U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

NOVEMBER 2015 REPORT 1058

BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 1

Highlights of women’s earnings 

in 2014

I

n 2014, women who were full-time wage and salary 

workers had median usual weekly earnings of $719. 

Women’s median earnings were 83 percent of those 

of male full-time wage and salary workers ($871). In 

1979, the first year for which comparable earnings data

are available, women’s earnings were 62 percent of men’s. 

Since 2004, the women’s-to-men’s earnings ratio has 

ranged from 80 to 83 percent. (See chart 1 and tables 1 

and 12.) 

This report presents earnings data from the Current 

Population Survey (CPS), a national monthly survey of 

about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census 

Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

Information on earnings is collected from one-fourth of the 

CPS sample each month. 

The earnings comparisons in this report are on a broad 

level and do not control for many factors that can be 

significant in explaining earnings differences, such as

job skills and responsibilities, work experience, and

specialization. See the accompanying technical notes 

section for more information, including a description of the 

source of the data and an explanation of the concepts and

definitions used in this report.

Earnings of full-time workers

Below are data highlights for women and men who usually 

work full time (35 hours or more per week), with sections 

focusing on characteristics such as age, race and ethnicity, 

education, occupation, and more. 

CONTENTS

Earnings of full-time workers.....................................1

 Age ...........................................................................2

 Race and ethnicity....................................................2

 Education .................................................................3

 Occupation ...............................................................4

 Earnings among parents...........................................6

 State of residence .....................................................6

 Weekly work hours ..................................................6

Earnings of part-time workers ....................................7

Earnings of workers paid by the hour.........................7

Statistical Tables .........................................................8

Technical Notes.........................................................71
2 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Age 

In 2014, median weekly earnings for women were highest 

between the ages of 35 and 64. There was little or no 

difference in the earnings of 35- to 44-year-olds ($781), 

45- to 54-year-olds ($780), and 55- to 64-year-olds ($780). 

For men, earnings peaked between the ages of 45 and 64, 

with 45- to 54-year-olds ($1,011) and 55- to 64-year-olds 

($1,021) having similar earnings. Young women and men 

age 16 to 24 had the lowest earnings ($451 and $493, 

respectively). (See chart 2 and table 1.) 

Among workers age 35 and older, women earned between 

76 and 81 percent of what their male counterparts earned 

in 2014. For those under age 35, the earnings differences 

between women and men were smaller, with women 

earning 90 to 92 percent of what men earned. (See table 1.) 

Between 1979 and 2014, women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios 

rose for most age groups. Among 25- to 34-year-olds, for 

example, the ratio increased from 68 percent in 1979 to

90 percent in 2014, and the ratio for 45- to 54-year-olds 

increased from 57 percent to 77 percent. (See table 12.) 

Race and ethnicity

Asian women and men earned more than their White, 

Black, and Hispanic or Latino counterparts in 2014. 

Among women, Whites ($734) earned 87 percent as much 

as Asian women ($841), Blacks ($611) earned 73 percent, 

and Hispanics ($548) earned 65 percent. In comparison, 

White men ($897) earned 83 percent as much as Asian men 

($1,080); Black men ($680) earned 63 percent as much; 

and Hispanic men ($616), 57 percent. (See chart 3 and 

table 1.)

Earnings differences between women and men were 

the most pronounced for Asians and for Whites. Asian 

women earned 78 percent as much as Asian men in 2014, 

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013

Note: Percentages are calculated from annual averages of median usual weekly earnings for full-time wage and salary workers.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Chart 1. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2014 

annual averages 

In percent
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 3

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

and White women earned 82 percent as much as their 

male counterparts. In comparison, Black and Hispanic 

women had median earnings that were 90 and 89 percent, 

respectively, of those of their male counterparts. 

(See table 1.)

Women’s earnings since 1979 have increased considerably 

across the major race and Hispanic ethnicity categories. 

Earnings growth has been greatest for White women. 

Between 1979 and 2014, inflation-adjusted earnings (also

called constant-dollar earnings) rose by 31 percent for 

White women, compared with an increase of 19 percent 

for Black women and 15 percent for Hispanic women. In 

contrast, inflation-adjusted earnings for White and Black

men have been essentially flat, while Hispanic men’s

earnings declined by 8 percent since 1979. (See table 

18.) Asians were not included in this analysis because 

comparable data for the group are not available until 2003. 

(See note in table 18.) 

Education 

Median weekly earnings vary significantly by educational

attainment. Among all workers age 25 and older, the 

weekly earnings of those without a high school diploma 

($488) were two-fifths of those with a bachelor’s degree or

higher ($1,193) in 2014. For workers with a high school 

diploma who had not attended college, median earnings 

($668) were a little more than half of the earnings of 

those with a bachelor’s degree or higher. Those with some 

college or an associate’s degree ($761) made just under 

two-thirds of what workers with a bachelor’s degree or 

more made. (See table 1.)

$451 $679 $781 $780 $780 $740 $493 $755 $964 $1,011 $1,021 $942

$0

$200

$400

$600

$800

$1,000

$1,200

Women Men

16 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 and older

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Chart 2. Median usual weekly earnings of women and men who are full-time wage and salary 

workers, by age, 2014 annual averages

Earnings 

(dollars)
4 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

At each education level, the long-term trend in inflationadjusted earnings has been more favorable for women than 

for men. Although both women and men without a high 

school diploma have experienced declines in inflationadjusted earnings since 1979, the drop for women was 

much smaller than the drop for men: an 11-percent decrease 

for women compared with a 33-percent decline for men. 

On an inflation-adjusted basis, earnings for women with a

bachelor’s degree or higher have increased by 31 percent 

since 1979. Earnings for men with a bachelor’s degree or 

higher have risen by 15 percent. (Data refer to workers age 

25 and older.) (See chart 4 and table 19.)

Occupation

Women and men working full time in management, 

business, and financial operations jobs had higher

median weekly earnings than workers in any other major 

occupational category in 2014 ($1,056 for women and 

$1,416 for men). In management, business, and financial

operations occupations, women who were chief executives

and computer and information systems managers had 

the highest median weekly earnings ($1,572 and $1,529, 

respectively). Among men in this occupational category, 

chief executives and architectural and engineering

managers had the highest earnings ($2,246 and $1,975, 

respectively). 

The second-highest paying occupational category 

for women and men was professional and related 

occupations ($948 for women and $1,286 for men). 

Women who were pharmacists ($1,902), nurse 

practitioners ($1,682), and lawyers ($1,590) had the 

highest earnings in this category. For men, those who 

$719 $734

$611

$841

$548

$871 $897

$680

$1,080

$616

$0

$200

$400

$600

$800

$1,000

$1,200

Total White Black or African

American

Asian Hispanic or Latino

ethnicity

Women Men

Note: People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race. Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and 

Asian) include Hispanics. 

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Chart 3. Median usual weekly earnings of women and men who are full-time wage and salary workers, by 

race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2014 annual averages

Earnings (dollars)
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 5

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

were pharmacists ($2,176), physicians and surgeons 

($2,002), lawyers ($1,915), and computer hardware 

engineers ($1,795) earned the most. (See table 2.)

The occupational distributions of female and male fulltime workers differ considerably. Compared with men, 

relatively few women work in construction, production, 

or transportation occupations; women are far more 

concentrated in office and administrative support jobs. (See

chart 5 and table 2.)

Women are more likely than men to work in professional 

and related occupations. In 2014, 30 percent of women 

worked in professional and related occupations, compared 

with 19 percent of men. Within this occupational category, 

though, the proportion of women employed in the higher 

paying job groups is much smaller than the proportion of 

men employed in them. In 2014, 10 percent of women in 

professional and related occupations were employed in the 

relatively high-paying computer and engineering fields,

compared with 44 percent of men. Women in professional 

and related occupations were more likely to work in 

education and healthcare jobs, which generally pay less 

than computer and engineering jobs. Sixty-eight percent of

women in professional occupations worked in education 

and healthcare jobs in 2014, compared with 30 percent of 

men. (See chart 5 and table 2.)

-11

3

3

31

-33

-20

-13

15

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

Less than a high school diploma

High school graduates, no college

Some college or associate's degree

Bachelor's degree and higher

Women Men

Note: Data relate to earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, 25 years and older.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Percentage change

Chart 4. Percentage change in inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings of women and men, by 

educational attainment, 1979–2014
6 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Earnings among parents

In 2014, a little more than one-third of full-time wage 

and salary workers were parents of children under age 18. 

Median weekly earnings for mothers of children under 

age 18 ($722) were essentially the same as earnings for 

women without children under 18 ($718). Earnings for 

fathers with children under 18 were $966, compared with 

$817 for men without children under 18. (See table 7.) 

State of residence 

Median weekly earnings and women’s-to-men’s earnings 

ratios vary by state of residence. (In this section, “state” 

refers to the 50 states and the District of Columbia.) The 

differences among the states reflect, in part, variation in

the occupations and industries found in each state and 

differences in the demographic composition of each state’s 

labor force. In general, the sampling error for the state 

estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national 

estimates; thus, comparisons of state estimates should be 

made with caution. Earnings are shown based on workers’ 

state of residence, but their reported earnings are not 

necessarily from a job located in the same state. 

(See table 3.)

Weekly work hours 

Among full-time workers (that is, those usually working at 

a job 35 hours or more per week), men are more likely than 

women to have a longer workweek. In 2014, 26 percent 

of men who usually work full time worked 41 or more 

hours per week, compared with 15 percent of women who 

worked those hours. Women were more likely than men 

to work 35 to 39 hours per week: 12 percent of women 

worked those hours in 2014, while 5 percent of men did. A 

17.4

29.9

15.7

9.0

21.1

0.9

6.1

15.8

19.1

12.8

9.1

6.5

17.4

19.3

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Management,

business, and

financial

operations

occupations

Professional and

related

occupations

Service

occupations

Sales and

related

occupations

Office and

administrative

support

occupations

Natural

resources,

construction,

and

maintenance

occupations

Production,

transportation,

and material

moving

occupations

Women Men

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Percentage of total employment 

Chart 5. Distribution of full-time wage and salary employment for women and men, by major occupational 

group, 2014 annual averages
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 7

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

large majority of both male and female full-time workers 

had a 40-hour workweek. Among these workers, women 

earned 89 percent as much as men earned. (Excluded from

this analysis were people who usually work 35 or more 

hours per week but whose hours vary.) (See table 5.)

Earnings of part-time workers

Women are more likely than men to work part time—that 

is, less than 35 hours per week on a sole or principal job. 

Women who worked part time made up 26 percent of all 

female wage and salary workers in 2014. In contrast, 12 

percent of men in wage and salary jobs worked part time. 

(See tables 4 and 5.) 

Women and men who worked part time had similar median 

earnings. Median weekly earnings for female part-timers 

were $242 in 2014, not significantly different from the

$236 median earned by their male counterparts. 

(See table 4.)

Men who work part time tend to be younger than women 

who work part time. In 2014, 43 percent of male part-time 

workers were 16 to 24 years old, compared with 29 percent 

of female part-time workers. (See table 4.) 

Earnings of workers paid by the 

hour

Sixty-one percent of women and 56 percent of men

employed in wage and salary jobs were paid by the hour 

in 2014. Women who were paid hourly rates had median 

hourly earnings of $12.18, which were 85 percent of the 

median hourly earnings of men ($14.39). (See tables 8 

and 11.)

Among workers who were paid hourly rates in 2014, 

5 percent of women and 3 percent of men had hourly 

earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage 

of $7.25. (See table 10.) 

Among both women and men, hourly paid workers age 

16 to 19 were the most likely to have earnings at or below 

the minimum wage. Fifteen percent of teenage workers 

who were paid hourly rates earned the prevailing federal 

minimum wage or less in 2014, compared with just 3 

percent of hourly paid workers age 25 and older. Seven 

percent of workers age 20 to 24 had earnings at or below 

the minimum wage. (See table 10.) See the technical notes 

section for information about BLS estimates of the number 

of minimum wage workers.
8 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Statistical Tables
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 9

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics, 2014

annual averages

Characteristic

Total Women Men

Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Age

Total, 16 years and older...................... 106,526 $791 $2 47,076 $719 $3 59,450 $871 $3 82.5

16 to 24 years................................ 9,583 477 3 4,090 451 5 5,493 493 3 91.5

16 to 19 years............................. 1,144 378 5 443 357 7 701 392 6 91.1

20 to 24 years............................. 8,439 491 3 3,647 468 5 4,792 507 3 92.3

25 years and older.......................... 96,943 839 2 42,986 752 2 53,957 922 3 81.6

25 to 34 years............................. 25,722 726 3 11,083 679 5 14,639 755 4 89.9

35 to 44 years............................. 24,589 881 5 10,633 781 6 13,957 964 7 81.0

45 to 54 years............................. 25,359 899 5 11,558 780 6 13,801 1,011 6 77.2

55 to 64 years............................. 17,607 911 6 8,062 780 7 9,545 1,021 8 76.4

65 years and older........................ 3,665 824 15 1,650 740 14 2,016 942 14 78.6

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White............................................. 84,177 816 2 36,119 734 3 48,058 897 3 81.8

Black or African American.................... 12,910 639 5 6,781 611 4 6,129 680 7 89.9

Asian............................................. 6,273 953 11 2,784 841 15 3,488 1,080 23 77.9

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................... 17,475 594 3 6,721 548 7 10,754 616 4 89.0

Marital Status

Never married................................... 29,840 624 3 12,974 607 3 16,866 648 5 93.7

Married, spouse present....................... 59,297 908 3 24,218 787 4 35,079 1,001 4 78.6

Other marital status............................ 17,389 760 4 9,884 700 6 7,505 848 9 82.5

Divorced...................................... 11,701 800 6 6,688 740 6 5,013 894 9 82.8

Separated..................................... 4,029 659 9 1,960 598 9 2,069 730 13 81.9

Widowed...................................... 1,659 729 14 1,237 682 18 422 883 41 77.2

Union Affiliation1

Members of unions2............................ 13,132 970 6 5,671 904 8 7,461 1,015 6 89.1

Represented by unions3

....................... 14,491 965 6 6,324 899 8 8,167 1,013 6 88.7

Not represented by a union................... 92,035 763 2 40,752 687 3 51,283 840 4 81.8

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and older...................... 96,943 839 2 42,986 752 2 53,957 922 3 81.6

Less than a high school diploma.......... 6,927 488 3 2,107 409 3 4,819 517 3 79.1

High school graduates, no college. . . . . . .. 25,529 668 3 10,093 578 3 15,437 751 4 77.0

Some college or associate degree........ 26,408 761 3 12,462 661 4 13,946 872 6 75.8

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............. 38,080 1,193 6 18,324 1,049 5 19,756 1,385 8 75.7

1 Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective

bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, industry, and geographic region.

2 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.

3 Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association

contract.

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all

race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
10 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2014

annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Total, full-time wage and salary workers. . .. 106,526 $791 $2 47,076 $719 $3 59,450 $871 $3 82.5

Management, professional, and related

occupations................................... 43,016 1,137 3 22,258 981 4 20,758 1,346 6 72.9

Management, business, and financial

operations occupations................... 17,561 1,227 8 8,176 1,056 10 9,385 1,416 13 74.6

Management occupations................ 11,881 1,295 15 4,938 1,127 12 6,943 1,454 13 77.5

Chief executives........................ 1,077 2,023 77 283 1,572 61 795 2,246 74 70.0

General and operations managers. .. 843 1,276 57 256 1,136 26 587 1,350 23 84.1

Legislators............................... 16 – – 10 – – 6 – – –

Advertising and promotions

managers............................. 47 – – 27 – – 20 – – –

Marketing and sales managers....... 823 1,405 43 372 1,150 23 451 1,624 48 70.8

Public relations and fundraising

managers............................. 69 1,344 153 41 – – 28 – – –

Administrative services managers. .. 114 1,163 27 48 – – 66 1,165 28 –

Computer and information systems

managers............................. 623 1,730 45 169 1,529 37 453 1,763 28 86.7

Financial managers.................... 1,133 1,325 51 606 1,127 27 527 1,671 82 67.4

Compensation and benefits

managers............................. 16 – – 12 – – 3 – – –

Human resources managers.......... 234 1,382 72 178 1,300 50 56 1,827 240 71.2

Training and development

managers............................. 40 – – 20 – – 19 – – –

Industrial production managers....... 263 1,331 73 42 – – 220 1,383 81 –

Purchasing managers.................. 180 1,329 113 77 1,276 129 103 1,366 156 93.4

Transportation, storage, and

distribution managers............... 239 991 32 51 836 53 188 1,014 31 82.4

Farmers, ranchers, and other

agricultural managers............... 106 812 67 15 – – 91 818 59 –

Construction managers................ 428 1,304 69 33 – – 395 1,332 30 –

Education administrators.............. 730 1,272 44 451 1,171 41 279 1,439 37 81.4

Architectural and engineering

managers............................. 110 1,945 92 7 – – 103 1,975 70 –

Food service managers............... 740 704 24 342 595 19 398 806 32 73.8

Funeral service managers............ 7 – – 4 – – 3 – – –

Gaming managers...................... 15 – – 8 – – 8 – – –

Lodging managers..................... 107 764 35 60 809 59 47 – – –

Medical and health services

managers............................. 541 1,266 34 388 1,215 55 153 1,448 34 83.9

Natural sciences managers........... 18 – – 10 – – 8 – – –

Postmasters and mail

superintendents...................... 29 – – 17 – – 11 – – –

Property, real estate, and

community association

managers............................. 385 919 55 218 865 28 167 976 66 88.6

Social and community service

managers............................. 332 1,008 44 207 978 42 125 1,142 35 85.6

Emergency management directors... 7 – – 1 – – 5 – – –

Managers, all other.................... 2,609 1,322 28 983 1,153 24 1,626 1,412 25 81.7

Business and financial operations

occupations............................. 5,681 1,107 13 3,238 982 12 2,442 1,310 30 75.0

Agents and business managers of

artists, performers, and athletes. .. 35 – – 14 – – 22 – – –

Buyers and purchasing agents, farm

products............................... 12 – – 6 – – 7 – – –
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 11

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2014

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Wholesale and retail buyers, except

farm products........................ 143 859 47 74 806 47 69 970 75 83.1

Purchasing agents, except

wholesale, retail, and farm

products............................... 244 945 50 139 897 49 105 1,054 160 85.1

Claims adjusters, appraisers,

examiners, and investigators....... 285 989 31 175 908 61 110 1,093 50 83.1

Compliance officers.................... 226 1,157 131 108 1,092 83 118 1,237 144 88.3

Cost estimators......................... 97 1,059 53 12 – – 85 1,074 140 –

Human resources workers............ 550 962 23 403 912 42 147 1,257 263 72.6

Compensation, benefits, and job

analysis specialists.................. 66 1,022 135 49 – – 17 – – –

Training and development

specialists............................. 118 1,091 48 65 955 157 53 1,280 77 74.6

Logisticians.............................. 83 946 69 39 – – 43 – – –

Management analysts................. 551 1,470 36 229 1,239 38 322 1,665 134 74.4

Meeting, convention, and event

planners............................... 107 997 56 88 981 56 20 – – –

Fundraisers.............................. 72 1,122 88 51 1,013 68 21 – – –

Market research analysts and

marketing specialists................ 219 1,135 36 134 1,002 154 85 1,269 72 79.0

Business operations specialists, all

other................................... 174 1,098 59 99 944 58 74 1,229 197 76.8

Accountants and auditors............. 1,437 1,072 23 910 999 18 526 1,236 31 80.8

Appraisers and assessors of real

estate.................................. 51 1,009 28 24 – – 27 – – –

Budget analysts........................ 44 – – 23 – – 21 – – –

Credit analysts.......................... 24 – – 13 – – 11 – – –

Financial analysts...................... 226 1,434 37 93 1,224 112 133 1,493 66 82.0

Personal financial advisors............ 335 1,337 115 134 1,004 79 201 1,637 50 61.3

Insurance underwriters................ 106 1,142 20 64 1,003 63 42 – – –

Financial examiners.................... 16 – – 8 – – 8 – – –

Credit counselors and loan officers... 269 997 60 161 915 41 108 1,188 206 77.0

Tax examiners and collectors, and

revenue agents...................... 60 1,183 72 37 – – 23 – – –

Tax preparers........................... 51 904 60 38 – – 13 – – –

Financial specialists, all other. . . . . . .. 79 949 59 48 – – 30 – – –

Professional and related occupations..... 25,455 1,078 6 14,082 948 5 11,373 1,286 11 73.7

Computer and mathematical

occupations............................. 3,879 1,368 13 979 1,165 14 2,900 1,435 16 81.2

Computer and information research

scientists.............................. 27 – – 5 – – 22 – – –

Computer systems analysts........... 419 1,385 40 147 1,259 54 272 1,460 57 86.2

Information security analysts.......... 55 1,419 37 8 – – 47 – – –

Computer programmers............... 438 1,409 49 84 1,253 50 354 1,447 37 86.6

Software developers, applications

and systems software............... 1,141 1,693 45 224 1,457 70 917 1,736 17 83.9

Web developers........................ 163 1,129 57 57 988 72 105 1,245 75 79.4

Computer support specialists......... 503 966 31 132 837 42 371 1,049 47 79.8

Database administrators............... 101 1,517 66 25 – – 76 1,662 104 –

Network and computer systems

administrators........................ 204 1,263 48 42 – – 162 1,286 56 –

Computer network architects. . . . . . . .. 126 1,633 80 15 – – 111 1,650 64 –

Computer occupations, all other...... 452 1,088 35 109 984 43 343 1,122 40 87.7

Actuaries................................ 29 – – 14 – – 15 – – –

Mathematicians......................... 2 – – 0 – – 2 – – –
12 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2014

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Operations research analysts......... 134 1,276 69 72 1,233 27 61 1,457 54 84.6

Statisticians............................. 78 1,349 46 39 – – 39 – – –

Miscellaneous mathematical science

occupations........................... 6 – – 4 – – 2 – – –

Architecture and engineering

occupations............................. 2,527 1,377 17 377 1,158 20 2,150 1,413 19 82.0

Architects, except naval............... 122 1,329 125 29 – – 94 1,391 57 –

Surveyors, cartographers, and

photogrammetrists................... 33 – – 6 – – 27 – – –

Aerospace engineers.................. 143 1,642 105 22 – – 121 1,727 74 –

Agricultural engineers.................. 5 – – 0 – – 5 – – –

Biomedical engineers.................. 12 – – 2 – – 10 – – –

Chemical engineers.................... 75 1,465 34 11 – – 64 1,570 285 –

Civil engineers.......................... 317 1,383 32 53 1,275 120 263 1,406 33 90.7

Computer hardware engineers. . . . . .. 79 1,744 92 9 – – 70 1,795 179 –

Electrical and electronics

engineers............................. 271 1,572 65 29 – – 242 1,568 35 –

Environmental engineers.............. 40 – – 9 – – 31 – – –

Industrial engineers, including health

and safety............................ 187 1,404 88 32 – – 155 1,464 61 –

Marine engineers and naval

architects.............................. 7 – – 0 – – 7 – – –

Materials engineers.................... 33 – – 5 – – 28 – – –

Mechanical engineers.................. 286 1,434 50 27 – – 259 1,453 48 –

Mining and geological engineers,

including mining safety

engineers............................. 18 – – 0 – – 18 – – –

Nuclear engineers...................... 5 – – 0 – – 5 – – –

Petroleum engineers................... 36 – – 9 – – 26 – – –

Engineers, all other.................... 362 1,463 33 44 – – 317 1,488 42 –

Drafters.................................. 122 979 52 20 – – 102 986 39 –

Engineering technicians, except

drafters................................ 321 989 36 68 785 68 253 1,066 55 73.6

Surveying and mapping

technicians............................ 56 879 30 2 – – 54 882 35 –

Life, physical, and social science

occupations............................. 1,124 1,168 21 466 1,062 25 658 1,247 29 85.2

Agricultural and food scientists....... 26 – – 10 – – 16 – – –

Biological scientists.................... 94 1,152 91 41 – – 54 1,356 277 –

Conservation scientists and

foresters............................... 25 – – 3 – – 21 – – –

Medical scientists....................... 137 1,267 80 68 1,141 107 69 1,449 102 78.7

Life scientists, all other................ 0 – – 0 – – 0 – – –

Astronomers and physicists........... 8 – – 2 – – 6 – – –

Atmospheric and space scientists.... 7 – – 0 – – 7 – – –

Chemists and materials scientists.... 98 1,251 53 28 – – 70 1,369 53 –

Environmental scientists and

geoscientists.......................... 72 1,358 32 17 – – 55 1,388 61 –

Physical scientists, all other........... 179 1,447 44 63 1,262 40 116 1,547 34 81.6

Economists.............................. 27 – – 12 – – 16 – – –

Survey researchers.................... 3 – – 0 – – 3 – – –

Psychologists........................... 124 1,232 62 94 1,212 57 31 – – –

Sociologists............................. 5 – – 4 – – 1 – – –

Urban and regional planners.......... 23 – – 5 – – 18 – – –

Miscellaneous social scientists and

related workers....................... 36 – – 16 – – 20 – – –
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 13

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2014

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Agricultural and food science

technicians............................ 36 – – 13 – – 22 – – –

Biological technicians.................. 21 – – 8 – – 13 – – –

Chemical technicians.................. 67 910 23 22 – – 45 – – –

Geological and petroleum

technicians............................ 23 – – 5 – – 18 – – –

Nuclear technicians.................... 3 – – 3 – – 0 – – –

Social science research assistants... 1 – – 1 – – 0 – – –

Miscellaneous life, physical, and

social science technicians.......... 110 851 63 53 805 69 58 872 54 92.3

Community and social service

occupations............................. 2,005 858 12 1,264 824 15 741 934 24 88.2

Counselors.............................. 552 849 26 378 831 32 174 885 49 93.9

Social workers.......................... 690 844 21 563 839 20 127 892 102 94.1

Probation officers and correctional

treatment specialists................ 95 999 40 50 1,141 52 45 – – –

Social and human service

assistants............................. 142 716 44 113 673 34 29 – – –

Miscellaneous community and social

service specialists, including

health educators and community

health workers....................... 93 773 66 66 747 64 26 – – –

Clergy.................................... 356 958 24 53 763 29 303 1,007 55 75.8

Directors, religious activities and

education............................. 37 – – 18 – – 20 – – –

Religious workers, all other........... 40 – – 23 – – 17 – – –

Legal occupations......................... 1,313 1,271 48 722 1,001 39 591 1,765 94 56.7

Lawyers.................................. 737 1,807 80 251 1,590 72 486 1,915 99 83.0

Judicial law clerks...................... 12 – – 6 – – 6 – – –

Judges, magistrates, and other

judicial workers....................... 48 – – 26 – – 23 – – –

Paralegals and legal assistants. . . . .. 359 831 20 321 840 19 37 – – –

Miscellaneous legal support

workers................................ 158 870 60 118 817 54 39 – – –

Education, training, and library

occupations............................. 6,595 953 7 4,832 897 8 1,763 1,141 14 78.6

Postsecondary teachers............... 860 1,256 25 405 1,143 21 454 1,409 49 81.1

Preschool and kindergarten

teachers............................... 499 634 25 486 625 22 13 – – –

Elementary and middle school

teachers............................... 2,730 980 10 2,196 956 10 534 1,096 32 87.2

Secondary school teachers........... 981 1,037 20 549 984 21 432 1,108 30 88.8

Special education teachers........... 295 1,001 21 239 987 19 57 1,078 41 91.6

Other teachers and instructors. . . . . .. 340 846 20 198 772 50 142 1,096 82 70.4

Archivists, curators, and museum

technicians............................ 32 – – 20 – – 12 – – –

Librarians................................ 155 889 54 129 849 37 27 – – –

Library technicians..................... 9 – – 6 – – 3 – – –

Teacher assistants..................... 545 498 12 492 494 12 52 580 36 85.2

Other education, training, and library

workers................................ 149 956 58 111 983 38 37 – – –

Arts, design, entertainment, sports,

and media occupations................ 1,573 956 12 667 870 19 906 1,024 23 85.0

Artists and related workers............ 65 1,166 278 22 – – 43 – – –

Designers................................ 546 921 24 257 812 34 289 1,020 36 79.6

Actors.................................... 13 – – 5 – – 8 – – –

Producers and directors............... 101 1,192 81 35 – – 66 1,224 78 –
14 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2014

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Athletes, coaches, umpires, and

related workers....................... 113 871 56 29 – – 83 974 75 –

Dancers and choreographers......... 8 – – 8 – – 0 – – –

Musicians, singers, and related

workers................................ 39 – – 11 – – 28 – – –

Entertainers and performers, sports

and related workers, all other. . . . .. 10 – – 6 – – 4 – – –

Announcers............................. 28 – – 5 – – 23 – – –

News analysts, reporters and

correspondents....................... 59 802 205 24 – – 35 – – –

Public relations specialists............ 111 982 62 69 933 33 42 – – –

Editors................................... 120 1,018 84 47 – – 73 1,051 200 –

Technical writers....................... 51 1,297 80 23 – – 27 – – –

Writers and authors.................... 103 1,016 60 60 863 54 42 – – –

Miscellaneous media and

communication workers............. 39 – – 25 – – 13 – – –

Broadcast and sound engineering

technicians and radio operators. .. 79 948 67 11 – – 67 958 86 –

Photographers.......................... 55 938 69 22 – – 32 – – –

Television, video, and motion picture

camera operators and editors...... 34 – – 6 – – 28 – – –

Media and communication

equipment workers, all other....... 0 – – 0 – – 0 – – –

Healthcare practitioners and technical

occupations............................. 6,438 1,033 10 4,775 983 8 1,663 1,256 17 78.3

Chiropractors............................ 18 – – 2 – – 16 – – –

Dentists.................................. 61 1,908 302 22 – – 38 – – –

Dietitians and nutritionists............. 86 919 76 80 875 122 6 – – –

Optometrists............................ 28 – – 10 – – 17 – – –

Pharmacists............................. 214 1,995 74 111 1,902 43 103 2,176 118 87.4

Physicians and surgeons.............. 759 1,661 89 284 1,246 45 475 2,002 171 62.2

Physician assistants................... 71 1,619 36 49 – – 22 – – –

Podiatrists............................... 2 – – 0 – – 1 – – –

Audiologists............................. 11 – – 9 – – 2 – – –

Occupational therapists................ 80 1,146 53 72 1,139 48 7 – – –

Physical therapists..................... 193 1,387 42 118 1,307 71 74 1,478 83 88.4

Radiation therapists.................... 12 – – 7 – – 5 – – –

Recreational therapists................ 10 – – 7 – – 3 – – –

Respiratory therapists.................. 95 1,037 55 57 906 91 38 – – –

Speech-language pathologists........ 101 1,086 47 98 1,089 44 3 – – –

Exercise physiologists................. 2 – – 1 – – 1 – – –

Therapists, all other.................... 119 908 43 91 863 43 28 – – –

Veterinarians............................ 38 – – 29 – – 9 – – –

Registered nurses...................... 2,309 1,090 15 2,064 1,076 16 245 1,190 71 90.4

Nurse anesthetists..................... 24 – – 15 – – 9 – – –

Nurse midwives......................... 2 – – 2 – – 0 – – –

Nurse practitioners..................... 100 1,683 158 90 1,682 160 9 – – –

Health diagnosing and treating

practitioners, all other............... 7 – – 6 – – 1 – – –

Clinical laboratory technologists and

technicians............................ 264 824 34 194 818 31 70 878 113 93.2

Dental hygienists....................... 87 957 35 82 951 32 5 – – –

Diagnostic related technologists and

technicians............................ 256 991 24 187 940 49 70 1,156 59 81.3

Emergency medical technicians and

paramedics........................... 207 754 20 55 709 29 152 791 39 89.6
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 15

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2014

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Health practitioner support

technologists and technicians...... 443 618 12 350 618 13 93 618 27 100.0

Licensed practical and licensed

vocational nurses.................... 506 751 16 451 737 19 55 868 98 84.9

Medical records and health

information technicians.............. 120 790 58 104 796 51 16 – – –

Opticians, dispensing.................. 28 – – 17 – – 11 – – –

Miscellaneous health technologists

and technicians...................... 92 820 73 58 690 30 33 – – –

Other healthcare practitioners and

technical occupations............... 93 1,000 39 50 930 70 43 – – –

Service occupations............................ 15,019 505 2 7,398 461 4 7,622 583 4 79.1

Healthcare support occupations........... 2,368 498 4 2,060 492 4 307 560 22 87.9

Nursing, psychiatric, and home health

aides..................................... 1,364 472 6 1,200 466 6 164 528 23 88.3

Occupational therapy assistants and

aides..................................... 8 – – 5 – – 3 – – –

Physical therapist assistants and

aides..................................... 50 693 39 26 – – 23 – – –

Massage therapists....................... 41 – – 30 – – 11 – – –

Dental assistants.......................... 185 535 31 179 535 29 6 – – –

Medical assistants........................ 412 546 16 383 539 15 29 – – –

Medical transcriptionists.................. 32 – – 31 – – 1 – – –

Pharmacy aides........................... 24 – – 17 – – 7 – – –

Veterinary assistants and laboratory

animal caretakers...................... 26 – – 22 – – 4 – – –

Phlebotomists.............................. 103 533 30 84 526 26 19 – – –

Miscellaneous healthcare support

occupations, including medical

equipment preparers................... 123 509 19 83 493 21 40 – – –

Protective service occupations............. 2,740 833 13 530 617 12 2,211 886 17 69.6

First-line supervisors of correctional

officers................................... 46 – – 13 – – 33 – – –

First-line supervisors of police and

detectives................................ 120 1,127 49 17 – – 103 1,149 40 –

First-line supervisors of fire fighting

and prevention workers................ 56 1,438 100 2 – – 54 1,448 97 –

First-line supervisors of protective

service workers, all other.............. 90 913 58 16 – – 74 1,004 58 –

Firefighters................................. 291 1,138 26 16 – – 274 1,142 27 –

Fire inspectors............................. 11 – – 3 – – 9 – – –

Bailiffs, correctional officers, and

jailers..................................... 392 730 20 113 687 20 279 755 21 91.0

Detectives and criminal investigators... 162 1,173 43 32 – – 130 1,183 46 –

Fish and game wardens................. 2 – – 0 – – 2 – – –

Parking enforcement workers........... 9 – – 3 – – 6 – – –

Police and sheriff’s patrol officers....... 671 1,018 28 78 743 91 593 1,043 56 71.2

Transit and railroad police............... 3 – – 0 – – 3 – – –

Animal control workers................... 10 – – 3 – – 7 – – –

Private detectives and investigators. . .. 78 1,025 117 29 – – 49 – – –

Security guards and gaming

surveillance officers.................... 710 569 14 169 514 16 541 589 15 87.3

Crossing guards........................... 19 – – 7 – – 12 – – –

Transportation security screeners. . . . .. 28 – – 10 – – 18 – – –

Lifeguards and other recreational, and

all other protective service workers... 43 – – 18 – – 24 – – –
16 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2014

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Food preparation and serving related

occupations................................ 4,017 439 5 1,877 419 4 2,140 463 8 90.5

Chefs and head cooks................... 364 590 11 61 531 26 302 601 12 88.4

First-line supervisors of food

preparation and serving workers. . . .. 403 516 12 219 485 15 184 583 46 83.2

Cooks....................................... 1,166 413 5 392 405 8 773 416 6 97.4

Food preparation workers................ 359 406 8 181 401 11 178 411 11 97.6

Bartenders................................. 216 522 22 113 459 25 103 634 75 72.4

Combined food preparation and

serving workers, including fast

food...................................... 169 379 11 102 373 16 66 384 14 97.1

Counter attendants, cafeteria, food

concession, and coffee shop. . . . . . . .. 60 349 23 41 – – 19 – – –

Waiters and waitresses.................. 826 436 13 542 415 8 283 501 17 82.8

Food servers, nonrestaurant............ 111 502 19 64 495 19 47 – – –

Dining room and cafeteria attendants

and bartender helpers................. 151 451 36 78 420 13 73 509 70 82.5

Dishwashers............................... 128 368 10 27 – – 101 364 10 –

Hosts and hostesses, restaurant,

lounge, and coffee shop............... 62 433 30 53 418 30 9 – – –

Food preparation and serving related

workers, all other....................... 3 – – 2 – – 1 – – –

Building and grounds cleaning and

maintenance occupations................ 3,568 480 4 1,236 413 4 2,331 517 6 79.9

First-line supervisors of housekeeping

and janitorial workers.................. 153 596 17 64 500 16 89 720 44 69.4

First-line supervisors of landscaping,

lawn service, and groundskeeping

workers.................................. 91 717 25 1 – – 90 716 25 –

Janitors and building cleaners........... 1,598 502 6 438 415 7 1,160 540 11 76.9

Maids and housekeeping cleaners. . . .. 816 401 6 685 400 6 131 404 19 99.0

Pest control workers...................... 64 653 39 1 – – 62 653 39 –

Grounds maintenance workers.......... 847 459 12 47 – – 800 454 13 –

Personal care and service occupations... 2,326 487 5 1,695 455 9 632 607 13 75.0

First-line supervisors of gaming

workers.................................. 93 789 37 43 – – 51 810 63 –

First-line supervisors of personal

service workers......................... 73 567 42 46 – – 27 – – –

Animal trainers............................ 10 – – 3 – – 6 – – –

Nonfarm animal caretakers.............. 89 489 21 60 452 39 29 – – –

Gaming services workers................ 78 627 104 31 – – 47 – – –

Motion picture projectionists............. 3 – – 0 – – 3 – – –

Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket

takers.................................... 6 – – 4 – – 2 – – –

Miscellaneous entertainment

attendants and related workers....... 69 473 26 28 – – 41 – – –

Embalmers and funeral attendants. . . .. 7 – – 2 – – 5 – – –

Morticians, undertakers, and funeral

directors................................. 17 – – 3 – – 14 – – –

Barbers..................................... 42 – – 3 – – 39 – – –

Hairdressers, hairstylists, and

cosmetologists.......................... 284 482 12 271 476 16 12 – – –

Miscellaneous personal appearance

workers.................................. 166 432 67 144 422 15 22 – – –

Baggage porters, bellhops, and

concierges............................... 66 633 55 9 – – 58 664 59 –

Tour and travel guides................... 19 – – 10 – – 9 – – –
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 17

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2014

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Childcare workers......................... 406 442 20 385 444 19 21 – – –

Personal care aides...................... 667 434 13 534 425 10 133 465 24 91.4

Recreation and fitness workers......... 167 599 47 91 521 35 76 716 43 72.8

Residential advisors...................... 22 – – 14 – – 8 – – –

Personal care and service workers, all

other...................................... 42 – – 13 – – 29 – – –

Sales and office occupations................. 23,402 666 3 14,151 620 2 9,251 766 5 80.9

Sales and related occupations............. 9,626 705 7 4,215 570 8 5,411 841 12 67.8

First-line supervisors of retail sales

workers.................................. 2,317 696 11 1,022 595 8 1,295 793 24 75.0

First-line supervisors of non-retail

sales workers........................... 768 969 26 238 878 36 530 1,004 26 87.5

Cashiers.................................... 1,305 394 5 921 387 6 384 412 9 93.9

Counter and rental clerks................ 75 547 62 31 – – 45 – – –

Parts salespersons....................... 88 617 35 14 – – 74 643 49 –

Retail salespersons....................... 1,870 596 10 733 491 10 1,137 698 21 70.3

Advertising sales agents................. 194 942 73 94 871 62 100 1,041 60 83.7

Insurance sales agents................... 433 765 19 230 698 27 204 946 36 73.8

Securities, commodities, and financial

services sales agents.................. 235 1,122 85 83 883 186 152 1,356 362 65.1

Travel agents.............................. 46 – – 36 – – 10 – – –

Sales representatives, services, all

other...................................... 413 948 29 117 766 60 296 986 38 77.7

Sales representatives, wholesale and

manufacturing........................... 1,133 1,015 23 317 873 32 817 1,120 40 77.9

Models, demonstrators, and product

promoters................................ 16 – – 8– – 8 – – –

Real estate brokers and sales agents.. 416 852 44 227 726 32 189 991 28 73.3

Sales engineers........................... 41 – – 2 – – 39 – – –

Telemarketers............................. 55 526 52 37 – – 18 – – –

Door-to-door sales workers, news and

street vendors, and related

workers.................................. 38 – – 16 – – 23 – – –

Sales and related workers, all other. . .. 183 807 69 91 664 27 92 949 50 70.0

Office and administrative support

occupations................................ 13,776 651 3 9,936 637 4 3,840 701 9 90.9

First-line supervisors of office and

administrative support workers. . . . . .. 1,185 808 17 775 763 12 410 919 53 83.0

Switchboard operators, including

answering service...................... 18 – – 15 – – 3 – – –

Telephone operators...................... 27 – – 17 – – 10 – – –

Communications equipment operators,

all other.................................. 9 – – 6– – 3 – – –

Bill and account collectors............... 146 619 23 102 592 22 44 – – –

Billing and posting clerks................ 412 642 16 380 640 15 32 – – –

Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing

clerks..................................... 830 665 11 745 660 11 85 732 73 90.2

Gaming cage workers.................... 14 – – 8– – 6 – – –

Payroll and timekeeping clerks.......... 124 757 19 113 762 17 11 – – –

Procurement clerks....................... 30 – – 19 – – 11 – – –

Tellers...................................... 284 510 12 229 507 11 55 544 38 93.2

Financial clerks, all other................ 63 752 65 40 – – 23 – – –

Brokerage clerks.......................... 4 – – 4– – 0 – – –

Correspondence clerks................... 6 – – 1– – 5 – – –

Court, municipal, and license clerks. . .. 58 738 38 48 – – 10 – – –
18 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2014

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Credit authorizers, checkers, and

clerks..................................... 36 – – 24 – – 12 – – –

Customer service representatives. . . . .. 1,550 627 10 1,014 606 9 537 698 24 86.8

Eligibility interviewers, government

programs................................ 66 783 51 52 766 36 14 – – –

File clerks.................................. 160 610 13 130 613 12 29 – – –

Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks. . .. 82 426 24 52 417 16 30 – – –

Interviewers, except eligibility and

loan....................................... 124 636 32 97 620 15 27 – – –

Library assistants, clerical............... 41 – – 33 – – 7 – – –

Loan interviewers and clerks............ 131 710 28 99 692 29 31 – – –

New accounts clerks...................... 25 – – 21 – – 4 – – –

Order clerks................................ 79 600 31 51 574 54 29 – – –

Human resources assistants, except

payroll and timekeeping............... 91 754 37 80 711 46 11 – – –

Receptionists and information clerks. .. 910 540 13 825 532 13 85 616 31 86.4

Reservation and transportation ticket

agents and travel clerks............... 85 687 38 48 – – 37 – – –

Information and record clerks, all

other...................................... 75 660 40 59 658 54 17 – – –

Cargo and freight agents................ 17 – – 5 – – 12 – – –

Couriers and messengers............... 167 727 30 25 – – 142 737 25 –

Dispatchers................................ 234 710 25 138 669 41 96 764 30 87.6

Meter readers, utilities.................... 25 – – 3 – – 22 – – –

Postal service clerks...................... 98 978 26 56 935 101 43 – – –

Postal service mail carriers.............. 274 966 53 95 851 70 178 1,025 27 83.0

Postal service mail sorters,

processors, and processing machine

operators................................ 51 979 18 29 – – 22 – – –

Production, planning, and expediting

clerks..................................... 208 837 34 111 738 20 96 1,024 70 72.1

Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks... 545 592 12 169 576 21 376 603 16 95.5

Stock clerks and order fillers............ 995 508 7 337 514 12 658 504 9 102.0

Weighers, measurers, checkers, and

samplers, recordkeeping.............. 77 646 38 32 – – 45 – – –

Secretaries and administrative

assistants................................ 2,342 691 10 2,215 685 10 126 811 66 84.5

Computer operators...................... 72 764 86 37 – – 34 – – –

Data entry keyers......................... 246 626 16 195 618 16 51 673 66 91.8

Word processors and typists............ 77 622 28 63 629 46 14 – – –

Desktop publishers....................... 0 – – 0 – – 0 – – –

Insurance claims and policy

processing clerks....................... 275 647 21 225 632 21 50 709 33 89.1

Mail clerks and mail machine

operators, except postal service...... 61 567 25 33 – – 28 – – –

Office clerks, general..................... 888 630 11 753 626 10 135 662 33 94.6

Office machine operators, except

computer................................ 25 – – 17 – – 9 – – –

Proofreaders and copy markers. . . . . . .. 4 – – 4 – – 1 – – –

Statistical assistants...................... 19 – – 10 – – 8 – – –

Office and administrative support

workers, all other....................... 410 731 19 296 692 23 114 878 83 78.8

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance occupations................... 10,763 756 5 417 509 14 10,346 764 5 66.6

Farming, fishing, and forestry

occupations................................ 776 429 12 151 375 10 625 457 13 82.1
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 19

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2014

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

First-line supervisors of farming,

fishing, and forestry workers.......... 23 – – 5 – – 19 – – –

Agricultural inspectors.................... 16 – – 5 – – 11 – – –

Animal breeders........................... 1 – – 0 – – 1 – – –

Graders and sorters, agricultural

products................................. 98 389 16 53 386 16 45 – – –

Miscellaneous agricultural workers. . . .. 569 421 6 84 369 11 485 437 13 84.4

Fishers and related fishing workers. . .. 9 – – 0 – – 9 – – –

Hunters and trappers..................... 2 – – 0 – – 2 – – –

Forest and conservation workers. . . . . .. 13 – – 2 – – 12 – – –

Logging workers........................... 44 – – 2 – – 42 – – –

Construction and extraction

occupations................................ 5,756 756 8 121 691 40 5,635 757 8 91.3

First-line supervisors of construction

trades and extraction workers. . . . . . .. 540 1,027 26 12 – – 528 1,033 27 –

Boilermakers............................... 17 – – 0 – – 17 – – –

Brickmasons, blockmasons, and

stonemasons............................ 105 657 30 0 – – 105 656 30 –

Carpenters................................. 801 696 12 15 – – 786 699 12 –

Carpet, floor, and tile installers and

finishers.................................. 94 683 22 2 – – 92 687 22 –

Cement masons, concrete finishers,

and terrazzo workers.................. 41 – – 0 – – 41 – – –

Construction laborers..................... 1,221 605 10 22 – – 1,199 605 11 –

Paving, surfacing, and tamping

equipment operators................... 12 – – 1 – – 11 – – –

Pile-driver operators...................... 2 – – 0 – – 2 – – –

Operating engineers and other

construction equipment operators. . .. 310 864 45 6 – – 305 862 46 –

Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers,

and tapers............................... 119 597 24 1 – – 118 595 24 –

Electricians................................. 640 883 28 16 – – 624 884 28 –

Glaziers.................................... 28 – – 0 – – 27 – – –

Insulation workers......................... 41 – – 3 – – 38 – – –

Painters, construction and

maintenance............................ 358 563 22 16 – – 342 562 22 –

Paperhangers.............................. 2 – – 0 – – 2 – – –

Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and

steamfitters.............................. 486 913 25 8 – – 478 916 25 –

Plasterers and stucco masons.......... 22 – – 0 – – 22 – – –

Reinforcing iron and rebar workers..... 8 – – 0 – – 8 – – –

Roofers..................................... 136 618 22 1 – – 135 620 22 –

Sheet metal workers...................... 113 868 47 2 – – 111 857 52 –

Structural iron and steel workers. . . . . .. 47 – – 0 – – 47 – – –

Solar photovoltaic installers.............. 12 – – 0 – – 12 – – –

Helpers, construction trades............. 51 513 12 2 – – 48 – – –

Construction and building inspectors. .. 59 1,031 44 5 – – 54 1,028 48 –

Elevator installers and repairers. . . . . . .. 21 – – 0 – – 21 – – –

Fence erectors............................ 31 – – 0 – – 31 – – –

Hazardous materials removal

workers.................................. 22 – – 1 – – 21 – – –

Highway maintenance workers.......... 116 794 24 1 – – 115 794 26 –

Rail-track laying and maintenance

equipment operators................... 16 – – 0 – – 16 – – –

Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe

cleaners.................................. 13 – – 0 – – 13 – – –
20 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2014

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Miscellaneous construction and related

workers.................................. 19 – – 2 – – 17 – – –

Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit

operators, oil, gas, and mining. . . . . .. 53 1,187 114 0 – – 53 1,187 114 –

Earth drillers, except oil and gas........ 25 – – 0 – – 25 – – –

Explosives workers, ordnance

handling experts, and blasters........ 6 – – 0 – – 6 – – –

Mining machine operators............... 59 1,042 190 1 – – 59 1,047 188 –

Roof bolters, mining...................... 4 – – 0 – – 4 – – –

Roustabouts, oil and gas................ 11 – – 1 – – 11 – – –

Helpers--extraction workers.............. 8 – – 0 – – 8 – – –

Other extraction workers................. 86 1,120 122 1 – – 85 1,126 72 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair

occupations................................ 4,231 821 9 146 725 63 4,085 824 9 88.0

First-line supervisors of mechanics,

installers, and repairers................ 289 1,022 28 17 – – 272 1,040 32 –

Computer, automated teller, and office

machine repairers...................... 232 880 33 31 – – 201 889 35 –

Radio and telecommunications

equipment installers and repairers. .. 118 859 53 9 – – 109 846 56 –

Avionics technicians...................... 8 – – 1 – – 7 – – –

Electric motor, power tool, and related

repairers................................. 25 – – 0 – – 25 – – –

Electrical and electronics installers and

repairers, transportation equipment... 4 – – 0 – – 4 – – –

Electrical and electronics repairers,

industrial and utility..................... 20 – – 0 – – 20 – – –

Electronic equipment installers and

repairers, motor vehicles.............. 18 – – 0 – – 18 – – –

Electronic home entertainment

equipment installers and repairers. .. 23 – – 0 – – 23 – – –

Security and fire alarm systems

installers................................. 45 – – 3 – – 43 – – –

Aircraft mechanics and service

technicians.............................. 121 1,080 68 4 – – 117 1,062 88 –

Automotive body and related

repairers................................. 109 665 43 3 – – 106 668 44 –

Automotive glass installers and

repairers................................. 17 – – 0 – – 17 – – –

Automotive service technicians and

mechanics............................... 722 734 13 16 – – 706 737 13 –

Bus and truck mechanics and diesel

engine specialists...................... 285 813 25 2 – – 283 811 25 –

Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment

service technicians and mechanics... 210 885 20 1 – – 209 886 20 –

Small engine mechanics................. 38 – – 1 – – 37 – – –

Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile

equipment mechanics, installers,

and repairers............................ 64 559 59 0 – – 64 559 59 –

Control and valve installers and

repairers................................. 21 – – 0 – – 21 – – –

Heating, air conditioning, and

refrigeration mechanics and

installers................................. 322 769 23 3 – – 318 773 23 –

Home appliance repairers............... 32 – – 0 – – 32 – – –

Industrial and refractory machinery

mechanics............................... 409 876 20 11 – – 398 876 20 –
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 21

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2014

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Maintenance and repair workers,

general................................... 403 813 34 12 – – 391 812 33 –

Maintenance workers, machinery....... 32 – – 2 – – 30 – – –

Millwrights.................................. 49 – – 1 – – 49 – – –

Electrical power-line installers and

repairers................................. 108 1,013 43 4 – – 105 1,018 51 –

Telecommunications line installers and

repairers................................. 170 869 42 7 – – 163 877 45 –

Precision instrument and equipment

repairers................................. 68 818 29 8 – – 60 836 43 –

Wind turbine service technicians........ 5 – – 1 – – 4 –– –

Coin, vending, and amusement

machine servicers and repairers. . . .. 32 – – 4 – – 28 – – –

Commercial divers........................ 2 – – 0 – – 2 –– –

Locksmiths and safe repairers.......... 19 – – 0 – – 19 – – –

Manufactured building and mobile

home installers.......................... 0 – – 0 – – 0 –– –

Riggers..................................... 14 – – 0 – – 14 – – –

Signal and track switch repairers. . . . . .. 8 – – 0 – – 8 –– –

Helpers--installation, maintenance, and

repair workers........................... 12 – – 0 – – 12 – – –

Other installation, maintenance, and

repair workers........................... 177 804 32 6 – – 170 811 32 –

Production, transportation, and material

moving occupations......................... 14,326 642 4 2,852 504 4 11,474 689 4 73.1

Production occupations..................... 7,481 646 5 1,935 502 4 5,546 711 5 70.6

First-line supervisors of production and

operating workers...................... 766 903 14 134 659 50 631 942 33 70.0

Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging,

and systems assemblers.............. 16 – – 4 – – 12 – – –

Electrical, electronics, and

electromechanical assemblers........ 159 547 34 68 506 14 91 598 34 84.6

Engine and other machine

assemblers.............................. 9 – – 3 – – 6 –– –

Structural metal fabricators and

fitters..................................... 24 – – 0 – – 24 – – –

Miscellaneous assemblers and

fabricators............................... 926 592 9 337 506 12 589 633 16 79.9

Bakers...................................... 148 492 14 84 469 34 64 518 21 90.5

Butchers and other meat, poultry, and

fish processing workers............... 287 512 10 70 457 30 217 537 19 85.1

Food and tobacco roasting, baking,

and drying machine operators and

tenders................................... 5 – – 4 – – 1 –– –

Food batchmakers........................ 82 473 22 44 – – 38 – – –

Food cooking machine operators and

tenders................................... 11 – – 7 – – 4 –– –

Food processing workers, all other. . . .. 110 637 48 30 – – 80 651 58 –

Computer control programmers and

operators................................ 79 759 62 6 – – 73 790 45 –

Extruding and drawing machine

setters, operators, and tenders,

metal and plastic....................... 13 – – 1 – – 12 – – –

Forging machine setters, operators,

and tenders, metal and plastic. . . . . .. 5 – – 1 – – 4 –– –

Rolling machine setters, operators,

and tenders, metal and plastic. . . . . .. 9 – – 3 – – 6 –– –
22 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2014

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Cutting, punching, and press machine

setters, operators, and tenders,

metal and plastic....................... 83 620 38 20 – – 63 663 73 –

Drilling and boring machine tool

setters, operators, and tenders,

metal and plastic....................... 2 – – 0 – – 2 – – –

Grinding, lapping, polishing, and

buffing machine tool setters,

operators, and tenders, metal and

plastic.................................... 45 – – 6 – – 38 – – –

Lathe and turning machine tool

setters, operators, and tenders,

metal and plastic....................... 6 – – 0 – – 6 – – –

Milling and planing machine setters,

operators, and tenders, metal and

plastic.................................... 3 – – 0 – – 3 – – –

Machinists.................................. 351 764 25 12 – – 339 770 23 –

Metal furnace operators, tenders,

pourers, and casters................... 26 – – 0 – – 26 – – –

Model makers and patternmakers,

metal and plastic....................... 4 – – 2 – – 2 – – –

Molders and molding machine setters,

operators, and tenders, metal and

plastic.................................... 34 – – 3 – – 31 – – –

Multiple machine tool setters,

operators, and tenders, metal and

plastic.................................... 4 – – 2 – – 2 – – –

Tool and die makers...................... 60 1,020 57 1 – – 59 1,025 73 –

Welding, soldering, and brazing

workers.................................. 551 723 16 25 – – 526 733 20 –

Heat treating equipment setters,

operators, and tenders, metal and

plastic.................................... 4 – – 1 – – 3 – – –

Layout workers, metal and plastic. . . . .. 9 – – 1 – – 8 – – –

Plating and coating machine setters,

operators, and tenders, metal and

plastic.................................... 24 – – 2 – – 22 – – –

Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners. .. 7 – – 0 – – 7 – – –

Metal workers and plastic workers, all

other...................................... 333 624 16 71 511 19 262 647 20 79.0

Prepress technicians and workers...... 20 – – 7 – – 13 – – –

Printing press operators.................. 173 646 36 32 – – 140 686 36 –

Print binding and finishing workers. . . .. 18 – – 10 – – 8 – – –

Laundry and dry-cleaning workers...... 128 417 15 80 410 19 48 – – –

Pressers, textile, garment, and related

materials................................. 30 – – 17 – – 13 – – –

Sewing machine operators.............. 114 440 23 95 432 24 19 – – –

Shoe and leather workers and

repairers................................. 2 – – 0 – – 2 – – –

Shoe machine operators and tenders... 1 – – 1 – – 0 – – –

Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers. . . . .. 42 – – 31 – – 11 – – –

Textile bleaching and dyeing machine

operators and tenders................. 3 – – 0 – – 3 – – –

Textile cutting machine setters,

operators, and tenders................ 8 – – 1 – – 7 – – –

Textile knitting and weaving machine

setters, operators, and tenders....... 6 – – 2 – – 4 – – –
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 23

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2014

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Textile winding, twisting, and drawing

out machine setters, operators, and

tenders................................... 12 – – 7 – – 4 – – –

Extruding and forming machine

setters, operators, and tenders,

synthetic and glass fibers............. 0 – – 0 – – 0 – – –

Fabric and apparel patternmakers...... 1 – – 1 – – 0 – – –

Upholsterers............................... 22 – – 2 – – 20 – – –

Textile, apparel, and furnishings

workers, all other....................... 11 – – 5 – – 6 – – –

Cabinetmakers and bench

carpenters............................... 30 – – 3 – – 26 – – –

Furniture finishers......................... 5 – – 0 – – 5 – – –

Model makers and patternmakers,

wood..................................... 0 – – 0 – – 0 – – –

Sawing machine setters, operators,

and tenders, wood..................... 27 – – 2 – – 25 – – –

Woodworking machine setters,

operators, and tenders, except

sawing................................... 19 – – 2 – – 17 – – –

Woodworkers, all other................... 16 – – 3 – – 13 – – –

Power plant operators, distributors,

and dispatchers......................... 47 – – 4 – – 43 – – –

Stationary engineers and boiler

operators................................ 93 1,044 45 2 – – 92 1,051 45 –

Water and wastewater treatment plant

and system operators.................. 69 833 44 3 – – 66 835 48 –

Miscellaneous plant and system

operators................................ 39 – – 2 – – 36 – – –

Chemical processing machine setters,

operators, and tenders................ 55 818 39 2 – – 53 831 76 –

Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing,

and blending workers.................. 67 686 31 7 – – 60 694 30 –

Cutting workers............................ 43 – – 7 – – 36 – – –

Extruding, forming, pressing, and

compacting machine setters,

operators, and tenders................ 39 – – 9 – – 29 – – –

Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle

operators and tenders................. 11 – – 2 – – 9 – – –

Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers,

and weighers............................ 675 728 24 231 578 20 443 820 28 70.5

Jewelers and precious stone and

metal workers........................... 24 – – 8 – – 16 – – –

Medical, dental, and ophthalmic

laboratory technicians.................. 71 626 36 43 – – 29 – – –

Packaging and filling machine

operators and tenders................. 239 490 12 133 477 13 106 522 28 91.4

Painting workers.......................... 132 694 29 12 – – 120 703 28 –

Photographic process workers and

processing machine operators........ 21 – – 10 – – 11 – – –

Semiconductor processors............... 1 – – 1 – – 0 – – –

Adhesive bonding machine operators

and tenders............................. 5 – – 3 – – 2 – – –

Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling

equipment operators and tenders. . .. 5 – – 1 – – 4 – – –

Cooling and freezing equipment

operators and tenders................. 4 – – 0 – – 4 – – –

Etchers and engravers................... 9 – – 3 – – 7 – – –
24 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2014

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Molders, shapers, and casters, except

metal and plastic....................... 21 – – 4 – – 17 – – –

Paper goods machine setters,

operators, and tenders................ 29 – – 2 – – 27 – – –

Tire builders............................... 11 – – 0 – – 11 – – –

Helpers--production workers............. 42 – – 11 – – 31 – – –

Production workers, all other............ 850 621 16 191 492 13 659 676 17 72.8

Transportation and material moving

occupations................................ 6,845 637 6 918 510 13 5,927 664 7 76.8

Supervisors of transportation and

material moving workers.............. 181 829 94 33 – – 148 925 38 –

Aircraft pilots and flight engineers. . . . .. 113 1,427 70 7 – – 106 1,446 82 –

Air traffic controllers and airfield

operations specialists.................. 31 – – 5 – – 27 – – –

Flight attendants.......................... 65 857 55 48 – – 17 – – –

Ambulance drivers and attendants,

except emergency medical

technicians.............................. 15 – – 2 – – 13 – – –

Bus drivers................................. 327 602 15 136 582 22 191 616 19 94.5

Driver/sales workers and truck

drivers.................................... 2,658 732 8 103 545 41 2,555 739 9 73.7

Taxi drivers and chauffeurs.............. 250 608 22 29 – – 221 609 22 –

Motor vehicle operators, all other....... 26 – – 4 – – 22 – – –

Locomotive engineers and operators... 56 1,187 51 2 – – 55 1,197 51 –

Railroad brake, signal, and switch

operators................................ 8 – – 0 – – 8 – – –

Railroad conductors and yardmasters.. 48 – – 4 – – 44 – – –

Subway, streetcar, and other rail

transportation workers................. 16 – – 0 – – 16 – – –

Sailors and marine oilers................ 21 – – 2 – – 19 – – –

Ship and boat captains and

operators................................ 38 – – 0 – – 38 – – –

Ship engineers............................ 7 – – 0 – – 7 – – –

Bridge and lock tenders.................. 5 – – 0 – – 5 – – –

Parking lot attendants.................... 60 440 42 5 – – 55 441 40 –

Automotive and watercraft service

attendants............................... 77 512 26 4 – – 72 518 26 –

Transportation inspectors................ 53 909 88 12 – – 41 – – –

Transportation attendants, except flight

attendants............................... 24 – – 10 – – 13 – – –

Other transportation workers............ 21 – – 2 – – 19 – – –

Conveyor operators and tenders........ 7 – – 2 – – 6 – – –

Crane and tower operators.............. 73 959 38 0 – – 73 959 38 –

Dredge, excavating, and loading

machine operators..................... 30 – – 0 – – 30 – – –

Hoist and winch operators............... 6 – – 1 – – 5 – – –

Industrial truck and tractor operators. .. 534 594 10 38 – – 497 595 10 –

Cleaners of vehicles and equipment. .. 255 482 16 34 – – 221 480 17 –

Laborers and freight, stock, and

material movers, hand................. 1,358 533 12 221 476 19 1,138 546 12 87.2

Machine feeders and offbearers. . . . . . .. 14 – – 4 – – 10 – – –

Packers and packagers, hand........... 347 413 9 207 395 11 140 459 31 86.1

Pumping station operators............... 21 – – 0 – – 21 – – –

Refuse and recyclable material

collectors................................ 54 550 70 3 – – 51 564 68 –
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 25

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2014

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Mine shuttle car operators............... 1 – – 0 – – 1 – – –

Tank car, truck, and ship loaders....... 6 – – 0 – – 6 – – –

Material moving workers, all other...... 39 – – 2 – – 36 – – –

Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women’s earnings as a percentage of men’s are not shown where

employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
26 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by state, 2014 annual averages

State

Total Women Men

Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

United States. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,526 $791 $2 47,076 $719 $3 59,450 $871 $3 82.5

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,550 738 17 680 621 15 870 832 20 74.6

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 906 15 113 797 21 142 1,008 24 79.1

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,112 753 11 928 669 15 1,184 827 23 80.9

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932 657 14 428 610 13 504 703 20 86.8

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,071 828 9 5,152 785 11 6,919 879 13 89.3

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,864 879 15 789 784 21 1,075 964 23 81.3

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,211 981 25 556 862 24 655 1,089 41 79.2

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 782 17 154 733 18 170 837 26 87.6

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 1,138 15 143 1,115 37 144 1,161 24 96.0

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,682 741 5 3,131 667 9 3,551 804 14 83.0

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,297 745 10 1,488 675 23 1,810 806 27 83.7

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463 760 13 214 739 14 249 796 26 92.8

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 713 13 197 648 15 300 758 15 85.5

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,418 811 11 1,983 753 9 2,435 874 16 86.2

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,240 746 12 976 649 18 1,264 819 20 79.2

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,171 750 12 531 667 18 640 823 25 81.0

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,011 787 14 427 680 19 584 862 21 78.9

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,396 704 17 633 608 15 763 797 24 76.3

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,547 715 11 683 623 14 864 804 30 77.5

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 758 15 204 676 24 233 820 23 82.4

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,206 947 18 1,021 870 34 1,185 1,001 39 86.9

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,311 974 16 1,030 878 26 1,281 1,048 27 83.8

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,131 818 13 1,349 726 15 1,782 903 15 80.4

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,977 875 17 883 801 16 1,094 951 24 84.2

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867 681 15 403 605 13 463 759 20 79.7

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,042 792 16 926 707 21 1,116 908 27 77.9

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 711 15 140 597 10 173 808 21 73.9

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710 735 13 317 654 19 393 808 23 80.9

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 964 691 11 412 637 13 552 742 13 85.8

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494 875 21 220 778 26 275 958 28 81.2

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,099 911 15 1,354 779 17 1,744 1,014 17 76.8

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602 735 16 261 630 19 341 812 37 77.6

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,660 882 10 3,067 808 13 3,594 955 14 84.6

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,229 712 10 1,472 657 12 1,758 763 12 86.1

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 786 13 121 686 17 165 885 18 77.5

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,910 754 9 1,766 663 9 2,144 846 12 78.4

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,263 704 11 552 616 14 711 787 18 78.3

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,215 815 23 526 741 17 689 901 23 82.2

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,423 812 10 1,982 716 14 2,441 909 19 78.8

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 859 22 166 753 21 189 961 29 78.4

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,563 704 16 725 623 13 838 784 24 79.5

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 696 10 135 616 11 159 783 18 78.7

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,983 696 12 858 657 18 1,124 728 19 90.2

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,471 748 7 3,971 671 11 5,500 820 13 81.8

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 982 773 12 360 646 18 622 882 17 73.2

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 811 16 103 762 18 121 854 21 89.2

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,036 917 20 1,362 826 33 1,674 988 21 83.6

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,324 918 21 957 807 23 1,367 996 20 81.0

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566 740 13 246 643 29 319 832 22 77.3

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,048 808 12 900 720 24 1,148 884 19 81.4

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 860 16 82 678 15 129 1,002 25 67.7

Note: In general, the sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national estimates; thus, comparisons of state estimates should be made

with caution. Data shown are based on workers’ state of residence; workers’ reported earnings, however, may or may not be from a job located in the same state.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 27

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by selected demographic

characteristics, 2014 annual averages

Characteristic

Total Women Men

Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Age

Total, 16 years and older...................... 24,707 $240 $1 16,224 $242 $2 8,484 $236 $2 102.5

16 to 24 years................................ 8,418 183 2 4,782 179 2 3,635 189 2 94.7

16 to 19 years............................. 3,299 147 2 1,846 144 3 1,453 149 3 96.6

20 to 24 years............................. 5,119 209 2 2,937 204 2 2,182 215 3 94.9

25 years and older.......................... 16,290 277 2 11,441 275 2 4,848 282 3 97.5

25 to 34 years............................. 4,387 269 3 2,885 264 3 1,502 279 5 94.6

35 to 44 years............................. 3,325 294 4 2,533 294 5 792 293 7 100.3

45 to 54 years............................. 3,137 295 4 2,453 295 4 684 294 7 100.3

55 to 64 years............................. 3,133 281 4 2,277 280 5 856 285 8 98.2

65 years and older........................ 2,309 247 4 1,294 234 5 1,015 265 6 88.3

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White............................................. 19,721 244 1 13,128 246 2 6,593 239 2 102.9

Black or African American.................... 2,897 220 3 1,795 219 3 1,102 223 4 98.2

Asian............................................. 1,201 249 6 769 256 7 432 237 9 108.0

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................... 4,075 232 3 2,499 223 3 1,576 251 5 88.8

Marital Status

Never married................................... 11,831 204 1 6,616 200 2 5,215 210 2 95.2

Married, spouse present....................... 9,474 292 3 7,013 292 3 2,461 292 4 100.0

Other marital status............................ 3,403 261 3 2,595 256 3 808 277 7 92.4

Divorced...................................... 1,944 268 4 1,442 265 5 503 277 9 95.7

Separated..................................... 784 257 5 600 250 6 184 282 11 88.7

Widowed...................................... 674 245 7 553 241 7 121 267 19 90.3

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all

race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
28 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours usually worked, 2014 annual

averages

Hours of work

Total Women Men

Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Total, 16 years and older...................... 131,431 $679 $2 63,383 $590 $2 68,048 $777 $3 75.9

0 to 34 hours................................. 22,350 244 1 14,759 246 1 7,591 239 2 102.9

0 to 4 hours................................ 514 64 3 337 60 3 177 71 5 84.5

5 to 9 hours................................ 1,187 79 3 817 80 3 370 77 5 103.9

10 to 14 hours............................. 1,864 114 1 1,248 116 1 616 110 2 105.5

15 to 19 hours............................. 2,621 163 1 1,757 166 2 864 157 2 105.7

20 to 24 hours............................. 6,485 219 1 4,208 223 2 2,277 212 2 105.2

25 to 29 hours............................. 3,495 268 2 2,338 269 2 1,157 265 3 101.5

30 to 34 hours............................. 6,185 337 3 4,054 350 4 2,130 320 3 109.4

35 hours and over........................... 101,298 796 2 45,058 726 3 56,240 875 3 83.0

35 to 39 hours............................. 7,978 510 5 5,302 530 6 2,676 466 8 113.7

40 hours.................................... 72,018 740 2 33,079 696 3 38,938 779 3 89.3

41 hours and over........................ 21,302 1,209 8 6,677 1,099 14 14,625 1,265 8 86.9

41 to 44 hours.......................... 1,166 886 17 469 848 25 697 912 22 93.0

45 to 48 hours.......................... 5,629 1,052 10 2,023 996 15 3,606 1,094 17 91.0

49 to 59 hours.......................... 9,611 1,276 11 3,003 1,194 24 6,608 1,336 13 89.4

60 hours and over...................... 4,896 1,387 17 1,183 1,161 17 3,714 1,468 21 79.1

Hours vary.................................... 7,783 472 8 3,565 336 7 4,218 617 10 54.5

Usually less than 35 hours.............. 2,358 203 4 1,464 193 5 893 217 6 88.9

Usually 35 or more hours................ 5,228 678 13 2,018 518 15 3,210 796 14 65.1

Note: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full-time and part-time workers. Estimates for the ′′hours vary′′ groups do not sum to totals because data

are not presented for a small number of multiple jobholders whose usual number of hours on the principal job is not identifiable.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 29

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 6. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected demographic

characteristics, 2014 annual averages

[In thousands]

Characteristic Total

employed

Number of workers by usual weekly earnings

Under

$350.00

$350.00

to

$499.99

$500.00

to

$599.99

$600.00

to

$749.99

$750.00

to

$999.99

$1,000.00

to

$1,199.99

$1,200.00

to

$1,999.99

$2,000.00

or

more

Age

Total, 16 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,526 7,387 16,398 10,133 14,341 18,452 10,857 19,615 9,343

16 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,583 1,930 3,304 1,255 1,361 945 350 352 86

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,144 465 418 97 99 37 15 7 6

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,439 1,465 2,886 1,158 1,262 908 336 345 80

25 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,943 5,457 13,093 8,877 12,980 17,507 10,507 19,263 9,258

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,722 1,767 4,531 2,874 4,031 4,825 2,634 3,905 1,155

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,589 1,276 3,073 2,096 3,158 4,397 2,702 5,223 2,666

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,359 1,263 2,985 2,124 3,165 4,543 2,773 5,580 2,925

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,607 792 2,025 1,457 2,195 3,162 2,054 3,830 2,093

65 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,665 360 478 327 431 580 344 726 419

Women, 16 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,076 4,032 8,465 5,160 6,730 8,339 4,544 7,247 2,560

16 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,090 935 1,472 547 585 350 100 90 11

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443 212 159 30 27 10 3 3 1

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,647 723 1,313 517 558 340 97 88 11

25 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,986 3,097 6,993 4,613 6,145 7,989 4,444 7,157 2,549

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,083 905 2,185 1,320 1,749 2,129 1,087 1,363 346

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,633 720 1,637 1,063 1,455 1,982 1,122 1,928 727

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,558 775 1,742 1,221 1,565 2,159 1,219 2,083 795

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,062 492 1,181 842 1,167 1,443 869 1,481 587

65 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,650 205 249 169 208 277 147 302 94

Men, 16 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,450 3,356 7,933 4,972 7,612 10,113 6,313 12,368 6,784

16 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,493 995 1,833 708 776 595 250 261 75

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701 254 259 67 72 27 12 4 5

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,792 741 1,573 641 704 568 238 257 69

25 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,957 2,361 6,100 4,264 6,836 9,518 6,063 12,107 6,709

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,639 863 2,347 1,554 2,282 2,696 1,547 2,542 808

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,957 555 1,437 1,033 1,703 2,415 1,580 3,295 1,939

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,801 488 1,243 903 1,600 2,384 1,554 3,498 2,130

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,545 299 844 615 1,027 1,719 1,185 2,348 1,506

65 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,016 155 229 159 223 304 197 424 325

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,177 5,362 12,236 7,756 11,315 14,780 8,860 16,120 7,748

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,119 2,965 6,161 3,862 5,243 6,527 3,579 5,779 2,002

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,058 2,397 6,075 3,894 6,072 8,253 5,281 10,340 5,746

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,910 1,386 2,773 1,569 1,861 2,172 1,097 1,544 508

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,781 731 1,626 893 964 1,084 559 696 229

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,129 655 1,148 676 897 1,088 538 848 280

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,273 382 754 446 686 971 639 1,489 907

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,784 207 387 236 328 478 295 588 265

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,488 175 367 209 358 493 344 901 642

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,475 2,077 4,501 2,132 2,620 2,585 1,155 1,786 619

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,721 1,019 1,862 839 941 944 392 567 156

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,754 1,058 2,639 1,292 1,679 1,640 763 1,219 463

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People

of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
30 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 7. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by marital status and presence

and age of own children under 18 years old, 2014 annual averages

Characteristic

Number of

workers (in

thousands)

Median weekly

earnings

Standard error of

median

Women

Total, all marital statuses............................................................................. 47,076 $719 $3

With children under 18 years old.................................................................. 16,889 722 5

With children 6 to 17, none younger........................................................... 10,279 738 5

With children under 6 years old................................................................. 6,609 693 8

With no children under 18 years old.............................................................. 30,188 718 3

Total, married, spouse present....................................................................... 24,218 787 4

With children under 18 years old.................................................................. 11,094 812 7

With children 6 to 17, none younger........................................................... 6,693 806 9

With children under 6 years old................................................................. 4,402 821 11

With no children under 18 years old.............................................................. 13,124 770 4

Total, other marital statuses1

......................................................................... 22,858 639 4

With children under 18 years old.................................................................. 5,794 582 4

With children 6 to 17, none younger........................................................... 3,587 624 7

With children under 6 years old................................................................. 2,208 505 5

With no children under 18 years old.............................................................. 17,064 667 4

Men

Total, all marital statuses............................................................................. 59,450 871 3

With children under 18 years old.................................................................. 21,627 966 6

With children 6 to 17, none younger........................................................... 11,748 1,014 7

With children under 6 years old................................................................. 9,879 898 8

With no children under 18 years old.............................................................. 37,823 817 4

Total, married, spouse present....................................................................... 35,079 1,001 4

With children under 18 years old.................................................................. 19,022 1,008 5

With children 6 to 17, none younger........................................................... 10,463 1,046 11

With children under 6 years old................................................................. 8,559 965 9

With no children under 18 years old.............................................................. 16,057 994 6

Total, other marital statuses1

......................................................................... 24,371 707 4

With children under 18 years old.................................................................. 2,605 692 10

With children 6 to 17, none younger........................................................... 1,285 807 15

With children under 6 years old................................................................. 1,320 598 8

With no children under 18 years old.............................................................. 21,766 710 4

1 Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed persons.

Note: Children refer to ′′own′′ children and include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Excluded are other related children such as

grandchildren, nieces, nephews, and cousins, as well as unrelated children.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 31

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 8. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected characteristics,

2014 annual averages

Characteristic

Total Women Men

Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

hourly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

hourly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

hourly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Age

Total, 16 years and older...................... 77,207 $13.14 $0.03 38,802 $12.18 $0.03 38,405 $14.39 $0.08 84.6

16 to 24 years................................ 15,324 9.55 0.04 7,623 9.14 0.02 7,701 9.89 0.02 92.4

16 to 19 years............................. 4,178 8.43 0.04 2,172 8.29 0.04 2,006 8.63 0.06 96.1

20 to 24 years............................. 11,146 9.98 0.02 5,451 9.77 0.04 5,695 10.15 0.02 96.3

25 years and older.......................... 61,883 14.80 0.03 31,179 13.50 0.07 30,704 15.76 0.07 85.7

25 to 34 years............................. 17,955 13.13 0.05 8,431 12.25 0.07 9,523 14.08 0.06 87.0

35 to 44 years............................. 14,507 15.11 0.04 7,147 14.00 0.09 7,361 16.55 0.19 84.6

45 to 54 years............................. 15,053 15.39 0.12 7,884 14.14 0.08 7,168 17.41 0.19 81.2

55 to 64 years............................. 11,031 15.36 0.13 5,908 14.19 0.12 5,123 17.46 0.24 81.3

65 years and older........................ 3,338 13.02 0.13 1,809 12.47 0.27 1,529 13.98 0.21 89.2

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White............................................. 60,245 13.57 0.06 29,825 12.38 0.06 30,420 14.86 0.03 83.3

Black or African American.................... 10,669 11.88 0.04 5,824 11.57 0.11 4,845 12.21 0.13 94.8

Asian............................................. 3,498 14.00 0.13 1,828 13.23 0.38 1,670 14.66 0.28 90.2

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................... 15,301 11.83 0.04 6,645 10.72 0.09 8,656 12.38 0.14 86.6

Marital Status

Never married................................... 29,460 10.61 0.06 13,948 10.11 0.02 15,512 11.19 0.07 90.3

Married, spouse present....................... 34,863 15.21 0.05 16,910 14.11 0.05 17,953 16.90 0.06 83.5

Other marital status............................ 12,884 13.89 0.07 7,944 12.85 0.08 4,941 15.40 0.20 83.4

Divorced...................................... 8,260 14.76 0.11 5,000 13.42 0.14 3,260 16.20 0.23 82.8

Separated..................................... 3,110 12.32 0.16 1,751 11.79 0.15 1,358 13.82 0.36 85.3

Widowed...................................... 1,515 12.80 0.22 1,193 12.22 0.17 322 14.99 0.28 81.5

Union Affiliation1

Members of unions2............................ 8,646 19.02 0.14 3,406 16.58 0.24 5,240 20.17 0.13 82.2

Represented by unions3

....................... 9,489 18.76 0.18 3,811 16.23 0.19 5,678 20.07 0.08 80.9

Not represented by a union................... 67,718 12.57 0.05 34,991 11.95 0.03 32,727 13.61 0.08 87.8

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and older...................... 61,883 14.80 0.03 31,179 13.50 0.07 30,704 15.76 0.07 85.7

Less than a high school diploma.......... 6,767 10.82 0.08 2,612 9.80 0.04 4,155 12.00 0.06 81.7

High school graduates, no college. . . . . . .. 21,775 13.97 0.05 9,951 12.13 0.04 11,824 15.51 0.13 78.2

Some college or associate degree........ 20,443 14.97 0.03 11,024 13.77 0.08 9,419 16.76 0.15 82.2

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............. 12,898 18.94 0.17 7,592 18.69 0.25 5,307 19.18 0.31 97.4

1 Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective

bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, industry, and geographic region.

2 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.

3 Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association

contract.

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all

race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
32 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 9. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and selected

demographic characteristics, 2014 annual averages

[In thousands]

Characteristic Total

employed

Number of workers by hourly earnings

Under

$6.00

$6.00

to

$7.99

$8.00

to

$9.99

$10.00

to

$11.99

$12.00

to

$14.99

$15.00

to

$19.99

$20.00

or

more

Age

Total, 16 years and older................................ 77,207 1,276 3,859 13,681 12,536 13,036 14,622 18,198

16 to 24 years.......................................... 15,324 507 2,072 5,516 3,321 2,043 1,314 551

16 to 19 years....................................... 4,178 150 1,091 1,907 633 255 105 37

20 to 24 years....................................... 11,146 356 981 3,609 2,688 1,788 1,209 514

25 years and older..................................... 61,883 769 1,787 8,165 9,214 10,993 13,308 17,647

25 to 34 years....................................... 17,955 385 659 2,812 3,149 3,539 3,782 3,628

35 to 44 years....................................... 14,507 151 390 1,830 1,931 2,444 3,226 4,534

45 to 54 years....................................... 15,053 125 342 1,719 2,024 2,512 3,291 5,039

55 to 64 years....................................... 11,031 85 256 1,224 1,481 1,913 2,423 3,648

65 years and older.................................. 3,338 23 139 580 628 585 585 798

Women, 16 years and older............................. 38,802 865 2,287 8,022 6,685 6,837 6,577 7,530

16 to 24 years.......................................... 7,623 335 1,165 2,998 1,547 886 507 185

16 to 19 years....................................... 2,172 90 616 1,039 279 104 27 16

20 to 24 years....................................... 5,451 244 548 1,959 1,268 783 480 169

25 years and older..................................... 31,179 530 1,122 5,024 5,138 5,951 6,070 7,345

25 to 34 years....................................... 8,431 263 386 1,577 1,546 1,679 1,528 1,453

35 to 44 years....................................... 7,147 104 231 1,127 1,094 1,302 1,438 1,851

45 to 54 years....................................... 7,884 89 227 1,184 1,231 1,469 1,579 2,105

55 to 64 years....................................... 5,908 57 187 808 897 1,170 1,235 1,553

65 years and older.................................. 1,809 16 91 328 371 331 289 383

Men, 16 years and older................................. 38,405 411 1,573 5,659 5,850 6,199 8,045 10,668

16 to 24 years.......................................... 7,701 172 907 2,518 1,774 1,157 807 365

16 to 19 years....................................... 2,006 60 474 868 354 152 78 21

20 to 24 years....................................... 5,695 112 433 1,650 1,420 1,005 730 345

25 years and older..................................... 30,704 239 665 3,141 4,076 5,042 7,238 10,303

25 to 34 years....................................... 9,523 122 274 1,235 1,604 1,860 2,254 2,175

35 to 44 years....................................... 7,361 47 159 702 838 1,143 1,788 2,684

45 to 54 years....................................... 7,168 36 115 536 793 1,042 1,712 2,935

55 to 64 years....................................... 5,123 28 69 416 584 743 1,189 2,094

65 years and older.................................. 1,529 7 48 252 258 254 296 415

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White....................................................... 60,245 1,049 2,818 10,224 9,375 10,108 11,794 14,876

Women.................................................. 29,825 713 1,692 5,973 5,021 5,211 5,237 5,977

Men...................................................... 30,420 336 1,126 4,251 4,354 4,897 6,557 8,899

Black or African American............................... 10,669 117 738 2,313 2,078 1,925 1,669 1,829

Women.................................................. 5,824 71 433 1,399 1,115 1,117 803 886

Men...................................................... 4,845 46 305 913 963 807 866 944

Asian....................................................... 3,498 50 123 591 578 527 650 979

Women.................................................. 1,828 34 69 332 304 283 332 474

Men...................................................... 1,670 16 53 259 274 244 318 506

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.............................. 15,301 176 738 3,590 3,063 2,775 2,671 2,289

Women.................................................. 6,645 102 417 1,949 1,361 1,160 904 753

Men...................................................... 8,656 74 322 1,641 1,701 1,615 1,766 1,536

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all

race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 33

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 10. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum

wage, by selected demographic characteristics, 2014 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

At

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

Age

Total, 16 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,207 1,737 1,255 2,992 3.9

16 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,324 738 705 1,443 9.4

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,178 277 362 639 15.3

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,146 461 343 804 7.2

25 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,883 999 550 1,549 2.5

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,955 463 207 669 3.7

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,507 203 128 331 2.3

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,053 163 102 265 1.8

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,031 132 74 206 1.9

65 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,338 38 40 78 2.3

Women, 16 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,802 1,139 739 1,878 4.8

16 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,623 464 406 870 11.4

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,172 167 210 378 17.4

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,451 297 196 493 9.0

25 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,179 674 333 1,008 3.2

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,431 306 124 430 5.1

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,147 131 75 206 2.9

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,884 114 61 175 2.2

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,908 93 52 145 2.5

65 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,809 30 23 52 2.9

Men, 16 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,405 598 516 1,114 2.9

16 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,701 273 299 573 7.4

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,006 110 151 261 13.0

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,695 164 148 312 5.5

25 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,704 325 217 542 1.8

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,523 156 83 239 2.5

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,361 71 53 125 1.7

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,168 50 41 91 1.3

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,123 39 22 61 1.2

65 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,529 9 17 26 1.7

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,245 1,393 891 2,283 3.8

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,825 913 514 1,427 4.8

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,420 480 377 857 2.8

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,669 203 257 460 4.3

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,824 126 166 293 5.0

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,845 77 91 167 3.5

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,498 68 41 109 3.1

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,828 45 24 69 3.8

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,670 23 17 40 2.4

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,301 270 249 519 3.4

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,645 152 145 297 4.5

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,656 119 104 222 2.6

Full- and Part-time Status1

Full-time workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,607 658 373 1,031 1.8

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,273 398 195 593 2.3

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,333 260 178 438 1.4

Part-time workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,482 1,074 880 1,955 9.5

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,479 740 543 1,283 9.5

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,003 334 338 672 9.6

1 The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data do not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job

is not identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders.

Note: See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers. Estimates for the race

groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
34 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum

wage, 1979-2014 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Year

Total

wage

and

salary

workers

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Percentage

of total

wage

and

salary

workers

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage1

At

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage1

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage

of

workers

paid hourly

rates

Total

1979. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,529 51,721 59.1 2,916 3,997 6,912 13.4

1980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,644 51,335 58.6 3,087 4,686 7,773 15.1

1981. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88,516 51,869 58.6 3,513 4,311 7,824 15.1

1982. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,368 50,846 58.2 2,348 4,148 6,496 12.8

1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88,290 51,820 58.7 2,077 4,261 6,338 12.2

1984. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,194 54,143 58.7 1,838 4,125 5,963 11.0

1985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,521 55,762 59.0 1,639 3,899 5,538 9.9

1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,903 57,529 59.4 1,599 3,461 5,060 8.8

1987. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,303 59,552 60.0 1,468 3,229 4,698 7.9

1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,407 60,878 60.0 1,319 2,608 3,927 6.5

1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,480 62,389 60.3 1,372 1,790 3,162 5.1

1990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,876 63,172 60.2 2,132 1,096 3,228 5.1

1991. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,723 62,627 60.4 2,377 2,906 5,283 8.4

1992. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,668 63,610 60.8 1,939 2,982 4,921 7.7

1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,101 64,274 60.6 1,707 2,625 4,332 6.7

1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,989 66,549 61.6 1,995 2,132 4,128 6.2

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110,038 68,354 62.1 1,699 1,956 3,656 5.3

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,960 69,255 61.9 1,863 1,861 3,724 5.4

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,533 70,735 61.8 2,990 1,764 4,754 6.7

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,730 71,440 61.2 2,834 1,593 4,427 6.2

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,963 72,306 60.8 2,194 1,146 3,340 4.6

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,089 73,496 60.2 1,752 898 2,650 3.6

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,229 73,392 60.0 1,518 656 2,174 3.0

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,826 72,508 59.5 1,579 567 2,146 3.0

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,358 72,946 59.6 1,555 545 2,100 2.9

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,554 73,939 59.8 1,483 520 2,003 2.7

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,889 75,609 60.1 1,403 479 1,882 2.5

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,237 76,514 59.7 1,283 409 1,692 2.2

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,767 75,873 58.5 1,462 267 1,729 2.3

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,377 75,305 58.2 1,940 286 2,226 3.0

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,490 72,611 58.3 2,592 980 3,572 4.9

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,073 72,902 58.8 2,541 1,820 4,361 6.0

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,187 73,926 59.1 2,152 1,677 3,829 5.2

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,577 75,276 59.0 1,984 1,566 3,550 4.7

2013. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,110 75,948 58.8 1,768 1,532 3,301 4.3

2014. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,431 77,207 58.7 1,737 1,255 2,992 3.9

Women

1979. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,129 23,329 61.2 2,070 2,644 4,714 20.2

1980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,944 23,626 60.7 2,104 2,990 5,095 21.6

1981. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,672 24,294 61.2 2,394 2,778 5,172 21.3

1982. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,777 24,365 61.3 1,651 2,561 4,212 17.3

1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,433 24,989 61.8 1,492 2,603 4,095 16.4

1984. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,172 26,003 61.7 1,348 2,499 3,847 14.8

1985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,506 26,869 61.8 1,198 2,356 3,554 13.2

1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,961 27,863 62.0 1,192 2,125 3,317 11.9

1987. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,365 29,078 62.7 1,105 1,946 3,051 10.5

1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,495 29,820 62.8 1,008 1,542 2,550 8.6

1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,691 30,702 63.1 994 1,056 2,050 6.7

1990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,323 31,069 63.0 1,420 711 2,131 6.9

1991. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,105 30,988 63.1 1,582 1,792 3,374 10.9

1992. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,842 31,454 63.1 1,286 1,751 3,036 9.7

1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,626 31,937 63.1 1,133 1,534 2,667 8.4

1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,419 33,021 64.2 1,322 1,241 2,563 7.8

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,369 33,934 64.8 1,157 1,161 2,318 6.8

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,488 34,418 64.3 1,244 1,106 2,350 6.8

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,708 35,214 64.4 1,843 1,092 2,935 8.3

See footnotes at end of table.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 35

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum

wage, 1979-2014 annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Year

Total

wage

and

salary

workers

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Percentage

of total

wage

and

salary

workers

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage1

At

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage1

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage

of

workers

paid hourly

rates

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,757 35,680 64.0 1,794 965 2,760 7.7

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,050 36,233 63.5 1,426 700 2,126 5.9

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,427 36,777 62.9 1,170 579 1,749 4.8

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,582 36,848 62.9 1,021 409 1,430 3.9

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,555 36,508 62.3 997 350 1,347 3.7

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,122 37,093 62.7 1,062 332 1,394 3.8

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,408 37,133 62.5 1,013 310 1,323 3.6

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,423 37,957 62.8 944 290 1,234 3.3

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,426 38,321 62.4 861 263 1,124 2.9

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,299 38,082 61.1 1,002 181 1,183 3.1

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,532 37,972 60.7 1,302 196 1,498 3.9

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,951 37,426 61.4 1,603 612 2,215 5.9

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,542 37,404 61.8 1,598 1,151 2,749 7.3

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,502 37,469 61.9 1,366 1,029 2,395 6.4

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,679 38,163 61.9 1,288 999 2,287 6.0

2013. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,316 38,404 61.6 1,148 910 2,058 5.4

2014. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,383 38,802 61.2 1,139 739 1,878 4.8

Men

1979. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,400 28,392 57.5 846 1,353 2,199 7.7

1980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,700 27,709 56.9 983 1,696 2,678 9.7

1981. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,844 27,576 56.5 1,119 1,533 2,652 9.6

1982. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,591 26,481 55.6 697 1,587 2,284 8.6

1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,856 26,831 56.1 585 1,658 2,243 8.4

1984. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,022 28,140 56.3 490 1,626 2,116 7.5

1985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,015 28,893 56.6 440 1,544 1,984 6.9

1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,942 29,666 57.1 408 1,336 1,743 5.9

1987. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,938 30,474 57.6 364 1,283 1,647 5.4

1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,912 31,058 57.6 311 1,066 1,377 4.4

1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,789 31,687 57.8 379 733 1,112 3.5

1990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,553 32,104 57.8 712 385 1,097 3.4

1991. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,618 31,639 57.9 795 1,114 1,909 6.0

1992. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,826 32,155 58.6 653 1,231 1,885 5.9

1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,475 32,337 58.3 573 1,091 1,664 5.1

1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,570 33,528 59.3 674 891 1,565 4.7

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,669 34,420 59.7 542 796 1,338 3.9

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,473 34,838 59.6 619 755 1,374 3.9

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,825 35,521 59.4 1,147 673 1,820 5.1

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,973 35,761 58.7 1,039 628 1,667 4.7

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,914 36,073 58.3 768 446 1,214 3.4

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,662 36,720 57.7 582 319 901 2.5

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,647 36,544 57.4 497 247 744 2.0

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,272 36,000 56.9 582 217 799 2.2

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,236 35,853 56.7 493 213 706 2.0

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,145 36,806 57.4 470 210 680 1.8

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,466 37,652 57.5 459 189 648 1.7

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,811 38,193 57.2 422 146 568 1.5

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,468 37,790 56.0 460 86 546 1.4

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,846 37,334 55.9 638 90 728 1.9

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,539 35,185 55.4 990 368 1,358 3.9

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,531 35,498 55.9 943 669 1,612 4.5

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,686 36,457 56.4 785 648 1,433 3.9

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,898 37,113 56.3 696 567 1,263 3.4

2013. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,794 37,544 56.2 621 622 1,243 3.3

2014. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,048 38,405 56.4 598 516 1,114 2.9

1 Data for 1990-91, 1996-97, and 2007-09 reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place in those years.

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS).

Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum

wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
36 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 12. Women’s earnings as a percentage of men’s, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers,

1979-2014

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

1979.............................................. 62.3 78.6 85.2 76.3 62.1 67.5 58.3 56.8 60.6 77.6

1980.............................................. 64.2 80.3 89.5 78.1 62.8 69.4 58.3 56.9 59.4 76.4

1981.............................................. 64.4 82.6 91.7 80.6 62.6 70.3 59.9 56.8 58.9 71.1

1982.............................................. 65.7 85.3 92.9 82.4 64.9 72.1 61.1 60.1 61.4 70.3

1983.............................................. 66.5 88.8 94.0 85.5 65.8 73.3 61.5 59.5 61.8 68.8

1984.............................................. 67.6 87.9 93.1 85.2 67.1 74.6 62.0 59.4 61.5 66.8

1985.............................................. 68.1 87.6 90.7 85.7 66.8 75.1 63.0 59.7 61.0 65.9

1986.............................................. 69.5 89.0 91.4 87.5 66.5 76.1 63.9 60.9 61.2 71.5

1987.............................................. 69.8 88.3 87.8 88.0 67.3 76.7 66.1 62.3 62.2 68.7

1988.............................................. 70.2 89.7 89.8 90.0 68.8 77.7 68.5 61.7 62.3 70.9

1989.............................................. 70.1 90.8 94.3 89.7 70.2 78.3 68.3 62.7 63.9 74.3

1990.............................................. 71.9 90.1 90.8 90.3 72.1 79.3 69.6 63.8 63.7 74.4

1991.............................................. 74.2 93.3 93.6 93.3 74.0 81.0 70.7 65.0 64.5 68.3

1992.............................................. 75.8 94.0 94.0 94.3 74.6 82.0 71.9 65.8 64.9 77.9

1993.............................................. 77.1 94.8 92.8 95.4 74.8 83.0 73.0 67.4 67.4 74.3

1994.............................................. 76.4 93.9 92.5 94.5 73.1 82.9 72.6 67.1 66.0 76.2

1995.............................................. 75.5 90.8 88.1 92.4 72.8 82.2 72.6 67.7 64.7 80.0

1996.............................................. 75.0 92.5 88.8 92.8 74.1 83.2 73.3 68.9 65.3 70.0

1997.............................................. 74.4 92.1 91.6 90.5 75.1 82.9 74.0 69.4 64.7 77.0

1998.............................................. 76.3 91.3 88.6 89.4 75.9 82.9 73.6 70.5 68.1 72.6

1999.............................................. 76.5 91.0 91.4 90.5 74.4 81.5 71.7 70.0 67.9 78.7

2000.............................................. 76.9 91.7 92.5 92.7 74.5 82.4 71.6 73.2 69.1 75.1

2001.............................................. 76.4 90.3 90.3 91.9 75.4 83.0 72.5 73.5 70.5 69.0

2002.............................................. 77.9 93.9 94.6 93.9 77.6 84.5 75.2 74.6 71.6 73.8

2003.............................................. 79.4 93.2 93.1 93.9 78.5 86.9 76.1 73.0 72.7 71.1

2004.............................................. 80.4 93.8 92.1 93.8 78.6 87.8 75.6 72.9 73.0 74.6

2005.............................................. 81.0 93.2 92.1 93.8 79.4 89.0 75.5 75.5 74.7 76.4

2006.............................................. 80.8 94.5 87.6 94.9 78.7 88.2 77.2 73.5 72.9 77.5

2007.............................................. 80.2 92.3 89.1 90.3 78.5 86.9 76.5 74.5 72.8 77.8

2008.............................................. 79.9 91.1 87.3 92.5 78.2 88.5 74.5 74.9 75.4 74.8

2009.............................................. 80.2 92.6 90.7 92.9 78.7 88.7 77.4 73.6 75.3 76.1

2010.............................................. 81.2 95.3 94.6 93.8 80.5 90.8 79.9 76.5 75.2 75.7

2011.............................................. 82.2 92.5 88.6 93.2 81.0 92.3 78.5 76.0 75.1 80.9

2012.............................................. 80.9 88.9 88.5 89.0 79.9 90.2 78.1 75.1 76.2 77.6

2013.............................................. 82.1 88.3 89.7 89.8 81.1 89.4 80.2 76.6 77.1 73.7

2014.............................................. 82.5 91.5 91.1 92.3 81.6 89.9 81.0 77.2 76.4 78.6

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women’s-to-men’s

earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 22.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 37

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 13. Women’s earnings as a percentage of men’s, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time

wage and salary workers, 1979-2014

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

ethnicity

1979.............................................................................. 62.3 61.7 74.4 – 71.7

1980.............................................................................. 64.2 63.4 75.8 – 73.5

1981.............................................................................. 64.4 63.1 76.9 – 75.7

1982.............................................................................. 65.7 64.5 78.1 – 75.5

1983.............................................................................. 66.5 65.6 78.9 – 78.5

1984.............................................................................. 67.6 66.8 79.5 – 77.7

1985.............................................................................. 68.1 67.2 82.6 – 77.7

1986.............................................................................. 69.5 67.9 82.8 – 80.6

1987.............................................................................. 69.8 68.2 84.4 – 82.0

1988.............................................................................. 70.2 68.4 82.8 – 84.4

1989.............................................................................. 70.1 69.3 86.5 – 85.4

1990.............................................................................. 71.9 71.5 85.3 – 87.4

1991.............................................................................. 74.2 73.7 86.1 – 90.4

1992.............................................................................. 75.8 75.3 88.2 – 89.1

1993.............................................................................. 77.1 76.5 88.8 – 90.5

1994.............................................................................. 76.4 74.6 86.5 – 88.9

1995.............................................................................. 75.5 73.3 86.4 – 87.1

1996.............................................................................. 75.0 73.8 87.9 – 88.8

1997.............................................................................. 74.4 74.6 86.8 – 85.7

1998.............................................................................. 76.3 76.1 85.5 – 86.4

1999.............................................................................. 76.5 75.7 83.8 – 85.7

2000.............................................................................. 76.9 75.8 84.1 79.9 87.8

2001.............................................................................. 76.4 75.8 85.8 76.9 88.2

2002.............................................................................. 77.9 77.9 90.3 74.9 88.0

2003.............................................................................. 79.4 79.3 88.5 77.5 88.4

2004.............................................................................. 80.4 79.8 88.8 76.4 87.3

2005.............................................................................. 81.0 80.2 89.3 80.6 87.7

2006.............................................................................. 80.8 80.0 87.8 79.3 87.1

2007.............................................................................. 80.2 79.4 88.8 78.1 91.0

2008.............................................................................. 79.9 79.3 89.4 78.0 89.6

2009.............................................................................. 80.2 79.2 93.7 81.8 89.5

2010.............................................................................. 81.2 80.5 93.5 82.6 90.7

2011.............................................................................. 82.2 82.1 91.1 77.4 90.7

2012.............................................................................. 80.9 80.8 90.1 73.0 88.0

2013.............................................................................. 82.1 81.7 91.3 77.3 91.1

2014.............................................................................. 82.5 81.8 89.9 77.9 89.0

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women’s-to-men’s

earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 23. As of

2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people

who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they

identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for

Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
38 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 14. Women’s earnings as a percentage of men’s, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary

workers 25 years and older, 1979-2014

Year

Total, 25

years and

older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some college

or associate

degree

Bachelor’s

degree and

higher

1979.............................................................................. 62.1 60.3 60.1 64.1 66.7

1980.............................................................................. 62.8 61.4 61.5 64.5 67.9

1981.............................................................................. 62.6 61.2 61.0 65.6 66.9

1982.............................................................................. 64.9 62.8 63.1 66.7 68.8

1983.............................................................................. 65.8 64.8 63.4 68.2 71.2

1984.............................................................................. 67.1 64.9 64.9 68.4 69.4

1985.............................................................................. 66.8 64.3 65.8 67.2 70.2

1986.............................................................................. 66.5 64.8 66.6 68.0 70.6

1987.............................................................................. 67.3 66.0 68.1 69.8 71.4

1988.............................................................................. 68.8 66.6 68.2 71.6 71.4

1989.............................................................................. 70.2 66.8 67.6 73.3 71.9

1990.............................................................................. 72.1 68.8 68.6 72.9 72.2

1991.............................................................................. 74.0 71.6 69.8 72.6 73.6

1992.............................................................................. 74.6 72.9 70.4 73.3 75.1

1993.............................................................................. 74.8 73.9 71.3 73.8 75.8

1994.............................................................................. 73.1 75.1 70.8 72.1 76.8

1995.............................................................................. 72.8 75.5 70.2 71.6 76.2

1996.............................................................................. 74.1 75.1 70.7 73.2 75.2

1997.............................................................................. 75.1 75.3 70.7 73.9 75.0

1998.............................................................................. 75.9 73.9 70.8 74.0 75.3

1999.............................................................................. 74.4 73.4 69.8 73.4 75.7

2000.............................................................................. 74.5 74.9 71.1 73.1 74.1

2001.............................................................................. 75.4 75.4 72.7 71.9 73.7

2002.............................................................................. 77.6 77.2 74.2 74.3 74.2

2003.............................................................................. 78.5 76.7 75.5 75.7 73.6

2004.............................................................................. 78.6 74.9 75.7 75.8 75.2

2005.............................................................................. 79.4 74.9 75.6 76.6 75.7

2006.............................................................................. 78.7 76.3 73.7 75.6 75.1

2007.............................................................................. 78.5 76.7 74.3 75.2 75.0

2008.............................................................................. 78.2 76.1 73.3 75.7 74.3

2009.............................................................................. 78.7 76.4 75.7 75.4 73.1

2010.............................................................................. 80.5 79.8 76.5 75.5 74.1

2011.............................................................................. 81.0 80.9 76.9 76.8 74.9

2012.............................................................................. 79.9 76.0 76.3 76.9 73.0

2013.............................................................................. 81.1 80.0 78.3 76.6 74.8

2014.............................................................................. 81.6 79.1 77.0 75.8 75.7

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women’s-to-men’s

earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and

older in table 24.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 39

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 15. Women’s earnings as a percentage of men’s, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates,

1979-2014

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

1979.............................................. 64.1 81.8 95.0 75.9 58.3 63.3 55.8 54.1 56.9 87.6

1980.............................................. 64.8 84.1 93.2 77.0 58.7 64.1 54.9 54.4 56.4 89.2

1981.............................................. 65.1 86.1 96.7 80.0 60.3 66.7 57.5 54.1 56.2 88.1

1982.............................................. 67.3 86.3 97.0 81.8 62.1 67.7 57.1 55.7 59.0 88.1

1983.............................................. 69.4 87.2 96.7 84.4 62.9 70.3 57.6 56.7 58.0 87.6

1984.............................................. 69.8 86.0 96.5 84.5 63.7 71.1 59.0 56.9 59.5 89.0

1985.............................................. 70.0 85.7 96.3 87.2 64.7 72.4 60.3 57.8 60.4 88.8

1986.............................................. 70.2 85.8 95.5 86.7 66.0 74.1 61.4 59.0 60.3 91.3

1987.............................................. 72.1 85.9 93.9 86.1 67.2 74.3 62.9 61.3 62.0 91.2

1988.............................................. 73.8 89.1 94.4 87.2 68.7 75.6 66.1 61.6 62.4 92.8

1989.............................................. 75.4 90.7 93.4 86.9 69.8 78.0 67.0 63.4 63.8 87.1

1990.............................................. 77.9 91.0 93.8 90.1 71.8 79.4 68.7 64.3 66.2 89.6

1991.............................................. 78.6 91.0 97.9 91.7 73.5 80.4 70.4 65.0 68.9 92.6

1992.............................................. 80.3 91.3 97.7 92.5 76.0 82.6 73.1 66.1 69.3 92.6

1993.............................................. 80.4 91.7 97.1 94.2 77.3 83.6 73.1 67.3 69.0 92.1

1994.............................................. 80.6 90.5 97.0 91.2 78.2 85.5 73.4 69.9 70.7 94.0

1995.............................................. 80.8 90.9 96.1 89.3 76.1 83.7 72.6 70.8 71.4 94.2

1996.............................................. 81.2 92.1 97.0 89.6 78.2 83.1 74.6 72.1 72.4 91.6

1997.............................................. 80.8 92.2 96.6 91.2 78.8 82.7 75.7 72.3 70.5 98.1

1998.............................................. 81.8 90.3 96.7 89.1 77.9 86.1 77.4 75.0 72.4 93.2

1999.............................................. 83.8 92.7 96.8 89.9 79.4 83.9 76.9 72.7 76.4 95.4

2000.............................................. 83.8 91.7 93.8 93.0 80.8 88.3 76.3 73.2 76.8 94.7

2001.............................................. 85.2 90.5 95.8 89.7 79.2 85.8 75.0 76.1 80.2 90.4

2002.............................................. 85.0 92.5 96.9 91.3 82.1 85.1 78.7 77.6 80.8 89.3

2003.............................................. 84.8 93.2 97.6 91.0 83.1 87.5 79.1 79.0 78.4 90.3

2004.............................................. 84.6 93.9 95.9 91.7 81.7 88.3 78.4 79.1 79.6 92.5

2005.............................................. 84.8 92.6 96.0 92.4 83.2 89.2 79.6 80.2 80.2 97.8

2006.............................................. 84.0 90.9 95.7 90.5 83.2 87.6 80.0 76.4 80.6 93.0

2007.............................................. 84.8 89.3 95.4 90.4 81.7 87.4 81.5 79.6 79.2 92.2

2008.............................................. 85.4 91.2 96.6 91.6 83.0 87.0 80.5 78.2 81.8 91.6

2009.............................................. 85.5 93.1 97.1 92.0 84.7 90.6 80.7 77.0 84.5 92.6

2010.............................................. 86.0 93.6 97.8 91.7 85.6 91.9 82.9 79.9 83.2 93.8

2011.............................................. 86.8 94.6 97.5 92.5 86.7 92.0 83.8 81.5 82.2 91.5

2012.............................................. 86.4 93.0 97.9 92.0 86.8 91.5 83.9 81.2 83.1 90.9

2013.............................................. 86.6 92.3 96.7 94.0 87.5 91.1 84.9 81.2 84.1 94.9

2014.............................................. 84.6 92.4 96.1 96.3 85.7 87.0 84.6 81.2 81.3 89.2

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). Information on historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women’s-to-men’s

earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of workers paid hourly rates in table 25.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
40 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 16. Women’s earnings as a percentage of men’s, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and

salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2014

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic or

Latino

ethnicity

1979.............................................................................. 64.1 62.5 72.6 – 71.8

1980.............................................................................. 64.8 63.6 74.9 – 75.1

1981.............................................................................. 65.1 63.8 72.1 – 76.4

1982.............................................................................. 67.3 66.0 75.2 – 75.6

1983.............................................................................. 69.4 68.0 79.2 – 76.1

1984.............................................................................. 69.8 68.6 79.1 – 77.0

1985.............................................................................. 70.0 67.8 82.0 – 79.4

1986.............................................................................. 70.2 68.8 78.7 – 80.8

1987.............................................................................. 72.1 70.9 80.1 – 80.2

1988.............................................................................. 73.8 72.7 80.8 – 81.1

1989.............................................................................. 75.4 74.0 83.2 – 83.0

1990.............................................................................. 77.9 75.6 84.5 – 86.1

1991.............................................................................. 78.6 76.6 86.5 – 86.9

1992.............................................................................. 80.3 78.6 87.1 – 88.3

1993.............................................................................. 80.4 78.9 89.6 – 88.6

1994.............................................................................. 80.6 79.7 87.5 – 89.3

1995.............................................................................. 80.8 78.4 87.3 – 90.9

1996.............................................................................. 81.2 79.6 88.0 – 88.8

1997.............................................................................. 80.8 80.3 87.5 – 86.3

1998.............................................................................. 81.8 81.8 86.9 – 87.6

1999.............................................................................. 83.8 82.3 83.2 – 86.6

2000.............................................................................. 83.8 83.0 88.8 90.5 87.3

2001.............................................................................. 85.2 83.8 89.9 85.1 85.6

2002.............................................................................. 85.0 83.8 92.3 91.7 86.1

2003.............................................................................. 84.8 84.0 91.7 89.8 88.5

2004.............................................................................. 84.6 84.0 91.3 88.8 90.2

2005.............................................................................. 84.8 84.2 91.1 91.3 90.1

2006.............................................................................. 84.0 83.6 88.5 90.7 87.6

2007.............................................................................. 84.8 83.7 90.3 89.5 88.5

2008.............................................................................. 85.4 84.5 89.9 87.3 85.1

2009.............................................................................. 85.5 84.8 89.7 90.4 84.6

2010.............................................................................. 86.0 85.0 92.1 88.0 86.2

2011.............................................................................. 86.8 85.9 93.5 89.8 86.8

2012.............................................................................. 86.4 85.3 92.0 90.1 85.4

2013.............................................................................. 86.6 85.7 94.9 91.6 87.5

2014.............................................................................. 84.6 83.3 94.8 90.2 86.6

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women’s-to-men’s

earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in table 26. As

of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people

who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they

identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for

Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 41

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers,

1979-2014 annual averages

[In constant 2014 dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

Total

1979.............................................. $733 $523 $438 $565 $805 $775 $851 $839 $796 $602

1980.............................................. 718 512 422 548 784 756 827 816 781 556

1981.............................................. 710 500 402 532 770 740 815 800 772 555

1982.............................................. 712 491 387 519 771 733 835 814 767 597

1983.............................................. 708 477 371 505 776 726 837 830 783 590

1984.............................................. 707 471 367 501 785 727 844 835 794 590

1985.............................................. 723 471 366 504 796 733 853 840 800 624

1986.............................................. 740 478 367 511 806 742 864 858 819 614

1987.............................................. 747 485 371 517 804 745 868 856 808 619

1988.............................................. 740 479 377 512 796 737 865 871 806 621

1989.............................................. 736 478 376 509 788 727 871 871 795 616

1990.............................................. 724 473 367 501 789 715 854 859 803 603

1991.............................................. 722 469 361 493 792 703 844 859 795 646

1992.............................................. 727 456 350 479 792 698 831 863 798 625

1993.............................................. 740 455 345 479 792 703 834 874 794 634

1994.............................................. 738 452 349 474 790 694 848 894 791 607

1995.............................................. 739 451 356 472 787 696 849 898 793 600

1996.............................................. 737 448 361 469 782 696 841 893 805 577

1997.............................................. 740 450 371 472 794 707 851 893 821 578

1998.............................................. 759 463 389 492 830 729 866 900 859 588

1999.............................................. 780 484 399 516 841 736 868 926 858 574

2000.............................................. 792 497 409 527 838 755 860 920 853 637

2001.............................................. 797 501 408 527 842 770 878 926 853 652

2002.............................................. 800 501 401 525 850 778 879 929 887 661

2003.............................................. 798 498 400 517 852 764 884 931 911 664

2004.............................................. 799 489 387 509 856 757 893 931 909 702

2005.............................................. 789 481 385 498 844 739 886 907 899 690

2006.............................................. 788 480 380 496 843 729 878 907 898 684

2007.............................................. 793 484 385 514 842 734 878 902 917 691

2008.............................................. 794 487 384 514 837 733 884 904 908 708

2009.............................................. 816 488 380 512 854 748 902 925 928 755

2010.............................................. 811 469 377 493 849 740 895 916 934 743

2011.............................................. 796 463 371 481 839 729 881 912 927 781

2012.............................................. 792 458 367 478 840 729 885 905 925 780

2013.............................................. 789 461 379 480 840 720 888 897 919 814

2014.............................................. 791 477 378 491 839 726 881 899 911 824

Women

1979.............................................. $553 $468 $401 $489 $593 $605 $596 $584 $574 $517

1980.............................................. 551 458 397 479 584 597 586 573 562 479

1981.............................................. 548 450 385 478 582 598 595 562 555 472

1982.............................................. 564 453 373 474 601 608 608 594 578 498

1983.............................................. 570 448 357 468 606 615 615 597 581 480

1984.............................................. 575 440 351 462 614 618 633 605 586 475

1985.............................................. 582 443 349 464 622 622 645 613 599 508

1986.............................................. 600 452 351 476 635 631 658 635 610 528

1987.............................................. 605 453 343 483 641 631 673 647 615 521

1988.............................................. 606 452 354 483 644 629 681 652 610 538

1989.............................................. 605 454 363 480 648 627 683 659 614 539

1990.............................................. 608 446 348 473 649 626 685 663 612 527

1991.............................................. 620 451 347 475 656 629 690 675 615 541

1992.............................................. 628 441 339 463 661 631 691 689 621 542

1993.............................................. 634 440 331 466 669 637 702 710 637 540

1994.............................................. 630 436 333 458 665 627 708 711 629 531
42 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers,

1979-2014 annual averages — Continued

[In constant 2014 dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

1995.............................................. 627 424 332 449 660 622 699 716 622 545

1996.............................................. 629 427 335 448 668 624 696 723 632 502

1997.............................................. 634 429 353 450 679 628 709 728 637 512

1998.............................................. 662 443 361 463 704 655 723 749 691 508

1999.............................................. 672 460 378 487 706 668 714 759 699 526

2000.............................................. 678 473 389 503 710 678 717 776 699 539

2001.............................................. 684 472 385 501 726 684 731 785 717 521

2002.............................................. 696 483 388 507 747 697 751 792 755 566

2003.............................................. 710 477 385 498 752 703 759 784 773 560

2004.............................................. 718 470 367 490 751 703 762 783 771 599

2005.............................................. 709 462 368 480 742 695 753 781 775 596

2006.............................................. 704 464 358 485 736 684 757 773 772 599

2007.............................................. 701 467 363 486 737 682 763 773 775 610

2008.............................................. 702 462 354 490 737 685 750 778 782 619

2009.............................................. 725 468 357 491 758 700 783 786 802 664

2010.............................................. 726 458 365 477 764 704 794 793 799 653

2011.............................................. 720 443 345 461 756 697 773 783 788 699

2012.............................................. 712 429 340 442 749 687 770 769 790 688

2013.............................................. 717 430 356 449 752 676 779 773 792 702

2014.............................................. 719 451 357 468 752 679 781 780 780 740

Men

1979.............................................. $888 $596 $471 $641 $954 $897 $1,021 $1,027 $948 $666

1980.............................................. 858 570 444 614 929 860 1,005 1,005 945 627

1981.............................................. 850 545 420 592 930 850 992 990 942 665

1982.............................................. 858 531 401 575 927 844 995 988 941 708

1983.............................................. 857 505 380 548 921 839 1,000 1,005 941 697

1984.............................................. 850 501 377 542 915 829 1,022 1,020 952 711

1985.............................................. 855 506 384 542 931 828 1,023 1,027 981 771

1986.............................................. 864 507 384 544 955 829 1,029 1,043 998 738

1987.............................................. 866 513 391 549 952 822 1,018 1,038 988 758

1988.............................................. 863 504 394 537 937 810 994 1,056 979 760

1989.............................................. 863 500 386 535 923 801 1,000 1,050 961 725

1990.............................................. 845 496 383 524 900 789 984 1,039 960 708

1991.............................................. 836 483 371 508 886 776 976 1,037 954 792

1992.............................................. 828 469 360 491 886 770 960 1,048 957 696

1993.............................................. 823 465 356 489 895 768 961 1,053 945 727

1994.............................................. 825 464 360 485 910 757 975 1,060 953 697

1995.............................................. 830 468 377 486 907 756 963 1,057 961 681

1996.............................................. 838 462 377 483 901 750 950 1,050 967 717

1997.............................................. 851 466 385 497 904 757 957 1,049 984 665

1998.............................................. 868 485 408 518 927 790 983 1,062 1,015 700

1999.............................................. 878 506 413 538 949 820 997 1,084 1,030 668

2000.............................................. 882 516 421 543 953 823 1,001 1,061 1,011 718

2001.............................................. 896 523 426 545 963 825 1,008 1,068 1,016 755

2002.............................................. 893 514 411 539 963 825 999 1,062 1,055 767

2003.............................................. 894 512 413 530 958 808 997 1,073 1,064 788

2004.............................................. 893 501 398 523 955 801 1,008 1,074 1,056 803

2005.............................................. 875 496 400 512 935 781 996 1,034 1,036 781

2006.............................................. 872 491 408 511 935 776 981 1,053 1,059 772

2007.............................................. 874 506 408 539 939 784 997 1,038 1,065 783

2008.............................................. 878 507 406 529 943 774 1,007 1,039 1,037 828

2009.............................................. 904 506 393 529 964 789 1,011 1,067 1,065 873

2010.............................................. 895 481 385 508 949 775 993 1,036 1,063 862

2011.............................................. 876 479 389 495 933 755 984 1,031 1,049 864
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 43

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers,

1979-2014 annual averages — Continued

[In constant 2014 dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

2012.............................................. 880 482 385 497 938 761 987 1,025 1,036 887

2013.............................................. 874 487 396 500 927 756 972 1,010 1,027 952

2014.............................................. 871 493 392 507 922 755 964 1,011 1,021 942

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price

Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical

notes section.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
44 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for

full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2014 annual averages

[In constant 2014 dollars]

Year

Total, 16

years and

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic or

Latino

ethnicity

Total

1979.............................................................................. $733 $754 $605 – $590

1980.............................................................................. 718 737 581 – 573

1981.............................................................................. 710 728 588 – 558

1982.............................................................................. 712 731 578 – 566

1983.............................................................................. 708 724 590 – 566

1984.............................................................................. 707 729 584 – 562

1985.............................................................................. 723 748 582 – 567

1986.............................................................................. 740 765 600 – 571

1987.............................................................................. 747 766 601 – 569

1988.............................................................................. 740 760 604 – 558

1989.............................................................................. 736 755 589 – 550

1990.............................................................................. 724 745 578 – 534

1991.............................................................................. 722 749 590 – 529

1992.............................................................................. 727 757 590 – 531

1993.............................................................................. 740 766 595 – 534

1994.............................................................................. 738 765 586 – 512

1995.............................................................................. 739 762 591 – 508

1996.............................................................................. 737 761 582 – 510

1997.............................................................................. 740 763 588 – 516

1998.............................................................................. 759 791 618 – 537

1999.............................................................................. 780 814 632 – 547

2000.............................................................................. 792 812 652 $846 549

2001.............................................................................. 797 816 656 854 557

2002.............................................................................. 800 820 655 866 558

2003.............................................................................. 798 819 662 892 566

2004.............................................................................. 799 823 658 887 571

2005.............................................................................. 789 815 630 913 571

2006.............................................................................. 788 810 650 920 570

2007.............................................................................. 793 817 650 947 574

2008.............................................................................. 794 816 648 947 582

2009.............................................................................. 816 836 663 971 597

2010.............................................................................. 811 831 663 928 581

2011.............................................................................. 796 816 647 912 578

2012.............................................................................. 792 816 640 948 586

2013.............................................................................. 789 815 639 957 587

2014.............................................................................. 791 816 639 953 594

Women

1979.............................................................................. $553 $559 $514 – $477

1980.............................................................................. 551 556 507 – 471

1981.............................................................................. 548 552 515 – 475

1982.............................................................................. 564 571 512 – 479

1983.............................................................................. 570 575 525 – 486

1984.............................................................................. 575 581 523 – 484

1985.............................................................................. 582 590 529 – 483

1986.............................................................................. 600 606 544 – 497

1987.............................................................................. 605 613 551 – 501

1988.............................................................................. 606 612 554 – 500

1989.............................................................................. 605 616 555 – 496

1990.............................................................................. 608 620 541 – 489

1991.............................................................................. 620 632 547 – 495

1992.............................................................................. 628 640 554 – 499

1993.............................................................................. 634 647 561 – 505

1994.............................................................................. 630 645 547 – 482

1995.............................................................................. 627 640 548 – 471
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 45

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for

full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2014 annual averages — Continued

[In constant 2014 dollars]

Year

Total, 16

years and

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic or

Latino

ethnicity

1996.............................................................................. 629 644 544 – 475

1997.............................................................................. 634 653 551 – 468

1998.............................................................................. 662 679 581 – 489

1999.............................................................................. 672 686 581 – 494

2000.............................................................................. 678 691 590 $752 503

2001.............................................................................. 684 698 607 753 519

2002.............................................................................. 696 720 622 745 522

2003.............................................................................. 710 730 632 770 528

2004.............................................................................. 718 732 633 768 525

2005.............................................................................. 709 722 605 806 520

2006.............................................................................. 704 715 609 820 516

2007.............................................................................. 701 715 608 834 540

2008.............................................................................. 702 719 609 828 551

2009.............................................................................. 725 738 642 860 562

2010.............................................................................. 726 743 643 839 552

2011.............................................................................. 720 740 626 791 545

2012.............................................................................. 712 732 618 794 537

2013.............................................................................. 717 734 616 832 550

2014.............................................................................. 719 734 611 841 548

Men

1979.............................................................................. $888 $906 $690 – $666

1980.............................................................................. 858 877 668 – 641

1981.............................................................................. 850 875 670 – 628

1982.............................................................................. 858 884 656 – 634

1983.............................................................................. 857 876 665 – 620

1984.............................................................................. 850 870 657 – 623

1985.............................................................................. 855 878 641 – 622

1986.............................................................................. 864 893 658 – 616

1987.............................................................................. 866 898 653 – 611

1988.............................................................................. 863 894 669 – 592

1989.............................................................................. 863 889 642 – 581

1990.............................................................................. 845 868 634 – 559

1991.............................................................................. 836 858 636 – 547

1992.............................................................................. 828 850 628 – 560

1993.............................................................................. 823 845 632 – 558

1994.............................................................................. 825 864 632 – 542

1995.............................................................................. 830 873 634 – 540

1996.............................................................................. 838 872 620 – 535

1997.............................................................................. 851 875 635 – 546

1998.............................................................................. 868 893 679 – 566

1999.............................................................................. 878 906 693 – 577

2000.............................................................................. 882 911 702 $942 574

2001.............................................................................. 896 921 707 979 588

2002.............................................................................. 893 924 689 995 593

2003.............................................................................. 894 920 714 994 597

2004.............................................................................. 893 917 713 1,005 602

2005.............................................................................. 875 901 678 1,000 593

2006.............................................................................. 872 893 694 1,035 593

2007.............................................................................. 874 900 685 1,068 594

2008.............................................................................. 878 908 682 1,063 615

2009.............................................................................. 904 933 685 1,051 628

2010.............................................................................. 895 923 687 1,016 608

2011.............................................................................. 876 901 687 1,021 601
46 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for

full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2014 annual averages — Continued

[In constant 2014 dollars]

Year

Total, 16

years and

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic or

Latino

ethnicity

2012.............................................................................. 880 906 686 1,088 610

2013.............................................................................. 874 898 675 1,076 604

2014.............................................................................. 871 897 680 1,080 616

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for

the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more

than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main

race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not

tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer

Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the

technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 47

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and

salary workers 25 years and older, 1979-2014 annual averages

[In constant 2014 dollars]

Year

Total,

25 years

and older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some

college or

associate

degree

Bachelor’s

degree and

higher

Total

1979.............................................................................. $805 $638 $757 $857 $1,046

1980.............................................................................. 784 608 729 833 1,030

1981.............................................................................. 770 600 715 810 1,018

1982.............................................................................. 771 585 712 828 1,033

1983.............................................................................. 776 579 704 821 1,043

1984.............................................................................. 785 570 701 829 1,054

1985.............................................................................. 796 567 700 838 1,063

1986.............................................................................. 806 573 709 843 1,082

1987.............................................................................. 804 567 711 840 1,126

1988.............................................................................. 796 554 708 827 1,125

1989.............................................................................. 788 548 692 834 1,124

1990.............................................................................. 789 533 678 837 1,121

1991.............................................................................. 792 520 673 829 1,129

1992.............................................................................. 792 514 666 800 1,150

1993.............................................................................. 792 506 669 797 1,153

1994.............................................................................. 790 485 665 788 1,158

1995.............................................................................. 787 477 667 784 1,153

1996.............................................................................. 782 477 666 779 1,140

1997.............................................................................. 794 472 678 787 1,146

1998.............................................................................. 830 489 695 810 1,192

1999.............................................................................. 841 491 696 824 1,222

2000.............................................................................. 838 498 695 820 1,226

2001.............................................................................. 842 511 695 825 1,231

2002.............................................................................. 850 511 704 828 1,238

2003.............................................................................. 852 510 713 822 1,241

2004.............................................................................. 856 503 719 828 1,236

2005.............................................................................. 844 496 707 812 1,228

2006.............................................................................. 843 492 698 812 1,219

2007.............................................................................. 842 489 689 804 1,224

2008.............................................................................. 837 498 680 794 1,227

2009.............................................................................. 854 501 691 801 1,255

2010.............................................................................. 849 482 680 797 1,242

2011.............................................................................. 839 475 672 778 1,211

2012.............................................................................. 840 486 672 772 1,201

2013.............................................................................. 840 480 662 760 1,213

2014.............................................................................. 839 488 668 761 1,193

Women

1979.............................................................................. $593 $462 $562 $641 $802

1980.............................................................................. 584 449 551 633 795

1981.............................................................................. 582 438 542 638 795

1982.............................................................................. 601 434 557 646 816

1983.............................................................................. 606 441 557 652 835

1984.............................................................................. 614 434 562 662 846

1985.............................................................................. 622 424 563 666 870

1986.............................................................................. 635 429 571 680 899

1987.............................................................................. 641 427 575 693 930

1988.............................................................................. 644 425 573 692 933

1989.............................................................................. 648 426 561 699 935

1990.............................................................................. 649 422 554 694 940

1991.............................................................................. 656 424 556 693 953

1992.............................................................................. 661 423 557 673 982

1993.............................................................................. 669 424 560 681 985

1994.............................................................................. 665 406 555 668 1,002

1995.............................................................................. 660 404 549 659 994
48 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and

salary workers 25 years and older, 1979-2014 annual averages — Continued

[In constant 2014 dollars]

Year

Total,

25 years

and older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some

college or

associate

degree

Bachelor’s

degree and

higher

1996.............................................................................. 668 403 549 665 988

1997.............................................................................. 679 404 556 675 988

1998.............................................................................. 704 411 575 691 1,026

1999.............................................................................. 706 412 575 693 1,051

2000.............................................................................. 710 418 578 695 1,040

2001.............................................................................. 726 422 592 695 1,051

2002.............................................................................. 747 428 603 714 1,064

2003.............................................................................. 752 423 610 721 1,071

2004.............................................................................. 751 419 612 723 1,078

2005.............................................................................. 742 413 598 712 1,070

2006.............................................................................. 736 420 587 707 1,062

2007.............................................................................. 737 421 584 695 1,064

2008.............................................................................. 737 416 572 691 1,051

2009.............................................................................. 758 422 598 695 1,071

2010.............................................................................. 764 421 590 693 1,071

2011.............................................................................. 756 416 583 679 1,051

2012.............................................................................. 749 398 578 679 1,032

2013.............................................................................. 752 407 582 668 1,060

2014.............................................................................. 752 409 578 661 1,049

Men

1979.............................................................................. $954 $766 $936 $1,000 $1,204

1980.............................................................................. 929 732 896 981 1,170

1981.............................................................................. 930 715 890 972 1,188

1982.............................................................................. 927 691 882 969 1,186

1983.............................................................................. 921 681 878 955 1,172

1984.............................................................................. 915 668 866 967 1,219

1985.............................................................................. 931 660 855 992 1,239

1986.............................................................................. 955 662 858 1,000 1,274

1987.............................................................................. 952 647 844 992 1,303

1988.............................................................................. 937 638 840 967 1,306

1989.............................................................................. 923 638 830 954 1,301

1990.............................................................................. 900 613 807 953 1,302

1991.............................................................................. 886 592 797 954 1,295

1992.............................................................................. 886 580 792 917 1,307

1993.............................................................................. 895 574 785 923 1,300

1994.............................................................................. 910 540 784 927 1,305

1995.............................................................................. 907 535 782 920 1,304

1996.............................................................................. 901 537 776 908 1,314

1997.............................................................................. 904 537 787 913 1,318

1998.............................................................................. 927 556 811 933 1,363

1999.............................................................................. 949 561 824 945 1,388

2000.............................................................................. 953 558 813 950 1,403

2001.............................................................................. 963 560 814 967 1,426

2002.............................................................................. 963 554 812 962 1,434

2003.............................................................................. 958 552 808 952 1,456

2004.............................................................................. 955 559 808 954 1,432

2005.............................................................................. 935 552 790 928 1,415

2006.............................................................................. 935 550 796 934 1,414

2007.............................................................................. 939 549 787 925 1,419

2008.............................................................................. 943 547 780 913 1,414

2009.............................................................................. 964 552 790 922 1,465

2010.............................................................................. 949 528 771 917 1,444

2011.............................................................................. 933 514 758 884 1,402
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 49

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and

salary workers 25 years and older, 1979-2014 annual averages — Continued

[In constant 2014 dollars]

Year

Total,

25 years

and older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some

college or

associate

degree

Bachelor’s

degree and

higher

2012.............................................................................. 938 524 758 884 1,413

2013.............................................................................. 927 508 744 872 1,418

2014.............................................................................. 922 517 751 872 1,385

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price

Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical

notes section.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
50 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates,

1979-2014 annual averages

[In constant 2014 dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

Total

1979.............................................. $13.50 $10.61 $9.42 $12.22 $15.53 $15.81 $16.08 $15.68 $15.11 $9.82

1980.............................................. 13.21 10.16 8.82 11.75 15.21 15.51 15.78 15.48 14.77 9.75

1981.............................................. 12.88 9.92 8.95 11.52 14.98 15.22 15.50 15.02 14.52 9.80

1982.............................................. 12.74 9.55 8.49 10.99 14.81 14.98 15.59 15.14 14.41 9.72

1983.............................................. 12.65 9.23 8.17 10.61 14.82 14.71 15.63 15.23 14.50 9.95

1984.............................................. 12.65 9.07 7.92 10.46 14.84 14.69 15.55 15.36 14.36 10.04

1985.............................................. 12.67 8.95 7.71 10.38 14.81 14.54 15.74 15.48 14.52 9.96

1986.............................................. 12.78 9.09 7.65 10.43 14.91 14.45 16.06 15.94 14.78 10.25

1987.............................................. 12.91 9.16 7.60 10.40 14.89 14.35 15.85 15.69 14.81 10.14

1988.............................................. 12.94 9.21 7.75 10.35 14.88 14.29 15.71 15.69 14.38 10.06

1989.............................................. 12.90 9.13 7.79 10.42 14.65 14.10 15.79 15.54 14.43 10.00

1990.............................................. 12.71 9.07 7.89 10.39 14.34 13.88 15.50 15.45 14.09 10.11

1991.............................................. 12.71 8.92 7.95 10.17 14.37 13.63 15.54 15.44 13.88 10.07

1992.............................................. 12.76 8.88 7.82 9.97 14.43 13.50 15.50 15.74 14.02 10.15

1993.............................................. 12.69 8.89 7.74 9.92 14.44 13.34 15.50 15.90 14.35 10.31

1994.............................................. 12.65 8.88 7.76 9.83 14.41 13.24 15.67 15.83 14.25 10.09

1995.............................................. 12.61 8.95 7.78 9.91 14.44 13.44 15.46 15.63 14.20 10.26

1996.............................................. 12.63 8.93 7.77 10.06 14.47 13.26 15.25 15.40 14.12 10.18

1997.............................................. 12.87 9.04 8.10 10.16 14.51 13.29 15.24 15.59 14.31 10.13

1998.............................................. 13.21 9.55 8.53 10.51 14.70 14.01 15.76 15.91 14.63 10.74

1999.............................................. 13.54 9.76 8.64 10.99 14.87 14.18 15.65 16.09 14.74 10.94

2000.............................................. 13.63 9.96 8.82 11.10 14.97 14.00 15.61 16.26 14.88 11.07

2001.............................................. 13.62 10.28 9.04 11.20 15.24 14.26 16.00 16.27 15.20 11.40

2002.............................................. 13.78 10.28 9.09 11.14 15.57 14.45 16.03 16.39 15.59 11.93

2003.............................................. 13.96 10.17 8.92 11.15 15.51 14.48 16.04 16.69 15.69 11.83

2004.............................................. 13.78 10.00 8.77 11.00 15.33 14.25 16.15 16.58 15.76 12.06

2005.............................................. 13.56 9.78 8.55 10.80 15.13 14.25 15.89 16.34 15.70 12.04

2006.............................................. 13.80 9.67 8.49 10.75 15.19 14.03 15.83 16.47 15.65 11.91

2007.............................................. 13.64 9.87 8.64 11.03 15.02 13.76 15.90 16.43 15.65 11.84

2008.............................................. 13.45 9.76 8.62 10.74 15.19 13.75 15.82 16.36 15.62 11.98

2009.............................................. 13.73 9.82 8.74 10.78 15.35 13.91 16.10 16.39 16.23 12.68

2010.............................................. 13.57 9.66 8.69 10.35 15.18 13.60 15.86 16.26 16.17 12.54

2011.............................................. 13.38 9.44 8.48 10.12 14.86 13.38 15.61 15.79 15.86 12.83

2012.............................................. 13.20 9.33 8.35 10.00 14.69 13.22 15.32 15.54 15.87 12.59

2013.............................................. 13.14 9.31 8.32 9.99 14.74 13.09 15.22 15.42 15.87 12.67

2014.............................................. 13.14 9.55 8.43 9.98 14.80 13.13 15.11 15.39 15.36 13.02

Women

1979.............................................. $11.00 $9.70 $9.21 $10.70 $11.85 $12.28 $12.07 $11.67 $11.40 $9.48

1980.............................................. 10.82 9.45 8.60 10.38 11.62 12.16 11.75 11.59 11.18 9.26

1981.............................................. 10.70 9.28 8.80 10.22 11.72 12.22 11.92 11.48 11.08 9.28

1982.............................................. 10.87 8.92 8.37 9.88 11.84 12.24 11.98 11.67 11.32 9.27

1983.............................................. 10.86 8.64 8.03 9.64 11.83 12.31 12.01 11.74 11.47 9.41

1984.............................................. 10.78 8.52 7.79 9.46 11.89 12.15 12.17 11.95 11.43 9.48

1985.............................................. 10.78 8.42 7.58 9.58 12.04 12.16 12.42 12.10 11.47 9.31

1986.............................................. 10.99 8.47 7.53 9.71 12.27 12.27 12.64 12.35 11.86 9.75

1987.............................................. 11.18 8.42 7.41 9.76 12.30 12.26 12.67 12.53 12.04 9.68

1988.............................................. 11.23 8.62 7.52 9.71 12.38 12.23 13.00 12.67 11.69 9.85

1989.............................................. 11.27 8.65 7.56 9.65 12.51 12.32 13.10 12.73 11.77 9.48

1990.............................................. 11.32 8.70 7.64 9.79 12.43 12.32 12.95 12.58 11.83 9.58

1991.............................................. 11.44 8.61 7.86 9.68 12.44 12.19 13.10 12.90 11.78 9.76

1992.............................................. 11.50 8.53 7.75 9.54 12.64 12.31 13.21 13.12 11.90 9.87

1993.............................................. 11.48 8.50 7.63 9.61 12.69 12.27 13.16 13.19 12.19 9.97

1994.............................................. 11.45 8.40 7.63 9.45 12.72 12.29 13.33 13.36 12.35 9.86
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 51

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates,

1979-2014 annual averages — Continued

[In constant 2014 dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

1995.............................................. 11.51 8.47 7.62 9.40 12.61 12.22 13.32 13.46 12.24 9.95

1996.............................................. 11.62 8.54 7.65 9.41 12.68 12.12 13.37 13.44 12.14 9.70

1997.............................................. 11.68 8.75 7.97 9.63 12.87 12.06 13.44 13.62 12.22 10.04

1998.............................................. 11.94 9.06 8.39 10.06 13.25 12.77 14.02 14.19 12.84 10.46

1999.............................................. 12.27 9.38 8.49 10.26 13.54 12.93 13.96 14.13 13.25 10.65

2000.............................................. 12.46 9.63 8.57 10.73 13.60 13.33 13.80 14.00 13.54 10.83

2001.............................................. 12.89 9.69 8.84 10.70 13.64 13.29 13.96 14.51 13.89 10.88

2002.............................................. 13.01 9.80 8.95 10.67 14.09 13.32 14.45 14.71 14.22 11.49

2003.............................................. 12.97 9.77 8.82 10.54 14.17 13.53 14.38 15.17 14.22 11.38

2004.............................................. 12.74 9.66 8.60 10.43 14.07 13.31 14.35 14.97 14.50 11.48

2005.............................................. 12.50 9.45 8.39 10.30 14.04 13.16 14.35 14.70 14.38 11.90

2006.............................................. 12.50 9.38 8.35 10.35 13.93 12.99 14.14 14.39 14.23 11.70

2007.............................................. 12.53 9.30 8.46 10.27 13.76 12.80 14.11 14.67 13.96 11.59

2008.............................................. 12.64 9.27 8.48 10.08 13.73 12.89 14.18 14.48 14.30 11.58

2009.............................................. 12.98 9.47 8.63 10.14 14.08 13.20 14.35 14.45 15.00 12.26

2010.............................................. 12.84 9.36 8.59 9.86 13.98 13.07 14.25 14.66 14.85 12.14

2011.............................................. 12.61 9.19 8.38 9.64 13.79 12.76 14.15 14.48 14.77 12.38

2012.............................................. 12.36 9.05 8.27 9.45 13.58 12.53 13.88 14.23 14.80 12.21

2013.............................................. 12.32 9.08 8.22 9.55 13.58 12.43 13.99 14.17 14.77 12.42

2014.............................................. 12.18 9.14 8.29 9.77 13.50 12.25 14.00 14.14 14.19 12.47

Men

1979.............................................. $17.17 $11.85 $9.70 $14.10 $20.33 $19.39 $21.64 $21.58 $20.03 $10.82

1980.............................................. 16.71 11.23 9.23 13.48 19.78 18.99 21.40 21.32 19.84 10.38

1981.............................................. 16.42 10.78 9.10 12.78 19.45 18.32 20.75 21.22 19.70 10.52

1982.............................................. 16.16 10.33 8.63 12.08 19.06 18.09 20.97 20.94 19.20 10.52

1983.............................................. 15.66 9.91 8.30 11.43 18.80 17.51 20.86 20.72 19.77 10.75

1984.............................................. 15.44 9.91 8.07 11.19 18.66 17.09 20.63 21.02 19.22 10.65

1985.............................................. 15.40 9.83 7.88 10.99 18.59 16.81 20.59 20.95 18.99 10.48

1986.............................................. 15.65 9.88 7.88 11.20 18.60 16.56 20.60 20.93 19.67 10.68

1987.............................................. 15.51 9.80 7.88 11.34 18.28 16.49 20.16 20.44 19.40 10.62

1988.............................................. 15.21 9.67 7.96 11.13 18.04 16.17 19.65 20.56 18.73 10.62

1989.............................................. 14.94 9.54 8.10 11.11 17.92 15.79 19.54 20.07 18.45 10.89

1990.............................................. 14.53 9.56 8.15 10.86 17.29 15.52 18.86 19.56 17.87 10.69

1991.............................................. 14.56 9.46 8.03 10.56 16.92 15.15 18.61 19.85 17.08 10.54

1992.............................................. 14.33 9.34 7.93 10.31 16.63 14.91 18.07 19.87 17.17 10.66

1993.............................................. 14.29 9.27 7.85 10.21 16.42 14.68 18.00 19.60 17.68 10.82

1994.............................................. 14.22 9.29 7.87 10.36 16.26 14.38 18.17 19.12 17.47 10.49

1995.............................................. 14.24 9.32 7.93 10.52 16.56 14.60 18.35 19.01 17.15 10.57

1996.............................................. 14.32 9.28 7.89 10.51 16.21 14.59 17.91 18.65 16.77 10.59

1997.............................................. 14.46 9.49 8.25 10.56 16.32 14.59 17.75 18.82 17.34 10.24

1998.............................................. 14.60 10.03 8.68 11.29 17.01 14.83 18.11 18.93 17.74 11.23

1999.............................................. 14.64 10.11 8.78 11.41 17.05 15.40 18.15 19.43 17.34 11.16

2000.............................................. 14.87 10.50 9.13 11.54 16.84 15.09 18.07 19.12 17.62 11.43

2001.............................................. 15.13 10.71 9.22 11.93 17.22 15.48 18.61 19.05 17.31 12.03

2002.............................................. 15.32 10.59 9.24 11.68 17.17 15.64 18.37 18.95 17.61 12.87

2003.............................................. 15.30 10.48 9.03 11.58 17.05 15.46 18.19 19.21 18.13 12.60

2004.............................................. 15.06 10.29 8.96 11.37 17.22 15.08 18.30 18.93 18.22 12.41

2005.............................................. 14.74 10.21 8.74 11.15 16.86 14.75 18.04 18.34 17.93 12.17

2006.............................................. 14.88 10.32 8.72 11.44 16.75 14.82 17.68 18.83 17.65 12.58

2007.............................................. 14.78 10.42 8.87 11.37 16.84 14.65 17.32 18.44 17.64 12.57

2008.............................................. 14.81 10.17 8.78 11.00 16.53 14.82 17.62 18.50 17.49 12.65

2009.............................................. 15.19 10.18 8.89 11.03 16.63 14.57 17.77 18.75 17.76 13.25

2010.............................................. 14.94 10.00 8.78 10.75 16.33 14.22 17.19 18.34 17.86 12.94

2011.............................................. 14.53 9.72 8.59 10.42 15.91 13.87 16.87 17.77 17.97 13.53
52 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates,

1979-2014 annual averages — Continued

[In constant 2014 dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

2012.............................................. 14.31 9.73 8.44 10.28 15.64 13.69 16.55 17.52 17.81 13.43

2013.............................................. 14.23 9.83 8.51 10.16 15.52 13.64 16.47 17.45 17.56 13.09

2014.............................................. 14.39 9.89 8.63 10.15 15.76 14.08 16.55 17.41 17.46 13.98

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price

Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical

notes section.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 53

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and

salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2014 annual averages

[In constant 2014 dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic or

Latino

ethnicity

Total

1979.............................................................................. $13.50 $13.71 $12.49 – $12.40

1980.............................................................................. 13.21 13.37 12.16 – 12.16

1981.............................................................................. 12.88 12.95 12.25 – 12.02

1982.............................................................................. 12.74 12.90 11.93 – 11.82

1983.............................................................................. 12.65 12.81 11.65 – 11.52

1984.............................................................................. 12.65 12.80 11.63 – 11.43

1985.............................................................................. 12.67 12.82 11.55 – 11.49

1986.............................................................................. 12.78 12.95 11.96 – 11.65

1987.............................................................................. 12.91 13.09 11.96 – 11.62

1988.............................................................................. 12.94 13.10 11.83 – 11.44

1989.............................................................................. 12.90 13.06 11.86 – 11.20

1990.............................................................................. 12.71 12.88 11.97 – 11.04

1991.............................................................................. 12.71 12.90 11.86 – 10.95

1992.............................................................................. 12.76 12.93 11.67 – 10.99

1993.............................................................................. 12.69 12.85 11.58 – 11.02

1994.............................................................................. 12.65 12.81 11.52 – 10.95

1995.............................................................................. 12.61 12.84 11.82 – 10.80

1996.............................................................................. 12.63 12.89 11.67 – 10.78

1997.............................................................................. 12.87 13.06 11.78 – 10.87

1998.............................................................................. 13.21 13.38 12.18 – 11.49

1999.............................................................................. 13.54 13.84 12.57 – 11.46

2000.............................................................................. 13.63 13.70 12.85 $13.85 11.75

2001.............................................................................. 13.62 13.72 13.07 14.37 12.11

2002.............................................................................. 13.78 14.09 13.07 13.63 12.13

2003.............................................................................. 13.96 14.12 13.06 14.31 12.56

2004.............................................................................. 13.78 13.95 12.77 13.91 12.29

2005.............................................................................. 13.56 13.92 12.33 14.56 12.06

2006.............................................................................. 13.80 13.92 12.51 14.71 11.88

2007.............................................................................. 13.64 13.79 12.43 13.95 11.69

2008.............................................................................. 13.45 13.80 12.32 14.31 12.07

2009.............................................................................. 13.73 13.97 12.85 14.53 12.19

2010.............................................................................. 13.57 13.83 12.78 14.35 11.81

2011.............................................................................. 13.38 13.59 12.41 14.05 11.63

2012.............................................................................. 13.20 13.44 12.21 13.64 11.46

2013.............................................................................. 13.14 13.36 12.09 13.84 11.43

2014.............................................................................. 13.14 13.57 11.88 14.00 11.83

Women

1979.............................................................................. $11.00 $11.00 $10.79 – $10.46

1980.............................................................................. 10.82 10.85 10.63 – 10.36

1981.............................................................................. 10.70 10.70 10.48 – 10.25

1982.............................................................................. 10.87 10.87 10.59 – 10.21

1983.............................................................................. 10.86 10.88 10.68 – 10.00

1984.............................................................................. 10.78 10.80 10.56 – 10.09

1985.............................................................................. 10.78 10.80 10.59 – 10.13

1986.............................................................................. 10.99 11.03 10.66 – 10.31

1987.............................................................................. 11.18 11.22 10.78 – 10.20

1988.............................................................................. 11.23 11.27 10.79 – 10.15

1989.............................................................................. 11.27 11.31 10.85 – 10.20

1990.............................................................................. 11.32 11.35 10.95 – 10.19

1991.............................................................................. 11.44 11.46 11.10 – 10.14

1992.............................................................................. 11.50 11.55 10.98 – 10.20

1993.............................................................................. 11.48 11.55 11.08 – 10.18

1994.............................................................................. 11.45 11.60 10.95 – 10.11
54 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and

salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2014 annual averages — Continued

[In constant 2014 dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic or

Latino

ethnicity

1995.............................................................................. 11.51 11.64 10.99 – 10.19

1996.............................................................................. 11.62 11.71 10.83 – 10.18

1997.............................................................................. 11.68 11.76 11.16 – 10.03

1998.............................................................................. 11.94 12.09 11.47 – 10.48

1999.............................................................................. 12.27 12.40 11.55 – 10.60

2000.............................................................................. 12.46 12.50 12.19 $13.44 10.85

2001.............................................................................. 12.89 13.01 12.23 13.46 11.07

2002.............................................................................. 13.01 13.08 12.43 13.29 11.24

2003.............................................................................. 12.97 13.01 12.75 13.75 11.43

2004.............................................................................. 12.74 12.79 12.44 13.25 11.33

2005.............................................................................. 12.50 12.73 12.04 14.11 11.13

2006.............................................................................. 12.50 12.64 11.87 14.03 11.15

2007.............................................................................. 12.53 12.63 11.93 13.50 11.19

2008.............................................................................. 12.64 12.87 11.86 13.48 11.08

2009.............................................................................. 12.98 13.06 12.15 13.98 11.14

2010.............................................................................. 12.84 12.90 12.16 13.47 10.98

2011.............................................................................. 12.61 12.68 11.87 13.47 10.79

2012.............................................................................. 12.36 12.45 11.58 13.14 10.53

2013.............................................................................. 12.32 12.41 11.73 13.25 10.66

2014.............................................................................. 12.18 12.38 11.57 13.23 10.72

Men

1979.............................................................................. $17.17 $17.60 $14.86 – $14.56

1980.............................................................................. 16.71 17.07 14.19 – 13.78

1981.............................................................................. 16.42 16.78 14.52 – 13.42

1982.............................................................................. 16.16 16.46 14.08 – 13.51

1983.............................................................................. 15.66 16.00 13.48 – 13.14

1984.............................................................................. 15.44 15.75 13.36 – 13.10

1985.............................................................................. 15.40 15.92 12.92 – 12.75

1986.............................................................................. 15.65 16.04 13.55 – 12.76

1987.............................................................................. 15.51 15.83 13.45 – 12.71

1988.............................................................................. 15.21 15.50 13.35 – 12.52

1989.............................................................................. 14.94 15.28 13.04 – 12.29

1990.............................................................................. 14.53 15.03 12.95 – 11.85

1991.............................................................................. 14.56 14.95 12.83 – 11.66

1992.............................................................................. 14.33 14.69 12.60 – 11.55

1993.............................................................................. 14.29 14.63 12.37 – 11.48

1994.............................................................................. 14.22 14.55 12.51 – 11.33

1995.............................................................................. 14.24 14.85 12.59 – 11.20

1996.............................................................................. 14.32 14.72 12.30 – 11.46

1997.............................................................................. 14.46 14.65 12.75 – 11.62

1998.............................................................................. 14.60 14.78 13.19 – 11.96

1999.............................................................................. 14.64 15.07 13.88 – 12.23

2000.............................................................................. 14.87 15.06 13.73 $14.84 12.43

2001.............................................................................. 15.13 15.52 13.61 15.83 12.93

2002.............................................................................. 15.32 15.61 13.47 14.50 13.05

2003.............................................................................. 15.30 15.48 13.91 15.30 12.91

2004.............................................................................. 15.06 15.24 13.63 14.91 12.56

2005.............................................................................. 14.74 15.12 13.21 15.45 12.35

2006.............................................................................. 14.88 15.12 13.40 15.47 12.72

2007.............................................................................. 14.78 15.09 13.21 15.09 12.64

2008.............................................................................. 14.81 15.24 13.19 15.43 13.01

2009.............................................................................. 15.19 15.40 13.54 15.46 13.16

2010.............................................................................. 14.94 15.17 13.20 15.32 12.74

2011.............................................................................. 14.53 14.76 12.69 15.00 12.43
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 55

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and

salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2014 annual averages — Continued

[In constant 2014 dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic or

Latino

ethnicity

2012.............................................................................. 14.31 14.61 12.58 14.59 12.33

2013.............................................................................. 14.23 14.47 12.36 14.47 12.18

2014.............................................................................. 14.39 14.86 12.21 14.66 12.38

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for

the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more

than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main

race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not

tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer

Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the

technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
56 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 1979-2014 annual

averages

[In current dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

Total

1979.............................................. $241 $172 $144 $186 $265 $255 $280 $276 $262 $198

1980.............................................. 262 187 154 200 286 276 302 298 285 203

1981.............................................. 284 200 161 213 308 296 326 320 309 222

1982.............................................. 302 208 164 220 327 311 354 345 325 253

1983.............................................. 313 211 164 223 343 321 370 367 346 261

1984.............................................. 326 217 169 231 362 335 389 385 366 272

1985.............................................. 344 224 174 240 379 349 406 400 381 297

1986.............................................. 359 232 178 248 391 360 419 416 397 298

1987.............................................. 374 243 186 259 403 373 435 429 405 310

1988.............................................. 385 249 196 266 414 383 450 453 419 323

1989.............................................. 399 259 204 276 427 394 472 472 431 334

1990.............................................. 412 269 209 285 449 407 486 489 457 343

1991.............................................. 426 277 213 291 467 415 498 507 469 381

1992.............................................. 440 276 212 290 479 422 503 522 483 378

1993.............................................. 459 282 214 297 491 436 517 542 492 393

1994.............................................. 467 286 221 300 500 439 537 566 501 384

1995.............................................. 479 292 231 306 510 451 550 582 514 389

1996.............................................. 490 298 240 312 520 463 559 594 535 384

1997.............................................. 503 306 252 321 540 481 579 607 558 393

1998.............................................. 523 319 268 339 572 502 597 620 592 405

1999.............................................. 549 341 281 363 592 518 611 652 604 404

2000.............................................. 576 361 297 383 609 549 625 669 620 463

2001.............................................. 596 375 305 394 630 576 657 693 638 488

2002.............................................. 608 381 305 399 646 591 668 706 674 502

2003.............................................. 620 387 311 402 662 594 687 723 708 516

2004.............................................. 638 390 309 406 683 604 713 743 725 560

2005.............................................. 651 397 318 411 696 610 731 748 742 569

2006.............................................. 671 409 324 423 718 621 748 773 765 583

2007.............................................. 695 424 337 450 738 643 769 790 803 605

2008.............................................. 722 443 349 467 761 666 804 822 825 644

2009.............................................. 739 442 344 464 774 678 817 838 841 684

2010.............................................. 747 432 347 454 782 682 824 844 860 684

2011.............................................. 756 440 352 457 797 693 837 866 881 742

2012.............................................. 768 444 356 464 815 707 858 878 897 757

2013.............................................. 776 454 373 472 827 708 874 883 904 801

2014.............................................. 791 477 378 491 839 726 881 899 911 824

Women

1979.............................................. $182 $154 $132 $161 $195 $199 $196 $192 $189 $170

1980.............................................. 201 167 145 175 213 218 214 209 205 175

1981.............................................. 219 180 154 191 233 239 238 225 222 189

1982.............................................. 239 192 158 201 255 258 258 252 245 211

1983.............................................. 252 198 158 207 268 272 272 264 257 212

1984.............................................. 265 203 162 213 283 285 292 279 270 219

1985.............................................. 277 211 166 221 296 296 307 292 285 242

1986.............................................. 291 219 170 231 308 306 319 308 296 256

1987.............................................. 303 227 172 242 321 316 337 324 308 261

1988.............................................. 315 235 184 251 335 327 354 339 317 280

1989.............................................. 328 246 197 260 351 340 370 357 333 292

1990.............................................. 346 254 198 269 369 356 390 377 348 300

1991.............................................. 366 266 205 280 387 371 407 398 363 319

1992.............................................. 380 267 205 280 400 382 418 417 376 328

1993.............................................. 393 273 205 289 415 395 435 440 395 335

1994.............................................. 399 276 211 290 421 397 448 450 398 336
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 57

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 1979-2014 annual

averages — Continued

[In current dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

1995.............................................. 406 275 215 291 428 403 453 464 403 353

1996.............................................. 418 284 223 298 444 415 463 481 420 334

1997.............................................. 431 292 240 306 462 427 482 495 433 348

1998.............................................. 456 305 249 319 485 451 498 516 476 350

1999.............................................. 473 324 266 343 497 470 503 534 492 370

2000.............................................. 493 344 283 366 516 493 521 564 508 392

2001.............................................. 512 353 288 375 543 512 547 587 536 390

2002.............................................. 529 367 295 385 568 530 571 602 574 430

2003.............................................. 552 371 299 387 584 546 590 609 601 435

2004.............................................. 573 375 293 391 599 561 608 625 615 478

2005.............................................. 585 381 304 396 612 573 621 644 639 492

2006.............................................. 600 395 305 413 627 583 645 659 658 510

2007.............................................. 614 409 318 426 646 597 668 677 679 534

2008.............................................. 638 420 322 445 670 623 682 707 711 563

2009.............................................. 657 424 323 445 687 634 709 712 727 602

2010.............................................. 669 422 336 439 704 648 731 730 736 601

2011.............................................. 684 421 328 438 718 662 734 744 749 664

2012.............................................. 691 416 330 429 727 666 747 746 766 667

2013.............................................. 706 423 350 442 740 665 767 761 779 691

2014.............................................. 719 451 357 468 752 679 781 780 780 740

Men

1979.............................................. $292 $196 $155 $211 $314 $295 $336 $338 $312 $219

1980.............................................. 313 208 162 224 339 314 367 367 345 229

1981.............................................. 340 218 168 237 372 340 397 396 377 266

1982.............................................. 364 225 170 244 393 358 422 419 399 300

1983.............................................. 379 223 168 242 407 371 442 444 416 308

1984.............................................. 392 231 174 250 422 382 471 470 439 328

1985.............................................. 407 241 183 258 443 394 487 489 467 367

1986.............................................. 419 246 186 264 463 402 499 506 484 358

1987.............................................. 434 257 196 275 477 412 510 520 495 380

1988.............................................. 449 262 205 279 487 421 517 549 509 395

1989.............................................. 468 271 209 290 500 434 542 569 521 393

1990.............................................. 481 282 218 298 512 449 560 591 546 403

1991.............................................. 493 285 219 300 523 458 576 612 563 467

1992.............................................. 501 284 218 297 536 466 581 634 579 421

1993.............................................. 510 288 221 303 555 476 596 653 586 451

1994.............................................. 522 294 228 307 576 479 617 671 603 441

1995.............................................. 538 303 244 315 588 490 624 685 623 441

1996.............................................. 557 307 251 321 599 499 632 698 643 477

1997.............................................. 579 317 262 338 615 515 651 713 669 452

1998.............................................. 598 334 281 357 639 544 677 732 699 482

1999.............................................. 618 356 291 379 668 577 702 763 725 470

2000.............................................. 641 375 306 395 693 598 728 771 735 522

2001.............................................. 670 391 319 408 720 617 754 799 760 565

2002.............................................. 679 391 312 410 732 627 759 807 802 583

2003.............................................. 695 398 321 412 744 628 775 834 827 612

2004.............................................. 713 400 318 417 762 639 804 857 843 641

2005.............................................. 722 409 330 422 771 644 822 853 855 644

2006.............................................. 743 418 348 435 797 661 836 897 902 658

2007.............................................. 766 443 357 472 823 687 873 909 933 686

2008.............................................. 798 461 369 481 857 704 915 944 943 753

2009.............................................. 819 458 356 479 873 715 916 967 965 791

2010.............................................. 824 443 355 468 874 714 915 954 979 794

2011.............................................. 832 455 370 470 886 717 935 979 997 821
58 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 1979-2014 annual

averages — Continued

[In current dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

2012.............................................. 854 468 373 482 910 738 957 994 1,005 860

2013.............................................. 860 479 390 492 912 744 956 994 1,011 937

2014.............................................. 871 493 392 507 922 755 964 1,011 1,021 942

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 59

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino

ethnicity, 1979-2014 annual averages

[In current dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

ethnicity

Total

1979.............................................................................. $241 $248 $199 – $194

1980.............................................................................. 262 269 212 – 209

1981.............................................................................. 284 291 235 – 223

1982.............................................................................. 302 310 245 – 240

1983.............................................................................. 313 320 261 – 250

1984.............................................................................. 326 336 269 – 259

1985.............................................................................. 344 356 277 – 270

1986.............................................................................. 359 371 291 – 277

1987.............................................................................. 374 384 301 – 285

1988.............................................................................. 385 395 314 – 290

1989.............................................................................. 399 409 319 – 298

1990.............................................................................. 412 424 329 – 304

1991.............................................................................. 426 442 348 – 312

1992.............................................................................. 440 458 357 – 321

1993.............................................................................. 459 475 369 – 331

1994.............................................................................. 467 484 371 – 324

1995.............................................................................. 479 494 383 – 329

1996.............................................................................. 490 506 387 – 339

1997.............................................................................. 503 519 400 – 351

1998.............................................................................. 523 545 426 – 370

1999.............................................................................. 549 573 445 – 385

2000.............................................................................. 576 590 474 $615 399

2001.............................................................................. 596 610 491 639 417

2002.............................................................................. 608 623 498 658 424

2003.............................................................................. 620 636 514 693 440

2004.............................................................................. 638 657 525 708 456

2005.............................................................................. 651 672 520 753 471

2006.............................................................................. 671 690 554 784 486

2007.............................................................................. 695 716 569 830 503

2008.............................................................................. 722 742 589 861 529

2009.............................................................................. 739 757 601 880 541

2010.............................................................................. 747 765 611 855 535

2011.............................................................................. 756 775 615 866 549

2012.............................................................................. 768 792 621 920 568

2013.............................................................................. 776 802 629 942 578

2014.............................................................................. 791 816 639 953 594

Women

1979.............................................................................. $182 $184 $169 – $157

1980.............................................................................. 201 203 185 – 172

1981.............................................................................. 219 221 206 – 190

1982.............................................................................. 239 242 217 – 203

1983.............................................................................. 252 254 232 – 215

1984.............................................................................. 265 268 241 – 223

1985.............................................................................. 277 281 252 – 230

1986.............................................................................. 291 294 264 – 241

1987.............................................................................. 303 307 276 – 251

1988.............................................................................. 315 318 288 – 260

1989.............................................................................. 328 334 301 – 269

1990.............................................................................. 346 353 308 – 278

1991.............................................................................. 366 373 323 – 292

1992.............................................................................. 380 387 335 – 302

1993.............................................................................. 393 401 348 – 313

1994.............................................................................. 399 408 346 – 305
60 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino

ethnicity, 1979-2014 annual averages — Continued

[In current dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

ethnicity

1995.............................................................................. 406 415 355 – 305

1996.............................................................................. 418 428 362 – 316

1997.............................................................................. 431 444 375 – 318

1998.............................................................................. 456 468 400 – 337

1999.............................................................................. 473 483 409 – 348

2000.............................................................................. 493 502 429 $547 366

2001.............................................................................. 512 522 454 563 388

2002.............................................................................. 529 547 473 566 397

2003.............................................................................. 552 567 491 598 410

2004.............................................................................. 573 584 505 613 419

2005.............................................................................. 585 596 499 665 429

2006.............................................................................. 600 609 519 699 440

2007.............................................................................. 614 626 533 731 473

2008.............................................................................. 638 654 554 753 501

2009.............................................................................. 657 669 582 779 509

2010.............................................................................. 669 684 592 773 508

2011.............................................................................. 684 703 595 751 518

2012.............................................................................. 691 710 599 770 521

2013.............................................................................. 706 722 606 819 541

2014.............................................................................. 719 734 611 841 548

Men

1979.............................................................................. $292 $298 $227 – $219

1980.............................................................................. 313 320 244 – 234

1981.............................................................................. 340 350 268 – 251

1982.............................................................................. 364 375 278 – 269

1983.............................................................................. 379 387 294 – 274

1984.............................................................................. 392 401 303 – 287

1985.............................................................................. 407 418 305 – 296

1986.............................................................................. 419 433 319 – 299

1987.............................................................................. 434 450 327 – 306

1988.............................................................................. 449 465 348 – 308

1989.............................................................................. 468 482 348 – 315

1990.............................................................................. 481 494 361 – 318

1991.............................................................................. 493 506 375 – 323

1992.............................................................................. 501 514 380 – 339

1993.............................................................................. 510 524 392 – 346

1994.............................................................................. 522 547 400 – 343

1995.............................................................................. 538 566 411 – 350

1996.............................................................................. 557 580 412 – 356

1997.............................................................................. 579 595 432 – 371

1998.............................................................................. 598 615 468 – 390

1999.............................................................................. 618 638 488 – 406

2000.............................................................................. 641 662 510 $685 417

2001.............................................................................. 670 689 529 732 440

2002.............................................................................. 679 702 524 756 451

2003.............................................................................. 695 715 555 772 464

2004.............................................................................. 713 732 569 802 480

2005.............................................................................. 722 743 559 825 489

2006.............................................................................. 743 761 591 882 505

2007.............................................................................. 766 788 600 936 520

2008.............................................................................. 798 825 620 966 559

2009.............................................................................. 819 845 621 952 569

2010.............................................................................. 824 850 633 936 560

2011.............................................................................. 832 856 653 970 571
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 61

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino

ethnicity, 1979-2014 annual averages — Continued

[In current dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

ethnicity

2012.............................................................................. 854 879 665 1,055 592

2013.............................................................................. 860 884 664 1,059 594

2014.............................................................................. 871 897 680 1,080 616

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for

the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more

than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main

race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not

tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates

data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
62 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by

educational attainment, 1979-2014 annual averages

[In current dollars]

Year

Total, 25

years and

older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some college

or associate

degree

Bachelor’s

degree and

higher

Total

1979.............................................................................. $265 $210 $249 $282 $344

1980.............................................................................. 286 222 266 304 376

1981.............................................................................. 308 240 286 324 407

1982.............................................................................. 327 248 302 351 438

1983.............................................................................. 343 256 311 363 461

1984.............................................................................. 362 263 323 382 486

1985.............................................................................. 379 270 333 399 506

1986.............................................................................. 391 278 344 409 525

1987.............................................................................. 403 284 356 421 564

1988.............................................................................. 414 288 368 430 585

1989.............................................................................. 427 297 375 452 609

1990.............................................................................. 449 303 386 476 638

1991.............................................................................. 467 307 397 489 666

1992.............................................................................. 479 311 403 484 696

1993.............................................................................. 491 314 415 494 715

1994.............................................................................. 500 307 421 499 733

1995.............................................................................. 510 309 432 508 747

1996.............................................................................. 520 317 443 518 758

1997.............................................................................. 540 321 461 535 779

1998.............................................................................. 572 337 479 558 821

1999.............................................................................. 592 346 490 580 860

2000.............................................................................. 609 362 505 596 891

2001.............................................................................. 630 382 520 617 921

2002.............................................................................. 646 388 535 629 941

2003.............................................................................. 662 396 554 639 964

2004.............................................................................. 683 401 574 661 986

2005.............................................................................. 696 409 583 670 1,013

2006.............................................................................. 718 419 595 692 1,039

2007.............................................................................. 738 428 604 704 1,072

2008.............................................................................. 761 453 618 722 1,115

2009.............................................................................. 774 454 626 726 1,137

2010.............................................................................. 782 444 626 734 1,144

2011.............................................................................. 797 451 638 739 1,150

2012.............................................................................. 815 471 652 749 1,165

2013.............................................................................. 827 472 651 748 1,194

2014.............................................................................. 839 488 668 761 1,193

Women

1979.............................................................................. $195 $152 $185 $211 $264

1980.............................................................................. 213 164 201 231 290

1981.............................................................................. 233 175 217 255 318

1982.............................................................................. 255 184 236 274 346

1983.............................................................................. 268 195 246 288 369

1984.............................................................................. 283 200 259 305 390

1985.............................................................................. 296 202 268 317 414

1986.............................................................................. 308 208 277 330 436

1987.............................................................................. 321 214 288 347 466

1988.............................................................................. 335 221 298 360 485

1989.............................................................................. 351 231 304 379 507

1990.............................................................................. 369 240 315 395 535

1991.............................................................................. 387 250 328 409 562

1992.............................................................................. 400 256 337 407 594

1993.............................................................................. 415 263 347 422 611

1994.............................................................................. 421 257 351 423 634

1995.............................................................................. 428 262 356 427 644
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 63

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by

educational attainment, 1979-2014 annual averages — Continued

[In current dollars]

Year

Total, 25

years and

older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some college

or associate

degree

Bachelor’s

degree and

higher

1996.............................................................................. 444 268 365 442 657

1997.............................................................................. 462 275 378 459 672

1998.............................................................................. 485 283 396 476 707

1999.............................................................................. 497 290 405 488 740

2000.............................................................................. 516 304 420 505 756

2001.............................................................................. 543 316 443 520 786

2002.............................................................................. 568 325 458 543 809

2003.............................................................................. 584 329 474 560 832

2004.............................................................................. 599 334 488 577 860

2005.............................................................................. 612 341 493 587 883

2006.............................................................................. 627 358 500 602 905

2007.............................................................................. 646 369 512 609 932

2008.............................................................................. 670 378 520 628 955

2009.............................................................................. 687 382 542 630 970

2010.............................................................................. 704 388 543 638 986

2011.............................................................................. 718 395 554 645 998

2012.............................................................................. 727 386 561 659 1,001

2013.............................................................................. 740 400 573 657 1,043

2014.............................................................................. 752 409 578 661 1,049

Men

1979.............................................................................. $314 $252 $308 $329 $396

1980.............................................................................. 339 267 327 358 427

1981.............................................................................. 372 286 356 389 475

1982.............................................................................. 393 293 374 411 503

1983.............................................................................. 407 301 388 422 518

1984.............................................................................. 422 308 399 446 562

1985.............................................................................. 443 314 407 472 590

1986.............................................................................. 463 321 416 485 618

1987.............................................................................. 477 324 423 497 653

1988.............................................................................. 487 332 437 503 679

1989.............................................................................. 500 346 450 517 705

1990.............................................................................. 512 349 459 542 741

1991.............................................................................. 523 349 470 563 764

1992.............................................................................. 536 351 479 555 791

1993.............................................................................. 555 356 487 572 806

1994.............................................................................. 576 342 496 587 826

1995.............................................................................. 588 347 507 596 845

1996.............................................................................. 599 357 516 604 874

1997.............................................................................. 615 365 535 621 896

1998.............................................................................. 639 383 559 643 939

1999.............................................................................. 668 395 580 665 977

2000.............................................................................. 693 406 591 691 1,020

2001.............................................................................. 720 419 609 723 1,067

2002.............................................................................. 732 421 617 731 1,090

2003.............................................................................. 744 429 628 740 1,131

2004.............................................................................. 762 446 645 761 1,143

2005.............................................................................. 771 455 652 766 1,167

2006.............................................................................. 797 469 678 796 1,205

2007.............................................................................. 823 481 689 810 1,243

2008.............................................................................. 857 497 709 830 1,285

2009.............................................................................. 873 500 716 835 1,327

2010.............................................................................. 874 486 710 845 1,330

2011.............................................................................. 886 488 720 840 1,332
64 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by

educational attainment, 1979-2014 annual averages — Continued

[In current dollars]

Year

Total, 25

years and

older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some college

or associate

degree

Bachelor’s

degree and

higher

2012.............................................................................. 910 508 735 857 1,371

2013.............................................................................. 912 500 732 858 1,395

2014.............................................................................. 922 517 751 872 1,385

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 65

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by age, 1979-2014 annual

averages

[In current dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

Total

1979.............................................. $4.44 $3.49 $3.10 $4.02 $5.11 $5.20 $5.29 $5.16 $4.97 $3.23

1980.............................................. 4.82 3.71 3.22 4.29 5.55 5.66 5.76 5.65 5.39 3.56

1981.............................................. 5.15 3.97 3.58 4.61 5.99 6.09 6.20 6.01 5.81 3.92

1982.............................................. 5.40 4.05 3.60 4.66 6.28 6.35 6.61 6.42 6.11 4.12

1983.............................................. 5.59 4.08 3.61 4.69 6.55 6.50 6.91 6.73 6.41 4.40

1984.............................................. 5.83 4.18 3.65 4.82 6.84 6.77 7.17 7.08 6.62 4.63

1985.............................................. 6.03 4.26 3.67 4.94 7.05 6.92 7.49 7.37 6.91 4.74

1986.............................................. 6.20 4.41 3.71 5.06 7.23 7.01 7.79 7.73 7.17 4.97

1987.............................................. 6.47 4.59 3.81 5.21 7.46 7.19 7.94 7.86 7.42 5.08

1988.............................................. 6.73 4.79 4.03 5.38 7.74 7.43 8.17 8.16 7.48 5.23

1989.............................................. 6.99 4.95 4.22 5.65 7.94 7.64 8.56 8.42 7.82 5.42

1990.............................................. 7.23 5.16 4.49 5.91 8.16 7.90 8.82 8.79 8.02 5.75

1991.............................................. 7.50 5.26 4.69 6.00 8.48 8.04 9.17 9.11 8.19 5.94

1992.............................................. 7.72 5.37 4.73 6.03 8.73 8.17 9.38 9.52 8.48 6.14

1993.............................................. 7.87 5.51 4.80 6.15 8.95 8.27 9.61 9.86 8.90 6.39

1994.............................................. 8.01 5.62 4.91 6.22 9.12 8.38 9.92 10.02 9.02 6.39

1995.............................................. 8.17 5.80 5.04 6.42 9.36 8.71 10.02 10.13 9.20 6.65

1996.............................................. 8.40 5.94 5.17 6.69 9.62 8.82 10.14 10.24 9.39 6.77

1997.............................................. 8.75 6.15 5.51 6.91 9.87 9.04 10.36 10.60 9.73 6.89

1998.............................................. 9.10 6.58 5.88 7.24 10.13 9.65 10.86 10.96 10.08 7.40

1999.............................................. 9.53 6.87 6.08 7.74 10.47 9.98 11.02 11.33 10.38 7.70

2000.............................................. 9.91 7.24 6.41 8.07 10.88 10.18 11.35 11.82 10.82 8.05

2001.............................................. 10.19 7.69 6.76 8.38 11.40 10.67 11.97 12.17 11.37 8.53

2002.............................................. 10.47 7.81 6.91 8.47 11.83 10.98 12.18 12.46 11.85 9.07

2003.............................................. 10.85 7.90 6.93 8.66 12.05 11.25 12.46 12.97 12.19 9.19

2004.............................................. 11.00 7.98 7.00 8.78 12.23 11.37 12.89 13.23 12.58 9.62

2005.............................................. 11.19 8.07 7.05 8.91 12.48 11.76 13.11 13.48 12.95 9.93

2006.............................................. 11.76 8.24 7.23 9.16 12.94 11.95 13.49 14.03 13.33 10.15

2007.............................................. 11.95 8.65 7.57 9.66 13.16 12.05 13.93 14.39 13.71 10.37

2008.............................................. 12.23 8.87 7.84 9.76 13.81 12.50 14.38 14.87 14.20 10.89

2009.............................................. 12.44 8.90 7.92 9.77 13.91 12.60 14.59 14.85 14.70 11.49

2010.............................................. 12.50 8.90 8.00 9.53 13.98 12.53 14.61 14.98 14.89 11.55

2011.............................................. 12.71 8.97 8.06 9.61 14.12 12.71 14.83 15.00 15.07 12.19

2012.............................................. 12.80 9.05 8.10 9.70 14.25 12.82 14.86 15.07 15.39 12.21

2013.............................................. 12.93 9.16 8.19 9.83 14.50 12.88 14.98 15.17 15.62 12.47

2014.............................................. 13.14 9.55 8.43 9.98 14.80 13.13 15.11 15.39 15.36 13.02

Women

1979.............................................. $3.62 $3.19 $3.03 $3.52 $3.90 $4.04 $3.97 $3.84 $3.75 $3.12

1980.............................................. 3.95 3.45 3.14 3.79 4.24 4.44 4.29 4.23 4.08 3.38

1981.............................................. 4.28 3.71 3.52 4.09 4.69 4.89 4.77 4.59 4.43 3.71

1982.............................................. 4.61 3.78 3.55 4.19 5.02 5.19 5.08 4.95 4.80 3.93

1983.............................................. 4.80 3.82 3.55 4.26 5.23 5.44 5.31 5.19 5.07 4.16

1984.............................................. 4.97 3.93 3.59 4.36 5.48 5.60 5.61 5.51 5.27 4.37

1985.............................................. 5.13 4.01 3.61 4.56 5.73 5.79 5.91 5.76 5.46 4.43

1986.............................................. 5.33 4.11 3.65 4.71 5.95 5.95 6.13 5.99 5.75 4.73

1987.............................................. 5.60 4.22 3.71 4.89 6.16 6.14 6.35 6.28 6.03 4.85

1988.............................................. 5.84 4.48 3.91 5.05 6.44 6.36 6.76 6.59 6.08 5.12

1989.............................................. 6.11 4.69 4.10 5.23 6.78 6.68 7.10 6.90 6.38 5.14

1990.............................................. 6.44 4.95 4.35 5.57 7.07 7.01 7.37 7.16 6.73 5.45

1991.............................................. 6.75 5.08 4.64 5.71 7.34 7.19 7.73 7.61 6.95 5.76

1992.............................................. 6.96 5.16 4.69 5.77 7.65 7.45 7.99 7.94 7.20 5.97

1993.............................................. 7.12 5.27 4.73 5.96 7.87 7.61 8.16 8.18 7.56 6.18

1994.............................................. 7.25 5.32 4.83 5.98 8.05 7.78 8.44 8.46 7.82 6.24
66 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by age, 1979-2014 annual

averages — Continued

[In current dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

1995.............................................. 7.46 5.49 4.94 6.09 8.17 7.92 8.63 8.72 7.93 6.45

1996.............................................. 7.73 5.68 5.09 6.26 8.43 8.06 8.89 8.94 8.07 6.45

1997.............................................. 7.94 5.95 5.42 6.55 8.75 8.20 9.14 9.26 8.31 6.83

1998.............................................. 8.23 6.24 5.78 6.93 9.13 8.80 9.66 9.78 8.85 7.21

1999.............................................. 8.64 6.60 5.98 7.22 9.53 9.10 9.83 9.95 9.33 7.50

2000.............................................. 9.06 7.00 6.23 7.80 9.89 9.69 10.03 10.18 9.84 7.87

2001.............................................. 9.64 7.25 6.61 8.00 10.20 9.94 10.44 10.85 10.39 8.14

2002.............................................. 9.89 7.45 6.80 8.11 10.71 10.12 10.98 11.18 10.81 8.73

2003.............................................. 10.08 7.59 6.85 8.19 11.01 10.51 11.17 11.79 11.05 8.84

2004.............................................. 10.17 7.71 6.86 8.32 11.23 10.62 11.45 11.95 11.57 9.16

2005.............................................. 10.31 7.80 6.92 8.50 11.58 10.86 11.84 12.13 11.86 9.82

2006.............................................. 10.65 7.99 7.11 8.82 11.87 11.07 12.05 12.26 12.12 9.97

2007.............................................. 10.98 8.15 7.41 9.00 12.05 11.21 12.36 12.85 12.23 10.15

2008.............................................. 11.49 8.43 7.71 9.16 12.48 11.72 12.89 13.16 13.00 10.53

2009.............................................. 11.76 8.58 7.82 9.19 12.76 11.96 13.00 13.09 13.59 11.11

2010.............................................. 11.83 8.62 7.91 9.08 12.88 12.04 13.12 13.50 13.68 11.18

2011.............................................. 11.98 8.73 7.96 9.16 13.10 12.12 13.44 13.76 14.03 11.76

2012.............................................. 11.99 8.78 8.02 9.17 13.17 12.15 13.46 13.80 14.36 11.84

2013.............................................. 12.12 8.93 8.09 9.40 13.36 12.23 13.77 13.94 14.53 12.22

2014.............................................. 12.18 9.14 8.29 9.77 13.50 12.25 14.00 14.14 14.19 12.47

Men

1979.............................................. $5.65 $3.90 $3.19 $4.64 $6.69 $6.38 $7.12 $7.10 $6.59 $3.56

1980.............................................. 6.10 4.10 3.37 4.92 7.22 6.93 7.81 7.78 7.24 3.79

1981.............................................. 6.57 4.31 3.64 5.11 7.78 7.33 8.30 8.49 7.88 4.21

1982.............................................. 6.85 4.38 3.66 5.12 8.08 7.67 8.89 8.88 8.14 4.46

1983.............................................. 6.92 4.38 3.67 5.05 8.31 7.74 9.22 9.16 8.74 4.75

1984.............................................. 7.12 4.57 3.72 5.16 8.60 7.88 9.51 9.69 8.86 4.91

1985.............................................. 7.33 4.68 3.75 5.23 8.85 8.00 9.80 9.97 9.04 4.99

1986.............................................. 7.59 4.79 3.82 5.43 9.02 8.03 9.99 10.15 9.54 5.18

1987.............................................. 7.77 4.91 3.95 5.68 9.16 8.26 10.10 10.24 9.72 5.32

1988.............................................. 7.91 5.03 4.14 5.79 9.38 8.41 10.22 10.69 9.74 5.52

1989.............................................. 8.10 5.17 4.39 6.02 9.71 8.56 10.59 10.88 10.00 5.90

1990.............................................. 8.27 5.44 4.64 6.18 9.84 8.83 10.73 11.13 10.17 6.08

1991.............................................. 8.59 5.58 4.74 6.23 9.98 8.94 10.98 11.71 10.08 6.22

1992.............................................. 8.67 5.65 4.80 6.24 10.06 9.02 10.93 12.02 10.39 6.45

1993.............................................. 8.86 5.75 4.87 6.33 10.18 9.10 11.16 12.15 10.96 6.71

1994.............................................. 9.00 5.88 4.98 6.56 10.29 9.10 11.50 12.10 11.06 6.64

1995.............................................. 9.23 6.04 5.14 6.82 10.73 9.46 11.89 12.32 11.11 6.85

1996.............................................. 9.52 6.17 5.25 6.99 10.78 9.70 11.91 12.40 11.15 7.04

1997.............................................. 9.83 6.45 5.61 7.18 11.10 9.92 12.07 12.80 11.79 6.96

1998.............................................. 10.06 6.91 5.98 7.78 11.72 10.22 12.48 13.04 12.22 7.74

1999.............................................. 10.31 7.12 6.18 8.03 12.00 10.84 12.78 13.68 12.21 7.86

2000.............................................. 10.81 7.63 6.64 8.39 12.24 10.97 13.14 13.90 12.81 8.31

2001.............................................. 11.32 8.01 6.90 8.92 12.88 11.58 13.92 14.25 12.95 9.00

2002.............................................. 11.64 8.05 7.02 8.88 13.05 11.89 13.96 14.40 13.38 9.78

2003.............................................. 11.89 8.14 7.02 9.00 13.25 12.01 14.13 14.93 14.09 9.79

2004.............................................. 12.02 8.21 7.15 9.07 13.74 12.03 14.60 15.11 14.54 9.90

2005.............................................. 12.16 8.42 7.21 9.20 13.91 12.17 14.88 15.13 14.79 10.04

2006.............................................. 12.68 8.79 7.43 9.75 14.27 12.63 15.06 16.04 15.04 10.72

2007.............................................. 12.95 9.13 7.77 9.96 14.75 12.83 15.17 16.15 15.45 11.01

2008.............................................. 13.46 9.24 7.98 10.00 15.03 13.47 16.02 16.82 15.90 11.50

2009.............................................. 13.76 9.22 8.05 9.99 15.07 13.20 16.10 16.99 16.09 12.00

2010.............................................. 13.76 9.21 8.09 9.90 15.04 13.10 15.83 16.89 16.45 11.92

2011.............................................. 13.80 9.23 8.16 9.90 15.11 13.18 16.03 16.88 17.07 12.85
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 67

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by age, 1979-2014 annual

averages — Continued

[In current dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

2012.............................................. 13.88 9.44 8.19 9.97 15.17 13.28 16.05 16.99 17.28 13.03

2013.............................................. 14.00 9.67 8.37 10.00 15.27 13.42 16.21 17.17 17.28 12.88

2014.............................................. 14.39 9.89 8.63 10.15 15.76 14.08 16.55 17.41 17.46 13.98

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
68 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino

ethnicity, 1979-2014 annual averages

[In current dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic or

Latino

ethnicity

Total

1979.............................................................................. $4.44 $4.51 $4.11 – $4.08

1980.............................................................................. 4.82 4.88 4.44 – 4.44

1981.............................................................................. 5.15 5.18 4.90 – 4.81

1982.............................................................................. 5.40 5.47 5.06 – 5.01

1983.............................................................................. 5.59 5.66 5.15 – 5.09

1984.............................................................................. 5.83 5.90 5.36 – 5.27

1985.............................................................................. 6.03 6.10 5.50 – 5.47

1986.............................................................................. 6.20 6.28 5.80 – 5.65

1987.............................................................................. 6.47 6.56 5.99 – 5.82

1988.............................................................................. 6.73 6.81 6.15 – 5.95

1989.............................................................................. 6.99 7.08 6.43 – 6.07

1990.............................................................................. 7.23 7.33 6.81 – 6.28

1991.............................................................................. 7.50 7.61 7.00 – 6.46

1992.............................................................................. 7.72 7.82 7.06 – 6.65

1993.............................................................................. 7.87 7.97 7.18 – 6.83

1994.............................................................................. 8.01 8.11 7.29 – 6.93

1995.............................................................................. 8.17 8.32 7.66 – 7.00

1996.............................................................................. 8.40 8.57 7.76 – 7.17

1997.............................................................................. 8.75 8.88 8.01 – 7.39

1998.............................................................................. 9.10 9.22 8.39 – 7.92

1999.............................................................................. 9.53 9.74 8.85 – 8.07

2000.............................................................................. 9.91 9.96 9.34 $10.07 8.54

2001.............................................................................. 10.19 10.26 9.78 10.75 9.06

2002.............................................................................. 10.47 10.71 9.93 10.36 9.22

2003.............................................................................. 10.85 10.97 10.15 11.12 9.76

2004.............................................................................. 11.00 11.13 10.19 11.10 9.81

2005.............................................................................. 11.19 11.48 10.17 12.01 9.95

2006.............................................................................. 11.76 11.86 10.66 12.53 10.12

2007.............................................................................. 11.95 12.08 10.89 12.22 10.24

2008.............................................................................. 12.23 12.54 11.20 13.01 10.97

2009.............................................................................. 12.44 12.66 11.64 13.16 11.04

2010.............................................................................. 12.50 12.74 11.77 13.22 10.88

2011.............................................................................. 12.71 12.91 11.79 13.35 11.05

2012.............................................................................. 12.80 13.04 11.84 13.23 11.12

2013.............................................................................. 12.93 13.15 11.90 13.62 11.25

2014.............................................................................. 13.14 13.57 11.88 14.00 11.83

Women

1979.............................................................................. $3.62 $3.62 $3.55 – $3.44

1980.............................................................................. 3.95 3.96 3.88 – 3.78

1981.............................................................................. 4.28 4.28 4.19 – 4.10

1982.............................................................................. 4.61 4.61 4.49 – 4.33

1983.............................................................................. 4.80 4.81 4.72 – 4.42

1984.............................................................................. 4.97 4.98 4.87 – 4.65

1985.............................................................................. 5.13 5.14 5.04 – 4.82

1986.............................................................................. 5.33 5.35 5.17 – 5.00

1987.............................................................................. 5.60 5.62 5.40 – 5.11

1988.............................................................................. 5.84 5.86 5.61 – 5.28

1989.............................................................................. 6.11 6.13 5.88 – 5.53

1990.............................................................................. 6.44 6.46 6.23 – 5.80

1991.............................................................................. 6.75 6.76 6.55 – 5.98

1992.............................................................................. 6.96 6.99 6.64 – 6.17

1993.............................................................................. 7.12 7.16 6.87 – 6.31

1994.............................................................................. 7.25 7.34 6.93 – 6.40

1995.............................................................................. 7.46 7.54 7.12 – 6.60
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 69

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino

ethnicity, 1979-2014 annual averages — Continued

[In current dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic or

Latino

ethnicity

1996.............................................................................. 7.73 7.79 7.20 – 6.77

1997.............................................................................. 7.94 8.00 7.59 – 6.82

1998.............................................................................. 8.23 8.33 7.90 – 7.22

1999.............................................................................. 8.64 8.73 8.13 – 7.46

2000.............................................................................. 9.06 9.09 8.86 $9.77 7.89

2001.............................................................................. 9.64 9.73 9.15 10.07 8.28

2002.............................................................................. 9.89 9.94 9.45 10.10 8.54

2003.............................................................................. 10.08 10.11 9.91 10.68 8.88

2004.............................................................................. 10.17 10.21 9.93 10.57 9.04

2005.............................................................................. 10.31 10.50 9.93 11.64 9.18

2006.............................................................................. 10.65 10.77 10.11 11.95 9.50

2007.............................................................................. 10.98 11.06 10.45 11.83 9.80

2008.............................................................................. 11.49 11.70 10.78 12.25 10.07

2009.............................................................................. 11.76 11.83 11.01 12.67 10.09

2010.............................................................................. 11.83 11.88 11.20 12.41 10.11

2011.............................................................................. 11.98 12.05 11.28 12.80 10.25

2012.............................................................................. 11.99 12.08 11.23 12.75 10.21

2013.............................................................................. 12.12 12.21 11.54 13.04 10.49

2014.............................................................................. 12.18 12.38 11.57 13.23 10.72

Men

1979.............................................................................. $5.65 $5.79 $4.89 – $4.79

1980.............................................................................. 6.10 6.23 5.18 – 5.03

1981.............................................................................. 6.57 6.71 5.81 – 5.37

1982.............................................................................. 6.85 6.98 5.97 – 5.73

1983.............................................................................. 6.92 7.07 5.96 – 5.81

1984.............................................................................. 7.12 7.26 6.16 – 6.04

1985.............................................................................. 7.33 7.58 6.15 – 6.07

1986.............................................................................. 7.59 7.78 6.57 – 6.19

1987.............................................................................. 7.77 7.93 6.74 – 6.37

1988.............................................................................. 7.91 8.06 6.94 – 6.51

1989.............................................................................. 8.10 8.28 7.07 – 6.66

1990.............................................................................. 8.27 8.55 7.37 – 6.74

1991.............................................................................. 8.59 8.82 7.57 – 6.88

1992.............................................................................. 8.67 8.89 7.62 – 6.99

1993.............................................................................. 8.86 9.07 7.67 – 7.12

1994.............................................................................. 9.00 9.21 7.92 – 7.17

1995.............................................................................. 9.23 9.62 8.16 – 7.26

1996.............................................................................. 9.52 9.79 8.18 – 7.62

1997.............................................................................. 9.83 9.96 8.67 – 7.90

1998.............................................................................. 10.06 10.18 9.09 – 8.24

1999.............................................................................. 10.31 10.61 9.77 – 8.61

2000.............................................................................. 10.81 10.95 9.98 $10.79 9.04

2001.............................................................................. 11.32 11.61 10.18 11.84 9.67

2002.............................................................................. 11.64 11.86 10.24 11.02 9.92

2003.............................................................................. 11.89 12.03 10.81 11.89 10.03

2004.............................................................................. 12.02 12.16 10.88 11.90 10.02

2005.............................................................................. 12.16 12.47 10.90 12.75 10.19

2006.............................................................................. 12.68 12.88 11.42 13.18 10.84

2007.............................................................................. 12.95 13.22 11.57 13.22 11.07

2008.............................................................................. 13.46 13.85 11.99 14.03 11.83

2009.............................................................................. 13.76 13.95 12.27 14.01 11.92

2010.............................................................................. 13.76 13.97 12.16 14.11 11.73

2011.............................................................................. 13.80 14.02 12.06 14.25 11.81
70 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino

ethnicity, 1979-2014 annual averages — Continued

[In current dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic or

Latino

ethnicity

2012.............................................................................. 13.88 14.17 12.20 14.15 11.96

2013.............................................................................. 14.00 14.24 12.16 14.24 11.99

2014.............................................................................. 14.39 14.86 12.21 14.66 12.38

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for

the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more

than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main

race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not

tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates

data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Technical Notes

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 71

The estimates in this report were obtained from the Current 

Population Survey (CPS), which provides information 

on the labor force, employment, and unemployment. 

The survey is conducted monthly for the U.S. Bureau of 

Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau using 

a scientifically selected national sample of about 60,000

eligible households representing all 50 states and the 

District of Columbia. The survey data on earnings are 

based on one-fourth of the CPS monthly sample and are 

limited to wage and salary workers. All self-employed 

workers, both incorporated and unincorporated, are 

excluded from the data presented in this report.

The earnings comparisons in this report are on a broad level 

and do not control for many factors that can help explain

earnings differences. This includes the direct comparisons 

of earnings levels among demographic groups and the 

women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios shown in the tables 

(that is, women’s earnings as a percentage of men’s). For 

example, the overall ratio of women’s-to-men’s earnings

for full-time workers presented here is not controlled for 

differences in important determinants of earnings, such as 

age, occupation, and educational attainment. The earnings 

comparisons in this report are not restricted to workers 

with otherwise comparable characteristics and comparable 

jobs. Even controlling for one of the factors may not fully 

explain earnings differences. Comparisons of women’s and

men’s earnings by detailed occupation, for example, are

not simultaneously controlled for differences in key factors 

such as job skills and responsibilities, work experience, and

specialization. 

Material in this report is in the public domain and may 

be used without permission. This information is available 

to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

telephone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1 (800) 

877-8339. 

Concepts and definitions

The principal concepts and definitions used in this report

are described briefly below.

Wage and salary workers. These are workers age 16 and 

older who receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, 

payments in kind, or piece rates on their sole or principal 

job. This group includes employees in both the public and 

private sectors. All self-employed workers are excluded

whether or not their businesses are incorporated.

Full-time workers. People who usually work 35 hours or 

more per week at their sole or principal job are defined as

working full time for the purpose of these estimates. The 

federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define

full- or part-time employment.

Part-time workers. People who usually work fewer than 35 

hours per week at their sole or principal job are defined as

working part time for the purpose of these estimates. The 

federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define

full- or part-time employment.

Usual weekly earnings. The data represent earnings before 

taxes and other deductions and include any overtime pay,

commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in 

the case of multiple jobholders). Before 1994, respondents 

were asked how much they usually earned per week. Since 

January 1994, respondents have been asked to identify the 

easiest way for them to report earnings (hourly, weekly, 

biweekly, twice monthly, monthly, annually, or other) 

and how much they usually earn in the reported time 

period. Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly 

are converted to a weekly equivalent. The term “usual” is 

determined by each respondent’s own understanding of 

the term. If the respondent asks for a definition of “usual,”

interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than

half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months.

Medians of usual weekly earnings. The earnings estimates 

shown in this report are medians. The median is the 

midpoint in a given earnings distribution, with half of 

workers having earnings above the median and the other 

half having earnings below the median. 

The BLS procedure for estimating the median of a weekly 

earnings distribution places each reported or calculated 

weekly earnings value into a $50-wide interval that 

is centered around a multiple of $50. The median is 
72 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

calculated through the linear interpolation of the interval in 

which the median lies.

Changes over time in the medians for specific groups may

not necessarily be consistent with the movements estimated 

for the overall median boundary. The most common 

reasons for this possible anomaly are as follows: 

• There could be a change in the relative weights of 

the subgroups. For example, the median earnings of

16- to 24-year-olds and the median earnings of those 

25 years and older may rise, but if the lower earning 

16-to-24 age group accounts for a greatly increased 

share of the total, the overall median could actually 

fall. 

• There could be a large change in the shape of the 

distribution of reported earnings, particularly near a 

median boundary. This change could be caused by 

survey observations that are clustered at rounded 

values, such as $600 or $700. An estimate lying 

in a $50-wide centered interval containing such a 

cluster tends to change more slowly than one in other 

intervals. Consider, for example, the calculation of

the median for a multipeaked earnings distribution 

that shifts over time. As such a distribution shifts, the 

median does not necessarily move at the same rate. 

Specifically, the median takes relatively more time to

move through a frequently reported earnings interval, 

but once above the upper limit of such an interval, 

it can move relatively quickly to the next frequently

reported interval. BLS procedures for estimating 

medians mitigate such irregular movements; 

however, users should be cautious of these effects 

when evaluating short-term changes in the medians 

and in ratios of the medians. 

Workers paid by the hour are employed wage and salary 

workers who report that they are paid at an hourly rate on 

their job. Typically, workers paid an hourly wage have 

made up approximately three-fifths of all wage and salary

workers. Estimates of workers paid by the hour include 

both full- and part-time workers unless otherwise specified.

Hourly earnings data are for wage and salary workers who 

are paid by the hour and pertain to earnings from a person’s 

sole or principal job. Hourly earnings for hourly paid 

workers do not include overtime pay, commissions, or tips 

received.

Workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage.

The CPS does not include questions on whether workers 

are covered by the minimum wage provisions of the 

federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) or by individual 

state or local minimum wage laws. The estimates of 

workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage in 

this report are based solely on whether the hourly wage 

they report (which does not include overtime pay, tips, or 

commissions) is at or below the federal minimum wage. It 

should be noted that some respondents might round hourly 

earnings when answering survey questions. As a result, 

some workers might report having hourly earnings above 

or below the federal minimum wage when in fact they earn 

the minimum wage.

Some workers who reported earnings at or below the 

prevailing federal minimum wage may not in fact be 

covered by federal or state minimum wage laws because 

of exclusions and exemptions in the statutes. Thus, the

presence of workers with hourly earnings below the federal 

minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of 

the FLSA or state statutes in cases where such standards 

apply.

The estimates of the numbers of workers with reported 

earnings at or below the federal minimum wage pertain 

only to workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers 

and other nonhourly paid workers are excluded, even

though some have earnings that, if converted to hourly 

rates, would be at or below the federal minimum wage. 

Consequently, the estimates presented in this report likely 

understate the actual number of workers with hourly 

earnings at or below the minimum wage. BLS does not 

routinely estimate the hourly earnings of workers not 

paid by the hour because there are data quality concerns 

associated with constructing such an estimate.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov 73

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

Regular collection of earnings data in the basic CPS began 

in 1979. The prevailing federal minimum wage for 1979 

and later years is as follows:

Federal minimum wage Effective date

$2.90 January 1, 1979

$3.10 January 1, 1980

$3.35 January 1, 1981

$3.80 April 1, 1990

$4.25 April 1, 1991

$4.75 October 1, 1996

$5.15 September 1, 1997

$5.85 July 24, 2007

$6.55 July 24, 2008

$7.25 July 24, 2009

When the minimum wage has increased during a given 

year, the estimates of the annual average number of 

minimum wage workers reflect both minimum wage levels

in effect during the year. For example, data for 2007 reflect

the number of workers who earned the federal minimum 

wage of $5.15 for January to July and the number of 

workers who earned the minimum wage of $5.85 for 

August to December.

Race is reported by the household respondent. In 

accordance with the Office of Management and Budget

guidelines, White, Black or African American, and Asian 

are the terms used to describe a person’s race. Beginning in 

2003, people in these categories are those who selected that 

race group only. Those who identify multiple race groups 

are categorized as people of two or more races. Before 

2003, people of two or more races identified one group as

their main race. More information on the 2003 changes 

to questions on race is available at http://www.bls.gov/

cps/rvcps03.pdf. Data for other race groups—American 

Indians and Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians and Other 

Pacific Islanders—and for people of two or more races are

included in totals but not separately identified in this report

because the number of survey respondents is too small to 

develop estimates of sufficient quality.

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity refers to people who 

identified themselves in the survey process as being of

Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. People who identify 

as Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race and are 

included in estimates for the race groups (White, Black or 

African American, and Asian) in addition to being shown 

separately. 

Inflation adjustment/constant dollars. The Consumer Price 

Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS)

is used to convert current dollars to constant dollars for 

the inflation-adjusted median earnings estimates shown in

this report. BLS has made numerous improvements to the 

Consumer Price Index (CPI) over the years. Although these

improvements make the CPI more accurate, the official

histories of price index series are not adjusted to reflect the

improvements. Because many researchers need a historical 

series that measures price change consistently over time, 

BLS developed the CPI-U-RS to provide an estimate 

of the CPI that incorporates most of the methodological 

improvements made since 1978 into the entire series. For 

further information, see Kenneth J. Stewart and Stephen B. 

Reed, “CPI research series using current methods, 1978–

98,” Monthly Labor Review, June 1999, available at www.

bls.gov/opub/mlr/1999/06/art4full.pdf; and “Questions 

and Answers: Consumer Price Index Research Series Using

Current Methods,” at http://www.bls.gov/cpi/cpirsqa.pdf.

This report uses the most recent version of the CPI-U-RS 

available at the time of production. Users should note that the 

CPI-U-RS is subject to periodic revision. As a result, the rate 

of inflation incorporated into the inflation-adjusted median

earnings estimates in this report may differ from the rate used 

in previous reports in this series or in other publications. 

Reliability

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire 

population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the true population values they 

represent. The component of this difference that occurs 

because samples differ by chance is known as sampling 
74 BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN'S EARNINGS IN 2014

error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of 

the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of 

confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by

no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population 

value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. 

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including 

the failure to sample a segment of the population, 

inability to obtain information on all respondents in 

the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide correct information, and errors made in the 

collection or processing of the data.

Information about the reliability of data from the CPS is 

available at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.