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April 2017 
                    Report 1065

				 
			


		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		


















































































																																								



				 
                
                BLS Reports Menu
                    CONTENTS
                        Selected demographic characteristics
Educational attainment
Occupation and industry
Earnings
Hours of work
Married-couple families
The working poor
Worker displacement
Employee tenure
School enrollment
Multiple jobholders and the self-employed
Foreign born
Union membership
Veterans
Women with disabilities
 
                          Statistical Tables 
						  Table 1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, by...Table 2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, 16...Table 3. Employment status, by race, age, gender, and Hispanic or Latino...Table 4. Employment status, by marital status and gender, 2015 annual...Table 5. Employment status, by gender, presence and age of children, race,...Table 6. Employment status of women, by presence and age of children,...Table 7. Employment status of women, by presence and age of children,...Table 8. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, 25...Table 9A. Percent distribution of the civilian labor force, 25 to 64 years...Table 9B. Percent distribution of the civilian labor force, 25 to 64 years...Table 10. Employed people, by occupation and gender, 2014 and 2015 annual...Table 11. Employed people, by detailed occupation, 2015 annual averages ...Table 12. Employed women, by occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino...Table 13. Employed people, by industry and gender, 2014 and 2015 annual...Table 14. Employed people, by detailed industry, 2015 annual averages ...Table 15. Employed women, by industry, race, and Hispanic or Latino...Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary...Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary...Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary...Table 19. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary...Table 20. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or...Table 21. Employed people, by full- and part-time status and gender, 1968...Table 22. Average weekly hours at work in all industries and in...Table 23. Work experience of the population, by gender and full- and...Table 24A. Married-couple families, by number and relationship of earners,...Table 24B. Married-couple families, by number and relationship of earners,...Table 25. Contribution of wives' earnings to family income, 1970–2014Table 26. Wives who earn more than their husbands, 1987–2014 (Numbers in...Table 27. Working poor: Poverty status of people in the labor force for 27...Table 28. Displaced workers,1 by age, gender, race, Hispanic or Latino...Table 29. Employed wage and salary workers, by age, gender, and median...Table 30. Labor force status of 2015 high school graduates and 2014–2015...Table 31. Labor force status of people 16 to 24 years old, by school...Table 32. Multiple jobholders and multiple jobholding rates, by gender,...Table 33. Unincorporated self-employed people in nonagricultural...Table 34. Employment status of the native-born and foreign-born civilian...Table 35. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers, by gender...Table 36. Employment status of people, 18 years and older, by veteran...Table 37. Employment and disability status of people, by gender and age,...
                          Technical Notes
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     Women in the labor force: a databook
Women in the labor force: a databook imageOver the past 70 years, women’s participation in labor force activities has greatly expanded. Immediately following World War II, less than one-third of women were in the labor force. However, women soon began to participate in greater numbers, and their labor force participation rose rapidly from the 1960s through the 1980s before slowing in the 1990s. Women reached the peak of their labor force participation in 1999, with a rate of 60.0 percent. Since then, labor force participation among women has declined, to 56.7 percent in 2015. In addition, a large share of women work full time and year-round. Over time, women have increasingly attained higher levels of education: among women ages 25 to 64 who are in the labor force, the proportion with a college degree more than tripled from 1970 to 2015, increasing from 11 percent to 41 percent. Women’s earnings as a proportion of men’s earnings also have grown over time. In 1979, women working full time earned 62 percent of what men earned; in 2015, women’s earnings were 81 percent of men’s. This report presents historical and recent labor force and earnings data for women and men from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a national monthly survey of approximately 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Unless otherwise noted, data are annual averages from the CPS. (For a detailed description of the source of the data and an explanation of concepts and definitions used, see the technical notes at the end of this report.)Selected demographic characteristicsWomen’s labor force participation was 56.7 percent in 2015, down from 57.0 percent in 2014. Men’s labor force participation, which always has been much higher than that for women, was little changed at 69.1 percent in 2015. (See table 2.)In 2015, the unemployment rate for women was 5.2 percent. The rate for men was 5.4 percent. Both figures were 0.9 percentage point lower than in 2014. Women’s jobless rates varied by race and ethnicity. Asian women had the lowest rate (3.7 percent), followed by White (4.5 percent), Hispanic (7.1 percent), and Black (8.9 percent) women. (See tables 2 and 3.)Labor force participation varies by marital status and differs between women and men. Divorced women had a higher labor force participation rate than married women, 62.7 percent versus 58.1 percent in 2015. By contrast, married men were more likely to participate in the labor force (73.4 percent) than divorced men (65.1 percent). (See table 4.)Among mothers, the labor force participation rate was higher for those with children 6 to 17 years old than for those with younger children. In March 2015, the rate for women with children 6 to 17 years old was 74.6 percent. The rate for those with children under 6 years old was 63.9 percent, and the rate for women with children under 3 years old was lower, at 61.4 percent. (See table 5; data were collected in the 2015 Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the CPS.)Unmarried mothers have higher labor force participation rates than married mothers. In March 2015, 75.1 percent of unmarried mothers with children under 18 years old were in the labor force, compared with 67.6 percent of married mothers with children in the same age range. (See table 6; data were collected in the 2015 Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the CPS.)The labor force participation rate of all women with children under 18 years of age was 69.9 percent in March 2015, down from 70.8 percent in 2014. (See table 7; data were collected in the Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the CPS.)Educational attainmentThe educational attainment of women ages 25 to 64 in the labor force has risen substantially over the past 45 years. In 2015, 41 percent of this group held a Bachelor’s degree and higher, compared with 11 percent in 1970. About 6 percent of women had less than a high school diploma (that is, did not graduate from high school) in 2015, down from 34 percent in 1970. (See table 9A and 9B.)Occupation and industryIn 2015, women accounted for 52 percent of all workers employed in management, professional, and related occupations, somewhat more than their share of total employment (47 percent). The share of women in specific occupations within this large category varied. For example, 18 percent of software developers, 28 percent of chief executives, and 35 percent of lawyers were women, whereas 89 percent of registered nurses, 81 percent of elementary and middle school teachers, and 60 percent of accountants and auditors were women. (See table 11.)Asian and White women were more likely to work in higher paying management, professional, and related occupations (50 percent and 44 percent, respectively) in 2015 than were Black (35 percent) and Hispanic (27 percent) women. Meanwhile, Hispanic (32 percent) and Black (28 percent) women were more likely than Asian and White women (20 percent each) to work in lower paying service occupations. (See table 12.)In 2015, women accounted for more than half of all workers within several industry sectors: financial activities (53 percent), education and health services (75 percent), leisure and hospitality (51 percent), and other services (52 percent). However, women were substantially underrepresented (relative to their share of total employment) in agriculture (25 percent), mining (13 percent), construction (9 percent), manufacturing (29 percent), and transportation and utilities (23 percent). (See table 14.)EarningsIn 2015, women who worked full time in wage and salary jobs had median usual weekly earnings of $726, which represented 81 percent of men’s median weekly earnings ($895). Among women, earnings were higher for Asians ($877) and Whites ($743) than for Blacks ($615) and Hispanics ($566). Women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios were higher for Blacks and Hispanics (90 percent each) than for Whites (81 percent) and Asians (78 percent). (See table 16; note that the comparisons of earnings in this report are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that may be important in explaining earnings differences.)In 2015, female full-time wage and salary workers ages 25 and older with only a high school diploma had median usual weekly earnings of $586, which represented 83 percent of the earnings of women with an associate’s degree ($703) and 55 percent of the earnings of women with a bachelor’s degree or higher ($1,064). (See table 17.)Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers were the highest in 2015 for female chief executives ($1,836), pharmacists ($1,811), and lawyers ($1,717). (See table 18.)In 2015, 4 percent of all women paid at an hourly rate had earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage ($7.25 per hour). Among women 25 years and older who were paid at an hourly rate, 3 percent had earnings at or below the minimum wage, compared with 10 percent of women ages 16 to 24. (See table 20.)Hours of workIn 2015, 25 percent of employed women usually worked part time—that is, less than 35 hours per week. The percentage of women working part time has not changed much over the past five decades. In comparison, 12 percent of employed men usually worked part time in 2015. This rate has gradually trended up over time, though it has leveled off in recent years. (See table 21.)Of all women who worked at some point during calendar year 2014, 61 percent worked full time and year round, compared with 41 percent in 1970. The proportion of men who worked full time and year round also rose over the period, from 66 percent in 1970 to 74 percent in 2014. (See table 23; data were collected in the 1971 and 2015 Annual Social and Economic Supplements to the CPS and reflect earnings and work experience in the previous calendar year.)Married-couple familiesAmong married-couple families, 53 percent had earnings from both the wife and the husband in 2014, compared with 44 percent in 1967. Couples in which only the husband worked represented 19 percent of married-couple families in 2014, versus 36 percent in 1967. (See table 24A and 24B; data were collected in the 1968 and 2015 Annual Social and Economic Supplements to the CPS and reflect earnings and work experience in the previous calendar year.)In 2014, working wives contributed 36 percent of their families’ incomes, up by 9 percentage points from 1970, when wives’ earnings accounted for 27 percent of their families’ total income. The proportion of wives earning more than their husbands also has grown: in 1987, 18 percent of working wives earned more than their working spouses; in 2014, the proportion was 28 percent. (See tables 25 and 26; data were collected in the 1971, 1988, and 2015 Annual Social and Economic Supplements to the CPS and reflect earnings and work experience in the previous calendar year.)The working poorAmong workers who were in the labor force for at least 27 weeks in 2014, more women (5.1 million) than men (4.4 million) lived below the official poverty level. The working-poor rate (the ratio of the working poor to all individuals who were in the labor force for at least 27 weeks) was 7.2 percent for women and 5.5 percent for men. Black and Hispanic women were considerably more likely than White or Asian women to be among the working poor. The working-poor rates for Black and Hispanic women were 14.6 percent and 12.6 percent, respectively, compared with 5.9 percent for White women and 4.6 percent for Asian women. (See table 27; data are from the 2015 Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the CPS and reflect earnings and work experience in the previous calendar year.)Worker displacementFrom January 2013 through December 2015, 3.2 million workers ages 20 and older were displaced from jobs they had held for at least 3 years; women accounted for 44 percent of those displaced. Women were about as likely as men to have found a new job in January 2016: the reemployment rate for women was 64 percent, compared with 67 percent for men. Among displaced workers, women and men were equally likely to be unemployed in January 2016, at 16 percent. About 20 percent of displaced women had left the labor force in January 2016, compared with 18 percent for men. (See table 28; data are from the January 2016 Displaced Worker Supplement to the CPS.)Employee tenureIn January 2016, median employee tenure (the point at which half of all workers had more tenure and half had less tenure) for women declined to 4.0 years from 4.5 years in January 2014. For men, median tenure also declined; it was 4.3 years in January 2016, compared with 4.7 years in January 2014. (See table 29; data are from the January 2016 Displaced Worker Supplement to the CPS.)School enrollmentOf the 3.0 million youth ages 16 to 24 who graduated from high school between January and October 2015, about 2.1 million (69 percent) were enrolled in college in October. For 2015 high school graduates, the college enrollment rate was 73 percent for young women and 66 percent for young men. (See table 30.)Female college students were more likely to be in the labor force (49.8 percent) than their male counterparts (45.4 percent). Labor force participation rates for female and male high school students were similar to one another (22.5 percent and 20.2 percent, respectively). (See table 31.)In October 2015, the unemployment rates for youth ages 16 to 24 not enrolled in school who did not have a high school diploma were 22.6 percent for young women and 27.0 percent for young men. In contrast, the jobless rates of young women and men with at least a bachelor's degree were 7.7 percent and 4.5 percent, respectively.Multiple jobholders and the self-employedIn 2015, 5.3 percent of employed women held more than one job. The rate for men was lower, at 4.5 percent. (See table 32.)In 2015, 4.9 percent of working women in nonagricultural industries were self-employed, compared with 6.7 percent of their male counterparts. In 2015, 39 percent of the self-employed were women, compared with 27 percent in 1976. (See table 33.)Foreign bornForeign-born women were somewhat less likely than native-born women to be in the labor force in 2015 (52.9 percent, compared with 57.4 percent). Foreign-born women had an unemployment rate of 5.6 percent, compared with 5.1 percent for native-born women. Foreign-born men were more likely to be in the labor force (78.2 percent) than native-born men (67.3 percent). (See table 34.)Union membershipIn 2015, 10.6 percent of female wage and salary workers were members of unions, compared with 11.5 percent for their male counterparts. For both men and women, the union membership rate in 2015 was lower than in 1983, but the rate has fallen much more for men over the 1983–2015 period. In 1983, union membership rates were 24.7 percent for men and 14.6 percent for women. (See table 35.)VeteransThere were 1.2 million female veterans in the labor force in 2015. This represents about 12 percent of the 10.8 million veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces. The unemployment rate for female veterans was 5.4 percent in 2015. (See table 36.)Women with disabilitiesOf the 16.0 million women with disabilities in 2015, 2.7 million, or 16.7 percent, were in the labor force. About half of women with disabilities were age 65 and older; labor force participation among this age group was 5.1 percent, compared with 28.1 percent for those ages 16 to 64. For women with a disability who were age 16 and older, the unemployment rate was 10.8 percent, twice that for women without a disability (5.0 percent). (See table 37.)		
	
	 
	 Statistical Tables
        
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        


Table 1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, by age and gender, 2015 annual averages (Number in thousands)

Age
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Not in labor forceTotal
Percentage of population
Employed
UnemployedTotal
Percentage of population
Total
Percentage of labor forceTotal16 years and older
250,801
157,130
62.7
148,834
59.3
8,296
5.3
93,67116 to 19 years
16,619
5,700
34.3
4,734
28.5
966
16.9
10,91916 to 17 years
8,852
1,987
22.5
1,624
18.3
363
18.3
6,86418 to 19 years
7,767
3,713
47.8
3,110
40.0
603
16.2
4,05520 to 24 years
21,971
15,523
70.7
14,022
63.8
1,501
9.7
6,44825 to 54 years
125,109
101,152
80.9
96,638
77.2
4,515
4.5
23,95725 to 34 years
42,771
34,647
81.0
32,742
76.6
1,905
5.5
8,12525 to 29 years
21,716
17,494
80.6
16,437
75.7
1,057
6.0
4,22330 to 34 years
21,055
17,153
81.5
16,305
77.4
848
4.9
3,90235 to 44 years
39,701
32,603
82.1
31,252
78.7
1,351
4.1
7,09835 to 39 years
19,885
16,267
81.8
15,559
78.2
708
4.4
3,61840 to 44 years
19,816
16,336
82.4
15,693
79.2
643
3.9
3,47945 to 54 years
42,637
33,902
79.5
32,643
76.6
1,259
3.7
8,73445 to 49 years
20,531
16,640
81.0
16,024
78.0
616
3.7
3,89150 to 54 years
22,106
17,262
78.1
16,619
75.2
643
3.7
4,84455 to 64 years
40,594
25,954
63.9
24,975
61.5
978
3.8
14,64055 to 59 years
21,524
15,395
71.5
14,818
68.8
576
3.7
6,12960 to 64 years
19,070
10,559
55.4
10,157
53.3
402
3.8
8,51165 years and older
46,509
8,801
18.9
8,465
18.2
337
3.8
37,70865 to 69 years
15,976
5,124
32.1
4,926
30.8
198
3.9
10,85270 to 74 years
11,329
2,104
18.6
2,021
17.8
83
3.9
9,22575 years and older
19,203
1,573
8.2
1,517
7.9
56
3.5
17,630Women16 years and older
129,700
73,510
56.7
69,703
53.7
3,807
5.2
56,19016 to 19 years
8,189
2,815
34.4
2,380
29.1
435
15.5
5,37416 to 17 years
4,342
991
22.8
825
19.0
166
16.7
3,35118 to 19 years
3,847
1,824
47.4
1,555
40.4
269
14.8
2,02320 to 24 years
10,959
7,485
68.3
6,849
62.5
636
8.5
3,47425 to 54 years
63,684
46,926
73.7
44,786
70.3
2,140
4.6
16,75825 to 34 years
21,629
15,871
73.4
14,996
69.3
874
5.5
5,75825 to 29 years
10,938
8,076
73.8
7,596
69.4
480
5.9
2,86230 to 34 years
10,691
7,795
72.9
7,400
69.2
394
5.1
2,89635 to 44 years
20,257
15,047
74.3
14,391
71.0
656
4.4
5,21035 to 39 years
10,129
7,454
73.6
7,115
70.2
339
4.5
2,67540 to 44 years
10,128
7,593
75.0
7,276
71.8
317
4.2
2,53645 to 54 years
21,798
16,009
73.4
15,399
70.6
610
3.8
5,78945 to 49 years
10,470
7,801
74.5
7,491
71.6
310
4.0
2,66950 to 54 years
11,328
8,208
72.5
7,907
69.8
300
3.7
3,12155 to 64 years
21,076
12,326
58.5
11,884
56.4
442
3.6
8,74955 to 59 years
11,103
7,362
66.3
7,105
64.0
257
3.5
3,74060 to 64 years
9,973
4,964
49.8
4,779
47.9
185
3.7
5,00965 years and older
25,792
3,957
15.3
3,804
14.7
153
3.9
21,83565 to 69 years
8,487
2,370
27.9
2,275
26.8
95
4.0
6,11770 to 74 years
6,106
913
14.9
880
14.4
33
3.6
5,19475 years and older
11,199
674
6.0
649
5.8
25
3.7
10,525Men16 years and older
121,101
83,620
69.1
79,131
65.3
4,490
5.4
37,48116 to 19 years
8,430
2,885
34.2
2,354
27.9
531
18.4
5,54516 to 17 years
4,509
997
22.1
799
17.7
197
19.8
3,51318 to 19 years
3,920
1,888
48.2
1,555
39.7
333
17.6
2,03220 to 24 years
11,012
8,038
73.0
7,173
65.1
865
10.8
2,97425 to 54 years
61,425
54,226
88.3
51,851
84.4
2,374
4.4
7,19925 to 34 years
21,142
18,776
88.8
17,746
83.9
1,030
5.5
2,36625 to 29 years
10,778
9,418
87.4
8,841
82.0
577
6.1
1,36030 to 34 years
10,364
9,358
90.3
8,905
85.9
454
4.8
1,00635 to 44 years
19,444
17,556
90.3
16,861
86.7
695
4.0
1,88735 to 39 years
9,757
8,813
90.3
8,444
86.6
369
4.2
94440 to 44 years
9,687
8,743
90.3
8,417
86.9
327
3.7
94445 to 54 years
20,839
17,893
85.9
17,245
82.8
649
3.6
2,94545 to 49 years
10,061
8,839
87.9
8,533
84.8
306
3.5
1,22250 to 54 years
10,778
9,054
84.0
8,712
80.8
343
3.8
1,72355 to 64 years
19,518
13,627
69.8
13,092
67.1
536
3.9
5,89155 to 59 years
10,421
8,032
77.1
7,713
74.0
319
4.0
2,38960 to 64 years
9,097
5,595
61.5
5,378
59.1
217
3.9
3,50265 years and older
20,717
4,845
23.4
4,661
22.5
184
3.8
15,87265 to 69 years
7,489
2,754
36.8
2,652
35.4
103
3.7
4,73570 to 74 years
5,223
1,192
22.8
1,141
21.9
50
4.2
4,03175 years and older
8,004
898
11.2
868
10.8
31
3.4
7,106Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, 16 years and older, by gender, 1948–2015 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Year
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Not in labor forceTotal
Percentage of population
Employed
UnemployedTotal
Percentage of population
Total
Percentage of labor forceTotal1948
103,068
60,621
58.8
58,343
56.6
2,276
3.8
42,4471949
103,994
61,286
58.9
57,651
55.4
3,637
5.9
42,7081950
104,995
62,208
59.2
58,918
56.1
3,288
5.3
42,7871951
104,621
62,017
59.2
59,961
57.3
2,055
3.3
42,6041952
105,231
62,138
59.0
60,250
57.3
1,883
3.0
43,0931953
107,056
63,015
58.9
61,179
57.1
1,834
2.9
44,0411954
108,321
63,643
58.8
60,109
55.5
3,532
5.5
44,6781955
109,683
65,023
59.3
62,170
56.7
2,852
4.4
44,6601956
110,954
66,552
60.0
63,799
57.5
2,750
4.1
44,4021957
112,265
66,929
59.6
64,071
57.1
2,859
4.3
45,3361958
113,727
67,639
59.5
63,036
55.4
4,602
6.8
46,0881959
115,329
68,369
59.3
64,630
56.0
3,740
5.5
46,9601960
117,245
69,628
59.4
65,778
56.1
3,852
5.5
47,6171961
118,771
70,459
59.3
65,746
55.4
4,714
6.7
48,3121962
120,153
70,614
58.8
66,702
55.5
3,911
5.5
49,5391963
122,416
71,833
58.7
67,762
55.4
4,070
5.7
50,5831964
124,485
73,091
58.7
69,305
55.7
3,786
5.2
51,3941965
126,513
74,455
58.9
71,088
56.2
3,366
4.5
52,0581966
128,058
75,770
59.2
72,895
56.9
2,875
3.8
52,2881967
129,874
77,347
59.6
74,372
57.3
2,975
3.8
52,5271968
132,028
78,737
59.6
75,920
57.5
2,817
3.6
53,2911969
134,335
80,734
60.1
77,902
58.0
2,832
3.5
53,6021970
137,085
82,771
60.4
78,678
57.4
4,093
4.9
54,3151971
140,216
84,382
60.2
79,367
56.6
5,016
5.9
55,8341972
144,126
87,034
60.4
82,153
57.0
4,882
5.6
57,0911973
147,096
89,429
60.8
85,064
57.8
4,365
4.9
57,6671974
150,120
91,949
61.3
86,794
57.8
5,156
5.6
58,1711975
153,153
93,775
61.2
85,846
56.1
7,929
8.5
59,3771976
156,150
96,158
61.6
88,752
56.8
7,406
7.7
59,9911977
159,033
99,009
62.3
92,017
57.9
6,991
7.1
60,0251978
161,910
102,251
63.2
96,048
59.3
6,202
6.1
59,6591979
164,863
104,962
63.7
98,824
59.9
6,137
5.8
59,9001980
167,745
106,940
63.8
99,303
59.2
7,637
7.1
60,8061981
170,130
108,670
63.9
100,397
59.0
8,273
7.6
61,4601982
172,271
110,204
64.0
99,526
57.8
10,678
9.7
62,0671983
174,215
111,550
64.0
100,834
57.9
10,717
9.6
62,6651984
176,383
113,544
64.4
105,005
59.5
8,539
7.5
62,8391985
178,206
115,461
64.8
107,150
60.1
8,312
7.2
62,7441986
180,587
117,834
65.3
109,597
60.7
8,237
7.0
62,7521987
182,753
119,865
65.6
112,440
61.5
7,425
6.2
62,8881988
184,613
121,669
65.9
114,968
62.3
6,701
5.5
62,9441989
186,393
123,869
66.5
117,342
63.0
6,528
5.3
62,5231990
189,164
125,840
66.5
118,793
62.8
7,047
5.6
63,3241991
190,925
126,346
66.2
117,718
61.7
8,628
6.8
64,5781992
192,805
128,105
66.4
118,492
61.5
9,613
7.5
64,7001993
194,838
129,200
66.3
120,259
61.7
8,940
6.9
65,6381994
196,814
131,056
66.6
123,060
62.5
7,996
6.1
65,7581995
198,584
132,304
66.6
124,900
62.9
7,404
5.6
66,2801996
200,591
133,943
66.8
126,708
63.2
7,236
5.4
66,6471997
203,133
136,297
67.1
129,558
63.8
6,739
4.9
66,8371998
205,220
137,673
67.1
131,463
64.1
6,210
4.5
67,5471999
207,753
139,368
67.1
133,488
64.3
5,880
4.2
68,3852000
212,577
142,583
67.1
136,891
64.4
5,692
4.0
69,9942001
215,092
143,734
66.8
136,933
63.7
6,801
4.7
71,3592002
217,570
144,863
66.6
136,485
62.7
8,378
5.8
72,7072003
221,168
146,510
66.2
137,736
62.3
8,774
6.0
74,6582004
223,357
147,401
66.0
139,252
62.3
8,149
5.5
75,9562005
226,082
149,320
66.0
141,730
62.7
7,591
5.1
76,7622006
228,815
151,428
66.2
144,427
63.1
7,001
4.6
77,3872007
231,867
153,124
66.0
146,047
63.0
7,078
4.6
78,7432008
233,788
154,287
66.0
145,362
62.2
8,924
5.8
79,5012009
235,801
154,142
65.4
139,877
59.3
14,265
9.3
81,6592010
237,830
153,889
64.7
139,064
58.5
14,825
9.6
83,9412011
239,618
153,617
64.1
139,869
58.4
13,747
8.9
86,0012012
243,284
154,975
63.7
142,469
58.6
12,506
8.1
88,3102013
245,679
155,389
63.2
143,929
58.6
11,460
7.4
90,2902014
247,947
155,922
62.9
146,305
59.0
9,617
6.2
92,0252015
250,801
157,130
62.7
148,834
59.3
8,296
5.3
93,671Women1948
53,071
17,335
32.7
16,617
31.3
717
4.1
35,7371949
53,670
17,788
33.1
16,723
31.2
1,065
6.0
35,8831950
54,270
18,389
33.9
17,340
32.0
1,049
5.7
35,8811951
54,895
19,016
34.6
18,181
33.1
834
4.4
35,8791952
55,529
19,269
34.7
18,568
33.4
698
3.6
36,2611953
56,305
19,382
34.4
18,749
33.3
632
3.3
36,9241954
56,925
19,678
34.6
18,490
32.5
1,188
6.0
37,2471955
57,574
20,548
35.7
19,551
34.0
998
4.9
37,0261956
58,228
21,461
36.9
20,419
35.1
1,039
4.8
36,7691957
58,951
21,732
36.9
20,714
35.1
1,018
4.7
37,2181958
59,690
22,118
37.1
20,613
34.5
1,504
6.8
37,5741959
60,534
22,483
37.1
21,164
35.0
1,320
5.9
38,0531960
61,582
23,240
37.7
21,874
35.5
1,366
5.9
38,3431961
62,484
23,806
38.1
22,090
35.4
1,717
7.2
38,6791962
63,321
24,014
37.9
22,525
35.6
1,488
6.2
39,3081963
64,494
24,704
38.3
23,105
35.8
1,598
6.5
39,7911964
65,637
25,412
38.7
23,831
36.3
1,581
6.2
40,2251965
66,731
26,200
39.3
24,748
37.1
1,452
5.5
40,5311966
67,795
27,299
40.3
25,976
38.3
1,324
4.8
40,4961967
68,968
28,360
41.1
26,893
39.0
1,468
5.2
40,6081968
70,179
29,204
41.6
27,807
39.6
1,397
4.8
40,9761969
71,436
30,513
42.7
29,084
40.7
1,429
4.7
40,9241970
72,782
31,543
43.3
29,688
40.8
1,855
5.9
41,2391971
74,274
32,202
43.4
29,976
40.4
2,227
6.9
42,0721972
76,290
33,479
43.9
31,257
41.0
2,222
6.6
42,8111973
77,804
34,804
44.7
32,715
42.0
2,089
6.0
43,0001974
79,312
36,211
45.7
33,769
42.6
2,441
6.7
43,1011975
80,860
37,475
46.3
33,989
42.0
3,486
9.3
43,3861976
82,390
38,983
47.3
35,615
43.2
3,369
8.6
43,4061977
83,840
40,613
48.4
37,289
44.5
3,324
8.2
43,2271978
85,334
42,631
50.0
39,569
46.4
3,061
7.2
42,7031979
86,843
44,235
50.9
41,217
47.5
3,018
6.8
42,6081980
88,348
45,487
51.5
42,117
47.7
3,370
7.4
42,8611981
89,618
46,696
52.1
43,000
48.0
3,696
7.9
42,9221982
90,748
47,755
52.6
43,256
47.7
4,499
9.4
42,9931983
91,684
48,503
52.9
44,047
48.0
4,457
9.2
43,1811984
92,778
49,709
53.6
45,915
49.5
3,794
7.6
43,0681985
93,736
51,050
54.5
47,259
50.4
3,791
7.4
42,6861986
94,789
52,413
55.3
48,706
51.4
3,707
7.1
42,3761987
95,853
53,658
56.0
50,334
52.5
3,324
6.2
42,1951988
96,756
54,742
56.6
51,696
53.4
3,046
5.6
42,0141989
97,630
56,030
57.4
53,027
54.3
3,003
5.4
41,6011990
98,787
56,829
57.5
53,689
54.3
3,140
5.5
41,9571991
99,646
57,178
57.4
53,496
53.7
3,683
6.4
42,4681992
100,535
58,141
57.8
54,052
53.8
4,090
7.0
42,3941993
101,506
58,795
57.9
54,910
54.1
3,885
6.6
42,7111994
102,460
60,239
58.8
56,610
55.3
3,629
6.0
42,2211995
103,406
60,944
58.9
57,523
55.6
3,421
5.6
42,4621996
104,385
61,857
59.3
58,501
56.0
3,356
5.4
42,5281997
105,418
63,036
59.8
59,873
56.8
3,162
5.0
42,3821998
106,462
63,714
59.8
60,771
57.1
2,944
4.6
42,7481999
108,031
64,855
60.0
62,042
57.4
2,814
4.3
43,1752000
110,613
66,303
59.9
63,586
57.5
2,717
4.1
44,3102001
111,811
66,848
59.8
63,737
57.0
3,111
4.7
44,9622002
112,985
67,363
59.6
63,582
56.3
3,781
5.6
45,6212003
114,733
68,272
59.5
64,404
56.1
3,868
5.7
46,4612004
115,647
68,421
59.2
64,728
56.0
3,694
5.4
47,2252005
116,931
69,288
59.3
65,757
56.2
3,531
5.1
47,6432006
118,210
70,173
59.4
66,925
56.6
3,247
4.6
48,0372007
119,694
70,988
59.3
67,792
56.6
3,196
4.5
48,7072008
120,675
71,767
59.5
67,876
56.2
3,891
5.4
48,9082009
121,665
72,019
59.2
66,208
54.4
5,811
8.1
49,6462010
122,656
71,904
58.6
65,705
53.6
6,199
8.6
50,7522011
123,300
71,642
58.1
65,579
53.2
6,063
8.5
51,6582012
125,941
72,648
57.7
66,914
53.1
5,734
7.9
53,2932013
127,124
72,722
57.2
67,577
53.2
5,146
7.1
54,4012014
128,199
73,039
57.0
68,613
53.5
4,426
6.1
55,1592015
129,700
73,510
56.7
69,703
53.7
3,807
5.2
56,190Men1948
49,996
43,286
86.6
41,725
83.5
1,559
3.6
6,7101949
50,321
43,498
86.4
40,925
81.3
2,572
5.9
6,8251950
50,725
43,819
86.4
41,578
82.0
2,239
5.1
6,9061951
49,727
43,001
86.3
41,780
84.0
1,221
2.8
6,7251952
49,700
42,869
86.3
41,682
83.9
1,185
2.8
6,8321953
50,750
43,633
86.0
42,430
83.6
1,202
2.8
7,1171954
51,395
43,965
85.5
41,619
81.0
2,344
5.3
7,4311955
52,109
44,475
85.4
42,621
81.8
1,854
4.2
7,6341956
52,723
45,091
85.5
43,379
82.3
1,711
3.8
7,6331957
53,315
45,197
84.8
43,357
81.3
1,841
4.1
8,1181958
54,033
45,521
84.2
42,423
78.5
3,098
6.8
8,5141959
54,793
45,886
83.7
43,466
79.3
2,420
5.2
8,9071960
55,662
46,388
83.3
43,904
78.9
2,486
5.4
9,2741961
56,286
46,653
82.9
43,656
77.6
2,997
6.4
9,6331962
56,831
46,600
82.0
44,177
77.7
2,423
5.2
10,2311963
57,921
47,129
81.4
44,657
77.1
2,472
5.2
10,7921964
58,847
47,679
81.0
45,474
77.3
2,205
4.6
11,1691965
59,782
48,255
80.7
46,340
77.5
1,914
4.0
11,5271966
60,262
48,471
80.4
46,919
77.9
1,551
3.2
11,7921967
60,905
48,987
80.4
47,479
78.0
1,508
3.1
11,9191968
61,847
49,533
80.1
48,114
77.8
1,419
2.9
12,3151969
62,898
50,221
79.8
48,818
77.6
1,403
2.8
12,6771970
64,304
51,228
79.7
48,990
76.2
2,238
4.4
13,0761971
65,942
52,180
79.1
49,390
74.9
2,789
5.3
13,7621972
67,835
53,555
78.9
50,896
75.0
2,659
5.0
14,2801973
69,292
54,624
78.8
52,349
75.5
2,275
4.2
14,6671974
70,808
55,739
78.7
53,024
74.9
2,714
4.9
15,0691975
72,291
56,299
77.9
51,857
71.7
4,442
7.9
15,9931976
73,759
57,174
77.5
53,138
72.0
4,036
7.1
16,5851977
75,193
58,396
77.7
54,728
72.8
3,667
6.3
16,7971978
76,576
59,620
77.9
56,479
73.8
3,142
5.3
16,9561979
78,020
60,726
77.8
57,607
73.8
3,120
5.1
17,2931980
79,398
61,453
77.4
57,186
72.0
4,267
6.9
17,9451981
80,511
61,974
77.0
57,397
71.3
4,577
7.4
18,5371982
81,523
62,450
76.6
56,271
69.0
6,179
9.9
19,0731983
82,531
63,047
76.4
56,787
68.8
6,260
9.9
19,4841984
83,605
63,835
76.4
59,091
70.7
4,744
7.4
19,7711985
84,469
64,411
76.3
59,891
70.9
4,521
7.0
20,0581986
85,798
65,422
76.3
60,892
71.0
4,530
6.9
20,3761987
86,899
66,207
76.2
62,107
71.5
4,101
6.2
20,6921988
87,857
66,927
76.2
63,273
72.0
3,655
5.5
20,9301989
88,762
67,840
76.4
64,315
72.5
3,525
5.2
20,9231990
90,377
69,011
76.4
65,104
72.0
3,906
5.7
21,3671991
91,278
69,168
75.8
64,223
70.4
4,946
7.2
22,1101992
92,270
69,964
75.8
64,440
69.8
5,523
7.9
22,3061993
93,332
70,404
75.4
65,349
70.0
5,055
7.2
22,9271994
94,355
70,817
75.1
66,450
70.4
4,367
6.2
23,5381995
95,178
71,360
75.0
67,377
70.8
3,983
5.6
23,8181996
96,206
72,087
74.9
68,207
70.9
3,880
5.4
24,1191997
97,715
73,261
75.0
69,685
71.3
3,577
4.9
24,4541998
98,758
73,959
74.9
70,693
71.6
3,266
4.4
24,7991999
99,722
74,512
74.7
71,446
71.6
3,066
4.1
25,2102000
101,964
76,280
74.8
73,305
71.9
2,975
3.9
25,6842001
103,282
76,886
74.4
73,196
70.9
3,690
4.8
26,3962002
104,585
77,500
74.1
72,903
69.7
4,597
5.9
27,0852003
106,435
78,238
73.5
73,332
68.9
4,906
6.3
28,1972004
107,710
78,980
73.3
74,524
69.2
4,456
5.6
28,7302005
109,151
80,033
73.3
75,973
69.6
4,059
5.1
29,1192006
110,605
81,255
73.5
77,502
70.1
3,753
4.6
29,3502007
112,173
82,136
73.2
78,254
69.8
3,882
4.7
30,0362008
113,113
82,520
73.0
77,486
68.5
5,033
6.1
30,5932009
114,136
82,123
72.0
73,670
64.5
8,453
10.3
32,0132010
115,174
81,985
71.2
73,359
63.7
8,626
10.5
33,1892011
116,317
81,975
70.5
74,290
63.9
7,684
9.4
34,3432012
117,343
82,327
70.2
75,555
64.4
6,771
8.2
35,0172013
118,555
82,667
69.7
76,353
64.4
6,314
7.6
35,8892014
119,748
82,882
69.2
77,692
64.9
5,190
6.3
36,8652015
121,101
83,620
69.1
79,131
65.3
4,490
5.4
37,481Note: Revisions to population controls and other changes can affect the comparability of labor force levels over time. In recent years, for example, updated population controls have been introduced annually with the release of January data. Information about historical comparability is available online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 3. Employment status, by race, age, gender, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2015 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Race, age, gender, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Not in labor forceTotal
Percentage of population
Employed
UnemployedTotal
Percentage of population
Total
Percentage of labor forceWhiteTotal, 16 years and older
196,868
123,607
62.8
117,944
59.9
5,662
4.6
73,26116 to 19 years
12,323
4,487
36.4
3,824
31.0
662
14.8
7,83620 to 24 years
16,171
11,755
72.7
10,784
66.7
970
8.3
4,41625 to 54 years
95,856
78,300
81.7
75,276
78.5
3,024
3.9
17,55655 to 64 years
33,005
21,534
65.2
20,783
63.0
751
3.5
11,47165 years and older
39,513
7,531
19.1
7,276
18.4
255
3.4
31,982Women, 16 years and older
100,720
56,589
56.2
54,052
53.7
2,537
4.5
44,13216 to 19 years
6,040
2,178
36.1
1,891
31.3
288
13.2
3,86220 to 24 years
8,007
5,589
69.8
5,200
64.9
390
7.0
2,41825 to 54 years
48,024
35,472
73.9
34,078
71.0
1,393
3.9
12,55355 to 64 years
16,938
10,045
59.3
9,695
57.2
351
3.5
6,89365 years and older
21,711
3,304
15.2
3,188
14.7
116
3.5
18,407Men, 16 years and older
96,147
67,018
69.7
63,892
66.5
3,126
4.7
29,12916 to 19 years
6,282
2,308
36.7
1,934
30.8
375
16.2
3,97420 to 24 years
8,164
6,165
75.5
5,585
68.4
581
9.4
1,99925 to 54 years
47,831
42,829
89.5
41,198
86.1
1,630
3.8
5,00355 to 64 years
16,067
11,489
71.5
11,088
69.0
400
3.5
4,57965 years and older
17,802
4,227
23.7
4,088
23.0
139
3.3
13,575Black or African AmericanTotal, 16 years and older
31,386
19,318
61.5
17,472
55.7
1,846
9.6
12,06816 to 19 years
2,491
701
28.1
502
20.1
199
28.4
1,79020 to 24 years
3,425
2,337
68.2
1,953
57.0
384
16.4
1,08925 to 54 years
16,545
12,984
78.5
11,924
72.1
1,061
8.2
3,56155 to 64 years
4,718
2,584
54.8
2,433
51.6
151
5.8
2,13465 years and older
4,207
711
16.9
660
15.7
51
7.2
3,496Women, 16 years and older
17,118
10,218
59.7
9,308
54.4
911
8.9
6,89916 to 19 years
1,254
376
29.9
276
22.0
99
26.4
87920 to 24 years
1,764
1,192
67.6
1,017
57.7
174
14.6
57225 to 54 years
8,998
6,880
76.5
6,333
70.4
547
8.0
2,11855 to 64 years
2,588
1,381
53.4
1,319
51.0
62
4.5
1,20765 years and older
2,515
391
15.6
363
14.4
28
7.2
2,123Men, 16 years and older
14,268
9,099
63.8
8,164
57.2
935
10.3
5,16916 to 19 years
1,237
326
26.3
226
18.2
100
30.8
91120 to 24 years
1,662
1,145
68.9
936
56.3
209
18.3
51725 to 54 years
7,547
6,105
80.9
5,591
74.1
514
8.4
1,44255 to 64 years
2,130
1,204
56.5
1,115
52.3
89
7.4
92765 years and older
1,692
320
18.9
297
17.5
23
7.2
1,372AsianTotal, 16 years and older
14,420
9,053
62.8
8,706
60.4
347
3.8
5,36616 to 19 years
833
172
20.6
147
17.7
25
14.4
66120 to 24 years
1,293
682
52.8
625
48.4
57
8.4
61025 to 54 years
8,317
6,476
77.9
6,283
75.5
193
3.0
1,84255 to 64 years
1,960
1,315
67.1
1,263
64.4
53
4.0
64465 years and older
2,017
408
20.2
388
19.3
20
4.8
1,609Women, 16 years and older
7,683
4,242
55.2
4,086
53.2
156
3.7
3,44116 to 19 years
428
89
20.8
79
18.4
10
11.4
33920 to 24 years
637
335
52.6
307
48.2
28
8.4
30225 to 54 years
4,407
2,988
67.8
2,894
65.7
93
3.1
1,41955 to 64 years
1,077
652
60.5
633
58.8
19
2.9
42565 years and older
1,135
179
15.8
174
15.3
6
3.2
956Men, 16 years and older
6,737
4,811
71.4
4,620
68.6
191
4.0
1,92516 to 19 years
406
83
20.5
69
16.9
15
17.7
32220 to 24 years
656
347
53.0
318
48.6
29
8.4
30825 to 54 years
3,911
3,488
89.2
3,389
86.7
99
2.9
42355 to 64 years
883
664
75.1
630
71.3
34
5.1
21965 years and older
882
229
25.9
215
24.4
14
6.1
653Hispanic or Latino ethnicityTotal, 16 years and older
39,617
26,126
65.9
24,400
61.6
1,726
6.6
13,49116 to 19 years
3,705
1,144
30.9
922
24.9
221
19.3
2,56220 to 24 years
4,697
3,365
71.6
3,027
64.4
338
10.0
1,33225 to 54 years
23,262
18,315
78.7
17,326
74.5
989
5.4
4,94855 to 64 years
4,255
2,666
62.7
2,523
59.3
143
5.4
1,58965 years and older
3,698
637
17.2
601
16.3
36
5.6
3,061Women, 16 years and older
19,872
11,072
55.7
10,289
51.8
783
7.1
8,80016 to 19 years
1,820
533
29.3
436
23.9
98
18.3
1,28720 to 24 years
2,301
1,514
65.8
1,372
59.6
142
9.4
78725 to 54 years
11,452
7,593
66.3
7,120
62.2
473
6.2
3,85955 to 64 years
2,205
1,151
52.2
1,091
49.5
60
5.2
1,05465 years and older
2,094
280
13.4
270
12.9
11
3.9
1,813Men, 16 years and older
19,745
15,054
76.2
14,111
71.5
943
6.3
4,69116 to 19 years
1,886
610
32.4
487
25.8
124
20.3
1,27520 to 24 years
2,396
1,851
77.3
1,655
69.1
196
10.6
54525 to 54 years
11,810
10,722
90.8
10,206
86.4
516
4.8
1,08955 to 64 years
2,050
1,515
73.9
1,432
69.9
83
5.5
53565 years and older
1,604
356
22.2
331
20.7
25
7.0
1,248Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 4. Employment status, by marital status and gender, 2015 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Marital status and gender
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Not in labor forceTotal
Percentage of population
Employed
UnemployedTotal
Percentage of population
Total
Percentage of labor forceTotalTotal, 16 years and older
250,801
157,130
62.7
148,834
59.3
8,296
5.3
93,671Married, spouse present
125,178
82,383
65.8
79,935
63.9
2,448
3.0
42,795Unmarried, total
125,623
74,747
59.5
68,898
54.8
5,848
7.8
50,876Never married
76,296
49,541
64.9
45,147
59.2
4,394
8.9
26,755Other martial status
49,327
25,206
51.1
23,751
48.2
1,455
5.8
24,121Divorced
25,720
16,377
63.7
15,484
60.2
893
5.5
9,343Separated
8,783
5,856
66.7
5,436
61.9
420
7.2
2,927Widowed
14,823
2,973
20.1
2,831
19.1
142
4.8
11,850WomenTotal, 16 years and older
129,700
73,510
56.7
69,703
53.7
3,807
5.2
56,190Married, spouse present
62,203
36,135
58.1
34,997
56.3
1,138
3.1
26,067Unmarried, total
67,497
37,374
55.4
34,706
51.4
2,669
7.1
30,123Never married
36,145
22,738
62.9
20,881
57.8
1,857
8.2
13,408Other martial status
31,352
14,637
46.7
13,825
44.1
812
5.5
16,715Divorced
15,003
9,402
62.7
8,927
59.5
475
5.1
5,601Separated
4,820
3,036
63.0
2,801
58.1
235
7.7
1,784Widowed
11,529
2,199
19.1
2,097
18.2
101
4.6
9,331MenTotal, 16 years and older
121,101
83,620
69.1
79,131
65.3
4,490
5.4
37,481Married, spouse present
62,975
46,248
73.4
44,938
71.4
1,310
2.8
16,727Unmarried, total
58,126
37,373
64.3
34,193
58.8
3,180
8.5
20,753Never married
40,151
26,803
66.8
24,267
60.4
2,537
9.5
13,348Other martial status
17,975
10,569
58.8
9,926
55.2
643
6.1
7,405Divorced
10,718
6,975
65.1
6,557
61.2
417
6.0
3,743Separated
3,963
2,820
71.2
2,635
66.5
185
6.6
1,143Widowed
3,294
774
23.5
734
22.3
40
5.2
2,520Note: Separated includes married, spouse absent.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 5. Employment status, by gender, presence and age of children, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, March 2015 (Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Not in labor forceTotal
Percentage of population
Employed
UnemployedTotal
Percentage of population
Total
Percentage of labor forceTotalWomen, 16 years and older
129,342
73,380
56.7
69,636
53.8
3,744
5.1
55,962With children under 18 years old
35,911
25,107
69.9
23,841
66.4
1,265
5.0
10,805With children 6 to 17, none younger
20,192
15,059
74.6
14,437
71.5
622
4.1
5,133With children under 6 years old
15,719
10,048
63.9
9,405
59.8
643
6.4
5,671With children under 3 years old
8,953
5,494
61.4
5,119
57.2
375
6.8
3,459With no children under 18 years old
93,431
48,273
51.7
45,794
49.0
2,479
5.1
45,158Men, 16 years and older
120,738
83,108
68.8
77,987
64.6
5,121
6.2
37,630With children under 18 years old
27,198
25,244
92.8
24,318
89.4
925
3.7
1,954With children 6 to 17, none younger
15,468
14,191
91.7
13,685
88.5
506
3.6
1,277With children under 6 years old
11,730
11,053
94.2
10,634
90.7
419
3.8
677With children under 3 years old
6,777
6,401
94.5
6,160
90.9
241
3.8
376With no children under 18 years old
93,540
57,864
61.9
53,668
57.4
4,196
7.3
35,676WhiteWomen, 16 years and older
100,535
56,565
56.3
54,098
53.8
2,467
4.4
43,970With children under 18 years old
27,158
18,889
69.6
18,126
66.7
763
4.0
8,269With children 6 to 17, none younger
15,328
11,401
74.4
11,015
71.9
386
3.4
3,928With children under 6 years old
11,829
7,488
63.3
7,111
60.1
377
5.0
4,341With children under 3 years old
6,787
4,129
60.8
3,895
57.4
234
5.7
2,658With no children under 18 years old
73,378
37,677
51.3
35,972
49.0
1,704
4.5
35,701Men, 16 years and older
95,899
66,783
69.6
63,144
65.8
3,639
5.4
29,116With children under 18 years old
21,972
20,572
93.6
19,873
90.4
700
3.4
1,399With children 6 to 17, none younger
12,534
11,592
92.5
11,201
89.4
391
3.4
942With children under 6 years old
9,438
8,980
95.1
8,672
91.9
309
3.4
458With children under 3 years old
5,493
5,239
95.4
5,055
92.0
184
3.5
254With no children under 18 years old
73,927
46,210
62.5
43,271
58.5
2,939
6.4
27,717Black or African AmericanWomen, 16 years and older
17,054
10,095
59.2
9,151
53.7
944
9.3
6,959With children under 18 years old
4,914
3,748
76.3
3,361
68.4
387
10.3
1,166With children 6 to 17, none younger
2,797
2,221
79.4
2,039
72.9
182
8.2
576With children under 6 years old
2,117
1,527
72.1
1,321
62.4
206
13.5
590With children under 3 years old
1,199
818
68.3
706
58.9
112
13.7
380With no children under 18 years old
12,140
6,347
52.3
5,791
47.7
557
8.8
5,793Men, 16 years and older
14,203
8,929
62.9
7,910
55.7
1,019
11.4
5,274With children under 18 years old
2,382
2,072
87.0
1,940
81.5
131
6.3
310With children 6 to 17, none younger
1,374
1,179
85.8
1,110
80.8
69
5.8
196With children under 6 years old
1,007
893
88.6
831
82.4
62
7.0
114With children under 3 years old
588
524
89.1
493
83.9
31
5.9
64With no children under 18 years old
11,822
6,858
58.0
5,969
50.5
888
13.0
4,964AsianWomen, 16 years and older
7,622
4,219
55.3
4,092
53.7
127
3.0
3,403With children under 18 years old
2,468
1,529
62.0
1,492
60.4
38
2.5
939With children 6 to 17, none younger
1,365
934
68.5
912
66.8
22
2.4
430With children under 6 years old
1,103
595
53.9
580
52.5
15
2.6
508With children under 3 years old
600
311
51.9
302
50.4
9
2.8
289With no children under 18 years old
5,154
2,690
52.2
2,600
50.5
89
3.3
2,464Men, 16 years and older
6,803
4,839
71.1
4,647
68.3
192
4.0
1,964With children under 18 years old
2,000
1,870
93.5
1,821
91.1
49
2.6
129With children 6 to 17, none younger
1,097
1,019
92.9
990
90.3
29
2.8
78With children under 6 years old
903
852
94.3
831
92.0
20
2.4
51With children under 3 years old
487
452
92.7
443
90.9
8
1.9
36With no children under 18 years old
4,803
2,968
61.8
2,826
58.8
143
4.8
1,835Hispanic or Latino ethnicityWomen, 16 years and older
19,722
10,866
55.1
10,079
51.1
787
7.2
8,855With children under 18 years old
7,603
4,686
61.6
4,358
57.3
327
7.0
2,917With children 6 to 17, none younger
4,058
2,737
67.5
2,600
64.1
137
5.0
1,321With children under 6 years old
3,545
1,948
55.0
1,758
49.6
190
9.7
1,596With children under 3 years old
1,888
954
50.6
847
44.9
107
11.2
933With no children under 18 years old
12,119
6,181
51.0
5,721
47.2
460
7.4
5,938Men, 16 years and older
19,601
14,860
75.8
13,793
70.4
1,067
7.2
4,740With children under 18 years old
5,391
5,049
93.6
4,813
89.3
236
4.7
342With children 6 to 17, none younger
2,856
2,637
92.3
2,516
88.1
120
4.6
220With children under 6 years old
2,535
2,412
95.2
2,297
90.6
115
4.8
123With children under 3 years old
1,388
1,329
95.8
1,254
90.3
75
5.7
59With no children under 18 years old
14,209
9,812
69.1
8,980
63.2
832
8.5
4,398Note: Children are "own" children and are sons, daughters, stepchildren, or adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, 2015 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.




Table 6. Employment status of women, by presence and age of children, marital status, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, March 2015 (Numbers in thousands)

Presence and age of youngest child
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Not in labor forceTotal
Percentage of population
Employed
UnemployedTotal
Percentage of population
Total
Percentage of labor forceTotal, all marital statusesTotal women, 16 years and older
129,342
73,380
56.7
69,636
53.8
3,744
5.1
55,962With children under 18 years old
35,911
25,107
69.9
23,841
66.4
1,265
5.0
10,805With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
20,192
15,059
74.6
14,437
71.5
622
4.1
5,133With children under 6 years old
15,719
10,048
63.9
9,405
59.8
643
6.4
5,671With children under 3 years old
8,953
5,494
61.4
5,119
57.2
375
6.8
3,459With no children under 18 years old
93,431
48,273
51.7
45,794
49.0
2,479
5.1
45,158Total, married, spouse presentTotal women, 16 years and older
62,171
36,388
58.5
35,314
56.8
1,074
3.0
25,783With children under 18 years old
24,822
16,779
67.6
16,305
65.7
474
2.8
8,043With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
13,977
10,126
72.4
9,851
70.5
275
2.7
3,851With children under 6 years old
10,845
6,653
61.3
6,454
59.5
198
3.0
4,192With children under 3 years old
6,316
3,760
59.5
3,633
57.5
127
3.4
2,556With no children under 18 years old
37,350
19,609
52.5
19,009
50.9
600
3.1
17,741Total, other marital statuses1Total women, 16 years and older
67,171
36,992
55.1
34,322
51.1
2,670
7.2
30,179With children under 18 years old
11,090
8,328
75.1
7,536
68.0
791
9.5
2,762With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
6,216
4,933
79.4
4,586
73.8
347
7.0
1,283With children under 6 years old
4,874
3,395
69.6
2,950
60.5
444
13.1
1,479With children under 3 years old
2,637
1,734
65.7
1,486
56.4
247
14.3
903With no children under 18 years old
56,081
28,664
51.1
26,785
47.8
1,879
6.6
27,417White, all marital statusesTotal women, 16 years and older
100,535
56,565
56.3
54,098
53.8
2,467
4.4
43,970With children under 18 years old
27,158
18,889
69.6
18,126
66.7
763
4.0
8,269With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
15,328
11,401
74.4
11,015
71.9
386
3.4
3,928With children under 6 years old
11,829
7,488
63.3
7,111
60.1
377
5.0
4,341With children under 3 years old
6,787
4,129
60.8
3,895
57.4
234
5.7
2,658With no children under 18 years old
73,378
37,677
51.3
35,972
49.0
1,704
4.5
35,701White, married, spouse presentTotal women, 16 years and older
51,597
29,966
58.1
29,129
56.5
836
2.8
21,632With children under 18 years old
20,079
13,605
67.8
13,247
66.0
357
2.6
6,474With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
11,286
8,189
72.6
7,984
70.7
205
2.5
3,098With children under 6 years old
8,793
5,416
61.6
5,263
59.9
153
2.8
3,377With children under 3 years old
5,176
3,100
59.9
3,003
58.0
98
3.1
2,076With no children under 18 years old
31,518
16,361
51.9
15,882
50.4
479
2.9
15,157White, other marital statuses1Total women, 16 years and older
48,938
26,600
54.4
24,969
51.0
1,631
6.1
22,338With children under 18 years old
7,079
5,284
74.6
4,878
68.9
406
7.7
1,795With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
4,042
3,212
79.5
3,030
75.0
182
5.7
830With children under 6 years old
3,036
2,072
68.2
1,848
60.9
224
10.8
965With children under 3 years old
1,610
1,028
63.8
892
55.4
136
13.2
582With no children under 18 years old
41,859
21,316
50.9
20,091
48.0
1,225
5.7
20,544Black or African American, all marital statusesTotal women, 16 years and older
17,054
10,095
59.2
9,151
53.7
944
9.3
6,959With children under 18 years old
4,914
3,748
76.3
3,361
68.4
387
10.3
1,166With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
2,797
2,221
79.4
2,039
72.9
182
8.2
576With children under 6 years old
2,117
1,527
72.1
1,321
62.4
206
13.5
590With children under 3 years old
1,199
818
68.3
706
58.9
112
13.7
380With no children under 18 years old
12,140
6,347
52.3
5,791
47.7
557
8.8
5,793Black or African American, married, spouse presentTotal women, 16 years and older
4,485
2,874
64.1
2,740
61.1
134
4.7
1,611With children under 18 years old
1,779
1,336
75.1
1,268
71.3
67
5.0
443With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
1,072
846
78.9
807
75.3
39
4.6
226With children under 6 years old
707
490
69.3
462
65.3
28
5.7
217With children under 3 years old
410
268
65.3
250
61.1
18
6.6
142With no children under 18 years old
2,706
1,538
56.9
1,471
54.4
67
4.4
1,167Black or African American, other marital statuses1Total women, 16 years and older
12,569
7,221
57.4
6,412
51.0
809
11.2
5,348With children under 18 years old
3,135
2,412
77.0
2,092
66.7
320
13.3
722With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
1,725
1,375
79.7
1,233
71.5
142
10.4
350With children under 6 years old
1,410
1,037
73.5
860
61.0
177
17.1
373With children under 3 years old
789
550
69.8
456
57.8
94
17.1
238With no children under 18 years old
9,435
4,809
51.0
4,319
45.8
489
10.2
4,626Asian, all marital statusesTotal women, 16 years and older
7,622
4,219
55.3
4,092
53.7
127
3.0
3,403With children under 18 years old
2,468
1,529
62.0
1,492
60.4
38
2.5
939With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
1,365
934
68.5
912
66.8
22
2.4
430With children under 6 years old
1,103
595
53.9
580
52.5
15
2.6
508With children under 3 years old
600
311
51.9
302
50.4
9
2.8
289With no children under 18 years old
5,154
2,690
52.2
2,600
50.5
89
3.3
2,464Asian, married, spouse presentTotal women, 16 years and older
4,452
2,536
57.0
2,472
55.5
65
2.5
1,916With children under 18 years old
2,133
1,284
60.2
1,253
58.8
31
2.4
849With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
1,171
781
66.7
760
64.9
20
2.6
391With children under 6 years old
962
504
52.4
493
51.2
11
2.1
458With children under 3 years old
523
263
50.3
258
49.4
5
1.9
260With no children under 18 years old
2,319
1,252
54.0
1,218
52.5
33
2.7
1,067Asian, other marital statuses1Total women, 16 years and older
3,170
1,683
53.1
1,620
51.1
62
3.7
1,488With children under 18 years old
335
245
73.1
238
71.1
7
2.7
90With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
194
154
79.4
152
78.4
2
1.2
40With children under 6 years old
142
91
64.4
87
61.2
5
5.1
50With children under 3 years old
77
48
-
44
-
4
-
29With no children under 18 years old
2,835
1,438
50.7
1,382
48.7
56
3.9
1,398Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, all marital statusesTotal women, 16 years and older
19,722
10,866
55.1
10,079
51.1
787
7.2
8,855With children under 18 years old
7,603
4,686
61.6
4,358
57.3
327
7.0
2,917With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
4,058
2,737
67.5
2,600
64.1
137
5.0
1,321With children under 6 years old
3,545
1,948
55.0
1,758
49.6
190
9.7
1,596With children under 3 years old
1,888
954
50.6
847
44.9
107
11.2
933With no children under 18 years old
12,119
6,181
51.0
5,721
47.2
460
7.4
5,938Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, married, spouse presentTotal women, 16 years and older
8,747
4,638
53.0
4,399
50.3
239
5.2
4,109With children under 18 years old
4,885
2,687
55.0
2,554
52.3
133
4.9
2,198With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
2,610
1,572
60.3
1,514
58.0
58
3.7
1,037With children under 6 years old
2,275
1,115
49.0
1,040
45.7
75
6.7
1,160With children under 3 years old
1,227
557
45.4
509
41.5
49
8.7
670With no children under 18 years old
3,862
1,950
50.5
1,844
47.8
106
5.4
1,912Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, other marital statuses1Total women, 16 years and older
10,975
6,228
56.8
5,680
51.8
548
8.8
4,746With children under 18 years old
2,718
1,998
73.5
1,804
66.4
194
9.7
720With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
1,448
1,165
80.4
1,086
75.0
79
6.8
284With children under 6 years old
1,269
833
65.7
718
56.6
115
13.8
436With children under 3 years old
661
397
60.1
339
51.3
58
14.7
264With no children under 18 years old
8,257
4,230
51.2
3,876
46.9
354
8.4
4,0271 Includes never-married; married, spouse absent; divorced; separated; and widowed persons.

Note: Children are own children and are sons, daughters, stepchildren, or adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, and other related and unrelated children. Details for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, 2015 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.




Table 7. Employment status of women, by presence and age of children, March 1975–March 2015 (Numbers in thousands)

Year
Civilian labor force
Employed
UnemployedTotal
Percentage of population
Total
Percentage of labor forceWith children under age 181975
14,616
47.4
13,069
1,548
11.01976
15,073
48.8
13,725
1,346
8.91977
15,669
50.8
14,276
1,393
8.91978
16,385
53.0
15,142
1,242
7.61979
16,883
54.5
15,624
1,259
7.71980
17,790
56.6
16,526
1,264
7.11981
18,422
58.1
16,952
1,471
8.01982
18,744
58.5
16,854
1,890
10.11983
18,924
58.9
16,792
2,131
11.31984
19,555
60.5
17,782
1,773
9.11985
20,041
62.1
18,306
1,735
8.71986
20,620
62.8
18,922
1,698
8.21987
21,422
64.7
19,798
1,624
7.61988
21,545
65.1
20,141
1,404
6.51989
21,936
65.7
20,647
1,289
5.91990
22,196
66.7
20,865
1,331
6.01991
22,327
66.6
20,774
1,552
7.01992
22,756
67.2
21,052
1,704
7.51993
23,063
66.9
21,521
1,541
6.71994
24,191
68.4
22,467
1,724
7.11995
24,695
69.7
23,195
1,500
6.11996
24,720
70.2
23,386
1,334
5.41997
25,604
72.1
24,082
1,522
5.91998
25,647
72.3
24,209
1,438
5.61999
25,472
72.1
24,307
1,165
4.62000
25,795
72.9
24,693
1,102
4.32001
26,269
72.7
25,030
1,239
4.72002
26,140
72.2
24,612
1,529
5.82003
26,202
71.7
24,598
1,603
6.12004
25,913
70.7
24,413
1,501
5.82005
25,941
70.5
24,564
1,377
5.32006
26,009
70.6
24,728
1,281
4.92007
26,834
71.3
25,646
1,188
4.42008
25,930
71.2
24,637
1,294
5.02009
26,122
71.6
24,079
2,043
7.82010
25,783
71.3
23,510
2,273
8.82011
25,376
70.9
23,109
2,266
8.92012
25,384
70.9
23,366
2,018
7.92013
25,112
70.3
23,121
1,991
7.92014
25,209
70.8
23,542
1,667
6.62015
25,107
69.9
23,841
1,265
5.0With children ages 6 to 17, none younger1975
8,917
54.9
8,218
700
7.91976
9,388
56.2
8,769
621
6.61977
10,040
58.3
9,389
650
6.51978
10,401
60.0
9,845
556
5.31979
10,646
61.6
10,030
615
5.81980
11,252
64.3
10,640
612
5.41981
11,490
65.5
10,725
765
6.71982
11,377
65.8
10,440
936
8.21983
11,340
66.3
10,303
1,037
9.11984
11,538
68.1
10,739
799
6.91985
11,826
69.9
10,984
842
7.11986
12,075
70.4
11,320
756
6.31987
12,438
72.0
11,661
778
6.31988
12,683
73.3
12,042
641
5.11989
12,800
74.2
12,168
632
4.91990
12,799
74.7
12,133
666
5.21991
12,691
74.4
12,017
674
5.31992
13,183
75.9
12,391
793
6.01993
13,441
75.4
12,757
684
5.11994
13,863
76.0
13,074
789
5.71995
14,300
76.4
13,608
691
4.81996
14,427
77.2
13,794
633
4.41997
14,993
78.1
14,282
711
4.71998
15,028
78.4
14,370
658
4.41999
15,150
78.5
14,633
516
3.42000
15,479
79.0
14,931
549
3.52001
15,839
79.4
15,220
619
3.92002
15,948
78.6
15,171
777
4.92003
15,993
78.7
15,166
828
5.22004
15,782
77.5
15,006
776
4.92005
15,594
76.9
14,930
663
4.32006
15,579
76.9
14,949
630
4.02007
15,940
77.7
15,341
599
3.82008
15,479
77.5
14,842
636
4.12009
15,625
78.2
14,562
1,063
6.82010
15,247
77.2
14,058
1,189
7.82011
14,973
76.5
13,842
1,131
7.62012
14,922
76.0
13,908
1,014
6.82013
14,941
74.8
13,909
1,032
6.92014
15,227
75.8
14,389
838
5.52015
15,059
74.6
14,437
622
4.1With children under age 61975
5,699
39.0
4,851
848
14.91976
5,684
40.1
4,957
727
12.81977
5,629
41.2
4,887
742
13.21978
5,983
44.0
5,297
687
11.51979
6,238
45.7
5,594
644
10.31980
6,538
46.8
5,886
652
10.01981
6,933
48.9
6,227
706
10.21982
7,367
49.9
6,414
953
12.91983
7,583
50.5
6,489
1,094
14.41984
8,017
52.1
7,043
974
12.11985
8,215
53.5
7,322
893
10.91986
8,545
54.4
7,602
943
11.01987
8,983
56.7
8,137
846
9.41988
8,862
56.1
8,099
763
8.61989
9,136
56.7
8,478
657
7.21990
9,397
58.2
8,732
664
7.11991
9,636
58.4
8,758
878
9.11992
9,573
58.0
8,662
911
9.51993
9,621
57.9
8,764
857
8.91994
10,328
60.3
9,394
935
9.01995
10,395
62.3
9,587
809
7.81996
10,293
62.3
9,592
701
6.81997
10,610
65.0
9,800
810
7.61998
10,619
65.2
9,839
780
7.31999
10,322
64.4
9,674
648
6.32000
10,316
65.3
9,763
553
5.42001
10,430
64.4
9,810
620
5.92002
10,193
64.1
9,441
752
7.42003
10,209
62.9
9,433
776
7.62004
10,131
62.2
9,407
724
7.12005
10,347
62.6
9,634
714
6.92006
10,430
63.0
9,779
651
6.22007
10,894
63.5
10,305
589
5.42008
10,452
63.6
9,794
657
6.32009
10,497
63.6
9,517
980
9.32010
10,536
64.2
9,452
1,085
10.32011
10,403
64.2
9,268
1,135
10.92012
10,462
64.7
9,458
1,004
9.62013
10,171
64.7
9,212
958
9.42014
9,982
64.3
9,153
829
8.32015
10,048
63.9
9,405
643
6.4With children under age 31975
2,824
34.3
2,326
500
17.71976
2,702
34.1
2,285
418
15.51977
2,795
35.4
2,371
424
15.21978
3,179
39.4
2,768
411
12.91979
3,380
41.1
2,979
401
11.91980
3,565
41.9
3,167
398
11.21981
3,826
44.3
3,380
446
11.71982
4,133
45.6
3,542
591
14.31983
4,233
46.0
3,551
682
16.11984
4,401
47.6
3,839
562
12.81985
4,601
49.5
4,089
513
11.11986
4,786
50.8
4,227
559
11.71987
5,064
52.9
4,570
494
9.81988
4,947
52.4
4,477
470
9.51989
5,053
52.4
4,671
381
7.51990
5,216
53.6
4,823
393
7.51991
5,417
54.5
4,868
550
10.11992
5,329
54.5
4,776
553
10.41993
5,349
53.9
4,857
492
9.21994
5,724
57.1
5,165
559
9.81995
5,650
58.7
5,172
478
8.51996
5,619
59.0
5,222
397
7.11997
5,839
61.8
5,366
473
8.11998
5,882
62.2
5,454
428
7.31999
5,645
60.7
5,285
359
6.42000
5,670
61.0
5,350
320
5.62001
5,743
60.7
5,350
393
6.82002
5,600
60.5
5,160
440
7.92003
5,568
58.7
5,112
456
8.22004
5,401
57.3
4,983
417
7.72005
5,704
58.9
5,299
405
7.12006
5,842
59.9
5,458
384
6.62007
6,006
60.1
5,679
327
5.52008
5,754
59.6
5,380
374
6.52009
5,960
61.1
5,401
559
9.42010
5,878
61.1
5,240
638
10.92011
5,639
60.9
5,006
633
11.22012
5,529
60.7
4,960
569
10.32013
5,448
62.1
4,937
511
9.42014
5,358
61.8
4,870
487
9.12015
5,494
61.4
5,119
375
6.8With no children under age 181975
22,365
45.1
20,381
1,984
8.91976
23,327
45.7
21,389
1,938
8.31977
24,385
46.4
22,348
2,037
8.41978
25,362
47.0
23,631
1,731
6.81979
26,962
48.6
25,285
1,677
6.21980
27,144
48.1
25,375
1,769
6.51981
27,992
48.7
25,934
2,059
7.41982
28,351
48.6
26,041
2,311
8.21983
28,856
48.7
26,373
2,483
8.61984
29,684
49.3
27,652
2,032
6.81985
30,850
50.4
28,814
2,036
6.61986
31,112
50.5
29,107
2,005
6.41987
31,538
50.5
29,688
1,850
5.91988
32,490
51.2
30,911
1,580
4.91989
33,255
51.9
31,761
1,495
4.51990
33,942
52.3
32,391
1,551
4.61991
34,047
52.0
32,167
1,880
5.51992
34,487
52.3
32,481
2,006
5.81993
34,495
52.1
32,476
2,020
5.91994
35,455
53.1
33,345
2,110
6.01995
35,843
52.9
34,054
1,789
5.01996
36,509
53.0
34,698
1,811
5.01997
37,295
53.6
35,572
1,723
4.61998
38,253
54.1
36,680
1,573
4.11999
39,314
54.3
37,587
1,727
4.42000
40,142
54.8
38,408
1,733
4.32001
40,996
54.4
39,363
1,633
4.02002
41,278
54.0
39,038
2,241
5.42003
42,039
54.1
39,667
2,372
5.62004
42,289
53.8
40,000
2,289
5.42005
42,677
53.5
40,570
2,107
4.92006
43,392
53.6
41,440
1,952
4.52007
44,039
53.9
42,279
1,760
4.02008
45,585
54.3
43,417
2,168
4.82009
45,649
53.8
42,343
3,306
7.22010
46,098
53.5
42,256
3,842
8.32011
46,198
53.0
42,569
3,629
7.92012
47,222
52.6
43,494
3,728
7.92013
47,607
52.3
44,294
3,313
7.02014
48,076
52.1
44,980
3,096
6.42015
48,273
51.7
45,794
2,479
5.1Note: Children are "own" children and include sons, daughters, step-children, or adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, 1975–2015 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.




Table 8. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, 25 to 64 years of age, by educational attainment and gender, 2015 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Educational attainment and gender
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Not in labor forceTotal
Percentage of population
Employed
UnemployedTotal
Percentage of population
Total
Percentage of labor forceTotalTotal, 25 to 64 years
165,702
127,106
76.7
121,613
73.4
5,493
4.3
38,596Less than a high school diploma
17,071
10,317
60.4
9,482
55.5
835
8.1
6,754High school graduates, no college
45,962
32,982
71.8
31,148
67.8
1,835
5.6
12,980Some college or associate's degree
45,307
35,220
77.7
33,621
74.2
1,600
4.5
10,087College graduates, total
57,362
48,586
84.7
47,362
82.6
1,223
2.5
8,776Bachelor's degree
36,840
30,839
83.7
29,993
81.4
846
2.7
6,001Advanced degree
20,522
17,747
86.5
17,370
84.6
377
2.1
2,775Master's degree
15,210
13,018
85.6
12,711
83.6
307
2.4
2,192Professional degree
2,559
2,251
88.0
2,219
86.7
33
1.4
308Doctoral degree
2,754
2,478
90.0
2,440
88.6
38
1.5
276WomenTotal, 25 to 64 years
84,760
59,252
69.9
56,670
66.9
2,582
4.4
25,507Less than a high school diploma
7,949
3,613
45.5
3,258
41.0
355
9.8
4,336High school graduates, no college
21,806
13,727
62.9
12,960
59.4
767
5.6
8,079Some college or associate's degree
24,328
17,566
72.2
16,742
68.8
824
4.7
6,762College graduates, total
30,676
24,347
79.4
23,711
77.3
636
2.6
6,330Bachelor's degree
19,494
15,191
77.9
14,749
75.7
442
2.9
4,303Advanced degree
11,183
9,156
81.9
8,962
80.1
194
2.1
2,027Master's degree
8,821
7,184
81.4
7,023
79.6
161
2.2
1,637Professional degree
1,160
940
81.0
927
79.9
14
1.4
220Doctoral degree
1,201
1,032
85.9
1,013
84.3
19
1.9
169MenTotal, 25 to 64 years
80,943
67,853
83.8
64,943
80.2
2,910
4.3
13,089Less than a high school diploma
9,122
6,704
73.5
6,224
68.2
480
7.2
2,418High school graduates, no college
24,156
19,256
79.7
18,188
75.3
1,068
5.5
4,900Some college or associate's degree
20,979
17,654
84.2
16,879
80.5
775
4.4
3,324College graduates, total
26,685
24,239
90.8
23,652
88.6
587
2.4
2,446Bachelor's degree
17,346
15,648
90.2
15,244
87.9
404
2.6
1,698Advanced degree
9,340
8,591
92.0
8,408
90.0
183
2.1
748Master's degree
6,388
5,834
91.3
5,688
89.0
146
2.5
554Professional degree
1,399
1,311
93.7
1,292
92.4
19
1.4
88Doctoral degree
1,553
1,446
93.1
1,428
91.9
19
1.3
107Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.



Table 9A. Percent distribution of the civilian labor force, 25 to 64 years of age, by educational attainment and gender, 1970–2015

Year
Civilian labor force (thousands)
Percent distributionTotal
High school
CollegeLess than 4 years
4 years, no college
1 to 3 years
4 years or moreTotal1970
61,765
100.0
36.1
38.1
11.8
14.11971
62,344
100.0
34.5
38.4
12.3
14.81972
63,704
100.0
33.3
38.8
12.4
15.51973
64,775
100.0
30.9
39.7
13.0
16.41974
66,527
100.0
29.3
39.5
13.7
17.51975
67,774
100.0
27.5
39.7
14.4
18.31976
69,243
100.0
25.8
39.6
15.2
19.41977
71,324
100.0
24.9
39.2
15.7
20.21978
73,504
100.0
23.7
39.2
16.5
20.61979
75,781
100.0
21.8
39.5
17.3
21.31980
78,010
100.0
20.6
39.8
17.6
22.01981
80,273
100.0
19.7
40.6
17.7
22.01982
81,516
100.0
18.8
40.8
17.3
23.11983
83,615
100.0
17.8
39.9
18.1
24.21984
86,001
100.0
16.7
40.2
18.4
24.71985
88,424
100.0
15.9
40.2
19.0
24.91986
90,500
100.0
15.5
40.2
19.5
24.81987
92,966
100.0
14.9
40.2
19.7
25.31988
94,870
100.0
14.7
39.9
19.7
25.71989
97,318
100.0
14.0
39.6
20.0
26.41990
99,175
100.0
13.4
39.5
20.7
26.41991
100,480
100.0
13.0
39.4
21.1
26.5Women1970
22,462
100.0
33.5
44.3
10.9
11.21971
22,804
100.0
32.2
44.2
11.9
11.81972
23,606
100.0
30.7
45.1
11.8
12.41973
24,158
100.0
28.4
45.9
12.4
13.31974
25,203
100.0
26.7
45.3
13.4
14.61975
26,146
100.0
26.5
45.5
13.9
14.11976
27,166
100.0
24.0
45.1
14.7
16.21977
28,369
100.0
22.8
45.1
15.2
16.91978
29,738
100.0
22.0
44.9
16.1
17.01979
31,151
100.0
20.1
45.0
17.1
17.81980
32,593
100.0
18.4
45.4
17.4
18.71981
33,910
100.0
17.4
46.1
17.9
18.61982
34,870
100.0
16.6
45.6
18.3
19.51983
35,712
100.0
15.6
44.8
18.8
20.91984
37,234
100.0
14.5
44.9
18.9
21.71985
38,779
100.0
13.7
44.4
19.9
22.01986
39,767
100.0
13.2
44.3
20.3
22.21987
41,105
100.0
12.5
44.0
20.7
22.81988
42,254
100.0
12.4
43.3
21.2
23.11989
43,650
100.0
11.9
42.9
20.9
24.31990
44,699
100.0
11.3
42.4
21.9
24.51991
45,315
100.0
10.9
41.6
22.2
25.2Men1970
39,303
100.0
37.5
34.5
12.2
15.71971
39,539
100.0
35.9
35.1
12.5
16.51972
40,098
100.0
34.8
35.1
12.8
17.31973
40,617
100.0
32.4
36.0
13.4
18.21974
41,344
100.0
30.8
36.0
13.9
19.31975
41,628
100.0
28.9
36.1
14.8
20.21976
42,077
100.0
27.0
36.0
15.5
21.51977
42,954
100.0
26.3
35.3
16.1
22.31978
43,766
100.0
24.8
35.3
16.9
23.01979
44,630
100.0
23.0
35.7
17.5
23.81980
45,417
100.0
22.2
35.7
17.7
24.31981
46,363
100.0
21.5
36.5
17.4
24.61982
47,144
100.0
20.3
36.8
17.5
25.51983
47,903
100.0
19.4
36.3
17.7
26.61984
48,767
100.0
18.4
36.7
18.0
26.91985
49,647
100.0
17.7
36.9
18.3
27.11986
50,733
100.0
17.2
37.0
18.9
26.91987
51,860
100.0
16.8
37.1
18.9
27.21988
52,616
100.0
16.5
37.3
18.5
27.81989
53,668
100.0
15.7
36.9
19.2
28.21990
54,476
100.0
15.1
37.2
19.7
28.01991
55,165
100.0
14.7
37.5
20.2
27.6Note: Data from 1970–1991 are from the March Current Population Survey. The educational attainment categories for these years were based on the number of years of school completed. Data beginning in 1992 are annual averages, and the educational attainment categories are based on the highest diploma or degree received.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 9B. Percent distribution of the civilian labor force, 25 to 64 years of age, by educational attainment and gender, 1970–2015

Year
Civilian labor force (thousands)
Percent distributionTotal
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college1
Some college or associate's degree
Bachelor's degree and higher2Total1992
103,018
100.0
12.1
35.7
25.6
26.61993
104,237
100.0
11.3
35.1
26.6
27.01994
105,610
100.0
10.8
33.9
27.7
27.61995
107,032
100.0
10.4
33.2
28.1
28.31996
108,932
100.0
10.6
32.9
27.8
28.71997
110,945
100.0
10.6
32.9
27.5
29.01998
111,932
100.0
10.5
32.4
27.4
29.81999
113,095
100.0
10.0
31.8
27.6
30.52000
115,750
100.0
10.1
31.4
27.8
30.72001
116,893
100.0
10.1
30.9
28.0
31.02002
118,028
100.0
10.0
30.7
27.7
31.62003
119,621
100.0
9.9
30.3
27.6
32.12004
120,135
100.0
9.7
30.1
27.7
32.42005
121,752
100.0
9.8
29.9
27.8
32.52006
123,550
100.0
9.7
29.6
27.7
33.02007
125,104
100.0
9.3
29.2
27.7
33.82008
126,011
100.0
9.0
28.8
28.0
34.22009
126,247
100.0
9.0
28.6
28.0
34.42010
126,237
100.0
8.9
28.6
27.9
34.62011
125,508
100.0
8.7
28.0
28.0
35.32012
125,963
100.0
8.4
27.4
28.2
36.02013
125,892
100.0
8.2
27.1
28.0
36.72014
126,269
100.0
8.0
26.7
27.9
37.32015
127,106
100.0
8.1
25.9
27.7
38.2Women1992
46,589
100.0
10.3
37.4
27.3
25.01993
47,245
100.0
9.3
36.6
28.4
25.71994
48,405
100.0
9.0
35.0
29.8
26.21995
49,247
100.0
8.8
34.1
30.2
26.91996
50,240
100.0
8.8
33.6
29.9
27.81997
51,261
100.0
8.7
33.5
29.4
28.41998
51,678
100.0
8.8
32.7
29.4
29.21999
52,525
100.0
8.5
32.1
29.5
29.92000
53,749
100.0
8.5
31.6
29.8
30.12001
54,229
100.0
8.4
31.0
30.2
30.42002
54,710
100.0
8.1
30.6
29.9
31.32003
55,596
100.0
7.9
30.0
29.9
32.22004
55,616
100.0
7.7
29.4
30.2
32.62005
56,322
100.0
7.7
28.7
30.2
33.32006
57,201
100.0
7.6
28.3
30.2
33.92007
57,791
100.0
7.1
27.9
30.1
34.92008
58,465
100.0
6.9
27.2
30.4
35.62009
58,787
100.0
7.0
26.7
30.3
36.02010
58,808
100.0
6.8
26.4
30.3
36.42011
58,520
100.0
6.7
25.8
30.4
37.12012
59,031
100.0
6.5
25.0
30.4
38.12013
58,812
100.0
6.3
24.6
30.1
39.02014
58,983
100.0
6.1
24.1
29.8
40.02015
59,252
100.0
6.1
23.2
29.6
41.1Men1992
56,428
100.0
13.7
34.2
24.3
27.81993
56,992
100.0
12.9
33.9
25.1
28.11994
57,205
100.0
12.4
33.0
25.9
28.81995
57,784
100.0
11.8
32.4
26.3
29.41996
58,692
100.0
12.2
32.3
26.1
29.41997
59,684
100.0
12.2
32.4
25.9
29.61998
60,255
100.0
12.0
32.1
25.6
30.31999
60,570
100.0
11.4
31.6
26.0
31.02000
62,001
100.0
11.5
31.2
26.1
31.22001
62,664
100.0
11.5
30.9
26.2
31.42002
63,318
100.0
11.6
30.8
25.8
31.82003
64,025
100.0
11.7
30.6
25.6
32.12004
64,519
100.0
11.5
30.7
25.6
32.32005
65,430
100.0
11.5
30.9
25.7
31.92006
66,350
100.0
11.5
30.6
25.5
32.32007
67,313
100.0
11.2
30.4
25.6
32.92008
67,546
100.0
10.9
30.2
25.9
33.02009
67,460
100.0
10.8
30.3
25.9
33.02010
67,429
100.0
10.6
30.6
25.8
33.02011
66,989
100.0
10.4
30.0
26.0
33.72012
66,932
100.0
10.0
29.6
26.2
34.12013
67,081
100.0
9.8
29.2
26.2
34.72014
67,287
100.0
9.8
29.1
26.2
35.02015
67,853
100.0
9.9
28.4
26.0
35.71 Includes people with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2 Includes people with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.

Note: Data from 1970–1991 are from the March Current Population Survey. The educational attainment categories for these years were based on the number of years of school completed. Data beginning in 1992 are annual averages, and the educational attainment categories are based on the highest diploma or degree received.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 10. Employed people, by occupation and gender, 2014 and 2015 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Occupation and gender
Year2014
2015Number
Percent
Number
PercentTotalTotal, 16 years and older
146,305
100.0
148,834
100.0Management, professional, and related occupations
56,050
38.3
57,960
38.9Management, business, and financial operations occupations
23,171
15.8
24,108
16.2Professional and related occupations
32,879
22.5
33,852
22.7Service occupation
25,854
17.7
25,896
17.4Sales and office occupations
33,416
22.8
33,598
22.6Sales and related occupations
15,646
10.7
15,700
10.5Office and administrative support occupations
17,771
12.1
17,897
12.0Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
13,537
9.3
13,733
9.2Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
1,022
.7
1,073
.7Construction and extraction occupations
7,637
5.2
7,652
5.1Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
4,879
3.3
5,008
3.4Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
17,448
11.9
17,647
11.9Production occupations
8,438
5.8
8,522
5.7Transportation and material moving occupations
9,010
6.2
9,125
6.1WomenTotal, 16 years and older
68,613
100.0
69,703
100.0Management, professional, and related occupations
28,931
42.2
29,871
42.9Management, business, and financial operations occupations
10,129
14.8
10,519
15.1Professional and related occupations
18,801
27.4
19,351
27.8Service occupation
14,651
21.4
14,686
21.1Sales and office occupations
20,655
30.1
20,659
29.6Sales and related occupations
7,697
11.2
7,741
11.1Office and administrative support occupations
12,958
18.9
12,918
18.5Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
598
.9
642
.9Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
229
.3
260
.4Construction and extraction occupations
197
.3
207
.3Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
172
.3
175
.3Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
3,778
5.5
3,846
5.5Production occupations
2,364
3.4
2,452
3.5Transportation and material moving occupations
1,414
2.1
1,394
2.0MenTotal, 16 years and older
77,692
100.0
79,131
100.0Management, professional, and related occupations
27,119
34.9
28,090
35.5Management, business, and financial operations occupations
13,041
16.8
13,589
17.2Professional and related occupations
14,078
18.1
14,501
18.3Service occupation
11,203
14.4
11,209
14.2Sales and office occupations
12,761
16.4
12,939
16.4Sales and related occupations
7,948
10.2
7,960
10.1Office and administrative support occupations
4,813
6.2
4,980
6.3Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
12,939
16.7
13,091
16.5Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
792
1.0
813
1.0Construction and extraction occupations
7,440
9.6
7,445
9.4Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
4,707
6.1
4,833
6.1Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
13,670
17.6
13,801
17.4Production occupations
6,074
7.8
6,070
7.7Transportation and material moving occupations
7,596
9.8
7,731
9.8Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 11. Employed people, by detailed occupation, 2015 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Occupation
Total employed
Percent womenTotal, 16 years and older
148,834
46.8Management, professional, and related occupations
57,960
51.5Management, business, and financial operations occupations
24,108
43.6Management occupations
16,994
39.2Chief executives
1,517
27.9General and operations managers
899
27.6Legislators
13
–Advertising and promotions managers
67
53.6Marketing and sales managers
1,006
43.2Public relations and fundraising managers
61
59.2Administrative services managers
195
47.7Computer and information systems managers
652
27.2Financial managers
1,197
49.6Compensation and benefits managers
23
–Human resources managers
290
73.3Training and development managers
41
–Industrial production managers
280
18.3Purchasing managers
198
44.8Transportation, storage, and distribution managers
263
21.1Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers
1,052
23.9Construction managers
737
6.7Education administrators
928
65.7Architectural and engineering managers
110
7.4Food service managers
1,192
47.1Funeral service managers
15
–Gaming managers
23
–Lodging managers
159
53.5Medical and health services managers
636
73.7Natural sciences managers
25
–Postmasters and mail superintendents
24
–Property, real estate, and community association managers
685
50.9Social and community service managers
378
67.4Emergency management directors
10
–Managers, all other
4,315
34.3Business and financial operations occupations
7,114
54.3Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes
46
–Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products
10
–Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products
190
52.7Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products
280
49.7Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators
321
55.3Compliance officers
246
49.0Cost estimators
112
17.8Human resources workers
662
74.0Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists
68
73.0Training and development specialists
118
62.1Logisticians
117
40.9Management analysts
848
39.7Meeting, convention, and event planners
159
78.6Fundraisers
77
73.4Market research analysts and marketing specialists
261
58.8Business operations specialists, all other
213
56.7Accountants and auditors
1,732
59.7Appraisers and assessors of real estate
76
39.3Budget analysts
44
–Credit analysts
21
–Financial analysts
322
43.0Personal financial advisors
498
37.9Insurance underwriters
107
58.6Financial examiners
15
–Credit counselors and loan officers
332
54.6Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents
58
65.5Tax preparers
109
61.4Financial specialists, all other
71
54.6Professional and related occupations
33,852
57.2Computer and mathematical occupations
4,369
24.7Computer and information research scientists
24
–Computer systems analysts
552
34.2Information security analysts
70
19.7Computer programmers
480
21.0Software developers, applications and systems software
1,353
17.9Web developers
204
34.3Computer support specialists
475
26.4Database administrators
93
38.0Network and computer systems administrators
218
15.9Computer network architects
114
12.1Computer occupations, all other
547
24.3Actuaries
21
–Mathematicians
6
–Operations research analysts
123
50.7Statisticians
86
52.9Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations
4
–Architecture and engineering occupations
2,954
15.1Architects, except naval
203
25.7Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists
38
–Aerospace engineers
138
11.3Agricultural engineers
6
–Biomedical engineers
16
–Chemical engineers
84
14.7Civil engineers
360
12.6Computer hardware engineers
72
12.8Electrical and electronics engineers
302
12.5Environmental engineers
40
–Industrial engineers, including health and safety
214
20.2Marine engineers and naval architects
11
–Materials engineers
40
–Mechanical engineers
323
8.3Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers
15
–Nuclear engineers
6
–Petroleum engineers
44
–Engineers, all other
440
13.6Drafters
133
21.2Engineering technicians, except drafters
403
20.3Surveying and mapping technicians
65
5.2Life, physical, and social science occupations
1,404
46.6Agricultural and food scientists
25
–Biological scientists
86
42.6Conservation scientists and foresters
25
–Medical scientists
157
54.9Life scientists, all other
1
–Astronomers and physicists
19
–Atmospheric and space scientists
12
–Chemists and materials scientists
99
36.1Environmental scientists and geoscientists
92
27.5Physical scientists, all other
232
41.4Economists
34
–Survey researchers
0
–Psychologists
193
70.3Sociologists
1
–Urban and regional planners
25
–Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers
45
–Agricultural and food science technicians
25
–Biological technicians
18
–Chemical technicians
82
40.0Geological and petroleum technicians
21
–Nuclear technicians
3
–Social science research assistants
4
–Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians
203
53.9Community and social service occupations
2,596
65.3Counselors
802
71.4Social workers
765
83.8Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists
99
55.4Social and human service assistants
194
82.6Miscellaneous community and social service specialists, including health educators and community health workers
117
70.8Clergy
469
20.6Directors, religious activities and education
78
57.8Religious workers, all other
73
59.0Legal occupations
1,803
50.2Lawyers
1,160
34.5Judicial law clerks
13
–Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers
58
39.0Paralegals and legal assistants
400
85.4Miscellaneous legal support workers
172
76.4Education, training, and library occupations
8,908
73.4Postsecondary teachers
1,341
46.5Preschool and kindergarten teachers
695
96.8Elementary and middle school teachers
3,152
80.7Secondary school teachers
1,144
59.2Special education teachers
330
87.5Other teachers and instructors
876
62.3Archivists, curators, and museum technicians
53
60.1Librarians
166
83.0Library technicians
31
–Teacher assistants
960
91.4Other education, training, and library workers
161
73.7Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
3,051
47.6Artists and related workers
222
56.9Designers
899
54.9Actors
49
–Producers and directors
169
36.9Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers
296
36.1Dancers and choreographers
19
–Musicians, singers, and related workers
202
34.5Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other
41
–Announcers
55
16.5News analysts, reporters and correspondents
68
46.7Public relations specialists
147
61.3Editors
160
51.0Technical writers
68
58.2Writers and authors
208
59.4Miscellaneous media and communication workers
84
67.9Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators
119
9.2Photographers
180
49.9Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors
64
14.8Media and communication equipment workers, all other
2
–Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
8,766
75.1Chiropractors
75
29.5Dentists
196
25.9Dietitians and nutritionists
108
94.6Optometrists
39
–Pharmacists
282
57.0Physicians and surgeons
1,007
37.9Physician assistants
74
72.6Podiatrists
15
–Audiologists
16
–Occupational therapists
116
88.0Physical therapists
274
72.1Radiation therapists
13
–Recreational therapists
11
–Respiratory therapists
108
66.8Speech-language pathologists
158
98.6Exercise physiologists
5
–Therapists, all other
189
80.9Veterinarians
90
60.5Registered nurses
2,973
89.4Nurse anesthetists
27
–Nurse midwives
7
–Nurse practitioners
149
90.8Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other
17
–Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians
327
76.1Dental hygienists
177
96.4Diagnostic related technologists and technicians
322
73.7Emergency medical technicians and paramedics
220
32.9Health practitioner support technologists and technicians
626
81.5Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses
670
90.1Medical records and health information technicians
200
89.6Opticians, dispensing
52
60.4Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians
117
67.5Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
108
52.7Service occupations
25,896
56.7Healthcare support occupations
3,514
87.6Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides
2,032
89.4Occupational therapy assistants and aides
23
–Physical therapist assistants and aides
68
67.7Massage therapists
189
77.9Dental assistants
286
94.1Medical assistants
524
90.7Medical transcriptionists
42
–Pharmacy aides
36
–Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers
38
–Phlebotomists
106
84.1Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations, including medical equipment preparers
170
69.6Protective service occupations
3,109
21.3First-line supervisors of correctional officers
52
31.4First-line supervisors of police and detectives
110
12.8First-line supervisors of fire fighting and prevention workers
49
–First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other
81
23.2Firefighters
293
5.9Fire inspectors
19
–Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers
443
23.8Detectives and criminal investigators
144
27.2Fish and game wardens
6
–Parking enforcement workers
10
–Police and sheriff’s patrol officers
688
13.6Transit and railroad police
1
–Animal control workers
5
–Private detectives and investigators
100
38.4Security guards and gaming surveillance officers
869
22.0Crossing guards
57
59.8Transportation security screeners
38
–Lifeguards and other recreational, and all other protective service workers
144
43.7Food preparation and serving related occupations
8,142
54.5Chefs and head cooks
415
19.6First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers
527
57.4Cooks
2,091
39.9Food preparation workers
858
59.1Bartenders
451
59.8Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food
420
63.4Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop
233
66.7Waiters and waitresses
2,057
70.1Food servers, nonrestaurant
190
70.9Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers
321
44.2Dishwashers
281
21.3Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop
293
82.1Food preparation and serving related workers, all other
5
–Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
5,716
41.1First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers
293
40.6First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers
215
6.6Janitors and building cleaners
2,263
34.3Maids and housekeeping cleaners
1,510
89.3Pest control workers
85
4.7Grounds maintenance workers
1,349
6.4Personal care and service occupations
5,415
76.8First-line supervisors of gaming workers
168
46.6First-line supervisors of personal service workers
185
71.0Animal trainers
54
50.9Nonfarm animal caretakers
252
67.9Gaming services workers
89
52.2Motion picture projectionists
6
–Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers
44
–Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers
221
39.2Embalmers and funeral attendants
9
–Morticians, undertakers, and funeral directors
35
–Barbers
116
22.1Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists
707
94.2Miscellaneous personal appearance workers
324
85.3Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges
76
16.1Tour and travel guides
54
54.3Childcare workers
1,206
94.9Personal care aides
1,251
85.1Recreation and fitness workers
429
61.6Residential advisors
38
–Personal care and service workers, all other
149
49.8Sales and office occupations
33,598
61.5Sales and related occupations
15,700
49.3First-line supervisors of retail sales workers
3,245
44.0First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers
1,242
28.7Cashiers
3,246
72.5Counter and rental clerks
109
50.9Parts salespersons
124
12.4Retail salespersons
3,346
49.4Advertising sales agents
200
49.7Insurance sales agents
615
51.2Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents
258
26.2Travel agents
89
75.9Sales representatives, services, all other
479
34.8Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing
1,281
27.9Models, demonstrators, and product promoters
68
70.7Real estate brokers and sales agents
906
55.5Sales engineers
42
–Telemarketers
60
64.3Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers
156
67.0Sales and related workers, all others
236
46.8Office and administrative support occupations
17,897
72.2First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers
1,474
68.3Switchboard operators, including answering service
16
–Telephone operators
34
–Communications equipment operators, all other
5
–Bill and account collectors
168
68.3Billing and posting clerks
473
90.1Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks
1,182
89.8Gaming cage workers
14
–Payroll and timekeeping clerks
138
89.3Procurement clerks
40
–Tellers
357
87.3Financial clerks, all other
69
63.3Brokerage clerks
3
–Correspondence clerks
3
–Court, municipal, and license clerks
71
87.0Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks
52
72.9Customer service representatives
2,271
65.1Eligibility interviewers, government programs
74
77.3File clerks
203
82.2Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks
156
59.5Interviewers, except eligibility and loan
151
83.2Library assistants, clerical
98
77.3Loan interviewers and clerks
139
83.5New accounts clerks
26
–Order clerks
84
65.6Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping
59
82.9Receptionists and information clerks
1,232
90.6Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks
111
61.3Information and record clerks, all other
127
76.9Cargo and freight agents
21
–Couriers and messengers
235
14.3Dispatchers
277
56.3Meter readers, utilities
41
–Postal service clerks
130
46.0Postal service mail carriers
320
41.2Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators
64
50.0Production, planning, and expediting clerks
286
55.0Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks
575
29.5Stock clerks and order fillers
1,529
35.8Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping
72
57.8Secretaries and administrative assistants
2,870
94.5Computer operators
69
46.8Data entry keyers
281
74.3Word processors and typists
103
92.1Desktop publishers
1
–Insurance claims and policy processing clerks
287
77.1Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service
81
59.4Office clerks, general
1,288
82.3Office machine operators, except computer
37
–Proofreaders and copy markers
8
–Statistical assistants
17
–Office and administrative support workers, all other
477
77.4Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
13,733
4.7Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
1,073
24.2First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers
54
21.2Agricultural inspectors
18
–Animal breeders
8
–Graders and sorters, agricultural products
97
61.7Miscellaneous agricultural workers
789
21.9Fishers and related fishing workers
39
–Hunters and trappers
0
–Forest and conservation workers
18
–Logging workers
51
2.8Construction and extraction occupations
7,652
2.7First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers
712
3.3Boilermakers
20
–Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons
172
.7Carpenters
1,281
1.8Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers
156
1.7Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers
54
.2Construction laborers
1,649
2.9Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators
12
–Pile-driver operators
2
–Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators
357
1.9Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers
151
1.6Electricians
773
2.3Glaziers
47
–Insulation workers
49
–Painters, construction and maintenance
572
5.7Paperhangers
1
–Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters
573
.7Plasterers and stucco masons
28
–Reinforcing iron and rebar workers
10
–Roofers
221
2.3Sheet metal workers
122
4.5Structural iron and steel workers
58
2.2Solar photovoltaic installers
11
–Helpers, construction trades
52
1.3Construction and building inspectors
90
9.9Elevator installers and repairers
30
–Fence erectors
34
–Hazardous materials removal workers
42
–Highway maintenance workers
103
2.0Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators
11
–Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners
12
–Miscellaneous construction and related workers
32
–Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining
34
–Earth drillers, except oil and gas
29
–Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters
9
–Mining machine operators
67
2.5Roof bolters, mining
2
–Roustabouts, oil and gas
9
–Helpers--extraction workers
4
–Other extraction workers
64
3.8Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
5,008
3.5First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers
262
6.1Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers
241
13.2Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers
158
8.5Avionics technicians
5
–Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers
23
–Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment
1
–Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility
20
–Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles
18
–Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers
38
–Security and fire alarm systems installers
74
3.8Aircraft mechanics and service technicians
140
5.2Automotive body and related repairers
154
.6Automotive glass installers and repairers
22
–Automotive service technicians and mechanics
924
1.5Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists
345
.1Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics
233
.0Small engine mechanics
54
3.1Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers
81
1.9Control and valve installers and repairers
29
–Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers
408
1.7Home appliance repairers
53
3.8Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics
425
3.6Maintenance and repair workers, general
527
3.2Maintenance workers, machinery
29
–Millwrights
57
3.3Electrical power-line installers and repairers
119
1.2Telecommunications line installers and repairers
177
6.0Precision instrument and equipment repairers
66
4.8Wind turbine service technicians
4
–Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers
48
–Commercial divers
1
–Locksmiths and safe repairers
21
–Manufactured building and mobile home installers
5
–Riggers
10
–Signal and track switch repairers
8
–Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers
28
–Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers
200
5.8Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
17,647
21.8Production occupations
8,522
28.8First-line supervisors of production and operating workers
817
18.6Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers
14
–Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers
133
51.4Engine and other machine assemblers
11
–Structural metal fabricators and fitters
32
–Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators
1,026
38.6Bakers
231
60.8Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers
302
25.7Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders
14
–Food batchmakers
101
72.3Food cooking machine operators and tenders
13
–Food processing workers, all other
135
34.2Computer control programmers and operators
88
3.9Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
9
–Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
8
–Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
15
–Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
82
21.6Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and and plastic
5
–Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
51
10.3Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
11
–Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
0
–Machinists
363
6.7Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters
30
–Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic
5
–Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
46
–Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
1
–Tool and die makers
47
–Welding, soldering, and brazing workers
615
4.2Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
5
–Layout workers, metal and plastic
5
–Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
23
–Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners
6
–Metal workers and plastic workers, all other
376
22.5Prepress technicians and workers
22
–Printing press operators
180
20.0Print binding and finishing workers
20
–Laundry and dry-cleaning workers
192
60.8Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials
34
–Sewing machine operators
196
74.8Shoe and leather workers and repairers
7
–Shoe machine operators and tenders
2
–Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers
83
82.2Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders
3
–Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders
9
–Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders
9
–Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders
9
–Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers
0
–Fabric and apparel patternmakers
4
–Upholsterers
40
–Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other
16
–Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters
60
7.9Furniture finishers
15
–Model makers and patternmakers, wood
1
–Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood
29
–Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing
24
–Woodworkers, all other
31
–Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers
33
–Stationary engineers and boiler operators
81
3.4Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators
89
4.4Miscellaneous plant and system operators
36
–Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders
63
13.0Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers
86
11.0Cutting workers
64
16.7Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders
28
–Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders
7
–Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers
752
37.3Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers
44
–Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians
110
48.6Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders
250
49.9Painting workers
151
12.9Photographic process workers and processing machine operators
33
–Semiconductor processors
1
–Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders
11
–Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders
4
–Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders
4
–Etchers and engravers
19
–Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic
27
–Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders
30
–Tire builders
10
–Helpers--production workers
40
–Production workers, all other
944
25.5Transportation and material moving occupations
9,125
15.3Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers
205
18.1Aircraft pilots and flight engineers
140
9.4Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists
30
–Flight attendants
86
74.9Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians
19
–Bus drivers
550
47.1Driver/sales workers and truck drivers
3,469
5.1Taxi drivers and chauffeurs
446
14.6Motor vehicle operators, all other
51
9.4Locomotive engineers and operators
50
3.5Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators
6
–Railroad conductors and yardmasters
52
7.7Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation workers
15
–Sailors and marine oilers
11
–Ship and boat captains and operators
35
–Ship engineers
6
–Bridge and lock tenders
5
–Parking lot attendants
91
10.0Automotive and watercraft service attendants
99
11.0Transportation inspectors
29
–Transportation attendants, except flight attendants
22
–Other transportation workers
43
–Conveyor operators and tenders
7
–Crane and tower operators
76
3.4Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators
35
–Hoist and winch operators
6
–Industrial truck and tractor operators
589
7.1Cleaners of vehicles and equipment
338
11.1Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand
1,908
17.6Machine feeders and offbearers
33
–Packers and packagers, hand
505
51.9Pumping station operators
23
–Refuse and recyclable material collectors
97
10.4Mine shuttle car operators
1
–Tank car, truck, and ship loaders
5
–Material moving workers, all other
43
–Note: Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 50,000).

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 12. Employed women, by occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2015 annual averages (Percent distribution)

Occupation
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicityTotal, 16 years and older (thousands)
54,052
9,308
4,086
10,289Percent
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0Management, professional, and related occupations
44.0
35.2
50.2
26.6Management, business, and financial operations occupations
15.6
11.7
17.5
9.7Professional and related occupations
28.4
23.6
32.6
16.9Service occupations
19.8
27.7
20.0
31.8Sales and office occupations
30.1
29.2
23.2
30.4Sales and related occupations
11.2
10.7
10.2
12.2Office and administrative support occupations
18.9
18.5
13.0
18.2Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
1.0
.6
.4
2.0Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
.4
.1
.2
1.2Construction and extraction occupations
.3
.2
.1
.6Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
.3
.2
.2
.3Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
5.1
7.3
6.2
9.1Production occupations
3.2
4.1
5.4
5.9Transportation and material moving occupations
1.9
3.2
0.8
3.2Note: Women whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 13. Employed people, by industry and gender, 2014 and 2015 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Industry and gender
Year2014
2015Number
Percent
Number
PercentTotalTotal, 16 years and older
146,305
100.0
148,834
100.0Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
2,237
1.5
2,422
1.6Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
1,088
.7
917
.6Construction
9,813
6.7
9,935
6.7Manufacturing
15,100
10.3
15,338
10.3Durable goods
9,542
6.5
9,709
6.5Nondurable goods
5,559
3.8
5,629
3.8Wholesale and retail trade
20,251
13.8
20,320
13.7Wholesale trade
3,642
2.5
3,635
2.4Retail trade
16,609
11.4
16,686
11.2Transportation and utilities
7,581
5.2
7,726
5.2Transportation and warehousing
6,377
4.4
6,459
4.3Utilities
1,204
.8
1,267
.9Information
3,115
2.1
2,988
2.0Financial activities
9,871
6.7
10,087
6.8Finance and insurance
6,956
4.8
7,081
4.8Real estate and rental and leasing
2,915
2.0
3,005
2.0Professional and business services
17,004
11.6
17,409
11.7Professional and technical services
10,327
7.1
10,625
7.1Management, administrative, and waste services
6,677
4.6
6,784
4.6Education and health services
32,830
22.4
33,678
22.6Educational services
13,253
9.1
13,601
9.1Health care and social assistance
19,577
13.4
20,077
13.5Hospitals
6,586
4.5
6,698
4.5Health services, except hospitals
9,930
6.8
10,165
6.8Social assistance
3,060
2.1
3,213
2.2Leisure and hospitality
13,489
9.2
13,821
9.3Arts, entertainment, and recreation
3,082
2.1
3,184
2.1Accommodation and food services
10,407
7.1
10,637
7.1Other services
7,169
4.9
7,264
4.9Other services, except private households
6,349
4.3
6,466
4.3Private households
820
.6
798
.5Public administration
6,757
4.6
6,928
4.7WomenTotal, 16 years and older
68,613
100.0
69,703
100.0Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
552
.8
597
.9Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
145
.2
120
.2Construction
872
1.3
929
1.3Manufacturing
4,420
6.4
4,456
6.4Durable goods
2,407
3.5
2,384
3.4Nondurable goods
2,014
2.9
2,073
3.0Wholesale and retail trade
9,113
13.3
9,098
13.1Wholesale trade
1,099
1.6
1,071
1.5Retail trade
8,013
11.7
8,027
11.5Transportation and utilities
1,744
2.5
1,749
2.5Transportation and warehousing
1,470
2.1
1,466
2.1Utilities
274
.4
283
.4Information
1,209
1.8
1,169
1.7Financial activities
5,254
7.7
5,345
7.7Finance and insurance
3,906
5.7
3,942
5.7Real estate and rental and leasing
1,348
2.0
1,403
2.0Professional and business services
7,012
10.2
7,149
10.3Professional and technical services
4,396
6.4
4,469
6.4Management, administrative, and waste services
2,616
3.8
2,680
3.8Education and health services
24,507
35.7
25,125
36.0Educational services
9,129
13.3
9,373
13.4Health care and social assistance
15,379
22.4
15,752
22.6Hospitals
4,979
7.3
5,055
7.3Health services, except hospitals
7,805
11.4
7,974
11.4Social assistance
2,594
3.8
2,723
3.9Leisure and hospitality
6,934
10.1
7,066
10.1Arts, entertainment, and recreation
1,440
2.1
1,466
2.1Accommodation and food services
5,493
8.0
5,599
8.0Other services
3,785
5.5
3,764
5.4Other services, except private households
3,028
4.4
3,023
4.3Private households
757
1.1
741
1.1Public administration
3,066
4.5
3,136
4.5MenTotal, 16 years and older
77,692
100.0
79,131
100.0Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
1,685
2.2
1,826
2.3Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
943
1.2
798
1.0Construction
8,941
11.5
9,006
11.4Manufacturing
10,680
13.7
10,882
13.8Durable goods
7,135
9.2
7,325
9.3Nondurable goods
3,545
4.6
3,556
4.5Wholesale and retail trade
11,138
14.3
11,222
14.2Wholesale trade
2,542
3.3
2,564
3.2Retail trade
8,595
11.1
8,659
10.9Transportation and utilities
5,838
7.5
5,977
7.6Transportation and warehousing
4,907
6.3
4,993
6.3Utilities
930
1.2
983
1.2Information
1,906
2.5
1,819
2.3Financial activities
4,617
5.9
4,742
6.0Finance and insurance
3,050
3.9
3,139
4.0Real estate and rental and leasing
1,567
2.0
1,602
2.0Professional and business services
9,992
12.9
10,259
13.0Professional and technical services
5,932
7.6
6,156
7.8Management, administrative, and waste services
4,061
5.2
4,103
5.2Education and health services
8,322
10.7
8,553
10.8Educational services
4,124
5.3
4,229
5.3Health care and social assistance
4,198
5.4
4,325
5.5Hospitals
1,607
2.1
1,643
2.1Health services, except hospitals
2,125
2.7
2,191
2.8Social assistance
466
0.6
490
0.6Leisure and hospitality
6,555
8.4
6,755
8.5Arts, entertainment, and recreation
1,642
2.1
1,717
2.2Accommodation and food services
4,914
6.3
5,038
6.4Other services
3,384
4.4
3,500
4.4Other services, except private households
3,321
4.3
3,443
4.4Private households
64
.1
58
.1Public administration
3,691
4.8
3,792
4.8Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 14. Employed people, by detailed industry, 2015 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Industry
Total employed
Percent womenTotal, 16 years and older
148,834
46.8Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
2,422
24.6Crop production
1,219
23.7Animal production and aquaculture
847
26.2Forestry, except logging
49
–Logging
83
3.5Fishing, hunting, and trapping
56
11.6Support activities for agriculture and forestry
168
35.7Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
917
13.1Oil and gas extraction
103
18.3Coal mining
68
5.2Metal ore mining
45
–Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying
86
10.6Not specified type of mining
7
–Support activities for mining
609
13.2Construction
9,935
9.3Manufacturing
15,338
29.1Durable goods
9,709
24.6Nonmetallic mineral products
456
18.3Pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixture manufacturing
23
–Clay building material and refractories manufacturing
24
–Glass and glass product manufacturing
148
21.4Cement, concrete, lime, and gypsum product manufacturing
180
10.7Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing
82
18.2Primary metals and fabricated metal products manufacturing
1,726
18.2Iron and steel mills and steel product manufacturing
303
11.0Aluminum production and processing
68
20.7Nonferrous metal, except aluminum, production and processing
60
22.5Foundries
88
12.4Metal forgings and stampings
64
22.0Cutlery and hand tool manufacturing
39
–Structural metals and boiler, tank and shipping container manufacturing
375
19.0Machine shops; turned products; screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing
300
15.7Coating, engraving, heat treating and allied activities
67
17.1Ordnance
49
–Miscellaneous fabricated metal products manufacturing
283
23.0Not specified metal industries
30
–Machinery manufacturing
1,270
20.8Agricultural implement manufacturing
132
22.0Construction, and mining and oil and gas field machinery manufacturing
203
17.7Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing
72
27.5Metalworking machinery manufacturing
138
15.3Engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment manufacturing
61
22.2Machinery manufacturing, n.e.c.
654
21.9Not specified machinery manufacturing
10
–Computers and electronic products manufacturing
1,171
30.7Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing
212
30.2Communications, and audio and video equipment manufacturing
127
23.1Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing
220
31.7Electronic component and product manufacturing, n.e.c.
612
32.1Electrical equipment and appliances manufacturing
377
31.3Household appliance manufacturing
87
33.2Electrical lighting and electrical equipment manufacturing, and other electrical component manufacturing, n.e.c.
290
30.7Transportation equipment manufacturing
2,366
24.5Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment manufacturing
1,284
26.7Aircraft and parts manufacturing
734
23.4Aerospace product and parts manufacturing
102
19.7Railroad rolling stock manufacturing
39
–Ship and boat building
157
15.0Other transportation equipment manufacturing
50
29.5Wood products manufacturing
411
12.7Sawmills and wood preservation
119
5.2Veneer, plywood, and engineered wood products
45
–Prefabricated wood buildings and mobile homes
37
–Miscellaneous wood products
209
14.7Furniture and fixtures manufacturing
425
24.2Miscellaneous manufacturing
1,507
33.9Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing
585
36.9Sporting and athletic goods, and doll, toy and game manufacturing
110
32.6Miscellaneous manufacturing, n.e.c.
531
33.6Not specified manufacturing industries
281
28.8Nondurable goods manufacturing
5,629
36.8Food manufacturing
1,753
39.7Animal food, grain, and oilseed milling
142
29.7Sugar and confectionery products
80
45.0Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty food manufacturing
173
32.0Dairy product manufacturing
136
30.1Animal slaughtering and processing
510
36.3Retail bakeries
256
65.4Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing, except retail bakeries
199
37.5Seafood and other miscellaneous foods, n.e.c.
201
36.4Not specified food industries
54
38.7Beverages and tobacco products manufacturing
282
28.2Beverage manufacturing
254
25.6Tobacco manufacturing
28
–Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing
627
53.8Fiber, yarn, and thread mills
14
–Fabric mills, except knitting mills
109
41.4Textile and fabric finishing and coating mills
13
–Carpet and rug mills
77
40.5Textile product mills, except carpet and rug
88
49.2Knitting fabric mills, and apparel knitting mills
16
–Cut and sew apparel manufacturing
247
67.3Apparel accessories and other apparel manufacturing
7
–Footwear manufacturing
41
–Leather tanning and finishing and other allied products manufacturing
16
–Paper manufacturing and printing
890
29.6Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills
206
12.6Paperboard container manufacturing
92
29.9Miscellaneous paper and pulp products
83
26.9Printing and related support activities
509
36.9Petroleum and coal products manufacturing
206
21.6Petroleum refining
183
22.1Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products
24
–Chemicals manufacturing
1,367
37.0Resin, synthetic rubber and fibers, and filaments manufacturing
162
29.5Agricultural chemical manufacturing
37
–Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing
521
49.2Paint, coating, and adhesive manufacturing
71
21.6Soap, cleaning compound, and cosmetics manufacturing
146
45.6Industrial and miscellaneous chemicals
430
24.7Plastics and rubber products manufacturing
504
28.9Plastics product manufacturing
372
30.7Tire manufacturing
56
11.9Rubber product, except tire, manufacturing
76
33.0Wholesale and retail trade
20,320
44.8Wholesale trade
3,635
29.5Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies merchant wholesalers
162
20.5Furniture and home furnishing merchant wholesalers
79
34.1Lumber and other construction materials merchant wholesalers
171
17.5Professional and commercial equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers
338
33.7Metals and minerals, except petroleum merchant wholesalers
53
24.8Household appliances and electrical and electronic goods merchant wholesalers
217
28.1Hardware, plumbing and heating equipment, and supplies merchant wholesalers
139
23.3Machinery, equipment, and supplies merchant wholesalers
368
24.3Recyclable material merchant wholesalers
102
13.9Miscellaneous durable goods merchant wholesalers
97
44.4Paper and paper products merchant wholesalers
54
32.6Drugs, sundries, and chemical and allied products merchant wholesalers
226
45.2Apparel, piece goods, and notions merchant wholesalers
121
46.2Grocery and related product merchant wholesalers
842
27.0Farm product raw materials merchant wholesalers
73
25.3Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers
108
30.0Alcoholic beverages merchant wholesalers
116
20.5Farm supplies merchant wholesalers
61
31.2Miscellaneous nondurable goods merchant wholesalers
184
40.9Wholesale electronic markets and agents and brokers
66
39.9Not specified wholesale trade
57
27.5Retail trade
16,686
48.1Automobile dealers
1,321
21.2Other motor vehicle dealers
153
19.9Automotive parts, accessories, and tire stores
530
13.8Furniture and home furnishings stores
554
43.7Household appliance stores
65
21.7Electronics stores
588
31.0Building material and supplies dealers
982
30.1Hardware stores
199
34.9Lawn and garden equipment and supplies stores
267
27.9Grocery stores
2,784
48.5Specialty food stores
249
47.0Beer, wine, and liquor stores
137
31.0Pharmacies and drug stores
913
66.2Health and personal care, except drug, stores
395
68.0Gasoline stations
533
50.7Clothing stores
1,055
73.7Shoe stores
177
51.5Jewelry, luggage, and leather goods stores
183
64.5Sporting goods, and hobby and toy stores
499
42.3Sewing, needlework, and piece goods stores
63
66.6Musical instrument and supplies stores
43
–Book stores and news dealers
112
64.5Department stores and discount stores
2,090
60.4Miscellaneous general merchandise stores
569
60.2Retail florists
100
63.9Office supplies and stationery stores
153
39.7Used merchandise stores
272
63.3Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
108
77.5Miscellaneous retail stores
472
51.8Electronic shopping
285
44.1Electronic auctions
29
–Mail-order houses
85
65.2Vending machine operators
57
22.7Fuel dealers
83
25.4Other direct selling establishments
171
73.8Not specified retail trade
407
50.7Transportation and utilities
7,726
22.6Transportation and warehousing
6,459
22.7Air transportation
539
33.7Rail transportation
246
6.6Water transportation
68
25.9Truck transportation
2,018
11.4Bus service and urban transit
481
39.3Taxi and limousine service
337
12.6Pipeline transportation
49
–Scenic and sightseeing transportation
31
–Services incidental to transportation
819
26.8Postal Service
658
40.9Couriers and messengers
748
17.7Warehousing and storage
465
32.0Utilities
1,267
22.4Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution
661
22.1Natural gas distribution
128
26.4Electric and gas, and other combinations
85
28.9Water, steam, air-conditioning, and irrigation systems
270
20.4Sewage treatment facilities
92
11.1Not specified utilities
31
–Information
2,988
39.1Newspaper publishers
191
51.2Periodical, book, and directory publishers
264
55.3Software publishers
91
30.3Motion pictures and video industries
398
39.0Sound recording industries
53
28.4Radio and television broadcasting and cable subscription programming
593
29.3Internet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals
114
33.0Wired telecommunications carriers
502
31.5Other telecommunications services
430
34.3Data processing, hosting, and related services
104
42.0Libraries and archives
196
76.5Other information services
50
32.6Financial activities
10,087
53.0Finance and insurance
7,081
55.7Banking and related activities
2,051
61.9Savings institutions, including credit unions
220
68.6Nondepository credit and related activities
998
50.6Securities, commodities, funds, trusts, and other financial investments
1,082
36.5Insurance carriers and related activities
2,730
59.4Real estate and rental and leasing
3,005
46.7Real estate
2,617
49.3Rental and leasing services
389
28.9Automotive equipment rental and leasing
174
29.9Video tape and disk rental
11
–Other consumer goods rental
92
32.5Commercial, industrial, and other intangible assets rental and leasing
111
20.8Professional and business services
17,409
41.1Professional and technical services
10,625
42.1Legal services
1,595
54.0Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services
1,095
59.0Architectural, engineering, and related services
1,521
24.8Specialized design services
395
55.5Computer systems design and related services
2,542
25.6Management, scientific, and technical consulting services
1,554
42.9Scientific research and development services
572
45.7Advertising, public relations, and related services
559
49.0Veterinary services
349
80.7Other professional, scientific, and technical services
443
52.4Management, administrative, and waste services
6,784
39.5Management of companies and enterprises
193
49.0Employment services
978
53.2Business support services
803
63.8Travel arrangement and reservation services
299
60.9Investigation and security services
782
24.1Services to buildings and dwellings
1,518
54.0Landscaping services
1,356
8.4Other administrative and other support services
300
48.6Waste management and remediation services
552
18.6Education and health services
33,678
74.6Educational services
13,601
68.9Elementary and secondary schools
8,892
75.4Colleges, universities, and professional schools, including junior colleges
3,792
55.1Business, technical, and trade schools and training
107
53.2Other schools and instruction, and educational support services
811
64.0Health care and social assistance
20,077
78.5Hospitals
6,698
75.5Health services, except hospitals
10,165
78.4Offices of physicians
1,678
75.9Offices of dentists
895
78.5Offices of chiropractors
152
65.9Offices of optometrists
141
78.2Offices of other health practitioners
334
77.6Outpatient care centers
1,623
76.8Home health care services
1,379
89.2Other health care services
1,331
68.0Nursing care facilities (skilled nursing facilities)
1,830
84.9Residential care facilities, except skilled nursing facilities
802
73.8Social assistance
3,213
84.8Individual and family services
1,493
78.6Community food and housing, and emergency services
113
65.6Vocational rehabilitation services
115
63.6Child day care services
1,492
94.0Leisure and hospitality
13,821
51.1Arts, entertainment, and recreation
3,184
46.1Independent artists, performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries
879
43.0Museums, art galleries, historical sites, and similar institutions
353
46.7Bowling centers
39
–Other amusement, gambling, and recreation industries
1,913
47.4Accommodation and food services
10,637
52.6Accommodation
1,571
57.5Traveler accommodation
1,481
57.7Recreational vehicle parks and camps, and rooming and boarding houses
91
53.1Food services and drinking places
9,066
51.8Restaurants and other food services
8,835
51.8Drinking places, alcoholic beverages
231
52.4Other services
7,264
51.8Other services, except private households
6,466
46.8Repair and maintenance
2,113
10.9Automotive repair and maintenance
1,275
7.3Car washes
167
12.4Electronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance
141
22.6Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance
328
6.7Personal and household goods repair and maintenance
200
31.0Footwear and leather goods repair
1
–Personal and laundry services
2,333
71.7Barber shops
115
22.6Beauty salons
908
91.9Nail salons and other personal care services
496
73.2Drycleaning and laundry services
255
62.4Funeral homes and cemeteries and crematories
129
35.3Other personal services
429
56.9Membership associations and organizations
2,020
55.4Religious organizations
1,093
46.8Civic, social, advocacy organizations, and grantmaking and giving services
717
67.0Labor unions
66
42.2Business, professional, political, and similar organizations
144
68.8Private households
798
92.8Public administration
6,928
45.3Executive offices and legislative bodies
1,000
53.4Public finance activities
322
62.9Other general government and support
138
36.2Justice, public order, and safety activities
2,856
34.1Administration of human resource programs
1,000
72.6Administration of environmental quality and housing programs
260
43.2Administration of economic programs and space research
554
43.4National security and international affairs
799
37.2n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified

Note: Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 15. Employed women, by industry, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2015 annual averages (Percent distribution)

Industry
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicityTotal, 16 years and older (thousands)
54,052
9,308
4,086
10,289Percent
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0Agriculture and related industries
1.0
0.1
0.1
1.2Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
.2
.1
.1
.1Construction
1.5
.6
.6
1.4Manufacturing
6.3
5.5
9.5
7.5Durable goods manufacturing
3.4
2.8
5.5
3.2Nondurable goods manufacturing
3.0
2.7
4.0
4.2Wholesale and retail trade
13.2
11.9
12.4
14.8Wholesale trade
1.6
.9
1.7
1.9Retail trade
11.6
11.0
10.7
12.9Transportation and utilities
2.3
4.0
1.5
2.8Transportation and warehousing
1.9
3.6
1.2
2.5Utilities
.4
.4
.3
.3Information
1.6
1.7
2.1
1.1Financial activities
7.9
6.4
7.9
6.2Finance and insurance
5.7
5.1
6.5
4.4Real estate and rental and leasing
2.2
1.3
1.4
1.8Professional and business services
10.6
7.9
12.3
11.2Professional and technical services
6.7
3.5
9.8
4.2Management, administrative, and waste services
3.8
4.4
2.4
7.0Education and health services
35.7
41.4
31.5
28.9Educational services
14.3
11.3
8.9
9.8Health care and social assistance
21.3
30.1
22.6
19.1Hospitals
7.0
8.2
8.9
4.7Health services, except hospitals
10.6
16.2
11.1
10.0Social assistance
3.7
5.6
2.6
4.4Leisure and hospitality
10.0
9.7
10.7
14.4Arts, entertainment, and recreation
2.2
1.4
2.0
1.7Accommodation and food services
7.8
8.3
8.6
12.7Other services
5.5
3.9
7.6
6.6Other services, except private households
4.4
3.2
6.9
3.8Private households
1.1
.7
.8
2.8Public administration
4.1
6.8
3.7
3.9Note: Women whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and gender, 1979–2015 annual averages

Year and gender
Total
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicityTotal1979
$241
$248
$199
-
$1941980
262
269
212
-
2091981
284
291
235
-
2231982
302
310
245
-
2401983
313
320
261
-
2501984
326
336
269
-
2591985
344
356
277
-
2701986
359
371
291
-
2771987
374
384
301
-
2851988
385
395
314
-
2901989
399
409
319
-
2981990
412
424
329
-
3041991
426
442
348
-
3121992
440
458
357
-
3211993
459
475
369
-
3311994
467
484
371
-
3241995
479
494
383
-
3291996
490
506
387
-
3391997
503
519
400
-
3511998
523
545
426
-
3701999
549
573
445
-
3852000
576
590
474
$615
3992001
596
610
491
639
4172002
608
623
498
658
4242003
620
636
514
693
4402004
638
657
525
708
4562005
651
672
520
753
4712006
671
690
554
784
4862007
695
716
569
830
5032008
722
742
589
861
5292009
739
757
601
880
5412010
747
765
611
855
5352011
756
775
615
866
5492012
768
792
621
920
5682013
776
802
629
942
5782014
791
816
639
953
5942015
809
835
641
993
604Women1979
$182
$184
$169
-
$1571980
201
203
185
-
1721981
219
221
206
-
1901982
239
242
217
-
2031983
252
254
232
-
2151984
265
268
241
-
2231985
277
281
252
-
2301986
291
294
264
-
2411987
303
307
276
-
2511988
315
318
288
-
2601989
328
334
301
-
2691990
346
353
308
-
2781991
366
373
323
-
2921992
380
387
335
-
3021993
393
401
348
-
3131994
399
408
346
-
3051995
406
415
355
-
3051996
418
428
362
-
3161997
431
444
375
-
3181998
456
468
400
-
3371999
473
483
409
-
3482000
493
502
429
$547
3662001
512
522
454
563
3882002
529
547
473
566
3972003
552
567
491
598
4102004
573
584
505
613
4192005
585
596
499
665
4292006
600
609
519
699
4402007
614
626
533
731
4732008
638
654
554
753
5012009
657
669
582
779
5092010
669
684
592
773
5082011
684
703
595
751
5182012
691
710
599
770
5212013
706
722
606
819
5412014
719
734
611
841
5482015
726
743
615
877
566Men1979
$292
$298
$227
-
$2191980
313
320
244
-
2341981
340
350
268
-
2511982
364
375
278
-
2691983
379
387
294
-
2741984
392
401
303
-
2871985
407
418
305
-
2961986
419
433
319
-
2991987
434
450
327
-
3061988
449
465
348
-
3081989
468
482
348
-
3151990
481
494
361
-
3181991
493
506
375
-
3231992
501
514
380
-
3391993
510
524
392
-
3461994
522
547
400
-
3431995
538
566
411
-
3501996
557
580
412
-
3561997
579
595
432
-
3711998
598
615
468
-
3901999
618
638
488
-
4062000
641
662
510
$685
4172001
670
689
529
732
4402002
679
702
524
756
4512003
695
715
555
772
4642004
713
732
569
802
4802005
722
743
559
825
4892006
743
761
591
882
5052007
766
788
600
936
5202008
798
825
620
966
5592009
819
845
621
952
5692010
824
850
633
936
5602011
832
856
653
970
5712012
854
879
665
1,055
5922013
860
884
664
1,059
5942014
871
897
680
1,080
6162015
895
920
680
1,129
631Women's earnings as a percentage of men's1979
62.3
61.7
74.4
-
71.71980
64.2
63.4
75.8
-
73.51981
64.4
63.1
76.9
-
75.71982
65.7
64.5
78.1
-
75.51983
66.5
65.6
78.9
-
78.51984
67.6
66.8
79.5
-
77.71985
68.1
67.2
82.6
-
77.71986
69.5
67.9
82.8
-
80.61987
69.8
68.2
84.4
-
82.01988
70.2
68.4
82.8
-
84.41989
70.1
69.3
86.5
-
85.41990
71.9
71.5
85.3
-
87.41991
74.2
73.7
86.1
-
90.41992
75.8
75.3
88.2
-
89.11993
77.1
76.5
88.8
-
90.51994
76.4
74.6
86.5
-
88.91995
75.5
73.3
86.4
-
87.11996
75.0
73.8
87.9
-
88.81997
74.4
74.6
86.8
-
85.71998
76.3
76.1
85.5
-
86.41999
76.5
75.7
83.8
-
85.72000
76.9
75.8
84.1
79.9
87.82001
76.4
75.8
85.8
76.9
88.22002
77.9
77.9
90.3
74.9
88.02003
79.4
79.3
88.5
77.5
88.42004
80.4
79.8
88.8
76.4
87.32005
81.0
80.2
89.3
80.6
87.72006
80.8
80.0
87.8
79.3
87.12007
80.2
79.4
88.8
78.1
91.02008
79.9
79.3
89.4
78.0
89.62009
80.2
79.2
93.7
81.8
89.52010
81.2
80.5
93.5
82.6
90.72011
82.2
82.1
91.1
77.4
90.72012
80.9
80.8
90.1
73.0
88.02013
82.1
81.7
91.3
77.3
91.12014
82.5
81.8
89.9
77.9
89.02015
81.1
80.8
90.4
77.7
89.7Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and conceptual changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the historical comparability section of the household data technical documentation provided at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Beginning in 2003, estimates for the groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Data for 2000 to 2002 are for the category Asians and Pacific Islanders. Starting in 2003, Asians constituted a separate category. For more information, see the historical comparability documentation. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Dashes indicate that data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000.

Data exclude all self-employed people, both those with incorporated and unincorporated businesses.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by educational attainment and gender, 2015 annual averages

Educational attainment and gender
Total employed (in thousands)
Median weekly earningsTotalTotal
99,291
$860Less than high school diploma
7,289
493High school graduate or more
92,001
900High school graduate, no college
25,221
678Some college or associate's degree
26,801
762Some college, no degree
15,894
738Associate's degree
10,908
798Occupational program
4,684
785Academic program
6,224
809Bachelor's degree and higher
39,979
1,230Bachelor's degree
25,043
1,137Master's degree
11,106
1,341Professional degree
1,752
1,730Doctoral degree
2,080
1,623WomenTotal
44,020
761Less than high school diploma
2,255
418High school graduate or more
41,766
787High school graduate, no college
9,905
586Some college or associate's degree
12,692
664Some college, no degree
7,153
637Associate's degree
5,539
703Occupational program
2,199
678Academic program
3,340
723Bachelor's degree and higher
19,169
1,064Bachelor's degree
11,748
975Master's degree
5,885
1,160Professional degree
721
1,451Doctoral degree
814
1,442MenTotal
55,270
$947Less than high school diploma
5,035
520High school graduate or more
50,236
1,001High school graduate, no college
15,316
759Some college or associate's degree
14,109
883Some college, no degree
8,741
850Associate's degree
5,368
931Occupational program
2,485
915Academic program
2,883
950Bachelor's degree and higher
20,811
1,420Bachelor's degree
13,295
1,304Master's degree
5,220
1,566Professional degree
1,030
1,888Doctoral degree
1,266
1,758Note: Data exclude all self-employed people, both those with incorporated and unincorporated businesses.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and gender, 2015 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Occupation
Total
Women
Men
Women's earnings as a percentage of men'sNumber of workers
Median weekly earnings
Number of workers
Median weekly earnings
Number of workers
Median weekly earningsTotal, full-time wage and salary workers
109,080
$809
48,334
$726
60,746
$895
81.1Management, professional, and related occupations
44,844
1,158
23,038
996
21,807
1,383
72.0Management, business, and financial operations occupations
18,422
1,258
8,404
1,073
10,018
1,436
74.7Management occupations
12,480
1,351
5,147
1,139
7,332
1,486
76.6Chief executives
1,046
2,041
283
1,836
763
2,251
81.6General and operations managers
823
1,260
202
1,002
621
1,347
74.4Legislators
8
–
4
–
5
–
–Advertising and promotions managers
55
1,050
26
–
29
–
–Marketing and sales managers
948
1,462
378
1,258
570
1,603
78.5Public relations and fundraising managers
59
1,557
35
–
24
–
–Administrative services managers
170
1,191
73
981
96
1,451
67.6Computer and information systems managers
636
1,728
169
1,563
466
1,817
86.0Financial managers
1,124
1,408
573
1,130
551
1,732
65.2Compensation and benefits managers
23
–
16
–
7
–
–Human resources managers
254
1,365
186
1,274
68
1,495
85.2Training and development managers
37
–
20
–
17
–
–Industrial production managers
267
1,485
45
–
221
1,528
–Purchasing managers
193
1,348
84
1,226
109
1,404
87.3Transportation, storage, and distribution managers
276
966
52
749
224
1,006
74.5Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers
129
769
23
–
106
847
–Construction managers
471
1,329
42
–
429
1,357
–Education administrators
778
1,423
496
1,252
282
1,585
79.0Architectural and engineering managers
110
1,899
10
–
101
1,892
–Food service managers
763
742
374
680
389
820
82.9Funeral service managers
13
–
2
–
10
–
–Gaming managers
19
–
6
–
13
–
–Lodging managers
123
985
68
902
54
1,171
77.0Medical and health services managers
592
1,210
438
1,156
154
1,422
81.3Natural sciences managers
24
–
13
–
11
–
–Postmasters and mail superintendents
20
–
10
–
10
–
–Property, real estate, and community association managers
401
914
230
823
171
1,137
72.4Social and community service managers
305
1,022
200
965
105
1,142
84.5Emergency management directors
9
–
3
–
6
–
–Managers, all other
2,803
1,408
1,085
1,213
1,717
1,525
79.5Business and financial operations occupations
5,942
1,137
3,256
1,004
2,686
1,327
75.7Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes
27
–
14
–
13
–
–Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products
11
–
2
–
9
–
–Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products
142
926
69
985
73
886
111.2Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products
260
1,009
124
986
136
1,020
96.7Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators
317
963
176
824
141
1,134
72.7Compliance officers
235
1,198
109
1,025
126
1,375
74.5Cost estimators
95
1,232
12
–
83
1,264
–Human resources workers
592
1,002
441
984
151
1,158
85.0Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists
63
998
50
898
12
–
–Training and development specialists
107
990
65
1,037
42
–
–Logisticians
111
1,028
44
–
66
1,075
–Management analysts
529
1,431
237
1,348
291
1,519
88.7Meeting, convention, and event planners
117
859
90
840
27
–
–Fundraisers
62
1,136
48
–
14
–
–Market research analysts and marketing specialists
203
1,284
118
1,239
85
1,411
87.8Business operations specialists, all other
186
1,090
112
969
74
1,461
66.3Accountants and auditors
1,464
1,132
846
988
618
1,345
73.5Appraisers and assessors of real estate
42
–
21
–
21
–
–Budget analysts
44
–
28
–
17
–
–Credit analysts
17
–
9
–
8
–
–Financial analysts
295
1,426
127
1,171
168
1,680
69.7Personal financial advisors
407
1,419
159
1,033
248
1,738
59.4Insurance underwriters
106
1,149
63
956
44
–
–Financial examiners
17
–
8
–
9
–
–Credit counselors and loan officers
313
997
166
906
146
1,186
76.4Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents
59
1,051
39
–
20
–
–Tax preparers
56
892
37
–
19
–
–Financial specialists, all other
66
1,162
40
–
25
–
–Professional and related occupations
26,423
1,112
14,634
963
11,789
1,343
71.7Computer and mathematical occupations
4,009
1,428
973
1,245
3,036
1,503
82.8Computer and information research scientists
28
–
5
–
23
–
–Computer systems analysts
499
1,389
173
1,256
325
1,462
85.9Information security analysts
67
1,538
11
–
56
1,562
–Computer programmers
450
1,438
93
1,302
357
1,501
86.7Software developers, applications and systems software
1,287
1,682
232
1,415
1,054
1,751
80.8Web developers
151
1,165
53
1,026
98
1,233
83.2Computer support specialists
396
1,079
105
908
291
1,135
80.0Database administrators
90
1,536
32
–
58
1,829
–Network and computer systems administrators
208
1,242
28
–
179
1,266
–Computer network architects
115
1,552
15
–
100
1,577
–Computer occupations, all other
490
1,227
116
1,145
374
1,252
91.5Actuaries
24
–
6
–
18
–
–Mathematicians
6
–
0
–
6
–
–Operations research analysts
122
1,441
63
1,325
59
1,574
84.2Statisticians
76
1,275
39
–
37
–
–Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations
1
–
0
–
1
–
–Architecture and engineering occupations
2,656
1,424
383
1,257
2,272
1,452
86.6Architects, except naval
138
1,441
31
–
106
1,492
–Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists
29
–
6
–
23
–
–Aerospace engineers
140
1,662
18
–
122
1,668
–Agricultural engineers
5
–
0
–
5
–
–Biomedical engineers
12
–
2
–
10
–
–Chemical engineers
79
1,532
10
–
69
1,583
–Civil engineers
316
1,460
41
–
275
1,474
–Computer hardware engineers
72
1,876
10
–
62
1,871
–Electrical and electronics engineers
283
1,778
37
–
246
1,819
–Environmental engineers
35
–
9
–
26
–
–Industrial engineers, including health and safety
205
1,447
37
–
168
1,430
–Marine engineers and naval architects
9
–
0
–
9
–
–Materials engineers
36
–
4
–
33
–
–Mechanical engineers
316
1,534
23
–
294
1,550
–Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers
15
–
0
–
15
–
–Nuclear engineers
5
–
2
–
3
–
–Petroleum engineers
43
–
3
–
39
–
–Engineers, all other
393
1,527
54
1,448
339
1,537
94.2Drafters
114
977
23
–
91
977
–Engineering technicians, except drafters
352
963
68
827
284
984
84.0Surveying and mapping technicians
58
1,012
4
–
54
1,031
–Life, physical, and social science occupations
1,176
1,206
514
1,067
662
1,379
77.4Agricultural and food scientists
22
–
10
–
12
–
–Biological scientists
74
1,233
28
–
46
–
–Conservation scientists and foresters
23
–
7
–
16
–
–Medical scientists
151
1,250
84
1,082
68
1,362
79.4Life scientists, all other
1
–
0
–
1
–
–Astronomers and physicists
14
–
3
–
11
–
–Atmospheric and space scientists
8
–
1
–
8
–
–Chemists and materials scientists
93
1,432
33
–
61
1,496
–Environmental scientists and geoscientists
90
1,423
25
–
65
1,740
–Physical scientists, all other
189
1,553
68
1,170
121
1,770
66.1Economists
29
–
12
–
17
–
–Survey researchers
0
–
0
–
0
–
–Psychologists
114
1,367
83
1,189
31
–
–Sociologists
0
–
0
–
0
–
–Urban and regional planners
22
–
9
–
13
–
–Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers
37
–
19
–
19
–
–Agricultural and food science technicians
28
–
7
–
21
–
–Biological technicians
20
–
10
–
10
–
–Chemical technicians
75
944
32
–
43
–
–Geological and petroleum technicians
22
–
4
–
18
–
–Nuclear technicians
2
–
0
–
2
–
–Social science research assistants
3
–
3
–
0
–
–Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians
157
846
78
780
79
1,001
77.9Community and social service occupations
2,143
889
1,367
845
776
973
86.8Counselors
635
904
451
902
184
908
99.3Social workers
677
877
549
862
127
943
91.4Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists
85
967
43
–
42
–
–Social and human service assistants
173
676
149
673
23
–
–Miscellaneous community and social service specialists, including health educators and community health workers
92
831
63
728
29
–
–Clergy
376
1,002
60
924
316
1,021
90.5Directors, religious activities and education
62
929
31
–
31
–
–Religious workers, all other
44
–
21
–
23
–
–Legal occupations
1,346
1,391
722
1,135
624
1,877
60.5Lawyers
803
1,886
300
1,717
503
1,914
89.7Judicial law clerks
11
–
10
–
1
–
–Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers
54
1,952
20
–
33
–
–Paralegals and legal assistants
341
927
294
910
47
–
–Miscellaneous legal support workers
136
770
97
746
40
–
–Education, training, and library occupations
6,884
956
5,034
907
1,849
1,144
79.3Postsecondary teachers
917
1,258
401
1,144
516
1,405
81.4Preschool and kindergarten teachers
517
616
506
618
11
–
–Elementary and middle school teachers
2,806
974
2,262
957
543
1,077
88.9Secondary school teachers
1,048
1,066
610
1,006
438
1,149
87.6Special education teachers
297
987
258
990
38
–
–Other teachers and instructors
378
896
199
817
179
1,024
79.8Archivists, curators, and museum technicians
38
–
20
–
18
–
–Librarians
130
991
102
966
27
–
–Library technicians
18
–
15
–
4
–
–Teacher assistants
614
541
565
530
48
–
–Other education, training, and library workers
123
1,001
95
1,031
28
–
–Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
1,643
1,001
713
942
930
1,088
86.6Artists and related workers
58
1,166
20
–
39
–
–Designers
593
993
291
918
301
1,099
83.5Actors
12
–
4
–
8
–
–Producers and directors
120
1,270
53
1,234
67
1,340
92.1Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers
147
780
39
–
108
818
–Dancers and choreographers
11
–
9
–
2
–
–Musicians, singers, and related workers
42
–
9
–
33
–
–Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other
14
–
3
–
11
–
–Announcers
25
–
5
–
21
–
–News analysts, reporters and correspondents
56
1,218
27
–
29
–
–Public relations specialists
120
1,211
71
971
49
–
–Editors
108
1,148
50
1,125
58
1,205
93.4Technical writers
52
1,158
30
–
22
–
–Writers and authors
79
1,232
42
–
36
–
–Miscellaneous media and communication workers
46
–
30
–
16
–
–Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators
83
954
7
–
77
937
–Photographers
45
–
21
–
24
–
–Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors
30
–
1
–
28
–
–Media and communication equipment workers, all other
2
–
0
–
2
–
–Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
6,566
1,041
4,928
991
1,639
1,272
77.9Chiropractors
22
–
7
–
15
–
–Dentists
59
1,656
20
–
39
–
–Dietitians and nutritionists
79
886
69
879
9
–
–Optometrists
19
–
13
–
6
–
–Pharmacists
206
1,920
108
1,811
98
2,117
85.5Physicians and surgeons
740
1,824
283
1,533
457
1,915
80.1Physician assistants
57
1,368
40
–
17
–
–Podiatrists
9
–
4
–
5
–
–Audiologists
8
–
6
–
1
–
–Occupational therapists
74
1,210
64
1,199
10
–
–Physical therapists
178
1,265
123
1,215
56
1,347
90.2Radiation therapists
12
–
7
–
5
–
–Recreational therapists
6
–
4
–
2
–
–Respiratory therapists
99
1,000
67
937
32
–
–Speech-language pathologists
108
1,147
106
1,148
1
–
–Exercise physiologists
3
–
0
–
3
–
–Therapists, all other
132
944
101
951
31
–
–Veterinarians
55
1,455
39
–
16
–
–Registered nurses
2,382
1,116
2,104
1,098
278
1,222
89.9Nurse anesthetists
23
–
12
–
11
–
–Nurse midwives
6
–
6
–
0
–
–Nurse practitioners
115
1,532
103
1,522
11
–
–Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other
2
–
2
–
0
–
–Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians
270
901
201
796
69
1,089
73.1Dental hygienists
86
914
80
953
6
–
–Diagnostic related technologists and technicians
253
964
177
908
76
1,106
82.1Emergency medical technicians and paramedics
175
811
49
–
126
899
–Health practitioner support technologists and technicians
487
636
389
633
99
652
97.1Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses
508
743
459
737
48
–
–Medical records and health information technicians
174
740
157
723
17
–
–Opticians, dispensing
44
–
23
–
21
–
–Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians
99
671
66
642
32
–
–Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
78
1,128
38
–
40
–
–Service occupations
15,279
509
7,650
463
7,629
585
79.1Healthcare support occupations
2,395
498
2,074
490
320
577
84.9Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides
1,400
467
1,237
457
163
526
86.9Occupational therapy assistants and aides
17
–
12
–
4
–
–Physical therapist assistants and aides
53
742
35
–
18
–
–Massage therapists
37
–
22
–
16
–
–Dental assistants
188
531
175
522
14
–
–Medical assistants
422
539
387
530
35
–
–Medical transcriptionists
28
–
26
–
3
–
–Pharmacy aides
22
–
18
–
4
–
–Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers
21
–
17
–
4
–
–Phlebotomists
91
551
76
534
15
–
–Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations, including medical equipment preparers
115
524
71
511
44
–
–Protective service occupations
2,729
796
547
655
2,181
851
77.0First-line supervisors of correctional officers
57
856
16
–
41
–
–First-line supervisors of police and detectives
114
1,427
17
–
97
1,425
–First-line supervisors of fire fighting and prevention workers
42
–
3
–
39
–
–First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other
72
808
16
–
56
825
–Firefighters
260
1,033
16
–
245
1,052
–Fire inspectors
18
–
3
–
15
–
–Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers
453
754
112
686
341
779
88.1Detectives and criminal investigators
141
1,159
41
–
100
1,265
–Fish and game wardens
6
–
1
–
5
–
–Parking enforcement workers
9
–
3
–
6
–
–Police and sheriff's patrol officers
655
1,002
86
1,009
569
1,001
100.8Transit and railroad police
3
–
0
–
3
–
–Animal control workers
4
–
2
–
2
–
–Private detectives and investigators
85
843
36
–
49
–
–Security guards and gaming surveillance officers
708
567
153
515
555
592
87.0Crossing guards
26
–
13
–
13
–
–Transportation security screeners
33
–
11
–
22
–
–Lifeguards and other recreational, and all other protective service workers
42
–
18
–
24
–
–Food preparation and serving related occupations
4,124
441
1,991
414
2,133
481
86.1Chefs and head cooks
340
619
55
492
285
656
75.0First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers
378
498
222
458
156
621
73.8Cooks
1,302
416
494
400
808
427
93.7Food preparation workers
366
402
192
388
174
414
93.7Bartenders
252
521
142
493
110
569
86.6Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food
173
391
107
380
67
401
94.8Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop
56
354
28
–
28
–
–Waiters and waitresses
868
451
563
411
305
501
82.0Food servers, nonrestaurant
93
509
62
485
31
–
–Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers
107
403
48
–
59
389
–Dishwashers
117
398
19
–
98
401
–Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop
66
400
58
397
8
–
–Food preparation and serving related workers, all other
6
–
3
–
4
–
–Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
3,605
486
1,275
419
2,330
517
81.0First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers
172
620
64
571
108
700
81.6First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers
80
649
1
–
79
653
–Janitors and building cleaners
1,536
507
425
429
1,111
547
78.4Maids and housekeeping cleaners
876
416
742
407
134
475
85.7Pest control workers
77
585
3
–
74
591
–Grounds maintenance workers
862
469
39
–
824
473
–Personal care and service occupations
2,427
498
1,763
475
664
597
79.6First-line supervisors of gaming workers
117
769
52
680
65
900
75.6First-line supervisors of personal service workers
60
608
35
–
25
–
–Animal trainers
26
–
8
–
19
–
–Nonfarm animal caretakers
100
505
68
501
32
–
–Gaming services workers
69
676
39
–
30
–
–Motion picture projectionists
3
–
0
–
3
–
–Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers
9
–
4
–
5
–
–Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers
69
485
28
–
42
–
–Embalmers and funeral attendants
2
–
0
–
2
–
–Morticians, undertakers, and funeral directors
23
–
7
–
17
–
–Barbers
46
–
12
–
33
–
–Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists
253
461
229
463
23
–
–Miscellaneous personal appearance workers
191
501
159
497
32
–
–Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges
75
608
12
–
63
606
–Tour and travel guides
21
–
9
–
11
–
–Childcare workers
407
437
393
430
14
–
–Personal care aides
680
462
552
441
128
537
82.1Recreation and fitness workers
185
555
107
526
78
684
76.9Residential advisors
24
–
16
–
8
–
–Personal care and service workers, all other
67
499
32
–
35
–
–Sales and office occupations
23,620
673
14,236
627
9,384
777
80.7Sales and related occupations
9,725
716
4,303
578
5,423
880
65.7First-line supervisors of retail sales workers
2,326
711
1,030
614
1,296
825
74.4First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers
835
1,028
280
896
556
1,140
78.6Cashiers
1,342
415
931
405
411
471
86Counter and rental clerks
73
594
37
–
35
–
–Parts salespersons
92
601
11
–
82
600
–Retail salespersons
1,918
590
759
494
1,159
694
71.2Advertising sales agents
161
925
83
729
78
1,155
63.1Insurance sales agents
427
815
232
717
194
1,028
69.7Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents
211
1,155
65
767
146
1,461
52.5Travel agents
62
711
53
685
9
–
–Sales representatives, services, all other
406
966
139
699
268
1,147
60.9Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing
1,138
1,020
295
917
843
1,066
86.0Models, demonstrators, and product promoters
15
–
11
–
4
–
–Real estate brokers and sales agents
463
837
266
735
197
1,052
69.9Sales engineers
33
–
2
–
31
–
–Telemarketers
39
–
21
–
17
–
–Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers
28
–
18
–
9
–
–Sales and related workers, all other
158
916
70
727
89
1,088
66.8Office and administrative support occupations
13,894
656
9,933
646
3,961
693
93.2First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers
1,297
812
863
781
434
878
89.0Switchboard operators, including answering service
17
–
10
–
7
–
–Telephone operators
22
–
18
–
4
–
–Communications equipment operators, all other
5
–
3
–
2
–
–Bill and account collectors
152
657
98
648
54
674
96.1Billing and posting clerks
406
657
366
664
39
–
–Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks
769
692
682
692
87
690
100.3Gaming cage workers
11
–
10
–
2
–
–Payroll and timekeeping clerks
128
757
111
751
17
–
–Procurement clerks
35
–
21
–
15
–
–Tellers
264
514
231
516
33
–
–Financial clerks, all other
61
767
32
–
30
–
–Brokerage clerks
3
–
1
–
1
–
–Correspondence clerks
3
–
2
–
1
–
–Court, municipal, and license clerks
60
755
51
743
9
–
–Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks
42
–
29
–
12
–
–Customer service representatives
1,760
621
1,149
604
611
690
87.5Eligibility interviewers, government programs
67
781
50
805
17
–
–File clerks
145
634
120
627
25
–
–Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks
127
481
69
467
58
486
96.1Interviewers, except eligibility and loan
105
615
89
617
16
–
–Library assistants, clerical
35
–
28
–
7
–
–Loan interviewers and clerks
134
710
109
722
25
–
–New accounts clerks
20
–
17
–
3
–
–Order clerks
74
599
48
–
26
–
–Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping
50
737
40
–
11
–
–Receptionists and information clerks
852
575
781
569
72
619
91.9Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks
95
713
61
680
34
–
–Information and record clerks, all other
100
618
78
616
22
–
–Cargo and freight agents
20
–
9
–
12
–
–Couriers and messengers
153
752
19
–
134
750
–Dispatchers
250
698
141
655
109
759
86.3Meter readers, utilities
39
–
4
–
34
–
–Postal service clerks
127
927
51
833
76
974
85.5Postal service mail carriers
302
954
115
854
187
1,021
83.6Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators
53
828
26
–
27
–
–Production, planning, and expediting clerks
256
838
141
732
116
978
74.8Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks
502
591
148
566
354
604
93.7Stock clerks and order fillers
1,027
520
376
506
651
537
94.2Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping
59
629
31
–
29
–
–Secretaries and administrative assistants
2,223
687
2,099
683
124
786
86.9Computer operators
58
751
33
–
25
–
–Data entry keyers
223
619
169
638
55
589
108.3Word processors and typists
68
650
62
639
6
–
–Desktop publishers
1
–
0
–
1
–
–Insurance claims and policy processing clerks
259
689
203
675
56
762
88.6Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service
63
563
39
–
24
–
–Office clerks, general
929
620
773
622
156
609
102.1Office machine operators, except computer
31
–
16
–
14
–
–Proofreaders and copy markers
2
–
2
–
0
–
–Statistical assistants
15
–
10
–
5
–
–Office and administrative support workers, all other
391
745
298
718
93
852
84.3Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
10,834
761
453
580
10,381
770
75.3Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
810
464
174
437
637
477
91.6First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers
42
–
10
–
32
–
–Agricultural inspectors
12
–
6
–
7
–
–Animal breeders
2
–
0
–
2
–
–Graders and sorters, agricultural products
83
486
51
468
32
–
–Miscellaneous agricultural workers
613
445
102
398
511
460
86.5Fishers and related fishing workers
11
–
0
–
11
–
–Hunters and trappers
0
–
0
–
0
–
–Forest and conservation workers
15
–
5
–
10
–
–Logging workers
31
–
0
–
31
–
–Construction and extraction occupations
5,722
749
137
704
5,586
751
93.7First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers
560
1,040
20
–
540
1,047
–Boilermakers
21
–
0
–
21
–
–Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons
122
652
0
–
122
652
–Carpenters
802
687
10
–
792
687
–Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers
89
637
1
–
89
634
–Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers
44
–
0
–
44
–
–Construction laborers
1,181
639
25
–
1,155
642
–Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators
10
–
0
–
10
–
–Pile-driver operators
2
–
0
–
2
–
–Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators
324
856
6
–
318
859
–Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers
121
596
2
–
119
595
–Electricians
651
888
19
–
632
891
–Glaziers
33
–
0
–
32
–
–Insulation workers
43
–
3
–
41
–
–Painters, construction and maintenance
344
585
14
–
330
587
–Paperhangers
0
–
0
–
0
–
–Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters
456
863
2
–
455
862
–Plasterers and stucco masons
20
–
1
–
19
–
–Reinforcing iron and rebar workers
9
–
0
–
9
–
–Roofers
171
584
2
–
170
580
–Sheet metal workers
106
766
6
–
100
776
–Structural iron and steel workers
54
869
2
–
52
864
–Solar photovoltaic installers
8
–
0
–
8
–
–Helpers, construction trades
47
–
0
–
47
–
–Construction and building inspectors
67
939
9
–
58
965
–Elevator installers and repairers
23
–
0
–
23
–
–Fence erectors
33
–
0
–
33
–
–Hazardous materials removal workers
39
–
5
–
35
–
–Highway maintenance workers
91
754
0
–
91
755
–Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators
9
–
0
–
9
–
–Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners
8
–
0
–
8
–
–Miscellaneous construction and related workers
25
–
2
–
23
–
–Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining
28
–
1
–
27
–
–Earth drillers, except oil and gas
30
–
0
–
30
–
–Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters
5
–
0
–
5
–
–Mining machine operators
68
1,106
2
–
65
1,098
–Roof bolters, mining
3
–
0
–
3
–
–Roustabouts, oil and gas
7
–
0
–
7
–
–Helpers—extraction workers
6
–
0
–
6
–
–Other extraction workers
61
900
3
–
58
918
–Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
4,301
839
143
761
4,159
842
90.4First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers
270
1,032
18
–
252
1,033
–Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers
194
856
28
–
166
865
–Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers
139
862
13
–
126
879
–Avionics technicians
4
–
0
–
4
–
–Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers
22
–
1
–
20
–
–Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment
2
–
0
–
2
–
–Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility
18
–
0
–
17
–
–Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles
17
–
0
–
17
–
–Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers
30
–
2
–
28
–
–Security and fire alarm systems installers
67
911
2
–
65
913
–Aircraft mechanics and service technicians
133
1,025
7
–
125
1,032
–Automotive body and related repairers
120
846
2
–
118
849
–Automotive glass installers and repairers
21
–
1
–
20
–
–Automotive service technicians and mechanics
710
722
16
–
694
724
–Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists
327
831
0
–
327
830
–Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics
206
928
0
–
206
928
–Small engine mechanics
39
–
0
–
39
–
–Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers
66
592
1
–
65
591
–Control and valve installers and repairers
23
–
0
–
23
–
–Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers
341
806
4
–
337
810
–Home appliance repairers
36
–
0
–
36
–
–Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics
394
895
11
–
383
894
–Maintenance and repair workers, general
469
773
10
–
459
771
–Maintenance workers, machinery
31
–
1
–
30
–
–Millwrights
49
–
1
–
48
–
–Electrical power-line installers and repairers
113
1,105
0
–
112
1,105
–Telecommunications line installers and repairers
157
882
9
–
148
880
–Precision instrument and equipment repairers
64
996
4
–
60
1,009
–Wind turbine service technicians
3
–
0
–
3
–
–Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers
38
–
4
–
34
–
–Commercial divers
1
–
0
–
1
–
–Locksmiths and safe repairers
12
–
0
–
12
–
–Manufactured building and mobile home installers
4
–
1
–
4
–
–Riggers
7
–
0
–
7
–
–Signal and track switch repairers
9
–
0
–
9
–
–Helpers—installation, maintenance, and repair workers
17
–
0
–
17
–
–Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers
150
792
6
–
144
810
–Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
14,504
656
2,958
512
11,546
704
72.7Production occupations
7,551
663
2,003
519
5,548
729
71.2First-line supervisors of production and operating workers
783
875
133
623
650
924
67.4Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers
15
–
4
–
11
–
–Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers
123
554
64
544
59
566
96.1Engine and other machine assemblers
14
–
2
–
12
–
–Structural metal fabricators and fitters
31
–
3
–
28
–
–Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators
950
581
377
512
573
637
80.4Bakers
150
505
80
475
69
570
83.3Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers
247
542
60
463
187
582
79.6Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders
9
–
1
–
7
–
–Food batchmakers
79
500
54
489
25
–
–Food cooking machine operators and tenders
7
–
2
–
5
–
–Food processing workers, all other
132
594
50
508
82
679
74.8Computer control programmers and operators
83
833
2
–
81
857
–Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
8
–
1
–
7
–
–Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
6
–
0
–
6
–
–Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
15
–
3
–
12
–
–Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
78
633
15
–
62
674
–Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
5
–
1
–
5
–
–Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
41
–
3
–
39
–
–Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
12
–
1
–
11
–
–Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
1
–
0
–
1
–
–Machinists
338
834
17
–
320
840
–Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters
29
–
1
–
28
–
–Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic
6
–
3
–
3
–
–Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
47
–
9
–
39
–
–Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
1
–
0
–
1
–
–Tool and die makers
49
–
0
–
49
–
–Welding, soldering, and brazing workers
568
760
23
–
545
767
–Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
4
–
0
–
4
–
–Layout workers, metal and plastic
4
–
1
–
4
–
–Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
24
–
0
–
24
–
–Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners
7
–
0
–
7
–
–Metal workers and plastic workers, all other
351
639
72
581
278
678
85.7Prepress technicians and workers
14
–
2
–
12
–
–Printing press operators
160
707
26
–
134
729
–Print binding and finishing workers
16
–
6
–
9
–
–Laundry and dry-cleaning workers
133
466
80
460
53
487
94.5Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials
21
–
12
–
9
–
–Sewing machine operators
147
493
105
476
42
–
–Shoe and leather workers and repairers
5
–
1
–
4
–
–Shoe machine operators and tenders
1
–
1
–
0
–
–Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers
37
–
27
–
9
–
–Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders
2
–
0
–
2
–
–Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders
9
–
2
–
7
–
–Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders
8
–
4
–
3
–
–Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders
7
–
2
–
5
–
–Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers
0
–
0
–
0
–
–Fabric and apparel patternmakers
4
–
1
–
3
–
–Upholsterers
29
–
7
–
21
–
–Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other
16
–
4
–
12
–
–Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters
40
–
2
–
38
–
–Furniture finishers
6
–
0
–
6
–
–Model makers and patternmakers, wood
0
–
0
–
0
–
–Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood
26
–
4
–
22
–
–Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing
23
–
1
–
21
–
–Woodworkers, all other
17
–
3
–
14
–
–Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers
35
–
1
–
34
–
–Stationary engineers and boiler operators
84
996
3
–
81
1,012
–Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators
82
880
3
–
79
868
–Miscellaneous plant and system operators
35
–
3
–
33
–
–Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders
62
1,052
5
–
57
1,082
–Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers
82
652
7
–
75
668
–Cutting workers
51
685
9
–
41
–
–Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders
31
–
6
–
25
–
–Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders
6
–
0
–
5
–
–Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers
701
710
260
583
440
844
69.1Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers
19
–
7
–
11
–
–Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians
86
648
42
–
44
–
–Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders
239
518
120
482
118
605
79.7Painting workers
129
708
18
–
110
733
–Photographic process workers and processing machine operators
26
–
14
–
12
–
–Semiconductor processors
1
–
0
–
1
–
–Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders
9
–
4
–
5
–
–Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders
4
–
1
–
2
–
–Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders
4
–
0
–
3
–
–Etchers and engravers
12
–
4
–
8
–
–Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic
14
–
2
–
12
–
–Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders
27
–
5
–
22
–
–Tire builders
8
–
0
–
8
–
–Helpers—production workers
24
–
7
–
18
–
–Production workers, all other
846
625
203
501
643
666
75.2Transportation and material moving occupations
6,953
646
955
494
5,998
679
72.8Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers
186
894
33
–
153
898
–Aircraft pilots and flight engineers
114
1,735
9
–
104
1,830
–Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists
32
–
8
–
24
–
–Flight attendants
63
846
43
–
20
–
–Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians
18
–
4
–
14
–
–Bus drivers
323
615
138
572
184
681
84.0Driver/sales workers and truck drivers
2,687
747
105
632
2,582
751
84.2Taxi drivers and chauffeurs
253
585
38
–
216
600
–Motor vehicle operators, all other
21
–
3
–
18
–
–Locomotive engineers and operators
44
–
2
–
42
–
–Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators
5
–
0
–
5
–
–Railroad conductors and yardmasters
55
1,117
4
–
52
1,137
–Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation workers
15
–
3
–
12
–
–Sailors and marine oilers
10
–
0
–
9
–
–Ship and boat captains and operators
29
–
1
–
28
–
–Ship engineers
5
–
1
–
4
–
–Bridge and lock tenders
4
–
0
–
4
–
–Parking lot attendants
57
492
8
–
49
–
–Automotive and watercraft service attendants
63
452
5
–
58
470
–Transportation inspectors
21
–
7
–
14
–
–Transportation attendants, except flight attendants
17
–
8
–
9
–
–Other transportation workers
39
–
4
–
35
–
–Conveyor operators and tenders
7
–
0
–
7
–
–Crane and tower operators
75
988
4
–
71
1,016
–Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators
25
–
0
–
25
–
–Hoist and winch operators
5
–
0
–
5
–
–Industrial truck and tractor operators
579
609
37
–
541
612
–Cleaners of vehicles and equipment
222
485
22
–
200
498
–Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand
1,433
526
219
455
1,214
547
83.2Machine feeders and offbearers
30
–
9
–
21
–
–Packers and packagers, hand
385
438
227
424
158
462
91.8Pumping station operators
18
–
1
–
17
–
–Refuse and recyclable material collectors
72
501
6
–
66
496
–Mine shuttle car operators
0
–
0
–
0
–
–Tank car, truck, and ship loaders
6
–
0
–
6
–
–Material moving workers, all other
37
–
5
–
32
–
–Note: Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.




Table 19. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by industry and gender, 2015 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Industry
Total
Women
Men
Women's earnings as a percentage of men'sNumber of workers
Median weekly earnings
Number of workers
Median weekly earnings
Number of workers
Median weekly earningsTotal, 16 years and older
109,080
$809
48,334
$726
60,746
$895
81.1Agriculture and related industries
1,124
533
201
469
923
556
84.4Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
846
1,162
102
1,021
744
1,168
87.4Construction
6,882
788
574
757
6,308
791
95.7Manufacturing
13,968
839
3,872
688
10,096
902
76.3Durable goods manufacturing
8,996
873
2,132
726
6,864
919
79.0Nondurable goods manufacturing
4,972
776
1,739
643
3,233
863
74.5Wholesale and retail trade
13,819
653
5,508
571
8,311
741
77.1Wholesale trade
3,095
841
888
736
2,208
897
82.1Retail trade
10,723
610
4,620
538
6,103
689
78.1Transportation and utilities
6,313
871
1,359
733
4,954
915
80.1Transportation and warehousing
5,072
819
1,094
676
3,978
863
78.3Utilities
1,240
1,098
265
924
975
1,150
80.3Information
2,351
1,091
874
938
1,477
1,205
77.8Financial activities
8,170
961
4,414
821
3,755
1,219
67.4Finance and insurance
6,255
1,020
3,539
843
2,716
1,374
61.4Real estate and rental and leasing
1,915
787
875
749
1,040
842
89.0Professional and business services
12,418
953
4,871
811
7,547
1,091
74.3Professional and technical services
7,704
1,253
3,119
966
4,585
1,458
66.3Management, administrative, and waste services
4,713
609
1,752
585
2,961
623
93.9Education and health services
25,210
846
18,520
787
6,690
1,011
77.8Educational services
10,426
935
7,092
896
3,334
1,048
85.5Health care and social assistance
14,784
760
11,428
718
3,355
974
73.7Leisure and hospitality
7,416
518
3,398
480
4,018
569
84.4Arts, entertainment, and recreation
1,654
662
666
594
988
723
82.2Accommodation and food services
5,762
492
2,732
453
3,030
520
87.1Other services
4,154
686
1,826
592
2,328
775
76.4Other services, except private households
3,776
712
1,484
616
2,292
778
79.2Private households
378
478
342
470
36
( 1 )
( 2 )Public administration
6,410
983
2,815
885
3,595
1,069
82.81 Data not shown where the employment base is less than 50,000.

2 Data not shown where the employment base for either the numerator or denominator is less than 50,000.

Note: Data exclude all self-employed people, both those with incorporated and unincorporated businesses.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 20. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, by selected characteristics, 2015 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic
Workers paid hourly ratesTotal
Total at or below prevailing federal minimum wageTotal
Percentage of hourly paid workers
At prevailing federal minimum wage
Below prevailing federal minimum wageAge and genderTotal, 16 years and older
78,232
2,561
3.3
870
1,69116 to 24 years
15,562
1,153
7.4
475
67825 years and older
62,670
1,408
2.2
395
1,013Women, 16 years and older
39,500
1,602
4.1
540
1,06216 to 24 years
7,784
736
9.5
282
45425 years and older
31,716
866
2.7
258
608Men, 16 years and older
38,732
959
2.5
330
62916 to 24 years
7,778
417
5.4
193
22425 years and older
30,954
542
1.8
137
404Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity1White
60,306
1,872
3.1
561
1,311Women
29,858
1,205
4.0
343
862Men
30,448
667
2.2
218
450Black or African American
11,178
481
4.3
247
234Women
6,163
270
4.4
162
108Men
5,015
212
4.2
85
127Asian
3,690
109
3.0
32
78Women
1,975
74
3.8
20
55Men
1,715
35
2.0
12
23Hispanic or Latino
15,809
459
2.9
159
300Women
6,984
272
3.9
92
179Men
8,825
188
2.1
67
121Full- and part-time status2Full-time workers
57,809
1,075
1.9
288
787Women
26,146
606
2.3
170
436Men
31,662
469
1.5
118
351Part-time workers
20,285
1,477
7.3
579
898Women
13,296
991
7.5
367
624Men
6,989
486
7.0
212
2741 Estimates for the race groups—White, Black or African American, and Asian—do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

2 The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data will not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders. Full time is 35 hours or more per week; part time is less than 35 hours.

Note: Data exclude all self-employed people, both those with incorporated and unincorporated businesses.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 21. Employed people, by full- and part-time status and gender, 1968–2015 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Year and gender
Total employed
Usually full time
Usually part time
Percentage usuallyfull time
Percentage usuallypart timeTotal1968
75,920
65,277
10,644
86.0
14.01969
77,902
66,596
11,306
85.5
14.51970
78,678
66,753
11,925
84.8
15.21971
79,367
66,973
12,393
84.4
15.61972
82,153
69,214
12,939
84.3
15.71973
85,064
71,803
13,262
84.4
15.61974
86,794
73,093
13,701
84.2
15.81975
85,846
71,586
14,260
83.4
16.61976
88,752
73,964
14,788
83.3
16.71977
92,017
76,625
15,391
83.3
16.71978
96,048
80,193
15,855
83.5
16.51979
98,824
82,654
16,171
83.6
16.41980
99,303
82,562
16,740
83.1
16.91981
100,397
83,243
17,154
82.9
17.11982
99,526
81,421
18,106
81.8
18.21983
100,834
82,322
18,511
81.6
18.41984
105,005
86,544
18,462
82.4
17.61985
107,150
88,534
18,615
82.6
17.41986
109,597
90,529
19,069
82.6
17.41987
112,440
92,957
19,483
82.7
17.31988
114,968
95,214
19,754
82.8
17.21989
117,342
97,369
19,973
83.0
17.01990
118,793
98,666
20,128
83.1
16.91991
117,718
97,190
20,528
82.6
17.41992
118,492
97,664
20,828
82.4
17.61993
120,259
99,114
21,145
82.4
17.61994
123,060
99,772
23,288
81.1
18.91995
124,900
101,679
23,220
81.4
18.61996
126,708
103,537
23,170
81.7
18.31997
129,558
106,334
23,224
82.1
17.91998
131,463
108,202
23,261
82.3
17.71999
133,488
110,302
23,186
82.6
17.42000
136,891
113,846
23,044
83.2
16.82001
136,933
113,573
23,361
82.9
17.12002
136,485
112,700
23,785
82.6
17.42003
137,736
113,324
24,412
82.3
17.72004
139,252
114,518
24,734
82.2
17.82005
141,730
117,016
24,714
82.6
17.42006
144,427
119,688
24,739
82.9
17.12007
146,047
121,091
24,956
82.9
17.12008
145,362
120,030
25,332
82.6
17.42009
139,877
112,634
27,244
80.5
19.52010
139,064
111,714
27,350
80.3
19.72011
139,869
112,556
27,313
80.5
19.52012
142,469
114,809
27,661
80.6
19.42013
143,929
116,314
27,615
80.8
19.22014
146,305
118,718
27,587
81.1
18.92015
148,834
121,492
27,341
81.6
18.4Women1968
27,807
20,893
6,914
75.1
24.91969
29,084
21,781
7,303
74.9
25.11970
29,688
21,929
7,758
73.9
26.11971
29,976
21,950
8,026
73.2
26.81972
31,257
22,842
8,416
73.1
26.91973
32,715
23,960
8,756
73.2
26.81974
33,769
24,714
9,055
73.2
26.81975
33,989
24,598
9,391
72.4
27.61976
35,615
25,814
9,799
72.5
27.51977
37,289
27,076
10,213
72.6
27.41978
39,569
28,912
10,658
73.1
26.91979
41,217
30,227
10,990
73.3
26.71980
42,117
30,845
11,270
73.2
26.81981
43,000
31,337
11,664
72.9
27.11982
43,256
31,086
12,170
71.9
28.11983
44,047
31,679
12,367
71.9
28.11984
45,915
33,473
12,441
72.9
27.11985
47,259
34,672
12,587
73.4
26.61986
48,706
35,845
12,862
73.6
26.41987
50,334
37,210
13,124
73.9
26.11988
51,696
38,398
13,298
74.3
25.71989
53,027
39,484
13,544
74.5
25.51990
53,689
40,165
13,524
74.8
25.21991
53,496
39,783
13,713
74.4
25.61992
54,052
40,301
13,751
74.6
25.41993
54,910
40,991
13,919
74.7
25.31994
56,610
40,940
15,670
72.3
27.71995
57,523
41,743
15,779
72.6
27.41996
58,501
42,776
15,725
73.1
26.91997
59,873
44,076
15,797
73.6
26.41998
60,771
45,014
15,757
74.1
25.91999
62,042
46,372
15,670
74.7
25.32000
63,586
47,916
15,670
75.4
24.62001
63,737
47,950
15,788
75.2
24.82002
63,582
47,494
16,088
74.7
25.32003
64,404
47,946
16,459
74.4
25.62004
64,728
48,073
16,654
74.3
25.72005
65,757
49,158
16,598
74.8
25.22006
66,925
50,380
16,545
75.3
24.72007
67,792
51,056
16,736
75.3
24.72008
67,876
51,178
16,698
75.4
24.62009
66,208
48,683
17,525
73.5
26.52010
65,705
48,214
17,491
73.4
26.62011
65,579
48,224
17,355
73.5
26.52012
66,914
49,331
17,583
73.7
26.32013
67,577
49,979
17,598
74.0
26.02014
68,613
50,889
17,724
74.2
25.82015
69,703
52,142
17,561
74.8
25.2Men1968
48,114
44,384
3,730
92.2
7.81969
48,818
44,815
4,003
91.8
8.21970
48,990
44,825
4,166
91.5
8.51971
49,390
45,023
4,367
91.2
8.81972
50,896
46,373
4,523
91.1
8.91973
52,349
47,843
4,507
91.4
8.61974
53,024
48,378
4,646
91.2
8.81975
51,857
46,988
4,870
90.6
9.41976
53,138
48,150
4,988
90.6
9.41977
54,728
49,551
5,178
90.5
9.51978
56,479
51,281
5,198
90.8
9.21979
57,607
52,427
5,180
91.0
9.01980
57,186
51,717
5,471
90.4
9.61981
57,397
51,906
5,492
90.4
9.61982
56,271
50,334
5,937
89.4
10.61983
56,787
50,643
6,145
89.2
10.81984
59,091
53,070
6,020
89.8
10.21985
59,891
53,862
6,028
89.9
10.11986
60,892
54,685
6,207
89.8
10.21987
62,107
55,746
6,360
89.8
10.21988
63,273
56,816
6,457
89.8
10.21989
64,315
57,885
6,430
90.0
10.01990
65,104
58,501
6,604
89.9
10.11991
64,223
57,407
6,815
89.4
10.61992
64,440
57,363
7,077
89.0
11.01993
65,349
58,123
7,226
88.9
11.11994
66,450
58,832
7,617
88.5
11.51995
67,377
59,936
7,441
89.0
11.01996
68,207
60,762
7,445
89.1
10.91997
69,685
62,258
7,427
89.3
10.71998
70,693
63,189
7,504
89.4
10.61999
71,446
63,930
7,516
89.5
10.52000
73,305
65,930
7,375
89.9
10.12001
73,196
65,623
7,573
89.7
10.32002
72,903
65,205
7,697
89.4
10.62003
73,332
65,379
7,953
89.2
10.82004
74,524
66,444
8,080
89.2
10.82005
75,973
67,858
8,115
89.3
10.72006
77,502
69,307
8,194
89.4
10.62007
78,254
70,035
8,220
89.5
10.52008
77,486
68,853
8,634
88.9
11.12009
73,670
63,951
9,719
86.8
13.22010
73,359
63,501
9,858
86.6
13.42011
74,290
64,333
9,957
86.6
13.42012
75,555
65,477
10,078
86.7
13.32013
76,353
66,335
10,017
86.9
13.12014
77,692
67,829
9,863
87.3
12.72015
79,131
69,351
9,780
87.6
12.4Note: Full time is 35 or more hours per week; part time is 1 to 34 hours per week. Data for 1994 and subsequent years are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and earlier years because of the introduction of a major redesign of the Current Population Survey.

Source: Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 22. Average weekly hours at work in all industries and in nonagricultural industries, by gender, 1976–2015 annual averages

Year
All industries
Nonagricultural industriesTotal
Women
Men
Total
Women
Men1976
38.7
34.1
41.7
38.4
34.1
41.41977
38.8
34.2
41.9
38.5
34.2
41.61978
39.0
34.5
42.1
38.7
34.4
41.81979
38.9
34.5
42.0
38.6
34.4
41.71980
38.5
34.5
41.5
38.3
34.4
41.21981
38.1
34.1
41.1
37.9
34.1
40.71982
38.0
34.1
40.9
37.7
34.0
40.61983
38.3
34.5
41.2
38.1
34.4
41.01984
38.8
34.9
41.8
38.6
34.9
41.51985
39.0
35.2
42.0
38.9
35.2
41.81986
39.1
35.4
42.1
38.9
35.3
41.91987
39.0
35.3
42.0
38.8
35.3
41.81988
39.4
35.7
42.4
39.3
35.7
42.21989
39.6
35.8
42.6
39.4
35.8
42.41990
39.4
35.8
42.3
39.3
35.8
42.11991
39.2
35.8
42.0
39.1
35.8
41.91992
38.9
35.6
41.7
38.8
35.6
41.61993
39.4
36.0
42.2
39.3
36.0
42.11994
39.2
35.5
42.2
39.1
35.6
42.11995
39.3
35.6
42.3
39.2
35.7
42.21996
39.3
35.7
42.3
39.2
35.7
42.21997
39.5
36.0
42.4
39.4
36.0
42.31998
39.3
35.8
42.2
39.2
35.9
42.21999
39.6
36.2
42.4
39.5
36.2
42.42000
39.7
36.4
42.5
39.6
36.4
42.42001
39.2
36.1
41.9
39.2
36.1
41.82002
39.2
36.0
41.8
39.1
36.1
41.72003
39.0
35.9
41.7
39.0
35.9
41.62004
39.0
35.9
41.7
39.0
35.9
41.62005
39.2
36.1
41.8
39.1
36.1
41.72006
39.2
36.2
41.8
39.2
36.2
41.72007
39.2
36.1
41.7
39.1
36.1
41.62008
38.9
36.1
41.3
38.8
36.1
41.22009
37.9
35.3
40.2
37.8
35.3
40.12010
38.2
35.5
40.5
38.1
35.6
40.42011
38.3
35.6
40.6
38.2
35.6
40.62012
38.5
35.8
40.8
38.4
35.8
40.72013
38.6
36.0
40.9
38.5
36.0
40.82014
38.6
35.9
41.0
38.6
35.9
40.92015
38.6
35.9
40.9
38.5
35.9
40.8Note: Revisions to population controls and other changes can affect the comparability of labor force levels over time. In recent years, for example, updated population controls have been introduced annually with the release of January data. Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 23. Work experience of the population, by gender and full- and part-time status, selected years, 1970–2014 (Percentage distribution)

Year and gender
Population in thousands
Worked during the year
Percent distribution by work experienceTotal in thousands
Percentage of population
Total
Usually work full time
Usually work part timeTotal
50 to 52 weeks
1 to 49 weeks
Total
50 to 52 weeks
1 to 49 weeksTotal1970
138,953
93,850
67.5
100.0
79.4
55.6
23.8
20.6
6.7
13.91975
153,180
102,603
67.0
100.0
78.9
54.3
24.6
21.2
7.5
13.71980
169,452
115,752
68.3
100.0
78.5
56.1
22.4
21.4
7.7
13.71985
179,944
123,466
68.6
100.0
78.2
58.7
19.5
21.9
8.3
13.61990
189,238
132,562
70.1
100.0
78.8
60.4
18.4
21.3
8.7
12.61995
199,925
138,971
69.5
100.0
78.6
62.9
15.7
21.3
9.1
12.22000
214,292
150,787
70.4
100.0
80.4
66.7
13.8
19.5
9.3
10.22005
227,975
154,322
67.7
100.0
80.3
67.5
12.8
19.7
10.0
9.72006
231,033
156,658
67.8
100.0
80.9
68.4
12.5
19.1
9.7
9.42007
232,995
157,653
67.7
100.0
80.9
68.4
12.5
19.1
9.8
9.32008
235,086
157,472
67.0
100.0
79.5
65.6
13.9
20.5
10.5
10.02009
237,158
153,929
64.9
100.0
78.3
64.0
14.3
21.7
11.3
10.42010
238,999
152,320
63.7
100.0
78.2
64.7
13.5
21.8
11.2
10.62011
242,602
153,479
63.3
100.0
78.6
65.8
12.8
21.4
11.2
10.22012
244,993
156,194
63.8
100.0
78.4
65.5
12.9
21.6
11.2
10.42013
247,258
156,987
63.5
100.0
79.0
66.9
12.1
21.0
10.9
10.12014
250,080
159,056
63.6
100.0
79.6
67.9
11.7
20.6
10.8
9.8Women1970
73,657
38,809
52.5
100.0
67.9
40.7
27.2
32.2
10.1
22.11975
80,834
43,511
52.9
100.0
67.1
41.4
25.7
32.8
11.7
21.11980
89,259
51,492
57.7
100.0
67.7
44.7
23.0
32.3
11.9
20.41985
94,490
56,165
59.4
100.0
68.1
48.9
19.2
31.8
12.3
19.51990
98,970
61,494
62.1
100.0
69.8
51.5
18.3
30.2
12.8
17.41995
104,058
65,304
62.8
100.0
70.2
54.3
15.9
29.7
13.3
16.42000
111,440
71,341
64.0
100.0
72.9
58.4
14.5
27.1
13.4
13.72005
117,814
72,309
61.4
100.0
72.7
59.9
12.8
27.3
14.1
13.22006
119,300
73,527
61.6
100.0
73.0
60.7
12.3
27.0
14.1
12.92007
120,300
74,115
61.6
100.0
73.6
61.5
12.1
26.4
14.2
12.22008
121,328
74,363
61.3
100.0
72.2
59.3
12.9
27.8
15.0
12.92009
122,339
72,855
59.6
100.0
71.5
59.3
12.2
28.5
15.8
12.72010
123,012
71,980
58.5
100.0
71.5
59.4
12.1
28.5
15.6
12.92011
125,619
72,976
58.1
100.0
71.7
59.8
11.9
28.3
15.7
12.62012
126,791
74,051
58.4
100.0
71.5
59.4
12.1
28.5
15.2
13.32013
127,863
74,397
58.2
100.0
71.8
60.5
11.3
28.2
15.2
13.02014
129,342
75,416
58.3
100.0
72.7
61.2
11.5
27.3
14.7
12.6Men1970
65,296
55,041
84.1
100.0
87.6
66.1
21.5
12.4
4.4
8.01975
72,346
59,091
80.6
100.0
87.5
63.8
23.7
12.5
4.4
8.11980
80,193
64,260
80.1
100.0
87.2
65.2
22.0
12.8
4.4
8.41985
85,454
67,301
78.8
100.0
86.5
66.8
19.7
13.5
4.8
8.71990
90,269
71,068
78.7
100.0
86.4
68.0
18.4
13.5
5.1
8.41995
95,867
73,667
76.8
100.0
86.2
70.6
15.6
13.9
5.5
8.42000
102,853
79,446
77.2
100.0
87.5
74.2
13.2
12.6
5.5
7.12005
110,161
82,013
74.4
100.0
87.0
74.2
12.8
13.0
6.3
6.72006
111,733
83,131
74.4
100.0
87.8
75.2
12.6
12.2
5.7
6.52007
112,695
83,538
74.1
100.0
87.4
74.6
12.8
12.6
5.9
6.72008
113,758
83,109
73.1
100.0
86.0
71.2
14.8
14.0
6.5
7.52009
114,820
81,073
70.6
100.0
84.4
68.3
16.1
15.6
7.3
8.32010
115,986
80,341
69.3
100.0
84.3
69.4
14.9
15.7
7.3
8.42011
116,984
80,503
68.8
100.0
84.8
71.2
13.6
15.2
7.2
8.02012
118,202
82,143
69.5
100.0
84.5
71.0
13.5
15.5
7.5
8.02013
119,395
82,590
69.2
100.0
85.5
72.7
12.8
14.5
7.1
7.42014
120,738
83,640
69.3
100.0
85.7
73.9
11.8
14.3
7.2
7.1Note: These data reflect work experience for the entire year.

The 2013 data in this report, collected in the 2014 ASEC, are based on fewer sample responses than in recent years. Approximately three-eighths of the 2014 CPS ASEC sample was used to test redesigned questions on income and health insurance coverage; this portion of the sample was not used to generate the estimates in this table.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplements, 1971–2015.



Table 24A. Married-couple families, by number and relationship of earners, 1967–2014 (Numbers in thousands)

Year
Married-couple familiesTotal
No earners
One earner
Two or more earnersTotal
Husband only
Wife only
Other family member
Total
Husband and wife
Husband and other family member
Wife and other family member
Husband and wife are not earners1967
43,292
2,943
16,490
15,429
716
345
23,859
18,888
4,639
-
-1968
43,842
2,888
16,375
15,310
730
335
24,579
19,743
4,522
-
-1969
44,436
3,022
16,268
15,133
797
339
25,145
20,327
4,517
-
-1970
44,832
3,252
16,117
14,931
867
320
25,464
20,510
4,622
-
-1971
45,939
3,471
16,847
15,502
1,004
340
25,621
20,641
4,651
-
-1972
46,594
3,632
16,787
15,387
1,003
398
26,175
21,279
4,553
-
-1973
47,185
4,027
16,080
14,547
1,110
423
27,078
22,152
4,535
-
-1974
47,438
4,325
15,795
14,122
1,216
457
27,319
22,451
4,442
-
-1975
47,878
4,943
16,217
14,343
1,394
481
26,717
22,338
3,861
-
-1976
48,150
4,962
15,630
13,690
1,424
516
27,559
23,104
3,829
-
-1977
48,131
5,177
15,119
13,153
1,456
512
27,835
23,474
3,812
-
-1978
48,532
5,226
14,456
12,434
1,509
513
28,850
24,655
3,609
-
-1979
49,132
5,559
13,912
11,934
1,499
480
29,660
25,595
3,476
-
-1980
49,316
5,903
13,900
11,621
1,707
573
29,513
25,557
3,380
-
-1981
49,669
6,213
13,832
11,524
1,680
628
29,624
25,729
3,212
-
-1982
49,947
6,427
14,235
11,575
2,048
613
29,285
25,387
3,149
-
-1983
50,134
6,549
13,692
11,100
1,944
647
29,893
26,119
2,996
-
-1984
50,395
6,630
12,952
10,472
1,852
628
30,814
27,035
2,891
-
-1985
50,978
6,693
12,961
10,406
1,897
658
31,324
27,787
2,764
-
-1986
51,574
6,731
12,565
9,984
1,917
664
32,278
28,811
2,730
-
-1987
51,847
6,741
12,435
9,787
1,946
702
32,671
29,369
2,576
-
-1988
52,149
6,754
11,876
9,463
1,777
636
33,519
30,536
2,303
532
1481989
52,385
6,812
11,748
9,212
1,840
695
33,825
30,879
2,373
435
1381990
52,241
6,770
11,630
9,107
1,826
698
33,841
30,829
2,369
479
1641991
52,549
7,091
11,523
8,873
1,993
657
33,935
31,049
2,161
527
1971992
53,254
7,256
11,977
9,114
2,145
718
34,021
31,268
1,940
624
1991993
53,248
7,282
11,842
8,745
2,411
687
34,123
31,302
2,051
614
1561994
53,929
7,227
11,774
8,719
2,374
681
34,928
32,125
2,048
603
1511995
53,621
7,278
11,739
8,821
2,253
664
34,604
32,061
1,878
539
1271996
53,654
7,148
11,556
8,671
2,214
671
34,950
32,406
1,899
522
1231997
54,362
7,289
11,728
8,792
2,302
634
35,345
32,764
1,853
569
1581998
54,829
7,257
12,279
9,198
2,419
662
35,293
32,810
1,726
616
1411999
55,352
7,163
12,328
9,093
2,595
640
35,861
33,360
1,815
519
1672000
56,643
7,463
12,717
9,515
2,601
600
36,463
33,892
1,865
566
1392001
56,798
7,666
12,907
9,621
2,698
588
36,224
33,696
1,898
501
1292002
57,362
7,803
13,487
10,109
2,818
560
36,071
33,547
1,845
558
1212003
57,767
8,043
14,051
10,469
3,026
557
35,673
33,220
1,789
548
1172004
58,045
7,996
14,352
10,821
2,991
540
35,696
33,131
1,832
610
1232005
58,225
8,017
14,292
10,603
3,096
593
35,915
33,380
1,818
597
1212006
59,050
8,091
14,545
10,693
3,261
591
36,414
33,880
1,752
639
1422007
58,490
7,914
14,264
10,392
3,265
608
36,312
33,718
1,847
597
1492008
59,183
8,083
14,622
10,567
3,435
620
36,477
33,930
1,739
650
1582009
58,516
8,466
15,035
10,565
3,849
621
35,015
32,327
1,789
739
1602010
58,135
8,626
15,406
10,880
3,935
591
34,103
31,425
1,783
722
1722011
59,071
9,152
15,972
11,301
4,015
656
33,947
31,212
1,833
739
1632012
59,327
9,101
15,831
11,271
3,891
669
34,395
31,594
1,881
750
1702013
59,795
9,556
15,825
11,368
3,788
669
34,414
31,685
1,849
711
1692014
60,091
9,434
15,627
11,240
3,767
620
35,030
32,000
2,082
764
183Note: Data reflect earnings and work experience for the entire year. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplements, 1968–2015.




Table 24B. Married-couple families, by number and relationship of earners, 1967–2014 (Percent distribution)

Year
Married-couple familiesTotal
No earners
One earner
Two or more earnersTotal
Husband only
Wife only
Other family member
Total
Husband and wife
Husband and other family member
Wife and other family member
Husband and wife are not earners1967
100.0
6.8
38.1
35.6
1.7
0.8
55.1
43.6
10.7
-
-1968
100.0
6.6
37.4
34.9
1.7
.8
56.1
45.0
10.3
-
-1969
100.0
6.8
36.6
34.1
1.8
.8
56.6
45.7
10.2
-
-1970
100.0
7.3
35.9
33.3
1.9
.7
56.8
45.7
10.3
-
-1971
100.0
7.6
36.7
33.7
2.2
.7
55.8
44.9
10.1
-
-1972
100.0
7.8
36.0
33.0
2.2
.9
56.2
45.7
9.8
-
-1973
100.0
8.5
34.1
30.8
2.4
.9
57.4
46.9
9.6
-
-1974
100.0
9.1
33.3
29.8
2.6
1.0
57.6
47.3
9.4
-
-1975
100.0
10.3
33.9
30.0
2.9
1.0
55.8
46.7
8.1
-
-1976
100.0
10.3
32.5
28.4
3.0
1.1
57.2
48.0
8.0
-
-1977
100.0
10.8
31.4
27.3
3.0
1.1
57.8
48.8
7.9
-
-1978
100.0
10.8
29.8
25.6
3.1
1.1
59.4
50.8
7.4
-
-1979
100.0
11.3
28.3
24.3
3.1
1.0
60.4
52.1
7.1
-
-1980
100.0
12.0
28.2
23.6
3.5
1.2
59.8
51.8
6.9
-
-1981
100.0
12.5
27.8
23.2
3.4
1.3
59.6
51.8
6.5
-
-1982
100.0
12.9
28.5
23.2
4.1
1.2
58.6
50.8
6.3
-
-1983
100.0
13.1
27.3
22.1
3.9
1.3
59.6
52.1
6.0
-
-1984
100.0
13.2
25.7
20.8
3.7
1.2
61.1
53.6
5.7
-
-1985
100.0
13.1
25.4
20.4
3.7
1.3
61.4
54.5
5.4
-
-1986
100.0
13.1
24.4
19.4
3.7
1.3
62.6
55.9
5.3
-
-1987
100.0
13.0
24.0
18.9
3.8
1.4
63.0
56.6
5.0
-
-1988
100.0
13.0
22.8
18.1
3.4
1.2
64.3
58.6
4.4
1.0
0.31989
100.0
13.0
22.4
17.6
3.5
1.3
64.6
58.9
4.5
.8
.31990
100.0
13.0
22.3
17.4
3.5
1.3
64.8
59.0
4.5
.9
.31991
100.0
13.5
21.9
16.9
3.8
1.3
64.6
59.1
4.1
1.0
.41992
100.0
13.6
22.5
17.1
4.0
1.3
63.9
58.7
3.6
1.2
.41993
100.0
13.7
22.2
16.4
4.5
1.3
64.1
58.8
3.9
1.2
.31994
100.0
13.4
21.8
16.2
4.4
1.3
64.8
59.6
3.8
1.1
.31995
100.0
13.6
21.9
16.5
4.2
1.2
64.5
59.8
3.5
1.0
.21996
100.0
13.3
21.5
16.2
4.1
1.3
65.1
60.4
3.5
1.0
.21997
100.0
13.4
21.6
16.2
4.2
1.2
65.0
60.3
3.4
1.0
.31998
100.0
13.2
22.4
16.8
4.4
1.2
64.4
59.8
3.1
1.1
.31999
100.0
12.9
22.3
16.4
4.7
1.2
64.8
60.3
3.3
.9
.32000
100.0
13.2
22.5
16.8
4.6
1.1
64.4
59.8
3.3
1.0
.22001
100.0
13.5
22.7
16.9
4.8
1.0
63.8
59.3
3.3
.9
.22002
100.0
13.6
23.5
17.6
4.9
1.0
62.9
58.5
3.2
1.0
.22003
100.0
13.9
24.3
18.1
5.2
1.0
61.8
57.5
3.1
.9
.22004
100.0
13.8
24.7
18.6
5.2
.9
61.5
57.1
3.2
1.0
.22005
100.0
13.8
24.5
18.2
5.3
1.0
61.7
57.3
3.1
1.0
.22006
100.0
13.7
24.6
18.1
5.5
1.0
61.7
57.4
3.0
1.1
.22007
100.0
13.5
24.4
17.8
5.6
1.0
62.1
57.6
3.2
1.0
.32008
100.0
13.7
24.7
17.9
5.8
1.0
61.6
57.3
2.9
1.1
.32009
100.0
14.5
25.7
18.1
6.6
1.1
59.8
55.2
3.1
1.3
.32010
100.0
14.8
26.5
18.7
6.8
1.0
58.7
54.1
3.1
1.2
.32011
100.0
15.5
27.0
19.1
6.8
1.1
57.5
52.8
3.1
1.3
.32012
100.0
15.3
26.7
19.0
6.6
1.1
58.0
53.3
3.2
1.3
.32013
100.0
16.0
26.5
19.0
6.3
1.1
57.6
53.0
3.1
1.2
.32014
100.0
15.7
26.0
18.7
6.3
1.0
58.3
53.3
3.5
1.3
.3Note: Data reflect earnings and work experience for the entire year. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplements, 1968–2015.



Table 25. Contribution of wives' earnings to family income, 1970–2014

Year
Contribution to family income (median percentage)1970
26.61971
27.51972
26.71973
26.01974
25.41975
26.31976
26.41977
26.11978
26.11979
26.01980
26.71981
27.31982
28.41983
28.81984
28.41985
28.31986
29.01987
29.51988
29.61989
29.91990
30.71991
31.31992
32.41993
32.21994
31.91995
31.91996
32.61997
32.71998
32.81999
32.82000
33.52001
34.42002
34.82003
35.22004
34.92005
35.12006
35.62007
36.02008
36.02009
37.12010
37.62011
37.02012
37.32013
37.32014
36.0Note: Data reflect earnings and work experience for the entire year.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplements, 1971–2015.



Table 26. Wives who earn more than their husbands, 1987–2014 (Numbers in thousands)

Year
Families in which wives have earnings but husbands may not1
Families in which both wives and husbands have earnings2Married-couple families in which wife (but not necessarily husband) have earnings from work
Wives who earn more than their husbands
Percentage of wives who earn more than their husbands
Married-couple families in which both wife and husband have earnings from work
Wives who earn more than their husbands
Percentage of wives who earn more than their husbands1987
32,025
7,581
23.7
29,755
5,311
17.81988
32,810
7,827
23.9
30,503
5,520
18.11989
33,119
8,068
24.4
30,848
5,796
18.81990
33,093
8,221
24.8
30,794
5,923
19.21991
33,516
8,983
26.8
30,998
6,465
20.91992
33,987
9,715
28.6
31,221
6,948
22.31993
34,286
10,000
29.2
31,264
6,978
22.31994
35,066
10,184
29.0
32,091
7,209
22.51995
34,819
9,822
28.2
32,030
7,033
22.01996
35,120
10,070
28.7
32,389
7,340
22.71997
35,613
10,309
28.9
32,745
7,441
22.71998
35,807
10,468
29.2
32,782
7,443
22.71999
36,454
10,548
28.9
33,340
7,434
22.32000
37,037
11,070
29.9
33,873
7,906
23.32001
36,864
11,329
30.7
33,665
8,130
24.12002
36,905
11,765
31.9
33,531
8,391
25.02003
36,761
11,923
32.4
33,189
8,351
25.22004
36,710
11,985
32.6
33,110
8,386
25.32005
37,055
12,215
33.0
33,364
8,524
25.52006
37,733
12,601
33.4
33,838
8,707
25.72007
37,536
12,570
33.5
33,678
8,712
25.92008
37,988
13,104
34.5
33,905
9,020
26.62009
36,858
13,903
37.7
32,280
9,326
28.92010
36,024
13,798
38.3
31,373
9,147
29.22011
35,908
13,505
37.6
31,165
8,762
28.12012
36,181
13,779
38.1
31,549
9,147
29.02013
36,138
13,779
38.1
31,646
9,287
29.32014
36,489
13,530
37.1
31,963
9,005
28.21 Includes families in which husband had no earnings from work.

2 Excludes families in which husband had no earnings from work.

Note: Data reflect earnings and work experience for the entire year. Earnings include self-employment earnings.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplements, 1988–2015.




Table 27. Working poor: Poverty status of people in the labor force for 27 weeks or more, by age, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2014 (Numbers in thousands)

Age and gender
Total
Below poverty level
Rate1Total
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicityTotal, 16 years and older
150,319
118,831
18,076
8,747
24,335
9,487
6,503
2,112
379
2,843
6.3
5.5
11.7
4.3
11.716 to 19 years
3,303
2,581
414
118
687
343
235
71
10
88
10.4
9.1
17.1
8.7
12.820 to 24 years
13,234
10,129
1,959
544
2,816
1,605
1,140
367
39
363
12.1
11.2
18.8
7.2
12.925 to 34 years
33,239
25,397
4,420
2,181
6,513
2,762
1,757
722
101
872
8.3
6.9
16.3
4.6
13.435 to 44 years
31,936
24,516
4,084
2,213
6,161
2,134
1,468
453
95
818
6.7
6.0
11.1
4.3
13.345 to 54 years
33,356
26,653
3,930
1,954
4,901
1,597
1,113
321
96
488
4.8
4.2
8.2
4.9
10.055 to 64 years
26,139
21,707
2,587
1,335
2,564
864
647
149
30
180
3.3
3.0
5.7
2.2
7.065 years and older
9,110
7,847
681
402
693
181
144
29
8
33
2.0
1.8
4.2
1.9
4.8Women, 16 years and older
70,180
54,167
9,645
4,088
10,206
5,078
3,213
1,407
187
1,282
7.2
5.9
14.6
4.6
12.616 to 19 years
1,728
1,323
229
69
331
203
125
49
8
49
11.8
9.4
21.5
( 2 )
14.720 to 24 years
6,392
4,797
1,022
259
1,237
982
656
262
21
191
15.4
13.7
25.7
7.9
15.525 to 34 years
15,119
11,233
2,324
998
2,567
1,497
884
476
43
412
9.9
7.9
20.5
4.3
16.135 to 44 years
14,718
10,954
2,190
1,034
2,514
1,041
631
299
54
310
7.1
5.8
13.6
5.3
12.345 to 54 years
15,724
12,275
2,134
909
2,139
786
518
193
42
218
5.0
4.2
9.0
4.6
10.255 to 64 years
12,390
10,121
1,375
641
1,107
479
334
106
16
87
3.9
3.3
7.7
2.5
7.865 years and older
4,109
3,465
371
177
310
91
65
21
4
15
2.2
1.9
5.8
2.5
4.9Men, 16 years and older
80,139
64,664
8,430
4,659
14,130
4,409
3,290
705
191
1,561
5.5
5.1
8.4
4.1
11.116 to 19 years
1,576
1,259
185
49
356
140
110
22
3
40
8.9
8.7
11.7
( 2 )
11.120 to 24 years
6,842
5,333
937
284
1,579
623
484
105
18
171
9.1
9.1
11.2
6.5
10.925 to 34 years
18,120
14,164
2,096
1,182
3,946
1,265
873
247
58
460
7.0
6.2
11.8
4.9
11.735 to 44 years
17,218
13,562
1,894
1,179
3,647
1,093
837
154
41
509
6.3
6.2
8.1
3.5
13.945 to 54 years
17,632
14,378
1,796
1,046
2,762
811
595
128
55
270
4.6
4.1
7.1
5.2
9.855 to 64 years
13,749
11,586
1,213
693
1,457
386
313
42
14
93
2.8
2.7
3.5
2.0
6.465 years and older
5,001
4,383
310
226
383
91
79
7
3
18
1.8
1.8
2.4
1.3
4.71 Number below the poverty level as a percentage of the total in the labor force for 27 or more weeks.

2 Data not shown where labor force base is less than 80,000.

Note: These data reflect the earnings and work experience for the entire year. Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Source: 2015 Annual Social and Economic Supplement, Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.




Table 28. Displaced workers,1 by age, gender, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and employment status, January 2016

Age, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total in thousands
Percentage distribution by employment statusTotal
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor forceTotal, 20 years and older
3,191
100.0
65.5
15.9
18.620 to 24 years
71
100.0
(2)
(2)
(2)25 to 54 years
2,023
100.0
72.5
17.1
10.455 to 64 years
853
100.0
60.0
15.0
24.964 years and older
245
100.0
26.5
10.7
62.8Women, 20 years and older
1,419
100.0
64.1
16.3
19.620 to 24 years
38
100.0
(2)
(2)
(2)25 to 54 years
872
100.0
72.3
17.0
10.755 to 64 years
383
100.0
56.8
15.0
28.264 years and older
125
100.0
28.9
13.3
57.8Men, 20 years and older
1,773
100.0
66.5
15.7
17.820 to 24 years
33
100.0
(2)
(2)
(2)25 to 54 years
1,151
100.0
72.7
17.2
10.155 to 64 years
469
100.0
62.6
15.1
22.364 years and older
119
100.0
24.0
7.9
68.1WhiteTotal, 20 years and older
2,573
100.0
66.5
14.8
18.6Women
1,123
100.0
65.0
14.9
20.1Men
1,450
100.0
67.7
14.8
17.5Black or African AmericanTotal, 20 years and older
394
100.0
61.5
20.3
18.2Women
224
100.0
62.5
20.9
16.6Men
170
100.0
60.1
19.6
20.3AsianTotal, 20 years and older
145
100.0
54.9
24.7
20.3Women
49
100.0
(2)
(2)
(2)Men
96
100.0
59.4
20.3
20.3Hispanic or Latino ethnicityTotal, 20 years and older
423
100.0
69.4
14.3
16.3Women
187
100.0
61.9
18.4
19.6Men
236
100.0
75.4
11.0
13.71 Workers who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2013 and December 2015 because of plant or company closings or relocations, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.

2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, January 2016 Displaced Worker Supplement.




Table 29. Employed wage and salary workers, by age, gender, and median years of tenure with current employer, selected years, 2002–2016

Age and gender
January 2002
January 2004
January 2006
January 2008
January 2010
January 2012
January 2014
January 2016Total, 16 years and older
3.7
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.4
4.6
4.6
4.216 to 17 years
.7
.7
.6
.7
.7
.7
.7
.618 to 19 years
.8
.8
.7
.8
1.0
.8
.8
.820 to 24 years
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.325 years and older
4.7
4.9
4.9
5.1
5.2
5.4
5.5
5.125 to 34 years
2.7
2.9
2.9
2.7
3.1
3.2
3.0
2.835 to 44 years
4.6
4.9
4.9
4.9
5.1
5.3
5.2
4.945 to 54 years
7.6
7.7
7.3
7.6
7.8
7.8
7.9
7.955 to 64 years
9.9
9.6
9.3
9.9
10.0
10.3
10.4
10.165 years and older
8.6
9.0
8.8
10.2
9.9
10.3
10.3
10.3Women, 16 years and older
3.4
3.8
3.9
3.9
4.2
4.6
4.5
4.016 to 17 years
.7
.6
.6
.6
.7
.7
.7
.618 to 19 years
.8
.8
.7
.8
1.0
.8
.8
.820 to 24 years
1.1
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.225 years and older
4.4
4.7
4.8
4.9
5.1
5.4
5.4
5.025 to 34 years
2.5
2.8
2.8
2.6
3.0
3.1
2.9
2.635 to 44 years
4.2
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.9
5.2
5.1
4.845 to 54 years
6.5
6.4
6.7
7.0
7.1
7.3
7.6
7.555 to 64 years
9.6
9.2
9.2
9.8
9.7
10.0
10.2
10.065 years and older
9.4
9.6
9.5
9.9
10.1
10.5
10.5
10.4Men, 16 years and older
3.9
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.6
4.7
4.7
4.316 to 17 years
.8
.7
.7
.7
.7
.6
.7
.618 to 19 years
.8
.8
.7
.8
1.0
.8
.9
.820 to 24 years
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.325 years and older
4.9
5.1
5.0
5.2
5.3
5.5
5.5
5.225 to 34 years
2.8
3.0
2.9
2.8
3.2
3.2
3.1
2.935 to 44 years
5.0
5.2
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.045 to 54 years
9.1
9.6
8.1
8.2
8.5
8.5
8.2
8.455 to 64 years
10.2
9.8
9.5
10.1
10.4
10.7
10.7
10.265 years and older
8.1
8.2
8.3
10.4
9.7
10.2
10.0
10.2Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, January 2002–2016 Displaced Worker Supplement.




Table 30. Labor force status of 2015 high school graduates and 2014–2015 high school dropouts 16 to 24 years old, by school enrollment and gender, October 2015 (Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Not in labor forceTotal
Percentage of population
Employed
UnemployedTotal
Percentage of population
Total
Percentage of labor forceTotal, 2015 high school graduates1
2,965
1,401
47.3
1,171
39.5
230
16.4
1,563Women
1,516
659
43.5
543
35.8
116
17.7
857Men
1,448
742
51.2
628
43.4
114
15.3
706Enrolled in college
2,053
738
36.0
645
31.4
93
12.6
1,314Percentage of total 2015 graduates
69.2
52.7
-
55.1
-
40.4
-
84.1Women
1,100
377
34.3
343
31.2
34
9.0
723Percentage of female 2015 graduates
72.6
57.2
-
63.2
-
29.3
-
84.4Men
953
361
37.9
302
31.7
59
16.3
592Percentage of male 2015 graduates
65.8
48.7
-
48.1
-
51.8
-
83.9Not enrolled in college
912
663
72.7
526
57.7
137
20.7
249Percentage of total 2015 graduates
30.8
47.3
-
44.9
-
59.6
-
15.9Women
416
282
67.7
199
47.9
82
29.3
135Percentage of female 2015 graduates
27.4
42.8
-
36.6
-
70.7
-
15.8Men
495
381
76.9
326
65.9
55
14.3
114Percentage of male 2015 graduates
34.2
51.3
-
51.9
-
48.2
-
16.1Total, 2014–2015 high school dropouts2
521
239
45.9
192
36.8
47
19.8
282Women
240
104
43.3
91
37.8
13
12.7
136Men
281
135
48.1
101
36.0
34
25.2
1461 Data refer to people who graduated from high school in January through October 2015.

2 Data refer to people who dropped out of school between October 2014 and October 2015.

Note: Sums of individual items may not equal totals because of rounding.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, School Enrollment Supplement, October 2015.




Table 31. Labor force status of people 16 to 24 years old, by school enrollment, gender, and educational attainment, October 2015 (Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Not in labor forceTotal
Percentage of population
Employed
UnemployedTotal
Percentage of population
Total
Percentage of labor forceEnrolled in school
21,948
7,943
36.2
7,242
33.0
702
8.8
14,005Women
11,226
4,317
38.5
3,997
35.6
321
7.4
6,907Men
10,722
3,626
33.8
3,245
30.3
381
10.5
7,098Enrolled in high school1
9,604
2,050
21.3
1,752
18.2
299
14.6
7,554Women
4,667
1,051
22.5
903
19.3
149
14.1
3,615Men
4,937
999
20.2
849
17.2
150
15.0
3,939Enrolled in college
12,344
5,893
47.7
5,490
44.5
403
6.8
6,451Women
6,559
3,266
49.8
3,094
47.2
172
5.3
3,292Men
5,785
2,627
45.4
2,396
41.4
231
8.8
3,159Not enrolled in school
16,543
13,246
80.1
11,703
70.7
1,543
11.7
3,297Women
7,874
5,958
75.7
5,268
66.9
690
11.6
1,916Less than a high school diploma
1,034
461
44.6
357
34.5
104
22.6
573High school graduates, no college2
3,175
2,302
72.5
1,951
61.4
351
15.2
874Some college or associate's degree
2,147
1,796
83.6
1,669
77.7
127
7.1
351Bachelor’s degree and higher
1,517
1,399
92.3
1,291
85.1
108
7.7
117Men
8,670
7,289
84.1
6,436
74.2
853
11.7
1,381Less than a high school diploma
1,220
799
65.5
584
47.9
216
27.0
420High school graduates, no college2
4,243
3,578
84.3
3,144
74.1
434
12.1
665Some college or associate's degree
2,101
1,855
88.3
1,699
80.9
156
8.4
247Bachelor’s degree and higher
1,106
1,057
95.5
1,009
91.2
48
4.5
491 Includes a small number of people enrolled in grades below high school.

2 Includes those who have earned a high school diploma or the equivalent.

Note: Sums of individual items may not equal totals because of rounding.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, School Enrollment Supplement, October 2015.



Table 32. Multiple jobholders and multiple jobholding rates, by gender, 1994–2015 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Year
Total employed
Multiple jobholders
Multiple-jobholding rate1Total
Women
Men
Total
Women
MenNumber
Percentage of all multiple jobholders1994
123,060
7,260
3,336
46.0
3,924
5.9
5.9
5.91995
124,900
7,693
3,554
46.2
4,139
6.2
6.2
6.11996
126,708
7,832
3,640
46.5
4,192
6.2
6.2
6.11997
129,558
7,955
3,718
46.7
4,237
6.1
6.2
6.11998
131,463
7,926
3,748
47.3
4,178
6.0
6.2
5.91999
133,488
7,802
3,698
47.4
4,104
5.8
6.0
5.72000
136,891
7,604
3,608
47.4
3,996
5.6
5.7
5.52001
136,933
7,357
3,523
47.9
3,834
5.4
5.5
5.22002
136,485
7,291
3,557
48.8
3,734
5.3
5.6
5.12003
137,736
7,315
3,599
49.2
3,716
5.3
5.6
5.12004
139,252
7,473
3,638
48.7
3,835
5.4
5.6
5.12005
141,730
7,546
3,691
48.9
3,855
5.3
5.6
5.12006
144,427
7,576
3,753
49.5
3,822
5.2
5.6
4.92007
146,047
7,655
3,822
49.9
3,833
5.2
5.6
4.92008
145,362
7,620
3,783
49.6
3,837
5.2
5.6
5.02009
139,877
7,271
3,741
51.5
3,530
5.2
5.6
4.82010
139,064
6,878
3,552
51.6
3,326
4.9
5.4
4.52011
139,869
6,880
3,496
50.8
3,384
4.9
5.3
4.62012
142,469
6,943
3,495
50.3
3,448
4.9
5.2
4.62013
143,929
7,002
3,517
50.2
3,486
4.9
5.2
4.62014
146,305
7,146
3,636
50.9
3,511
4.9
5.3
4.52015
148,834
7,262
3,692
50.8
3,571
4.9
5.3
4.51 Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed people in specified group.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.



Table 33. Unincorporated self-employed people in nonagricultural industries, by gender, 1976–2015 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Year
Total
Women
Men
Self-employed women as percentage of total self-employedTotal employed
Self-employed
Self-employed as a percentage of total
Total employed
Self-employed
Self-employed as a percentage of total
Total employed
Self-employed
Self-employed as a percentage of total1976
85,421
5,782
6.8
35,027
1,549
4.4
50,394
4,233
8.4
26.81977
88,734
6,115
6.9
36,677
1,692
4.6
52,057
4,423
8.5
27.71978
92,661
6,428
6.9
38,900
1,814
4.7
53,761
4,614
8.6
28.21979
95,477
6,792
7.1
40,556
1,982
4.9
54,921
4,810
8.8
29.21980
95,938
7,001
7.3
41,461
2,097
5.1
54,477
4,904
9.0
30.01981
97,030
7,097
7.3
42,333
2,192
5.2
54,697
4,905
9.0
30.91982
96,125
7,263
7.6
42,591
2,309
5.4
53,534
4,954
9.3
31.81983
97,450
7,575
7.8
43,367
2,439
5.6
54,083
5,136
9.5
32.21984
101,685
7,785
7.7
45,262
2,566
5.7
56,423
5,219
9.2
33.01985
103,971
7,810
7.5
46,615
2,603
5.6
57,356
5,207
9.1
33.31986
106,435
7,881
7.4
48,054
2,610
5.4
58,381
5,271
9.0
33.11987
109,232
8,201
7.5
49,668
2,778
5.6
59,564
5,423
9.1
33.91988
111,800
8,519
7.6
51,020
2,955
5.8
60,780
5,564
9.2
34.71989
114,143
8,605
7.5
52,341
3,043
5.8
61,802
5,562
9.0
35.41990
115,570
8,719
7.5
53,011
3,122
5.9
62,559
5,597
8.9
35.81991
114,449
8,850
7.7
52,815
3,150
6.0
61,634
5,700
9.2
35.61992
115,246
8,576
7.4
53,380
2,963
5.6
61,866
5,613
9.1
34.51993
117,144
8,959
7.6
54,273
3,065
5.6
62,871
5,894
9.4
34.21994
119,651
9,003
7.5
55,755
3,443
6.2
63,896
5,560
8.7
38.21995
121,460
8,901
7.3
56,642
3,440
6.1
64,818
5,461
8.4
38.61996
123,264
8,971
7.3
57,630
3,506
6.1
65,634
5,465
8.3
39.11997
126,159
9,056
7.2
59,026
3,550
6.0
67,133
5,506
8.2
39.21998
128,085
8,962
7.0
59,945
3,482
5.8
68,140
5,480
8.0
38.91999
130,207
8,790
6.8
61,193
3,424
5.6
69,014
5,366
7.8
39.02000
134,427
9,205
6.8
62,983
3,631
5.8
71,444
5,573
7.8
39.42001
134,635
9,121
6.8
63,147
3,594
5.7
71,488
5,527
7.7
39.42002
134,174
8,923
6.7
62,995
3,499
5.6
71,179
5,425
7.6
39.22003
135,461
9,344
6.9
63,824
3,609
5.7
71,636
5,736
8.0
38.62004
137,020
9,467
6.9
64,182
3,607
5.6
72,838
5,860
8.0
38.12005
139,532
9,509
6.8
65,213
3,565
5.5
74,319
5,944
8.0
37.52006
142,221
9,685
6.8
66,382
3,681
5.5
75,838
6,004
7.9
38.02007
143,952
9,557
6.6
67,302
3,637
5.4
76,650
5,920
7.7
38.12008
143,194
9,219
6.4
67,358
3,483
5.2
75,836
5,736
7.6
37.82009
137,775
8,995
6.5
65,712
3,468
5.3
72,062
5,527
7.7
38.62010
136,858
8,860
6.5
65,164
3,388
5.2
71,694
5,472
7.6
38.22011
137,615
8,603
6.3
65,023
3,341
5.1
72,592
5,262
7.2
38.82012
140,283
8,749
6.2
66,353
3,483
5.2
73,930
5,266
7.1
39.82013
141,799
8,619
6.1
67,058
3,508
5.2
74,742
5,111
6.8
40.72014
144,068
8,602
6.0
68,061
3,444
5.1
76,007
5,158
6.8
40.02015
146,411
8,665
5.9
69,106
3,396
4.9
77,305
5,269
6.7
39.2Note: Revisions to population controls and other changes can affect the comparability of labor force levels over time. In recent years, for example, updated population controls have been introduced annually with the release of January data. Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 34. Employment status of the native-born and foreign-born civilian noninstitutional population, by age and gender, 2015 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Native- or foreign-born status, age, and gender
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Not in labor forceTotal
Percentage of population
Employed
UnemployedTotal
Percentage of population
Total
Percentage of labor forceTotalNative born 16 years and older1
210,544
130,872
62.2
123,871
58.8
7,002
5.4
79,67116 to 24 years
34,965
19,362
55.4
17,082
48.9
2,280
11.8
15,60225 to 34 years
35,111
28,989
82.6
27,369
77.9
1,620
5.6
6,12235 to 44 years
30,548
25,420
83.2
24,373
79.8
1,048
4.1
5,12745 to 54 years
34,495
27,389
79.4
26,395
76.5
994
3.6
7,10655 to 64 years
34,796
22,063
63.4
21,278
61.2
785
3.6
12,73365 years and older
40,630
7,649
18.8
7,374
18.1
275
3.6
32,981Foreign born 16 years and older2
40,257
26,258
65.2
24,963
62.0
1,295
4.9
14,00016 to 24 years
3,625
1,861
51.3
1,674
46.2
187
10.0
1,76525 to 34 years
7,660
5,657
73.9
5,373
70.1
284
5.0
2,00335 to 44 years
9,153
7,183
78.5
6,880
75.2
303
4.2
1,97045 to 54 years
8,142
6,513
80.0
6,248
76.7
265
4.1
1,62955 to 64 years
5,798
3,891
67.1
3,698
63.8
193
5.0
1,90765 years and older
5,879
1,152
19.6
1,090
18.5
62
5.4
4,727WomenNative born 16 years and older1
108,991
62,548
57.4
59,355
54.5
3,193
5.1
46,44316 to 24 years
17,362
9,508
54.8
8,528
49.1
980
10.3
7,85425 to 34 years
17,885
13,718
76.7
12,979
72.6
739
5.4
4,16735 to 44 years
15,606
12,087
77.4
11,592
74.3
495
4.1
3,51945 to 54 years
17,689
13,181
74.5
12,696
71.8
485
3.7
4,50855 to 64 years
18,039
10,596
58.7
10,235
56.7
361
3.4
7,44365 years and older
22,410
3,459
15.4
3,326
14.8
133
3.9
18,951Foreign born 16 years and older2
20,709
10,961
52.9
10,348
50.0
613
5.6
9,74716 to 24 years
1,786
793
44.4
701
39.3
92
11.6
99325 to 34 years
3,744
2,153
57.5
2,018
53.9
135
6.3
1,59135 to 44 years
4,651
2,960
63.6
2,799
60.2
161
5.4
1,69145 to 54 years
4,109
2,828
68.8
2,703
65.8
125
4.4
1,28155 to 64 years
3,037
1,731
57.0
1,649
54.3
81
4.7
1,30665 years and older
3,382
497
14.7
478
14.1
19
3.9
2,885MenNative born 16 years and older1
101,553
68,324
67.3
64,516
63.5
3,808
5.6
33,22816 to 24 years
17,603
9,855
56.0
8,555
48.6
1,300
13.2
7,74825 to 34 years
17,226
15,272
88.7
14,390
83.5
881
5.8
1,95435 to 44 years
14,942
13,333
89.2
12,781
85.5
553
4.1
1,60845 to 54 years
16,806
14,208
84.5
13,699
81.5
509
3.6
2,59855 to 64 years
16,757
11,467
68.4
11,043
65.9
424
3.7
5,29065 years and older
18,219
4,189
23.0
4,048
22.2
141
3.4
14,030Foreign born 16 years and older2
19,548
15,296
78.2
14,615
74.8
681
4.5
4,25216 to 24 years
1,839
1,068
58.1
973
52.9
95
8.9
77125 to 34 years
3,916
3,504
89.5
3,355
85.7
149
4.3
41235 to 44 years
4,502
4,223
93.8
4,080
90.6
143
3.4
27945 to 54 years
4,033
3,686
91.4
3,546
87.9
140
3.8
34755 to 64 years
2,761
2,160
78.2
2,048
74.2
112
5.2
60165 years and older
2,497
655
26.2
613
24.5
43
6.5
1,8421 The native born are people who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas, such as Puerto Rico or Guam, or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

2 The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas, such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents who were not U.S. citizens. This group includes legally admitted immigrants, refugees, students, temporary workers, and undocumented immigrants. The survey data, however, do not separately identify the number of people in these categories.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.



Table 35. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers, by gender, 1983–2015 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Year
Total
Women
MenTotal employed
Members of unions1
Represented by unions2
Total employed
Members of unions1
Represented by unions2
Total employed
Members of unions1
Represented by unions2Total
Percentage of employed
Total
Percentage of employed
Total
Percentage of employed
Total
Percentage of employed
Total
Percentage of employed
Total
Percentage of employed1983
88,290
17,717
20.1
20,532
23.3
40,433
5,908
14.6
7,262
18.0
47,856
11,809
24.7
13,270
27.71984
92,194
17,340
18.8
19,932
21.6
42,172
5,829
13.8
7,100
16.8
50,022
11,511
23.0
12,832
25.71985
94,521
16,996
18.0
19,358
20.5
43,506
5,732
13.2
6,910
15.9
51,015
11,264
22.1
12,448
24.41986
96,903
16,975
17.5
19,278
19.9
44,961
5,802
12.9
6,961
15.5
51,942
11,173
21.5
12,317
23.71987
99,303
16,913
17.0
19,051
19.2
46,365
5,842
12.6
6,907
14.9
52,938
11,071
20.9
12,144
22.91988
101,407
17,002
16.8
19,241
19.0
47,495
5,982
12.6
7,109
15.0
53,912
11,019
20.4
12,132
22.51989
103,480
16,960
16.4
19,198
18.6
48,691
6,141
12.6
7,243
14.9
54,789
10,820
19.7
11,955
21.81990
104,876
16,776
16.0
19,105
18.2
49,323
6,179
12.5
7,330
14.9
55,553
10,597
19.1
11,775
21.21991
103,723
16,612
16.0
18,790
18.1
49,105
6,142
12.5
7,247
14.8
54,618
10,470
19.2
11,542
21.11992
104,668
16,418
15.7
18,578
17.7
49,842
6,274
12.6
7,411
14.9
54,826
10,144
18.5
11,167
20.41993
106,101
16,627
15.7
18,682
17.6
50,626
6,516
12.9
7,610
15.0
55,475
10,112
18.2
11,072
20.01994
107,989
16,748
15.5
18,850
17.5
51,419
6,642
12.9
7,740
15.1
56,570
10,106
17.9
11,110
19.61995
110,038
16,360
14.9
18,346
16.7
52,369
6,430
12.3
7,479
14.3
57,669
9,929
17.2
10,868
18.81996
111,960
16,269
14.5
18,158
16.2
53,488
6,410
12.0
7,397
13.8
58,473
9,859
16.9
10,761
18.41997
114,533
16,110
14.1
17,923
15.6
54,708
6,347
11.6
7,304
13.4
59,825
9,763
16.3
10,619
17.71998
116,730
16,211
13.9
17,918
15.4
55,757
6,362
11.4
7,280
13.1
60,973
9,850
16.2
10,638
17.41999
118,963
16,477
13.9
18,182
15.3
57,050
6,528
11.4
7,425
13.0
61,914
9,949
16.1
10,758
17.42000
122,089
16,334
13.4
18,153
14.9
58,427
6,671
11.4
7,662
13.1
63,662
9,664
15.2
10,491
16.52001
122,229
16,305
13.3
18,026
14.7
58,582
6,768
11.6
7,672
13.1
63,647
9,538
15.0
10,354
16.32002
121,826
16,145
13.3
17,695
14.5
58,555
6,820
11.6
7,629
13.0
63,272
9,325
14.7
10,066
15.92003
122,358
15,776
12.9
17,448
14.3
59,122
6,732
11.4
7,601
12.9
63,236
9,044
14.3
9,848
15.62004
123,554
15,472
12.5
17,087
13.8
59,408
6,593
11.1
7,450
12.5
64,145
8,878
13.8
9,638
15.02005
125,889
15,685
12.5
17,223
13.7
60,423
6,815
11.3
7,626
12.6
65,466
8,870
13.5
9,597
14.72006
128,237
15,359
12.0
16,860
13.1
61,426
6,702
10.9
7,501
12.2
66,811
8,657
13.0
9,360
14.02007
129,767
15,670
12.1
17,243
13.3
62,299
6,903
11.1
7,749
12.4
67,468
8,767
13.0
9,494
14.12008
129,377
16,098
12.4
17,761
13.7
62,532
7,160
11.4
8,036
12.9
66,846
8,938
13.4
9,724
14.52009
124,490
15,327
12.3
16,904
13.6
60,951
6,887
11.3
7,727
12.7
63,539
8,441
13.3
9,176
14.42010
124,073
14,715
11.9
16,290
13.1
60,542
6,722
11.1
7,528
12.4
63,531
7,994
12.6
8,761
13.82011
125,187
14,764
11.8
16,290
13.0
60,502
6,758
11.2
7,558
12.5
64,686
8,006
12.4
8,731
13.52012
127,577
14,366
11.3
15,922
12.5
61,679
6,470
10.5
7,311
11.9
65,898
7,895
12.0
8,611
13.12013
129,110
14,528
11.3
16,028
12.4
62,316
6,573
10.5
7,340
11.8
66,794
7,955
11.9
8,688
13.02014
131,431
14,576
11.1
16,152
12.3
63,383
6,638
10.5
7,434
11.7
68,048
7,939
11.7
8,717
12.82015
133,743
14,795
11.1
16,441
12.3
64,445
6,833
10.6
7,681
11.9
69,298
7,963
11.5
8,760
12.61 Members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.

2 Members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union, as well as workers who are not members of unions but whose jobs are covered by a union or employee association contract.

Note: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated and unincorporated businesses. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 36. Employment status of people, 18 years and older, by veteran status, period of service, and gender, 2015 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Veteran status, employment status, and period of service
Total
Women
Men
Women as a percentage of totalTotal veteransCivilian noninstitutional population
21,209
1,997
19,212
9.4Civilian labor force
10,757
1,241
9,517
11.5Participation rate
50.7
62.1
49.5Employed
10,263
1,174
9,089
11.4Employment-population ratio
48.4
58.8
47.3Unemployed
495
67
428
13.5Unemployment rate
4.6
5.4
4.5Not in labor force
10,452
757
9,695
7.2Gulf War-era II veteransCivilian noninstitutional population
3,594
635
2,959
17.7Civilian labor force
2,913
451
2,462
15.5Participation rate
81.0
71.0
83.2Employed
2,745
422
2,322
15.4Employment-population ratio
76.4
66.4
78.5Unemployed
168
29
140
17.3Unemployment rate
5.8
6.4
5.7Not in labor force
681
184
497
27.0Gulf War-era I veteransCivilian noninstitutional population
3,440
529
2,911
15.4Civilian labor force
2,768
389
2,378
14.1Participation rate
80.4
73.6
81.7Employed
2,662
368
2,294
13.8Employment-population ratio
77.4
69.5
78.8Unemployed
105
21
84
20.0Unemployment rate
3.8
5.5
3.5Not in labor force
673
140
533
20.8World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veteransCivilian noninstitutional population
8,901
317
8,585
3.6Civilian labor force
2,350
86.0
2,264
3.7Participation rate
26.4
27.2
26.4Employed
2,248
80
2,168
3.6Employment-population ratio
25.3
25.3
25.3Unemployed
102
6
96
5.9Unemployment rate
4.3
6.8
4.2Not in labor force
6,551
231
6,320
3.5Veterans of other service periodsCivilian noninstitutional population
5,273
516
4,756
9.8Civilian labor force
2,726
314
2,412
11.5Participation rate
51.7
60.9
50.7Employed
2,608
304
2,303
11.7Employment-population ratio
49.5
58.9
48.4Unemployed
119
10
108
8.4Unemployment rate
4.4
3.3
4.5Not in labor force
2,547
202
2,345
7.9NonveteransCivilian noninstitutional population
220,740
123,360
97,380
55.9Civilian labor force
144,385
71,278
73,107
49.4Participation rate
65.4
57.8
75.1Employed
136,947
67,704
69,243
49.4Employment-population ratio
62.0
54.9
71.1Unemployed
7,439
3,574
3,864
48.0Unemployment rate
5.2
5.0
5.3Not in labor force
76,355
52,082
24,273
68.2Note: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001–present), Gulf War era I (August 1990–August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964–April 1975), Korean War (July 1950–January 1955), World War II (December 1941–December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 37. Employment and disability status of people, by gender and age, 2015 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Disability status, employment status, and age
Total
Women
MenTotal persons with a disabilityCivilian noninstitutional population
29,752
16,014
13,739Civilian labor force
5,813
2,679
3,134Participation rate
19.5
16.7
22.8Employed
5,193
2,389
2,803Employment-population ratio
17.5
14.9
20.4Unemployed
621
290
331Unemployment rate
10.7
10.8
10.6Not in labor force
23,939
13,334
10,60516 to 64 yearsCivilian noninstitutional population
15,771
8,083
7,688Civilian labor force
4,812
2,275
2,537Participation rate
30.5
28.1
33.0Employed
4,250
2,008
2,242Employment-population ratio
26.9
24.8
29.2Unemployed
562
267
295Unemployment rate
11.7
11.7
11.6Not in labor force
10,959
5,808
5,15165 years and olderCivilian noninstitutional population
13,981
7,931
6,050Civilian labor force
1,001
404
597Participation rate
7.2
5.1
9.9Employed
942
381
561Employment-population ratio
6.7
4.8
9.3Unemployed
59
23
36Unemployment rate
5.9
5.7
6.0Not in labor force
12,980
7,527
5,453Total persons without a disabilityCivilian noninstitutional population
221,049
113,686
107,362Civilian labor force
151,317
70,830
80,486Participation rate
68.5
62.3
75.0Employed
143,641
67,314
76,327Employment-population ratio
65.0
59.2
71.1Unemployed
7,676
3,517
4,159Unemployment rate
5.1
5.0
5.2Not in labor force
69,732
42,856
26,87616 to 64 yearsCivilian noninstitutional population
188,521
95,825
92,696Civilian labor force
143,517
67,278
76,239Participation rate
76.1
70.2
82.2Employed
136,119
63,891
72,228Employment-population ratio
72.2
66.7
77.9Unemployed
7,398
3,387
4,011Unemployment rate
5.2
5.0
5.3Not in labor force
45,004
28,547
16,45765 years and olderCivilian noninstitutional population
32,528
17,861
14,666Civilian labor force
7,800
3,553
4,248Participation rate
24.0
19.9
29.0Employed
7,522
3,423
4,100Employment-population ratio
23.1
19.2
28.0Unemployed
278
130
148Unemployment rate
3.6
3.7
3.5Not in labor force
24,728
14,309
10,419Note: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone, such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping, because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.

Technical Notes
     
The estimates in this report were obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a national monthly sample survey of approximately 60,000 eligible households that provides a wide range of information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment. The survey is conducted for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau, using a scientifically selected national sample with coverage in all 50 states and the District of Columbia.

Material in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced without permission. Upon request, this information is available to individuals with sensory impairments. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Concepts and definitions

*Children*. Data on children refer to one’s own children and include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, other related children, and all unrelated children living in the household.

*Civilian labor force*. This group comprises all people classified as employed or unemployed.

*Civilian labor force participation rate*. This rate is the civilian labor force as a percentage of the civilian noninstitutional population.

*Civilian noninstitutional population*. Included are people 16 years of age and older residing in any of the 50 states or the District of Columbia who are not confined to institutions, such as nursing homes and prisons, and who are not on active duty in the Armed Forces.

*Disability*. The CPS uses a set of six questions to identify people with disabilities. The questions are about physical, mental, or emotional conditions that cause serious difficulty with daily activities. People are classified as having a disability if there is a response of “yes” to any of these questions. For each of the questions, interviewers ask the respondent whether anyone in the household has the condition described, and if the respondent replies “yes,” he or she is then asked to identify everyone in the household who has the condition. More information, including the wording of the six questions used to identify people with a disability, is available at www.bls.gov/cps/demographics.htm#disability.

*Displaced workers*. Displaced workers are wage and salary workers 20 years of age and older who lost or left jobs because their plant or company closed or moved, there was insufficient work for them to do, or their position or shift was abolished. Data are presented for long-tenured displaced workers—those who had worked for their employer for 3 or more years at the time of displacement. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. Data were collected through a biennial supplement to the January CPS.

*Employed people*. Employed people are all those who, during the survey reference week, (a) did any work at all as paid employees; (b) worked in their own business, in a profession, or on their own farm; or (c) worked 15 or more hours as unpaid workers in a family member’s business. People who were temporarily absent from their jobs or business because of illness, vacation, a labor dispute, or another reason also are counted as employed.

*Employment–population ratio*. This ratio is the number of employed as a percentage of the population.

*Family*. A family is a group of two or more people residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption. Families are classified either as married-couple families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses present. Families include those without children as well as those with children under 18.

*Foreign born*. The foreign born are people residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas, such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents, neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The foreign-born population includes legally admitted immigrants, refugees, temporary residents such as students and temporary workers, and undocumented immigrants. The survey data, however, do not separately identify the number of people in these categories. The native born are people born in the United States or one of its outlying areas or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

*Hispanic or Latino ethnicity*. This refers to people who identified themselves in the enumeration process as being Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Information on the 2003 changes in questions on race and Hispanic ethnicity in 2003 is available at https://www.bls.gov/cps/rvcps03.pdf. Hours at work. These are the actual hours worked (at all jobs) during the survey reference week. For example, people who normally work 40 hours a week but were off during the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours, even if they were paid for the holiday.

*Median weekly earnings*. These figures indicate the number that divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one part having values above the median and the other having values below the median. Median weekly earnings shown in this publication are estimated through the linear interpolation of the $50-centered interval in which the median lies.

*Minimum wage*. The estimates of the numbers of workers with reported earnings at or below the federal minimum wage pertain only to workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and other workers who are not paid by the hour are not included, even though some have earnings that, if converted to hourly rates, would be at or below the minimum wage. Consequently, the estimates presented in this report likely understate the actual number of workers with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage. BLS does not routinely estimate the hourly earnings of workers not paid by the hour because of data quality concerns associated with such an estimation process.

The prevailing federal minimum wage is $7.25, effective July 24, 2009. Note that some states have established minimum-wage standards that exceed the federal level. The presence of workers with hourly earnings below the minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), because there are a number of exemptions to the minimum-wage provisions of the law. In addition, some workers might have rounded their hourly earnings in response to survey questions. As a result, some might have reported hourly earnings below the minimum wage when, in fact, they earned the minimum wage or higher.

*Not in the labor force*. Included in this group are all people in the civilian noninstitutional population who are neither employed nor unemployed.

*Occupation and industry*. For the employed, this information applies to the job held during the reference week. People with two or more jobs are classified as being in the occupation and industry in which they worked the greatest number of hours. The CPS uses the Census occupational classification, based on the 2010 Standard Occupation Classification (SOC), and the 2012 Census industry classification, derived from the 2012 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Additional information about these classifications is available online at www.bls.gov/cps/cpsoccind.htm.

*Race*. In accordance with the Office of Management and Budget standards, White, Black or African American, and Asian are terms used to describe a person’s race. Beginning in 2003, people in these categories are those who selected that race group only. Those who identify multiple race groups are categorized as people of two or more races. More information on the 2003 changes to questions on race is available at www.bls.gov/cps/rvcps03.pdf. Data for other race groups—American Indians and Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders—and for people of two or more races are included in totals but not separately identified in this report.

*Self-employed workers*. Self-employed workers are those who work for profit or fees in their own business, in a profession, in a trade, or on a farm. The unincorporated self-employed are included in the self-employed category. Self-employed people whose businesses are incorporated are included with wage and salary workers, unless otherwise specified.

*Employee tenure*. Tenure is a measure of how long wage and salary workers had been with their current employer at the time of the survey. Tenure is presented in median years; the median is the point at which half of all workers had more tenure and half had less. Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. The data were collected through a biennial supplement to the January CPS.

*Unemployed*. The unemployed are people who had no employment during the survey reference week, were available for work (except in the case of temporary illness), and had made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the survey reference week. People who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed.

*Unemployment rate*. This rate is the number of unemployed people as a percentage of the civilian labor force.

*Union membership*. Union membership refers to members of a labor union or of an employee association similar to a union. The data are tabulated from one-quarter of the CPS monthly sample and are limited to wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses.

*Usual hours or usual full- or part-time status*. Data on people “at work” exclude those who were temporarily absent from a job and therefore were classified into the zero-hours-worked category, “with a job but not at work.” These are people who were absent from their jobs for the entire week for reasons such as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor dispute. To differentiate a person’s normal schedule from his or her activity during the survey reference week, people also are classified according to their usual full- or part-time status. In this context, full-time workers are those who usually work 35 or more hours (at all jobs combined) per week. This group includes some individuals who worked less than 35 hours in the reference week for either economic or noneconomic reasons and those who were temporarily absent from work. Similarly, part-time workers are those who usually work less than 35 hours per week (at all jobs), regardless of the number of hours worked in the reference week. These workers may include some individuals who actually worked more than 34 hours in the reference week, as well as those who were temporarily absent from work.

*Usual weekly earnings*. Data on usual weekly earnings represent earnings before taxes and other deductions, and include any overtime pay, commissions, and tips usually received (at the main job in the case of multiple jobholders). Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly (for example, annual, monthly, or hourly) are converted to weekly. The term “usual” is as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of “usual,” interviewers are instructed to define the term as “more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months.” Data refer to the sole or primary job of wage and salary workers (excluding all self-employed people, regardless of whether or not their businesses were incorporated) and are tabulated from one-quarter of the CPS monthly sample.

*Veterans*. Veterans are men and women 18 years or older who previously served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who were civilians at the time they were surveyed. People who are on active duty at the time of the survey are outside the scope of the survey and thus not in the estimates shown here. Nonveterans are men and women who never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veteran status is obtained from responses to the question, “Did you ever serve on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?”

*Wage and salary workers*. These are workers who receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. The group includes employees in the private and the public sectors. Data on union membership and earnings of wage and salary workers exclude all self-employed workers, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses.

*Work experience*. These data reflect work activity during the calendar year and are obtained from the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) to the CPS. Estimates of people who worked are based on “yes” responses to the following questions in the ASEC: “Did you work at a job or business at any time during [the survey reference year]?” or “Did you do any temporary, part-time, or seasonal work even for a few days during [the survey reference year]?” Because the reference period is a full year, the number of people with some employment exceeds the average levels for any given month, which are based on a 1-week reference period, and the corresponding annual averages of monthly estimates.

*Workers paid by the hour*. These are people paid at an hourly rate on their main job. Historically, workers paid an hourly wage have made up approximately three-fifths of all wage and salary workers.

*Working poor*. The working poor are people who spent at least 27 weeks in the labor force (that is, working or looking for work) but whose incomes still fell below the official poverty level.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

All other types of error are referred to as nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of data. Information on the reliability of data from the CPS and on estimating standard errors is available at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.
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