### Bureau of Labor Statistics U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Optometrists Summary
                        
            
                                                        
                                                                
                        
            
            
            
                            
                                                
                                                
                                                
                                                
            						
							
				                                                
                                            




            			optometrists imageOptometrists diagnose and treat eye problems in children and adults.							
						Quick Facts:     Optometrists2023     Median Pay
            						$131,860     per year
										$63.39     per hourTypical Entry-Level Education
                                    Doctoral or professional degreeWork Experience in a Related Occupation
                                    NoneOn-the-job Training
                                    NoneNumber of Jobs, 2022
                                    43,400Job Outlook, 2022-32
                                    9% (Much faster than average)Employment Change, 2022-32
                                    3,800What Optometrists Do
                                                
                        
                        
Optometrists diagnose, manage, and treat conditions and diseases of the human eye and visual system, including examining eyes and prescribing corrective lenses.
            
                        Work Environment
                        
Most optometrists work in offices or in optical goods stores. Optometrists usually work full time, but part-time work is common. Schedules may vary to include evenings and weekends.
            
                                                How to Become an Optometrist
                                                
                        
Optometrists typically need a Doctor of Optometry (O.D.) degree, which take 4 years of graduate-level study to complete. Every state requires optometrists to be licensed.
            
                        Pay
                        												                            																				    														The median annual wage for optometrists was $131,860 in May 2023.									                                					
						
            
                        Job Outlook
                        						
												Employment							of optometrists is projected to grow							 9 percent from 2022 to 2032, much faster than the average for all occupations.
						About 1,700 openings for optometrists are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
            			
            			 Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.
						State & Area Data
                       Explore resources for employment and wages by state and area for optometrists.
            
            
						
                        Similar Occupations
                        
                                                    Compare the job duties, education, job growth, and pay of optometrists with similar occupations.
            
            
                        More Information, Including Links to O*NET
                        
                                               
                        Learn more about optometrists by visiting additional resources, including O*NET, a source on key characteristics of workers and occupations.
 What Optometrists Do 
            

			OptometristsOptometrists check patients for common vision problems, like astigmatism.			
Optometrists diagnose, manage, and treat conditions and diseases of the human eye and visual system, including examining eyes and prescribing corrective lenses.
Duties
Optometrists typically do the following:
Perform vision tests and analyze results
Diagnose vision problems, such as nearsightedness or farsightedness, and eye diseases, such as glaucoma
Prescribe eyeglasses, contact lenses, and other visual aids
As permitted by state law, perform minor surgical procedures and prescribe medications to correct or treat visual or eye issues
Provide treatments such as vision therapy or low-vision rehabilitation
Provide pre- and postoperative care to patients undergoing eye surgery
Evaluate patients for the presence of other diseases and conditions, such as diabetes or high blood pressure, and refer patients to other healthcare providers as needed
Promote eye and general health by counseling patientsOptometrists are doctors who focus on eyes and vision. Their tasks range from offering preventive care through routine checkups to providing referrals to other specialists for treatment of health conditions, such as autoimmune diseases, that may lead to serious eye problems.
Some optometrists provide specialized care in addition to general eye care. For example, some optometrists focus on treating patients who have partial sight, a condition known as low vision. Others may specialize in treating a certain population, such as infants and children.
Optometrists promote eye health by counseling patients on how general health can affect eyesight. For example, they may counsel patients on how quitting smoking lowers the risk of developing cataracts.
All states allow optometrists to prescribe medication, but states vary in the type of medication they allow optometrists to prescribe. States also vary in whether optometrists may perform surgery or other procedures, such as providing vaccinations.
Optometrists should not be confused with ophthalmologists or opticians. Ophthalmologists are physicians who, like optometrists, treat eye diseases, perform eye exams, and prescribe eyeglasses and contact lenses. However, ophthalmologists perform a wider range of surgeries than optometrists do. For more information about ophthalmologists, see the physicians and surgeons profile. Opticians fit and adjust eyeglasses and, in some states, fill contact lens prescriptions that an optometrist or ophthalmologist has written. For more information, see the opticians profile.
 Work Environment
			OptometristsOptometrists work in exam rooms where they use tools to determine patients' prescriptions.			

	    
				
	
	
	
	
	
	
	    					 Optometrists held about 43,400 jobs in 2022. The largest employers of optometrists were as follows:
        Offices of optometrists
                56%Offices of physicians
                17Self-employed workers
                7Outpatient care centers
                4Optometrists typically work in office settings. This includes offices of optometry and offices of physicians. They also may work in retail settings, such as stores that sell eyeglasses.
Work Schedules
Most optometrists work full time, but part-time work is common. Schedules may vary to include evenings and weekends.
 How to Become an Optometrist

			optometrists imageDoctor of Optometry programs combine classroom learning and clinical experience.			
Optometrists typically need a Doctor of Optometry (O.D.) degree. O.D. programs take 4 years to complete, and applicants typically have bachelor’s degree before entering a program. Every state requires optometrist to be licensed.
Education
Optometrists typically need a Doctor of Optometry (O.D.) degree from a program accredited by the Accreditation Council on Optometric Education. Applicants to these graduate programs must have completed at least 3 years of undergraduate education. However, applicants to O.D. programs typically have a bachelor’s degree in a field such as biology or physical science. Programs that do not require a specific field of degree for admissions might require that applicants have completed courses in subjects such as chemistry, physics, and calculus.
Applicants to O.D. programs also must take the Optometry Admission Test (OAT), which covers four subject areas: natural sciences, reading comprehension, physics, and quantitative reasoning.
O.D. programs take 4 years to complete. They include both academic coursework and supervised clinical experience. Coursework includes anatomy, visual science, and the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the visual system. During clinical training, students gain experience treating patients in a variety of settings, such as hospitals and private practice.
After finishing an O.D. degree, optometrists may choose to get 1 year of advanced clinical training in the area in which they wish to specialize. Areas of specialization include primary care, cornea and contact lenses, and ocular disease.
Licenses, Certifications, and Registrations
All states require optometrists to be licensed. Prospective optometrist must have an O.D. degree from an accredited optometry school and must complete all sections of the National Board of Examiners in Optometry exam. Some states require candidates to pass an additional exam, such as on clinical skills or on laws relating to optometry.
All states require optometrists to take continuing education classes and to renew their license periodically. For more information, contact the licensing board for the state in which you plan to practice.
Optometrists may obtain an optional credential to become board certified by the American Board of Optometry. This certification requires passing an examination.
Important Qualities
***Decision-making skills.*** Optometrists must evaluate the results of diagnostic tests and decide on the best course of treatment for a patient.
***Communication skills.*** Optometrists must explain diagnosis, treatment, and eye care in a way that patients can understand.
***Compassion***. Optometrists treat a variety of patients, including those who are frustrated by visual problems. They must be understanding of and sympathetic to their patients’ concerns.
***Detail oriented.***Optometrists must take care to provide appropriate treatment, including accurate prescriptions. They also must monitor and record specific information related to patient care.
 Pay

			



	
 
                                                     
            
    
                OptometristsMedian annual wages, May 2023Optometrists$131,860  Healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners$98,760  Total, all occupations$48,060Note: All Occupations includes all occupations in the U.S. Economy.Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
 

	
	



		
	
	
	
The median annual wage for optometrists was $131,860 in May 2023. 


The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $64,980, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $204,100.





		
	    					 In May 2023, the median annual wages for optometrists in the top industries in which they worked were as follows:	
        Outpatient care centers
                $182,200Offices of physicians
                143,440Offices of optometrists
                125,140Most optometrists work full time, but part-time work is common. Schedules may vary to include evenings and weekends.
 Job Outlook

   
        
    
          
        
    
               OptometristsPercent change in employment, projected 2022-32Healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners9%  Optometrists9%  Total, all occupations3%Note: All Occupations includes all occupations in the U.S. Economy.Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections program
            
            
			 
	
	
	

			Employment				of optometrists is projected to grow				 9 percent from 2022 to 2032, much faster than the average for all occupations.
			
			About 1,700 openings for optometrists are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
			
			 Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.
			Employment
	
			
Because vision problems tend to occur more frequently later in life, an aging population will lead to demand for optometrists. As people age, they become more susceptible to developing diseases that impair vision, such as cataracts and macular degeneration, and will need vision care.
The increasing prevalence of refractive errors, particularly myopia, among the general population is another key source of demand for optometrists as they will be needed to diagnose and treat these common eye problems. Moreover, the growing use of electronic devices has translated into an increasing number of individuals experiencing digital eye strain, which may lead to more demand for eye care services. Meanwhile, diabetes has been linked to increased rates of diabetic retinopathy, a condition that affects the blood vessels in the eye and may lead to loss of vision. With diabetes on the rise, optometrists will be needed to monitor, treat, and refer these patients.
			

                        Employment projections data for     optometrists, 2022-32
                Occupational Title
                        SOC Code
                        Employment, 2022
                        Projected Employment, 2032
                        Change, 2022-32
                        Employment by IndustryPercent
                        NumericSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections program**Optometrists**
			29-1041
			43,400
			47,300
			9
			3,800
			Get data
 State & Area Data **Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS)** The Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) program produces employment and wage estimates annually for over 800 occupations. These estimates are available for the nation as a whole, for individual states, and for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. The link(s) below go to OES data maps for employment and wages by state and area. Optometrists **Projections Central** Occupational employment projections are developed for all states by Labor Market Information (LMI) or individual state Employment Projections offices. All state projections data are available at www.projectionscentral.com. Information on this site allows projected employment growth for an occupation to be compared among states or to be compared within one state. In addition, states may produce projections for areas; there are links to each state’s websites where these data may be retrieved. **CareerOneStop** CareerOneStop includes hundreds of occupational profiles with data available by state and metro area. There are links in the left-hand side menu to compare occupational employment by state and occupational wages by local area or metro area. There is also a salary info tool to search for wages by zip code.
 Similar Occupations This table shows a list of occupations with job duties that are similar to those of optometrists. Occupation
                Job Duties
                ENTRY-LEVEL EDUCATION
                2023     MEDIAN PAY**Chiropractors**
            Chiropractors evaluate and treat patients' neuromusculoskeletal system, which includes nerves, bones, muscles, ligaments, and tendons.
            Doctoral or professional degree
            $76,530**Dentists**
            Dentists diagnose and treat problems with patients’ teeth, gums, and related parts of the mouth.
            Doctoral or professional degree
            $170,910**Opticians**
            Opticians fit customers for eyeglasses and contact lenses and help them select which frames and lenses to buy.
            High school diploma or equivalent
            $44,170**Physicians and Surgeons**
            Physicians and surgeons diagnose and treat injuries or illnesses and address health maintenance.
            Doctoral or professional degree
            This wage is equal to or greater than $239,200 per year.**Podiatrists**
            Podiatrists provide medical and surgical care for people with foot, ankle, and lower leg problems.
            Doctoral or professional degree
            $141,650**Veterinarians**
            Veterinarians care for the health of animals and work to protect public health.
            Doctoral or professional degree
            $119,100**Audiologists**
            Audiologists diagnose, manage, and treat patients who have hearing, balance, or related problems.
            Doctoral or professional degree
            $87,740**Dental and Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians and Medical Appliance Technicians**
            Dental and ophthalmic laboratory technicians and medical appliance technicians make or repair dentures, eyeglasses, prosthetics, and related products.
            High school diploma or equivalent
            $44,640
 Contacts for More Information
								
For more information about optometry, visit
American Optometric Association
For more information about optometrists, including a list of accredited optometric programs, visit
Association of Schools and Colleges of Optometry
For information on specific admission requirements and sources of financial aid, contact the admissions officers of individual optometry schools.
For more information about the national board exam, visit
National Boards of Examiners in Optometry
For more information about board certification, visit
American Board of Optometry

                                                
                                                        
                                                                                                    O*NET
                                        Optometrists
 Suggested citation: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S.  Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, Optometrists, 
        	 at https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/optometrists.htm (visited *May 21, 2024*).
 **Last Modified Date:**
                        Wednesday, April 17, 2024


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