Highlights of Women’s 

Earnings in 2001 

U.S. Department of Labor 

Bureau of Labor Statistics 

May 2002 

Report 960

NOTE: The statistics in this report for the 

years 2000 and 2001 were revised after 

this report was published. 

These data were revised in 2003 to incorporate 

Census 2000-based population controls and other 

changes to the survey, but the report was not 

reissued. 

To obtain revised data for these years, contact the 

Division of Labor Force Statistics by email at 

cpsinfo@bls.gov or by telephone at (202) 691-6378.


Highlights of Women's

Earnings in 2001

U.S. Department of Labor

Bureau of Labor Statistics

May 2002

Report 960

Introduction



	





	


	





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1979 1985 1990 1995 2000

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$450

$500

$550

$600

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0

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Women

Chart 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in constant (2001)

dollars by sex, 1979-2001 annual averages

Earnings

Men's earnings

Women's earnings

Ratio of women's to men's earnings

Chart 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by sex, race,

and Hispanic origin, 2001 annual averages

$511

Earnings Earnings

$672 $694

$521

$385

$451

$518

$438

Men

Ratio


Chart 3. Percent change from 1979 to 2001 in median usual weekly earnings by educational

attainment and sex

Men

Women

NOTE: Data relate to full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and over. Changes are calculated from constant-dollar

annual averages.

Chart 4. Percent of women with earnings at or below the Federal minimum wage by age,

2001 annual averages

Total,

16 years

and over

16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and over

NOTE: Data relate to female wage and salary workers paid hourly rates.

Percent Percent

Percent change

No high school diploma

High school diploma only

College graduate

Some college or associate degree

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

0

5

10

15

20

0

5

10

15

20

4.0

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7.6

3.3

2.3 1.8

2.5

5.5


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[Page intentionally blank]

6
Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics, 2001 annual averages

Characteristic

Both sexes Women Men

Women’s

earnings

as

percent

of men’s1

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

AGE

 Total, 16 years and over ................. 99,599 $597 $1 43,671 $511 $1 55,928 $672 $2 76.1

16 to 24 years ....................................... 11,651 376 2 5,098 354 2 6,554 392 2 90.2

 16 to 19 years .................................... 2,171 304 2 922 287 3 1,249 319 3 89.9

 20 to 24 years .................................... 9,481 395 2 4,176 375 2 5,305 410 2 91.6

25 years and over ................................. 87,948 632 2 38,573 542 2 49,374 722 2 75.1

 25 to 34 years .................................... 24,528 579 2 10,513 514 2 14,016 621 3 82.7

 35 to 44 years .................................... 28,464 658 3 12,243 545 4 16,221 755 4 72.3

 45 to 54 years .................................... 23,733 693 3 10,867 588 3 12,865 799 5 73.6

 55 to 64 years .................................... 9,769 640 5 4,356 539 6 5,413 766 8 70.4

 65 years and over .............................. 1,453 472 13 594 372 10 859 548 21 67.9

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN

White .................................................... 82,149 612 1 34,871 521 2 47,279 694 2 75.2

Black ..................................................... 12,533 487 2 6,607 451 4 5,925 518 3 87.1

Hispanic origin ...................................... 11,790 414 3 4,561 385 3 7,230 438 6 88.0

MARITAL STATUS

Never married ....................................... 25,563 480 2 11,008 453 3 14,555 497 2 91.3

Married, spouse present ....................... 57,203 665 2 22,797 548 3 34,406 759 2 72.2

Other marital status .............................. 16,833 557 4 9,867 505 2 6,966 636 6 79.5

 Divorced ............................................ 11,400 596 3 6,661 536 5 4,739 676 6 79.2

 Separated .......................................... 3,883 478 5 2,005 427 7 1,878 522 9 81.8

 Widowed ............................................ 1,550 492 7 1,201 468 9 348 631 34 74.2

UNION AFFILIATION2

Members of unions3 ............................. 14,809 718 3 5,753 643 4 9,056 765 4 84.1

Represented by unions4 ....................... 16,218 712 3 6,457 639 4 9,761 761 4 83.9

Not represented by a union .................. 83,381 575 2 37,214 494 1 46,167 647 2 76.4

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Total, 25 years and over ....................... 87,948 632 2 38,573 542 2 49,374 722 2 75.1

 Less than a high school diploma ........ 8,259 378 2 2,922 314 2 5,337 415 2 75.6

 High school graduates, no college ..... 27,142 520 2 11,883 441 2 15,259 610 2 72.3

 Some college or associate degree ..... 24,764 621 2 11,618 525 3 13,146 725 3 72.4

 College graduates, total ...................... 27,783 924 3 12,151 784 4 15,632 1082 8 72.5

1 These figures are computed using unrounded medians and may differ

slightly from percents computed using the rounded medians displayed in this

table. 2 Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union

affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective

bargaining agreement, including the distribution of male and female employees

by occupation, industry, firm size, or geographic region. 3 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar

to a union. 4 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar

to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are

covered by a union or an employee association contract.

 NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to

totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics

are included in both the white and black population groups.

7
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and sex, 1983 and 2001 annual averages

Occupation

1983 2001

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Percent

women

Median weekly

earnings

Women’s

earnings

as

percent

of men’s1

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Percent

women

Median weekly

earnings

Women’s

earnings

as

percent

of men’s Women Men Women Men 1

 Total, 16 years and over ................. 70,976 40.4 $252 $379 66.6 99,599 43.8 $511 $672 76.1

Managerial and professional specialty 17,451 40.9 358 516 69.2 32,221 49.5 732 1038 70.5

 Executive, administrative,

 and managerial .............................. 8,117 34.2 340 530 64.0 15,795 47.1 706 1060 66.6

 Professional specialty ......................... 9,334 46.8 368 506 72.6 16,426 51.8 749 1021 73.4

Technical, sales, and

administrative support .................... 21,641 62.5 247 386 64.0 28,145 61.9 473 667 71.0

 Technicians and related support ........ 2,574 44.5 299 424 70.6 3,753 50.2 580 783 74.1

 Sales occupations .............................. 6,313 39.0 205 389 52.7 10,173 45.0 429 692 62.0

 Administrative support,

 including clerical ............................ 12,755 77.7 249 362 68.7 14,219 77.0 469 576 81.4

Service occupations ............................. 7,321 49.2 173 256 67.8 11,143 52.2 335 438 76.6

 Private household .............................. 278 96.0 116 2 ( ) 3 ( ) 354 95.8 255 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Protective service .............................. 1,453 9.5 251 356 70.4 2,166 17.7 509 658 77.4

 Service, except private household

 and protective ................................ 5,590 57.1 176 218 81.0 8,622 59.0 332 374 88.8

Precision production, craft, and repair .. 9,963 7.9 256 387 66.1 12,030 8.4 479 648 73.8

Operators, fabricators, and laborers ..... 13,319 26.2 205 308 66.5 14,568 22.4 368 501 73.5

 Machine operators, assemblers,

 and inspectors ............................... 6,990 40.8 202 320 63.3 6,073 34.9 369 512 72.1

 Transportation and material moving

 occupations ................................... 3,358 4.7 253 335 75.5 4,505 7.9 439 587 74.8

 Handlers, equipment cleaners,

 helpers, and laborers ..................... 2,970 16.0 211 252 83.9 3,990 19.6 342 401 85.4

Farming, forestry, and fishing ............... 1,280 11.2 169 201 84.2 1,493 14.9 308 366 84.2

1 These figures are computed using unrounded medians and may differ

slightly from percents computed using the rounded medians displayed in this

table.

2 Data not shown where base is less than 50,000. 3 Data not shown where base for either the numerator or denominator is

less than 50,000.

8
Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex, 2001 annual averages

Occupation

Both sexes Women Men

Women’s

earnings

as

percent

of men’s1

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

 Total, 16 years and over ............................. 99,599 $597 $1 43,671 $511 $1 55,928 $672 $2 76.1

 Managerial and professional specialty ........... 32,221 859 3 15,956 732 2 16,265 1,038 6 70.5

 Executive, administrative, and managerial .... 15,795 867 5 7,446 706 4 8,349 1,060 10 66.6

 Administrators and officials, public

 administration ......................................... 686 889 17 349 747 19 337 1,051 35 71.1

 Administrators, protective services .............. 62 891 50 18 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 44 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Financial managers ..................................... 682 1,016 23 352 816 32 330 1,262 33 64.6

 Personnel and labor relations managers ..... 209 924 46 141 861 65 68 1,113 129 77.4

 Purchasing managers .................................. 135 919 76 59 749 34 76 1,125 60 66.5

 Managers, marketing, advertising, and

 public relations ........................................ 727 1,095 43 276 853 27 451 1,219 41 69.9

 Administrators, education and related fields 717 945 18 445 819 31 272 1,189 42 68.8

 Managers, medicine and health .................. 665 789 18 508 725 13 157 1,146 34 63.3

 Managers, food serving and lodging

 establishments ........................................ 971 598 10 451 486 9 520 707 17 68.7

 Managers, properties and real estate .......... 348 702 27 187 620 13 162 880 23 70.5

 Management-related occupations ............... 4,197 758 6 2,473 670 6 1,724 942 12 71.1

 Accountants and auditors .......................... 1,374 773 12 793 687 10 581 954 19 72.0

 Underwriters .............................................. 98 780 32 73 732 22 26 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Other financial officers ............................... 729 861 21 371 712 18 357 1,065 62 66.8

 Management analysts ............................... 270 1,084 24 117 969 35 152 1,214 100 79.8

 Personnel, training, and labor relations 

 specialists .............................................. 590 710 15 414 670 10 175 876 50 76.4

 Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except

 farm products ........................................ 162 649 41 84 586 18 79 797 37 73.5

 Construction inspectors ............................. 54 670 37 4 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 50 698 84 3 ( )

 Inspectors and compliance officers, except

 construction ............................................ 215 858 36 94 749 29 121 923 39 81.1

 Professional specialty ..................................... 16,426 854 4 8,510 749 3 7,916 1,021 7 73.4

 Engineers, architects, and surveyors ........... 2,148 1,131 10 228 989 22 1,920 1,142 9 86.6

 Architects .................................................... 152 981 31 36 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 116 1,039 69 3 ( )

 Engineers ................................................... 1,979 1,142 9 191 1,022 36 1,787 1,149 10 89.0

 Aerospace engineers ................................ 84 1,246 42 9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 75 1,249 50 3 ( )

 Chemical engineers .................................. 75 1,350 40 9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 65 1,401 88 3 ( )

 Civil engineers .......................................... 270 1,041 34 26 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 244 1,059 34 3 ( )

 Electrical and electronic engineers ........... 695 1,174 22 61 1,200 54 634 1,171 21 102.5

 Industrial engineers .................................. 255 1,053 39 44 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 211 1,104 52 3 ( )

 Mechanical engineers ............................... 309 1,131 16 14 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 295 1,134 16 3 ( )

 Mathematical and computer scientists ......... 1,878 1,074 19 549 898 15 1,329 1,159 11 77.5

 Computer systems analysts and scientists 1,603 1,100 23 430 918 16 1,173 1,161 12 79.1

 Operations and systems researchers and

 analysts ................................................. 223 931 34 97 819 43 126 1,074 80 76.2

 Natural scientists .......................................... 513 901 21 181 758 14 332 996 32 76.1

 Chemists, except biochemists .................... 151 954 38 54 800 42 97 1,087 58 73.6

 Biological and life scientists ........................ 109 743 24 49 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 61 826 90 3 ( )

 Medical scientists ....................................... 88 811 78 43 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 45 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Health diagnosing occupations ..................... 581 1,172 45 193 883 37 388 1,372 50 64.4

 Physicians .................................................. 494 1,258 103 161 958 116 333 1,410 76 68.0

 Health assessment and treating occupations 2,233 831 7 1,863 811 8 370 983 24 82.5

 Registered nurses ...................................... 1,604 829 8 1,459 820 9 145 933 46 87.9

 Pharmacists ................................................ 157 1,366 38 66 1,261 23 92 1,421 22 88.7

 Dietitians ..................................................... 72 520 18 63 545 52 9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Therapists ................................................... 346 788 19 246 782 18 100 810 44 96.5

 Respiratory therapists ............................... 68 765 20 42 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 27 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Physical therapists .................................... 106 859 37 65 806 32 41 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Speech therapists ..................................... 68 834 29 63 836 25 4 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Physicians’ assistants ................................. 54 839 60 30 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 24 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Teachers, college and university .................. 663 1,009 22 244 844 52 420 1,126 25 74.9

 Teachers, except college and university ...... 4,421 730 4 3,232 707 6 1,189 780 15 90.6

 Teachers, prekindergarten and

 kindergarten ........................................... 495 480 16 487 476 14 8 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Teachers, elementary school ..................... 1,959 740 6 1,596 731 6 362 770 11 94.9

 Teachers, secondary school ....................... 1,155 774 10 651 759 7 504 826 17 91.9

 Teachers, special education ....................... 314 761 19 261 764 18 53 742 53 103.0

 Counselors, educational and vocational ....... 225 766 26 157 734 24 67 854 78 86.0

 Librarians, archivists, and curators ............... 181 724 31 148 713 40 33 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex, 2001 annual averages — Continued

Occupation

Both sexes Women Men

Women’s

earnings

as

percent

of men’s1

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

 Librarians .................................................... 159 726 27 132 713 38 27 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Social scientists and urban planners ............ 298 870 36 163 750 15 135 1,056 30 71.0

 Economists ................................................. 107 945 51 58 733 22 49 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Psychologists .............................................. 151 818 58 87 757 20 64 914 53 82.9

 Social, recreation, and religious workers ...... 1,218 643 10 649 614 7 569 689 17 89.1

 Social workers ............................................ 711 644 10 500 630 11 211 677 21 93.1

 Recreation workers ..................................... 81 471 45 59 451 34 22 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Clergy ......................................................... 303 699 27 34 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 269 723 39 3 ( )

 Lawyers and judges ...................................... 611 1,380 61 206 1,062 55 405 1,535 67 69.2

 Lawyers ...................................................... 572 1,398 62 195 1,073 70 377 1,547 36 69.4

 Writers, artists, entertainers, and athletes .... 1,455 750 9 697 683 13 758 843 14 81.0

 Technical writers ......................................... 70 941 26 41 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 29 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Designers ................................................... 511 742 18 253 639 16 258 884 34 72.4

 Actors and directors .................................... 85 774 47 39 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 47 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Painters, sculptors, craft artists, and

 artist printmakers .................................... 102 647 48 35 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 67 662 41 3 ( )

 Photographers ............................................ 54 667 31 19 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 35 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Editors and reporters .................................. 230 762 20 118 705 29 112 866 23 81.4

 Public relations specialists .......................... 151 819 31 93 789 25 58 917 92 86.0

 Athletes ....................................................... 55 761 49 11 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 44 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

Technical, sales, and administrative support .... 28,145 521 2 17,411 473 2 10,733 667 4 71.0

 Technicians and related support .................... 3,753 673 6 1,883 580 5 1,870 783 11 74.1

 Health technologists and technicians ........... 1,389 562 8 1,099 534 7 290 698 16 76.5

 Clinical laboratory technologists and

 technicians ............................................... 289 609 17 220 575 17 68 717 38 80.2

 Radiologic technicians ................................ 140 707 14 91 694 13 49 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Licensed practical nurses ........................... 287 567 11 271 562 9 16 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Engineering and related technologists and

 technicians ............................................... 924 713 9 187 608 16 736 743 12 81.7

 Electrical and electronic technicians ........... 437 727 16 84 628 31 352 751 17 83.6

 Drafting occupations ................................... 198 703 17 35 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 164 737 30 3 ( )

 Surveying and mapping technicians ........... 62 666 30 6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 56 680 29 3 ( )

 Science technicians ...................................... 237 625 21 98 558 32 139 689 29 80.9

 Biological technicians ................................. 93 535 64 53 491 25 40 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Chemical technicians .................................. 62 761 42 15 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 47 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Technicians, except health, engineering,

 and science .............................................. 1,203 827 15 499 705 15 704 949 17 74.3

 Airplane pilots and navigators .................... 101 1,150 41 3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 98 1,145 40 3 ( )

 Computer programmers ............................. 602 952 19 164 867 18 438 975 20 88.9

 Legal assistants .......................................... 344 645 13 289 637 15 55 665 18 95.9

 Sales occupations .......................................... 10,173 574 5 4,574 429 4 5,599 692 7 62.0

 Supervisors and proprietors ......................... 3,380 618 5 1,423 502 6 1,957 712 11 70.6

 Sales representatives, finance and business

 services .................................................... 1,983 753 10 870 627 12 1,113 897 35 69.9

 Insurance sales .......................................... 397 670 23 211 583 17 186 850 31 68.6

 Real estate sales ........................................ 382 747 22 198 695 31 184 838 87 83.0

 Securities and financial services sales ....... 434 980 42 140 716 42 293 1,156 20 61.9

 Advertising and related sales ..................... 157 707 40 84 663 39 73 782 94 84.8

 Sales occupations, other business services 614 707 27 236 544 41 377 775 44 70.2

 Sales representatives, commodities, except

 retail .......................................................... 1,301 839 14 289 694 24 1,012 876 18 79.2

 Sales workers, retail and personal services 3,474 363 4 1,971 313 2 1,504 460 11 68.1

 Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats ... 294 656 29 27 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 267 675 25 3 ( )

 Sales workers, apparel ............................... 139 336 16 107 329 15 32 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Sales workers, furniture and home

 furnishings .............................................. 125 496 26 48 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 78 545 133 3 ( )

 Sales workers, radio, television, hi-fi, and

 appliances .............................................. 189 506 32 55 465 77 134 509 28 91.3

 Sales workers, hardware and building

 supplies .................................................. 227 480 12 55 430 33 172 490 13 87.8

 Sales workers, parts ................................... 136 458 18 16 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 120 471 20 3 ( )

 Sales workers, other commodities .............. 732 382 8 445 351 10 287 428 21 82.2

 Sales counter clerks ................................... 93 329 25 60 310 10 33 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Cashiers ..................................................... 1,383 299 3 1,075 292 3 309 327 11 89.5

 Street and door-to-door sales workers ....... 94 497 27 57 492 39 37 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Administrative support, including clerical ........ 14,219 486 2 10,954 469 2 3,264 576 6 81.4

See footnotes at end of table.

10
Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex, 2001 annual averages — Continued

Occupation

Both sexes Women Men

Women’s

earnings

as

percent

of men’s1

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

 Supervisors ................................................... 696 621 12 451 587 13 245 703 25 83.5

 General office ............................................. 403 592 14 293 552 15 110 763 61 72.3

 Financial records processing ...................... 97 722 30 83 703 27 14 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Distribution, scheduling, and

 adjusting clerks ....................................... 186 636 22 69 629 43 117 639 27 98.5

 Computer equipment operators .................... 285 559 27 149 498 10 135 644 27 77.4

 Computer operators .................................... 280 565 27 148 499 11 132 647 26 77.1

 Secretaries, stenographers, and typists ....... 2,333 479 4 2,285 478 3 48 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Secretaries ................................................. 1,846 475 5 1,821 475 4 25 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Stenographers ............................................ 99 517 14 94 511 12 5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Typists ........................................................ 388 487 8 370 485 7 18 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Information clerks ......................................... 1,384 421 4 1,220 414 3 164 511 17 81.1

 Interviewers ................................................ 106 444 19 91 448 19 15 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Hotel clerks ................................................. 89 348 15 66 347 13 22 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Transportation ticket and reservation

 agents ..................................................... 209 525 26 141 475 17 69 681 39 69.8

 Receptionists .............................................. 712 401 5 697 401 4 15 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Records processing, except financial ........... 752 473 9 601 469 9 152 484 14 96.8

 Order clerks ................................................ 272 517 11 205 522 13 67 506 18 103.1

 Personnel clerks, except payroll and

 timekeeping ............................................ 52 540 29 43 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Library clerks .............................................. 68 400 14 58 398 13 10 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 File clerks ................................................... 181 402 11 144 398 12 37 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Records clerks ............................................ 172 478 18 146 479 16 26 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Financial records processing ........................ 1,529 483 5 1,386 479 4 143 519 17 92.3

 Bookkeepers, accounting, and auditing

 clerks ..................................................... 1,058 477 6 975 474 5 83 506 18 93.6

 Payroll and timekeeping clerks ................... 150 549 26 139 553 23 11 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Billing clerks ................................................ 172 480 11 143 474 13 29 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Billing, posting, and calculating machine

 operators ................................................. 109 483 12 100 478 12 9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Communications equipment operators ......... 126 418 19 107 397 17 20 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Telephone operators .................................. 118 424 20 102 400 18 16 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Mail and message distributing ...................... 800 660 11 307 593 13 492 700 12 84.8

 Postal clerks, except mail carriers .............. 280 697 13 133 654 20 146 738 11 88.6

 Mail carriers, postal service ........................ 317 721 15 91 641 23 225 753 18 85.1

 Mail clerks, except postal service ............... 115 471 22 62 436 22 53 497 15 87.6

 Messengers ................................................ 89 503 25 21 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 68 545 51 3 ( )

 Material recording, scheduling, and

 distributing clerks ..................................... 1,723 489 5 760 457 8 963 513 7 89.1

 Dispatchers ................................................. 207 563 34 96 483 20 111 634 34 76.1

 Production coordinators .............................. 223 675 31 130 580 17 93 775 32 74.8

 Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks ........ 589 450 10 169 413 10 420 468 11 88.4

 Stock and inventory clerks .......................... 366 467 13 164 431 16 203 493 13 87.4

 Meter readers ............................................. 51 529 47 6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 45 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Expediters ................................................... 234 440 22 161 416 9 73 550 66 75.7

 Adjusters and investigators .......................... 1,723 508 4 1,288 497 4 435 581 14 85.5

 Insurance adjusters, examiners, and

 investigators .......................................... 449 575 12 328 546 12 122 662 30 82.5

 Investigators and adjusters, except

 insurance ............................................... 998 497 6 752 487 5 247 545 27 89.4

 Eligibility clerks, social welfare ................... 78 497 21 72 485 18 6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Bill and account collectors .......................... 197 481 9 136 468 19 61 504 17 93.0

 Miscellaneous administrative support

 occupations .............................................. 2,822 449 5 2,376 437 4 446 520 13 84.0

 General office clerks ................................... 624 465 11 536 462 10 87 481 19 96.0

 Bank tellers ................................................. 303 376 8 270 372 6 33 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Data-entry keyers ....................................... 546 446 9 462 441 9 84 483 28 91.3

 Statistical clerks .......................................... 88 428 37 82 419 10 7 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Teachers’ aides .......................................... 415 361 8 384 356 7 31 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

Service occupations ......................................... 11,143 377 2 5,812 335 2 5,331 438 5 76.6

 Private household ........................................... 354 255 7 340 255 7 15 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Child care workers ........................................ 135 246 18 132 245 17 2 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Cleaners and servants .................................. 207 254 7 197 254 7 10 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Protective service ........................................... 2,166 629 9 383 509 9 1,783 658 10 77.4

 Supervisors ................................................... 200 894 43 24 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 175 920 43 3 ( )

 Police and detectives .................................. 111 949 78 11 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 100 970 63 3 ( )

 Guards ........................................................ 53 595 42 13 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 40 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex, 2001 annual averages — Continued

Occupation

Both sexes Women Men

Women’s

earnings

as

percent

of men’s1

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

 Firefighting and fire prevention ..................... 256 792 20 10 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 245 796 21 3 ( )

 Firefighting .................................................. 242 795 20 6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 235 793 21 3 ( )

 Police and detectives .................................... 1,038 691 14 182 594 22 856 717 15 82.8

 Police and detectives, public service .......... 545 782 17 73 725 29 471 796 20 91.2

 Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement

 officers ................................................... 163 647 22 37 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 125 651 22 3 ( )

 Correctional institution officers ................... 330 573 15 71 502 10 259 603 17 83.2

 Guards .......................................................... 673 424 11 167 391 13 507 447 18 87.4

 Guards and police, exc. public services ..... 629 440 17 142 413 14 488 451 18 91.6

 Service occupations, except private

household and protective ........................... 8,622 349 2 5,089 332 2 3,532 374 3 88.8

 Food preparation and service occupations ... 3,285 322 2 1,638 309 3 1,648 343 5 90.2

 Supervisors ................................................. 292 394 11 157 350 18 135 445 13 78.6

 Bartenders .................................................. 178 369 14 89 338 13 89 408 18 82.9

 Waiters and waitresses .............................. 558 331 9 396 317 6 162 363 13 87.3

 Cooks, except short order .......................... 1,382 326 4 546 305 4 836 347 6 87.8

 Food counter, fountain and related

 occupations ............................................ 114 266 9 75 261 9 39 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Kitchen workers, food preparation .............. 138 315 6 95 308 6 42 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Waiters’ and waitresses’ assistants ............ 278 315 8 140 310 10 138 319 10 97.0

 Miscellaneous food preparation

 occupations ............................................ 346 291 5 139 296 8 207 288 7 102.7

 Health service occupations ........................... 1,867 367 4 1,640 363 3 227 408 13 89.0

 Dental assistants ........................................ 130 435 15 127 433 13 3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Health aides, except nursing ...................... 266 375 10 204 364 9 62 438 34 83.0

 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants .... 1,472 360 4 1,309 356 4 162 397 15 89.6

 Cleaning and building service occupations .. 2,228 361 4 893 315 3 1,335 399 5 79.0

 Supervisors ................................................. 159 444 23 46 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 113 500 23 3 ( )

 Maids and housemen ................................. 471 316 4 375 308 4 96 385 19 79.9

 Janitors and cleaners ................................. 1,536 365 4 466 318 4 1,070 389 6 81.5

 Pest control ................................................. 53 475 30 3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 51 483 24 3 ( )

 Personal service occupations ....................... 1,242 370 7 919 355 7 323 404 11 87.8

 Supervisors ................................................. 69 521 20 38 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 31 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Hairdressers and cosmetologists ............... 326 381 8 291 374 10 35 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Attendants, amusement and recreation

 facilities .................................................... 146 371 14 56 343 21 90 388 18 88.3

 Public transportation attendants ................. 85 552 43 68 561 52 17 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Welfare service aids ................................... 74 394 15 62 395 13 12 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Early childhood teachers’ assistants .......... 239 306 6 229 306 6 10 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

Precision production, craft, and repair .............. 12,030 629 4 1,012 479 8 11,018 648 4 73.8

 Mechanics and repairers ................................ 4,153 665 7 201 594 16 3,951 670 7 88.8

 Supervisors ................................................... 251 783 20 23 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 228 794 20 3 ( )

 Mechanics and repairers, except

 supervisors .............................................. 3,901 656 7 179 586 21 3,723 661 8 88.8

 Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics

 and repairers ......................................... 1,495 614 7 20 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 1,475 615 7 3 ( )

 Automobile mechanics ............................. 641 541 18 8 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 633 545 18 3 ( )

 Bus, truck, and stationary engine

 mechanics ........................................... 309 686 19 3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 306 685 19 3 ( )

 Aircraft engine mechanics ........................ 127 791 28 7 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 121 803 27 3 ( )

 Automobile body and related repairers ..... 175 577 22 1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 174 575 23 3 ( )

 Heavy equipment mechanics ................... 143 688 26 1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 142 690 26 3 ( )

 Industrial machinery repairers .................... 420 650 18 18 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 403 659 19 3 ( )

 Electrical and electronic equipment

 repairers ................................................. 884 748 14 95 651 37 789 760 15 85.6

 Electronic repairers, communications and

 industrial equipment ............................. 181 695 22 9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 172 692 25 3 ( )

 Data processing equipment repairers ....... 275 708 30 44 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 231 743 21 3 ( )

 Telephone line installers and repairers ..... 54 953 149 1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 52 976 53 3 ( )

 Telephone installers and repairers ........... 278 803 16 35 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 243 803 16 3 ( )

 Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration

 mechanics ............................................. 265 714 29 4 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 261 713 29 3 ( )

 Miscellaneous mechanics and repairers .... 817 627 13 40 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 776 637 15 3 ( )

 Millwrights ................................................. 63 813 82 2 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 61 827 29 3 ( )

 Construction trades ........................................ 4,501 611 4 94 437 35 4,407 613 4 71.3

 Supervisors ................................................... 559 749 15 13 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 546 749 15 3 ( )

 Construction trades, except supervisors ...... 3,942 593 4 81 424 25 3,861 595 4 71.3

 Brickmasons and stonemasons .................. 183 545 21 4 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 179 551 21 3 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.

12
Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex, 2001 annual averages — Continued

Occupation

Both sexes Women Men

Women’s

earnings

as

percent

of men’s1

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

 Tile setters, hard and soft ........................... 57 530 45 - - - 57 530 45 -

 Carpet installers .......................................... 71 497 23 - - - 71 497 23 -

 Carpenters .................................................. 1,036 573 11 16 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 1,020 576 10 3 ( )

 Drywall installers ......................................... 136 517 12 5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 131 522 13 3 ( )

 Electricians ................................................. 752 714 11 14 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 739 716 12 3 ( )

 Electrical power installers and repairers ..... 146 758 26 6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 140 767 27 3 ( )

 Painters, construction and maintenance .... 359 460 14 13 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 347 460 15 3 ( )

 Plumbers, pipefitters, steamfitters, and

 apprentices ............................................. 466 672 18 8 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 458 674 18 3 ( )

 Concrete and terrazzo finishers .................. 104 545 79 - - - 104 547 79 -

 Insulation workers ....................................... 55 542 34 3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 52 547 37 3 ( )

 Roofers ....................................................... 131 491 14 2 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 130 491 14 3 ( )

 Structural metalworkers .............................. 71 701 29 2 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 69 699 39 3 ( )

 Extractive occupations .................................... 125 784 28 2 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 123 789 28 3 ( )

 Precision production occupations ................... 3,252 618 6 714 451 9 2,537 680 7 66.3

 Supervisors ................................................... 1,028 707 10 195 571 17 833 732 12 78.0

 Precision metalworking occupations ............ 811 687 13 50 510 30 761 697 13 73.1

 Tool and die makers ................................... 109 811 27 3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 106 817 27 3 ( )

 Machinists ................................................... 476 671 16 23 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 453 680 15 3 ( )

 Sheet-metal workers ................................... 110 674 23 5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 104 673 23 3 ( )

 Precision woodworking occupations ............. 83 510 33 10 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 74 537 28 3 ( )

 Cabinet makers and bench carpenters ....... 56 550 27 3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 53 558 31 3 ( )

 Precision textile, apparel, and furnishings

 machine workers ...................................... 99 422 17 57 390 21 42 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Precision workers, assorted materials .......... 459 474 9 239 418 7 220 517 10 80.8

 Optical goods workers ................................ 61 530 27 29 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 31 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Electrical and electronic equipment

 assemblers .............................................. 299 448 10 184 411 7 114 506 14 81.2

 Precision food production occupations ......... 355 424 11 115 375 12 240 472 17 79.5

 Butchers and meat cutters .......................... 200 445 18 33 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 168 471 20 3 ( )

 Bakers ........................................................ 117 406 17 54 363 15 62 461 30 78.6

 Precision inspectors, testers, and related

 workers ..................................................... 157 716 43 39 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 118 760 25 3 ( )

 Inspectors, testers, and graders ................. 150 726 35 36 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 114 763 25 3 ( )

 Plant and system operators .......................... 259 783 18 10 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 248 789 18 3 ( )

 Water and sewage treatment plant

 operators ............................................... 67 748 30 1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 67 746 30 3 ( )

 Stationary engineers ................................... 102 779 24 5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 97 788 23 3 ( )

Operators, fabricators, and laborers ................. 14,568 467 3 3,258 368 3 11,310 501 2 73.5

 Machine operators, assemblers, and

 inspectors .................................................. 6,073 457 4 2,119 369 3 3,954 512 4 72.1

 Machine operators and tenders, except

 precision .................................................. 3,797 449 5 1,301 360 4 2,496 509 5 70.7

 Metalworking and plastic working machine

 operators ............................................... 305 531 16 59 458 22 246 554 18 82.7

 Punching and stamping press machine

 operators ............................................. 91 464 14 27 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 64 525 51 3 ( )

 Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing

 machine operators ................................ 86 512 18 11 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 75 516 21 3 ( )

 Metal and plastic processing machine

 operators ............................................... 122 485 23 25 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 97 521 25 3 ( )

 Molding and casting machine operators ... 73 475 39 21 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 52 511 22 3 ( )

 Woodworking machine operators ............... 84 415 16 14 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 71 431 28 3 ( )

 Sawing machine operators ....................... 51 399 19 9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 42 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Printing machine operators ......................... 312 562 21 66 418 13 246 618 20 67.6

 Printing press operators ........................... 250 565 22 38 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 212 607 25 3 ( )

 Textile, apparel, and furnishings machine

 operators ............................................... 615 330 7 422 319 4 193 373 15 85.4

 Textile sewing machine operators ............ 317 316 6 231 311 6 86 345 28 90.1

 Pressing machine operators ..................... 55 288 12 37 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 18 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Laundering and dry cleaning machine

 operators .............................................. 133 324 9 87 306 7 46 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Machine operators, assorted materials ...... 2,338 463 6 712 372 5 1,627 508 6 73.3

 Packaging and filling machine operators .. 286 380 9 179 346 9 107 446 42 77.6

 Mixing and blending machine operators ... 103 550 25 12 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 91 559 24 3 ( )

 Separating, filtering, and clarifying 

 machine operators ................................ 53 793 49 6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 47 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.

13
Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex, 2001 annual averages — Continued

Occupation

Both sexes Women Men

Women’s

earnings

as

percent

of men’s1

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

 Painting and paint spraying machine

 operators .............................................. 152 498 15 13 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 139 508 15 3 ( )

 Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, exc.

 food ....................................................... 57 607 57 5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 52 630 36 3 ( )

 Slicing and cutting machine operators ...... 130 454 24 32 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 98 490 19 3 ( )

 Photographic process machine operators 54 353 15 32 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 22 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Fabricators, assemblers, and hand working

 occupations ........................................... 1,623 464 7 489 376 7 1,134 505 6 74.5

 Welders and cutters .................................. 500 539 15 15 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 485 546 15 3 ( )

 Assemblers ............................................... 1,015 433 8 431 381 8 584 481 10 79.2

 Production inspectors, testers, samplers,

 and weighers .......................................... 652 484 9 329 400 7 323 592 18 67.6

 Production inspectors, checkers, and

 examiners ............................................. 469 495 10 246 410 8 223 616 19 66.6

 Production testers ..................................... 69 603 31 21 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 48 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Graders and sorters, except agricultural .. 108 334 20 58 313 12 50 388 29 80.6

 Transportation and material moving

occupations ................................................ 4,505 573 6 356 439 12 4,149 587 5 74.8

 Motor vehicle operators ................................ 3,303 575 6 299 422 13 3,004 591 5 71.5

 Supervisors ................................................. 72 609 33 15 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 57 683 161 3 ( )

 Truck drivers ............................................... 2,530 593 6 108 456 22 2,421 600 6 76.1

 Drivers-sales workers ................................. 144 630 34 7 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 137 647 40 3 ( )

 Bus drivers .................................................. 346 457 13 143 415 15 203 487 21 85.2

 Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs .................. 162 487 16 19 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 143 509 17 3 ( )

 Transportation occupations, except motor

 vehicles .................................................... 151 911 40 6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 144 919 37 3 ( )

 Rail transportation ...................................... 102 947 23 5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 98 950 23 3 ( )

 Locomotive operating occupation ............. 57 947 27 1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 56 950 26 3 ( )

 Material moving equipment operators .......... 1,052 536 11 51 486 29 1,001 540 12 90.0

 Operating engineers ................................... 231 675 39 5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 226 675 40 3 ( )

 Crane and tower operators ......................... 64 726 53 1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 63 718 60 3 ( )

 Excavating and loading machine operators 72 665 59 - - - 71 661 60 -

 Grader, dozer, and scraper operators ........ 55 568 39 1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 54 571 46 3 ( )

 Industrial truck and tractor equipment

 operators ................................................ 538 474 10 34 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 504 476 10 3 ( )

 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

 laborers ...................................................... 3,990 389 3 783 342 5 3,207 401 3 85.4

 Helpers, construction and extractive

 occupations .............................................. 89 394 19 3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 86 391 19 3 ( )

 Helpers, construction trades ....................... 83 389 21 3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 79 386 20 3 ( )

 Construction laborers ................................... 878 424 9 29 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 849 427 11 3 ( )

 Freight, stock, and material handlers ........... 1,277 384 5 305 341 10 972 398 6 85.7

 Stock handlers and baggers ....................... 595 324 5 207 317 6 388 330 10 96.0

 Machine feeders and offbearers ................. 72 399 13 25 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 47 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Garage and service station related

 occupations ............................................. 127 326 16 9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 118 328 19 3 ( )

 Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners .... 211 339 10 28 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 183 346 11 3 ( )

 Hand packers and packagers ....................... 291 326 9 182 321 6 108 344 20 93.2

 Laborers, except construction ...................... 1,037 400 5 212 365 10 824 410 5 88.9

Farming, forestry, and fishing ........................... 1,493 354 5 222 308 5 1,271 366 6 84.2

 Farm operators and managers ....................... 77 510 58 18 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 59 560 37 3 ( )

 Farm managers ............................................ 65 525 42 18 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 48 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

 Other agricultural and related occupations ..... 1,354 342 6 199 303 5 1,155 353 6 85.7

 Farm occupations, except managerial .......... 540 319 4 77 283 9 463 328 9 86.4

 Farm workers .............................................. 491 313 4 70 284 9 421 319 5 88.9

 Related agricultural occupations .................. 814 360 7 122 315 7 692 370 8 85.1

 Supervisors, related agricultural ................. 82 561 59 9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 73 625 73 3 ( )

 Groundskeepers and gardeners, except

 farm ....................................................... 609 356 7 36 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 574 358 8 3 ( )

 Animal caretakers, except farm .................. 80 341 22 55 323 17 25 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( )

1 These figures are computed using unrounded medians and may differ

slightly from percents computed using the rounded medians displayed in this

table.

2 Data not shown where base is less than 50,000. 3 Data not shown where base for either the numerator or denominator is

less than 50,000.

14
Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by sex and State, 2001 annual averages

State

Both sexes Women Men

Women’s

earnings

as

percent

of men’s1

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

 UNITED STATES ..................... 99,599 $597 $1 43,671 $511 $1 55,928 $672 $2 76.1

Alabama ....................................... 1,576 531 12 722 443 14 854 623 13 71.0

Alaska ........................................... 221 720 12 90 635 14 131 830 22 76.5

Arizona ......................................... 1,738 574 10 737 511 9 1,002 627 16 81.6

Arkansas ....................................... 866 472 8 409 414 7 457 522 11 79.3

California ...................................... 11,909 637 6 5,011 579 6 6,897 701 7 82.5

Colorado ....................................... 1,592 646 14 637 570 12 955 730 15 78.0

Connecticut ................................... 1,189 734 11 524 608 12 665 854 20 71.1

Delaware ...................................... 313 620 9 143 574 14 170 692 18 82.9

District of Columbia ...................... 220 658 11 110 624 11 109 704 21 88.5

Florida ........................................... 5,522 522 5 2,494 468 6 3,028 600 7 78.1

Georgia ......................................... 3,182 576 8 1,471 502 6 1,711 641 19 78.3

Hawaii ........................................... 414 571 13 190 503 9 223 624 18 80.6

Idaho ............................................. 434 520 8 177 436 11 257 598 9 72.9

Illinois ............................................ 4,576 613 5 2,032 525 7 2,544 707 12 74.2

Indiana .......................................... 2,205 586 8 954 489 9 1,251 667 15 73.3

Iowa .............................................. 1,080 564 10 481 492 9 598 622 12 79.1

Kansas .......................................... 933 583 10 423 496 10 510 669 17 74.1

Kentucky ....................................... 1,386 537 11 620 470 11 766 612 14 76.7

Louisiana ...................................... 1,485 502 7 673 417 11 812 600 10 69.6

Maine ............................................ 446 562 11 196 490 10 250 617 10 79.4

Maryland ....................................... 2,077 698 16 934 614 11 1,143 763 14 80.5

Massachusetts .............................. 2,271 671 9 978 600 8 1,293 733 12 81.8

Michigan ....................................... 3,493 651 9 1,502 540 11 1,991 753 12 71.7

Minnesota ..................................... 1,799 689 11 782 598 10 1,018 769 16 77.8

Mississippi .................................... 930 494 8 446 407 10 484 573 14 71.1

Missouri ........................................ 2,088 588 7 938 508 8 1,150 654 15 77.7

Montana ........................................ 274 488 8 120 412 6 154 557 15 74.0

Nebraska ...................................... 593 534 11 257 458 9 337 611 11 74.9

Nevada ......................................... 773 541 13 334 489 7 439 604 9 80.9

New Hampshire ............................ 465 645 13 200 546 18 265 728 16 75.0

New Jersey ................................... 3,035 698 9 1,324 600 7 1,711 799 12 75.1

New Mexico .................................. 577 520 9 258 457 16 318 586 11 78.0

New York ...................................... 6,243 626 5 2,755 554 7 3,488 702 9 78.9

North Carolina .............................. 2,890 529 7 1,347 482 6 1,542 597 8 80.8

North Dakota ................................ 220 495 7 102 418 7 118 576 13 72.5

Ohio .............................................. 4,005 599 5 1,730 506 5 2,274 685 11 73.9

Oklahoma ..................................... 1,153 517 8 520 425 9 632 619 11 68.7

Oregon .......................................... 1,145 602 9 467 517 10 678 681 16 75.8

Pennsylvania ................................ 4,176 610 5 1,817 515 6 2,358 694 9 74.1

Rhode Island ................................ 336 621 11 152 537 17 184 708 18 75.9

South Carolina .............................. 1,407 551 13 676 484 9 731 619 11 78.2

South Dakota ................................ 252 502 6 112 429 8 140 586 10 73.2

Tennessee .................................... 1,998 539 11 897 470 10 1,101 613 11 76.6

Texas ............................................ 7,650 530 6 3,281 467 6 4,369 605 7 77.3

Utah .............................................. 714 594 8 260 483 10 454 668 15 72.4

Vermont ........................................ 215 577 9 97 509 12 119 622 12 81.7

Virginia .......................................... 2,807 622 8 1,298 549 14 1,510 724 16 75.8

Washington ................................... 1,953 642 14 808 536 20 1,145 733 21 73.1

West Virginia ................................ 610 503 7 265 419 10 346 590 13 71.1

Wisconsin ..................................... 1,984 615 9 845 502 9 1,140 708 13 70.9

Wyoming ....................................... 177 561 13 74 452 11 104 671 15 67.4

1 These figures are computed using unrounded medians and may differ

slightly from percents computed using the rounded medians displayed in this

table.

NOTE: Data refer to persons 16 years and over.

15
Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics, 2001 annual averages

Characteristic

Both sexes Women Men

Women’s

earnings

as

percent

of men’s1

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

 median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

 median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

 median

AGE

 Total, 16 years and over ......... 20,926 $180 $1 14,259 $186 $1 6,667 $168 $1 110.4

16 to 24 years ............................... 8,128 138 1 4,538 136 1 3,590 140 1 97.3

 16 to 19 years ............................ 4,604 117 1 2,437 114 1 2,166 121 1 94.8

 20 to 24 years ............................ 3,524 169 2 2,100 165 2 1,424 177 3 93.2

25 years and over ......................... 12,798 218 1 9,721 218 1 3,077 219 2 99.4

 25 to 34 years ............................ 3,135 224 2 2,330 220 3 806 237 5 92.5

 35 to 44 years ............................ 3,602 237 3 3,025 236 3 577 246 8 96.0

 45 to 54 years ............................ 2,714 235 3 2,244 232 4 470 248 9 93.6

 55 to 64 years ............................ 1,812 204 3 1,304 201 3 508 214 6 94.1

 65 years and over ...................... 1,535 163 3 819 153 3 716 177 5 86.1

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN

White ............................................ 18,026 181 1 12,452 187 1 5,575 168 1 111.1

Black ............................................. 1,963 170 2 1,240 175 3 722 160 4 109.6

Hispanic origin .............................. 1,978 180 4 1,266 177 4 712 185 6 95.4

MARITAL STATUS

Never married ............................... 9,490 146 1 5,167 144 1 4,323 149 1 97.2

Married, spouse present ............... 8,941 223 2 7,107 223 2 1,834 224 4 99.5

Other marital status ...................... 2,495 198 2 1,985 197 3 511 205 6 95.9

 Divorced .................................... 1,336 213 3 1,036 211 4 300 218 8 96.8

 Separated .................................. 523 205 4 398 206 5 125 202 10 101.5

 Widowed .................................... 637 164 4 551 165 4 86 159 10 103.5

1 These figures are computed using unrounded medians and may differ

slightly from percents computed using the rounded medians displayed in this

table.

 NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum

to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and

Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

16
Table 6. Median usual weekly earnings of employed (full- and part-time) wage and salary workers by hours usually worked and sex, 2001 annual

averages

Hours of work

Both sexes Women Men

Women’s

earnings

as

percent

of men’s1

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

 Total, 16 years and over ........ 120,760 $515 $1 58,033 $428 $1 62,727 $617 $2 69.4

1 to 34 hours ................................. 18,525 184 1 12,748 190 1 5,777 170 1 111.8

 1 to 4 hours ................................. 409 47 3 279 46 3 130 49 6 92.8

 5 to 9 hours ................................. 1,139 63 1 769 65 1 370 60 2 109.7

 10 to 14 hours ............................. 1,686 91 1 1,155 93 2 531 87 2 108.0

 15 to 19 hours ............................. 2,469 123 1 1,685 130 2 784 114 1 114.3

 20 to 24 hours ............................. 5,642 174 1 3,830 183 2 1,812 163 1 112.5

 25 to 29 hours ............................. 2,462 217 2 1,688 220 2 774 210 3 104.6

 30 to 34 hours ............................. 4,720 276 2 3,342 280 3 1,377 269 3 104.4

35 hours and over ......................... 94,149 598 1 41,650 514 1 52,499 674 2 76.3

 35 to 39 hours ............................. 6,964 409 3 4,911 408 3 2,053 413 7 98.6

 40 hours .................................... 65,618 542 2 30,352 495 1 35,266 600 2 82.5

 41 hours and over ..................... 21,567 878 4 6,387 772 5 15,180 929 5 83.1

 41 to 44 hours ......................... 1,449 657 10 617 598 10 832 707 15 84.7

 45 to 48 hours ......................... 6,327 779 7 2,216 739 6 4,111 818 9 90.3

 49 to 59 hours ......................... 9,459 952 5 2,629 864 8 6,831 988 8 87.5

 60 hours and over ................... 4,332 1,002 10 926 830 19 3,406 1,060 19 78.3

Hours vary .................................... 8,086 385 4 3,635 271 4 4,451 522 10 51.9

 Usually less than 35 hours ......... 2,400 150 2 1,510 150 3 890 152 4 98.5

 Usually 35 hours or more ........... 5,450 570 9 2,021 412 7 3,429 646 9 63.8

1 These figures are computed using unrounded medians and may differ

slightly from percents computed using the rounded medians displayed in this

table.

 NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time workers.

Detail for the above "hours vary" groups will not sum to totals because data

are not presented for a small number of multiple jobholders whose usual

number of hours on the principal job is not identifiable.

17
Table 7. Quartiles and selected deciles of usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected

characteristics, 2001 annual averages

Characteristic

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Upper limit of:

First

decile

First

quartile

Second

quartile

(median)

Third

quartile

Ninth

decile

SEX, RACE, AND HISPANIC ORIGIN

Total, 16 years and over ........................................................... 99,599 $290 $396 $597 $898 $1,346 

 Women ................................................................................... 43,671 270 356 511 750 1,073

 Men ......................................................................................... 55,928 311 439 672 1,014 1,511

White ........................................................................................ 82,149 295 406 612 923 1,378

 Women ................................................................................... 34,871 276 366 521 763 1,104

 Men ......................................................................................... 47,279 316 456 694 1,041 1,542

Black ......................................................................................... 12,533 264 338 487 708 1,004

 Women ................................................................................... 6,607 248 317 451 648 912

 Men ......................................................................................... 5,925 285 372 518 760 1,127

Hispanic origin .......................................................................... 11,790 243 302 414 623 919

 Women ................................................................................... 4,561 230 284 385 564 808

 Men ......................................................................................... 7,230 256 314 438 667 987

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Total, 25 years and over ........................................................... 87,948 305 423 632 945 1,403

 Less than a high school diploma ............................................ 8,259 234 289 378 516 716

 High school graduates, no college ......................................... 27,142 290 381 520 738 1,001

 Some college or associate degree ......................................... 24,764 324 442 621 868 1,179

 College graduates, total .......................................................... 27,783 467 644 924 1,369 1,902

Women, 25 years and over ...................................................... 38,573 282 379 542 780 1,125

 Less than a high school diploma ............................................ 2,922 207 257 314 410 533

 High school graduates, no college ......................................... 11,883 263 333 441 597 784

 Some college or associate degree ......................................... 11,618 295 391 525 719 954

 College graduates, total .......................................................... 12,151 423 589 784 1,104 1,510

Men, 25 years and over ............................................................ 49,374 338 487 722 1,078 1,569

 Less than a high school diploma ............................................ 5,337 257 312 415 584 788

 High school graduates, no college ......................................... 15,259 322 436 610 844 1,123

 Some college or associate degree ......................................... 13,146 377 513 725 990 1,341

 College graduates, total .......................................................... 15,632 505 729 1,082 1,556 2,180

 NOTE: Ten percent of all full-time wage and salary workers

earn less than the upper limit of the first decile; 25 percent earn

less than the upper limit of the first quartile; 50 percent earn less

than the upper limit of the second quartile, or median; 75 percent

earn less than the upper limit of the third quartile; and 90 percent

earn less than the upper limit of the ninth decile. Detail for the

above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals

because data for the "other races" group are not presented and

Hispanics are included in both the white and black population

groups.

18
Table 8. Usual weekly earnings distribution of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics, 2001 annual averages

(In thousands)

Characteristic Total

employed

Usual weekly earnings distribution

Under

$150.00

$150.00

to

$249.99

$250.00

to

$349.99

$350.00

to

$499.99

$500.00

to

$749.99

$750.00

to

$999.99

$1000.00

to

$1499.99

$1500.00

or

more

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over ............................. 99,599 1,024 4,208 12,595 20,569 25,348 15,391 13,039 7,426

16 to 24 years ....................................................... 11,651 301 1,286 3,308 3,712 2,176 566 254 49

 16 to 19 years .................................................... 2,171 117 465 813 573 165 26 11 1

 20 to 24 years .................................................... 9,481 184 821 2,495 3,139 2,011 540 243 48

25 years and over ................................................. 87,948 722 2,922 9,287 16,856 23,173 14,825 12,785 7,376

 25 to 34 years .................................................... 24,528 141 908 3,054 5,522 7,285 3,763 2,686 1,170

 35 to 44 years .................................................... 28,464 209 888 2,791 5,165 7,351 4,923 4,459 2,680

 45 to 54 years .................................................... 23,733 180 649 2,141 4,067 5,859 4,389 4,022 2,427

 55 to 64 years .................................................... 9,769 127 334 1,012 1,826 2,425 1,569 1,492 983

 65 years and over .............................................. 1,453 66 144 289 277 252 182 127 117

Women, 16 years and over ........................ 43,671 595 2,570 7,003 10,720 11,423 5,852 3,914 1,595

16 to 24 years ....................................................... 5,098 162 674 1,573 1,610 806 189 74 10

 16 to 19 years .................................................... 922 65 231 378 200 42 6 – –

 20 to 24 years .................................................... 4,176 97 444 1,195 1,410 764 183 74 10

25 years and over ................................................. 38,573 434 1,895 5,429 9,110 10,617 5,663 3,840 1,585

 25 to 34 years .................................................... 10,513 90 555 1,610 2,666 3,152 1,335 809 295

 35 to 44 years .................................................... 12,243 130 609 1,716 2,879 3,260 1,824 1,252 574

 45 to 54 years .................................................... 10,867 107 446 1,347 2,399 2,894 1,821 1,322 529

 55 to 64 years .................................................... 4,356 72 205 600 1,043 1,215 618 427 175

 65 years and over .............................................. 594 34 79 156 123 96 65 29 11

Men, 16 years and over .............................. 55,928 428 1,638 5,592 9,849 13,925 9,539 9,125 5,831

16 to 24 years ....................................................... 6,554 140 611 1,735 2,103 1,370 376 180 39

 16 to 19 years .................................................... 1,249 52 234 434 373 123 20 11 1

 20 to 24 years .................................................... 5,305 87 377 1,300 1,729 1,247 356 169 38

25 years and over ................................................. 49,374 289 1,027 3,858 7,746 12,555 9,162 8,946 5,791

 25 to 34 years .................................................... 14,016 51 353 1,444 2,857 4,133 2,428 1,876 875

 35 to 44 years .................................................... 16,221 79 279 1,076 2,286 4,091 3,099 3,207 2,105

 45 to 54 years .................................................... 12,865 73 202 793 1,667 2,965 2,567 2,700 1,898

 55 to 64 years .................................................... 5,413 55 129 412 783 1,210 952 1,065 808

 65 years and over .............................................. 859 31 64 133 153 156 117 98 106

RACE, SEX, AND HISPANIC ORIGIN

White, 16 years and over ............................ 82,149 800 3,161 9,717 16,332 21,046 13,150 11,348 6,595

Women ................................................................. 34,871 456 1,891 5,287 8,461 9,315 4,800 3,281 1,381

Men ....................................................................... 47,279 345 1,270 4,430 7,871 11,731 8,350 8,067 5,214

Black, 16 years and over ............................ 12,533 164 831 2,267 3,271 3,153 1,509 974 365

Women ................................................................. 6,607 103 561 1,376 1,759 1,567 736 393 112

Men ....................................................................... 5,925 61 269 891 1,511 1,586 773 581 253

Hispanic origin, 16 years and over ............. 11,790 161 1,097 2,961 3,094 2,479 1,000 708 290

Women ................................................................. 4,561 89 567 1,280 1,183 868 315 192 67

Men ....................................................................... 7,230 72 531 1,681 1,911 1,611 684 516 223

 NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to

totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and

Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

19
Table 9. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by sex, marital status, and 

presence and age of own children under 18 years old, 2001 annual averages 

Characteristic

Number of

workers

(in thousands)

 Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

WOMEN

Total, all marital statuses ............................................ 43,671 $511 $1

With children under 18 years old ............................ 16,863 496 2

 With children 6 to 17, none younger .................... 10,657 509 2

 With children under 6 years old ........................... 6,206 476 3

With no children under 18 years old ....................... 26,808 521 2

Total, married, spouse present ................................... 22,797 548 3

With children under 18 years old ............................ 11,310 524 3

 With children 6 to 17, none younger .................... 7,056 529 4

 With children under 6 years old ........................... 4,254 520 4

With no children under 18 years old ....................... 11,487 572 3

Total, other marital statuses1 ..................................... 20,875 481 2

With children under 18 years old ............................ 5,553 430 4

 With children 6 to 17, none younger .................... 3,601 474 4

 With children under 6 years old ........................... 1,952 379 4

With no children under 18 years old ....................... 15,322 496 2

MEN

Total, all marital statuses ............................................ 55,928 672 2

With children under 18 years old ............................ 21,769 747 3

 With children 6 to 17, none younger .................... 11,797 777 5

 With children under 6 years old ........................... 9,972 712 5

With no children under 18 years old ....................... 34,159 621 2

Total, married, spouse present ................................... 34,406 759 2

With children under 18 years old ............................ 20,255 759 3

 With children 6 to 17, none younger .................... 10,885 790 5

 With children under 6 years old ........................... 9,370 729 5

With no children under 18 years old ....................... 14,151 759 4

Total, other marital statuses1 ..................................... 21,521 534 4

With children under 18 years old ............................ 1,514 591 8

 With children 6 to 17, none younger .................... 911 663 15

 With children under 6 years old ........................... 602 481 13

With no children under 18 years old ....................... 20,008 528 3

1 Includes never-married, divorced, separated,

and widowed persons.

 NOTE: Children refer to "own" children and

include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted

children. Excluded are other related children such as

grandchildren, nieces, nephews, and cousins, and

unrelated children.

20
Table 10. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates by selected characteristics, 2001 annual averages

Characteristic

Both sexes Women Men

Women’s

earnings

as

percent

of men’s1

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

hourly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

hourly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

hourly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

AGE

Total, 16 years and over ............. 72,486 $10.17 $0.01 36,457 $9.57 $0.02 36,029 $11.36 $0.03 84.3

16 to 24 years ....................................... 16,602 7.65 .03 8,111 7.21 .02 8,491 7.97 .02 90.5

 16 to 19 years .................................... 6,319 6.75 .02 3,166 6.62 .02 3,153 6.90 .03 96.0

 20 to 24 years .................................... 10,283 8.32 .04 4,945 7.99 .03 5,338 8.85 .04 90.3

25 years and over ................................. 55,884 11.47 .05 28,346 10.19 .02 27,538 13.00 .04 78.4

 25 to 34 years .................................... 15,924 10.82 .04 7,488 9.98 .03 8,436 11.82 .05 84.4

 35 to 44 years .................................... 17,875 11.98 .04 9,154 10.38 .07 8,721 13.98 .05 74.2

 45 to 54 years .................................... 13,898 12.18 .05 7,338 10.81 .05 6,560 14.46 .16 74.7

 55 to 64 years .................................... 6,334 11.21 .10 3,376 10.20 .05 2,958 12.98 .12 78.6

 65 years and over .............................. 1,852 8.37 .15 989 8.07 .06 863 8.97 .11 90.0

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN

White .................................................... 59,152 10.25 .03 29,360 9.70 .03 29,792 11.76 .05 82.5

Black ..................................................... 10,014 9.66 .06 5,431 9.06 .04 4,583 10.10 .04 89.7

Hispanic origin ...................................... 10,030 8.98 .05 4,258 8.21 .05 5,772 9.65 .12 85.1

MARITAL STATUS

Never married ....................................... 24,995 8.46 .04 11,554 8.00 .02 13,441 8.99 .03 89.0

Married, spouse present ....................... 35,290 11.87 .02 17,295 10.22 .03 17,995 13.67 .08 74.8

Other marital status .............................. 12,201 10.42 .07 7,608 9.90 .03 4,593 12.12 .07 81.7

 Divorced ............................................ 7,761 11.15 .05 4,739 10.22 .06 3,022 13.09 .11 78.1

 Separated .......................................... 2,945 9.68 .10 1,633 9.03 .08 1,312 10.16 .07 88.9

 Widowed ............................................ 1,495 9.65 .19 1,236 9.22 .13 259 10.69 .29 86.3

UNION AFFILIATION2

Members of unions3 ............................. 10,636 14.88 .05 3,759 12.21 .10 6,877 16.18 .12 75.4

Represented by unions4 ....................... 11,507 14.79 .08 4,188 12.19 .08 7,319 16.06 .08 75.9

Not represented by a union .................. 60,979 9.86 .01 32,269 9.19 .02 28,709 10.28 .04 89.3

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Total, 25 years and over ....................... 55,884 11.47 .05 28,346 10.19 .02 27,538 13.00 .04 78.4

 Less than a high school diploma ........ 7,725 8.77 .05 3,193 7.72 .05 4,532 9.84 .03 78.4

 High school graduates, no college ..... 22,373 10.97 .03 10,992 9.77 .03 11,381 12.95 .05 75.4

 Some college or associate degree ..... 17,634 12.22 .05 9,547 11.01 .04 8,087 14.31 .12 76.9

 College graduates, total ...................... 8,151 15.81 .14 4,614 15.09 .06 3,537 16.89 .19 89.4

1 These figures are computed using unrounded medians and may differ

slightly from percents computed using the rounded medians displayed in this

table. 2 Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union

affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective

bargaining agreement, including the distribution of male and female employees

by occupation, industry, firm size, or geographic region. 3 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar

to a union. 4 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar

to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are

covered by a union or an employee association contract.

 NOTE: Hourly-paid workers account for approximately three-fifths of all

wage and salary workers. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups

will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented

and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

21
Table 11. Hourly earnings distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates by selected characteristics, 2001 annual averages

(In thousands)

Characteristic Total

employed

Hourly earnings distribution

Under

$4.00

$4.00

to

$4.99

$5.00

to

$5.99

$6.00

to

$7.99

$8.00

to

$9.99

$10.00

to

$11.99

$12.00

to

$15.99

$16.00

to

$19.99

$20.00

or

more

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over ............................. 72,486 875 201 3,401 14,298 13,534 11,368 13,670 6,763 8,376

16 to 24 years ....................................................... 16,602 446 90 1,950 6,217 3,811 2,210 1,376 331 170

16 to 19 years ..................................................... 6,319 158 55 1,254 3,126 1,102 439 159 16 8

20 to 24 years ..................................................... 10,283 288 34 696 3,091 2,709 1,771 1,217 315 162

25 years and over ................................................. 55,884 429 112 1,451 8,081 9,722 9,158 12,294 6,431 8,206

25 to 34 years ..................................................... 15,924 172 44 448 2,475 3,064 2,896 3,705 1,562 1,558

35 to 44 years ..................................................... 17,875 136 27 379 2,410 2,831 2,852 3,993 2,262 2,984

45 to 54 years ..................................................... 13,898 71 19 287 1,707 2,206 2,138 3,042 1,809 2,619

55 to 64 years ..................................................... 6,334 41 10 178 929 1,178 1,013 1,352 722 913

65 years and over ............................................... 1,852 9 11 159 560 444 259 201 77 132

Women, 16 years and over ........................ 36,457 649 122 2,065 8,619 7,573 5,998 6,084 2,437 2,910

16 to 24 years ....................................................... 8,111 320 54 1,071 3,322 1,757 935 504 87 60

16 to 19 years ..................................................... 3,166 115 31 659 1,664 480 164 48 3 1

20 to 24 years ..................................................... 4,945 206 24 412 1,658 1,276 771 455 84 59

25 years and over ................................................. 28,346 328 68 994 5,297 5,816 5,062 5,581 2,350 2,850

25 to 34 years ..................................................... 7,488 135 20 288 1,479 1,619 1,361 1,508 526 553

35 to 44 years ..................................................... 9,154 101 21 269 1,702 1,783 1,654 1,772 799 1,054

45 to 54 years ..................................................... 7,338 53 14 216 1,189 1,434 1,303 1,501 709 919

55 to 64 years ..................................................... 3,376 30 9 124 596 739 602 705 280 291

65 years and over ............................................... 989 9 4 97 331 241 142 95 36 34

Men, 16 years and over .............................. 36,029 227 79 1,336 5,678 5,961 5,370 7,586 4,325 5,466

16 to 24 years ....................................................... 8,491 126 35 879 2,895 2,055 1,275 873 244 110

16 to 19 years ..................................................... 3,153 43 25 595 1,462 622 275 111 13 7

20 to 24 years ..................................................... 5,338 82 11 284 1,433 1,432 1,000 762 231 103

25 years and over ................................................. 27,538 101 44 457 2,783 3,906 4,096 6,714 4,081 5,356

25 to 34 years ..................................................... 8,436 37 24 160 997 1,444 1,535 2,197 1,036 1,005

35 to 44 years ..................................................... 8,721 36 6 110 707 1,048 1,199 2,222 1,462 1,930

45 to 54 years ..................................................... 6,560 18 5 71 518 772 835 1,542 1,100 1,700

55 to 64 years ..................................................... 2,958 11 2 54 332 439 410 647 441 622

65 years and over ............................................... 863 – 7 62 229 203 117 106 41 98

RACE, SEX, AND HISPANIC ORIGIN

White, 16 years and over ............................ 59,152 791 162 2,694 11,389 10,641 9,246 11,236 5,730 7,262

Women ................................................................. 29,360 587 93 1,638 6,779 5,964 4,870 4,947 2,029 2,452

Men ....................................................................... 29,792 204 69 1,056 4,610 4,678 4,376 6,290 3,701 4,810

Black, 16 years and over ............................ 10,014 48 33 579 2,219 2,293 1,619 1,787 752 684

Women ................................................................. 5,431 36 25 348 1,431 1,283 865 852 299 291

Men ....................................................................... 4,583 12 8 231 788 1,010 754 934 453 393

Hispanic origin, 16 years and over ............. 10,030 76 25 604 2,841 2,181 1,562 1,526 630 585

Women ................................................................. 4,258 47 12 353 1,405 937 625 547 175 158

Men ....................................................................... 5,772 29 13 251 1,436 1,244 937 979 456 427

 NOTE: Hourly-paid workers account for approximately three-fifths of all

wage and salary workers. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin

groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are

not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black

population groups.

22
Table 12. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage by selected

characteristics, 2001 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Below

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

At 

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

Total at or below prevailing Federal

minimum wage

Number

Percent of

hourly-paid

workers

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over ............................. 72,486 1,602 636 2,238 3.1

16 to 24 years ....................................................... 16,602 830 376 1,206 7.3

 16 to 19 years .................................................... 6,319 388 241 629 10.0

 20 to 24 years .................................................... 10,283 442 134 577 5.6

25 years and over ................................................. 55,884 771 260 1,032 1.8

 25 to 34 years .................................................... 15,924 283 80 362 2.3

 35 to 44 years .................................................... 17,875 229 59 288 1.6

 45 to 54 years .................................................... 13,898 131 51 182 1.3

 55 to 64 years .................................................... 6,334 80 35 115 1.8

 65 years and over .............................................. 1,852 49 36 85 4.6

Women, 16 years and over ........................ 36,457 1,073 381 1,454 4.0

16 to 24 years ....................................................... 8,111 534 199 733 9.0

 16 to 19 years .................................................... 3,166 233 122 355 11.2

 20 to 24 years .................................................... 4,945 301 77 377 7.6

25 years and over ................................................. 28,346 539 182 721 2.5

 25 to 34 years .................................................... 7,488 191 55 246 3.3

 35 to 44 years .................................................... 9,154 163 43 206 2.3

 45 to 54 years .................................................... 7,338 92 38 130 1.8

 55 to 64 years .................................................... 3,376 61 24 85 2.5

 65 years and over .............................................. 989 32 23 54 5.5

Men, 16 years and over .............................. 36,029 529 255 784 2.2

16 to 24 years ....................................................... 8,491 296 177 473 5.6

 16 to 19 years .................................................... 3,153 155 119 274 8.7

 20 to 24 years .................................................... 5,338 142 58 199 3.7

25 years and over ................................................. 27,538 233 78 311 1.1

 25 to 34 years .................................................... 8,436 92 25 117 1.4

 35 to 44 years .................................................... 8,721 66 16 82 .9

 45 to 54 years .................................................... 6,560 39 13 52 .8

 55 to 64 years .................................................... 2,958 18 11 30 1.0

 65 years and over .............................................. 863 17 14 31 3.6

RACE, SEX, AND HISPANIC ORIGIN

White, 16 years and over ............................ 59,152 1,359 502 1,861 3.1

Women ................................................................. 29,360 915 304 1,219 4.2

Men ....................................................................... 29,792 444 198 641 2.2

Black, 16 years and over ............................ 10,014 183 114 297 3.0

Women ................................................................. 5,431 119 64 183 3.4

Men ....................................................................... 4,583 64 50 114 2.5

Hispanic origin, 16 years and over ............. 10,030 187 114 302 3.0

Women ................................................................. 4,258 104 59 164 3.8

Men ....................................................................... 5,772 83 55 138 2.4

FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS

AND SEX1

Full-time workers .................................................. 55,232 662 191 853 1.5

 Women ............................................................... 24,780 413 112 525 2.1

 Men ..................................................................... 30,452 249 79 328 1.1

Part-time workers ................................................. 17,124 937 441 1,378 8.0

 Women ............................................................... 11,613 657 266 923 7.9

 Men ..................................................................... 5,511 279 176 455 8.3

1 The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on

hours usually worked. These data will not sum to totals because full- or

part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number

of multiple jobholders.

 NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not

sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented

and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population

groups. See Technical Note for more information about minimum wage

workers.

23
Table 13. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in constant (2001) dollars by sex and age, 1979-2001 annual averages

Year and sex

Total, 16

years and

over

16 to 24 years 25 years and over

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and over

BOTH SEXES

1979 .......................................... $548 $391 $327 $423 $603 $581 $637 $628 $595 $450

1980 .......................................... 536 383 315 410 586 564 617 608 583 416

1981 .......................................... 530 374 302 398 577 554 609 599 577 415

1982 .......................................... 534 368 290 389 578 550 625 610 575 447

1983 .......................................... 532 358 278 378 583 545 627 623 588 442

1984 .......................................... 532 354 275 376 590 547 635 628 596 444

1985 .......................................... 542 353 274 379 597 551 640 632 601 468

19861 ........................................ 556 360 276 385 606 558 649 644 615 462

1987 .......................................... 561 364 278 388 604 560 653 643 608 465

1988 .......................................... 558 360 283 384 600 554 651 655 607 468

1989 .......................................... 553 360 283 383 593 546 655 655 598 463

19901 ........................................ 544 355 276 376 592 537 642 645 603 453

1991 .......................................... 542 353 271 371 595 529 634 645 597 485

1992 .......................................... 546 343 263 360 594 523 624 648 599 469

1993 .......................................... 554 341 258 359 594 528 626 655 595 475

19941 ........................................ 553 339 261 354 591 520 635 670 593 455

1995 .......................................... 553 337 266 353 589 521 635 672 593 449

1996 .......................................... 551 335 269 350 585 520 628 667 601 432

19971 ........................................ 554 337 277 353 594 529 637 668 614 433

19981 ........................................ 567 346 290 367 620 544 647 673 643 439

19991 ........................................ 583 363 299 386 629 550 649 693 642 429

20001 ........................................ 592 371 302 393 628 565 648 690 634 454

2001 .......................................... 597 376 304 395 632 579 658 693 640 472

WOMEN

1979 .......................................... 414 350 300 367 443 452 445 437 429 387

1980 .......................................... 411 342 297 357 435 446 438 427 419 358

1981 .......................................... 409 337 288 358 436 447 445 421 415 353

1982 .......................................... 422 339 279 356 450 455 456 445 432 373

1983 .......................................... 428 336 268 352 454 461 462 448 437 360

1984 .......................................... 432 332 264 348 462 464 476 455 440 357

1985 .......................................... 438 332 262 349 467 466 484 460 449 382

19861 ........................................ 451 339 263 359 478 474 495 478 458 397

1987 .......................................... 455 340 258 363 481 474 505 486 462 391

1988 .......................................... 456 341 266 364 485 473 512 491 459 405

1989 .......................................... 455 341 273 361 486 472 513 495 461 405

19901 ........................................ 457 335 261 355 487 470 515 498 459 396

1991 .......................................... 467 339 261 357 493 472 519 507 462 406

1992 .......................................... 471 331 254 347 496 474 519 517 466 407

1993 .......................................... 476 331 248 350 502 477 526 532 478 405

19941 ........................................ 472 326 250 343 499 470 530 533 471 398

1995 .......................................... 468 318 248 336 494 466 524 536 465 407

1996 .......................................... 470 319 251 335 499 467 520 540 472 376

19971 ........................................ 474 321 264 337 508 470 530 544 476 383

19981 ........................................ 495 331 270 346 526 490 540 559 517 380

19991 ........................................ 503 344 283 365 528 500 535 568 523 393

20001 ........................................ 505 352 287 374 529 507 534 581 519 389

2001 .......................................... 511 354 287 375 542 514 545 588 539 372

See footnotes at end of table.

24
Table 13. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in constant (2001) dollars by sex and age, 1979-2001 annual averages —

 Continued

Year and sex

Total, 16

years and

over

16 to 24 years 25 years and over

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and over

MEN

1979 .......................................... $663 $446 $352 $479 $714 $671 $763 $767 $710 $498 

1980 .......................................... 640 426 331 458 694 643 751 750 705 468

1981 .......................................... 635 408 314 444 695 635 742 741 705 498

1982 .......................................... 644 397 300 431 695 632 746 740 705 530

1983 .......................................... 643 379 285 410 690 629 751 753 707 523

1984 .......................................... 639 377 285 408 689 623 769 766 717 535

1985 .......................................... 642 379 288 408 699 621 768 771 737 579

19861 ........................................ 650 381 288 409 717 623 773 784 751 555

1987 .......................................... 650 386 294 412 716 617 765 779 743 570

1988 .......................................... 650 378 297 404 705 609 749 795 736 571

1989 .......................................... 649 376 290 402 693 602 752 789 722 546

19901 ........................................ 635 372 287 393 676 593 739 780 720 531

1991 .......................................... 628 364 279 382 666 584 733 780 717 595

1992 .......................................... 622 352 271 369 665 579 721 786 718 522

1993 .......................................... 617 349 267 366 671 575 720 790 709 546

19941 ........................................ 618 348 270 363 682 567 731 794 713 522

1995 .......................................... 621 350 282 364 679 565 721 791 719 509

1996 .......................................... 626 345 282 361 673 561 711 784 722 536

19971 ........................................ 636 349 289 372 676 567 716 784 736 497

19981 ........................................ 649 362 305 387 693 590 734 793 758 523

19991 ........................................ 657 378 310 403 709 613 746 810 771 500

20001 ........................................ 664 387 312 407 719 619 752 798 758 552

2001 .......................................... 672 392 319 410 722 621 755 799 766 548

WOMEN’S

EARNINGS

AS PERCENT

OF MEN’S2

1979 .......................................... 62.5 78.5 85.2 76.5 62.1 67.4 58.3 56.9 60.5 77.8 

1980 .......................................... 64.3 80.1 89.5 78.0 62.7 69.4 58.4 56.9 59.4 76.5 

1981 .......................................... 64.5 82.6 91.8 80.7 62.7 70.4 59.9 56.8 58.9 70.9 

1982 .......................................... 65.5 85.3 92.8 82.5 64.7 72.1 61.2 60.1 61.3 70.4 

1983 .......................................... 66.6 88.6 94.1 85.9 65.8 73.3 61.5 59.5 61.8 68.7 

1984 .......................................... 67.6 87.9 92.7 85.3 67.0 74.5 61.9 59.4 61.4 66.8 

1985 .......................................... 68.2 87.5 90.8 85.5 66.9 75.1 63.1 59.7 60.9 66.0 

19861 ........................................ 69.3 88.9 91.5 87.7 66.7 76.2 64.0 61.0 61.0 71.4 

1987 .......................................... 69.9 88.1 87.8 88.0 67.3 76.8 66.1 62.3 62.2 68.7 

1988 .......................................... 70.1 90.0 89.8 90.1 68.7 77.7 68.4 61.8 62.4 70.8 

1989 .......................................... 70.1 90.7 94.0 89.8 70.2 78.4 68.1 62.7 63.9 74.2 

19901 ........................................ 71.9 90.1 91.0 90.2 72.1 79.2 69.7 63.8 63.7 74.5 

1991 .......................................... 74.3 93.3 93.5 93.5 74.0 80.9 70.8 64.9 64.4 68.4 

1992 .......................................... 75.8 94.0 93.8 94.2 74.6 82.0 71.9 65.8 64.9 78.1 

1993 .......................................... 77.1 94.8 93.0 95.6 74.7 82.9 73.0 67.3 67.4 74.1 

19941 ........................................ 76.4 93.7 92.7 94.5 73.1 82.9 72.5 67.1 66.1 76.3 

1995 .......................................... 75.4 90.8 87.9 92.2 72.7 82.4 72.7 67.8 64.8 79.9 

1996 .......................................... 75.0 92.4 88.9 92.8 74.1 83.2 73.2 68.9 65.4 70.0 

19971 ........................................ 74.5 92.1 91.4 90.6 75.1 82.9 74.0 69.4 64.7 77.1 

19981 ........................................ 76.3 91.3 88.5 89.4 75.9 83.0 73.5 70.5 68.2 72.6 

19991 ........................................ 76.5 91.0 91.3 90.5 74.4 81.5 71.7 70.1 67.8 78.7 

20001 ........................................ 76.0 91.0 91.9 91.9 73.6 81.9 71.1 72.7 68.5 70.5 

2001 .......................................... 76.1 90.2 89.9 91.6 75.1 82.7 72.3 73.6 70.4 67.9 

1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at

various times by methodological and conceptual changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Explanatory Notes and

Estimates of Error section of Employment and Earnings, a monthly BLS

periodical. 2 These figures are computed using unrounded medians and may differ

slightly from percents computed using the rounded medians displayed in this

table.

 NOTE: The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods

(CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant dollars. See

Technical Note. 

25
Table 14. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in constant (2001) dollars by sex, race,

and Hispanic origin, 1979-2001 annual averages

Year and sex Total, 16 years

and over White Black Hispanic origin

BOTH SEXES

1979 .................................................................. $548 $563 $452 $440

1980 .................................................................. 536 549 434 428

1981 .................................................................. 530 543 439 417

1982 .................................................................. 534 547 433 424

1983 .................................................................. 532 543 444 424

1984 .................................................................. 532 549 439 423

1985 .................................................................. 542 561 437 425

19861 ................................................................ 556 575 451 429

1987 .................................................................. 561 576 451 427

1988 .................................................................. 558 571 455 420

1989 .................................................................. 553 568 443 414

19901 ................................................................ 544 559 434 401

1991 .................................................................. 542 564 443 398

1992 .................................................................. 546 568 442 399

1993 .................................................................. 554 575 446 400

19941 ................................................................ 553 572 440 384

1995 .................................................................. 553 571 442 379

1996 .................................................................. 551 568 435 381

19971 ................................................................ 554 571 440 387

19981 ................................................................ 567 591 462 402

19991 ................................................................ 583 609 473 409

20001 ................................................................ 592 608 481 407

2001 .................................................................. 597 612 487 414

WOMEN

1979 .................................................................. 414 418 384 357

1980 .................................................................. 411 415 379 353

1981 .................................................................. 409 413 385 355

1982 .................................................................. 422 427 384 359

1983 .................................................................. 428 432 393 364

1984 .................................................................. 432 438 393 364

1985 .................................................................. 438 444 398 362

19861 ................................................................ 451 456 409 374

1987 .................................................................. 455 461 413 377

1988 .................................................................. 456 461 417 377

1989 .................................................................. 455 463 418 374

19901 ................................................................ 457 466 407 367

1991 .................................................................. 467 475 411 372

1992 .................................................................. 471 480 416 375

1993 .................................................................. 476 485 420 378

19941 ................................................................ 472 483 410 360

1995 .................................................................. 468 479 409 352

1996 .................................................................. 470 481 407 356

19971 ................................................................ 474 489 412 350

19981 ................................................................ 495 507 433 365

19991 ................................................................ 503 514 434 370

20001 ................................................................ 505 514 440 374

2001 .................................................................. 511 521 451 385

See footnotes at end of table.

26
Table 14. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in constant (2001) dollars by sex,

race, and Hispanic origin, 1979-2001 annual averages — Continued

Year and sex Total, 16 years

and over White Black Hispanic origin

MEN

1979 ........................................................ $663 $678 $517 $499 

1980 ........................................................ 640 654 500 479

1981 ........................................................ 635 654 502 470

1982 ........................................................ 644 663 492 474

1983 ........................................................ 643 657 499 466

1984 ........................................................ 639 654 494 468

1985 ........................................................ 642 659 481 466

19861 ...................................................... 650 672 494 464

1987 ........................................................ 650 675 490 459

1988 ........................................................ 650 673 503 446

1989 ........................................................ 649 668 483 436

19901 ...................................................... 635 651 476 419

1991 ........................................................ 628 644 477 411

1992 ........................................................ 622 638 472 420

1993 ........................................................ 617 633 474 418

19941 ...................................................... 618 648 474 406

1995 ........................................................ 621 654 474 404

1996 ........................................................ 626 652 462 400

19971 ...................................................... 636 655 475 409

19981 ...................................................... 649 667 507 422

19991 ...................................................... 657 678 519 431

20001 ...................................................... 664 687 517 426

2001 ........................................................ 672 694 518 438

WOMEN’S

EARNINGS

AS PERCENT

OF MEN’S2

1979 ........................................................ 62.5 61.7 74.3 71.7 

1980 ........................................................ 64.3 63.5 75.8 73.6 

1981 ........................................................ 64.5 63.1 76.7 75.6 

1982 ........................................................ 65.5 64.4 78.0 75.7 

1983 ........................................................ 66.6 65.7 78.9 78.3 

1984 ........................................................ 67.6 67.0 79.6 77.8 

1985 ........................................................ 68.2 67.4 82.8 77.7 

19861 ...................................................... 69.3 67.9 82.7 80.7 

1987 ........................................................ 69.9 68.2 84.4 82.1 

1988 ........................................................ 70.1 68.5 83.0 84.6 

1989 ........................................................ 70.1 69.2 86.5 85.6 

19901 ...................................................... 71.9 71.5 85.5 87.6 

1991 ........................................................ 74.3 73.7 86.1 90.5 

1992 ........................................................ 75.8 75.2 88.1 89.1 

1993 ........................................................ 77.1 76.5 88.8 90.4 

19941 ...................................................... 76.4 74.5 86.5 88.8 

1995 ........................................................ 75.4 73.2 86.3 87.3 

1996 ........................................................ 75.0 73.8 88.1 89.0 

19971 ...................................................... 74.5 74.6 86.8 85.6 

19981 ...................................................... 76.3 76.1 85.4 86.5 

19991 ...................................................... 76.5 75.7 83.7 85.7 

20001 ...................................................... 76.0 74.7 85.2 87.7 

2001 ........................................................ 76.1 75.2 87.1 88.0 

1 The comparability of historical labor force data has

been affected at various times by methodological and

conceptual changes in the Current Population Survey

(CPS). For an explanation, see the Explanatory Notes

and Estimates of Error section of Employment and

Earnings, a monthly BLS periodical. 2 These figures are computed using unrounded

medians and may differ slightly from percents computed

using the rounded medians displayed in this table.

 NOTE: Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any

race; thus they are included in both the white and black

population groups. The Consumer Price Index research

series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to

convert current dollars to constant dollars. See

Technical Note.

27
Table 15. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and over in constant (2001) dollars by sex

and educational attainment, 1979-2001 annual averages

Year and sex

Total,

25 years and

over

 Less than a

high school

diploma

 High school

graduates, no

college

 Some college or

associate degree

 College

graduates, total

BOTH SEXES

1979 ........................................................ $603 $477 $565 $641 $782

1980 ........................................................ 586 454 545 621 770

1981 ........................................................ 577 448 535 606 760

1982 ........................................................ 578 438 533 620 773

1983 ........................................................ 583 434 529 616 783

1984 ........................................................ 590 430 526 623 792

1985 ........................................................ 597 426 526 629 797

19861 ...................................................... 606 431 533 634 813

1987 ........................................................ 604 425 534 631 845

1988 ........................................................ 600 417 533 623 847

1989 ........................................................ 593 413 520 628 845

19901 ...................................................... 592 400 509 628 841

1991 ........................................................ 595 391 506 624 848

1992 ........................................................ 594 386 500 601 863

1993 ........................................................ 594 380 502 597 864

19941 ...................................................... 591 364 498 590 868

1995 ........................................................ 589 357 498 586 862

1996 ........................................................ 585 356 498 581 852

19971 ...................................................... 594 353 507 589 857

19981 ...................................................... 620 365 520 605 890

19991 ...................................................... 629 368 521 616 913

20001 ...................................................... 628 370 520 615 921

2001 ........................................................ 632 378 520 621 924

WOMEN

1979 ........................................................ 443 345 420 479 599

1980 ........................................................ 435 335 410 472 593

1981 ........................................................ 436 327 406 477 595

1982 ........................................................ 450 326 417 485 612

1983 ........................................................ 454 331 418 488 626

1984 ........................................................ 462 326 422 497 636

1985 ........................................................ 467 319 422 500 654

19861 ...................................................... 478 322 429 511 676

1987 ........................................................ 481 321 431 521 698

1988 ........................................................ 485 319 431 521 702

1989 ........................................................ 486 321 422 526 704

19901 ...................................................... 487 317 415 521 706

1991 ........................................................ 493 318 418 520 716

1992 ........................................................ 496 317 418 505 737

1993 ........................................................ 502 318 419 510 738

19941 ...................................................... 499 304 416 500 750

1995 ........................................................ 494 302 411 493 744

1996 ........................................................ 499 301 410 496 738

19971 ...................................................... 508 302 416 505 740

19981 ...................................................... 526 306 429 517 767

19991 ...................................................... 528 308 430 519 786

20001 ...................................................... 529 311 433 518 781

2001 ........................................................ 542 314 441 525 784

See footnotes at end of table.

28
Table 15. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and over in constant (2001) dollars by sex

and educational attainment, 1979-2001 annual averages — Continued

Year and sex

Total,

25 years and

over

 Less than a

high school

diploma

 High school

graduates, no

college

 Some college or

associate degree

 College

graduates, total

MEN

1979 ........................................................ $714 $573 $701 $749 $900 

1980 ........................................................ 694 547 669 733 874

1981 ........................................................ 695 534 666 727 888

1982 ........................................................ 695 518 661 727 889

1983 ........................................................ 690 512 658 717 880

1984 ........................................................ 689 502 650 727 916

1985 ........................................................ 699 495 643 744 931

19861 ...................................................... 717 497 644 753 958

1987 ........................................................ 716 486 634 745 979

1988 ........................................................ 705 481 632 728 983

1989 ........................................................ 693 480 624 717 978

19901 ...................................................... 676 461 605 716 978

1991 ........................................................ 666 445 599 717 974

1992 ........................................................ 665 436 594 688 981

1993 ........................................................ 671 431 589 692 974

19941 ...................................................... 682 405 587 694 978

1995 ........................................................ 679 401 586 688 976

1996 ........................................................ 673 401 580 679 982

19971 ...................................................... 676 402 588 684 986

19981 ...................................................... 693 416 606 698 1,018

19991 ...................................................... 709 419 616 706 1,038

20001 ...................................................... 719 420 610 718 1,051

2001 ........................................................ 722 415 610 725 1,082

WOMEN’S

EARNINGS

AS PERCENT

OF MEN’S2

1979 ........................................................ 62.1 60.2 60.0 64.0 66.6 

1980 ........................................................ 62.7 61.3 61.3 64.5 67.8 

1981 ........................................................ 62.7 61.1 61.0 65.6 66.9 

1982 ........................................................ 64.7 62.8 63.1 66.7 68.9 

1983 ........................................................ 65.8 64.6 63.5 68.1 71.1 

1984 ........................................................ 67.0 64.8 64.9 68.4 69.5 

1985 ........................................................ 66.9 64.4 65.7 67.2 70.2 

19861 ...................................................... 66.7 64.7 66.6 67.9 70.6 

1987 ........................................................ 67.3 66.1 68.0 69.9 71.3 

1988 ........................................................ 68.7 66.4 68.3 71.5 71.4 

1989 ........................................................ 70.2 66.8 67.6 73.3 71.9 

19901 ...................................................... 72.1 68.8 68.6 72.8 72.2 

1991 ........................................................ 74.0 71.5 69.9 72.6 73.5 

1992 ........................................................ 74.6 72.8 70.3 73.4 75.0 

1993 ........................................................ 74.7 73.8 71.3 73.7 75.8 

19941 ...................................................... 73.1 74.9 70.8 72.0 76.7 

1995 ........................................................ 72.7 75.4 70.2 71.6 76.2 

1996 ........................................................ 74.1 75.2 70.7 73.1 75.2 

19971 ...................................................... 75.1 75.2 70.8 73.8 75.0 

19981 ...................................................... 75.9 73.7 70.9 74.0 75.3 

19991 ...................................................... 74.4 73.5 69.8 73.5 75.7 

20001 ...................................................... 73.6 74.1 70.9 72.2 74.4 

2001 ........................................................ 75.1 75.6 72.3 72.4 72.5 

1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been

affected at various times by methodological and conceptual

changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an

explanation, see the Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

section of Employment and Earnings, a monthly BLS periodical. 2 These figures are computed using unrounded medians and

may differ slightly from percents computed using the rounded

medians displayed in this table.

 NOTE: The Consumer Price Index research series using

current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to

constant dollars. See Technical Note.

29
Table 16. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in constant (2001) dollars by sex and age, 1979-2001 annual averages

Year and sex

Total, 16

years and

over

16 to 24 years 25 years and over

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and over

BOTH SEXES

1979 .............................. $10.11 $7.95 $7.08 $9.17 $11.64 $11.84 $12.06 $11.75 $11.31 $7.36

1980 .............................. 9.89 7.61 6.61 8.79 11.37 11.59 11.80 11.58 11.05 7.31

1981 .............................. 9.65 7.44 6.71 8.63 11.22 11.41 11.61 11.26 10.88 7.34

1982 .............................. 9.56 7.17 6.38 8.26 11.12 11.23 11.70 11.36 10.81 7.30

1983 .............................. 9.51 6.94 6.14 7.98 11.13 11.05 11.75 11.44 10.89 7.48

1984 .............................. 9.53 6.83 5.97 7.87 11.17 11.05 11.72 11.57 10.81 7.57

1985 .............................. 9.53 6.73 5.81 7.81 11.13 10.93 11.83 11.65 10.91 7.48

19861 ............................ 9.63 6.85 5.76 7.86 11.23 10.89 12.09 12.01 11.13 7.71

1987 .............................. 9.71 6.89 5.72 7.83 11.20 10.80 11.91 11.81 11.13 7.63

1988 .............................. 9.75 6.94 5.84 7.80 11.22 10.77 11.84 11.82 10.84 7.59

1989 .............................. 9.71 6.88 5.87 7.86 11.03 10.61 11.89 11.69 10.86 7.53

19901 ............................ 9.56 6.82 5.94 7.81 10.78 10.44 11.65 11.61 10.60 7.60

1991 .............................. 9.57 6.72 5.98 7.66 10.82 10.25 11.69 11.62 10.44 7.57

1992 .............................. 9.59 6.67 5.88 7.50 10.85 10.15 11.65 11.82 10.54 7.63

1993 .............................. 9.52 6.67 5.81 7.45 10.83 10.01 11.63 11.94 10.77 7.74

19941 ............................ 9.49 6.66 5.82 7.38 10.81 9.93 11.75 11.87 10.69 7.57

1995 .............................. 9.45 6.71 5.83 7.43 10.82 10.07 11.59 11.71 10.63 7.69

1996 .............................. 9.45 6.68 5.82 7.53 10.82 9.92 11.41 11.51 10.56 7.61

19971 ............................ 9.64 6.77 6.07 7.61 10.87 9.96 11.41 11.67 10.72 7.59

19981 ............................ 9.88 7.15 6.38 7.86 11.00 10.48 11.79 11.90 10.94 8.04

19991 ............................ 10.14 7.32 6.47 8.24 11.14 10.61 11.72 12.05 11.04 8.19

20001 ............................ 10.19 7.42 6.55 8.30 11.25 10.47 11.89 12.19 11.12 8.23

2001 .............................. 10.17 7.65 6.75 8.32 11.47 10.82 11.98 12.18 11.21 8.37

WOMEN

1979 .............................. 8.24 7.26 6.90 8.01 8.88 9.20 9.04 8.75 8.55 7.12

1980 .............................. 8.11 7.07 6.44 7.78 8.69 9.11 8.78 8.67 8.36 6.94

1981 .............................. 8.01 6.95 6.60 7.67 8.79 9.16 8.94 8.60 8.29 6.96

1982 .............................. 8.15 6.70 6.29 7.42 8.89 9.19 8.99 8.77 8.50 6.96

1983 .............................. 8.17 6.50 6.05 7.24 8.90 9.25 9.03 8.83 8.62 7.08

1984 .............................. 8.12 6.42 5.87 7.13 8.96 9.16 9.16 9.01 8.62 7.15

1985 .............................. 8.11 6.34 5.71 7.21 9.06 9.14 9.33 9.09 8.62 7.01

19861 ............................ 8.28 6.38 5.67 7.32 9.23 9.24 9.52 9.30 8.93 7.36

1987 .............................. 8.41 6.34 5.57 7.35 9.25 9.22 9.54 9.42 9.05 7.29

1988 .............................. 8.47 6.50 5.67 7.33 9.33 9.22 9.80 9.54 8.82 7.42

1989 .............................. 8.49 6.52 5.70 7.27 9.42 9.28 9.86 9.59 8.86 7.14

19901 ............................ 8.51 6.54 5.76 7.36 9.34 9.26 9.73 9.45 8.89 7.20

1991 .............................. 8.61 6.49 5.92 7.28 9.37 9.17 9.87 9.70 8.87 7.35

1992 .............................. 8.64 6.42 5.83 7.17 9.51 9.25 9.93 9.86 8.95 7.42

1993 .............................. 8.62 6.38 5.73 7.22 9.53 9.22 9.87 9.90 9.15 7.49

19941 ............................ 8.59 6.31 5.73 7.09 9.53 9.22 10.00 10.02 9.26 7.39

1995 .............................. 8.62 6.35 5.71 7.05 9.45 9.16 9.97 10.09 9.17 7.46

1996 .............................. 8.70 6.39 5.73 7.04 9.49 9.07 10.00 10.05 9.08 7.26

19971 ............................ 8.74 6.56 5.97 7.22 9.64 9.03 10.07 10.20 9.15 7.52

19981 ............................ 8.94 6.77 6.28 7.53 9.92 9.55 10.49 10.61 9.60 7.83

19991 ............................ 9.19 7.03 6.36 7.68 10.14 9.68 10.46 10.59 9.93 7.98

20001 ............................ 9.29 7.17 6.40 8.01 10.18 9.97 10.34 10.48 10.04 7.99

2001 .............................. 9.57 7.21 6.62 7.99 10.19 9.98 10.38 10.81 10.20 8.07

See footnotes at end of table.

30
Table 16. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in constant (2001) dollars by sex and age, 1979-2001 annual averages —

Continued

Year and sex

Total, 16

years and

over

16 to 24 years 25 years and over

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and over

MEN

1979 .............................. $12.87 $8.89 $7.27 $10.57 $15.23 $14.51 $16.21 $16.16 $14.99 $8.12

1980 .............................. 12.49 8.41 6.92 10.08 14.78 14.18 15.99 15.94 14.82 7.77

1981 .............................. 12.29 8.08 6.83 9.57 14.56 13.73 15.52 15.90 14.75 7.90

1982 .............................. 12.12 7.75 6.48 9.07 14.30 13.56 15.72 15.71 14.40 7.90

1983 .............................. 11.77 7.46 6.24 8.58 14.13 13.16 15.66 15.57 14.86 8.08

1984 .............................. 11.64 7.47 6.08 8.44 14.05 12.88 15.53 15.83 14.48 8.02

1985 .............................. 11.58 7.40 5.94 8.27 13.97 12.63 15.48 15.75 14.28 7.88

19861 ............................ 11.78 7.44 5.94 8.43 13.99 12.47 15.51 15.75 14.80 8.05

1987 .............................. 11.67 7.37 5.94 8.53 13.76 12.40 15.15 15.36 14.58 7.99

1988 .............................. 11.47 7.29 6.01 8.40 13.58 12.18 14.81 15.49 14.11 8.01

1989 .............................. 11.25 7.18 6.10 8.36 13.48 11.89 14.71 15.11 13.88 8.19

19901 ............................ 10.92 7.19 6.13 8.16 13.00 11.67 14.17 14.70 13.43 8.04

1991 .............................. 10.96 7.12 6.05 7.95 12.72 11.41 14.01 14.93 12.85 7.93

1992 .............................. 10.77 7.02 5.96 7.76 12.49 11.20 13.58 14.93 12.90 8.02

1993 .............................. 10.73 6.96 5.90 7.67 12.32 11.01 13.51 14.71 13.27 8.12

19941 ............................ 10.66 6.96 5.91 7.78 12.19 10.79 13.62 14.33 13.10 7.87

1995 .............................. 10.67 6.99 5.95 7.89 12.40 10.94 13.74 14.23 12.84 7.92

1996 .............................. 10.71 6.95 5.91 7.87 12.12 10.91 13.39 13.94 12.54 7.92

19971 ............................ 10.83 7.10 6.19 7.91 12.23 10.93 13.29 14.09 12.99 7.67

19981 ............................ 10.92 7.50 6.49 8.45 12.72 11.10 13.55 14.15 13.27 8.41

19991 ............................ 10.97 7.58 6.58 8.55 12.77 11.53 13.59 14.55 12.99 8.37

20001 ............................ 11.16 7.81 6.76 8.65 12.76 11.30 13.61 14.33 13.19 8.53

2001 .............................. 11.36 7.97 6.90 8.85 13.00 11.82 13.98 14.46 12.98 8.97

WOMEN’S

EARNINGS

AS PERCENT

OF MEN’S2

1979 .............................. 64.0 81.7 94.9 75.8 58.3 63.4 55.8 54.1 57.0 87.7

1980 .............................. 64.9 84.1 93.1 77.2 58.8 64.2 54.9 54.4 56.4 89.3

1981 .............................. 65.2 86.0 96.6 80.2 60.3 66.7 57.6 54.1 56.2 88.1

1982 .............................. 67.3 86.5 97.1 81.8 62.2 67.8 57.2 55.8 59.0 88.1

1983 .............................. 69.5 87.1 96.9 84.4 63.0 70.3 57.6 56.7 58.0 87.6

1984 .............................. 69.8 86.0 96.6 84.5 63.8 71.1 59.0 56.9 59.5 89.1

1985 .............................. 70.1 85.7 96.1 87.2 64.8 72.4 60.3 57.8 60.4 88.9

19861 ............................ 70.3 85.8 95.5 86.9 66.0 74.1 61.4 59.1 60.3 91.3

1987 .............................. 72.0 86.0 93.7 86.2 67.3 74.4 62.9 61.4 62.1 91.2

1988 .............................. 73.9 89.1 94.4 87.3 68.7 75.7 66.2 61.6 62.5 92.6

1989 .............................. 75.5 90.8 93.4 86.9 69.9 78.1 67.0 63.5 63.8 87.2

19901 ............................ 77.9 91.0 93.8 90.2 71.9 79.4 68.7 64.3 66.2 89.6

1991 .............................. 78.6 91.2 97.8 91.6 73.6 80.4 70.4 65.0 69.0 92.6

1992 .............................. 80.2 91.4 97.7 92.5 76.1 82.6 73.1 66.0 69.4 92.5

1993 .............................. 80.4 91.6 97.2 94.1 77.3 83.7 73.1 67.3 69.0 92.2

19941 ............................ 80.6 90.6 97.0 91.1 78.2 85.5 73.4 69.9 70.7 94.0

1995 .............................. 80.8 90.9 96.0 89.4 76.2 83.7 72.6 70.9 71.4 94.1

1996 .............................. 81.2 92.0 96.9 89.5 78.3 83.1 74.7 72.1 72.4 91.7

19971 ............................ 80.8 92.3 96.6 91.3 78.9 82.7 75.8 72.4 70.5 98.1

19981 ............................ 81.8 90.3 96.7 89.1 77.9 86.1 77.4 75.0 72.4 93.1

19991 ............................ 83.8 92.7 96.7 89.8 79.4 84.0 76.9 72.8 76.4 95.4

20001 ............................ 83.2 91.8 94.7 92.6 79.7 88.2 76.0 73.1 76.1 93.7

2001 .............................. 84.3 90.5 96.0 90.3 78.4 84.4 74.2 74.7 78.6 90.0

1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at

various times by methodological and conceptual changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Explanatory Notes and

Estimates of Error section of Employment and Earnings, a monthly BLS

periodical. 2 These figures are computed using unrounded medians and may differ

slightly from percents computed using the rounded medians displayed in this

table.

 NOTE: The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods

(CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant dollars. See

Technical Note.

31
Table 17. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in constant (2001) dollars by sex,

race, and Hispanic origin, 1979-2001 annual averages

Year and sex Total, 16 years and

over White Black Hispanic origin

BOTH SEXES

1979 .............................. $10.11 $10.27 $9.36 $9.29

1980 .............................. 9.89 9.99 9.11 9.10

1981 .............................. 9.65 9.71 9.19 9.01

1982 .............................. 9.56 9.68 8.96 8.87

1983 .............................. 9.51 9.63 8.75 8.66

1984 .............................. 9.53 9.64 8.77 8.62

1985 .............................. 9.53 9.64 8.69 8.64

19861 ............................ 9.63 9.75 9.01 8.78

1987 .............................. 9.71 9.85 8.99 8.74

1988 .............................. 9.75 9.87 8.92 8.63

1989 .............................. 9.71 9.84 8.93 8.44

19901 ............................ 9.56 9.69 9.00 8.30

1991 .............................. 9.57 9.71 8.93 8.24

1992 .............................. 9.59 9.71 8.77 8.26

1993 .............................. 9.52 9.65 8.69 8.27

19941 ............................ 9.49 9.61 8.64 8.21

1995 .............................. 9.45 9.61 8.86 8.10

1996 .............................. 9.45 9.64 8.73 8.07

19971 ............................ 9.64 9.78 8.82 8.14

19981 ............................ 9.88 10.01 9.11 8.60

19991 ............................ 10.14 10.36 9.41 8.59

20001 ............................ 10.19 10.26 9.53 8.74

2001 .............................. 10.17 10.25 9.66 8.98

WOMEN

1979 .............................. 8.24 8.25 8.08 7.83

1980 .............................. 8.11 8.12 7.96 7.75

1981 .............................. 8.01 8.03 7.85 7.68

1982 .............................. 8.15 8.17 7.96 7.68

1983 .............................. 8.17 8.18 8.03 7.52

1984 .............................. 8.12 8.13 7.97 7.61

1985 .............................. 8.11 8.12 7.97 7.62

19861 ............................ 8.28 8.31 8.03 7.77

1987 .............................. 8.41 8.43 8.12 7.67

1988 .............................. 8.47 8.50 8.14 7.66

1989 .............................. 8.49 8.52 8.17 7.69

19901 ............................ 8.51 8.54 8.23 7.67

1991 .............................. 8.61 8.63 8.36 7.63

1992 .............................. 8.64 8.69 8.25 7.67

1993 .............................. 8.62 8.67 8.32 7.65

19941 ............................ 8.59 8.70 8.21 7.59

1995 .............................. 8.62 8.72 8.23 7.63

1996 .............................. 8.70 8.77 8.10 7.61

19971 ............................ 8.74 8.81 8.36 7.51

19981 ............................ 8.94 9.05 8.58 7.84

19991 ............................ 9.19 9.29 8.66 7.94

20001 ............................ 9.29 9.32 9.08 8.11

2001 .............................. 9.57 9.70 9.06 8.21

See footnotes at end of table.

32
Table 17. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in constant (2001) dollars by sex,

race, and Hispanic origin, 1979-2001 annual averages — Continued

Year and sex Total, 16 years and

over White Black Hispanic origin

MEN

1979 .............................. $12.87 $13.19 $11.13 $10.91 

1980 .............................. 12.49 12.75 10.61 10.30

1981 .............................. 12.29 12.56 10.87 10.05

1982 .............................. 12.12 12.35 10.57 10.14

1983 .............................. 11.77 12.02 10.13 9.88

1984 .............................. 11.64 11.86 10.06 9.86

1985 .............................. 11.58 11.98 9.71 9.59

19861 ............................ 11.78 12.08 10.20 9.61

1987 .............................. 11.67 11.91 10.12 9.56

1988 .............................. 11.47 11.68 10.05 9.43

1989 .............................. 11.25 11.50 9.83 9.25

19901 ............................ 10.92 11.29 9.74 8.91

1991 .............................. 10.96 11.25 9.65 8.78

1992 .............................. 10.77 11.04 9.47 8.68

1993 .............................. 10.73 10.98 9.29 8.62

19941 ............................ 10.66 10.91 9.38 8.50

1995 .............................. 10.67 11.12 9.43 8.40

1996 .............................. 10.71 11.01 9.20 8.57

19971 ............................ 10.83 10.97 9.55 8.70

19981 ............................ 10.92 11.05 9.87 8.95

19991 ............................ 10.97 11.29 10.40 9.16

20001 ............................ 11.16 11.35 10.20 9.27

2001 .............................. 11.36 11.76 10.10 9.65

WOMEN’S

EARNINGS

AS PERCENT

OF MEN’S2

1979 .............................. 64.0 62.6 72.6 71.8

1980 .............................. 64.9 63.6 75.0 75.2

1981 .............................. 65.2 63.9 72.2 76.4

1982 .............................. 67.3 66.1 75.3 75.7

1983 .............................. 69.5 68.1 79.3 76.1

1984 .............................. 69.8 68.6 79.2 77.1

1985 .............................. 70.1 67.8 82.0 79.5

19861 ............................ 70.3 68.8 78.8 80.8

1987 .............................. 72.0 70.8 80.2 80.3

1988 .............................. 73.9 72.8 80.9 81.2

1989 .............................. 75.5 74.1 83.2 83.1

19901 ............................ 77.9 75.6 84.5 86.1

1991 .............................. 78.6 76.7 86.6 86.9

1992 .............................. 80.2 78.7 87.2 88.4

1993 .............................. 80.4 78.9 89.6 88.7

19941 ............................ 80.6 79.7 87.5 89.3

1995 .............................. 80.8 78.4 87.3 90.9

1996 .............................. 81.2 79.6 88.0 88.9

19971 ............................ 80.8 80.3 87.5 86.3

19981 ............................ 81.8 81.9 86.9 87.5

19991 ............................ 83.8 82.3 83.2 86.7

20001 ............................ 83.2 82.1 89.0 87.5

2001 .............................. 84.3 82.5 89.7 85.1

1 The comparability of historical labor force data has

been affected at various times by methodological and

conceptual changes in the Current Population Survey

(CPS). For an explanation, see the Explanatory Notes and

Estimates of Error section of Employment and Earnings, a

monthly BLS periodical. 2 These figures are computed using unrounded medians

and may differ slightly from percents computed using the

rounded medians displayed in this table.

 NOTE: Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race;

thus they are included in both the white and black

population groups. The Consumer Price Index research

series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert

current dollars to constant dollars. See Technical Note.

33
Table 18. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage by sex, 1979-2001 annual

averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Year and sex

Total

wage and

salary

 workers

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Percent of

total wage

and salary

workers

Below

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

At

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

Total at or below

prevailing Federal

minimum wage

Number

Percent

of hourly

paid 

workers

BOTH SEXES

1979 .............................. 87,529 51,721 59.1 2,916 3,997 6,912 13.4 

1980 .............................. 87,644 51,335 58.6 3,087 4,686 7,773 15.1 

1981 .............................. 88,516 51,869 58.6 3,513 4,311 7,824 15.1 

1982 .............................. 87,368 50,846 58.2 2,348 4,148 6,496 12.8 

1983 .............................. 88,290 51,820 58.7 2,077 4,261 6,338 12.2 

1984 .............................. 92,194 54,143 58.7 1,838 4,125 5,963 11.0 

1985 .............................. 94,521 55,762 59.0 1,639 3,899 5,538 9.9 

19861 ............................ 96,903 57,529 59.4 1,599 3,461 5,060 8.8 

1987 .............................. 99,303 59,552 60.0 1,468 3,229 4,698 7.9 

1988 .............................. 101,407 60,878 60.0 1,319 2,608 3,927 6.5 

1989 .............................. 103,480 62,389 60.3 1,372 1,790 3,162 5.1 

19901 ............................ 104,876 63,172 60.2 22,132 21,096 23,228 25.1 

1991 .............................. 103,723 62,627 60.4 22,377 22,906 25,283 28.4 

1992 .............................. 104,668 63,610 60.8 1,939 2,982 4,921 7.7 

1993 .............................. 106,101 64,274 60.6 1,707 2,625 4,332 6.7 

19941 ............................ 107,989 66,549 61.6 1,995 2,132 4,128 6.2 

1995 .............................. 110,038 68,354 62.1 1,699 1,956 3,656 5.3 

1996 .............................. 111,960 69,255 61.9 21,863 21,861 23,724 25.4 

19971 ............................ 114,533 70,735 61.8 22,990 21,764 24,754 26.7 

19981 ............................ 116,730 71,440 61.2 2,834 1,593 4,427 6.2 

19991 ............................ 118,963 72,306 60.8 2,194 1,146 3,340 4.6 

20001 ............................ 120,786 72,744 60.2 1,844 866 2,710 3.7 

2001 .............................. 120,760 72,486 60.0 1,602 636 2,238 3.1 

WOMEN

1979 .............................. 38,129 23,329 61.2 2,070 2,644 4,714 20.2 

1980 .............................. 38,944 23,626 60.7 2,104 2,990 5,095 21.6 

1981 .............................. 39,672 24,294 61.2 2,394 2,778 5,172 21.3 

1982 .............................. 39,777 24,365 61.3 1,651 2,561 4,212 17.3 

1983 .............................. 40,433 24,989 61.8 1,492 2,603 4,095 16.4 

1984 .............................. 42,172 26,003 61.7 1,348 2,499 3,847 14.8 

1985 .............................. 43,506 26,869 61.8 1,198 2,356 3,554 13.2 

19861 ............................ 44,961 27,863 62.0 1,192 2,125 3,317 11.9 

1987 .............................. 46,365 29,078 62.7 1,105 1,946 3,051 10.5 

1988 .............................. 47,495 29,820 62.8 1,008 1,542 2,550 8.6 

1989 .............................. 48,691 30,702 63.1 994 1,056 2,050 6.7 

19901 ............................ 49,323 31,069 63.0 21,420 2711 22,131 26.9 

1991 .............................. 49,105 30,988 63.1 21,582 21,792 23,374 210.9 

1992 .............................. 49,842 31,454 63.1 1,286 1,751 3,036 9.7 

1993 .............................. 50,626 31,937 63.1 1,133 1,534 2,667 8.4 

19941 ............................ 51,419 33,021 64.2 1,322 1,241 2,563 7.8 

1995 .............................. 52,369 33,934 64.8 1,157 1,161 2,318 6.8 

1996 .............................. 53,488 34,418 64.3 21,244 21,106 22,350 26.8 

19971 ............................ 54,708 35,214 64.4 21,843 21,092 22,935 28.3 

19981 ............................ 55,757 35,680 64.0 1,794 965 2,760 7.7 

19991 ............................ 57,050 36,233 63.5 1,426 700 2,126 5.9 

20001 ............................ 57,933 36,516 63.0 1,212 544 1,757 4.8 

2001 .............................. 58,033 36,457 62.8 1,073 381 1,454 4.0 

See footnotes at end of table.

34
Table 18. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage by sex, 1979-2001 annual

averages — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Year and sex

Total

wage and

salary

 workers

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Percent of

total wage

and salary

workers

Below

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

At

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

Total at or below

prevailing Federal

minimum wage

Number

Percent

of hourly

paid 

workers

MEN

1979 .............................. 49,400 28,392 57.5 846 1,353 2,199 7.7 

1980 .............................. 48,700 27,709 56.9 983 1,696 2,678 9.7 

1981 .............................. 48,844 27,576 56.5 1,119 1,533 2,652 9.6 

1982 .............................. 47,591 26,481 55.6 697 1,587 2,284 8.6 

1983 .............................. 47,856 26,831 56.1 585 1,658 2,243 8.4 

1984 .............................. 50,022 28,140 56.3 490 1,626 2,116 7.5 

1985 .............................. 51,015 28,893 56.6 440 1,544 1,984 6.9 

19861 ............................ 51,942 29,666 57.1 408 1,336 1,743 5.9 

1987 .............................. 52,938 30,474 57.6 364 1,283 1,647 5.4 

1988 .............................. 53,912 31,058 57.6 311 1,066 1,377 4.4 

1989 .............................. 54,789 31,687 57.8 379 733 1,112 3.5 

19901 ............................ 55,553 32,104 57.8 2712 2385 21,097 23.4 

1991 .............................. 54,618 31,639 57.9 2795 21,114 21,909 26.0 

1992 .............................. 54,826 32,155 58.6 653 1,231 1,885 5.9 

1993 .............................. 55,475 32,337 58.3 573 1,091 1,664 5.1 

19941 ............................ 56,570 33,528 59.3 674 891 1,565 4.7 

1995 .............................. 57,669 34,420 59.7 542 796 1,338 3.9 

1996 .............................. 58,473 34,838 59.6 2619 2755 21,374 23.9 

19971 ............................ 59,825 35,521 59.4 21,147 2673 21,820 25.1 

19981 ............................ 60,973 35,761 58.7 1,039 628 1,667 4.7 

19991 ............................ 61,914 36,073 58.3 768 446 1,214 3.4 

20001 ............................ 62,853 36,228 57.6 632 322 954 2.6 

2001 .............................. 62,727 36,029 57.4 529 255 784 2.2 

1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at

various times by methodological and conceptual changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Explanatory Notes

and Estimates of Error section of Employment and Earnings, a monthly

BLS periodical. 2 Data for 1990-91 and 1996-97 reflect changes in the minimum wage

that took place in those years.

 NOTE: The prevailing Federal minimum wage was $2.90 in 1979, $3.10

in 1980, and $3.35 in 1981-89. The minimum wage rose to $3.80 in April

1990, to $4.25 in April 1991, to $4.75 in October 1996, and to $5.15 in

September 1997. See Technical Note for more information about minimum

wage workers.

35
[Page intentionally blank]

36
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"		%