Pursuant to 5 T H C IR . R. 47.5, the court has determin ed that thi s opinio n should not * be publishe d an d is not precede nt except under the limit ed circu mstance s set forth in 5 T H C IR . R. 47.5 .4. 

### INTHE UNI TED S TATESCOU RT OFAPPEALS

FORTHE FIFTH CIRCU IT

N o. 08- 40319

UN I TE D S TA TE S OF AM ERI CA P l ai n t i f f

- A pp el l ee v. BI LL Y M ACKEY D efen d a n t- A p p ell a n t

A pp ealf

rom t h e U n i t ed S t ates D i st ri ctC ou rt f or t h e Sou t h ern D i st ri ctof T exas U SDC N o . 2 : 0 7

- CR- 5 1 7

- ALL

B ef ore JO N E S , C h i ef

Ju dg e, an d W IE N E R an d B E N AV ID E S , C i rcui tJu dg es . P E R C U R I A M: * D efen da n t
- A pp el l an tB i l l y M ackey pl ead ed gu i l t y t o one coun tof po s s e s s i o n o f

a f i r e ar m b y a fe l o n i n vi o l at i o n o f 1 8 U
. S. C. § 9 22 ( g) ( 1) a nd § 924 ( a) ( 2)

. H e now app eal s h i s sen t en ce, cl ai m i n g t h at t h e di st ri ctcourterr ed i n c l as sif

yi ng hi s pr i orT exas st at e co nvi c t i on f oras sa ul ton a publ i c s er vantas a cri m e of

vi ol en ce. Finding n o revers ibl e err or, w e af f i rm M ackey ’ s s en t en ce.

United States Court of App eals

Fifth Circuit 

### F I L E D Ma rc h 5, 2009 Cha rl es R. F ulb ru g e II I ClerkN o. 08- 40319

SeeU.S. S E NT E NC I NG G UI DELI NES MANU AL § 2 K2.1 c mt. n
. 1 (2 008) (referencing 1 se ctio n4 B 1 .2 (a) for th e relev ant definitio nof “cri meof viole nce”)

.

United States v. Herrera-Mon tes , 4 9 0F .3 d 3 9 0 , 3 9 1 ( 5 thC ir
. 2 0 0 7). 2 2

I . F A CT S A ND P ROC E E DI NGS Ag ra n d j u ry in d icte d M a ck e yfor a so le co u n t of fe lon in p o ss e ss ion of a fi rea rm i n viol a ti on of 1 8 U
. S

. C

. § 9 2 2 (g)( 1 ) a n d § 92 4 (a)( 2 ). H e p l ea d ed gu i l ty to the offe n s e . M a ck ey ’ s p re-sen ten ce re p ort ca teg orized h i s p ri or T ex a s state convic t i on f

or ass au l ton a pu bl i c servan tu n der T exas P en alC ode § 2 2. 01 as a

“ c r i m e o f vi o l e nc e ” pur s uant t o s e c t i o n 4B1. 2 o f t he U ni t e d Stat es Se nt e nc i ng G ui del i nes (t he “ G ui del i nes ” )

. M ac key r ec eived a bas e o f fens e l eve lof

24 pu rsuan tt o sect i on 2 K 2. 1( a) ( 2) of the G u i del i n es because h e possess ed a f i rearm af t er t w o or m ore f

el on y convic t i on s f

or ei t h er a control l ed s u bstance of fen se or a s e c t i o n 4 B1. 2( a) c r i m e o f v i o l e nc e . M ac ke y o bj e c t e d t o var i o us por t i o ns o f t he 1 p r e -s e n te n c e r e p o r t, in c lu d in g th e o n e o b je c tio n r e le v a n t t o th e in s ta n t a p p e a l, t hathi s pr i o rs t at e c o nvi c t i o n was no ta c r i m e o f v i o l e nc e . I n o ve r r ul i ng t he obj ect i on , t h e di st ri ctcourtdeter m i n ed that t h e T exas of fe n se w as a cr i m e of vi o l e nc e b e c aus e i ti nvo l ve d “ s e r i o us r i s k o f physi ca li nj ur y t o a no t he r . ” The court i m posed a G u i del i n es s en t en ce of 9 8 m on t h s i m pri sonm en tt o be f ol l ow ed byt hr e e y e ar s o f

s upe r vi s e d rel eas e . M ac ke y o bj e c t e d t o t hi s s e nt e nc e a nd tim e lyfile d a n o tic e o f a p p e a l. II. A N A L Y S IS A . St andard of

R evi ew W e r e v i e w d e novo a dis t ri ctcourt ’ s app l i cation o f the G u i del i n es, i n cl u di n g i t s det erm i n ati on t h at a pri or c on vi ct i on i s a c ri m e of vi ol en ce. 2 B . C l ai m ed Sent enci ng E r r or U nde rTe xa s Pe nalCod e § 22
. 01 , as s aul t has a t hr e e - pr o nge d d e f i ni t i o n: ( a) A pe r s o n c o m m i t s [ as s aul t ] i f t he pe r s o n:N o. 08- 40319

T EX . P ENAL C ODE § 2 2 .0 1 (a) (Vernon2 0 0 7). 3 I d

. § 2 2 .0 1 (b)( 1 ) (e mp h a si s a dd ed). 4 3 ( 1) i n t en t i on al l y, kn ow i n gly, o rr e c kl essl y cau ses bod i l y i nj u ry t o an ot h er, i n cl u di n g t h e person’ s s pou se; (2 ) i nt ent i onal l y o rknow i ngl y t hre at ens anot herw i th i m m i n en tbodil y i nj u ry, i n cl u di n g t h e person’ s s pou se; or (3) i n ten ti on a l l y o r k n ow i n gly ca u ses ph y s ic a lcon tact w i th anot herw hen t he per so n know s ors houl d r eas onabl y be l i eve t h at t h e ot h er w i l lregard t h e contactas of fen sive or provocative. 3 M a c k e yw a s n o t co n v ic te d o f s im p le a s s a u lt, h o w e v e r , b u t of a s s a u lt on a p u b lic
s e r v a n t p u r s u a n t t o T e x a s P e n a l C o d e § 2 2 .0 1 (b )(1 ), w h ic h s ta te s : (b) “ [A ssault] un der Su bs e c t i on ( a) (1)i s a Cl as s A m i s de m e ano r , e xc e pt t h at t h e off

en se i s a fel on y of

the t h i rd deg ree i f

the of fen se i s c om m i t t ed a ga i n st: (1 ) a p e r s o n t h e a c to rk n o w s is a p u b lic s e r v a n t w h ile th e p u b lic servan ti s l aw f

u l l y di schargi n g an off i ci ald u t y, or i n ret al i ati on or on a c c ountof

an ex er c i se of

of f i c i alpow erorper f

or m ance of

an o ffic ia l d u ty a s a p u b lic s e r v a n t; . .
. 4 A s th e it a lic iz e d la n g u a g e a b o v e in d ic a te s , o n lyo n e p r o n go f th e g e n e r a l a s s a u lt d e fin itio n a p p l i e s i n t h e co n te x t o f a s s a u lt o n a p u b lic s e r v a n t, vi z. , “in te n tio n a lly , k n o w in g ly , o r r e c k le s s ly c a u s [in g ] b o d ily inju r y ” a s d e s c r ib e d in
s ubs e c t i o n ( a) ( 1) o f

Te xa s Pe nalCod e § 2 2. 01
. Con s i s t e ntw i t h t hi s c o nc l us i o n, M ac key’ s Texas i ndi c t m ents t at es thathe w as c harge d w i t h “ i nt ent i onal l y, kn ow i n gl y, an d reckl essl y cau s[ i n g] b odi l y i nj u ry to E
. R eyes by h i t t i n g E
. R eyes, and t he s ai d E. Rey e s w as t he n and t he r e a pub l i c s e r va nt i n t h e l aw f ul di sc harge of

an of f i c i aldut y, and B i l l y M ac key knew and had bee n i nf or m ed t hat E
. R ey es w a s a p u b l i c serv a n t. ”N o. 08- 40319

See United States v. Ande reson , --- F .3d ---, 200 9 WL 330 263 , at *5 (5thC ir. Feb. 11, 5 200 9) (quoting U.S. S E NT E NC I NG G UI DELI NES MANU AL § 4 B 1 .2 (a) (2 0 0 8))

.

U.S. S E NT E NC I NG G UI DELI NES MANU AL § 4 B 1 .2 (a)(2 ). 6 4 O urr e c e nto pi ni o n i n Un i t ed S t ate s v. A n d ers on contr ol s t h e i n st an tcase. I n t hatc as e, w e s ai d t hat as sa ul t on a publ i c se r vant i n vi ol at i on o f Texas Penal C ode § 22. 01(b) ( 1) cer t ai n l y “ present[ s] m ore t h an a ‘ se riou s pot en t i alri sk of physi c ali nj ury t o a not her ’” ev en i f th e defendantonl y re ck les sly c o m m i t s t he offen se. Th i s i s al l t hat t he se c t i on 4B 1. 2( a) of t he G ui del i nes r equi r es t o

5 consti t u t e a cr i m e of vi ol en ce. 6 T h e T exas of

fen se of assaulton a p u bl i c servan tis a cri m e of vi ol en ce f

or t h e pu rposes of

sec t i on 4B 1. 2( a) of t h e G u i del i n es. T h e sentenci n g court di d n ot
err i n character i zi n g t h e off en se i n this m an n er, so w e af f i rm M ackey ’ s s en t en ce. AF F I RMED.