Management workers

This occupational group includes chief executives, general and operations 

managers, advertising and promotions managers, construction, administrative 

services managers, financial managers, industrial production managers, 

transportation managers, storage managers, distribution managers, 

compensation and benefits managers, human resources managers, training 

managers, development managers, and education administrators.

Cognitive and mental requirements

The qualifications that workers need to use judgment, make decisions, interact with others, and adapt to changes in 

jobs.

In 2023, verbal interactions were required constantly (every few minutes) for 19.4 percent of management workers, and 

were required not constantly, but more than once per hour for 69.0 percent.

Table 1. Percentage of management workers with cognitive and mental requirements, 

2023

Requirement Yes No

Pace: Pause control 97.5 2.5

Interaction with general public 90.1 9.9

Working around crowds 2.3 97.7

Telework 33.0 67.0

Work review: Supervising others 92.0 8.0

Work review: Presence of supervisor 31.5 68.5

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Requirements Survey

Education, training, and experience requirements

The minimum level of formal 

education required, 

credentials necessary, on-thejob training, and prior work 

experience necessary for 

average performance in jobs.

In 2023, credentials were 

required for 47.3 percent of 

management workers. Prior 

work experience was 

required for 95.6 percent and 

on-the-job training was 

required for 54.0 percent.

A bachelor's degree was 

required for 56.6 percent of 

management workers.
Occupational Requirements Survey ●www.bls.gov/ors ●orsinfo@bls.gov ●202.691.6199

Environmental conditions

The various tangible or concrete 

hazards or difficulties that are in 

the vicinity of where jobs’ critical 

tasks are performed.

In 2023, 97.8 percent of 

management workers were not 

exposed to extreme cold, and 98.4 

percent were not exposed to 

extreme heat. Wetness was not 

present for 92.8 percent, greater 

than 99.5 percent were not 

exposed to heavy vibrations, and 

76.2 percent were not exposed to 

the outdoors.

Physical demands

Refer to the physical activities required to 

perform tasks in jobs. The presence and, in some 

cases, duration of these activities are published.

In 2023, keyboarding was required for 98.9 

percent of management workers and was not 

required for 1.1 percent. For 1.2 percent of 

workers, keyboarding was seldom performed, 

for 41.0 percent keyboarding occurred 

occasionally, 54.9 percent frequently, and for 

1.6 percent keyboarding occurred constantly.

Performing work in low postures was required 

for 17.3 percent of management workers and 

was not required for 82.7 percent.

The choice to sit or stand when performing critical tasks was available to 88.5 percent of management workers. On 

average, workers spent 72.6 percent of the workday sitting and 27.4 percent of the workday standing.

Table 2. Percentage of management workers with physical demands, 2023

Requirement Yes No

Choice of sitting or standing 88.5 11.5

Driving 36.0 64.0

Climbing structure-related ramps or stairs 17.3 82.7

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Requirements Survey