U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

MARCH 2014 REPORT 1047

BLS Reports Ň March 2014www.bls.gov 1 

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Errors were found in this report; data in table 4 were corrected. More information is at www.bls.gov/bls/errata/corrected-working-poor-data.htm.
2 BLS Reports Ň March 2014www.bls.gov

 A PROFILE OF THE WORKING POOR, 2012

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Poverty status of people and primary families in the labor force for 27 weeks or more, 2007–2012 

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Total in the labor force1 146,567 147,838 147,902 146,859 147,475 148,735

In poverty 7,521 8,883 10,391 10,512 10,382 10,612

Workingpoor rate 5.1 6.0 7.0 7.2 7.0 7.1

Unrelated individuals 33,226 32,785 33,798 34,099 33,731 34,810

In poverty 2,558 3,275 3,947 3,947 3,621 3,851

Workingpoor rate 7.7 10.0 11.7 11.6 10.7 11.1

Primary families2 65,158 65,907 65,467 64,931 66,225 66,541

In poverty 4,169 4,538 5,193 5,269 5,469 5,478

Workingpoor rate 6.4 6.9 7.9 8.1 8.3 8.2

1. Includes individuals in families, not shown separately.

2. Primary families with at least one member in the labor force for more than half the year.

Note: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey (CPS), Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC).

Table A
BLS Reports Ň March 2014www.bls.gov 3 

A PROFILE OF THE WORKING POOR, 2012

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Percent

Working-poor rate of people in the labor force for 27 weeks or more, 1986–2012

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Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey (CPS), Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC).
4 BLS Reports Ň March 2014www.bls.gov

 A PROFILE OF THE WORKING POOR, 2012

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4.9

13.8

0.0

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8.0

12.0

16.0

Total White Black or African

American

Asian Hispanic or Latino

ethnicity

Percent

Working-poor rates of people in the labor force for 27 weeks or more by race and Hispanic or Latino 

ethnicity, 2012

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Chart 2
BLS Reports Ň March 2014www.bls.gov 5 

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6 BLS Reports Ň March 2014www.bls.gov

 A PROFILE OF THE WORKING POOR, 2012

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1. Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United 

States: 2012&XUUHQW3RSXODWLRQ5HSRUWV386

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prod/2013pubs/p60-245.pdf
BLS Reports Ň March 2014www.bls.gov 

A PROFILE OF THE WORKING POOR, 2012

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8 BLS Reports Ň March 2014www.bls.gov

 A PROFILE OF THE WORKING POOR, 2012

Table 1. People in the labor force: poverty status and work experience by weeks in the labor force, 2012

(Numbers in thousands)

Poverty status and work experience Total in the labor force

27 weeks or more in the labor force

Total 50 to 52 weeks

Total

Total in the labor force .......................................................................... 161,707 148,735 136,145

 Did not work during the year ............................................................... 5,513 3,433 3,016

 Worked during the year ...................................................................... 156,194 145,302 133,129

 Usual full-time workers ..................................................................... 122,407 118,095 111,162

 Usual part-time workers .................................................................... 33,787 27,207 21,966

 Involuntary part-time workers ......................................................... 10,256 9,044 7,831

 Voluntary part-time workers ............................................................ 23,531 18,163 14,135

At or above poverty level

Total in the labor force .......................................................................... 148,557 138,124 127,007

 Did not work during the year ............................................................... 3,328 2,004 1,748

 Worked during the year ...................................................................... 145,229 136,119 125,258

 Usual full-time workers ..................................................................... 116,696 113,118 106,787

 Usual part-time workers .................................................................... 28,532 23,001 18,471

 Involuntary part-time workers ......................................................... 7,611 6,698 5,775

 Voluntary part-time workers ............................................................ 20,921 16,303 12,696

Below poverty level

Total in the labor force .......................................................................... 13,150 10,612 9,138

 Did not work during the year ............................................................... 2,184 1,429 1,268

 Worked during the year ...................................................................... 10,965 9,182 7,870

 Usual full-time workers ..................................................................... 5,711 4,977 4,375

 Usual part-time workers .................................................................... 5,255 4,205 3,495

 Involuntary part-time workers ......................................................... 2,645 2,345 2,056

 Voluntary part-time workers ............................................................ 2,610 1,860 1,439

Rate1

Total in the labor force .......................................................................... 8.1 7.1 6.7

 Did not work during the year ............................................................... 39.6 41.6 42.0

 Worked during the year ...................................................................... 7.0 6.3 5.9

 Usual full-time workers ..................................................................... 4.7 4.2 3.9

 Usual part-time workers .................................................................... 15.6 15.5 15.9

 Involuntary part-time workers ......................................................... 25.8 25.9 26.3

 Voluntary part-time workers ............................................................ 11.1 10.2 10.2

1 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total in the labor force.

 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 
BLS Reports Ň March 2014www.bls.gov 

A PROFILE OF THE WORKING POOR, 2012

Table 2. People in the labor force for 27 weeks or more: poverty status by age, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino

ethnicity, 2012

(Numbers in thousands)

Age and gender Total White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or Latino

ethnicity

Below poverty level

Total White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or Latino

ethnicity

 Total, 16 years and older .................. 148,735 118,575 17,632 8,203 23,048 10,612 7,322 2,394 403 3,169

16 to 19 years ....................................... 3,293 2,608 414 111 601 425 307 92 11 97

20 to 24 years ....................................... 13,302 10,133 1,990 573 2,850 1,840 1,223 485 47 472

25 to 34 years ....................................... 32,477 25,000 4,201 2,044 6,352 3,185 2,169 746 89 985

35 to 44 years ....................................... 31,942 24,760 4,043 2,157 5,842 2,350 1,646 517 95 883

45 to 54 years ....................................... 34,117 27,620 3,938 1,782 4,547 1,680 1,160 345 97 484

55 to 64 years ....................................... 25,289 21,251 2,387 1,210 2,272 981 708 185 54 193

65 years and older ................................ 8,316 7,203 659 326 584 150 109 23 10 56

 Men, 16 years and older ................... 79,303 64,497 8,181 4,354 13,373 5,112 3,770 930 194 1,756

16 to 19 years ....................................... 1,619 1,300 180 63 319 197 143 43 6 50

20 to 24 years ....................................... 7,025 5,516 921 278 1,621 857 601 199 16 248

25 to 34 years ....................................... 17,583 13,827 1,982 1,115 3,846 1,443 1,067 270 38 528

35 to 44 years ....................................... 17,354 13,803 1,842 1,174 3,438 1,206 924 191 39 531

45 to 54 years ....................................... 17,962 14,795 1,819 944 2,567 847 609 136 65 270

55 to 64 years ....................................... 13,070 11,134 1,108 609 1,261 489 374 80 24 104

65 years and older ................................ 4,691 4,123 331 171 321 72 52 11 6 24

 Women, 16 years and older ............. 69,433 54,078 9,451 3,850 9,675 5,499 3,552 1,464 209 1,414

16 to 19 years ....................................... 1,674 1,308 234 48 283 228 164 49 5 48

20 to 24 years ....................................... 6,277 4,617 1,069 295 1,229 983 622 287 31 224

25 to 34 years ....................................... 14,894 11,174 2,220 929 2,506 1,742 1,103 476 51 457

35 to 44 years ....................................... 14,588 10,957 2,201 982 2,403 1,144 722 326 56 352

45 to 54 years ....................................... 16,155 12,825 2,119 838 1,980 833 550 210 32 213

55 to 64 years ....................................... 12,220 10,117 1,279 602 1,011 492 333 105 31 89

65 years and older ................................ 3,625 3,080 329 155 263 78 58 12 3 32

Age and gender

Rate1

Total White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic or

Latino

ethnicity

 Total, 16 years and older .................. 7.1 6.2 13.6 4.9 13.8

16 to 19 years ....................................... 12.9 11.8 22.3 10.1 16.2

20 to 24 years ....................................... 13.8 12.1 24.4 8.2 16.6

25 to 34 years ....................................... 9.8 8.7 17.8 4.3 15.5

35 to 44 years ....................................... 7.4 6.6 12.8 4.4 15.1

45 to 54 years ....................................... 4.9 4.2 8.8 5.4 10.6

55 to 64 years ....................................... 3.9 3.3 7.8 4.5 8.5

65 years and older ................................ 1.8 1.5 3.5 3.0 9.5

 Men, 16 years and older ................... 6.4 5.8 11.4 4.4 13.1

16 to 19 years ....................................... 12.2 11.0 24.1 2 ( ) 15.5

20 to 24 years ....................................... 12.2 10.9 21.6 5.7 15.3

25 to 34 years ....................................... 8.2 7.7 13.6 3.4 13.7

35 to 44 years ....................................... 7.0 6.7 10.4 3.3 15.4

45 to 54 years ....................................... 4.7 4.1 7.5 6.9 10.5

55 to 64 years ....................................... 3.7 3.4 7.2 3.9 8.3

65 years and older ................................ 1.5 1.3 3.4 3.6 7.5

 Women, 16 years and older ............. 7.9 6.6 15.5 5.4 14.6

16 to 19 years ....................................... 13.6 12.5 20.9 2 ( ) 16.9

20 to 24 years ....................................... 15.7 13.5 26.8 10.5 18.2

25 to 34 years ....................................... 11.7 9.9 21.4 5.4 18.2

35 to 44 years ....................................... 7.8 6.6 14.8 5.7 14.6

45 to 54 years ....................................... 5.2 4.3 9.9 3.8 10.8

55 to 64 years ....................................... 4.0 3.3 8.2 5.1 8.8

65 years and older ................................ 2.2 1.9 3.5 2.2 12.0

1 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total in the

labor force for 27 weeks or more. 2 Data not shown where base is less than 80,000.

 Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African

American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not

presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as

Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash represents or rounds to

zero.

 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 
10 BLS Reports Ň March 2014www.bls.gov

 A PROFILE OF THE WORKING POOR, 2012

Table 3. People in the labor force for 27 weeks or more: poverty status by educational attainment, race, Hispanic or Latino

ethnicity, and gender, 2012

(Numbers in thousands)

Educational attainment, race, and 

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Total Men Women

Below poverty level Rate1

Total Men Women Total Men Women

 Total, 16 years and older ......................... 148,735 79,303 69,433 10,612 5,112 5,499 7.1 6.4 7.9

Less than a high school diploma ................ 13,132 8,260 4,871 2,781 1,572 1,209 21.2 19.0 24.8

 Less than 1 year of high school ............... 4,247 2,884 1,364 926 584 342 21.8 20.3 25.1

 1–3 years of high school .......................... 7,160 4,311 2,848 1,520 795 724 21.2 18.5 25.4

 4 years of high school, no diploma .......... 1,725 1,066 659 335 192 143 19.4 18.0 21.6

High school graduates, no college2 ............ 40,616 23,263 17,352 3,805 1,898 1,907 9.4 8.2 11.0

Some college or associate’s degree ........... 44,251 21,841 22,410 2,970 1,167 1,803 6.7 5.3 8.0

 Some college, no degree ......................... 28,388 14,540 13,848 2,199 896 1,303 7.7 6.2 9.4

 Associate’s degree .................................. 15,863 7,301 8,563 771 271 500 4.9 3.7 5.8

Bachelor’s degree and higher3 ................... 50,737 25,938 24,798 1,055 475 581 2.1 1.8 2.3

 White, 16 years and older ........................ 118,575 64,497 54,078 7,322 3,770 3,552 6.2 5.8 6.6

Less than a high school diploma ................ 10,472 6,805 3,667 2,054 1,233 821 19.6 18.1 22.4

 Less than 1 year of high school ............... 3,568 2,504 1,064 769 502 267 21.5 20.0 25.1

 1–3 years of high school .......................... 5,611 3,480 2,131 1,054 595 459 18.8 17.1 21.5

 4 years of high school, no diploma .......... 1,293 821 473 231 136 95 17.9 16.6 20.0

High school graduates, no college2 ............ 32,245 18,879 13,366 2,511 1,340 1,171 7.8 7.1 8.8

Some college or associate’s degree ........... 34,969 17,624 17,344 1,985 847 1,138 5.7 4.8 6.6

 Some college, no degree ......................... 22,041 11,642 10,399 1,436 627 809 6.5 5.4 7.8

 Associate’s degree .................................. 12,928 5,982 6,946 549 220 329 4.2 3.7 4.7

Bachelor’s degree and higher3 ................... 40,889 21,189 19,700 772 349 422 1.9 1.6 2.1

 Black or African American, 16 years and

older ..................................................... 17,632 8,181 9,451 2,394 930 1,464 13.6 11.4 15.5

Less than a high school diploma ................ 1,585 845 740 513 230 283 32.3 27.2 38.2

 Less than 1 year of high school ............... 294 164 130 88 41 47 30.0 24.7 36.6

 1–3 years of high school .......................... 999 521 478 343 142 201 34.3 27.3 41.9

 4 years of high school, no diploma .......... 293 160 133 82 47 35 28.0 29.5 26.2

High school graduates, no college2 ............ 5,662 2,909 2,752 979 411 568 17.3 14.1 20.6

Some college or associate’s degree ........... 6,148 2,670 3,477 739 228 511 12.0 8.5 14.7

 Some college, no degree ......................... 4,333 1,910 2,422 584 200 383 13.5 10.5 15.8

 Associate’s degree .................................. 1,815 760 1,055 156 28 128 8.6 3.6 12.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher3 ................... 4,238 1,757 2,481 163 61 102 3.8 3.5 4.1

 Asian, 16 years and older ........................ 8,203 4,354 3,850 403 194 209 4.9 4.4 5.4

Less than a high school diploma ................ 543 268 276 86 42 44 15.9 15.8 15.9

 Less than 1 year of high school ............... 210 88 121 32 21 12 15.5 23.3 9.7

 1–3 years of high school .......................... 248 127 121 42 18 24 16.9 14.1 20.0

 4 years of high school, no diploma .......... 86 52 34 12 4 8 13.8 4 ( ) 4 ( )

High school graduates, no college2 ............ 1,414 728 686 128 60 68 9.1 8.2 10.0

Some college or associate’s degree ........... 1,631 831 800 92 34 57 5.6 4.1 7.2

 Some college, no degree ......................... 999 515 484 64 24 40 6.4 4.6 8.3

 Associate’s degree .................................. 632 316 316 28 11 17 4.4 3.4 5.4

Bachelor’s degree and higher3 ................... 4,615 2,527 2,088 97 57 40 2.1 2.3 1.9

 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 16 years and

older ...................................................... 23,048 13,373 9,675 3,169 1,756 1,414 13.8 13.1 14.6

Less than a high school diploma ................ 6,452 4,376 2,077 1,529 951 578 23.7 21.7 27.8

 Less than 1 year of high school ............... 3,157 2,212 945 769 499 270 24.3 22.5 28.5

 1–3 years of high school .......................... 2,631 1,724 906 602 362 240 22.9 21.0 26.5

 4 years of high school, no diploma .......... 664 439 225 158 90 68 23.7 20.4 30.2

High school graduates, no college2 ............ 7,258 4,397 2,861 1,008 564 444 13.9 12.8 15.5

Some college or associate’s degree ........... 5,712 2,811 2,901 468 179 289 8.2 6.4 10.0

 Some college, no degree ......................... 3,938 2,025 1,913 340 130 211 8.6 6.4 11.0

 Associate’s degree .................................. 1,775 787 988 128 50 78 7.2 6.3 7.9

Bachelor’s degree and higher3 ................... 3,626 1,790 1,836 164 61 103 4.5 3.4 5.6

1 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total in the labor

force for 27 weeks or more. 2 Includes people with a high school diploma or equivalent. 3 Includes people with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and 

doctoral degrees. 4 Data not shown where base is less than 80,000.

 Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African

American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented

for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may

be of any race.

 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 
Table 4. People in the labor force for 27 weeks or more who worked during the year: poverty status by occupation of longest job

held, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and gender, 2012

(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Total Men Women

Below poverty level Rate1

Total Men Women Total Men Women

 Total, 16 years and older2 .......................................... 145,302 77,357 67,945 9,178 4,313 4,864 6.3 5.6 7.2

 Management, professional, and related occupations .... 54,470 26,475 27,995 1,114 454 659 2.0 1.7 2.4

 Management, business, and financial operations

occupations .............................................................. 22,807 12,769 10,038 389 209 180 1.7 1.6 1.8

 Professional and related occupations .......................... 31,663 13,706 17,957 725 245 479 2.3 1.8 2.7

 Service occupations ...................................................... 25,974 11,507 14,467 3,537 1,283 2,253 13.6 11.2 15.6

 Sales and office occupations ......................................... 33,838 12,776 21,062 2,075 610 1,465 6.1 4.8 7.0

 Sales and related occupations .................................... 15,280 7,913 7,368 1,184 368 816 7.7 4.7 11.1

 Office and administrative support occupations ............ 18,558 4,863 13,694 891 242 650 4.8 5.0 4.7

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations .............................................................. 13,500 12,923 577 1,076 1,021 55 8.0 7.9 9.5

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations .................. 963 751 211 144 107 37 14.9 14.2 17.4

 Construction and extraction occupations ..................... 7,560 7,398 162 743 726 17 9.8 9.8 10.4

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ...... 4,978 4,774 204 190 188 2 3.8 3.9 .8

 Production, transportation, and material-moving

occupations .............................................................. 17,392 13,579 3,813 1,374 942 431 7.9 6.9 11.3

 Production occupations ............................................... 8,504 6,172 2,332 602 363 239 7.1 5.9 10.2

 Transportation and material-moving occupations ........ 8,888 7,406 1,482 771 579 193 8.7 7.8 13.0

 White, 16 years and older2 ......................................... 116,308 63,182 53,126 6,446 3,269 3,177 5.5 5.2 6.0

 Management, professional, and related occupations .... 44,640 21,979 22,661 820 365 455 1.8 1.7 2.0

 Management, business, and financial operations

occupations .............................................................. 19,243 11,048 8,194 299 162 137 1.6 1.5 1.7

 Professional and related occupations .......................... 25,397 10,931 14,466 521 203 318 2.1 1.9 2.2

 Service occupations ...................................................... 19,345 8,774 10,571 2,427 948 1,479 12.5 10.8 14.0

 Sales and office occupations ......................................... 26,982 10,340 16,642 1,353 420 933 5.0 4.1 5.6

 Sales and related occupations .................................... 12,357 6,603 5,754 782 250 532 6.3 3.8 9.3

 Office and administrative support occupations ............ 14,626 3,738 10,888 570 170 401 3.9 4.5 3.7

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations .............................................................. 11,785 11,296 489 896 847 49 7.6 7.5 10.0

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations .................. 804 632 172 115 85 31 14.3 13.4 17.8

 Construction and extraction occupations ..................... 6,665 6,522 143 622 605 17 9.3 9.3 11.6

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ...... 4,315 4,142 174 159 157 2 3.7 3.8 .9

 Production, transportation, and material-moving

occupations .............................................................. 13,476 10,729 2,747 949 688 260 7.0 6.4 9.5

 Production occupations ............................................... 6,676 5,009 1,667 429 277 152 6.4 5.5 9.1

 Transportation and material-moving occupations ........ 6,800 5,720 1,080 520 411 109 7.6 7.2 10.1

 Black or African American, 16 years and older2 ......... 16,821 7,754 9,067 1,967 702 1,266 11.7 9.0 14.0

 Management, professional, and related occupations .... 4,672 1,771 2,902 205 50 155 4.4 2.8 5.4

 Management, business, and financial operations

occupations .............................................................. 1,689 723 967 55 28 27 3.3 3.9 2.8

 Professional and related occupations .......................... 2,983 1,048 1,935 150 21 128 5.0 2.0 6.6

 Service occupations ...................................................... 4,245 1,702 2,544 810 234 576 19.1 13.8 22.6

 Sales and office occupations ......................................... 4,228 1,370 2,858 528 115 414 12.5 8.4 14.5

 Sales and related occupations .................................... 1,637 653 983 290 64 226 17.7 9.8 23.0

 Office and administrative support occupations ............ 2,591 716 1,874 238 51 187 9.2 7.1 10.0

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations .............................................................. 1,012 956 56 115 110 5 11.4 11.5 3 ( )

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations .................. 87 60 27 13 8 5 15.0 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Construction and extraction occupations ..................... 520 512 8 81 80 – 15.5 15.7 3 ( )

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ...... 405 384 21 22 22 – 5.3 5.6 3 ( )

 Production, transportation, and material-moving

occupations .............................................................. 2,637 1,940 697 308 192 115 11.7 9.9 16.5

 Production occupations ............................................... 1,051 672 379 121 61 59 11.5 9.1 15.7

 Transportation and material-moving occupations ........ 1,586 1,268 318 187 131 56 11.8 10.3 17.6

See footnotes at end of table.

This revised table corrects errors in data by occupation. More information is at www.bls.gov/bls/errata/corrected-working-poor-data.htm.
Table 4. People in the labor force for 27 weeks or more who worked during the year: poverty status by occupation of longest job

held, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and gender, 2012 — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Total Men Women

Below poverty level Rate1

Total Men Women Total Men Women

 Asian, 16 years and older2 ......................................... 8,000 4,244 3,756 343 164 179 4.3 3.9 4.8

 Management, professional, and related occupations .... 3,953 2,184 1,769 56 33 23 1.4 1.5 1.3

 Management, business, and financial operations

occupations .............................................................. 1,381 756 625 26 19 7 1.9 2.5 1.2

 Professional and related occupations .......................... 2,572 1,427 1,145 30 14 16 1.2 1.0 1.4

 Service occupations ...................................................... 1,399 590 809 127 38 89 9.1 6.5 10.9

 Sales and office occupations ......................................... 1,627 713 914 91 51 40 5.6 7.1 4.4

 Sales and related occupations .................................... 842 471 372 63 43 20 7.4 9.1 5.4

 Office and administrative support occupations ............ 784 242 542 28 8 20 3.6 3.3 3.7

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations .............................................................. 263 248 15 13 13 – 4.8 5.1 3 ( )

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations .................. 20 12 7 – – – 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Construction and extraction occupations ..................... 113 109 4 9 9 – 7.9 8.2 3 ( )

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ...... 131 127 4 4 4 – 2.9 2.9 3 ( )

 Production, transportation, and material-moving

occupations .............................................................. 745 500 244 56 29 27 7.6 5.9 11.0

 Production occupations ............................................... 504 299 206 29 13 16 5.8 4.3 8.0

 Transportation and material-moving occupations ........ 240 202 38 27 17 10 11.2 8.2 3 ( )

 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 16 years and older2 ....... 22,472 13,016 9,456 2,879 1,584 1,295 12.8 12.2 13.7

 Management, professional, and related occupations .... 4,436 2,002 2,434 169 56 113 3.8 2.8 4.6

 Management, business, and financial operations

occupations .............................................................. 1,899 975 923 79 38 41 4.2 3.9 4.4

 Professional and related occupations .......................... 2,537 1,026 1,511 90 18 72 3.5 1.7 4.8

 Service occupations ...................................................... 6,032 2,952 3,080 1,215 543 672 20.1 18.4 21.8

 Sales and office occupations ......................................... 4,751 1,832 2,919 462 113 349 9.7 6.1 12.0

 Sales and related occupations .................................... 2,156 1,033 1,124 220 52 168 10.2 5.0 14.9

 Office and administrative support occupations ............ 2,595 800 1,795 242 61 181 9.3 7.6 10.1

 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations .............................................................. 3,502 3,365 137 554 534 20 15.8 15.9 14.5

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations .................. 430 342 87 89 72 16 20.6 21.1 18.8

 Construction and extraction occupations ..................... 2,273 2,243 30 384 380 3 16.9 17.0 3 ( )

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ...... 800 780 20 81 81 – 10.1 10.4 3 ( )

 Production, transportation, and material-moving

occupations .............................................................. 3,738 2,859 878 480 338 141 12.8 11.8 16.1

 Production occupations ............................................... 1,878 1,308 570 214 134 80 11.4 10.3 14.0

 Transportation and material-moving occupations ........ 1,859 1,551 308 265 204 62 14.3 13.1 20.0

1 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total in the labor

force for 27 weeks or more who worked during the year. 2 Includes the long-term unemployed with no previous work experience

and a small number of people whose last job was in the Armed Forces. 3 Data not shown where base is less than 80,000.

 Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African

American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented

for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may

be of any race. Dash represents or rounds to zero.

 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 
BLS Reports Ň March 2014www.bls.gov 13 

A PROFILE OF THE WORKING POOR, 2012

Table 5. Primary families: poverty status, presence of related children, and work experience of family members

in the labor force for 27 weeks or more, 2012

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic Total families At or above

poverty level

Below poverty

level Rate1

 Total primary families ................................................ 66,541 61,063 5,478 8.2

With related children under 18 years ................................ 35,003 30,450 4,554 13.0

Without children ................................................................ 31,538 30,613 924 2.9

With one member in the labor force .................................. 28,836 24,369 4,467 15.5

With two or more members in the labor force ................... 37,705 36,694 1,011 2.7

 With two members .......................................................... 31,683 30,786 896 2.8

 With three or more members .......................................... 6,022 5,907 115 1.9

 Married-couple families ............................................. 49,118 46,806 2,312 4.7

With related children under 18 years ................................ 24,353 22,520 1,833 7.5

Without children ................................................................ 24,765 24,285 479 1.9

With one member in the labor force .................................. 17,067 15,423 1,644 9.6

 Husband .......................................................................... 12,139 10,883 1,256 10.3

 Wife ................................................................................. 4,185 3,901 283 6.8

 Relative ........................................................................... 744 639 105 14.1

With two or more members in the labor force ................... 32,050 31,383 668 2.1

 With two members .......................................................... 27,221 26,631 590 2.2

 With three or more members .......................................... 4,829 4,752 77 1.6

 Families maintained by women ................................. 12,075 9,542 2,532 21.0

With related children under 18 years ................................ 7,817 5,582 2,235 28.6

Without children ................................................................ 4,257 3,960 297 7.0

With one member in the labor force .................................. 8,461 6,194 2,267 26.8

 Householder .................................................................... 6,985 4,985 2,000 28.6

 Relative ........................................................................... 1,476 1,209 267 18.1

With two or more members in the labor force ................... 3,614 3,348 265 7.3

 Families maintained by men ..................................... 5,349 4,715 634 11.9

With related children under 18 years ................................ 2,833 2,347 486 17.2

Without children ................................................................ 2,516 2,368 148 5.9

With one member in the labor force .................................. 3,308 2,752 556 16.8

 Householder .................................................................... 2,715 2,261 453 16.7

 Relative ........................................................................... 593 491 102 17.3

With two or more members in the labor force ................... 2,041 1,963 78 3.8

1 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total in the labor force for 27 weeks or more.

 Note: Data relate to primary families with at least one member in the labor force for 27 weeks or more.

 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
14 BLS Reports Ň March 2014www.bls.gov

 A PROFILE OF THE WORKING POOR, 2012

Table 6. People in families and unrelated individuals: poverty status and work experience, 2012

(Numbers in thousands)

Poverty status and work experience Total

people

In married-couple families In families maintained by

women

In families maintained by

men

Unrelated

individuals Husbands Wives

Related

children

under

18

years

Other

relatives

Householder

Related

children

under

18

years

Other

relatives

Householder

Related

children

under

18

years

Other

relatives

Total

 All people1 .................................. 244,993 58,546 59,178 5,746 20,666 15,455 2,252 13,199 6,206 643 6,216 56,884

With labor force activity .................. 161,707 44,790 37,053 1,478 12,936 10,921 445 7,887 4,782 99 4,004 37,312

 1 to 26 weeks ............................... 12,972 1,486 2,650 919 2,712 754 282 1,006 236 58 366 2,502

 27 weeks or more ........................ 148,735 43,304 34,403 559 10,224 10,168 163 6,881 4,546 40 3,638 34,810

With no labor force activity ............. 83,287 13,757 22,125 4,269 7,730 4,533 1,807 5,312 1,424 545 2,212 19,572

At or above poverty level

 All people1 .................................. 213,108 54,870 55,474 5,269 19,359 10,666 1,528 10,705 5,188 525 5,488 44,035

With labor force activity .................. 148,557 42,750 35,974 1,421 12,450 8,243 352 7,006 4,193 89 3,736 32,343

 1 to 26 weeks ............................... 10,433 1,331 2,410 880 2,615 300 218 780 165 52 298 1,383

 27 weeks or more ........................ 138,124 41,419 33,564 541 9,835 7,943 134 6,226 4,028 37 3,437 30,959

With no labor force activity ............. 64,551 12,121 19,500 3,848 6,909 2,423 1,177 3,699 994 436 1,753 11,693

Below poverty level

 All people1 .................................. 31,885 3,676 3,704 477 1,307 4,788 724 2,494 1,018 119 728 12,849

With labor force activity .................. 13,150 2,040 1,079 57 486 2,678 94 881 589 10 268 4,970

 1 to 26 weeks ............................... 2,538 155 240 38 97 453 65 226 71 7 67 1,119

 27 weeks or more ........................ 10,612 1,885 839 18 389 2,225 29 655 518 – 201 3,851

With no labor force activity ............. 18,735 1,636 2,626 421 821 2,110 631 1,613 430 109 460 7,879

Rate2

 All people1 .................................. 13.0 6.3 6.3 8.3 6.3 31.0 32.1 18.9 16.4 18.5 11.7 22.6

With labor force activity .................. 8.1 4.6 2.9 3.8 3.8 24.5 21.0 11.2 12.3 9.9 6.7 13.3

 1 to 26 weeks ............................... 19.6 10.4 9.1 4.2 3.6 60.1 22.9 22.4 30.1 3 ( ) 18.4 44.7

 27 weeks or more ........................ 7.1 4.4 2.4 3.3 3.8 21.9 17.7 9.5 11.4 3 ( ) 5.5 11.1

With no labor force activity ............. 22.5 11.9 11.9 9.9 10.6 46.6 34.9 30.4 30.2 20.0 20.8 40.3

1 Data on families include primary families that own or rent the housing unit as well as related and unrelated subfamilies that reside with them. 2 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total. 3 Data not shown where base is less than 80,000.

 Note: Dash represents or rounds to zero.

 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 
BLS Reports Ň March 2014www.bls.gov 15 

A PROFILE OF THE WORKING POOR, 2012

Table 7. Unrelated individuals in the labor force for 27 weeks or more: poverty status by age, gender, race, Hispanic

or Latino ethnicity, and living arrangement, 2012

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic Total At or above

poverty level

Below poverty

level Rate1

Age and gender

Total unrelated individuals ............................................................................ 34,810 30,959 3,851 11.1

16 to 19 years ................................................................................................... 348 183 165 47.3

20 to 24 years ................................................................................................... 4,171 3,243 928 22.2

25 to 64 years ................................................................................................... 28,174 25,485 2,689 9.5

65 years and older ............................................................................................ 2,116 2,047 69 3.3

Men ................................................................................................................... 19,352 17,357 1,995 10.3

Women ............................................................................................................. 15,458 13,603 1,856 12.0

Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

White ............................................................................................................... 27,548 24,701 2,847 10.3

 Men ................................................................................................................ 15,497 14,010 1,487 9.6

 Women .......................................................................................................... 12,052 10,691 1,361 11.3

Black or African American ............................................................................... 4,748 4,023 725 15.3

 Men ................................................................................................................ 2,460 2,074 386 15.7

 Women .......................................................................................................... 2,289 1,950 339 14.8

Asian ................................................................................................................ 1,415 1,305 110 7.8

 Men ................................................................................................................ 783 744 39 5.0

 Women .......................................................................................................... 632 561 71 11.2

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ............................................................................... 4,682 3,891 791 16.9

 Men ................................................................................................................ 2,989 2,559 431 14.4

 Women .......................................................................................................... 1,692 1,332 360 21.3

Living arrangement

Living alone ...................................................................................................... 17,814 16,461 1,354 7.6

Living with others .............................................................................................. 16,996 14,498 2,497 14.7

1 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total in the

labor force for 27 weeks or more.

 Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or

African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are

not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as

Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 
16 BLS Reports Ň March 2014www.bls.gov

 A PROFILE OF THE WORKING POOR, 2012

Table 8. People in the labor force for 27 weeks or more: poverty status and labor market problems of full-time wage

and salary workers, 2012

(Numbers in thousands)

Labor market problems Total At or above

poverty level

Below poverty

level Rate1

 Total, full-time wage and salary workers ..................................................... 111,951 107,560 4,391 3.9

No unemployment, involuntary part-time employment, or low earnings2 ......... 90,879 90,159 720 .8

Unemployment only .......................................................................................... 6,454 5,960 494 7.7

Involuntary part-time employment only ............................................................. 2,731 2,665 67 2.4

Low earnings only ............................................................................................. 7,448 5,699 1,749 23.5

Unemployment and involuntary part-time employment .................................... 1,341 1,200 141 10.5

Unemployment and low earnings ..................................................................... 1,676 931 746 44.5

Involuntary part-time employment and low earnings ........................................ 857 647 210 24.5

Unemployment, involuntary part-time employment, and low earnings ............. 564 299 265 46.9

Unemployment (alone or with other problems) ................................................. 10,035 8,390 1,646 16.4

Involuntary part-time employment (alone or with other problems) ................... 5,493 4,811 682 12.4

Low earnings (alone or with other problems) ................................................... 10,545 7,576 2,970 28.2

1 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total in the labor force for 27 weeks or more. 2 The low-earnings threshold in 2012 was $337.92 per week.

 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 
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 A PROFILE OF THE WORKING POOR, 2012

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