School psychologists

Diagnose and implement individual or schoolwide interventions or strategies to 

address educational, behavioral, or developmental issues that adversely impact 

educational functioning in a school. May address student learning and behavioral 

problems and counsel students or families. May design and implement performance 

plans, and evaluate performance. May consult with other school-based personnel.

Cognitive and mental requirements

The qualifications that workers need to use judgment, make decisions, interact with others, and adapt to changes in 

jobs.

In 2023, verbal interactions were required constantly (every few minutes) for 16.9 percent of school psychologists, and 

were required not constantly, but more than once per hour for 79.1 percent.

Table 1. Percentage of school psychologists with cognitive and mental requirements, 

2023

Requirement Yes No

Pace: Pause control 69.1 30.9

Interaction with general public >99.5 <0.5

Working around crowds 2.7 97.3

Telework <5 >95

Work review: Supervising others 6.4 93.6

Work review: Presence of supervisor 29.6 70.4

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Requirements Survey

Education, training, and experience requirements

The minimum level of formal 

education required, 

credentials necessary, on-thejob training, and prior work 

experience necessary for 

average performance in jobs.

In 2023, credentials were 

required for greater than 85 

percent of school 

psychologists. Prior work 

experience was required for 

53.2 percent and on-the-job 

training was required for 36.3 

percent.

A master's degree was 

required for 70.7 percent of 

school psychologists.
Occupational Requirements Survey ●www.bls.gov/ors ●orsinfo@bls.gov ●202.691.6199

Environmental conditions

The various tangible or concrete hazards or 

difficulties that are in the vicinity of where jobs’ 

critical tasks are performed.

In 2023, greater than 99.5 percent of school 

psychologists were not exposed to extreme cold, 

and greater than 99.5 percent were not exposed to 

extreme heat. Wetness was not present for greater 

than 85 percent, greater than 99.5 percent were not 

exposed to heavy vibrations, and 81.6 percent were 

not exposed to the outdoors.

Physical demands

Refer to the physical activities required to 

perform tasks in jobs. The presence and, 

in some cases, duration of these activities 

are published.

In 2023, keyboarding was required for 

greater than 99.5 percent of school 

psychologists and was not required for 

less than 0.5 percent. For less than 0.5 

percent of workers, keyboarding was 

seldom performed, for 59.4 percent 

keyboarding occurred occasionally, 40.6 

percent frequently, and for less than 0.5 

percent keyboarding occurred constantly.

Performing work in low postures was 

required for 27.5 percent of school 

psychologists and was not required for 

72.5 percent.

The choice to sit or stand when performing critical tasks was available to 85.7 percent of school psychologists. On 

average, workers spent 73.1 percent of the workday sitting and 26.9 percent of the workday standing.

Table 2. Percentage of school psychologists with physical demands, 2023

Requirement Yes No

Choice of sitting or standing 85.7 14.3

Driving 29.2 70.8

Climbing structure-related ramps or stairs 38.9 61.1

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Requirements Survey