National Compensation Survey:

Occupational Wages in the

United States, 1997

U.S. Department of Labor

Alexis M. Herman, Secretary

Bureau of Labor Statistics

Katharine G. Abraham, Commissioner

September 1999

Bulletin 2519
iii

Preface

The National Compensation Survey (NCS) provides

comprehensive measures of occupational earnings,

compensation cost trends, and detailed benefit provisions. It integrates three Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)

programs: the Occupational Compensation Survey (OCS),

the Employment Cost Index (ECI), and the Employee Benefits Survey (EBS). OCS provided data on occupational

earnings; the ECI measures changes in labor costs as well

as average hourly employer costs for employee compensation; and the EBS provides information on detailed benefit

provisions. When fully integrated, the NCS will provide information on benefit costs and provisions as well as wages.

This bulletin, a product of the first phase of the NCS, focuses on occupational earnings.

The NCS replaced the Occupational Compensation Survey (OCS). The major difference between these two surveys is that the OCS used the same pre-selected list of occupations for all localities. The NCS uses a probabilitybased sample of establishments and occupations that are

intended to more fully represent the employment patterns

and occupational mix of every locality.

This bulletin presents aggregated pay data from the 1997

local area NCS. Data for about one-third of the 149 individual NCS localities were published previously. It also provides estimates of occupational pay for the Nation, as well

as 9 census regions, metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, and the 10 largest metropolitan areas.

For additional information regarding this survey, please

contact the BLS National Office at (202) 606-6199. You may

also write to the Bureau of Labor Statistics at: Division of

Compensation Data Analysis and Planning, 2 Massachusetts

Avenue, NE, Room 4175, Washington, DC 20212-0001, or

send e-mail to ocltinfo@bls.gov.

The Bureau’s Office of Compensation and Working Conditions developed and produced this bulletin. The Directorate of Survey Processing coordinated the data file formation

and tabulations. Field economists from the Bureau’s eight

regional offices, under the direction of the Assistant Regional

Commissioners for Operations, collected the survey data.

The Bureau thanks all survey respondents for their cooperation, without which this report would not have been possible. The Bureau also wishes to express its appreciation to

the many employers for their continued cooperation in providing the data to make the National Compensation Survey

a success.

The data contained in this bulletin are also available at,

https://www.bls.gov/ocs/#data , the BLS Internet site.

Data are in three formats: an ASCII file containing the published table formats, an ASCII file containing positional columns of data for manipulation as a data base or spreadsheet,

and a Portable Document Format (PDF) containing the entire bulletin.

Material in this bulletin is in the public domain and may

be reproduced without permission. Appropriate credit is

requested. This information will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202)

606-7828; Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339.
*The electronic version of table 3-1 has been expanded to include data on occupational levels.

Contents

Page

Occupational Wages in the United States, 1997 ........................................................................................................ 1

Tables:

Occupational average hourly earnings, worker characteristics:

1-1. Summary, U.S., private and State and local government ................................................................................... 5

1-2. State and local government workers................................................................................................................... 6

2-1. Full-time and part-time workers ......................................................................................................................... 7

2-2. Full-time and part-time workers, private industry .............................................................................................. 17

2-3. Full-time and part-time workers, State and local government ............................................................................ 26

3-1. Selected occupations and levels.......................................................................................................................... 32

4-1. Union and nonunion workers ............................................................................................................................. 85

5-1. Time and incentive workers ............................................................................................................................... 86

Occupational average hourly earnings, establishment characteristics:

6-1. Goods- and service-producing industry workers, private industry ..................................................................... 87

6-2. Major industry division workers, private industry ............................................................................................. 88

7-1. Workers, by establishment employment size ...................................................................................................... 91

7-2. Workers, by establishment employment size, private industry ........................................................................... 92

7-3. Workers, by establishment employment size, State and local government ........................................................ 93

Occupational average hourly earnings, geographic areas:

8-1. Summary, U.S., metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas ......................................................................................94

8-2. Metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, selected occupations.............................................................................95

8-3. New England census division ...............................................................................................................................104

8-4. Middle Atlantic census division ...........................................................................................................................109

8-5. East North Central census division.......................................................................................................................116

8-6. West North Central census division.......................................................................................................................123

8-7. South Atlantic census division ..............................................................................................................................129

8-8. East South Central census division ........................................................................................................................136

8-9. West South Central census division.......................................................................................................................141

8-10.Mountain census division .....................................................................................................................................147

8-11.Pacific census division .........................................................................................................................................152

9-1. Largest 10 metropolitan areas ...............................................................................................................................159

Appendixes:

A. Technical note ....................................................................................................................................................... 160

B. Occupational classifications.................................................................................................................................. 166

C. Generic leveling criteria ........................................................................................................................................ 174

D. Evaluating your firm’s jobs................................................................................................................................... 180

E. Census divisions and survey areas ........................................................................................................................ 182

Appendix tables:

1. Number of establishments represented and studied ............................................................................................... 164

2. Number of workers represented............................................................................................................................. 165
1

Occupational Wages in the

United States, 1997

Overview

This bulletin provides straight-time hourly occupational earnings data for all private industry andState and local government workers in the United

States1 in 1997. It is the first phase of the Bureau’s National Compensation Survey (NCS) program. The NCS

provides comprehensive measures of occupational earnings, compensation cost trends, and detailed benefit provisions. This publication focuses on occupational average

hourly earnings data by:

• Total economy,2 private industry, and State and local

government

• Worker characteristics

• Establishment characteristics

• Geographic areas

Total economy summary

Average (mean) straight-time hourly earnings of workers

covered by the NCS were $15.09 in 1997. Earnings for private industry workers were lower than for State and local

government workers, averaging $14.39 per hour and $17.82

per hour, respectively. (See table 1-1.) The more pronounced

earnings difference between the two sectors occurred among

service occupations, where private industry workers averaged $7.51 per hour and State and local government service

employees averaged $13.26. Part of the overall difference

between the private and government sectors is explained by

differences in their occupational and industrial mix. For example, professional specialty and technical occupations are

proportionately more prevalent in government than in private industry. With the exception of the construction industry, few government workers are in goods-producing industries.

Worker characteristics

Earnings varied considerably by such worker characteristics

as:

• Occupation

• Full-time and part-time status

• Bargaining status

• Time and incentive pay status

• Work level status

As shown in table 1-1, workers are classified into three

major occupational categories: White-collar, blue-collar, and

service workers. These categories summarize several finer

breaks in the occupational hierarchy.3 As calculated from

appendix table 2, white-collar workers accounted for about

53 percent of the workers within scope of the NCS; bluecollar and service workers accounted for about 28 and 19

percent, respectively.

Pay by occupational group. Average hourly pay ranged from

$9.09 for service workers to $18.59 for white-collar workers; blue-collar workers averaged $12.36. The average hourly

pay of workers that make up the white-collar category ranged

from $11.53 for administrative support personnel to $27 for

executive, administrative, and managerial employees. The

earnings spread among blue-collar workers was not as broad,

ranging from $9.34 per hour for handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers to $15.86 for precision production, craft, and repair employees.

An examination of the types of jobs within their broader

occupational groups reveals considerable occupational and

pay diversity. Technical workers, for example, had average

hourly earnings of $16.66. Within the technical category,

hourly averages ranged from $11.69 for health record technologists and technicians to $64.41 for airplane pilots and

navigators. Within the precision production, craft, and repair occupational group, hourly earnings for a few jobs averaged under $10 (e.g., precious stones and metals workers,

electrical and electronic equipment assemblers, and food

batchmakers). A few other jobs in the group (e.g., aircraft

engine mechanics and electric power installers and repairers) averaged over $20 an hour (table 2-1).

Earnings also varied considerably among service workers. For nonsupervisory workers in this group, average hourly

earnings ranged from $4.04 for waiters and waitresses to

$21.73 for public transportation attendants. The NCS program does not include tips as part of wages because tips are

3 If a specific occupation is published separately, data for the job also

are included in the succeeding higher publication groupings. If data for a

job, for example mechanical engineers, are not published separately, they

may be included in the next higher level, engineers, architects, and surveyors. This process continues to the next levels, through professional specialty, professional specialty and technical, and white collar. Finally, data

for white-collar, blue-collar, and service workers are rolled into the total

estimate. For details on occupational classifications, see appendix B.

1

 The geographical scope of the initial NCS was limited to the 48 contiguous States. 2

 See appendix A for details on the industrial scope of the survey.
2

not paid by employers; the rate for waiters and waitresses

reflects the absence of tips information.

Pay by full- and part-time status. Earnings were higher for

full-time than part-time workers, averaging $15.77 and $8.89

per hour, respectively. NCS classifies workers as full-time

or part-time based on the employer’s classification of the

occupation. The difference in earnings between full-time and

part-time workers was greatest among white-collar workers,

in particular among executive, administrative, and managerial workers, where earnings of full-time private industry

employees averaged $27.90 per hour, whereas their part-time

counterparts averaged $21.62 per hour (table 2-2). Average

hourly earnings of full- and part-time employees in executive, administrative, and managerial occupations in State and

local governments were $23.99 and $20.96 respectively

(table 2-3).

There was also a significant difference in pay of full- and

part-time employees in blue-collar occupations. A large difference was observed among precision production, craft, and

repair occupations, where full-time private industry employees averaged $15.93 an hour and part-time employees averaged $10.60 (table 2-2). For service occupations, the difference was greater in government, where full-time workers

averaged $13.76 an hour and their part-time counterparts

averaged $8.25 (table 2-3). The difference for service employees in private industry was smaller, with full-time workers averaging $8 an hour, while their private industry counterparts employed on a part-time basis averaged $6.07.

Full-time protective services employees in government had

the highest average hourly earnings ($16.76) among the five

categories of service occupations, whereas part-time protective service employees in government averaged $9.21.

Pay by bargaining status. Nationwide, union workers averaged $16.91 an hour and nonunion workers averaged $14.56.

The comparable averages for union and nonunion workers

in private industry were $14.90 and $14.29; in State and local governments, the averages were $19.74 for union and

$16.20 for nonunion workers.

Unionized workers in white-collar jobs had average hourly

earnings of $20.82, while their nonunion counterparts averaged $18.18. Among blue-collar workers, the averages were

$15.07 (union) and $10.95 (nonunion). Unionized workers

in service occupations averaged $13.44 an hour, compared

with $7.81 for nonunion service workers (table 4-1).

Pay for time and incentive workers. Incentive workers,

whose wages are based at least partially on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses, earned an average of $16.21 per hour. In contrast,

workers whose wages are based solely on an hourly rate or

salary averaged $15.05 per hour (table 1-1). Incentive workers in white-collar occupations in private industry averaged

$20.03 an hour, compared with $17.99 for time-paid workers. The average hourly rates for incentive- and time-paid

employees in sales occupations were $19.96 and $10.87 respectively, while incentive and time employees in administrative support occupations (including clerical) had average

earnings of $11.52 and $11.54, respectively. All blue-collar

occupations showed higher earnings for incentive workers,

with the exception of machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors, who earned slightly more than their counterparts

working at least in part for incentive pay. Time-paid workers

in the private industry service occupational group averaged

$7.51 an hour, compared with $7.25 for incentive-paid workers (table 5-1).

Pay by work level. A “generic leveling” technique is applied

to all occupations selected during the collection process to

determine their work level. Generic leveling ranks and compares all of the occupations that are randomly selected in an

establishment, using the same criteria throughout. When an

occupation is leveled, it is slotted into one of the 15 work

levels that follow the Federal Government’s white-collar

General Schedule. (For a fuller discussion of generic leveling, see appendixes A, C, and D.)

Within the overall white-collar occupational group, earnings data are presented for all 15 work levels, with average

hourly earnings ranging from $6.52 for level 1 workers to

$63.42 for level 15 (table 3-1). Lower level file clerks, general clerks, and messengers are the types of occupations that

would fit into work level 1, whereas work level 15 includes

such occupations as high level professional engineers and

lawyers. White-collar workers are classified into the following major occupational groups:2

• Professional specialty and technical

• Executive, administrative, and managerial

• Sales

• Administrative support

Employees who have received a bachelor’s degree but

have little professional experience, usually fill entry-level

positions (level 5) within professional occupations. Fully

qualified professional employees—those who can perform

complex tasks with few guidelines and minimal supervision—

are normally classified at level 11. Table 3-1 shows, for example, that entry-level engineers, architects, and surveyors

averaged $17 an hour in 1997, while their fully qualified

(level 11) counterparts averaged $29.46.

The average hourly earnings of executive, administrative,

and managerial workers ($27), professional specialty and

technical workers ($22.89), sales workers ($12.78), and administrative support workers ($11.53), roughly equate to

work levels 10, 8, 5, and 4, in their respective categories.

The NCS blue-collar workers are classified into the fol4 See appendix B for occupational classifications and major groups.
3

lowing major occupational groups:

• Precision production, craft, and repair

• Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors

• Transportation and material moving

• Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

Skilled mechanics and trades workers performing at the

journey level (level 7), averaged $18.29 per hour. Semiskilled workers who operate and control machines commonly

filled jobs at levels 3, 4, and 5, where average earnings ranged

from $11.47 for level 3 to $12.93 for level 5. Within the

transportation and material moving group, truck and bus drivers were often found to operate at work level 4 or 5. Average

hourly earnings were $13.23 and $14.74 at levels 4 and 5,

respectively. Many of the employees in the handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers category were primarily unskilled workers requiring little or no previous experience. They were concentrated in the three lowest work levels,

where average hourly earnings ranged from $7.34 (level 1)

to $10.52 (level 3).

Service workers are classified into the following occupational categories:

• Protective

• Food

• Health

• Cleaning and building

• Personal

Although each of the above categories had eight or more

work levels, most of the workers, protective service workers

excepted, were concentrated in work levels 1 through 4.

Overall average hourly earnings for protective service workers ($13.72) were roughly equal to the average for work level

6. Work level 3 average hourly earnings for employees in

food service, health service, and personal service occupations were $6.42, $8.09, and $7.73, respectively. The respective overall occupational average earnings (as distinct from

work level averages) were $6.53, $8.45, and $8.74 an hour

for workers in these three job groups. Work level 2 average

hourly for cleaning and building service workers were $8.31;

this compared to $8.66 for all cleaning and building service

workers.

Establishment characteristics

The type of establishment in which employees work also

influences earnings, which varied considerably by industry

and establishment size.

Industry. Earnings averaged $15.45 per hour in goods-producing industries and $13.85 in service-producing industries

in the private sector.5 Goods-producing industries consist

of mining, construction, and manufacturing where the respective average hourly rates for workers were $22.18,

$16.34, and $15.26. (See tables 6-1 and 6-2.)

Service-producing industries include transportation, communications, electric, gas, and sanitary services; wholesale

trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and

services. Average hourly earnings among the service-producing sector ranged from $9.56 in retail trade to $20.06 in

public utilities (communications, electric, gas, and sanitary

services industries).

Establishment size. Hourly earnings tended to be higher in

larger establishments, averaging $12.52 in establishments

employing between 50 and 99 workers and $19.32 in those

with 2,500 workers or more (table 1-1). However, average

hourly earnings of executive, administrative, and managerial workers in establishments employing between 500 and

999 workers were $28.74, compared to $28.31 for their counterparts in the 1,000 to 2499 employment-size category, and

$27.04 in the 2,500 or more group (table 7-1). Among bluecollar occupations, machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors averaged $9.07 an hour in the smallest (50-99) establishment size category, and $17.29 in establishments with

2,500 or more employees. Among service occupations, average earning of protective service workers ranged from

$9.48 an hour in the smallest establishments to $18.06 in

establishments with 2,500 or more employees.

Geographic area

Another factor that influences workers’ earnings is the geographic area in which they work. This bulletin presents selected earnings data for three different geographic areas:

• Metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas

• Nine census divisions

• Top 10 metropolitan areas

Metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. Pay of all metropolitan area workers averaged $15.73 per hour compared

to $11.84 for workers in nonmetropolitan areas. This pattern

of higher pay in metropolitan areas was consistent for most

major data presentations. Both on a dollar and percentage

basis, metropolitan versus nonmetropolitan average pay differences were greater for workers in white-collar occupations than for workers in blue-collar and service occupations

(table 8-1).

Metropolitan area workers employed in private goodsproducing industries averaged $16.40 an hour; this compared

to $12.06 for similar workers in nonmetropolitan areas. The

5

 The discussion of goods-producing and service-producing industries

relates only to private sector establishments since the NCS collection of

industry classification for State and local government does not permit separate estimates for these two industry breaks.
4

average rate for metropolitan area workers in the serviceproducing sector was $14.44; this compared to an hourly

rate of $9.77 for workers in service-producing industries in

nonmetropolitan areas.

Nine census divisions. Average hourly earnings ranged from

$17.42 in the Middle Atlantic census division to $11.88 in

the East South Central region. In each of the nine census

divisions, workers in State and local government had higher

average earnings than their counterparts in private industry.

As indicated in table 1-1, the average hourly earnings of government workers in the Middle Atlantic region were $21.25,

compared to $16.47 for workers in the private sector; in the

West South Central region the government average pay was

$14.96, compared with $13.45 an hour for workers in private industry.

Top 10 metropolitan areas. This bulletin also presents summary data for the 10 largest metropolitan areas. Table 9-1

shows that average hourly earnings were $14.90 in the Dallas-Fort Worth Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area

(CMSA) and $19.69 in the San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose

CMSA. Part of the difference in earnings among the 10 areas can be attributed to survey timing. The average payroll

reference month was December 1996 for the Dallas-Fort

Worth survey while data for the Philadelphia-WilmingtonAtlantic City CMSA survey related to February 1998. The

average payroll reference month for national estimates was

August 1997.
5

Table 1-1. Summary, United States: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours by selected characteristics, private industry

and State and local government, National Compensation Survey,2 1997

Worker and establishment characteristics

and geographic areas

Total Private industry State and local government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error3

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error3

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error3

(percent)

Total ........................................................... $15.09 0.6 36.5 $14.39 0.7 36.4 $17.82 0.7 36.5

Worker characteristics:4

White-collar occupations5 ....................... 18.59 .6 36.7 18.08 .8 36.8 20.08 .8 36.4

Professional specialty and technical ... 22.89 .6 36.3 22.30 .7 36.6 23.84 .8 35.9

Executive, administrative, and 

managerial ........................................ 27.00 .9 40.1 27.86 .8 40.5 23.95 1.9 38.6

Sales ................................................... 12.78 3.5 33.0 12.80 3.5 33.0 11.13 4.7 33.1

Administrative support ........................ 11.53 .6 36.9 11.54 .7 37.1 11.50 .9 36.3

Blue-collar occupations5 ......................... 12.36 .8 38.3 12.24 .8 38.4 13.78 1.2 37.3

Precision production, craft, and repair 15.86 1.2 39.8 15.88 1.3 39.8 15.71 1.6 39.6

Machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors ......................................... 11.03 1.1 39.6 11.02 1.1 39.6 12.89 6.1 38.3

Transportation and material moving ... 13.24 1.2 37.5 13.30 1.4 38.3 12.93 1.7 33.6

Handlers, equipment cleaners,

helpers, and laborers ........................ 9.34 1.0 35.5 9.18 1.0 35.2 11.37 2.1 38.3

Service occupations5 .............................. 9.09 .8 33.0 7.51 .6 31.9 13.26 1.3 36.6

Full time .................................................. 15.77 .6 39.6 15.12 .7 39.8 18.20 .8 38.9

Part time ................................................. 8.89 1.1 21.0 8.37 1.2 21.4 12.27 1.4 19.2

Union ...................................................... 16.91 .9 36.9 14.90 1.3 37.1 19.74 1.0 36.7

Nonunion ................................................ 14.56 .7 36.3 14.29 .8 36.3 16.20 .9 36.4

Time ........................................................ 15.05 .6 36.4 14.31 .7 36.4 17.82 .7 36.5

Incentive ................................................. 16.21 2.7 38.3 16.21 2.7 38.3 – – –

Establishment characteristics:

Goods producing .................................... 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 15.45 1.0 39.8 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( )

Service producing ................................... 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 13.85 .9 34.9 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( )

50-99 workers7 ....................................... 12.52 1.2 35.3 12.44 1.3 35.3 13.96 3.6 36.1

100-499 workers ..................................... 13.68 .7 36.2 13.32 .8 36.3 16.89 1.4 35.6

500-999 workers ..................................... 16.15 1.5 37.4 15.66 1.7 37.8 18.20 1.8 35.7

1,000-2,499 workers ............................... 15.54 6.8 36.7 14.91 8.5 36.9 17.51 1.9 35.9

2,500 workers or more ............................ 19.32 .9 37.2 20.21 1.6 37.0 18.57 1.0 37.4

Geographic areas:8

Metropolitan ............................................ 15.73 .7 36.3 15.06 .8 36.3 18.46 .8 36.5

Nonmetropolitan ..................................... 11.84 1.2 37.1 10.84 1.4 37.2 15.07 1.8 36.5

New England .......................................... 16.96 1.8 35.1 16.29 2.1 35.0 20.14 2.1 35.2

Middle Atlantic ........................................ 17.42 1.5 35.7 16.47 1.7 35.8 21.25 1.5 35.5

East North Central .................................. 15.45 .9 36.2 14.85 1.0 36.3 18.51 1.3 35.8

West North Central ................................. 14.44 1.8 36.3 13.70 2.2 36.2 17.24 .8 36.8

South Atlantic ......................................... 13.73 1.4 37.0 13.20 1.8 36.7 15.47 1.4 37.9

East South Central ................................. 11.88 2.3 37.8 11.34 2.5 38.0 15.22 1.7 36.9

West South Central ................................ 13.82 1.0 37.2 13.45 1.2 37.0 14.96 1.3 37.8

Mountain ................................................. 14.04 1.9 36.5 12.97 2.6 36.4 17.42 1.9 36.5

Pacific ..................................................... 16.88 1.5 36.2 15.89 1.8 36.4 20.23 1.7 35.5

1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees.

They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded

are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses;

and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by

the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 This survey covers the 48 contiguous States. Collection was conducted from

October 1996 through July 1998. The average reference month was August 1997. 3 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a

percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a

sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. 4 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule

based on the definition used by each establishment. Union workers are those

whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. Wages of time workers

are based solely on hourly rate or salary; incentive workers are those whose wages

are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates,

commissions, and production bonuses. 5 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to

cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. 6 Classification of establishments into goods-producing and service-producing

industries applies to private industry only. 7 Establishments classified with 50-99 workers may contain establishments

with fewer than 50 due to staff reductions between survey sampling and collection. 8 Data are presented for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area divisions as

well as 9 census area divisions. See appendix E for a list of survey areas and

States comprising the 9 census area divisions.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet

publication criteria. 
6

Table 1-2. State and local government: Mean hourly earnings,1 and weekly hours by occupational group,2 National

Compensation Survey,3 1997

Occupational group

State and local government State government Local government

Hourly earnings

Weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Weekly

hours Mean

Relative

error4

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error4

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error4

(percent)

All ......................................................................... $17.82 0.7 36.5 $17.27 1.2 38.6 $18.04 0.7 35.7

White collar ..................................................... 20.08 .8 36.4 18.99 1.4 38.5 20.58 .7 35.5

White collar excluding sales ..................... 20.13 .8 36.4 19.04 1.4 38.5 20.62 .7 35.5

Professional specialty and technical ............. 23.84 .8 35.9 21.89 1.1 38.1 24.60 .9 35.1

Professional specialty ............................... 24.97 .8 35.7 23.32 1.2 38.0 25.55 .9 34.9

Technical .................................................. 14.46 1.3 37.5 14.74 2.1 38.3 14.24 1.5 36.9

Executive, administrative, and managerial ... 23.95 1.9 38.6 22.89 3.4 39.4 24.71 1.4 38.0

Sales ............................................................. 11.13 4.7 33.1 11.95 5.5 36.1 10.65 6.9 31.5

Administrative support, including clerical ...... 11.50 .9 36.3 11.78 1.7 38.6 11.37 .9 35.4

Blue collar ....................................................... 13.78 1.2 37.3 13.22 1.7 38.9 13.93 1.4 36.9

Precision production, craft, and repair .......... 15.71 1.6 39.6 14.12 2.3 39.7 16.42 1.8 39.6

Machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors ................................................... 12.89 6.1 38.3 11.62 7.7 38.4 13.31 7.3 38.2

Transportation and material moving ............. 12.93 1.7 33.6 14.06 3.6 39.1 12.82 1.8 33.2

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ....................................................... 11.37 2.1 38.3 10.18 3.5 36.8 11.64 2.4 38.6

Service ............................................................. 13.26 1.3 36.6 12.99 2.0 38.9 13.35 1.4 35.8

Protective service ......................................... 16.53 1.9 39.7 15.41 4.9 39.6 16.93 1.4 39.7

Food service ................................................. 8.74 1.4 29.5 9.88 3.0 37.0 8.50 1.6 28.3

Health service ............................................... 10.18 1.8 36.8 10.97 2.2 38.6 9.23 2.3 34.9

Cleaning and building service ....................... 10.41 1.3 38.2 10.30 2.0 39.3 10.44 1.5 37.9

Personal service ........................................... 9.11 2.0 28.1 10.28 4.4 36.4 8.91 2.2 27.1

1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They

include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are

premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. 

The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of

workers, weighted by hours. 2 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to

cover all workers in the civilian economy. For more information, see appendix B. 3 This survey covers the 48 contiguous States. Collection was conducted between

October 1996 and July 1998. The average reference period was August 1997. 4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of

the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample

estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
7

Table 2-1. United States, selected occupations: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours for full-time and part-time workers,2

National Compensation Survey,3 1997

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

All .......................................................................................... $15.09 0.6 36.5 $15.77 0.6 39.6 $8.89 1.1 21.0

All excluding sales ......................................................... 15.26 .6 36.7 15.83 .6 39.6 9.29 1.1 21.0

White collar ...................................................................... 18.59 .6 36.7 19.28 .6 39.5 11.35 1.4 20.9

White collar excluding sales ...................................... 19.43 .6 37.3 19.81 .6 39.4 13.83 1.3 20.6

Professional specialty and technical ......................... 22.89 .6 36.3 23.20 .6 39.0 18.87 1.2 19.1

Professional specialty ................................................ 24.70 .6 36.2 25.00 .6 38.9 20.63 1.4 18.5

Engineers, architects, and surveyors ..................... 27.76 .8 40.3 27.76 .8 40.4 27.87 11.3 23.1

Architects ........................................................... 23.93 6.6 39.9 23.94 6.8 40.6 – – –

Aerospace engineers ......................................... 30.44 3.8 40.0 30.44 3.8 40.0 – – –

Metallurgical and materials engineers ............... 26.51 4.8 40.2 26.51 4.8 40.2 – – –

Mining engineers ............................................... 29.69 5.0 32.6 29.26 6.5 41.9 – – –

Petroleum engineers .......................................... 35.44 6.4 40.8 35.44 6.4 40.8 – – –

Chemical engineers ........................................... 30.65 2.9 39.9 30.65 2.9 39.9 – – –

Nuclear engineers .............................................. 34.16 3.4 40.5 34.16 3.4 40.5 – – –

Civil engineers ................................................... 26.17 2.0 40.1 26.19 2.0 40.2 – – –

Electrical and electronic engineers .................... 29.24 1.1 40.3 29.25 1.1 40.3 – – –

Industrial engineers ........................................... 24.49 3.4 40.5 24.52 3.4 40.6 – – –

Mechanical engineers ........................................ 25.37 2.2 40.2 25.34 2.2 40.4 30.28 17.2 19.5

Engineers, n.e.c. ................................................ 29.00 1.1 40.4 28.97 1.1 40.5 34.57 9.5 23.5

Surveyors and mapping scientists ..................... 19.65 7.9 39.3 19.75 8.4 39.6 – – –

Mathematical and computer scientists ................... 26.96 1.5 39.9 26.92 1.5 40.0 32.72 28.3 28.5

Computer systems analysts and scientists ........ 26.79 1.2 40.0 26.82 1.3 40.1 21.76 11.2 27.0

Operations and systems researchers and

analysts ............................................................ 28.15 6.4 39.6 27.73 6.6 39.9 47.18 30.4 30.7

Actuaries ............................................................ 27.00 7.2 39.2 27.00 7.2 39.2 – – –

Statisticians ........................................................ 24.22 5.5 37.6 24.22 5.5 37.6 – – –

Mathematical scientists, n.e.c. ........................... 22.67 14.8 38.8 22.67 14.8 38.8 – – –

Natural scientists ................................................... 24.31 2.1 40.0 24.40 2.1 40.5 20.09 10.4 25.8

Physicists and astronomers ............................... 37.31 10.4 40.8 37.31 10.4 40.8 – – –

Chemists, except biochemists ........................... 27.44 3.7 40.4 27.57 3.7 40.7 – – –

Atmospheric and space scientists ..................... 25.05 11.5 46.3 25.05 11.5 46.3 – – –

Geologists and geodesists ................................. 25.07 8.8 41.8 26.04 8.8 41.8 – – –

Physical scientists, n.e.c. ................................... 26.30 3.0 39.8 26.31 3.0 39.9 – – –

Agricultural and food scientists .......................... 21.93 6.0 40.3 21.49 5.3 40.7 – – –

Biological and life scientists ............................... 21.00 6.2 39.8 21.00 6.3 40.4 – – –

Forestry and conservation scientists ................. 17.14 6.2 40.2 17.14 6.2 40.2 – – –

Medical scientists ............................................... 21.43 5.8 38.5 21.31 6.0 39.8 24.35 10.8 20.9

Health related ........................................................ 21.83 .8 34.0 21.82 .9 39.4 21.88 1.5 20.8

Physicians .......................................................... 38.80 4.4 39.1 37.49 4.7 43.1 56.57 4.5 17.4

Dentists .............................................................. 37.45 8.6 31.8 36.73 10.5 39.5 – – –

Health diagnosing practitioners, n.e.c. ............... 24.01 13.7 35.9 24.27 14.6 40.0 – – –

Registered nurses .............................................. 20.11 .6 33.3 20.01 .7 39.0 20.47 1.4 21.0

Pharmacists ....................................................... 26.20 1.3 34.8 26.59 1.4 40.2 24.33 5.2 21.3

Dietitians ............................................................ 16.42 2.3 36.0 16.04 2.2 39.6 19.59 6.5 20.5

Respiratory therapists ........................................ 16.88 1.3 33.0 16.97 1.5 39.3 16.47 1.9 18.3

Occupational therapists ..................................... 21.67 4.4 35.0 21.33 5.1 39.2 23.97 6.9 20.3

Physical therapists ............................................. 24.08 2.3 34.3 23.60 2.5 39.6 26.14 3.6 21.9

Speech therapists .............................................. 22.83 2.7 34.0 22.35 3.0 38.0 27.11 7.8 17.5

Therapists, n.e.c. ............................................... 15.64 2.3 36.6 15.52 2.3 39.3 16.71 8.3 22.5

Physicians’ assistants ........................................ 23.28 6.1 34.6 24.47 5.1 39.6 14.87 23.7 18.3

Teachers, college and university ........................... 32.46 1.6 33.7 32.94 1.7 39.1 26.96 4.1 13.1

Earth, environmental, and marine science

teachers ........................................................... 32.06 9.1 38.0 32.00 9.2 39.2 – – –

Biological science teachers ............................... 32.51 8.6 37.5 32.50 9.2 41.4 32.62 19.5 16.5

Chemistry teachers ............................................ 34.70 8.3 40.4 34.97 8.5 42.0 – – –

Physics teachers ................................................ 40.36 13.5 37.0 40.38 13.6 37.8 – – –

Natural science teachers, n.e.c. ........................ 38.83 5.1 36.8 40.23 4.7 38.9 – – –

Psychology teachers .......................................... 29.89 6.7 35.3 30.24 6.9 38.2 21.76 7.7 12.7

Economics teachers .......................................... 50.79 15.4 43.3 50.79 15.4 43.3 – – –

History teachers ................................................. 30.81 5.7 32.3 31.52 5.8 38.2 21.43 15.2 10.5

Political science teachers .................................. 33.67 8.5 36.2 33.37 8.8 38.8 – – –

Sociology teachers ............................................ 32.31 10.6 34.9 32.68 10.6 39.0 – – –

Social science teachers, n.e.c. .......................... 32.84 8.0 37.4 32.93 8.3 39.1 30.03 10.2 15.3

See footnotes at end of table.
8

Table 2-1. United States, selected occupations: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours for full-time and part-time workers,2

National Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Professional specialty –Continued

Teachers, college and university –Continued

Engineering teachers ......................................... $33.26 9.6 40.1 $33.92 10.2 44.6 $25.17 23.7 17.7

Mathematical science teachers ......................... 32.49 5.2 31.7 33.17 5.5 38.7 24.84 8.7 10.5

Computer science teachers ............................... 26.49 11.0 29.8 29.96 9.6 39.0 21.46 6.6 22.2

Medical science teachers .................................. 39.76 5.1 36.6 38.52 5.7 41.9 49.66 14.4 18.2

Health specialities teachers ............................... 30.90 3.9 35.2 31.46 4.0 39.6 21.52 6.4 12.3

Business, commerce, and marketing teachers .. 32.56 6.3 33.8 32.89 6.7 38.6 22.94 9.2 7.5

Agriculture and forestry teachers ....................... 41.94 24.8 35.2 41.94 24.8 35.2 – – –

Art, drama, and music teachers ......................... 28.63 3.5 32.4 29.30 3.8 38.7 23.14 6.8 14.0

Physical education teachers .............................. 25.60 12.4 32.6 26.01 13.4 38.1 20.45 27.8 11.7

Education teachers ............................................ 29.81 9.8 34.9 30.70 10.1 40.6 15.62 11.0 10.8

English teachers ................................................ 31.01 4.6 32.9 31.40 4.8 37.3 25.13 7.1 11.7

Foreign language teachers ................................ 24.76 12.0 33.0 25.43 14.1 41.7 20.82 25.3 14.9

Law teachers ..................................................... 56.07 10.5 34.1 58.67 11.0 38.3 20.65 10.6 13.7

Social work teachers .......................................... 28.88 4.3 31.2 29.68 3.9 39.3 – – –

Theology teachers ............................................. 38.63 8.6 36.8 38.74 8.6 38.8 26.43 16.0 5.7

Trade and industrial teachers ............................ 24.59 3.9 34.3 24.96 4.0 37.9 19.87 7.4 15.6

Teachers, post secondary, subject not specified 30.95 7.5 31.9 32.03 8.0 37.7 19.33 7.7 12.1

Teachers, post secondary, n.e.c. ....................... 31.10 3.0 31.3 31.43 3.3 38.1 27.93 6.8 11.6

Teachers, except college and university ................ 25.62 .9 34.4 26.07 1.0 36.9 16.19 3.0 14.6

Prekindergarten and kindergarten ..................... 19.31 3.9 34.8 19.78 4.0 37.3 13.52 18.9 19.4

Elementary school teachers .............................. 26.38 1.1 36.3 26.43 1.1 36.8 22.37 7.4 17.8

Secondary school teachers ............................... 26.66 1.6 36.8 26.66 1.6 37.2 26.34 8.0 20.6

Teachers, special education .............................. 27.12 2.2 35.9 27.21 2.2 36.3 22.67 14.5 22.8

Teachers, n.e.c. ................................................. 26.16 2.6 29.4 27.36 2.7 36.1 17.37 6.2 12.5

Substitute teachers ............................................ 10.10 4.0 14.6 10.21 7.6 31.6 10.08 4.6 13.0

Vocational and educational counselors ............. 23.24 4.2 36.8 23.36 4.3 37.9 19.92 12.3 19.7

Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................ 20.25 3.0 36.4 20.57 3.1 38.3 15.66 4.7 21.3

Librarians ........................................................... 20.60 3.3 36.5 20.95 3.4 38.2 15.86 4.8 22.9

Archivists and curators ...................................... 17.94 8.9 35.8 18.11 9.2 39.0 – – –

Social scientists and urban planners ..................... 21.73 3.3 36.9 21.77 3.3 39.1 21.01 13.2 20.3

Economists ........................................................ 23.28 5.1 39.8 23.18 5.1 40.1 – – –

Psychologists ..................................................... 22.82 5.0 34.6 23.14 4.9 38.2 20.24 12.9 19.8

Sociologists ........................................................ 16.56 2.8 39.3 16.56 2.8 39.3 – – –

Social scientists, n.e.c. ...................................... 13.41 15.9 38.4 13.30 15.9 39.3 – – –

Urban planners .................................................. 20.56 4.5 39.5 20.59 4.5 39.6 – – –

Social, recreation, and religious workers ............... 15.17 1.4 37.3 15.20 1.4 39.2 14.57 3.4 19.7

Social workers ................................................... 15.38 1.4 37.6 15.40 1.5 39.1 15.08 3.9 20.8

Recreation workers ............................................ 12.61 3.9 32.8 12.74 4.3 39.4 11.86 8.4 16.9

Clergy ................................................................ 12.01 15.5 41.8 11.51 19.9 48.1 18.23 19.2 15.8

Religious workers, n.e.c. .................................... 20.66 4.2 33.8 20.89 4.2 39.8 15.52 10.3 7.8

Lawyers and judges ............................................... 34.83 3.1 39.9 35.03 3.1 41.7 28.13 8.2 16.1

Lawyers ............................................................. 34.48 3.2 40.2 34.66 3.3 41.8 28.49 8.9 17.1

Judges ............................................................... 41.56 7.5 34.2 42.62 6.8 39.9 24.83 32.8 10.5

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and

professionals, n.e.c. ............................................. 21.34 2.7 36.9 21.70 2.8 39.8 16.17 9.8 18.0

Authors .............................................................. 30.53 33.8 30.8 22.66 27.8 40.0 – – –

Technical writers ................................................ 20.00 3.8 38.6 20.03 3.9 39.9 19.40 10.8 22.2

Designers ........................................................... 20.70 4.6 39.9 20.84 4.6 40.4 14.34 20.7 25.5

Musicians and composers ................................. 41.23 15.8 16.5 44.45 20.7 29.0 35.63 25.3 9.4

Actors and directors ........................................... 23.20 12.5 34.5 24.83 12.5 40.5 13.03 34.4 18.0

Painters, sculptors, craft artists, and artist

printmakers ...................................................... 18.70 13.8 36.8 18.07 15.4 40.1 – – –

Photographers ................................................... 15.95 7.2 39.3 16.00 7.3 40.1 – – –

Dancers ............................................................. 3.80 36.4 26.6 – – – – – –

Artists, performers, and related workers, n.e.c. 13.31 11.4 26.1 15.43 16.2 37.6 11.28 13.5 20.2

Editors and reporters ......................................... 22.03 4.9 38.9 22.21 5.0 39.4 14.65 15.9 24.9

Public relations specialists ................................. 20.00 5.0 38.0 20.16 5.3 39.9 16.65 13.8 18.9

Announcers ........................................................ 20.24 19.8 31.0 21.56 22.9 41.8 15.87 26.5 16.7

Athletes .............................................................. 26.42 31.6 25.1 32.15 34.4 40.9 10.90 10.0 12.3

See footnotes at end of table.
9

Table 2-1. United States, selected occupations: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours for full-time and part-time workers,2

National Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Professional specialty –Continued

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and

professionals, n.e.c. –Continued

Professional, n.e.c. ............................................ $23.39 3.6 38.7 $23.39 3.7 39.7 $23.31 17.4 22.1

Technical ................................................................... 16.66 .9 36.8 16.92 1.0 39.2 13.58 1.5 21.2

Clinical laboratory technologists and

technicians ....................................................... 14.96 1.4 36.7 14.95 1.4 39.5 15.03 3.8 20.6

Dental hygienists ............................................... 20.21 7.9 36.6 19.97 8.8 38.6 – – –

Health record technologists and technicians ..... 11.69 3.2 34.7 11.57 3.5 39.1 12.54 6.2 19.5

Radiological technicians .................................... 16.30 1.3 33.5 16.21 1.4 39.6 16.67 3.4 20.8

Licensed practical nurses .................................. 12.56 .9 34.8 12.48 1.0 39.3 12.97 1.8 22.0

Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c. ...... 12.92 1.5 34.9 13.13 1.6 39.8 11.49 2.5 19.1

Electrical and electronic technicians .................. 17.73 1.8 39.6 17.76 1.8 40.1 15.45 17.6 22.1

Industrial engineering technicians ..................... 16.31 6.2 40.2 16.31 6.2 40.2 – – –

Mechanical engineering technicians .................. 18.87 3.1 40.0 18.93 3.1 40.5 – – –

Engineering technicians, n.e.c. .......................... 18.09 1.8 39.4 18.11 1.8 39.8 17.55 10.4 29.7

Drafters .............................................................. 16.58 2.1 39.5 16.62 2.2 40.1 14.91 8.2 23.8

Surveying and mapping technicians .................. 15.44 5.7 39.7 15.66 5.6 39.7 – – –

Biological technicians ........................................ 14.86 4.6 37.5 15.19 4.5 39.9 10.04 7.7 19.9

Chemical technicians ......................................... 17.17 2.5 39.6 17.20 2.5 39.9 – – –

Science technicians, n.e.c. ................................ 17.15 4.6 37.2 17.15 4.8 39.7 17.18 15.2 19.6

Airplane pilots and navigators ............................ 64.41 9.3 24.3 64.43 9.3 24.3 – – –

Broadcast equipment operators ......................... 17.09 12.4 36.1 18.33 11.9 39.5 7.33 11.6 21.6

Computer programmers ..................................... 20.43 1.6 39.6 20.51 1.7 39.9 17.86 6.6 30.7

Tool programmers, numerical control ................ 17.13 6.5 39.9 17.16 6.6 40.2 – – –

Legal assistants ................................................. 16.15 3.1 39.3 16.29 2.7 39.6 11.09 2.2 30.6

Technical and related, n.e.c. .............................. 17.36 2.7 38.5 17.51 2.8 39.8 13.12 5.1 19.9

Executive, administrative, and managerial ............... 27.00 .9 40.1 27.05 .9 40.4 21.38 4.6 19.7

Executives, administrators, and managers ............ 30.85 1.0 40.4 30.90 1.0 40.8 24.28 6.8 17.4

Legislators ......................................................... 16.21 15.1 13.7 12.73 19.3 33.7 22.02 26.0 6.9

Chief executives and general administrators,

public administration ........................................ 51.16 20.5 40.4 51.16 20.5 40.4 – – –

Administrators and officials, public

administration .................................................. 24.87 2.6 38.9 24.89 2.6 39.7 23.36 20.2 15.0

Financial managers ........................................... 32.44 2.3 40.4 32.46 2.3 40.5 24.02 17.5 20.9

Personnel and labor relations managers ........... 31.39 3.3 40.8 31.43 3.3 41.0 – – –

Purchasing managers ........................................ 29.43 4.1 41.0 29.43 4.1 41.0 – – –

Managers, marketing, advertising, and public

relations ........................................................... 34.87 2.0 41.0 34.87 2.0 41.0 – – –

Administrators, education and related fields ...... 30.10 1.9 39.0 30.17 1.9 39.5 24.23 14.6 19.8

Managers, medicine and health ......................... 28.57 2.3 39.5 28.60 2.3 39.9 26.48 8.9 22.7

Managers, food servicing and lodging

establishments ................................................. 16.93 3.2 43.0 16.96 3.2 43.2 – – –

Managers, properties and real estate ................ 25.79 8.5 40.4 25.88 8.6 40.6 – – –

Managers, service organizations, n.e.c. ............ 24.44 5.0 39.6 24.55 5.0 40.1 19.56 30.0 26.3

Managers and administrators, n.e.c. ................. 33.00 1.3 41.2 33.00 1.3 41.3 30.75 11.5 22.2

Management related .............................................. 20.97 1.0 39.6 21.00 1.0 39.9 18.15 4.2 23.1

Accountants and auditors .................................. 19.74 2.5 39.5 19.73 2.5 39.8 22.54 7.1 17.5

Underwriters ...................................................... 23.28 10.7 39.5 23.28 10.7 39.5 – – –

Other financial officers ....................................... 23.54 2.9 39.8 23.58 2.9 40.0 16.71 18.7 25.0

Management analysts ........................................ 23.65 3.6 39.9 23.63 3.6 40.1 26.01 6.0 25.2

Personnel, training, and labor relations

specialists ........................................................ 19.96 1.6 39.7 20.02 1.6 40.0 16.05 9.0 27.4

Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products .. 19.68 4.8 39.9 19.68 4.8 39.9 – – –

Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm

products ........................................................... 23.08 7.5 40.6 23.12 7.5 40.9 – – –

Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c. ............... 20.05 4.0 39.9 20.07 4.0 40.0 – – –

Business and promotional agents ...................... 18.58 7.8 39.6 18.58 7.8 39.6 – – –

Construction inspectors ..................................... 19.54 3.9 39.4 19.61 3.9 40.1 16.62 20.0 22.3

See footnotes at end of table.
10

Table 2-1. United States, selected occupations: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours for full-time and part-time workers,2

National Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Executive, administrative, and managerial

–Continued

Management related –Continued

Inspectors and compliance officers, except

construction ..................................................... $18.70 3.2 39.1 $18.73 3.2 39.4 – – –

Management related, n.e.c. ............................... 21.37 1.1 39.3 21.43 1.1 39.8 $18.36 6.6 23.4

Sales ............................................................................. 12.78 3.5 33.0 14.71 5.2 40.2 6.93 1.3 21.4

Supervisors, sales ............................................. 18.23 2.3 40.8 18.40 2.3 41.3 10.11 16.6 25.2

Insurance sales .................................................. 22.44 9.0 36.9 23.26 8.7 39.4 – – –

Real estate sales ............................................... 33.95 21.9 40.3 34.36 21.7 40.7 – – –

Securities and financial services sales .............. 34.66 11.8 38.8 35.35 11.7 40.4 – – –

Advertising and related sales ............................. 17.87 9.3 37.8 18.67 9.2 40.3 9.68 8.2 23.0

Sales, other business services .......................... 19.44 8.7 36.6 20.69 8.5 40.0 8.48 5.1 20.9

Sales engineers ................................................. 27.60 5.5 41.5 27.60 5.5 41.5 – – –

Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing,

and wholesale .................................................. 23.54 3.3 41.0 23.58 3.3 41.1 – – –

Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats .......... 16.89 3.6 44.0 16.92 3.6 44.2 – – –

Sales workers, apparel ...................................... 8.10 3.9 26.4 9.13 4.6 38.4 7.13 4.3 20.4

Sales workers, shoes ......................................... 10.03 10.1 28.9 11.45 11.1 39.2 7.59 11.3 20.0

Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings .. 10.29 9.3 30.2 12.53 7.1 39.4 6.78 7.4 22.1

Sales workers, radio, tv, hi-fi, and appliances ... 11.14 6.3 37.2 11.46 6.4 40.2 7.95 10.2 21.4

Sales workers, hardware and building supplies 10.56 5.9 37.2 11.06 6.7 40.1 8.11 3.4 27.3

Sales workers, parts .......................................... 14.10 6.2 39.0 14.71 6.1 40.9 6.70 7.0 24.9

Sales workers, other commodities ..................... 10.05 4.3 30.3 11.63 5.4 39.2 6.94 1.3 20.9

Sales counter clerks .......................................... 7.88 3.1 28.9 8.95 3.1 39.8 6.50 3.7 21.4

Cashiers ............................................................. 7.63 1.7 30.0 8.35 2.1 39.3 6.47 1.6 21.8

Street and door-to-door sales workers .............. 15.71 23.8 27.8 21.01 25.8 38.3 8.60 6.3 20.3

News vendors .................................................... 7.09 8.0 16.7 – – – 6.71 4.6 15.7

Demonstrators, promoters, and models, sales .. 8.70 6.5 22.3 11.73 6.4 39.1 6.93 1.8 17.8

Sales support, n.e.c. .......................................... 11.55 5.5 36.5 11.99 6.2 40.0 8.50 5.5 22.7

Administrative support, including clerical ................ 11.53 .6 36.9 11.78 .6 39.4 8.89 1.2 22.2

Supervisors, general office ................................ 15.95 1.5 39.6 15.94 1.5 39.7 17.19 20.1 27.2

Supervisors, computer equipment operators ..... 20.73 4.7 39.6 20.73 4.7 39.6 – – –

Supervisors, financial records processing ......... 17.47 1.9 39.6 17.47 1.9 39.7 – – –

Chief communications operators ....................... 16.65 6.3 40.5 16.65 6.3 40.5 – – –

Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and

adjusting clerks ................................................ 16.90 3.1 40.3 16.91 3.1 40.5 – – –

Computer operators ........................................... 13.23 2.4 39.0 13.28 2.4 39.5 10.56 15.3 21.5

Peripheral equipment operators ........................ 10.44 5.2 39.0 10.48 5.4 39.4 – – –

Secretaries ......................................................... 12.83 .9 38.1 12.92 .9 39.2 10.93 2.9 23.8

Stenographers ................................................... 13.70 3.7 35.7 13.95 4.0 39.0 11.96 7.1 22.2

Typists ............................................................... 11.46 1.9 37.1 11.62 1.9 38.9 9.56 3.3 23.4

Interviewers ....................................................... 9.48 2.0 32.8 9.60 2.3 38.9 8.98 4.6 19.5

Hotel clerks ........................................................ 7.85 3.4 36.6 8.01 3.4 39.2 6.34 3.7 22.4

Transportation ticket and reservation agents ..... 11.64 7.3 36.3 11.88 7.6 39.8 10.20 6.9 24.0

Receptionists ..................................................... 8.93 1.1 34.9 9.16 1.1 39.6 7.70 1.9 21.7

Information clerks, n.e.c. .................................... 11.13 3.5 35.5 11.13 3.5 39.2 11.10 11.1 24.7

Classified ad clerks ............................................ 9.35 13.6 36.1 9.48 15.4 38.5 – – –

Correspondence clerks ...................................... 10.78 5.3 38.4 10.87 5.5 39.7 8.48 11.3 20.2

Order clerks ....................................................... 11.42 1.7 37.8 11.71 1.7 39.7 8.05 2.5 23.9

Personnel clerks, except payroll and

timekeeping ..................................................... 12.12 2.1 37.9 12.25 2.2 39.5 9.56 4.3 21.6

Library clerks ..................................................... 10.08 2.2 30.0 10.55 2.8 37.9 8.79 2.8 19.2

File clerks ........................................................... 8.60 2.0 35.1 8.74 2.2 39.3 7.65 4.3 20.4

Records clerks, n.e.c. ........................................ 10.65 1.2 37.6 10.76 1.2 39.4 9.05 4.3 22.3

Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ... 11.32 .9 38.3 11.46 1.0 39.5 8.38 3.5 23.1

Payroll and timekeeping clerks .......................... 12.35 2.0 38.6 12.44 2.0 39.7 9.06 7.8 20.2

Billing clerks ....................................................... 10.65 1.7 37.9 10.77 1.6 39.7 8.69 8.0 22.2

Cost and rate clerks ........................................... 11.90 5.8 38.2 11.94 6.0 39.3 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
11

Table 2-1. United States, selected occupations: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours for full-time and part-time workers,2

National Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Administrative support, including clerical

–Continued

Billing, posting, and calculating machine

operators .......................................................... $8.90 4.9 34.9 $9.07 5.8 39.5 $8.10 3.7 22.3

Duplicating machine operators .......................... 9.30 4.0 36.6 9.51 4.7 39.1 8.11 5.0 26.4

Mail preparing and paper handling machine

operators .......................................................... 8.86 5.2 33.4 9.07 5.9 39.5 7.26 9.4 15.1

Office machine operators, n.e.c. ........................ 8.41 6.0 35.8 8.64 6.8 39.4 7.20 5.5 24.6

Telephone operators .......................................... 11.29 3.8 35.8 11.76 4.0 38.9 7.68 2.7 22.0

Communications equipment operators, n.e.c. ... 9.91 5.2 34.9 10.19 4.5 39.3 – – –

Mail clerks, except postal service ...................... 8.88 3.1 36.0 9.12 3.7 39.2 7.61 3.0 25.1

Messengers ....................................................... 10.75 9.6 35.9 11.19 9.7 39.1 8.19 7.7 24.4

Dispatchers ........................................................ 12.40 3.4 38.5 12.59 3.4 40.2 8.67 5.4 20.8

Production coordinators ..................................... 14.13 1.7 38.8 14.27 1.7 40.0 8.91 11.0 18.6

Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ................. 11.30 2.9 37.7 11.45 3.1 39.9 9.37 7.5 21.9

Stock and inventory clerks ................................. 10.70 1.6 36.3 11.09 1.5 39.8 7.49 2.7 21.1

Meter readers .................................................... 14.15 3.8 39.6 14.20 3.8 40.0 – – –

Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers 12.62 5.9 37.3 12.77 6.1 40.0 9.46 18.8 15.7

Expeditors .......................................................... 12.54 3.2 38.3 12.82 3.8 40.0 11.23 10.6 32.1

Material recording, scheduling, and distribution

clerks, n.e.c. ..................................................... 12.34 3.8 37.4 12.79 4.1 39.9 7.63 4.7 22.5

Insurance adjusters, examiners, and

investigators ..................................................... 14.54 2.9 38.9 14.54 2.9 39.2 14.04 21.9 22.8

Investigators and adjusters, except insurance ... 11.77 2.6 37.4 11.97 2.8 39.7 9.21 3.2 21.4

Eligibility clerks, social welfare ........................... 12.59 1.9 38.5 12.66 1.9 39.0 9.40 5.0 24.3

Bill and account collectors ................................. 10.41 5.7 38.6 10.51 5.7 39.9 8.12 6.8 22.1

General office clerks .......................................... 10.74 1.0 36.4 11.02 1.0 39.3 8.29 2.6 21.7

Bank tellers ........................................................ 8.63 1.8 32.4 8.79 2.2 39.5 8.11 1.5 20.7

Proofreaders ...................................................... 12.18 13.4 38.0 12.28 13.7 39.8 9.63 11.7 18.2

Data entry keyers ............................................... 9.76 1.4 37.1 9.96 1.6 39.5 7.98 2.6 24.5

Statistical clerks ................................................. 11.42 4.3 37.0 11.55 4.5 39.3 9.42 5.4 19.2

Teachers’ aides ................................................. 9.09 1.7 30.6 8.82 1.6 35.7 9.87 4.1 21.7

Administrative support, n.e.c. ............................ 11.44 1.6 36.6 11.75 1.7 39.5 8.64 2.7 22.2

Blue collar ........................................................................ 12.36 .8 38.3 12.63 .8 40.1 7.71 2.4 21.9

Precision production, craft, and repair ...................... 15.86 1.2 39.8 15.91 1.2 40.0 10.65 11.2 22.5

Supervisors, mechanics and repairers .............. 21.57 1.9 40.5 21.58 1.9 40.6 – – –

Automobile mechanics ....................................... 16.62 3.2 40.6 16.62 3.2 40.6 – – –

Automobile mechanic apprentices ..................... 9.97 7.5 38.4 10.11 7.6 39.6 – – –

Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics .... 15.04 2.6 40.1 15.04 2.6 40.2 – – –

Aircraft engine mechanics ................................. 21.07 4.0 40.0 21.07 4.0 40.0 – – –

Small engine repairs .......................................... 12.31 7.5 37.5 12.63 7.4 39.9 – – –

Automobile body and related repairers .............. 15.25 4.6 40.5 15.25 4.6 40.5 – – –

Aircraft mechanics, except engine ..................... 17.93 5.0 40.1 17.93 5.0 40.1 – – –

Heavy equipment mechanics ............................. 16.24 3.3 40.0 16.25 3.3 40.1 – – –

Industrial machinery repairers ........................... 16.06 1.7 39.9 16.06 1.7 40.0 – – –

Machinery maintenance ..................................... 12.72 3.3 40.0 12.73 3.4 40.0 – – –

Electronic repairers, communications and

industrial equipment ......................................... 16.48 3.2 39.2 16.59 3.2 39.9 11.10 19.4 20.5

Data processing equipment repairers ................ 15.42 4.6 37.9 14.99 3.7 39.8 – – –

Household appliance and power tool repairers 16.44 5.4 38.6 16.59 5.3 40.0 – – –

Telephone line installers and repairers .............. 18.39 4.3 39.8 18.38 4.3 40.0 – – –

Telephone installers and repairers .................... 17.54 4.1 40.0 17.54 4.1 40.0 – – –

Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration

mechanics ........................................................ 15.82 2.7 39.6 15.57 2.3 40.0 – – –

Camera, watch, and musical instrument

repairers ........................................................... 16.08 10.9 40.0 16.08 10.9 40.0 – – –

Locksmiths and safe repairers ........................... 16.97 5.3 40.0 16.97 5.3 40.0 – – –

Office machine repairers .................................... 14.57 4.8 39.5 14.57 4.8 39.5 – – –

Mechanical controls and valve repairers ........... 17.53 4.2 39.3 17.65 4.2 39.9 – – –

Elevator installers and repairers ........................ 19.21 22.1 40.0 19.21 22.1 40.0 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
12

Table 2-1. United States, selected occupations: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours for full-time and part-time workers,2

National Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Precision production, craft, and repair –Continued

Millwrights .......................................................... $18.43 5.9 40.1 $18.43 5.9 40.1 – – –

Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c. ......................... 15.23 1.6 39.6 15.28 1.6 39.9 $9.93 10.8 21.1

Supervisors, brickmasons, stonemasons, and

tilesetters ......................................................... 17.34 11.7 39.8 17.34 11.7 39.8 – – –

Supervisors, carpenters and related workers .... 20.79 5.5 40.5 20.79 5.5 40.5 – – –

Supervisors, electricians and power

transmission installers ..................................... 22.25 5.0 40.0 22.25 5.0 40.0 – – –

Supervisors, painters, paperhangers, and

plasterers ......................................................... 17.97 3.6 40.0 17.98 3.7 40.0 – – –

Supervisors, plumbers, pipefitters, and

steamfitters ...................................................... 21.16 9.6 40.2 21.16 9.6 40.2 – – –

Supervisors, construction trades, n.e.c. ............. 17.90 3.7 40.5 17.89 3.7 40.5 – – –

Brickmasons and stonemasons ......................... 15.52 6.3 40.0 15.52 6.3 40.0 – – –

Tile setters, hard and soft .................................. 15.19 4.2 39.0 – – – – – –

Carpet installers ................................................. 20.98 8.1 38.8 21.21 7.8 38.8 – – –

Carpenters ......................................................... 16.31 2.4 39.5 16.39 2.5 39.8 12.03 8.6 27.8

Carpenter apprentices ....................................... 12.04 4.7 40.0 12.05 4.7 40.0 – – –

Drywall installers ................................................ 14.12 3.4 40.1 14.09 3.3 40.3 – – –

Electricians ........................................................ 18.31 2.0 40.0 18.31 2.0 40.0 – – –

Electrician apprentices ....................................... 12.38 5.2 40.2 12.38 5.2 40.2 – – –

Electrical power installers and repairers ............ 21.02 2.7 40.0 21.02 2.7 40.0 – – –

Painters, construction and maintenance ............ 13.99 5.8 39.6 14.01 5.8 39.8 – – –

Plasterers ........................................................... 15.24 24.8 40.0 15.24 24.8 40.0 – – –

Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ............... 18.76 3.0 39.8 18.76 3.0 40.0 – – –

Plumber, pipefitter, and steamfitter apprentices 13.33 4.6 40.2 13.33 4.6 40.2 – – –

Concrete and terrazzo finishers ......................... 13.31 7.2 39.2 13.36 7.5 40.1 – – –

Glaziers .............................................................. 16.72 6.5 38.5 16.72 6.5 38.5 – – –

Insulation workers .............................................. 12.74 6.1 35.5 12.91 5.8 37.0 – – –

Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment

operators .......................................................... 11.66 19.0 40.1 11.53 18.9 40.1 – – –

Roofers .............................................................. 12.54 9.9 34.9 12.54 9.9 34.9 – – –

Sheetmetal duct installers .................................. 16.67 10.2 39.0 16.67 10.2 39.0 – – –

Structural metal workers .................................... 15.95 7.6 39.5 15.97 7.8 40.0 – – –

Construction trades, n.e.c. ................................. 14.54 7.1 39.2 14.55 7.1 39.8 12.94 9.7 14.3

Supervisors, extractive ...................................... 21.38 8.3 41.3 22.14 6.0 42.3 – – –

Drillers, oil well ................................................... 16.58 2.3 41.3 16.58 2.3 41.3 – – –

Mining machine operators ................................. 18.27 5.6 40.0 18.27 5.6 40.0 – – –

Mining, n.e.c. ..................................................... 19.52 3.8 40.1 19.52 3.8 40.1 – – –

Supervisors, production ..................................... 18.41 2.0 40.7 18.41 2.0 40.7 – – –

Tool and die makers .......................................... 18.52 2.2 40.0 18.53 2.3 40.2 – – –

Tool and die maker apprentices ........................ 14.46 6.7 39.9 14.46 6.7 39.9 – – –

Precision assemblers, metal .............................. 15.51 3.0 40.1 15.51 3.0 40.1 – – –

Machinists .......................................................... 15.61 3.7 40.0 15.59 3.7 40.2 – – –

Machinist apprentices ........................................ 11.55 6.2 40.0 11.76 6.1 41.5 – – –

Boilermakers ...................................................... 17.73 7.8 40.0 17.73 7.8 40.0 – – –

Precision grinders, filers, and tool sharpeners ... 15.05 8.1 40.3 15.05 8.1 40.3 – – –

Patternmakers and modelmakers, metal ........... 18.78 6.7 40.0 18.78 6.7 40.0 – – –

Layout workers .................................................. 14.66 5.6 40.0 14.66 5.6 40.0 – – –

Precious stones and metals workers ................. 8.50 8.1 40.0 8.50 8.1 40.0 – – –

Engravers, metal ................................................ 18.49 9.4 39.8 18.49 9.4 39.8 – – –

Sheet metal workers .......................................... 15.40 4.9 40.0 15.40 4.9 40.0 – – –

Sheet metal worker apprentices ........................ 13.48 7.9 40.2 13.48 7.9 40.2 – – –

Cabinet makers and bench carpenters .............. 10.84 6.8 39.8 10.81 6.8 40.0 – – –

Furniture and wood finishers ............................. 11.00 2.1 40.0 11.00 2.1 40.0 – – –

Tailors ................................................................ 10.24 6.1 37.9 10.58 6.1 39.7 – – –

Upholsterers ...................................................... 13.46 5.3 39.5 13.46 5.3 39.5 – – –

Hand molders and shapers, except jewelers ..... 14.22 11.2 40.1 14.22 11.2 40.1 – – –

Patternmakers, layout workers, and cutters ...... 16.02 15.0 38.0 16.15 15.2 38.5 – – –

Optical goods workers ....................................... 10.94 12.7 39.8 10.94 12.7 39.8 – – –

Dental laboratory and medical appliance

technicians ....................................................... 13.39 6.4 39.4 13.39 6.4 39.4 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
13

Table 2-1. United States, selected occupations: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours for full-time and part-time workers,2

National Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Precision production, craft, and repair –Continued

Bookbinders ....................................................... $13.39 3.9 39.4 $13.39 3.9 39.4 – – –

Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers 9.33 2.3 39.6 9.38 2.2 40.0 $6.49 5.0 23.7

Miscellaneous precision workers, n.e.c. ............ 14.74 6.4 39.6 14.82 6.4 39.9 – – –

Precision food production .................................. 10.75 7.4 40.0 10.75 7.4 40.0 – – –

Butchers and meat cutters ................................. 10.00 4.2 38.7 10.16 4.7 39.9 – – –

Bakers ................................................................ 9.36 3.9 35.8 9.70 4.1 39.3 6.80 3.8 21.3

Food batchmakers ............................................. 8.91 6.5 38.3 9.00 6.9 40.0 – – –

Inspectors, testers, and graders ........................ 15.76 2.5 40.2 15.79 2.5 40.4 – – –

Precision inspectors, testers, and related

workers, n.e.c. ................................................. 18.61 8.7 40.0 18.61 8.7 40.0 – – –

Adjusters and calibrators ................................... 11.77 12.9 39.7 11.74 13.0 40.0 – – –

Water and sewer treatment plant operators ...... 15.13 2.9 39.9 15.14 2.9 40.0 – – –

Power plant operators ........................................ 21.32 2.9 40.0 21.32 2.9 40.0 – – –

Stationary engineers .......................................... 17.67 3.8 39.4 17.65 3.8 39.8 – – –

Miscellaneous plant and system operators,

n.e.c. ................................................................ 20.23 2.2 40.0 20.23 2.2 40.0 – – –

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..... 11.03 1.1 39.6 11.09 1.1 40.0 6.96 2.5 23.2

Lathe and turning machine set-up operators ..... 13.42 3.7 40.0 13.42 3.7 40.0 – – –

Lathe and turning machine operators ................ 12.26 4.4 39.9 12.26 4.4 39.9 – – –

Punching and stamping press operators ........... 11.80 3.3 40.0 11.82 3.3 40.1 – – –

Rolling machine operators ................................. 13.06 8.9 40.2 13.06 8.9 40.2 – – –

Drilling and boring machine operators ............... 11.55 9.6 40.0 11.55 9.6 40.0 – – –

Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing

machine operators ........................................... 10.99 3.0 40.0 11.01 3.0 40.1 – – –

Forging machine operators ................................ 11.68 4.3 39.9 11.68 4.3 39.9 – – –

Numerical control machine operators ................ 12.62 3.5 40.3 12.62 3.5 40.3 – – –

Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c. ............... 12.62 2.4 40.0 12.62 2.4 40.0 – – –

Molding and casting machine operators ............ 9.82 3.0 39.7 9.91 3.0 39.8 5.71 9.1 32.8

Metal plating machine operators ........................ 11.62 3.9 40.3 11.66 3.7 40.6 – – –

Heat treating equipment operators .................... 13.26 2.9 40.0 13.26 2.9 40.0 – – –

Wood lathe, routing, and planing machine

operators .......................................................... 9.77 8.3 40.0 9.77 8.3 40.0 – – –

Sawing machine operators ................................ 8.96 5.5 39.8 8.95 5.5 40.0 – – –

Shaping and jointing machine operators ........... 9.09 6.8 39.9 9.09 6.8 39.9 – – –

Nailing and tacking machine operators .............. 9.13 2.4 40.0 9.13 2.4 40.0 – – –

Printing press operators ..................................... 14.67 3.1 39.2 14.68 3.2 39.5 13.51 11.7 24.1

Photoengravers and lithographers ..................... 14.51 3.5 38.8 14.62 3.5 39.3 – – –

Typesetters and compositors ............................. 13.00 5.9 37.3 13.11 6.1 39.3 10.82 10.1 18.4

Winding and twisting machine operators ........... 10.59 6.7 40.1 10.59 6.7 40.2 – – –

Knitting, looping, taping, and weaving machine

operators .......................................................... 9.15 3.1 40.3 9.15 3.1 40.3 – – –

Textile cutting machine operators ...................... 9.37 8.2 40.3 9.37 8.2 40.3 – – –

Textile sewing machine operators ..................... 7.16 3.9 39.4 7.17 4.0 39.8 – – –

Shoe machine operators .................................... 8.82 8.1 39.9 8.82 8.1 39.9 – – –

Pressing machine operators .............................. 7.10 3.7 39.7 7.10 3.7 39.7 – – –

Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators 7.19 1.5 37.6 7.21 1.6 39.5 6.87 4.6 22.7

Cementing and gluing machine operators ......... 9.86 8.8 40.0 9.86 8.8 40.0 – – –

Packaging and filling machine operators ........... 10.07 4.8 39.2 10.10 4.9 40.0 8.87 11.2 20.3

Extruding and forming machine operators ......... 10.76 3.2 39.8 10.76 3.2 39.8 – – –

Mixing and blending machine operators ............ 12.57 2.6 40.1 12.57 2.6 40.1 – – –

Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine

operators .......................................................... 15.26 3.5 39.9 15.26 3.5 39.9 – – –

Compressing and compacting machine

operators .......................................................... 10.16 3.3 40.0 10.20 3.4 40.7 – – –

Painting and paint spraying machine operators 11.53 2.8 40.2 11.53 2.8 40.2 – – –

Roasting and baking machine operators, food .. 11.10 9.2 39.5 11.08 9.3 40.0 – – –

Washing, cleaning, and pickling machine

operators .......................................................... 10.64 7.6 38.1 10.69 7.7 40.8 – – –

Folding machine operators ................................ 10.95 4.6 39.6 10.95 4.6 39.6 – – –

Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food 12.98 5.5 39.9 12.98 5.5 40.0 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
14

Table 2-1. United States, selected occupations: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours for full-time and part-time workers,2

National Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors

–Continued

Crushing and grinding machine operators ......... $11.39 5.9 40.0 $11.39 5.9 40.0 – – –

Slicing and cutting machine operators ............... 11.71 5.0 39.8 11.79 5.0 40.0 – – –

Photographic process machine operators ......... 10.60 5.0 38.4 10.82 5.0 40.0 $7.80 13.3 25.3

Miscellaneous machine operators, n.e.c. .......... 11.57 2.4 39.6 11.63 2.4 39.9 6.53 6.3 25.4

Welders and cutters ........................................... 13.70 1.6 40.1 13.71 1.7 40.1 – – –

Solders and braziers .......................................... 8.54 8.1 40.0 8.54 8.2 40.0 – – –

Assemblers ........................................................ 11.15 2.6 39.4 11.26 2.5 40.0 6.19 3.1 23.0

Hand cutting and trimming ................................. 8.89 5.8 39.7 8.92 5.8 40.0 – – –

Hand molding, casting, and forming .................. 12.03 7.2 39.9 12.06 7.1 40.0 – – –

Hand painting, coating, and decorating ............. 10.03 6.2 39.1 10.08 6.3 40.0 – – –

Hand engraving and printing .............................. 8.13 7.6 40.1 8.13 7.6 40.1 – – –

Miscellaneous hand working, n.e.c. ................... 9.50 3.2 38.6 9.62 3.3 39.9 5.45 8.1 18.4

Production inspectors, checkers and examiners 10.68 3.0 39.9 10.69 3.1 40.1 8.18 5.9 22.3

Production testers .............................................. 11.45 4.2 40.1 11.45 4.2 40.1 – – –

Production samplers and weighers .................... 12.51 7.2 40.3 12.51 7.2 40.3 – – –

Graders and sorters, except agricultural ............ 8.66 8.3 40.2 8.66 8.3 40.2 – – –

Hand inspectors, n.e.c. ...................................... 9.57 8.1 39.9 9.59 8.1 40.0 – – –

Transportation and material moving ......................... 13.24 1.2 37.5 13.59 1.2 40.8 9.90 3.9 21.1

Supervisors, motor vehicle operators ................ 15.12 6.5 41.1 15.13 6.5 41.2 – – –

Truck drivers ...................................................... 13.92 1.6 39.9 14.07 1.6 41.9 11.34 6.3 22.4

Driver-sales workers .......................................... 13.13 4.6 39.0 13.69 4.4 41.7 6.52 7.3 22.3

Bus drivers ......................................................... 12.06 1.9 28.6 12.99 2.3 36.7 10.53 2.6 21.0

Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs .......................... 8.00 5.2 31.5 8.42 5.7 39.9 7.00 9.6 21.1

Parking lot attendants ........................................ 6.81 4.3 26.9 7.54 5.2 39.8 6.04 4.4 20.0

Motor transportation, n.e.c. ................................ 8.63 5.2 32.0 9.37 6.0 39.3 6.01 3.2 19.3

Railroad conductors and yardmasters ............... 23.43 7.3 40.5 23.43 7.3 40.5 – – –

Locomotive operating ........................................ 22.51 8.9 40.8 22.51 8.9 40.8 – – –

Rail vehicle operators, n.e.c. ............................. 19.70 1.9 40.0 19.70 1.9 40.0 – – –

Ship captains and mates, except fishing boats .. 16.12 6.9 52.0 16.21 7.1 53.2 – – –

Sailors and deckhands ...................................... 9.20 7.2 48.3 9.18 7.3 48.7 – – –

Marine engineers ............................................... 11.95 21.5 57.3 11.95 21.5 57.3 – – –

Supervisors, material moving equipment ........... 18.78 5.9 41.3 18.78 5.9 41.3 – – –

Operating engineers .......................................... 14.94 6.9 40.1 14.94 6.9 40.1 – – –

Longshore equipment operators ........................ 20.66 8.4 30.1 – – – – – –

Hoist and winch operators ................................. 11.65 7.9 40.8 11.65 7.9 40.8 – – –

Crane and tower operators ................................ 15.68 3.5 40.3 15.68 3.5 40.3 – – –

Excavating and loading machine operators ....... 13.68 5.2 40.1 13.68 5.2 40.1 – – –

Grader, dozer, and scrapper operators ............. 12.97 6.7 40.0 12.97 6.7 40.0 – – –

Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators 11.69 1.8 39.6 11.72 1.8 40.0 9.28 7.9 22.4

Miscellaneous material moving equipment

operators, n.e.c. ............................................... 13.90 3.4 36.5 14.18 3.6 39.9 – – –

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ....................................................................... 9.34 1.0 35.5 9.80 .9 39.8 6.82 1.5 22.0

Nursery workers ................................................. 6.65 2.8 38.0 6.74 3.4 40.1 5.76 3.3 25.4

Supervisors, agriculture-related workers ........... 16.56 5.6 40.0 16.53 5.7 40.2 – – –

Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm ... 9.11 3.7 38.1 9.24 4.4 39.8 7.21 3.2 23.6

Animal caretakers, except farm ......................... 9.76 8.5 38.1 9.91 8.0 39.6 – – –

Inspectors, agricultural products ........................ 7.68 5.8 36.5 8.11 9.2 39.8 – – –

Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and

laborers, n.e.c. ................................................. 14.14 2.3 39.9 14.15 2.4 40.4 – – –

Helpers, mechanics and repairers ..................... 10.95 4.9 39.1 11.01 4.9 40.0 8.44 6.9 19.8

Helpers, construction trades .............................. 9.54 2.7 39.5 9.61 2.7 40.1 7.27 10.5 26.3

Helpers, extractive ............................................. 14.17 13.0 38.4 14.35 13.1 40.0 – – –

Construction laborers ......................................... 10.55 4.5 39.3 10.74 4.6 40.0 6.54 4.6 29.0

Production helpers ............................................. 9.61 3.6 39.1 9.69 3.6 39.9 7.20 4.6 24.3

Garbage collectors ............................................. 12.99 11.4 39.4 13.19 11.2 39.7 – – –

Stevedores ......................................................... 19.22 4.0 38.8 19.22 4.0 38.9 – – –

Stock handlers and baggers .............................. 8.25 1.8 29.5 9.66 1.5 39.6 6.12 1.6 21.4

See footnotes at end of table.
15

Table 2-1. United States, selected occupations: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours for full-time and part-time workers,2

National Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers –Continued

Machine feeders and offbearers ........................ $9.16 2.8 38.8 $9.19 2.9 39.8 $8.12 8.9 21.6

Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c. ...... 10.47 2.6 34.5 10.82 2.9 39.9 8.88 1.8 21.4

Garage and service station related .................... 8.68 10.7 32.4 9.34 10.6 38.9 6.63 11.0 21.3

Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners ......... 8.45 4.1 37.1 8.62 4.5 40.1 6.80 6.8 21.1

Hand packers and packagers ............................ 8.17 1.8 37.6 8.33 1.9 39.8 6.44 2.7 23.5

Laborers, except construction, n.e.c. ................. 8.94 1.4 37.1 9.19 1.4 39.8 6.76 2.6 23.2

Service .............................................................................. 9.09 .8 33.0 9.84 .9 39.1 6.33 .7 20.9

Protective service .................................................. 13.72 1.6 37.9 14.27 1.6 40.7 7.81 3.0 21.4

Supervisors, firefighters and fire prevention ...... 19.53 3.3 49.0 19.53 3.3 49.0 – – –

Supervisors, police and detectives .................... 22.99 3.0 40.2 22.99 3.0 40.2 – – –

Supervisors, guards ........................................... 14.75 8.1 37.3 15.39 7.0 39.4 8.22 14.4 23.8

Fire inspection and fire prevention ..................... 17.40 5.4 37.4 17.63 5.4 41.2 – – –

Firefighting ......................................................... 14.26 2.6 44.4 14.49 2.3 48.6 6.43 13.7 11.5

Police and detectives, public service ................. 18.71 1.5 39.5 18.79 1.5 40.0 11.39 19.4 19.9

Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement

officers ............................................................. 15.40 2.5 38.8 15.52 2.5 39.8 11.77 8.8 22.3

Correctional institution officers ........................... 13.76 3.9 39.8 13.78 4.0 39.9 10.31 14.3 25.4

Crossing guards ................................................. 8.51 4.3 17.2 – – – 8.23 4.4 16.6

Guards and police, except public service .......... 8.21 2.1 35.1 8.36 2.3 39.4 7.53 3.3 23.6

Protective service, n.e.c. .................................... 11.03 4.9 29.4 12.40 5.4 39.5 7.67 9.0 18.0

Food service .......................................................... 6.53 .7 30.2 7.09 .9 38.4 5.42 .8 21.3

Supervisors, food preparation and service ........ 10.81 1.8 38.4 11.08 2.0 40.5 7.47 3.2 23.6

Bartenders ......................................................... 5.98 3.4 29.3 6.53 3.8 37.7 5.17 4.9 22.1

Waiters and waitresses ...................................... 4.04 4.5 29.2 4.29 4.6 38.0 3.58 2.3 20.8

Cooks ................................................................. 8.25 1.0 34.0 8.55 1.1 38.3 7.13 1.9 24.0

Food counter, fountain, and related ................... 5.94 1.4 25.5 6.38 2.7 37.2 5.58 1.3 20.4

Kitchen workers, food preparation ..................... 7.42 1.2 30.5 7.91 1.6 38.6 6.53 1.5 22.1

Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ......................... 5.40 2.6 27.4 5.83 3.6 38.0 4.87 2.7 20.4

Food preparation, n.e.c. ..................................... 6.55 1.5 29.8 6.87 3.4 38.4 5.97 1.4 21.1

Health service ........................................................ 8.45 .7 33.7 8.55 .9 38.8 7.92 1.1 20.7

Dental assistants ............................................... 10.14 4.2 33.6 10.10 4.5 39.9 10.66 7.9 11.2

Health aides, except nursing ............................. 9.50 1.2 33.5 9.66 1.3 39.0 8.59 2.6 18.9

Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ............ 8.15 .9 33.7 8.23 .9 38.7 7.76 1.2 21.2

Cleaning and building service ................................ 8.66 1.0 35.0 9.02 1.1 39.4 6.60 1.3 21.5

Supervisors, cleaning and building service

workers ............................................................ 10.78 9.6 39.5 10.87 10.1 40.0 7.66 3.9 26.6

Maids and housemen ........................................ 7.07 1.8 34.8 7.13 2.0 38.6 6.67 2.4 20.9

Janitors and cleaners ......................................... 8.72 1.1 34.5 9.16 1.2 39.5 6.56 1.4 21.5

Pest control ........................................................ 10.72 8.8 42.2 10.99 8.5 43.9 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
16

Table 2-1. United States, selected occupations: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours for full-time and part-time workers,2

National Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Service –Continued

Personal service .................................................... $8.74 1.4 29.8 $9.54 2.0 37.6 $6.67 3.0 19.4

Supervisors, personal service ............................ 16.62 1.7 38.7 – – – 8.07 11.3 17.9

Hairdressers and cosmetologists ....................... – – – – – – 7.46 9.3 24.5

Attendants, amusement, and recreation

facilities ............................................................ 6.19 4.4 30.6 6.43 4.3 39.6 5.67 5.0 20.4

Guides ............................................................... 8.79 10.6 26.6 10.08 14.0 39.6 7.18 8.4 18.8

Ushers ............................................................... 5.97 3.1 18.4 – – – 5.88 4.0 14.8

Public transportation attendants ........................ 21.73 7.5 23.1 23.16 6.6 23.3 9.64 14.4 21.1

Baggage porters and bellhops ........................... 6.90 6.4 35.6 6.38 6.2 39.5 9.48 15.6 23.9

Welfare service aides ........................................ 7.13 6.8 27.5 8.09 3.8 38.8 5.90 8.4 20.1

Early childhood teachers’ assistants .................. 7.65 2.1 28.6 8.01 2.5 37.2 6.92 2.8 19.4

Child care workers, n.e.c. .................................. 8.28 2.2 26.3 8.70 3.2 38.7 7.73 3.2 18.6

Service, n.e.c. .................................................... 7.24 8.2 31.4 7.30 10.5 39.1 7.03 5.3 18.4

1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They

include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium

pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is

computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,

weighted by hours. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as

working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each

establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered

a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where

a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 This survey covers the 48 contiguous States. Collection was conducted between

October 1996 and July 1998. The average reference period was August 1997. 4 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all

workers in the civilian economy. For more information, see appendix B. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the

estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For

more information about RSEs, see appendix A.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication

criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may

include data for categories not shown separately. 
17

Table 2-2. Private Industry, selected occupations: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers,2 National

Compensation Survey,3 1997

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

All .......................................................................................... $14.39 0.7 36.4 $15.12 0.7 39.8 $8.37 1.2 21.4

All excluding sales ......................................................... 14.54 .7 36.8 15.15 .7 39.8 8.72 1.3 21.4

White collar ...................................................................... 18.08 .8 36.8 18.89 .7 39.9 10.65 1.6 21.3

White collar excluding sales ...................................... 19.15 .7 37.6 19.56 .7 39.8 13.43 1.7 21.3

Professional specialty and technical ......................... 22.30 .7 36.6 22.61 .7 39.6 18.80 1.6 19.7

Professional specialty ................................................ 24.49 .7 36.6 24.81 .7 39.8 20.95 1.8 19.3

Engineers, architects, and surveyors ..................... 28.09 .9 40.4 28.09 .9 40.5 28.59 11.2 22.9

Architects ........................................................... 23.29 9.3 40.2 23.27 9.5 41.2 – – –

Aerospace engineers ......................................... 30.44 3.8 40.0 30.44 3.8 40.0 – – –

Metallurgical and materials engineers ............... 28.19 3.4 40.4 28.19 3.4 40.4 – – –

Mining engineers ............................................... 29.69 5.0 32.6 29.26 6.5 41.9 – – –

Petroleum engineers .......................................... 38.24 6.4 40.9 38.24 6.4 40.9 – – –

Chemical engineers ........................................... 30.66 2.9 39.9 30.66 2.9 39.9 – – –

Nuclear engineers .............................................. 34.49 3.4 40.5 34.49 3.4 40.5 – – –

Civil engineers ................................................... 26.97 3.0 40.9 26.97 3.0 41.0 – – –

Electrical and electronic engineers .................... 29.38 1.2 40.3 29.38 1.2 40.4 – – –

Industrial engineers ........................................... 24.54 3.4 40.6 24.57 3.4 40.6 – – –

Mechanical engineers ........................................ 25.38 2.3 40.3 25.35 2.3 40.6 30.28 17.2 19.5

Engineers, n.e.c. ................................................ 29.42 1.1 40.3 29.40 1.1 40.4 34.57 9.5 23.5

Surveyors and mapping scientists ..................... 20.49 14.8 40.0 20.49 14.8 40.0 – – –

Mathematical and computer scientists ................... 27.56 1.5 39.9 27.51 1.5 40.0 36.02 29.3 29.2

Computer systems analysts and scientists ........ 27.46 1.3 40.0 27.47 1.3 40.1 23.32 15.2 27.5

Operations and systems researchers and

analysts ............................................................ 28.27 6.4 39.6 27.85 6.6 39.9 47.41 30.3 30.8

Actuaries ............................................................ 27.00 7.2 39.2 27.00 7.2 39.2 – – –

Statisticians ........................................................ 25.05 4.6 37.6 25.05 4.6 37.6 – – –

Mathematical scientists, n.e.c. ........................... 26.26 11.4 38.3 26.26 11.4 38.3 – – –

Natural scientists ................................................... 26.66 2.5 39.7 26.70 2.5 40.2 24.02 12.2 20.9

Physicists and astronomers ............................... 41.90 6.9 41.1 41.90 6.9 41.1 – – –

Chemists, except biochemists ........................... 27.95 4.1 39.9 28.11 4.1 40.2 – – –

Atmospheric and space scientists ..................... 24.36 22.0 40.6 24.36 22.0 40.6 – – –

Geologists and geodesists ................................. 30.22 6.4 40.9 30.22 6.4 40.9 – – –

Physical scientists, n.e.c. ................................... 29.36 3.1 39.8 29.38 3.1 39.9 – – –

Agricultural and food scientists .......................... 24.29 7.4 40.5 23.64 6.6 41.1 – – –

Biological and life scientists ............................... 22.68 5.5 39.3 22.69 5.7 40.3 – – –

Medical scientists ............................................... 23.15 7.3 38.1 22.93 7.7 39.7 28.61 10.1 18.9

Health related ........................................................ 21.98 .8 33.2 22.02 .9 39.3 21.84 1.7 20.4

Physicians .......................................................... 44.40 4.8 37.0 43.04 5.2 41.8 58.42 4.6 17.0

Dentists .............................................................. 38.48 8.4 32.1 – – – – – –

Health diagnosing practitioners, n.e.c. ............... 20.80 8.6 35.2 – – – – – –

Registered nurses .............................................. 20.09 .7 32.7 20.03 .8 39.0 20.31 1.5 20.8

Pharmacists ....................................................... 26.75 1.3 34.1 26.94 1.4 40.3 25.73 3.9 18.8

Dietitians ............................................................ 16.92 2.4 34.7 16.38 2.1 39.5 19.71 7.1 21.1

Respiratory therapists ........................................ 16.84 1.5 32.9 16.86 1.7 39.4 16.75 2.0 17.9

Occupational therapists ..................................... 21.34 5.5 34.6 20.93 6.3 39.5 23.91 6.1 19.5

Physical therapists ............................................. 24.31 2.8 33.9 23.46 2.8 39.6 29.07 4.6 18.9

Speech therapists .............................................. 22.02 2.8 32.1 20.74 2.8 39.4 28.49 10.1 16.6

Therapists, n.e.c. ............................................... 15.18 2.5 36.0 15.18 2.6 39.2 15.25 5.7 21.0

Physicians’ assistants ........................................ 24.49 5.5 36.2 24.61 5.8 39.6 22.92 9.5 16.4

Teachers, college and university ........................... 33.43 2.5 33.4 33.92 2.7 38.1 26.85 9.2 12.5

Biological science teachers ............................... 33.81 9.0 34.4 33.15 9.2 38.0 – – –

Chemistry teachers ............................................ 43.73 17.9 35.5 43.81 17.9 35.6 – – –

Physics teachers ................................................ 49.93 10.1 35.1 50.17 10.2 37.0 – – –

Natural science teachers, n.e.c. ........................ 29.13 8.5 31.9 – – – – – –

Psychology teachers .......................................... 32.10 12.3 34.1 32.77 12.9 36.4 22.31 10.8 17.8

Economics teachers .......................................... 31.53 6.7 37.6 31.53 6.7 37.6 – – –

History teachers ................................................. 26.51 9.3 29.9 27.34 9.8 36.8 – – –

Political science teachers .................................. 35.81 10.9 34.8 35.24 11.4 37.5 – – –

Sociology teachers ............................................ 32.76 11.8 23.4 34.50 11.1 35.6 – – –

Social science teachers, n.e.c. .......................... 38.45 10.4 32.4 39.42 11.3 37.5 – – –

Engineering teachers ......................................... 33.07 10.5 33.0 32.37 11.2 36.6 40.19 12.9 16.3

Mathematical science teachers ......................... 34.60 11.1 33.0 35.19 11.3 37.3 21.18 13.1 9.2

Computer science teachers ............................... 26.85 13.6 27.9 27.05 14.9 37.2 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
18

Table 2-2. Private Industry, selected occupations: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers,2 National

Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Professional specialty –Continued

Teachers, college and university –Continued

Medical science teachers .................................. $42.86 8.4 37.6 $43.00 8.5 39.1 $37.85 31.8 15.6

Health specialities teachers ............................... 30.58 7.1 39.2 31.09 7.2 41.6 18.93 4.7 17.2

Business, commerce, and marketing teachers .. 34.01 7.2 30.4 34.66 8.6 36.3 20.88 8.5 7.1

Art, drama, and music teachers ......................... 27.78 5.8 30.0 28.40 6.7 37.8 24.16 8.6 13.6

Physical education teachers .............................. 25.40 5.9 37.2 25.43 5.9 37.9 – – –

Education teachers ............................................ 26.10 18.8 32.4 26.76 19.7 40.0 16.01 8.6 8.3

English teachers ................................................ 25.82 7.8 31.3 26.25 8.2 36.0 19.97 13.4 11.3

Foreign language teachers ................................ 29.90 7.1 32.6 30.99 7.2 39.1 18.00 11.1 11.6

Law teachers ..................................................... 60.87 11.5 36.1 61.14 11.6 38.2 33.72 17.6 5.8

Social work teachers .......................................... 29.80 3.8 32.2 – – – – – –

Theology teachers ............................................. 34.23 11.6 37.1 34.28 11.6 37.6 – – –

Trade and industrial teachers ............................ 17.10 15.3 34.6 16.51 15.4 39.7 25.82 6.4 12.0

Teachers, post secondary, subject not specified 27.76 5.6 31.2 29.54 4.7 37.7 17.59 11.8 15.7

Teachers, post secondary, n.e.c. ....................... 33.18 6.2 32.5 33.28 7.2 38.2 32.22 13.4 13.0

Teachers, except college and university ................ 16.28 2.1 31.0 16.63 2.2 38.3 13.86 7.5 13.4

Prekindergarten and kindergarten ..................... 10.66 7.3 34.6 11.01 6.3 38.0 8.70 13.0 23.0

Elementary school teachers .............................. 18.84 3.0 35.4 18.78 3.0 38.0 19.65 7.9 19.1

Secondary school teachers ............................... 21.45 2.9 35.3 21.58 3.1 37.9 19.50 6.6 17.5

Teachers, special education .............................. 19.32 4.9 35.9 19.26 5.0 37.3 – – –

Teachers, n.e.c. ................................................. 16.16 4.3 21.1 16.76 5.1 39.2 14.67 6.4 9.9

Substitute teachers ............................................ 8.09 4.7 13.2 – – – 8.09 4.7 13.2

Vocational and educational counselors ............. 14.67 5.4 37.0 14.66 5.4 39.1 15.26 12.6 12.1

Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................ 20.18 3.9 35.4 20.48 4.0 38.1 15.19 13.6 16.3

Librarians ........................................................... 19.77 3.5 36.0 20.03 3.5 38.0 15.56 15.5 19.6

Archivists and curators ...................................... 22.18 13.7 33.0 22.65 14.2 38.8 – – –

Social scientists and urban planners ..................... 21.06 4.2 35.6 21.09 4.2 39.4 20.87 14.4 20.2

Economists ........................................................ 23.48 5.3 39.8 23.38 5.4 40.1 – – –

Psychologists ..................................................... 17.55 4.1 31.3 16.79 3.8 38.4 19.96 14.0 19.7

Social scientists, n.e.c. ...................................... 25.85 11.0 31.4 26.42 11.2 35.9 – – –

Social, recreation, and religious workers ............... 13.63 1.7 36.3 13.56 1.8 39.4 14.41 4.6 19.6

Social workers ................................................... 13.85 1.6 36.1 13.78 1.7 38.9 14.57 4.5 20.1

Recreation workers ............................................ 11.20 4.7 35.6 11.20 4.6 39.8 11.19 20.6 19.6

Clergy ................................................................ 12.01 15.6 42.2 11.51 19.9 48.1 19.01 18.9 15.4

Religious workers, n.e.c. .................................... 20.66 4.2 33.8 20.89 4.2 39.8 15.52 10.3 7.8

Lawyers and judges ............................................... 39.27 3.8 43.8 39.26 3.8 44.0 – – –

Lawyers ............................................................. 39.27 3.8 43.8 39.26 3.8 44.0 – – –

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and

professionals, n.e.c. ............................................. 21.45 3.0 37.3 21.81 3.1 39.8 15.64 12.7 18.2

Authors .............................................................. 30.53 33.8 30.8 22.66 27.8 40.0 – – –

Technical writers ................................................ 20.00 3.8 38.6 20.02 3.9 39.9 19.40 10.8 22.2

Designers ........................................................... 20.79 4.6 39.9 20.95 4.6 40.4 14.34 20.7 25.5

Musicians and composers ................................. 43.00 15.6 16.5 45.43 20.7 28.7 38.37 23.6 9.1

Actors and directors ........................................... 23.34 12.6 35.0 24.83 12.5 40.5 12.90 39.0 17.9

Painters, sculptors, craft artists, and artist

printmakers ...................................................... 18.77 14.5 36.6 18.11 16.3 40.1 – – –

Photographers ................................................... 16.03 7.9 39.3 16.09 8.0 40.1 – – –

Artists, performers, and related workers, n.e.c. 12.05 15.2 26.1 15.70 22.0 37.0 8.46 8.6 20.2

Editors and reporters ......................................... 22.15 5.0 38.9 22.32 5.1 39.4 14.83 16.4 24.9

Public relations specialists ................................. 20.24 6.0 39.4 20.34 6.2 40.0 16.33 11.4 26.0

Announcers ........................................................ 20.24 19.8 31.0 21.56 22.9 41.8 15.87 26.5 16.7

Athletes .............................................................. 28.61 46.4 24.0 – – – 10.30 11.4 11.4

Professional, n.e.c. ............................................ 23.71 4.2 39.2 23.81 4.2 39.7 18.85 13.1 23.5

Technical ................................................................... 17.15 1.0 36.6 17.47 1.1 39.2 13.46 1.5 20.8

Clinical laboratory technologists and

technicians ....................................................... 15.09 1.5 36.3 15.09 1.6 39.5 15.05 4.1 20.5

Dental hygienists ............................................... 23.53 1.6 34.8 23.79 1.1 37.6 – – –

Health record technologists and technicians ..... 11.55 3.5 35.0 11.58 3.8 39.0 11.35 5.0 18.2

Radiological technicians .................................... 16.41 1.4 33.4 16.39 1.5 39.5 16.52 3.2 20.8

Licensed practical nurses .................................. 12.58 .9 34.3 12.50 1.0 39.2 12.92 1.8 22.0

See footnotes at end of table.
19

Table 2-2. Private Industry, selected occupations: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers,2 National

Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Technical –Continued

Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c. ...... $12.85 1.7 34.1 $13.07 2.0 39.9 $11.66 2.2 18.8

Electrical and electronic technicians .................. 17.92 1.9 39.8 17.93 2.0 40.1 16.45 19.8 22.9

Industrial engineering technicians ..................... 16.35 6.3 40.2 16.35 6.3 40.2 – – –

Mechanical engineering technicians .................. 19.11 2.9 40.2 19.19 2.8 40.5 – – –

Engineering technicians, n.e.c. .......................... 18.97 2.2 39.7 19.03 2.1 40.0 13.86 20.9 24.6

Drafters .............................................................. 16.46 2.2 39.5 16.50 2.2 40.2 14.31 12.2 20.8

Surveying and mapping technicians .................. 16.03 9.2 40.3 16.50 8.8 40.3 – – –

Biological technicians ........................................ 16.43 5.6 39.6 16.43 5.6 39.9 – – –

Chemical technicians ......................................... 17.16 2.6 39.7 17.18 2.6 39.9 – – –

Science technicians, n.e.c. ................................ 17.69 4.8 38.0 17.53 5.2 39.8 – – –

Airplane pilots and navigators ............................ 64.98 9.4 24.2 65.01 9.4 24.2 – – –

Broadcast equipment operators ......................... 17.11 13.1 36.0 18.44 12.6 39.5 7.32 11.6 21.7

Computer programmers ..................................... 20.81 1.6 39.6 20.86 1.6 40.0 18.07 14.1 24.6

Tool programmers, numerical control ................ 17.13 6.5 39.9 17.16 6.6 40.2 – – –

Legal assistants ................................................. 17.01 2.3 39.3 17.07 2.3 39.6 – – –

Technical and related, n.e.c. .............................. 18.00 3.4 39.0 18.13 3.5 39.9 11.46 5.7 18.0

Executive, administrative, and managerial ............... 27.86 .8 40.5 27.90 .8 40.7 21.62 6.2 24.3

Executives, administrators, and managers ............ 31.73 1.0 40.9 31.76 1.0 41.1 25.33 8.7 23.8

Administrators and officials, public

administration .................................................. 27.19 18.1 39.2 27.19 18.1 39.2 – – –

Financial managers ........................................... 32.35 2.5 40.5 32.38 2.5 40.6 24.02 17.5 20.9

Personnel and labor relations managers ........... 31.51 3.7 40.9 31.55 3.7 41.1 – – –

Purchasing managers ........................................ 29.82 4.2 41.1 29.82 4.2 41.1 – – –

Managers, marketing, advertising, and public

relations ........................................................... 34.94 2.0 41.0 34.94 2.0 41.0 – – –

Administrators, education and related fields ...... 24.81 3.9 38.9 25.04 3.9 39.7 13.82 12.2 19.0

Managers, medicine and health ......................... 29.12 2.4 39.4 29.17 2.5 40.0 26.48 8.9 22.7

Managers, food servicing and lodging

establishments ................................................. 16.96 3.5 43.5 16.99 3.5 43.7 – – –

Managers, properties and real estate ................ 26.48 9.2 40.6 26.58 9.3 40.8 – – –

Managers, service organizations, n.e.c. ............ 25.57 4.9 39.9 25.58 5.0 40.3 25.08 32.5 26.8

Managers and administrators, n.e.c. ................. 33.42 1.4 41.3 33.42 1.4 41.4 31.46 12.1 25.9

Management related .............................................. 21.69 .9 39.8 21.72 .9 40.0 18.19 5.5 24.8

Accountants and auditors .................................. 20.19 2.9 39.7 20.18 2.9 39.9 23.12 9.2 18.4

Underwriters ...................................................... 23.28 10.7 39.5 23.28 10.7 39.5 – – –

Other financial officers ....................................... 23.71 3.2 40.0 23.77 3.2 40.1 16.43 20.4 25.3

Management analysts ........................................ 24.75 2.5 40.1 24.76 2.5 40.2 – – –

Personnel, training, and labor relations

specialists ........................................................ 20.57 1.8 39.9 20.65 1.8 40.1 14.96 8.4 28.0

Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products .. 20.13 4.4 39.9 20.13 4.4 39.9 – – –

Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm

products ........................................................... 23.11 7.7 40.6 23.15 7.7 40.9 – – –

Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c. ............... 21.22 2.4 39.9 21.24 2.4 40.0 – – –

Business and promotional agents ...................... 19.93 8.4 39.5 19.93 8.4 39.5 – – –

Construction inspectors ..................................... 21.34 8.2 40.9 21.80 8.0 41.6 – – –

Inspectors and compliance officers, except

construction ..................................................... 21.42 4.2 40.3 21.48 4.3 40.5 – – –

Management related, n.e.c. ............................... 21.89 1.3 39.6 21.93 1.3 40.0 19.71 7.7 25.2

Sales ............................................................................. 12.80 3.5 33.0 14.74 5.2 40.2 6.92 1.3 21.4

Supervisors, sales ............................................. 18.27 2.3 40.8 18.43 2.3 41.3 10.13 17.3 25.5

Insurance sales .................................................. 23.00 9.3 36.6 23.93 8.8 39.3 – – –

Real estate sales ............................................... 35.37 22.1 40.5 35.85 21.9 41.0 – – –

Securities and financial services sales .............. 34.66 11.8 38.8 35.35 11.7 40.4 – – –

Advertising and related sales ............................. 17.86 9.3 37.8 18.66 9.3 40.3 9.68 8.2 23.0

Sales, other business services .......................... 19.48 8.7 36.6 20.74 8.5 40.0 8.48 5.1 20.9

Sales engineers ................................................. 27.60 5.5 41.5 27.60 5.5 41.5 – – –

Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing,

and wholesale .................................................. 23.54 3.3 41.0 23.58 3.3 41.1 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
20

Table 2-2. Private Industry, selected occupations: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers,2 National

Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Sales –Continued

Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats .......... $16.89 3.6 44.0 $16.92 3.6 44.2 – – –

Sales workers, apparel ...................................... 8.10 3.9 26.4 9.13 4.6 38.4 $7.13 4.3 20.4

Sales workers, shoes ......................................... 10.03 10.1 28.9 11.45 11.1 39.2 7.59 11.3 20.0

Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings .. 10.29 9.3 30.2 12.53 7.1 39.4 6.78 7.4 22.1

Sales workers, radio, tv, hi-fi, and appliances ... 11.14 6.3 37.2 11.46 6.4 40.2 7.95 10.2 21.4

Sales workers, hardware and building supplies 10.56 5.9 37.2 11.06 6.7 40.1 8.11 3.4 27.3

Sales workers, parts .......................................... 14.10 6.2 39.0 14.71 6.1 40.9 6.70 7.0 24.9

Sales workers, other commodities ..................... 10.06 4.3 30.3 11.64 5.5 39.2 6.94 1.3 21.0

Sales counter clerks .......................................... 7.86 3.1 29.0 8.92 3.2 39.8 6.50 3.7 21.5

Cashiers ............................................................. 7.57 1.8 30.0 8.29 1.8 39.3 6.45 1.6 21.8

Street and door-to-door sales workers .............. 15.71 23.8 27.8 21.01 25.8 38.3 8.60 6.3 20.3

News vendors .................................................... 7.09 8.0 16.7 – – – 6.71 4.6 15.7

Demonstrators, promoters, and models, sales .. 8.70 6.5 22.3 11.73 6.4 39.1 6.93 1.8 17.9

Sales support, n.e.c. .......................................... 11.55 5.5 36.5 11.99 6.2 40.0 8.50 5.5 22.7

Administrative support, including clerical ................ 11.54 .7 37.1 11.82 .7 39.5 8.69 1.4 22.6

Supervisors, general office ................................ 16.13 1.8 39.7 16.12 1.8 39.9 17.39 22.0 27.8

Supervisors, computer equipment operators ..... 20.37 6.1 39.8 20.37 6.1 39.8 – – –

Supervisors, financial records processing ......... 17.63 2.0 39.8 17.63 2.0 39.8 – – –

Chief communications operators ....................... 18.09 7.3 40.5 18.09 7.3 40.5 – – –

Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and

adjusting clerks ................................................ 17.03 3.4 40.6 17.05 3.5 40.8 – – –

Computer operators ........................................... 13.58 1.9 39.1 13.61 2.0 39.6 11.17 17.0 22.6

Peripheral equipment operators ........................ 10.08 5.0 39.0 10.13 5.2 39.4 – – –

Secretaries ......................................................... 13.20 .9 38.0 13.31 .9 39.3 11.18 3.3 24.2

Stenographers ................................................... 12.16 3.0 35.5 12.32 3.1 39.5 11.43 9.1 24.4

Typists ............................................................... 11.96 2.5 36.6 12.27 2.5 39.0 9.61 3.9 25.1

Interviewers ....................................................... 9.34 2.1 32.0 9.48 2.3 38.7 8.81 4.6 19.3

Hotel clerks ........................................................ 7.85 3.4 36.6 8.01 3.5 39.2 6.34 3.7 22.4

Transportation ticket and reservation agents ..... 11.52 7.4 36.2 11.74 7.7 39.8 10.21 6.9 24.0

Receptionists ..................................................... 8.89 1.1 34.9 9.13 1.2 39.6 7.69 1.9 21.9

Information clerks, n.e.c. .................................... 11.06 3.9 35.5 11.07 3.9 39.2 11.03 11.8 25.0

Classified ad clerks ............................................ 9.34 14.6 36.2 9.48 15.4 38.5 – – –

Correspondence clerks ...................................... 10.80 5.4 38.4 10.89 5.6 39.7 8.48 11.3 20.2

Order clerks ....................................................... 11.38 1.7 37.7 11.67 1.8 39.7 8.05 2.5 23.9

Personnel clerks, except payroll and

timekeeping ..................................................... 11.93 2.4 38.4 12.01 2.5 39.5 9.94 6.8 22.5

Library clerks ..................................................... 11.74 4.9 32.6 12.35 5.2 37.7 9.04 6.7 20.3

File clerks ........................................................... 8.49 2.1 35.0 8.63 2.3 39.4 7.61 4.7 20.3

Records clerks, n.e.c. ........................................ 10.57 1.4 37.5 10.72 1.4 39.4 8.54 3.4 22.4

Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ... 11.24 1.1 38.3 11.40 1.0 39.6 8.22 3.5 23.6

Payroll and timekeeping clerks .......................... 12.27 2.2 38.7 12.38 2.2 39.8 8.99 8.0 20.9

Billing clerks ....................................................... 10.65 1.8 38.1 10.79 1.7 39.7 8.45 7.8 23.1

Cost and rate clerks ........................................... 11.90 5.8 38.2 11.94 6.0 39.3 – – –

Billing, posting, and calculating machine

operators .......................................................... 8.90 4.9 34.9 9.07 5.9 39.5 8.10 3.7 22.3

Duplicating machine operators .......................... 9.61 2.9 35.9 9.98 3.2 38.9 7.96 4.9 26.7

Mail preparing and paper handling machine

operators .......................................................... 8.86 5.2 33.4 9.07 5.9 39.5 7.26 9.4 15.1

Office machine operators, n.e.c. ........................ 8.32 6.1 36.1 8.52 6.9 39.4 7.22 6.0 25.1

Telephone operators .......................................... 11.35 4.0 35.7 11.85 4.1 38.9 7.65 2.7 22.1

Communications equipment operators, n.e.c. ... 9.34 7.5 33.6 9.64 6.7 39.9 – – –

Mail clerks, except postal service ...................... 8.93 3.3 35.7 9.21 3.9 39.1 7.59 3.1 25.2

Messengers ....................................................... 10.83 10.0 36.1 11.29 10.1 39.2 8.27 7.7 25.1

Dispatchers ........................................................ 11.96 4.1 38.5 12.15 3.9 40.5 8.70 7.1 20.7

Production coordinators ..................................... 14.10 1.7 38.8 14.25 1.8 40.0 8.91 11.0 18.6

Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ................. 11.27 3.0 37.6 11.42 3.1 39.9 9.37 7.5 21.9

Stock and inventory clerks ................................. 10.65 1.7 36.1 11.07 1.6 39.9 7.44 2.7 21.0

Meter readers .................................................... 14.56 4.7 39.9 14.58 4.7 40.0 – – –

Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers 12.58 6.2 39.4 12.72 6.3 40.0 – – –

Expeditors .......................................................... 12.54 3.2 38.3 12.83 3.8 40.0 11.23 10.6 32.1

See footnotes at end of table.
21

Table 2-2. Private Industry, selected occupations: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers,2 National

Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Administrative support, including clerical

–Continued

Material recording, scheduling, and distribution

clerks, n.e.c. ..................................................... $12.32 3.9 37.3 $12.77 4.2 39.9 $7.64 4.7 22.5

Insurance adjusters, examiners, and

investigators ..................................................... 14.56 3.0 38.9 14.56 3.0 39.1 14.04 21.9 22.8

Investigators and adjusters, except insurance ... 11.70 2.7 37.4 11.89 2.9 39.7 9.23 3.4 21.5

Eligibility clerks, social welfare ........................... 11.06 4.3 38.4 11.14 4.3 39.7 9.06 7.2 21.1

Bill and account collectors ................................. 10.33 5.9 38.6 10.43 5.8 39.9 8.12 6.8 22.1

General office clerks .......................................... 10.61 1.3 36.0 10.94 1.3 39.4 8.09 3.0 21.7

Bank tellers ........................................................ 8.63 1.8 32.4 8.79 2.2 39.5 8.11 1.5 20.7

Proofreaders ...................................................... 10.32 6.2 37.5 10.36 6.5 39.7 9.63 11.7 18.2

Data entry keyers ............................................... 9.48 1.6 36.7 9.71 1.9 39.6 7.96 2.6 24.6

Statistical clerks ................................................. 11.90 4.9 36.7 12.07 5.2 39.2 9.55 5.7 19.4

Teachers’ aides ................................................. 7.98 3.8 31.2 8.29 5.3 37.0 7.24 6.1 22.8

Administrative support, n.e.c. ............................ 11.19 2.0 36.6 11.53 2.2 39.6 8.45 3.2 22.7

Blue collar ........................................................................ 12.24 .8 38.4 12.52 .8 40.1 7.48 2.7 22.0

Precision production, craft, and repair ...................... 15.88 1.3 39.8 15.93 1.3 40.1 10.60 11.6 22.8

Supervisors, mechanics and repairers .............. 21.87 2.1 40.6 21.88 2.1 40.7 – – –

Automobile mechanics ....................................... 16.51 3.4 40.9 16.52 3.4 40.9 – – –

Automobile mechanic apprentices ..................... 9.65 8.8 38.2 9.80 8.9 39.6 – – –

Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics .... 14.91 2.5 40.2 14.90 2.6 40.3 – – –

Aircraft engine mechanics ................................. 21.12 4.0 40.0 21.12 4.0 40.0 – – –

Small engine repairs .......................................... 12.37 10.7 36.3 12.90 10.1 39.8 – – –

Automobile body and related repairers .............. 15.24 4.7 40.5 15.24 4.7 40.5 – – –

Aircraft mechanics, except engine ..................... 17.93 5.0 40.1 17.93 5.0 40.1 – – –

Heavy equipment mechanics ............................. 16.39 4.0 40.1 16.41 4.0 40.1 – – –

Industrial machinery repairers ........................... 16.05 1.7 39.9 16.05 1.7 40.0 – – –

Machinery maintenance ..................................... 12.73 3.4 40.1 12.74 3.4 40.1 – – –

Electronic repairers, communications and

industrial equipment ......................................... 16.50 3.3 39.4 16.60 3.3 40.0 11.32 21.1 22.7

Data processing equipment repairers ................ 15.58 5.0 37.7 15.12 4.1 39.8 – – –

Household appliance and power tool repairers 16.44 5.4 38.6 16.59 5.3 40.0 – – –

Telephone line installers and repairers .............. 18.60 4.2 39.7 18.59 4.2 40.0 – – –

Telephone installers and repairers .................... 17.45 4.2 40.0 17.45 4.2 40.0 – – –

Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration

mechanics ........................................................ 16.31 3.3 39.7 15.94 2.5 40.0 – – –

Camera, watch, and musical instrument

repairers ........................................................... 16.08 10.9 40.0 16.08 10.9 40.0 – – –

Locksmiths and safe repairers ........................... 17.65 7.1 40.0 17.65 7.1 40.0 – – –

Office machine repairers .................................... 14.34 5.0 39.5 14.34 5.0 39.5 – – –

Mechanical controls and valve repairers ........... 18.20 4.8 40.0 18.20 4.8 40.0 – – –

Elevator installers and repairers ........................ 19.08 22.8 40.0 19.08 22.8 40.0 – – –

Millwrights .......................................................... 18.49 5.9 40.1 18.49 5.9 40.1 – – –

Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c. ......................... 15.66 1.8 39.6 15.72 1.8 39.9 10.17 11.6 21.3

Supervisors, brickmasons, stonemasons, and

tilesetters ......................................................... 20.99 10.0 39.4 20.99 10.0 39.4 – – –

Supervisors, carpenters and related workers .... 21.13 5.2 40.5 21.13 5.2 40.5 – – –

Supervisors, electricians and power

transmission installers ..................................... 22.49 5.0 40.0 22.49 5.0 40.0 – – –

Supervisors, painters, paperhangers, and

plasterers ......................................................... 17.79 3.7 40.0 17.80 3.7 40.0 – – –

Supervisors, plumbers, pipefitters, and

steamfitters ...................................................... 20.61 11.6 40.3 20.61 11.6 40.3 – – –

Supervisors, construction trades, n.e.c. ............. 19.13 2.8 40.8 19.11 2.9 40.9 – – –

Brickmasons and stonemasons ......................... 15.75 9.5 40.0 15.75 9.5 40.0 – – –

Tile setters, hard and soft .................................. 15.19 4.2 39.0 – – – – – –

Carpet installers ................................................. 21.56 7.2 38.7 21.81 6.9 38.7 – – –

Carpenters ......................................................... 16.28 2.6 39.5 16.37 2.7 39.8 12.04 8.6 28.1

Carpenter apprentices ....................................... 12.04 4.7 40.0 12.05 4.7 40.0 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
22

Table 2-2. Private Industry, selected occupations: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers,2 National

Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Precision production, craft, and repair –Continued

Drywall installers ................................................ $14.12 3.4 40.1 $14.09 3.3 40.3 – – –

Electricians ........................................................ 18.71 2.2 40.0 18.71 2.2 40.0 – – –

Electrician apprentices ....................................... 11.88 5.3 40.2 11.88 5.3 40.2 – – –

Electrical power installers and repairers ............ 21.20 3.3 40.0 21.20 3.3 40.0 – – –

Painters, construction and maintenance ............ 13.40 7.1 39.7 13.42 7.1 39.9 – – –

Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ............... 19.26 3.2 39.8 19.26 3.2 40.0 – – –

Plumber, pipefitter, and steamfitter apprentices 13.16 5.2 40.3 13.16 5.2 40.3 – – –

Concrete and terrazzo finishers ......................... 13.11 7.3 39.3 13.15 7.7 40.2 – – –

Glaziers .............................................................. 14.21 7.9 36.8 14.21 7.9 36.8 – – –

Insulation workers .............................................. 12.74 6.2 35.5 12.92 5.9 37.0 – – –

Roofers .............................................................. 12.47 10.3 34.7 12.47 10.3 34.7 – – –

Sheetmetal duct installers .................................. 16.67 10.2 39.0 16.67 10.2 39.0 – – –

Structural metal workers .................................... 15.52 7.8 39.4 15.53 8.0 40.0 – – –

Construction trades, n.e.c. ................................. 16.29 9.2 39.1 16.34 9.2 39.8 – – –

Supervisors, extractive ...................................... 21.38 8.3 41.3 22.14 6.0 42.3 – – –

Drillers, oil well ................................................... 16.58 2.3 41.3 16.58 2.3 41.3 – – –

Mining machine operators ................................. 18.27 5.6 40.0 18.27 5.6 40.0 – – –

Mining, n.e.c. ..................................................... 19.52 3.8 40.1 19.52 3.8 40.1 – – –

Supervisors, production ..................................... 18.47 2.1 40.7 18.46 2.1 40.7 – – –

Tool and die makers .......................................... 18.54 2.2 40.0 18.55 2.3 40.2 – – –

Tool and die maker apprentices ........................ 14.46 6.7 39.9 14.46 6.7 39.9 – – –

Precision assemblers, metal .............................. 15.51 3.0 40.1 15.51 3.0 40.1 – – –

Machinists .......................................................... 15.50 3.7 40.0 15.49 3.7 40.3 – – –

Machinist apprentices ........................................ 11.55 6.2 40.0 11.76 6.1 41.5 – – –

Boilermakers ...................................................... 17.49 7.8 40.0 17.49 7.8 40.0 – – –

Precision grinders, filers, and tool sharpeners ... 15.05 8.1 40.3 15.05 8.1 40.3 – – –

Patternmakers and modelmakers, metal ........... 18.78 6.7 40.0 18.78 6.7 40.0 – – –

Layout workers .................................................. 14.66 5.6 40.0 14.66 5.6 40.0 – – –

Precious stones and metals workers ................. 8.50 8.1 40.0 8.50 8.1 40.0 – – –

Engravers, metal ................................................ 18.49 9.4 39.8 18.49 9.4 39.8 – – –

Sheet metal workers .......................................... 15.40 4.9 40.0 15.40 4.9 40.0 – – –

Sheet metal worker apprentices ........................ 13.48 7.9 40.2 13.48 7.9 40.2 – – –

Cabinet makers and bench carpenters .............. 10.63 6.9 39.8 10.59 7.0 40.0 – – –

Furniture and wood finishers ............................. 11.00 2.1 40.0 11.00 2.1 40.0 – – –

Tailors ................................................................ 10.24 6.1 37.9 10.58 6.1 39.7 – – –

Upholsterers ...................................................... 13.46 5.3 39.5 13.46 5.3 39.5 – – –

Hand molders and shapers, except jewelers ..... 14.22 11.2 40.1 14.22 11.2 40.1 – – –

Patternmakers, layout workers, and cutters ...... 16.02 15.0 38.0 16.15 15.2 38.5 – – –

Optical goods workers ....................................... 10.94 12.7 39.8 10.94 12.7 39.8 – – –

Bookbinders ....................................................... 13.39 3.9 39.4 13.39 3.9 39.4 – – –

Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers 9.33 2.3 39.6 9.38 2.2 40.0 $6.49 5.0 23.7

Miscellaneous precision workers, n.e.c. ............ 14.74 6.4 39.6 14.82 6.4 39.9 – – –

Precision food production .................................. 10.75 7.4 40.0 10.75 7.4 40.0 – – –

Butchers and meat cutters ................................. 10.00 4.2 38.7 10.16 4.7 39.9 – – –

Bakers ................................................................ 9.44 4.1 35.5 9.81 4.3 39.3 6.80 3.8 21.3

Food batchmakers ............................................. 8.91 6.5 38.3 9.00 6.9 40.0 – – –

Inspectors, testers, and graders ........................ 15.61 2.7 40.2 15.65 2.7 40.4 – – –

Precision inspectors, testers, and related

workers, n.e.c. ................................................. 18.61 8.7 40.0 18.61 8.7 40.0 – – –

Adjusters and calibrators ................................... 11.77 12.9 39.7 11.74 13.0 40.0 – – –

Water and sewer treatment plant operators ...... 14.58 2.7 40.0 14.58 2.7 40.0 – – –

Power plant operators ........................................ 21.49 3.0 40.2 21.49 3.0 40.2 – – –

Stationary engineers .......................................... 17.85 4.9 39.4 17.84 5.0 39.9 – – –

Miscellaneous plant and system operators,

n.e.c. ................................................................ 20.33 2.2 40.0 20.33 2.2 40.0 – – –

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..... 11.02 1.1 39.6 11.08 1.1 40.0 6.93 2.5 23.2

Lathe and turning machine set-up operators ..... 13.42 3.7 40.0 13.42 3.7 40.0 – – –

Lathe and turning machine operators ................ 12.26 4.4 39.9 12.26 4.4 39.9 – – –

Punching and stamping press operators ........... 11.80 3.3 40.0 11.82 3.3 40.1 – – –

Rolling machine operators ................................. 13.06 8.9 40.2 13.06 8.9 40.2 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
23

Table 2-2. Private Industry, selected occupations: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers,2 National

Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors

–Continued

Drilling and boring machine operators ............... $11.54 9.6 40.0 $11.54 9.6 40.0 – – –

Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing

machine operators ........................................... 10.99 3.0 40.0 11.01 3.0 40.1 – – –

Forging machine operators ................................ 11.68 4.3 39.9 11.68 4.3 39.9 – – –

Numerical control machine operators ................ 12.62 3.5 40.3 12.62 3.5 40.3 – – –

Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c. ............... 12.62 2.4 40.0 12.62 2.4 40.0 – – –

Molding and casting machine operators ............ 9.82 3.0 39.7 9.91 3.0 39.8 $5.71 9.1 32.8

Metal plating machine operators ........................ 11.62 3.9 40.3 11.66 3.7 40.6 – – –

Heat treating equipment operators .................... 13.26 2.9 40.0 13.26 2.9 40.0 – – –

Wood lathe, routing, and planing machine

operators .......................................................... 9.77 8.3 40.0 9.77 8.3 40.0 – – –

Sawing machine operators ................................ 8.96 5.5 39.8 8.95 5.5 40.0 – – –

Shaping and jointing machine operators ........... 9.09 6.8 39.9 9.09 6.8 39.9 – – –

Nailing and tacking machine operators .............. 9.13 2.4 40.0 9.13 2.4 40.0 – – –

Printing press operators ..................................... 14.83 3.3 39.2 14.83 3.3 39.5 14.09 13.1 25.2

Photoengravers and lithographers ..................... 14.51 3.5 38.8 14.62 3.5 39.3 – – –

Typesetters and compositors ............................. 12.69 5.7 37.6 12.76 6.0 39.5 11.09 11.0 18.3

Winding and twisting machine operators ........... 10.59 6.7 40.1 10.59 6.7 40.2 – – –

Knitting, looping, taping, and weaving machine

operators .......................................................... 9.15 3.1 40.3 9.15 3.1 40.3 – – –

Textile cutting machine operators ...................... 9.37 8.2 40.3 9.37 8.2 40.3 – – –

Textile sewing machine operators ..................... 7.16 3.9 39.4 7.17 4.0 39.8 – – –

Shoe machine operators .................................... 8.82 8.1 39.9 8.82 8.1 39.9 – – –

Pressing machine operators .............................. 7.10 3.7 39.7 7.10 3.7 39.7 – – –

Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators 7.07 1.5 37.7 7.10 1.6 39.5 6.70 4.6 23.1

Cementing and gluing machine operators ......... 9.86 8.8 40.0 9.86 8.8 40.0 – – –

Packaging and filling machine operators ........... 10.07 4.8 39.2 10.10 4.9 40.0 8.87 11.2 20.3

Extruding and forming machine operators ......... 10.76 3.2 39.8 10.76 3.2 39.8 – – –

Mixing and blending machine operators ............ 12.57 2.6 40.1 12.57 2.6 40.1 – – –

Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine

operators .......................................................... 15.27 3.5 39.9 15.27 3.5 39.9 – – –

Compressing and compacting machine

operators .......................................................... 10.18 3.3 40.2 10.20 3.4 40.7 – – –

Painting and paint spraying machine operators 11.53 2.8 40.2 11.53 2.8 40.2 – – –

Roasting and baking machine operators, food .. 11.10 9.2 39.5 11.08 9.3 40.0 – – –

Washing, cleaning, and pickling machine

operators .......................................................... 10.64 7.6 38.1 10.69 7.7 40.8 – – –

Folding machine operators ................................ 10.95 4.6 39.6 10.95 4.6 39.6 – – –

Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food 12.85 5.8 39.9 12.86 5.8 40.0 – – –

Crushing and grinding machine operators ......... 11.39 5.9 40.0 11.39 5.9 40.0 – – –

Slicing and cutting machine operators ............... 11.71 5.0 39.8 11.79 5.0 40.0 – – –

Photographic process machine operators ......... 10.61 5.0 38.4 10.83 5.0 40.0 7.80 13.3 25.3

Miscellaneous machine operators, n.e.c. .......... 11.56 2.4 39.6 11.62 2.4 39.9 6.52 6.3 25.5

Welders and cutters ........................................... 13.59 1.9 40.1 13.61 1.9 40.1 – – –

Solders and braziers .......................................... 8.54 8.1 40.0 8.54 8.2 40.0 – – –

Assemblers ........................................................ 11.15 2.6 39.4 11.26 2.5 40.0 6.19 3.1 23.0

Hand cutting and trimming ................................. 8.89 5.8 39.7 8.92 5.8 40.0 – – –

Hand molding, casting, and forming .................. 12.03 7.2 39.9 12.06 7.1 40.0 – – –

Hand painting, coating, and decorating ............. 10.08 6.3 39.1 10.13 6.4 40.0 – – –

Hand engraving and printing .............................. 8.13 7.6 40.1 8.13 7.6 40.1 – – –

Miscellaneous hand working, n.e.c. ................... 9.50 3.2 38.6 9.62 3.3 39.9 5.45 8.1 18.4

Production inspectors, checkers and examiners 10.68 3.1 39.9 10.69 3.1 40.1 8.18 5.9 22.3

Production testers .............................................. 11.45 4.2 40.1 11.45 4.2 40.1 – – –

Production samplers and weighers .................... 12.51 7.2 40.3 12.51 7.2 40.3 – – –

Graders and sorters, except agricultural ............ 8.66 8.3 40.2 8.66 8.3 40.2 – – –

Hand inspectors, n.e.c. ...................................... 9.57 8.1 39.9 9.59 8.1 40.0 – – –

Transportation and material moving ......................... 13.30 1.4 38.3 13.65 1.4 41.2 9.44 6.0 21.6

Supervisors, motor vehicle operators ................ 15.80 6.1 41.9 15.80 6.1 41.9 – – –

Truck drivers ...................................................... 14.01 1.6 40.0 14.18 1.7 42.0 11.39 6.3 22.4

See footnotes at end of table.
24

Table 2-2. Private Industry, selected occupations: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers,2 National

Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Transportation and material moving –Continued

Driver-sales workers .......................................... $13.12 4.6 39.0 $13.69 4.4 41.7 $6.52 7.3 22.3

Bus drivers ......................................................... 10.63 3.6 29.3 11.28 4.3 37.9 9.75 5.3 22.5

Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs .......................... 7.92 5.0 31.5 8.59 6.0 39.9 6.34 3.6 21.0

Parking lot attendants ........................................ 6.77 4.3 26.7 7.49 5.4 39.8 6.04 4.4 20.0

Motor transportation, n.e.c. ................................ 7.81 5.5 31.0 8.43 6.6 39.3 6.00 3.2 19.3

Railroad conductors and yardmasters ............... 23.43 7.6 40.5 23.43 7.6 40.5 – – –

Locomotive operating ........................................ 24.05 11.3 41.3 24.05 11.3 41.3 – – –

Ship captains and mates, except fishing boats .. 15.99 6.8 52.4 16.08 7.0 53.7 – – –

Sailors and deckhands ...................................... 8.90 7.0 49.0 8.91 7.0 49.0 – – –

Marine engineers ............................................... 11.68 21.2 57.9 11.68 21.2 57.9 – – –

Supervisors, material moving equipment ........... 19.15 5.7 41.4 19.15 5.7 41.4 – – –

Operating engineers .......................................... 17.58 8.6 40.1 17.58 8.6 40.1 – – –

Longshore equipment operators ........................ 20.66 8.4 30.1 – – – – – –

Hoist and winch operators ................................. 11.65 7.9 40.8 11.65 7.9 40.8 – – –

Crane and tower operators ................................ 15.67 3.5 40.3 15.67 3.5 40.3 – – –

Excavating and loading machine operators ....... 14.10 5.9 40.2 14.10 5.9 40.2 – – –

Grader, dozer, and scrapper operators ............. 14.23 10.3 40.3 14.23 10.3 40.3 – – –

Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators 11.70 1.8 39.6 11.73 1.9 40.0 9.28 7.9 22.4

Miscellaneous material moving equipment

operators, n.e.c. ............................................... 14.15 4.0 36.0 14.51 4.3 40.0 – – –

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ....................................................................... 9.18 1.0 35.2 9.63 1.0 39.8 6.79 1.5 21.9

Nursery workers ................................................. 6.56 2.6 37.7 6.66 3.2 40.1 5.76 3.3 25.4

Supervisors, agriculture-related workers ........... 16.66 12.4 40.2 16.50 12.9 40.2 – – –

Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm ... 8.24 2.1 38.4 8.30 2.3 39.8 6.93 4.5 22.4

Animal caretakers, except farm ......................... 9.05 13.0 36.7 9.29 12.4 39.7 – – –

Inspectors, agricultural products ........................ 7.56 8.1 36.0 8.03 13.8 39.8 – – –

Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and

laborers, n.e.c. ................................................. 13.88 2.6 39.9 13.89 2.7 40.6 – – –

Helpers, mechanics and repairers ..................... 10.66 6.0 39.3 10.71 6.1 40.2 7.94 9.0 19.6

Helpers, construction trades .............................. 9.41 2.8 39.5 9.48 2.8 40.2 7.27 10.6 26.3

Helpers, extractive ............................................. 14.17 13.0 38.4 14.35 13.1 40.0 – – –

Construction laborers ......................................... 10.52 5.4 39.3 10.71 5.6 40.0 6.28 5.1 28.9

Production helpers ............................................. 9.61 3.6 39.3 9.69 3.6 39.9 6.88 4.3 25.3

Garbage collectors ............................................. 11.44 17.1 39.4 11.71 17.6 40.0 – – –

Stevedores ......................................................... 19.25 4.0 38.8 19.25 4.0 38.9 – – –

Stock handlers and baggers .............................. 8.22 1.8 29.5 9.65 1.5 39.6 6.12 1.6 21.4

Machine feeders and offbearers ........................ 9.16 2.8 38.7 9.20 2.9 39.8 8.12 8.9 21.6

Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c. ...... 10.47 2.6 34.4 10.82 3.0 39.8 8.88 1.8 21.4

Garage and service station related .................... 8.42 11.2 32.2 9.17 11.4 38.9 6.17 8.1 21.2

Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners ......... 8.41 4.1 37.0 8.57 4.5 40.1 6.80 6.8 21.1

Hand packers and packagers ............................ 8.17 1.8 37.6 8.33 1.9 39.8 6.44 2.7 23.5

Laborers, except construction, n.e.c. ................. 8.77 1.6 37.0 9.02 1.6 39.8 6.74 2.7 23.4

Service .............................................................................. 7.51 .6 31.9 8.00 .7 38.7 6.07 .7 21.1

Protective service .................................................. 8.29 2.0 34.8 8.50 2.1 39.5 7.37 3.0 23.0

Supervisors, guards ........................................... 12.59 7.9 37.0 13.16 6.0 39.7 – – –

Fire inspection and fire prevention ..................... 12.82 17.2 40.0 12.82 17.2 40.0 – – –

Police and detectives, public service ................. 15.74 11.7 18.8 – – – – – –

Guards and police, except public service .......... 8.00 2.3 35.1 8.13 2.6 39.5 7.44 3.3 23.8

Protective service, n.e.c. .................................... 8.38 9.1 25.3 10.03 12.9 39.1 6.09 3.1 17.0

Food service .......................................................... 6.32 .7 30.3 6.89 .9 38.6 5.22 .6 21.4

Supervisors, food preparation and service ........ 10.70 2.1 38.5 11.01 2.2 40.9 7.34 3.4 23.5

Bartenders ......................................................... 5.98 3.4 29.3 6.53 3.8 37.7 5.17 4.9 22.1

Waiters and waitresses ...................................... 4.03 4.5 29.2 4.29 4.6 38.0 3.58 2.3 20.8

Cooks ................................................................. 8.13 1.1 34.2 8.43 1.1 38.7 6.98 2.1 23.9

Food counter, fountain, and related ................... 5.85 1.2 25.6 6.28 2.5 37.2 5.51 1.3 20.5

Kitchen workers, food preparation ..................... 7.34 1.4 30.6 7.91 1.8 38.8 6.35 1.5 22.4

Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ......................... 5.37 2.6 27.4 5.78 3.6 38.0 4.86 2.7 20.5

See footnotes at end of table.
25

Table 2-2. Private Industry, selected occupations: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers,2 National

Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Service –Continued

Food service –Continued

Food preparation, n.e.c. ..................................... $6.29 1.0 30.3 $6.62 2.7 38.9 $5.65 1.0 21.4

Health service ........................................................ 8.06 .7 33.1 8.12 .8 38.6 7.82 1.2 20.7

Dental assistants ............................................... 10.51 4.8 32.3 10.44 5.2 39.9 11.29 8.2 10.2

Health aides, except nursing ............................. 9.06 1.3 32.4 9.21 1.4 38.8 8.36 3.0 18.4

Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ............ 7.81 .7 33.2 7.84 .8 38.5 7.70 1.2 21.3

Cleaning and building service ................................ 7.98 1.2 34.0 8.34 1.3 39.3 6.46 1.2 21.5

Supervisors, cleaning and building service

workers ............................................................ 9.65 8.1 39.5 9.72 8.6 40.1 7.64 4.0 27.0

Maids and housemen ........................................ 7.04 2.0 34.7 7.11 2.1 38.6 6.62 2.3 20.9

Janitors and cleaners ......................................... 8.00 1.6 32.9 8.50 1.8 39.4 6.40 1.4 21.5

Personal service .................................................... 8.65 1.7 30.2 9.51 2.3 37.6 6.27 3.2 19.5

Supervisors, personal service ............................ – – – – – – 7.96 13.1 19.2

Hairdressers and cosmetologists ....................... – – – – – – 7.45 9.4 24.5

Attendants, amusement, and recreation

facilities ............................................................ 6.07 4.3 31.5 6.34 4.1 39.5 5.35 3.5 20.3

Guides ............................................................... 7.97 6.6 27.2 8.52 6.1 39.9 7.25 10.6 19.1

Ushers ............................................................... 5.96 3.1 18.9 – – – 5.88 4.1 15.2

Public transportation attendants ........................ 22.62 8.4 22.1 23.86 7.1 22.4 9.78 19.4 19.7

Baggage porters and bellhops ........................... 6.90 6.4 35.6 6.38 6.2 39.5 9.48 15.6 23.9

Welfare service aides ........................................ 6.70 7.1 26.5 7.69 4.4 38.9 5.74 7.8 20.3

Early childhood teachers’ assistants .................. 6.70 3.0 25.9 7.06 4.3 38.4 6.23 3.2 18.3

Child care workers, n.e.c. .................................. 7.72 2.3 28.6 8.23 2.9 39.6 6.78 2.9 19.0

Service, n.e.c. .................................................... 6.91 8.2 31.9 6.91 10.2 39.2 6.91 6.1 18.9

1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They

include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium

pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is

computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,

weighted by hours. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as

working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each

establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered

a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where

a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 This survey covers the 48 contiguous States. Collection was conducted between

October 1996 and July 1998. The average reference period was August 1997. 4 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all

workers in the civilian economy. For more information, see appendix B. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the

estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For

more information about RSEs, see appendix A.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication

criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may

include data for categories not shown separately. 
26

Table 2-3. State and local government, selected occupations: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours for full-time and part-time

workers,2 National Compensation Survey,3 1997

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

All .......................................................................................... $17.82 0.7 36.5 $18.20 0.8 38.9 $12.27 1.4 19.2

All excluding sales ......................................................... 17.84 .7 36.5 18.22 .8 39.0 12.31 1.4 19.2

White collar ...................................................................... 20.08 .8 36.4 20.39 .8 38.5 14.92 1.6 18.8

White collar excluding sales ...................................... 20.13 .8 36.4 20.43 .8 38.5 15.03 1.6 18.8

Professional specialty and technical ......................... 23.84 .8 35.9 24.11 .8 38.1 19.05 1.8 17.6

Professional specialty ................................................ 24.97 .8 35.7 25.24 .8 37.9 19.97 1.7 16.8

Engineers, architects, and surveyors ..................... 24.50 2.1 39.8 24.52 2.1 39.8 – – –

Architects ........................................................... 25.49 4.9 39.1 25.51 4.9 39.1 – – –

Civil engineers ................................................... 25.18 2.4 39.3 25.22 2.4 39.3 – – –

Electrical and electronic engineers .................... 25.29 4.7 40.0 25.29 4.7 40.0 – – –

Industrial engineers ........................................... 19.15 6.2 39.7 19.15 6.2 39.7 – – –

Mechanical engineers ........................................ 24.95 7.1 37.0 24.95 7.1 37.0 – – –

Engineers, n.e.c. ................................................ 24.30 6.0 41.3 24.30 6.0 41.3 – – –

Surveyors and mapping scientists ..................... 18.89 7.2 38.6 19.06 7.3 39.3 – – –

Mathematical and computer scientists ................... 20.85 2.7 39.6 20.88 2.7 39.9 – – –

Computer systems analysts and scientists ........ 20.91 2.7 39.6 20.95 2.7 39.9 – – –

Operations and systems researchers and

analysts ............................................................ 21.44 16.9 38.8 21.53 17.1 39.1 – – –

Natural scientists ................................................... 19.62 3.5 40.7 19.73 3.9 41.0 16.35 5.6 33.1

Chemists, except biochemists ........................... 24.18 5.3 43.6 24.18 5.3 43.6 – – –

Geologists and geodesists ................................. 17.12 13.2 43.2 17.67 16.9 43.9 – – –

Physical scientists, n.e.c. ................................... 19.93 5.6 39.8 19.93 5.6 39.8 – – –

Agricultural and food scientists .......................... 18.26 4.5 40.0 18.26 4.5 40.0 – – –

Biological and life scientists ............................... 18.70 8.6 40.5 18.74 8.7 40.6 – – –

Forestry and conservation scientists ................. 17.88 11.8 39.9 17.88 11.8 39.9 – – –

Medical scientists ............................................... 19.13 7.1 39.0 19.13 7.4 40.0 – – –

Health related ........................................................ 21.29 1.9 37.2 21.19 2.1 39.8 22.09 3.0 23.9

Physicians .......................................................... 28.15 12.3 43.9 27.54 12.8 45.7 46.77 9.5 19.8

Registered nurses .............................................. 20.17 1.1 36.4 19.97 1.2 39.2 21.78 2.0 23.3

Pharmacists ....................................................... 24.02 5.1 38.2 25.08 4.5 39.9 – – –

Dietitians ............................................................ 15.68 4.0 38.1 15.60 4.1 39.6 – – –

Respiratory therapists ........................................ 17.16 2.8 33.9 17.68 2.6 39.1 14.92 2.1 21.5

Occupational therapists ..................................... 22.84 6.4 36.6 22.69 6.3 38.4 24.28 28.5 25.3

Physical therapists ............................................. 23.06 5.7 36.3 24.39 6.2 39.2 20.56 2.8 31.8

Speech therapists .............................................. 23.40 8.7 35.5 23.35 9.2 37.2 24.15 12.7 19.7

Therapists, n.e.c. ............................................... 16.64 7.0 37.9 16.27 7.1 39.4 20.38 11.8 27.4

Physicians’ assistants ........................................ 18.26 21.2 29.3 – – – – – –

Teachers, college and university ........................... 32.06 2.0 33.8 32.54 2.1 39.6 26.99 4.8 13.2

Earth, environmental, and marine science

teachers ........................................................... 33.13 14.2 36.8 33.05 14.6 38.6 – – –

Biological science teachers ............................... 31.95 11.6 39.0 32.23 12.3 43.1 27.52 12.6 15.9

Chemistry teachers ............................................ 32.93 8.7 41.6 33.20 8.8 43.6 – – –

Physics teachers ................................................ 33.10 14.8 38.5 33.10 14.8 38.5 – – –

Natural science teachers, n.e.c. ........................ 40.49 5.8 37.7 42.05 5.2 39.4 – – –

Psychology teachers .......................................... 28.30 8.7 36.2 28.48 8.8 39.5 – – –

History teachers ................................................. 34.61 7.5 34.7 35.10 7.9 39.5 – – –

Political science teachers .................................. 31.51 10.4 37.8 31.54 10.5 40.1 – – –

Sociology teachers ............................................ 32.26 11.9 37.1 32.48 11.9 39.4 – – –

Social science teachers, n.e.c. .......................... 31.69 7.6 38.6 31.75 7.8 39.4 – – –

Engineering teachers ......................................... 33.32 12.2 42.9 34.39 12.8 47.8 19.33 25.3 18.4

Mathematical science teachers ......................... 31.80 5.0 31.3 32.47 5.5 39.3 25.37 10.1 10.7

Computer science teachers ............................... 26.45 12.2 30.0 30.48 10.7 39.4 21.35 6.4 23.1

Medical science teachers .................................. 37.50 5.8 35.9 34.66 6.9 44.7 50.99 16.1 18.6

Health specialities teachers ............................... 31.10 4.6 33.0 31.70 4.9 38.4 22.57 8.4 11.0

Business, commerce, and marketing teachers .. 31.66 9.1 36.3 31.83 9.4 40.1 25.24 16.6 8.0

Agriculture and forestry teachers ....................... 41.94 24.8 35.2 41.94 24.8 35.2 – – –

Art, drama, and music teachers ......................... 29.31 4.3 34.7 29.97 4.4 39.3 21.62 9.0 14.7

Physical education teachers .............................. 25.77 22.0 29.6 26.55 25.2 38.3 20.42 29.3 11.7

Education teachers ............................................ 33.10 7.4 37.6 34.18 6.8 41.2 – – –

English teachers ................................................ 33.29 4.8 33.7 33.63 5.0 37.9 27.80 6.7 11.9

Foreign language teachers ................................ 20.06 16.7 33.3 19.60 19.0 44.8 21.88 34.0 16.7

Trade and industrial teachers ............................ 25.84 1.7 34.2 26.40 2.0 37.6 19.04 7.6 16.3

Teachers, post secondary, subject not specified 31.76 9.2 32.1 32.61 9.7 37.7 20.28 9.2 10.7

See footnotes at end of table.
27

Table 2-3. State and local government, selected occupations: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours for full-time and part-time

workers,2 National Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Professional specialty –Continued

Teachers, college and university –Continued

Teachers, post secondary, n.e.c. ....................... $30.56 3.3 31.0 $30.95 3.6 38.1 $26.87 6.4 11.3

Teachers, except college and university ................ 26.49 1.0 34.8 26.87 1.0 36.7 16.90 3.5 14.9

Prekindergarten and kindergarten ..................... 24.25 4.1 35.0 24.18 4.2 36.9 26.21 4.9 13.8

Elementary school teachers .............................. 26.71 1.1 36.3 26.75 1.1 36.8 23.22 8.6 17.5

Secondary school teachers ............................... 26.93 1.6 36.8 26.91 1.7 37.2 28.22 6.8 21.7

Teachers, special education .............................. 27.88 2.2 35.9 27.99 2.2 36.2 22.72 15.6 24.7

Teachers, n.e.c. ................................................. 27.89 2.6 31.5 28.80 2.6 35.7 18.84 8.2 14.5

Substitute teachers ............................................ 10.15 4.1 14.7 10.21 7.6 31.6 10.14 4.7 13.0

Vocational and educational counselors ............. 25.40 4.2 36.7 25.58 4.4 37.6 20.72 13.7 22.1

Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................ 20.29 4.1 36.9 20.62 4.4 38.5 15.85 3.7 24.1

Librarians ........................................................... 20.97 4.5 36.8 21.37 4.8 38.4 15.96 3.7 24.3

Archivists and curators ...................................... 14.76 6.7 38.2 14.80 6.9 39.2 – – –

Social scientists and urban planners ..................... 22.40 5.0 38.3 22.40 5.1 38.7 22.30 6.3 20.9

Economists ........................................................ 20.10 5.0 40.0 20.10 5.0 40.0 – – –

Psychologists ..................................................... 26.59 5.1 37.4 26.67 5.2 38.1 22.66 6.8 20.9

Social scientists, n.e.c. ...................................... 11.29 10.2 39.9 11.29 10.2 39.9 – – –

Urban planners .................................................. 20.76 4.5 39.5 20.78 4.5 39.6 – – –

Social, recreation, and religious workers ............... 16.12 1.8 37.9 16.16 1.8 39.2 14.82 5.7 19.7

Social workers ................................................... 16.26 1.9 38.5 16.26 1.9 39.2 16.08 8.1 22.3

Recreation workers ............................................ 13.76 4.9 30.8 14.11 5.7 39.2 12.20 7.3 15.8

Lawyers and judges ............................................... 29.67 3.8 36.1 29.83 4.0 39.3 27.31 8.7 15.9

Lawyers ............................................................. 28.27 3.9 36.3 28.31 4.1 39.2 27.60 9.2 17.0

Judges ............................................................... 41.56 7.5 34.2 42.62 6.8 39.9 24.83 32.8 10.5

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and

professionals, n.e.c. ............................................. 20.33 3.6 33.7 20.65 5.8 39.5 18.24 6.4 17.2

Designers ........................................................... 15.01 8.5 39.9 15.01 8.5 39.9 – – –

Musicians and composers ................................. 13.43 7.7 15.7 – – – – – –

Painters, sculptors, craft artists, and artist

printmakers ...................................................... 17.45 11.3 39.6 17.45 11.3 39.6 – – –

Artists, performers, and related workers, n.e.c. 16.52 9.6 26.2 14.71 4.6 39.1 18.11 14.8 20.3

Editors and reporters ......................................... 16.09 7.2 38.3 16.40 7.7 39.9 – – –

Public relations specialists ................................. 19.21 9.7 34.0 19.48 10.4 39.4 16.91 22.7 15.5

Athletes .............................................................. 22.90 19.1 27.2 26.70 13.3 40.0 11.93 13.4 14.1

Professional, n.e.c. ............................................ 22.17 7.4 36.7 21.70 7.1 39.4 27.36 24.8 21.0

Technical ................................................................... 14.46 1.3 37.5 14.49 1.3 39.6 14.12 3.8 23.4

Clinical laboratory technologists and

technicians ....................................................... 14.38 4.9 38.5 14.37 5.1 39.6 14.76 8.1 21.5

Health record technologists and technicians ..... 12.59 8.1 32.5 11.52 8.7 39.9 15.05 8.9 22.8

Radiological technicians .................................... 15.47 4.9 33.7 14.92 3.9 39.9 17.77 14.7 20.4

Licensed practical nurses .................................. 12.51 2.6 37.3 12.42 2.8 39.6 13.52 5.6 22.1

Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c. ...... 13.08 3.0 37.4 13.28 2.9 39.8 10.47 10.5 20.6

Electrical and electronic technicians .................. 15.59 10.8 38.4 15.73 11.3 39.7 11.52 10.6 19.4

Engineering technicians, n.e.c. .......................... 15.98 3.8 38.6 15.75 4.2 39.2 – – –

Drafters .............................................................. 17.58 7.0 39.1 17.71 7.4 39.8 – – –

Surveying and mapping technicians .................. 14.77 5.9 39.1 14.77 5.9 39.1 – – –

Biological technicians ........................................ 12.25 6.2 34.5 12.77 6.0 40.0 – – –

Chemical technicians ......................................... 17.62 4.3 38.1 17.97 3.6 40.0 – – –

Science technicians, n.e.c. ................................ 14.81 3.3 34.2 15.32 3.9 38.9 – – –

Broadcast equipment operators ......................... 16.74 13.1 38.5 16.76 13.2 39.2 – – –

Computer programmers ..................................... 18.14 3.8 39.3 18.20 4.3 39.4 – – –

Legal assistants ................................................. 13.94 7.1 39.3 14.17 6.5 39.6 – – –

Technical and related, n.e.c. .............................. 15.40 4.4 36.8 15.51 4.7 39.4 14.21 5.3 21.3

Executive, administrative, and managerial ............... 23.95 1.9 38.6 23.99 1.9 39.5 20.96 7.0 14.8

Executives, administrators, and managers ............ 27.64 1.8 38.5 27.71 1.8 39.6 22.81 10.5 12.7

Legislators ......................................................... 16.21 15.1 13.7 12.73 19.3 33.7 22.02 26.0 6.9

Chief executives and general administrators,

public administration ........................................ 36.72 8.3 40.5 36.72 8.3 40.5 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
28

Table 2-3. State and local government, selected occupations: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours for full-time and part-time

workers,2 National Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Executive, administrative, and managerial

–Continued

Executives, administrators, and managers

–Continued

Administrators and officials, public

administration .................................................. $24.83 2.6 38.9 $24.85 2.6 39.7 $23.36 20.2 15.0

Financial managers ........................................... 33.40 4.1 39.6 33.40 4.1 39.6 – – –

Personnel and labor relations managers ........... 30.37 5.7 40.1 30.37 5.7 40.1 – – –

Purchasing managers ........................................ 24.01 13.4 39.6 24.01 13.4 39.6 – – –

Managers, marketing, advertising, and public

relations ........................................................... 26.21 9.2 39.6 26.35 9.2 39.8 – – –

Administrators, education and related fields ...... 31.67 2.1 39.1 31.67 2.1 39.4 31.58 11.8 20.4

Managers, medicine and health ......................... 26.09 7.7 39.6 26.09 7.7 39.6 – – –

Managers, food servicing and lodging

establishments ................................................. 16.61 9.6 38.9 16.59 9.9 39.2 – – –

Managers, properties and real estate ................ 21.24 5.8 39.2 21.24 5.8 39.2 – – –

Managers, service organizations, n.e.c. ............ 18.51 4.9 38.2 18.96 4.8 39.3 10.48 12.4 25.4

Managers and administrators, n.e.c. ................. 27.23 4.4 39.4 27.24 4.4 40.0 – – –

Management related .............................................. 18.51 2.0 38.8 18.52 2.0 39.3 18.06 6.0 19.9

Accountants and auditors .................................. 17.79 3.2 38.9 17.77 3.3 39.3 – – –

Other financial officers ....................................... 22.05 6.4 38.4 22.07 6.4 38.6 – – –

Management analysts ........................................ 19.62 6.2 39.2 19.44 6.0 39.6 – – –

Personnel, training, and labor relations

specialists ........................................................ 17.71 2.9 39.1 17.70 2.9 39.5 18.55 10.7 26.2

Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c. ............... 14.74 9.7 39.9 14.74 9.7 39.9 – – –

Construction inspectors ..................................... 19.01 4.5 38.9 18.98 4.6 39.6 – – –

Inspectors and compliance officers, except

construction ..................................................... 17.40 4.1 38.5 17.42 4.1 38.9 – – –

Management related, n.e.c. ............................... 19.78 2.7 38.5 19.88 2.7 39.2 14.63 8.4 19.5

Sales ............................................................................. 11.13 4.7 33.1 11.73 5.4 38.2 7.87 5.9 19.2

Supervisors, sales ............................................. 13.99 6.2 36.6 14.42 6.3 39.8 – – –

Real estate sales ............................................... 18.25 14.8 38.2 18.25 14.8 38.2 – – –

Sales workers, other commodities ..................... 8.35 14.2 31.1 8.83 16.7 39.1 – – –

Cashiers ............................................................. 10.00 5.6 32.1 10.50 6.4 37.5 7.97 6.5 20.2

Administrative support, including clerical ................ 11.50 .9 36.3 11.66 .9 38.8 9.64 2.4 21.0

Supervisors, general office ................................ 15.55 2.4 39.3 15.55 2.4 39.4 – – –

Supervisors, computer equipment operators ..... 21.91 3.1 39.0 21.91 3.1 39.0 – – –

Supervisors, financial records processing ......... 15.72 5.1 38.4 15.72 5.1 38.4 – – –

Chief communications operators ....................... 15.04 8.8 40.4 15.04 8.8 40.4 – – –

Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and

adjusting clerks ................................................ 15.94 8.9 38.6 15.94 8.9 38.6 – – –

Computer operators ........................................... 12.13 5.7 38.6 12.19 5.8 39.4 – – –

Secretaries ......................................................... 12.09 1.6 38.3 12.15 1.6 39.1 9.95 4.9 22.5

Stenographers ................................................... 15.87 6.5 35.9 15.91 6.8 38.4 – – –

Typists ............................................................... 11.02 2.4 37.5 11.08 2.4 38.9 9.42 5.1 19.7

Interviewers ....................................................... 10.21 5.3 38.0 10.11 5.7 39.7 – – –

Receptionists ..................................................... 9.44 4.3 34.8 9.63 4.7 39.3 7.92 8.0 18.6

Information clerks, n.e.c. .................................... 11.75 5.7 36.1 11.69 6.3 39.2 12.36 11.0 20.5

Order clerks ....................................................... 14.65 7.7 38.4 14.96 7.9 40.0 – – –

Personnel clerks, except payroll and

timekeeping ..................................................... 12.82 4.7 36.1 13.22 4.9 39.3 – – –

Library clerks ..................................................... 9.68 2.1 29.5 10.06 2.8 38.0 8.75 3.1 19.0

File clerks ........................................................... 9.49 5.6 36.0 9.66 6.3 39.3 8.00 5.8 21.2

Records clerks, n.e.c. ........................................ 10.90 2.5 37.8 10.89 2.6 39.3 11.06 8.8 21.9

Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ... 11.75 1.7 38.2 11.78 1.7 39.1 10.17 8.1 18.5

Payroll and timekeeping clerks .......................... 12.99 4.6 38.2 12.99 4.6 39.1 – – –

Billing clerks ....................................................... 10.67 7.0 36.2 10.63 7.4 39.9 – – –

Duplicating machine operators .......................... 8.20 10.0 39.0 8.10 9.8 39.9 – – –

Telephone operators .......................................... 10.25 8.1 37.6 10.32 8.4 39.2 – – –

Communications equipment operators, n.e.c. ... 10.65 5.9 36.7 – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
29

Table 2-3. State and local government, selected occupations: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours for full-time and part-time

workers,2 National Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Administrative support, including clerical

–Continued

Mail clerks, except postal service ...................... $8.40 7.9 39.3 $8.39 8.0 39.7 – – –

Messengers ....................................................... 9.73 19.0 33.6 10.02 19.4 37.6 – – –

Dispatchers ........................................................ 12.70 4.8 38.4 12.89 4.9 40.0 $8.65 9.1 20.9

Production coordinators ..................................... 16.48 9.5 39.6 16.48 9.5 39.6 – – –

Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ................. 13.30 3.9 38.9 13.30 3.9 38.9 – – –

Stock and inventory clerks ................................. 11.13 3.8 38.5 11.26 4.0 39.5 8.56 11.5 25.7

Meter readers .................................................... 13.27 5.4 39.1 13.35 5.5 40.0 – – –

Material recording, scheduling, and distribution

clerks, n.e.c. ..................................................... 13.35 7.7 39.1 13.50 7.8 40.0 – – –

Insurance adjusters, examiners, and

investigators ..................................................... 13.61 7.3 40.0 13.61 7.3 40.0 – – –

Investigators and adjusters, except insurance ... 13.93 6.6 38.2 14.22 6.6 40.0 – – –

Eligibility clerks, social welfare ........................... 13.07 2.0 38.5 13.13 2.0 38.8 – – –

Bill and account collectors ................................. 12.45 4.2 39.9 12.45 4.2 39.9 – – –

General office clerks .......................................... 10.98 1.4 37.0 11.14 1.4 39.2 8.85 5.8 21.7

Data entry keyers ............................................... 10.95 3.0 38.9 10.96 3.0 39.3 – – –

Statistical clerks ................................................. 9.53 2.7 38.6 9.57 2.7 39.8 – – –

Teachers’ aides ................................................. 9.15 1.8 30.6 8.85 1.6 35.6 10.05 4.1 21.6

Administrative support, n.e.c. ............................ 12.24 2.8 36.7 12.43 3.0 39.1 9.62 5.0 19.7

Blue collar ........................................................................ 13.78 1.2 37.3 14.01 1.3 39.4 10.34 2.0 20.6

Precision production, craft, and repair ...................... 15.71 1.6 39.6 15.73 1.6 39.8 11.76 12.4 16.1

Supervisors, mechanics and repairers .............. 19.62 4.1 39.9 19.62 4.1 39.9 – – –

Automobile mechanics ....................................... 17.02 8.1 39.7 17.02 8.1 39.7 – – –

Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics .... 15.68 4.7 39.8 15.68 4.7 39.8 – – –

Small engine repairs .......................................... 12.21 6.0 40.0 12.21 6.0 40.0 – – –

Heavy equipment mechanics ............................. 15.69 6.0 40.0 15.69 6.0 40.0 – – –

Industrial machinery repairers ........................... 17.12 7.7 39.9 17.12 7.7 39.9 – – –

Machinery maintenance ..................................... 11.74 10.5 36.6 11.74 10.5 36.6 – – –

Electronic repairers, communications and

industrial equipment ......................................... 16.28 6.3 37.1 16.45 6.3 39.7 – – –

Data processing equipment repairers ................ 14.10 3.1 40.0 14.10 3.1 40.0 – – –

Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration

mechanics ........................................................ 14.80 4.5 39.4 14.78 4.5 39.9 – – –

Mechanical controls and valve repairers ........... 15.81 5.9 37.8 16.14 5.7 39.7 – – –

Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c. ......................... 13.68 3.3 39.6 13.70 3.3 39.8 – – –

Supervisors, electricians and power

transmission installers ..................................... 20.68 19.4 40.0 20.68 19.4 40.0 – – –

Supervisors, plumbers, pipefitters, and

steamfitters ...................................................... 22.19 14.6 40.0 22.19 14.6 40.0 – – –

Supervisors, construction trades, n.e.c. ............. 16.08 7.1 39.9 16.08 7.1 39.9 – – –

Carpenters ......................................................... 16.49 5.7 39.4 16.50 5.7 39.5 – – –

Electricians ........................................................ 16.24 2.6 39.8 16.24 2.6 39.8 – – –

Electrical power installers and repairers ............ 20.26 4.9 40.0 20.26 4.9 40.0 – – –

Painters, construction and maintenance ............ 15.87 6.3 39.4 15.87 6.3 39.4 – – –

Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ............... 16.11 5.0 39.6 16.11 5.0 39.6 – – –

Plumber, pipefitter, and steamfitter apprentices 14.51 6.1 40.0 14.51 6.1 40.0 – – –

Concrete and terrazzo finishers ......................... 17.31 11.9 38.5 17.31 11.9 38.5 – – –

Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment

operators .......................................................... 12.71 2.7 40.0 12.71 2.7 40.0 – – –

Construction trades, n.e.c. ................................. 12.44 4.1 39.4 12.42 4.1 39.8 – – –

Supervisors, production ..................................... 16.74 7.2 40.0 16.74 7.2 40.0 – – –

Machinists .......................................................... 19.64 8.8 40.0 19.64 8.8 40.0 – – –

Inspectors, testers, and graders ........................ 18.21 5.0 39.7 18.22 5.0 39.8 – – –

Water and sewer treatment plant operators ...... 15.23 3.4 39.9 15.24 3.4 40.0 – – –

Power plant operators ........................................ 20.35 9.5 39.3 20.35 9.5 39.3 – – –

Stationary engineers .......................................... 17.22 4.9 39.4 17.22 4.9 39.4 – – –

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..... 12.89 6.1 38.3 12.99 6.2 39.5 9.52 7.3 19.1

See footnotes at end of table.
30

Table 2-3. State and local government, selected occupations: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours for full-time and part-time

workers,2 National Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors

–Continued

Printing press operators ..................................... $11.65 4.2 38.5 $11.69 4.3 39.9 – – –

Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators 8.77 6.1 37.2 8.70 6.4 39.4 – – –

Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food 14.76 3.6 39.1 14.76 3.6 39.1 – – –

Miscellaneous machine operators, n.e.c. .......... 14.28 14.2 38.3 14.31 14.3 39.0 – – –

Welders and cutters ........................................... 16.89 7.8 40.0 16.89 7.8 40.0 – – –

Transportation and material moving ......................... 12.93 1.7 33.6 13.27 2.0 38.5 $11.14 2.3 20.1

Supervisors, motor vehicle operators ................ 13.79 12.9 39.8 13.79 12.9 39.8 – – –

Truck drivers ...................................................... 12.59 3.5 39.1 12.66 3.5 39.9 9.82 14.2 21.3

Bus drivers ......................................................... 12.99 1.8 28.2 13.97 2.7 36.0 11.15 2.4 20.0

Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs .......................... 9.07 25.8 31.0 6.17 7.0 39.2 – – –

Motor transportation, n.e.c. ................................ 13.21 5.6 39.0 13.30 5.6 39.5 – – –

Locomotive operating ........................................ 19.27 4.0 40.0 19.27 4.0 40.0 – – –

Supervisors, material moving equipment ........... 14.47 10.9 39.3 14.47 10.9 39.3 – – –

Operating engineers .......................................... 12.92 7.7 40.0 12.92 7.7 40.0 – – –

Excavating and loading machine operators ....... 12.60 9.3 39.8 12.60 9.3 39.8 – – –

Grader, dozer, and scrapper operators ............. 12.04 8.6 39.9 12.04 8.6 39.9 – – –

Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators 11.37 3.8 40.0 11.37 3.8 40.0 – – –

Miscellaneous material moving equipment

operators, n.e.c. ............................................... 12.90 4.8 38.4 12.96 4.8 39.3 – – –

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ....................................................................... 11.37 2.1 38.3 11.60 2.2 39.8 7.68 3.7 23.5

Supervisors, agriculture-related workers ........... 16.49 4.0 39.8 16.55 4.0 40.1 – – –

Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm ... 11.03 3.1 37.4 11.45 3.4 39.7 7.49 4.5 24.9

Animal caretakers, except farm ......................... 10.38 10.7 39.4 10.38 10.7 39.5 – – –

Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and

laborers, n.e.c. ................................................. 15.28 4.4 39.6 15.28 4.4 39.6 – – –

Helpers, mechanics and repairers ..................... 12.05 9.3 38.0 12.16 9.6 39.5 – – –

Helpers, construction trades .............................. 11.25 7.8 40.0 11.26 7.8 40.0 – – –

Construction laborers ......................................... 10.70 4.4 39.2 10.85 4.5 39.9 7.58 2.1 29.0

Production helpers ............................................. 9.42 8.6 26.6 9.53 15.9 40.0 – – –

Garbage collectors ............................................. 13.46 12.4 39.4 13.60 12.2 39.6 – – –

Stock handlers and baggers .............................. 10.91 5.2 38.6 11.02 5.2 39.9 – – –

Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c. ...... 10.69 11.5 40.0 10.69 11.5 40.0 – – –

Garage and service station related .................... 12.31 8.3 34.7 11.55 6.3 39.1 – – –

Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners ......... 11.40 8.8 39.7 11.40 8.8 39.7 – – –

Laborers, except construction, n.e.c. ................. 10.35 2.7 38.1 10.56 2.8 40.0 7.05 6.8 21.4

Service .............................................................................. 13.26 1.3 36.6 13.76 1.4 40.1 8.25 1.4 19.4

Protective service .................................................. 16.53 1.9 39.7 16.76 1.9 41.3 9.21 5.2 17.4

Supervisors, firefighters and fire prevention ...... 19.50 3.4 49.0 19.50 3.4 49.1 – – –

Supervisors, police and detectives .................... 23.01 3.0 40.2 23.01 3.0 40.2 – – –

Supervisors, guards ........................................... 18.74 10.4 37.7 19.33 10.0 39.1 – – –

Fire inspection and fire prevention ..................... 18.58 4.7 36.7 18.91 4.7 41.5 – – –

Firefighting ......................................................... 14.28 2.6 44.4 14.51 2.4 48.6 6.47 14.7 11.1

Police and detectives, public service ................. 18.71 1.5 39.6 18.79 1.5 40.0 10.59 22.1 20.9

Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement

officers ............................................................. 15.40 2.5 38.8 15.53 2.5 39.8 11.77 8.8 22.3

Correctional institution officers ........................... 13.96 4.0 39.8 13.97 4.1 39.9 – – –

Crossing guards ................................................. 8.49 4.4 16.9 – – – 8.23 4.4 16.6

Guards and police, except public service .......... 11.97 3.3 34.1 12.34 3.4 38.6 9.75 8.2 19.8

Protective service, n.e.c. .................................... 12.45 4.8 32.1 13.34 5.3 39.7 9.29 8.7 19.1

Food service .......................................................... 8.74 1.4 29.5 9.11 2.0 36.5 7.86 1.8 20.2

Supervisors, food preparation and service ........ 11.48 3.0 37.4 11.54 3.0 38.1 – – –

Cooks ................................................................. 9.14 2.8 32.4 9.43 3.1 36.0 8.16 4.2 24.1

Food counter, fountain, and related ................... 7.70 5.0 25.5 7.84 7.1 37.2 7.47 4.3 17.1

Kitchen workers, food preparation ..................... 7.85 2.7 29.6 7.89 3.6 37.4 7.76 4.5 20.4

Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ......................... 9.65 10.7 22.5 – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
31

Table 2-3. State and local government, selected occupations: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours for full-time and part-time

workers,2 National Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Service –Continued

Food service –Continued

Food preparation, n.e.c. ..................................... $8.24 1.7 27.2 $8.49 2.4 35.6 $7.84 2.8 19.7

Health service ........................................................ 10.18 1.8 36.8 10.27 2.0 39.4 9.08 2.3 20.6

Dental assistants ............................................... 9.44 8.0 36.5 9.47 8.5 40.0 – – –

Health aides, except nursing ............................. 10.79 2.9 37.2 10.85 3.1 39.4 10.09 3.5 22.9

Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ............ 9.93 2.4 36.6 10.04 2.6 39.5 8.64 5.0 19.8

Cleaning and building service ................................ 10.41 1.3 38.2 10.51 1.3 39.6 8.12 3.6 21.5

Supervisors, cleaning and building service

workers ............................................................ 14.69 3.9 39.6 14.72 5.0 39.8 – – –

Maids and housemen ........................................ 7.67 6.5 37.9 7.57 6.6 39.7 10.06 9.6 17.3

Janitors and cleaners ......................................... 10.10 1.3 38.1 10.20 1.4 39.6 8.11 3.8 21.6

Pest control ........................................................ 10.21 18.8 36.2 11.12 15.5 40.0 – – –

Personal service .................................................... 9.11 2.0 28.1 9.73 2.8 37.5 7.93 2.2 19.1

Supervisors, personal service ............................ 14.67 6.1 35.3 15.00 5.9 39.0 – – –

Attendants, amusement, and recreation

facilities ............................................................ 7.14 3.4 25.1 7.84 7.2 40.0 6.75 2.8 20.7

Guides ............................................................... 12.49 27.4 24.3 – – – 6.87 3.0 17.6

Public transportation attendants ........................ 14.53 10.1 35.3 16.29 6.9 39.8 9.27 6.6 26.4

Welfare service aides ........................................ 9.07 5.9 33.4 9.13 6.8 38.4 8.68 9.4 17.8

Early childhood teachers’ assistants .................. 8.33 2.5 30.9 8.51 2.7 36.6 7.78 4.1 21.0

Child care workers, n.e.c. .................................. 9.21 3.8 23.3 9.85 8.0 36.6 8.72 3.6 18.2

Service, n.e.c. .................................................... 10.14 3.2 27.9 10.89 3.0 38.1 7.87 3.8 15.4

1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They

include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium

pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is

computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,

weighted by hours. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as

working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each

establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered

a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where

a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 This survey covers the 48 contiguous States. Collection was conducted between

October 1996 and July 1998. The average reference period was August 1997. 4 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all

workers in the civilian economy. For more information, see appendix B. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the

estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For

more information about RSEs, see appendix A.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication

criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may

include data for categories not shown separately. 
Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

All .......................................................................................... $15.09 0.6 36.5 $14.39 0.7 36.4 $17.82 0.7 36.5

All excluding sales ......................................................... 15.26 .6 36.7 14.54 .7 36.8 17.84 .7 36.5

White collar ...................................................................... 18.59 .6 36.7 18.08 .8 36.8 20.08 .8 36.4

 1 ................................................................... 6.52 .8 27.0 6.47 .8 26.9 7.03 2.6 27.8

 2 ................................................................... 8.08 1.0 31.6 8.04 1.1 31.5 8.29 1.2 32.4

 3 ................................................................... 8.89 1.2 34.1 8.76 1.4 34.0 9.60 1.3 34.6

 4 ................................................................... 10.88 .7 36.9 10.86 .8 36.9 10.96 1.0 36.9

 5 ................................................................... 13.08 .6 37.4 13.17 .6 37.9 12.80 1.0 35.6

 6 ................................................................... 14.90 .7 37.9 14.87 .6 38.4 14.98 2.0 36.6

 7 ................................................................... 17.92 .7 37.8 17.47 .7 38.0 18.90 1.2 37.2

 8 ................................................................... 20.24 .7 37.4 19.20 .7 37.8 22.11 1.6 36.9

 9 ................................................................... 23.93 .6 37.3 22.48 .6 38.1 26.14 1.2 36.2

10 ................................................................... 25.81 1.2 38.8 26.21 1.1 39.3 24.73 2.7 37.5

11 ................................................................... 29.55 .8 39.3 30.23 .8 39.6 27.37 1.5 38.3

12 ................................................................... 35.28 1.0 39.9 35.73 1.1 40.5 33.15 2.1 37.5

13 ................................................................... 43.74 2.1 39.8 46.43 1.7 39.8 36.55 3.9 39.6

14 ................................................................... 53.73 1.9 40.7 55.56 1.9 40.8 43.89 5.0 40.3

15 ................................................................... 63.42 6.3 41.1 73.83 5.1 41.1 46.81 9.1 41.0

Not able to be leveled .................................... 25.81 3.2 35.7 26.95 4.1 36.3 23.01 3.7 34.2

White collar excluding sales ...................................... 19.43 .6 37.3 19.15 .7 37.6 20.13 .8 36.4

 1 ................................................................... 6.97 1.6 29.4 6.94 1.9 29.6 7.08 2.8 28.2

 2 ................................................................... 8.44 1.1 33.9 8.49 1.3 34.3 8.29 1.2 32.5

 3 ................................................................... 9.32 .7 35.5 9.24 .7 35.7 9.58 1.3 34.7

 4 ................................................................... 11.03 .7 37.5 11.05 .8 37.6 10.95 1.0 36.9

 5 ................................................................... 12.99 .5 37.2 13.06 .6 37.8 12.80 1.0 35.6

 6 ................................................................... 14.75 .7 37.7 14.66 .6 38.1 14.98 2.0 36.6

 7 ................................................................... 17.81 .6 37.6 17.26 .6 37.8 18.91 1.3 37.2

 8 ................................................................... 20.15 .8 37.2 18.89 .6 37.4 22.11 1.6 36.9

 9 ................................................................... 23.84 .6 37.2 22.26 .6 37.9 26.14 1.2 36.2

10 ................................................................... 25.65 1.2 38.7 26.01 1.1 39.2 24.74 2.7 37.5

11 ................................................................... 29.12 .7 39.1 29.72 .7 39.4 27.38 1.5 38.3

12 ................................................................... 34.88 .8 39.9 35.25 .9 40.5 33.15 2.1 37.5

13 ................................................................... 43.23 1.8 39.8 45.76 1.2 39.8 36.55 3.9 39.6

14 ................................................................... 53.55 1.9 40.7 55.36 1.9 40.8 43.89 5.0 40.3

15 ................................................................... 63.42 6.3 41.1 73.83 5.1 41.1 46.81 9.1 41.0

Not able to be leveled .................................... 26.04 3.3 35.7 27.35 4.2 36.3 23.01 3.7 34.2

Professional specialty and technical ......................... 22.89 .6 36.3 22.30 .7 36.6 23.84 .8 35.9

Professional specialty ................................................ 24.70 .6 36.2 24.49 .7 36.6 24.97 .8 35.7

 2 ................................................................... 5.90 5.1 11.9 – – – 5.94 6.1 9.1

 3 ................................................................... 6.70 4.5 14.2 6.69 6.6 28.0 6.70 5.9 8.9

 4 ................................................................... 9.67 3.4 21.1 10.27 4.7 22.0 8.00 4.4 19.0

 5 ................................................................... 13.09 1.6 32.3 13.48 2.1 35.0 12.50 3.1 29.0

 6 ................................................................... 16.61 2.4 34.5 14.95 1.9 35.6 18.68 4.3 33.2

 7 ................................................................... 19.36 .9 35.8 18.02 .9 35.3 20.68 1.5 36.4

 8 ................................................................... 21.54 1.1 35.7 19.35 .9 34.9 23.52 1.7 36.4

 9 ................................................................... 24.76 .8 35.9 21.98 .7 36.2 27.22 1.2 35.6

10 ................................................................... 25.14 1.3 37.7 25.29 1.1 38.3 24.86 3.0 36.3

11 ................................................................... 28.32 .7 38.6 29.00 .8 39.0 26.46 1.8 37.3

12 ................................................................... 34.53 1.1 38.9 34.86 1.0 39.9 33.26 3.3 35.5

13 ................................................................... 41.24 2.3 39.2 44.46 2.2 39.0 35.72 3.3 39.6

14 ................................................................... 49.15 3.1 39.8 51.25 2.7 39.2 42.97 7.7 41.7

15 ................................................................... 50.44 6.3 41.0 58.40 5.3 41.0 46.67 9.2 41.0

Not able to be leveled .................................... 25.80 3.7 34.2 26.26 5.0 33.5 24.83 4.7 35.9

Engineers, architects, and surveyors ..................... 27.76 .8 40.3 28.09 .9 40.4 24.50 2.1 39.8

 5 ................................................................... 17.00 3.2 40.2 17.29 3.0 40.3 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 18.56 2.2 40.0 18.36 2.4 40.2 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 20.83 2.3 40.0 20.99 2.5 40.0 19.12 4.3 39.5

 8 ................................................................... 21.50 2.0 40.3 21.49 2.2 40.5 21.61 5.5 38.1

 9 ................................................................... 23.28 1.1 40.3 23.41 1.3 40.4 22.45 2.3 39.5

10 ................................................................... 26.45 1.3 40.5 26.78 1.2 40.3 23.88 4.2 42.0

11 ................................................................... 29.46 .9 40.4 29.65 .9 40.6 27.67 2.9 39.1

12 ................................................................... 34.17 1.4 40.3 34.30 1.4 40.3 30.74 5.3 39.2

See footnotes at end of table.

32
Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Professional specialty –Continued

Engineers, architects, and surveyors –Continued

13 ................................................................... $40.27 1.4 40.3 $40.27 1.4 40.4 – – –

14 ................................................................... 44.77 1.7 39.6 44.85 1.7 39.6 – – –

15 ................................................................... 41.26 6.6 47.2 46.33 2.9 41.1 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 28.74 3.9 39.4 28.93 4.2 39.4 – – –

Architects ........................................................... 23.93 6.6 39.9 23.29 9.3 40.2 $25.49 4.9 39.1

 8 ................................................................... 19.03 6.4 40.0 – – – – – –

 9 ................................................................... 23.03 5.6 39.4 21.78 7.6 39.8 24.17 6.2 39.1

10 ................................................................... 26.23 6.1 35.9 26.74 6.1 35.7 – – –

11 ................................................................... 29.63 4.2 38.9 29.92 4.4 38.8 – – –

12 ................................................................... 30.54 10.3 41.8 – – – – – –

Aerospace engineers ......................................... 30.44 3.8 40.0 30.44 3.8 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 20.19 5.8 40.0 20.19 5.8 40.0 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 23.65 2.7 40.0 23.65 2.7 40.0 – – –

10 ................................................................... 26.52 3.2 40.0 26.52 3.2 40.0 – – –

11 ................................................................... 28.77 2.2 40.2 28.77 2.2 40.2 – – –

12 ................................................................... 31.66 2.8 40.0 31.66 2.8 40.0 – – –

13 ................................................................... 39.38 3.8 40.0 39.38 3.8 40.0 – – –

Metallurgical and materials engineers ............... 26.51 4.8 40.2 28.19 3.4 40.4 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 28.02 9.6 40.0 28.02 9.6 40.0 – – –

10 ................................................................... 24.38 3.6 40.0 26.95 5.4 40.0 – – –

11 ................................................................... 29.85 3.0 41.0 29.85 3.0 41.0 – – –

Mining engineers ............................................... 29.69 5.0 32.6 29.69 5.0 32.6 – – –

Petroleum engineers .......................................... 35.44 6.4 40.8 38.24 6.4 40.9 – – –

11 ................................................................... 30.45 9.4 42.7 30.45 9.4 42.7 – – –

12 ................................................................... 44.19 8.7 40.5 44.19 8.7 40.5 – – –

13 ................................................................... 44.79 6.8 41.0 44.79 6.8 41.0 – – –

Chemical engineers ........................................... 30.65 2.9 39.9 30.66 2.9 39.9 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 23.13 6.7 40.0 23.13 6.7 40.0 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 22.35 5.0 40.0 22.35 5.0 40.0 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 25.37 2.1 39.4 25.37 2.1 39.4 – – –

11 ................................................................... 31.96 2.6 40.3 31.96 2.6 40.3 – – –

12 ................................................................... 37.47 5.0 39.9 37.47 5.0 39.9 – – –

13 ................................................................... 38.14 2.0 38.9 38.14 2.0 38.9 – – –

Nuclear engineers .............................................. 34.16 3.4 40.5 34.49 3.4 40.5 – – –

11 ................................................................... 34.23 4.3 40.6 34.23 4.3 40.6 – – –

12 ................................................................... 38.67 9.2 40.8 38.67 9.2 40.8 – – –

13 ................................................................... 36.33 1.7 40.0 36.33 1.7 40.0 – – –

Civil engineers ................................................... 26.17 2.0 40.1 26.97 3.0 40.9 25.18 2.4 39.3

 5 ................................................................... 16.33 4.7 40.1 16.09 5.5 40.9 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 18.90 4.6 39.2 17.46 4.4 40.5 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 19.43 3.2 39.8 18.47 5.7 40.4 20.24 3.7 39.4

 8 ................................................................... 20.72 4.8 40.7 19.49 5.8 41.3 22.70 6.7 39.6

 9 ................................................................... 22.49 2.7 40.1 22.27 4.3 40.9 22.67 3.4 39.5

10 ................................................................... 26.78 2.9 40.0 26.46 4.1 40.4 26.96 3.9 39.8

11 ................................................................... 27.81 1.9 40.2 26.80 1.9 41.2 28.94 3.2 39.0

12 ................................................................... 32.92 5.1 40.7 33.86 5.9 41.4 30.43 9.2 39.0

13 ................................................................... 40.25 2.9 40.4 40.35 3.4 40.6 – – –

14 ................................................................... 43.05 3.4 40.0 43.05 3.4 40.0 – – –

Electrical and electronic engineers .................... 29.24 1.1 40.3 29.38 1.2 40.3 25.29 4.7 40.0

 5 ................................................................... 18.44 4.0 39.5 18.44 4.0 39.5 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 17.99 5.7 40.6 17.99 5.7 40.6 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 22.49 2.9 40.1 22.30 2.7 40.1 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 24.18 4.7 40.2 23.94 4.9 40.2 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 25.19 1.7 40.3 25.19 1.7 40.3 – – –

10 ................................................................... 27.83 2.1 40.7 27.93 2.1 40.7 – – –

11 ................................................................... 29.95 2.0 40.4 30.45 1.5 40.4 – – –

12 ................................................................... 34.70 1.8 40.2 34.72 1.8 40.2 – – –

13 ................................................................... 42.14 3.3 40.6 42.14 3.3 40.6 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.

33
Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Professional specialty –Continued

Engineers, architects, and surveyors –Continued

Electrical and electronic engineers –Continued

14 ................................................................... $48.56 4.7 38.1 $48.56 4.7 38.1 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 26.68 16.7 39.3 26.68 16.7 39.3 – – –

Industrial engineers ........................................... 24.49 3.4 40.5 24.54 3.4 40.6 $19.15 6.2 39.7

 5 ................................................................... 15.41 5.1 40.0 15.41 5.1 40.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 17.47 6.0 40.1 17.47 6.0 40.1 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 18.63 3.7 39.8 18.63 3.7 39.8 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 20.05 4.7 40.7 20.05 4.7 40.7 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 21.66 1.9 40.4 21.71 2.0 40.4 19.25 6.8 39.7

10 ................................................................... 25.18 3.3 41.2 25.27 3.3 41.2 – – –

11 ................................................................... 27.24 2.4 40.5 27.25 2.5 40.5 – – –

12 ................................................................... 33.07 6.6 40.9 33.07 6.6 40.9 – – –

13 ................................................................... 41.32 5.9 40.6 41.32 5.9 40.6 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 23.21 15.0 41.7 23.21 15.0 41.7 – – –

Mechanical engineers ........................................ 25.37 2.2 40.2 25.38 2.3 40.3 24.95 7.1 37.0

 5 ................................................................... 16.94 4.6 40.0 16.94 4.6 40.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 16.99 6.5 40.2 16.99 6.5 40.2 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 19.08 2.0 39.2 19.08 2.0 39.2 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 21.03 2.6 39.4 20.93 3.2 40.5 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 22.76 2.3 40.4 22.69 2.4 40.6 – – –

10 ................................................................... 24.43 3.0 39.4 24.25 3.0 39.5 – – –

11 ................................................................... 28.15 2.1 40.8 28.17 2.1 40.8 – – –

12 ................................................................... 31.08 2.8 40.4 31.04 2.9 40.4 – – –

13 ................................................................... 36.24 5.1 40.1 36.24 5.1 40.1 – – –

Engineers, n.e.c. ................................................ 29.00 1.1 40.4 29.42 1.1 40.3 24.30 6.0 41.3

 5 ................................................................... 17.71 6.0 40.2 18.88 3.6 40.2 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 19.90 2.0 40.0 19.90 2.0 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 21.77 3.7 40.5 21.95 3.7 40.5 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 22.32 3.1 40.4 22.69 3.1 40.4 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 23.97 1.7 40.4 24.33 1.8 40.6 21.95 2.6 39.8

10 ................................................................... 27.00 2.3 41.0 27.52 1.8 40.4 – – –

11 ................................................................... 30.01 1.5 40.3 30.21 1.6 40.5 27.93 1.6 38.5

12 ................................................................... 35.18 1.7 40.0 35.28 1.8 40.0 – – –

13 ................................................................... 39.80 2.9 40.2 39.80 2.9 40.2 – – –

14 ................................................................... 43.35 2.5 40.0 43.35 2.5 40.0 – – –

15 ................................................................... 40.13 6.7 48.1 – – – – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 29.99 3.1 39.7 30.15 3.2 39.7 – – –

Surveyors and mapping scientists ..................... 19.65 7.9 39.3 20.49 14.8 40.0 18.89 7.2 38.6

Mathematical and computer scientists ................... 26.96 1.5 39.9 27.56 1.5 39.9 20.85 2.7 39.6

 5 ................................................................... 16.17 2.8 40.1 16.46 2.8 40.1 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 17.21 3.0 39.6 17.72 3.0 39.6 15.26 2.0 39.4

 7 ................................................................... 19.28 2.1 39.9 19.71 2.3 39.9 17.60 2.6 39.9

 8 ................................................................... 21.07 2.4 40.0 21.31 2.5 40.3 18.87 4.3 37.6

 9 ................................................................... 24.12 1.6 39.8 24.48 1.7 39.8 20.98 2.1 39.7

10 ................................................................... 26.01 1.6 40.2 26.20 1.4 40.4 24.76 9.3 39.1

11 ................................................................... 29.20 1.8 40.0 29.57 1.8 39.9 23.72 5.0 40.4

12 ................................................................... 33.76 2.1 39.7 33.83 2.1 39.7 30.99 3.3 40.0

13 ................................................................... 38.82 5.6 40.4 38.82 5.6 40.4 – – –

14 ................................................................... 47.58 5.3 39.7 47.58 5.3 39.7 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 28.84 7.7 39.5 28.92 7.8 39.5 – – –

Computer systems analysts and scientists ........ 26.79 1.2 40.0 27.46 1.3 40.0 20.91 2.7 39.6

 5 ................................................................... 16.98 2.2 40.2 17.23 2.1 40.3 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 16.91 3.4 39.7 17.52 3.7 39.9 15.26 2.0 39.4

 7 ................................................................... 19.31 2.2 40.0 19.82 2.4 40.0 17.66 2.6 40.0

 8 ................................................................... 21.30 2.7 39.9 21.62 3.0 40.2 18.91 4.3 37.6

 9 ................................................................... 23.70 1.2 40.0 24.04 1.3 40.1 21.15 1.9 39.8

10 ................................................................... 26.06 1.7 40.2 26.29 1.5 40.4 24.68 9.6 39.0

11 ................................................................... 28.80 1.4 40.0 29.22 1.4 39.9 23.72 5.0 40.4

See footnotes at end of table.

34
Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Professional specialty –Continued

Mathematical and computer scientists –Continued

Computer systems analysts and scientists

–Continued

12 ................................................................... $33.82 2.3 39.7 $33.90 2.3 39.7 $30.43 2.9 40.0

13 ................................................................... 37.91 4.4 40.5 37.91 4.4 40.5 – – –

14 ................................................................... 45.63 4.8 39.7 45.63 4.8 39.7 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 29.95 10.8 39.4 29.95 10.8 39.4 – – –

Operations and systems researchers and

analysts ............................................................ 28.15 6.4 39.6 28.27 6.4 39.6 21.44 16.9 38.8

 5 ................................................................... 13.90 6.7 39.9 14.03 7.5 39.8 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 18.19 5.3 39.1 18.19 5.3 39.1 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 19.55 7.6 39.6 19.57 7.7 39.7 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 19.72 4.3 40.5 19.72 4.3 40.5 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 27.02 8.6 38.5 27.19 8.8 38.5 – – –

10 ................................................................... 25.26 4.3 40.3 25.13 4.4 40.3 – – –

11 ................................................................... 31.19 6.0 39.9 31.19 6.0 39.9 – – –

12 ................................................................... 33.17 4.4 40.1 33.06 4.5 40.2 – – –

13 ................................................................... 42.13 15.1 39.9 42.13 15.1 39.9 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 27.25 9.0 39.8 27.39 9.3 39.8 – – –

Actuaries ............................................................ 27.00 7.2 39.2 27.00 7.2 39.2 – – –

12 ................................................................... 32.93 5.9 38.4 32.93 5.9 38.4 – – –

Statisticians ........................................................ 24.22 5.5 37.6 25.05 4.6 37.6 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 24.55 6.6 36.8 24.55 6.6 36.8 – – –

Mathematical scientists, n.e.c. ........................... 22.67 14.8 38.8 26.26 11.4 38.3 – – –

Natural scientists ................................................... 24.31 2.1 40.0 26.66 2.5 39.7 19.62 3.5 40.7

 5 ................................................................... 14.03 4.2 40.3 14.56 5.1 40.8 13.57 6.7 39.8

 6 ................................................................... 14.38 5.7 37.8 14.45 6.7 37.4 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 18.47 3.2 39.6 18.18 3.5 39.6 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 17.88 4.5 39.8 20.01 5.7 40.2 16.11 6.5 39.4

 9 ................................................................... 20.55 2.9 39.6 20.19 4.2 40.2 20.99 3.2 38.9

10 ................................................................... 22.40 4.4 40.3 24.95 3.4 40.1 18.92 8.1 40.7

11 ................................................................... 26.30 3.7 40.4 28.48 2.2 40.0 21.05 9.6 41.5

12 ................................................................... 32.94 3.2 39.6 33.71 3.1 39.7 24.78 14.4 39.0

13 ................................................................... 34.25 6.7 40.5 39.10 3.6 39.0 – – –

14 ................................................................... 36.41 12.8 44.6 43.65 4.6 39.3 – – –

15 ................................................................... 49.44 7.5 40.6 49.44 7.5 40.6 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 26.32 10.4 35.7 27.88 10.8 34.9 – – –

Physicists and astronomers ............................... 37.31 10.4 40.8 41.90 6.9 41.1 – – –

12 ................................................................... 38.69 4.8 41.8 38.69 4.8 41.8 – – –

Chemists, except biochemists ........................... 27.44 3.7 40.4 27.95 4.1 39.9 24.18 5.3 43.6

 5 ................................................................... 14.02 7.3 42.5 14.02 7.3 42.5 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.41 4.5 40.0 15.41 4.5 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 18.14 4.9 37.1 18.19 5.1 37.0 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 20.20 4.6 40.0 20.24 4.7 40.0 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 22.42 3.3 39.9 21.29 3.9 39.9 24.59 2.5 40.0

10 ................................................................... 24.81 5.5 40.2 26.09 4.1 40.2 – – –

11 ................................................................... 29.75 2.7 40.2 29.85 2.8 40.2 – – –

12 ................................................................... 34.85 3.9 41.0 34.85 3.9 41.0 – – –

13 ................................................................... 35.33 10.5 44.9 41.28 2.8 39.7 – – –

14 ................................................................... 47.23 5.5 39.4 47.23 5.5 39.4 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 24.93 15.8 38.7 24.93 15.8 38.7 – – –

Atmospheric and space scientists ..................... 25.05 11.5 46.3 24.36 22.0 40.6 – – –

Geologists and geodesists ................................. 25.07 8.8 41.8 30.22 6.4 40.9 17.12 13.2 43.2

 7 ................................................................... 20.57 8.0 40.0 20.84 9.4 40.0 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 22.75 5.7 41.4 – – – – – –

10 ................................................................... 27.34 12.0 40.0 27.34 12.0 40.0 – – –

11 ................................................................... 18.38 16.5 45.1 27.67 7.3 42.2 – – –

12 ................................................................... 38.82 5.8 40.7 38.82 5.8 40.7 – – –

13 ................................................................... 44.09 9.7 40.1 49.04 4.9 40.2 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.

 35
Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Professional specialty –Continued

Natural scientists –Continued

Physical scientists, n.e.c. ................................... $26.30 3.0 39.8 $29.36 3.1 39.8 $19.93 5.6 39.8

 7 ................................................................... 20.22 7.2 39.2 21.28 7.4 39.0 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 17.48 13.4 39.8 – – – – – –

 9 ................................................................... 19.40 3.0 39.9 23.31 5.0 40.0 18.81 3.3 39.9

10 ................................................................... 21.51 7.5 40.0 25.03 3.4 39.8 – – –

11 ................................................................... 29.61 2.8 39.7 30.22 2.0 40.0 – – –

12 ................................................................... 34.09 6.4 39.9 34.19 6.4 39.8 – – –

13 ................................................................... 35.59 3.9 40.0 35.59 3.9 40.0 – – –

Agricultural and food scientists .......................... 21.93 6.0 40.3 24.29 7.4 40.5 18.26 4.5 40.0

Biological and life scientists ............................... 21.00 6.2 39.8 22.68 5.5 39.3 18.70 8.6 40.5

 7 ................................................................... 19.14 5.2 40.5 19.06 5.8 41.2 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 18.07 4.8 40.0 19.69 12.3 40.3 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 19.82 7.2 39.8 19.03 10.1 40.2 21.63 5.1 38.9

11 ................................................................... 22.88 8.1 40.3 25.22 4.0 39.7 – – –

12 ................................................................... 29.28 9.1 38.9 30.63 10.8 39.7 – – –

13 ................................................................... 34.04 12.0 40.0 37.99 5.4 40.0 – – –

14 ................................................................... 31.95 12.8 47.9 42.76 5.2 38.1 – – –

Forestry and conservation scientists ................. 17.14 6.2 40.2 – – – 17.88 11.8 39.9

Medical scientists ............................................... 21.43 5.8 38.5 23.15 7.3 38.1 19.13 7.1 39.0

 5 ................................................................... 11.78 11.0 40.1 13.51 12.4 40.2 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 18.36 6.7 40.0 15.93 4.0 40.0 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 19.06 6.4 37.9 18.73 7.0 39.9 19.46 11.0 35.8

10 ................................................................... 15.25 13.5 43.5 – – – – – –

11 ................................................................... 22.38 5.4 38.9 20.16 8.4 37.8 – – –

12 ................................................................... 27.47 7.8 37.1 28.64 6.7 36.6 – – –

13 ................................................................... 21.68 18.6 35.6 27.81 12.8 34.1 – – –

Health related ........................................................ 21.83 .8 34.0 21.98 .8 33.2 21.29 1.9 37.2

 4 ................................................................... 13.54 11.4 24.0 13.54 11.4 24.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 14.97 4.4 31.7 15.50 5.1 30.4 13.42 5.7 36.3

 6 ................................................................... 17.04 1.8 34.2 17.50 2.1 32.9 16.14 5.9 36.9

 7 ................................................................... 17.95 1.1 33.2 18.03 1.2 32.3 17.63 2.2 36.9

 8 ................................................................... 19.38 1.0 33.2 19.38 1.1 32.5 19.39 1.9 36.7

 9 ................................................................... 21.21 .8 33.9 21.08 1.0 33.3 21.64 1.5 36.1

10 ................................................................... 23.57 2.0 37.6 24.03 2.1 36.6 22.09 5.5 41.3

11 ................................................................... 25.81 2.3 36.4 26.53 2.2 35.5 23.48 5.6 39.3

12 ................................................................... 40.16 8.3 37.0 42.02 6.4 35.8 35.98 24.2 40.0

13 ................................................................... 53.32 5.1 35.9 67.34 5.3 33.6 35.82 18.3 39.3

14 ................................................................... 64.90 3.6 36.1 67.45 3.4 36.6 51.24 7.5 34.1

15 ................................................................... 76.67 13.5 37.3 – – – – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 28.00 8.3 37.4 30.34 9.7 35.7 19.46 11.2 45.6

Physicians .......................................................... 38.80 4.4 39.1 44.40 4.8 37.0 28.15 12.3 43.9

 7 ................................................................... 15.17 6.5 42.5 16.74 4.5 40.0 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 18.02 1.1 38.9 18.02 1.1 38.9 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 16.70 4.5 44.8 18.09 5.6 41.8 14.43 6.2 50.7

10 ................................................................... 15.87 4.2 46.3 17.60 4.0 42.8 12.69 6.5 54.6

11 ................................................................... 21.70 9.5 40.4 23.66 8.5 37.2 16.68 22.4 51.6

12 ................................................................... 48.95 13.2 37.4 56.53 8.2 35.1 38.18 33.1 41.3

13 ................................................................... 54.09 5.2 35.8 68.85 5.2 33.3 35.78 19.0 39.3

14 ................................................................... 64.90 3.6 36.1 67.45 3.4 36.6 51.24 7.5 34.1

15 ................................................................... 76.67 13.5 37.3 – – – – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 31.13 10.1 40.4 36.45 11.3 37.3 17.39 14.0 51.0

Dentists .............................................................. 37.45 8.6 31.8 38.48 8.4 32.1 – – –

Health diagnosing practitioners, n.e.c. ............... 24.01 13.7 35.9 20.80 8.6 35.2 – – –

Registered nurses .............................................. 20.11 .6 33.3 20.09 .7 32.7 20.17 1.1 36.4

 5 ................................................................... 16.97 6.0 30.6 17.16 6.9 29.5 16.02 3.9 37.2

 6 ................................................................... 18.03 1.8 34.3 18.16 2.4 32.8 17.70 2.2 38.3

 7 ................................................................... 18.12 1.3 32.9 18.22 1.4 32.1 17.73 2.9 36.8

 8 ................................................................... 19.32 1.2 33.0 19.39 1.3 32.3 18.99 2.1 36.4

See footnotes at end of table.

36
Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Professional specialty –Continued

Health related –Continued

Registered nurses –Continued

 9 ................................................................... $20.92 0.9 33.3 $20.78 1.1 32.7 $21.45 1.6 35.5

10 ................................................................... 25.84 2.2 36.1 25.70 2.6 35.9 26.54 4.0 37.3

11 ................................................................... 26.19 2.2 36.6 26.34 2.5 36.4 25.61 4.6 37.4

12 ................................................................... 30.86 4.1 37.5 30.75 5.2 36.9 31.06 6.4 38.6

Not able to be leveled .................................... 18.12 8.9 34.6 18.12 8.9 34.6 – – –

Pharmacists ....................................................... 26.20 1.3 34.8 26.75 1.3 34.1 24.02 5.1 38.2

 5 ................................................................... 15.90 23.3 19.9 16.06 27.1 19.9 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 23.25 8.4 33.3 23.26 7.8 30.8 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 25.06 1.8 32.8 25.15 1.8 32.7 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 25.84 1.6 36.8 26.45 1.8 36.3 22.74 2.8 39.8

10 ................................................................... 25.76 4.4 34.0 25.40 3.0 32.4 26.79 14.3 39.7

11 ................................................................... 26.81 1.9 34.9 28.43 2.1 34.0 23.03 7.8 37.3

12 ................................................................... 31.83 3.8 40.2 31.80 4.4 40.4 – – –

Dietitians ............................................................ 16.42 2.3 36.0 16.92 2.4 34.7 15.68 4.0 38.1

 5 ................................................................... 12.37 6.5 36.7 13.25 5.2 35.4 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 13.61 4.1 38.5 13.62 7.2 37.8 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.15 3.2 35.3 17.32 4.0 31.9 14.99 2.9 39.5

 8 ................................................................... 18.07 3.6 35.4 18.72 5.1 33.2 16.90 3.3 40.0

 9 ................................................................... 17.18 4.0 36.9 16.85 4.2 36.8 17.76 8.1 37.0

11 ................................................................... 17.55 5.0 40.0 – – – – – –

Respiratory therapists ........................................ 16.88 1.3 33.0 16.84 1.5 32.9 17.16 2.8 33.9

 5 ................................................................... 15.03 2.7 30.6 15.02 2.9 30.4 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.86 2.4 31.3 15.89 2.5 31.4 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.68 2.7 33.4 16.64 3.1 33.6 16.88 5.0 32.6

 8 ................................................................... 17.55 1.9 34.2 17.53 2.2 33.6 17.70 3.4 38.4

 9 ................................................................... 18.52 3.0 33.0 18.66 3.6 33.5 – – –

Occupational therapists ..................................... 21.67 4.4 35.0 21.34 5.5 34.6 22.84 6.4 36.6

 6 ................................................................... 17.17 9.3 38.9 – – – – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.52 4.1 33.9 17.98 4.9 31.9 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 19.76 3.8 36.5 19.27 5.4 35.5 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 23.49 5.6 33.9 22.54 6.5 34.0 26.92 8.7 33.6

10 ................................................................... 23.72 8.9 30.9 25.02 9.9 29.1 – – –

Physical therapists ............................................. 24.08 2.3 34.3 24.31 2.8 33.9 23.06 5.7 36.3

 6 ................................................................... 16.83 4.6 35.2 18.79 4.4 30.9 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 20.30 7.1 29.6 20.27 7.6 30.2 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 22.78 6.0 28.6 22.72 6.7 27.7 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 23.66 2.9 36.2 23.90 3.6 36.0 22.78 6.1 37.0

10 ................................................................... 27.59 4.8 35.9 26.55 4.3 35.7 – – –

11 ................................................................... 29.78 5.1 31.9 30.20 5.6 31.6 – – –

12 ................................................................... 29.32 5.9 29.3 29.27 6.2 29.6 – – –

Speech therapists .............................................. 22.83 2.7 34.0 22.02 2.8 32.1 23.40 8.7 35.5

 7 ................................................................... 22.46 9.9 34.9 18.03 11.6 37.1 25.28 8.5 33.6

 8 ................................................................... 22.96 4.2 35.6 20.80 2.8 33.5 23.92 7.6 36.7

 9 ................................................................... 23.76 5.1 34.5 20.98 5.7 34.1 25.51 7.3 34.7

10 ................................................................... 25.03 8.1 36.6 24.16 12.5 36.4 26.19 7.1 36.9

11 ................................................................... 25.20 5.8 32.7 23.54 6.0 29.4 – – –

Therapists, n.e.c. ............................................... 15.64 2.3 36.6 15.18 2.5 36.0 16.64 7.0 37.9

 5 ................................................................... 12.39 2.3 36.8 12.79 9.0 33.3 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.40 5.3 36.8 12.46 6.6 35.3 15.97 7.6 38.2

 7 ................................................................... 14.62 3.7 36.8 14.10 4.6 36.5 16.23 4.3 37.9

 8 ................................................................... 15.99 6.0 35.6 14.65 3.5 35.5 23.75 5.3 35.8

 9 ................................................................... 17.42 5.0 35.9 16.51 5.4 35.1 20.65 6.2 38.7

10 ................................................................... 19.05 13.2 39.5 18.64 17.2 39.6 – – –

11 ................................................................... 22.56 15.3 37.9 23.04 18.1 37.5 – – –

Physicians’ assistants ........................................ 23.28 6.1 34.6 24.49 5.5 36.2 18.26 21.2 29.3

 5 ................................................................... 10.46 3.6 32.1 10.31 3.3 33.4 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 22.82 13.4 31.8 – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.

37
Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Professional specialty –Continued

Health related –Continued

Physicians’ assistants –Continued

 9 ................................................................... $27.33 4.2 39.6 $27.48 4.4 39.7 – – –

10 ................................................................... 26.77 4.6 39.1 27.44 5.1 38.9 – – –

11 ................................................................... 30.35 3.9 28.9 30.35 3.9 28.9 – – –

Teachers, college and university ........................... 32.46 1.6 33.7 33.43 2.5 33.4 $32.06 2.0 33.8

 5 ................................................................... 13.11 5.2 27.3 – – – 13.03 5.6 27.1

 6 ................................................................... 13.55 10.0 21.7 14.75 12.9 30.0 12.54 13.6 17.6

 7 ................................................................... 20.37 5.5 26.6 18.59 8.0 25.4 21.69 6.1 27.5

 8 ................................................................... 23.97 4.6 27.1 21.11 6.7 28.6 24.86 6.1 26.7

 9 ................................................................... 25.07 3.2 27.4 21.88 6.7 32.3 26.12 3.6 26.1

10 ................................................................... 25.91 4.6 29.9 25.61 7.5 29.1 26.09 6.0 30.4

11 ................................................................... 29.25 2.4 36.1 31.20 4.2 35.6 28.15 2.5 36.3

12 ................................................................... 35.24 2.5 34.5 38.44 3.9 36.4 34.13 2.8 34.0

13 ................................................................... 37.57 4.1 38.9 43.76 3.0 35.9 36.05 4.5 39.7

14 ................................................................... 50.39 5.1 39.7 59.06 6.2 38.5 46.23 6.4 40.2

15 ................................................................... 54.04 3.2 40.3 – – – – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 36.04 7.6 37.7 36.64 9.8 33.0 35.72 10.3 40.7

Earth, environmental, and marine science

teachers ........................................................... 32.06 9.1 38.0 – – – 33.13 14.2 36.8

Biological science teachers ............................... 32.51 8.6 37.5 33.81 9.0 34.4 31.95 11.6 39.0

 8 ................................................................... 24.56 8.0 28.3 – – – – – –

 9 ................................................................... 27.02 8.7 36.2 – – – 27.87 11.1 35.4

10 ................................................................... 27.09 6.0 31.4 – – – – – –

11 ................................................................... 38.93 14.8 38.7 42.61 20.4 38.0 – – –

12 ................................................................... 36.69 7.3 34.0 36.61 13.4 32.3 36.77 7.2 35.6

13 ................................................................... 27.65 7.6 45.5 – – – 25.53 2.7 47.3

Chemistry teachers ............................................ 34.70 8.3 40.4 43.73 17.9 35.5 32.93 8.7 41.6

11 ................................................................... 38.99 20.8 39.4 – – – 31.50 9.3 40.0

12 ................................................................... 43.59 14.3 33.2 – – – – – –

13 ................................................................... 32.85 11.2 44.3 – – – – – –

Physics teachers ................................................ 40.36 13.5 37.0 49.93 10.1 35.1 33.10 14.8 38.5

Natural science teachers, n.e.c. ........................ 38.83 5.1 36.8 29.13 8.5 31.9 40.49 5.8 37.7

11 ................................................................... 31.31 3.0 38.3 – – – – – –

12 ................................................................... 43.40 10.4 38.4 – – – – – –

Psychology teachers .......................................... 29.89 6.7 35.3 32.10 12.3 34.1 28.30 8.7 36.2

 9 ................................................................... 18.65 9.1 21.7 – – – – – –

10 ................................................................... 25.57 9.7 32.9 – – – – – –

11 ................................................................... 28.43 6.5 37.9 30.39 7.9 37.0 – – –

12 ................................................................... 32.21 20.2 34.8 – – – – – –

13 ................................................................... 41.33 7.0 38.9 43.45 9.6 38.1 – – –

Economics teachers .......................................... 50.79 15.4 43.3 31.53 6.7 37.6 – – –

11 ................................................................... 27.26 6.7 37.4 27.26 6.7 37.4 – – –

History teachers ................................................. 30.81 5.7 32.3 26.51 9.3 29.9 34.61 7.5 34.7

 9 ................................................................... 22.67 2.7 23.0 – – – – – –

12 ................................................................... 30.82 8.1 39.4 – – – – – –

Political science teachers .................................. 33.67 8.5 36.2 35.81 10.9 34.8 31.51 10.4 37.8

12 ................................................................... 35.91 13.8 34.4 35.06 14.7 34.0 – – –

Sociology teachers ............................................ 32.31 10.6 34.9 32.76 11.8 23.4 32.26 11.9 37.1

12 ................................................................... 28.90 9.8 39.1 – – – – – –

Social science teachers, n.e.c. .......................... 32.84 8.0 37.4 38.45 10.4 32.4 31.69 7.6 38.6

 9 ................................................................... 31.17 6.4 33.0 – – – – – –

11 ................................................................... 26.77 4.5 34.0 – – – – – –

12 ................................................................... 46.17 8.6 35.6 – – – – – –

13 ................................................................... 31.65 10.8 39.9 46.52 8.8 32.7 – – –

Engineering teachers ......................................... 33.26 9.6 40.1 33.07 10.5 33.0 33.32 12.2 42.9

 9 ................................................................... 22.23 15.4 36.6 22.61 18.9 36.6 – – –

11 ................................................................... 28.03 23.9 38.1 37.78 5.0 34.7 – – –

12 ................................................................... 39.60 19.3 27.7 – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.

38
Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Professional specialty –Continued

Teachers, college and university –Continued

Engineering teachers –Continued

13 ................................................................... $31.65 11.9 45.5 – – – – – –

Mathematical science teachers ......................... 32.49 5.2 31.7 $34.60 11.1 33.0 $31.80 5.0 31.3

 8 ................................................................... 20.39 11.2 30.5 – – – 20.68 12.6 29.6

 9 ................................................................... 24.00 6.6 34.3 – – – 24.36 7.5 35.4

10 ................................................................... 30.82 8.1 21.5 24.19 2.5 25.9 34.40 7.4 19.7

11 ................................................................... 32.98 9.6 35.8 – – – 33.55 13.4 35.9

12 ................................................................... 45.67 9.6 25.4 – – – – – –

13 ................................................................... 36.77 7.8 40.2 42.47 15.6 38.8 – – –

Computer science teachers ............................... 26.49 11.0 29.8 26.85 13.6 27.9 26.45 12.2 30.0

 8 ................................................................... 20.70 10.8 25.6 – – – 21.09 11.5 25.8

 9 ................................................................... 24.52 4.2 17.7 – – – 24.57 4.3 17.6

10 ................................................................... 24.95 7.8 33.1 21.14 5.0 30.4 – – –

11 ................................................................... 22.00 9.4 35.1 – – – – – –

Medical science teachers .................................. 39.76 5.1 36.6 42.86 8.4 37.6 37.50 5.8 35.9

 9 ................................................................... 24.84 2.7 16.1 – – – 25.10 3.0 15.1

10 ................................................................... 30.27 22.4 35.3 – – – – – –

11 ................................................................... 38.35 13.6 35.3 41.90 12.1 36.2 – – –

12 ................................................................... 29.31 10.1 41.2 – – – 28.92 10.7 41.6

13 ................................................................... 41.26 5.1 38.0 42.55 4.9 41.2 40.45 7.5 36.1

14 ................................................................... 49.47 10.0 43.3 56.79 4.8 39.8 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 36.65 9.8 48.7 – – – 36.23 10.2 50.2

Health specialities teachers ............................... 30.90 3.9 35.2 30.58 7.1 39.2 31.10 4.6 33.0

 7 ................................................................... 13.20 9.0 22.9 – – – – – –

 8 ................................................................... 23.42 7.4 33.3 – – – 25.76 9.4 29.4

 9 ................................................................... 20.96 4.9 30.5 – – – 21.48 5.1 30.0

10 ................................................................... 28.94 6.5 30.2 – – – 29.99 6.2 29.1

11 ................................................................... 30.57 5.6 37.3 27.32 5.5 35.8 32.75 6.9 38.4

12 ................................................................... 48.68 24.9 37.4 31.82 7.3 39.7 57.59 24.7 36.2

13 ................................................................... 43.20 6.4 50.2 – – – – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 27.25 5.9 37.1 29.08 11.5 34.5 – – –

Business, commerce, and marketing teachers .. 32.56 6.3 33.8 34.01 7.2 30.4 31.66 9.1 36.3

 7 ................................................................... 12.75 3.5 19.5 12.75 3.5 19.5 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 27.12 7.3 29.7 28.86 6.5 33.9 24.88 11.7 25.7

10 ................................................................... 23.57 9.2 22.7 21.19 8.6 24.5 29.89 5.2 19.0

11 ................................................................... 28.47 6.0 39.8 36.44 12.3 34.5 27.00 5.0 41.0

12 ................................................................... 39.89 8.4 34.7 39.86 11.3 35.7 39.95 10.3 32.8

13 ................................................................... 44.06 12.9 39.8 55.69 17.2 37.5 – – –

Agriculture and forestry teachers ....................... 41.94 24.8 35.2 – – – 41.94 24.8 35.2

Art, drama, and music teachers ......................... 28.63 3.5 32.4 27.78 5.8 30.0 29.31 4.3 34.7

 8 ................................................................... 17.79 4.7 28.0 18.19 8.7 31.0 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 24.39 9.2 32.0 25.67 10.9 29.5 23.75 11.8 33.3

10 ................................................................... 25.90 11.0 23.6 23.04 5.6 25.2 29.42 17.4 21.8

11 ................................................................... 27.39 4.6 34.2 24.60 4.9 32.7 – – –

12 ................................................................... 30.90 8.2 40.9 33.69 6.6 38.1 – – –

13 ................................................................... 40.47 5.2 39.5 – – – – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 26.57 15.7 22.4 26.57 15.7 22.4 – – –

Physical education teachers .............................. 25.60 12.4 32.6 25.40 5.9 37.2 25.77 22.0 29.6

11 ................................................................... 25.22 6.7 37.1 25.83 7.0 38.6 – – –

Education teachers ............................................ 29.81 9.8 34.9 26.10 18.8 32.4 33.10 7.4 37.6

 8 ................................................................... 21.33 9.8 26.7 – – – – – –

10 ................................................................... 24.93 8.0 16.5 – – – – – –

11 ................................................................... 25.97 3.7 38.4 25.34 4.2 38.4 – – –

12 ................................................................... 38.75 11.9 34.4 – – – 32.84 13.3 33.7

English teachers ................................................ 31.01 4.6 32.9 25.82 7.8 31.3 33.29 4.8 33.7

 7 ................................................................... 14.69 5.7 21.0 14.69 5.7 21.0 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 25.58 12.5 25.5 – – – 28.91 9.6 22.9

 9 ................................................................... 23.15 5.9 29.9 21.78 9.2 35.7 25.81 6.7 22.8

See footnotes at end of table.

39
Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Professional specialty –Continued

Teachers, college and university –Continued

English teachers –Continued

10 ................................................................... $25.87 4.1 29.6 $22.79 4.2 28.6 $28.26 4.5 30.5

11 ................................................................... 29.50 5.7 35.3 29.30 9.0 31.5 29.59 7.3 37.4

12 ................................................................... 30.00 6.0 37.6 39.43 14.3 37.4 28.62 6.2 37.6

Foreign language teachers ................................ 24.76 12.0 33.0 29.90 7.1 32.6 20.06 16.7 33.3

 8 ................................................................... 17.41 6.2 20.3 – – – – – –

 9 ................................................................... 23.22 5.7 23.2 18.52 9.5 20.1 24.71 8.1 24.3

10 ................................................................... 17.53 18.5 42.7 – – – – – –

11 ................................................................... 27.96 10.4 35.3 27.68 12.6 40.3 – – –

12 ................................................................... 44.08 8.2 36.5 45.59 10.2 37.1 – – –

Law teachers ..................................................... 56.07 10.5 34.1 60.87 11.5 36.1 – – –

13 ................................................................... 64.04 8.4 34.4 64.04 8.4 34.4 – – –

Social work teachers .......................................... 28.88 4.3 31.2 29.80 3.8 32.2 – – –

Theology teachers ............................................. 38.63 8.6 36.8 34.23 11.6 37.1 – – –

10 ................................................................... 29.51 12.5 27.0 – – – – – –

11 ................................................................... 27.09 6.1 39.0 27.09 6.1 39.0 – – –

12 ................................................................... 32.67 3.3 37.9 – – – – – –

Trade and industrial teachers ............................ 24.59 3.9 34.3 17.10 15.3 34.6 25.84 1.7 34.2

 7 ................................................................... 24.17 5.1 33.6 – – – 24.50 4.4 33.4

 8 ................................................................... 23.38 9.6 21.2 – – – 24.53 9.9 21.9

 9 ................................................................... 25.59 2.0 35.7 23.12 6.0 32.6 25.79 2.1 36.0

11 ................................................................... 26.05 6.8 33.0 – – – – – –

Teachers, post secondary, subject not specified 30.95 7.5 31.9 27.76 5.6 31.2 31.76 9.2 32.1

 7 ................................................................... 24.32 5.2 30.6 – – – – – –

 8 ................................................................... 15.71 2.3 38.7 – – – 15.68 2.2 39.1

 9 ................................................................... 23.52 5.1 20.5 26.07 9.8 25.1 22.79 5.3 19.4

10 ................................................................... 27.79 4.8 33.9 33.45 7.2 25.0 27.03 4.5 35.6

11 ................................................................... 28.22 5.5 37.3 28.06 4.1 38.6 28.49 13.1 35.4

12 ................................................................... 32.42 6.6 32.4 33.28 4.2 37.0 32.25 8.0 31.7

13 ................................................................... 34.61 5.4 33.3 – – – 34.11 5.8 33.4

Teachers, post secondary, n.e.c. ....................... 31.10 3.0 31.3 33.18 6.2 32.5 30.56 3.3 31.0

 5 ................................................................... 13.25 5.5 27.9 – – – 13.06 5.8 27.9

 6 ................................................................... 14.03 5.3 19.7 – – – 14.02 5.9 20.3

 7 ................................................................... 21.07 5.4 28.6 – – – 18.76 7.0 21.5

 8 ................................................................... 21.33 4.1 26.7 19.58 7.5 26.5 21.78 5.0 26.8

 9 ................................................................... 28.54 5.0 24.1 21.68 5.3 23.5 29.27 5.0 24.2

10 ................................................................... 25.86 9.1 30.7 26.97 16.8 31.7 24.97 7.5 29.9

11 ................................................................... 27.97 2.2 34.0 26.25 2.8 30.5 28.23 2.5 34.7

12 ................................................................... 33.64 5.1 31.7 37.37 9.1 36.9 33.22 5.3 31.2

13 ................................................................... 39.74 8.0 35.3 42.91 7.7 32.2 39.06 9.4 36.1

14 ................................................................... 55.54 8.0 34.9 64.25 14.8 34.5 50.50 5.6 35.1

Not able to be leveled .................................... 34.81 16.4 37.2 43.46 10.2 39.5 24.06 23.9 34.7

Teachers, except college and university ................ 25.62 .9 34.4 16.28 2.1 31.0 26.49 1.0 34.8

 2 ................................................................... 5.71 6.6 7.3 – – – 5.68 7.3 8.5

 3 ................................................................... 6.77 5.2 9.2 7.08 6.1 11.9 6.72 6.0 8.9

 4 ................................................................... 8.07 3.3 15.3 8.06 4.0 14.3 8.08 6.2 16.9

 5 ................................................................... 11.60 5.8 24.3 10.27 7.2 30.3 12.52 7.6 21.4

 6 ................................................................... 20.61 6.0 29.8 11.60 3.2 31.4 24.34 5.6 29.1

 7 ................................................................... 22.14 2.1 35.8 16.46 4.9 33.3 22.64 2.3 36.0

 8 ................................................................... 24.98 2.0 36.3 17.34 5.1 34.3 25.49 2.1 36.4

 9 ................................................................... 29.08 1.4 35.3 21.21 2.4 33.5 29.46 1.5 35.4

10 ................................................................... 29.48 3.3 34.1 25.18 5.5 30.4 29.95 3.4 34.5

11 ................................................................... 29.27 5.5 36.7 27.02 6.5 35.8 29.49 6.0 36.8

12 ................................................................... 34.71 7.2 33.3 28.79 9.1 39.5 36.46 6.2 31.8

Not able to be leveled .................................... 18.40 11.5 22.8 16.45 14.3 12.0 18.98 13.7 31.1

Prekindergarten and kindergarten ..................... 19.31 3.9 34.8 10.66 7.3 34.6 24.25 4.1 35.0

 5 ................................................................... 8.58 7.1 33.3 8.30 7.8 32.7 10.00 7.8 37.1

 6 ................................................................... 12.25 10.8 34.3 9.78 6.5 33.8 20.09 15.4 36.2

See footnotes at end of table.

40
41

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Professional specialty –Continued

Teachers, except college and university

–Continued

Prekindergarten and kindergarten –Continued

 7 ................................................................... $18.92 9.5 37.5 $12.39 2.8 36.2 $21.61 11.1 38.1

 8 ................................................................... 22.64 7.5 36.1 12.76 17.9 36.9 24.53 6.2 36.0

 9 ................................................................... 26.39 3.7 32.9 – – – 27.27 4.0 32.4

Elementary school teachers .............................. 26.38 1.1 36.3 18.84 3.0 35.4 26.71 1.1 36.3

 5 ................................................................... 17.63 14.2 30.6 11.37 10.1 35.2 20.75 13.4 28.7

 6 ................................................................... 27.96 5.9 34.3 15.32 6.2 35.7 28.37 5.9 34.3

 7 ................................................................... 22.36 2.5 37.1 18.85 3.2 34.3 22.52 2.6 37.2

 8 ................................................................... 25.35 1.8 36.8 18.40 7.8 36.9 25.64 1.9 36.8

 9 ................................................................... 28.80 1.6 35.9 20.45 4.5 35.4 29.13 1.7 35.9

10 ................................................................... 31.09 6.0 35.2 23.64 13.4 30.5 31.22 6.0 35.3

11 ................................................................... 24.02 3.9 40.9 – – – 23.74 3.6 41.5

Secondary school teachers ............................... 26.66 1.6 36.8 21.45 2.9 35.3 26.93 1.6 36.8

 5 ................................................................... 19.81 7.6 31.0 18.19 4.0 32.5 20.88 10.7 30.0

 6 ................................................................... 25.40 7.4 36.3 16.61 9.5 38.2 27.94 7.3 35.8

 7 ................................................................... 22.71 2.5 37.8 19.86 4.4 35.4 22.80 2.6 37.9

 8 ................................................................... 26.12 3.9 37.0 21.09 6.6 34.2 26.34 4.0 37.2

 9 ................................................................... 28.75 2.4 36.4 23.47 2.9 35.9 28.99 2.5 36.5

10 ................................................................... 30.32 8.3 35.7 26.86 9.8 29.8 – – –

11 ................................................................... 28.82 4.1 35.5 24.41 9.3 40.1 29.06 4.2 35.3

Teachers, special education .............................. 27.12 2.2 35.9 19.32 4.9 35.9 27.88 2.2 35.9

 5 ................................................................... 12.33 14.3 35.7 12.06 8.6 38.4 12.45 21.0 34.5

 6 ................................................................... 17.62 11.0 33.7 – – – 18.51 11.8 33.3

 7 ................................................................... 23.05 4.3 37.3 18.49 11.7 37.0 23.84 4.0 37.4

 8 ................................................................... 24.88 3.8 35.9 19.56 6.4 35.8 25.24 4.0 35.9

 9 ................................................................... 30.49 2.8 35.6 20.51 6.6 33.3 31.08 2.8 35.8

10 ................................................................... 32.05 7.1 34.6 – – – 33.01 7.4 34.3

11 ................................................................... 28.91 8.1 34.8 – – – – – –

Teachers, n.e.c. ................................................. 26.16 2.6 29.4 16.16 4.3 21.1 27.89 2.6 31.5

 3 ................................................................... 7.35 4.1 14.7 7.08 6.2 11.9 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 7.91 6.0 9.4 7.50 5.2 9.2 9.65 16.6 10.4

 5 ................................................................... 12.93 4.4 21.6 12.43 7.6 21.0 13.23 5.2 21.9

 6 ................................................................... 15.01 5.3 22.0 12.82 5.5 25.0 17.94 4.0 18.9

 7 ................................................................... 24.62 6.7 32.7 16.69 5.4 27.5 26.13 6.9 34.0

 8 ................................................................... 22.69 4.5 33.2 15.37 9.5 27.9 23.91 3.9 34.3

 9 ................................................................... 31.49 3.2 31.5 22.68 5.4 20.6 31.80 3.2 32.1

10 ................................................................... 28.93 6.7 33.4 24.99 6.1 28.6 31.00 6.9 36.5

11 ................................................................... 30.61 5.5 36.4 31.62 6.6 33.7 30.21 7.3 37.6

12 ................................................................... 36.38 9.4 29.5 – – – 38.62 3.9 28.6

Not able to be leveled .................................... 16.42 13.2 18.1 – – – 15.03 16.8 29.5

Substitute teachers ............................................ 10.10 4.0 14.6 8.09 4.7 13.2 10.15 4.1 14.7

 2 ................................................................... 5.68 7.3 8.5 – – – 5.68 7.3 8.5

 3 ................................................................... 6.41 8.3 7.4 – – – 6.41 8.3 7.4

 4 ................................................................... 7.20 3.2 19.1 – – – 7.21 3.2 19.1

 5 ................................................................... 7.94 4.4 15.0 8.54 5.8 12.2 7.93 4.4 15.0

 6 ................................................................... 12.28 8.6 13.8 8.79 3.8 9.7 12.52 8.9 14.2

 7 ................................................................... 11.71 7.1 16.1 7.36 2.7 24.6 11.94 7.3 15.8

 8 ................................................................... 13.92 13.3 14.5 – – – 13.95 13.3 15.0

 9 ................................................................... 15.06 17.2 35.2 – – – – – –

Vocational and educational counselors ............. 23.24 4.2 36.8 14.67 5.4 37.0 25.40 4.2 36.7

 5 ................................................................... 11.76 6.1 35.9 10.05 4.2 39.1 13.07 5.9 33.8

 6 ................................................................... 12.06 5.6 37.3 10.42 3.8 36.7 14.44 9.6 38.3

 7 ................................................................... 18.03 6.3 38.9 13.62 3.6 37.8 19.07 7.2 39.1

 8 ................................................................... 22.22 6.0 37.5 15.66 5.3 38.4 23.71 6.3 37.3

 9 ................................................................... 26.79 7.0 36.1 19.26 6.8 37.7 27.89 7.3 35.8

10 ................................................................... 28.61 5.7 37.6 – – – 28.65 5.7 37.6

11 ................................................................... 35.02 8.4 34.7 23.35 9.8 38.2 36.78 7.7 34.3

See footnotes at end of table.
42

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Professional specialty –Continued

Teachers, except college and university

–Continued

Vocational and educational counselors

–Continued

12 ................................................................... $28.93 5.9 38.6 – – – – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 21.33 15.4 31.9 – – – $23.08 15.4 37.2

Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................ 20.25 3.0 36.4 $20.18 3.9 35.4 20.29 4.1 36.9

 5 ................................................................... 12.92 6.8 33.4 14.42 12.9 27.3 12.17 5.5 37.5

 6 ................................................................... 11.17 18.5 35.9 9.96 8.1 33.5 11.48 23.3 36.5

 7 ................................................................... 15.19 4.9 36.6 15.02 4.4 36.8 15.26 6.6 36.5

 8 ................................................................... 19.37 5.1 38.1 18.34 5.9 39.5 19.66 6.2 37.8

 9 ................................................................... 23.03 4.7 36.5 19.94 4.0 34.9 24.75 6.3 37.5

10 ................................................................... 23.66 7.1 36.1 22.14 7.2 36.6 25.14 10.6 35.6

11 ................................................................... 23.93 7.6 35.8 25.91 5.2 36.1 23.01 10.5 35.7

12 ................................................................... 26.09 9.8 38.5 26.26 14.3 38.5 – – –

Librarians ........................................................... 20.60 3.3 36.5 19.77 3.5 36.0 20.97 4.5 36.8

 5 ................................................................... 13.86 8.6 35.1 14.70 15.2 33.3 13.18 8.2 36.7

 6 ................................................................... 11.14 18.7 35.8 9.72 8.3 33.2 11.48 23.3 36.5

 7 ................................................................... 15.34 5.7 36.3 15.40 4.6 36.6 15.31 8.0 36.1

 8 ................................................................... 19.50 5.4 38.0 18.23 7.0 38.2 19.81 6.4 38.0

 9 ................................................................... 23.63 4.8 36.8 20.63 3.5 35.7 25.15 6.4 37.3

10 ................................................................... 23.71 7.6 36.1 22.01 8.1 36.8 25.21 11.0 35.6

11 ................................................................... 24.83 7.8 35.2 25.42 5.9 35.4 24.55 11.1 35.1

12 ................................................................... 28.49 8.4 38.1 – – – – – –

Archivists and curators ...................................... 17.94 8.9 35.8 22.18 13.7 33.0 14.76 6.7 38.2

 5 ................................................................... 11.40 2.9 30.9 – – – – – –

 7 ................................................................... 14.42 5.8 38.6 – – – – – –

 9 ................................................................... 16.43 5.0 34.1 15.59 6.5 30.9 – – –

Social scientists and urban planners ..................... 21.73 3.3 36.9 21.06 4.2 35.6 22.40 5.0 38.3

 5 ................................................................... 11.88 6.6 35.9 12.12 6.5 34.6 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.10 3.8 38.1 14.89 4.4 38.7 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.54 4.0 39.6 16.94 4.7 40.2 15.92 6.6 38.8

 8 ................................................................... 19.29 3.4 38.0 18.95 4.6 38.3 19.75 5.3 37.6

 9 ................................................................... 22.28 8.2 35.1 19.02 6.0 32.9 25.51 11.3 37.6

10 ................................................................... 21.79 8.9 37.8 21.70 10.4 36.7 21.83 12.4 38.4

11 ................................................................... 28.20 4.0 36.4 29.28 6.5 32.4 27.64 4.7 38.9

12 ................................................................... 31.17 4.8 40.6 32.54 5.6 40.9 27.13 6.1 39.9

13 ................................................................... 38.76 5.7 35.9 39.91 5.5 35.5 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 15.95 24.5 38.9 24.96 18.7 37.4 – – –

Economists ........................................................ 23.28 5.1 39.8 23.48 5.3 39.8 20.10 5.0 40.0

 5 ................................................................... 13.16 4.1 40.3 13.16 4.1 40.3 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.91 3.7 43.9 14.91 3.7 43.9 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.44 5.0 40.8 17.65 4.9 40.9 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 20.28 6.4 38.4 20.28 6.4 38.4 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 23.18 4.1 39.7 23.44 4.1 39.7 – – –

10 ................................................................... 27.88 8.2 36.7 28.00 8.1 36.6 – – –

11 ................................................................... 27.59 10.6 38.6 30.54 10.0 37.9 – – –

12 ................................................................... 33.82 5.8 41.7 33.82 5.8 41.7 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 27.46 22.6 40.0 27.46 22.6 40.0 – – –

Psychologists ..................................................... 22.82 5.0 34.6 17.55 4.1 31.3 26.59 5.1 37.4

 5 ................................................................... 11.09 12.7 28.1 – – – – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.96 7.9 33.5 14.62 9.5 34.4 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 14.87 7.4 38.7 14.33 5.0 37.1 15.16 10.9 39.6

 8 ................................................................... 19.53 4.2 37.3 17.51 8.2 38.1 21.34 5.0 36.6

 9 ................................................................... 23.19 12.4 32.6 15.50 2.8 28.8 29.45 10.6 36.5

10 ................................................................... 22.80 7.8 36.7 17.83 6.3 36.6 26.93 8.5 36.8

11 ................................................................... 28.41 4.6 36.2 27.53 8.3 29.1 28.65 5.4 38.7

12 ................................................................... 25.79 6.9 38.6 – – – 26.74 6.9 39.9

Not able to be leveled .................................... 23.36 11.7 34.6 – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
43

Table 3-1. Selected occupations 1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Professional specialty –Continued

Social scientists and urban planners –Continued

Sociologists ........................................................ $16.56 2.8 39.3 – – – – – –

Social scientists, n.e.c. ...................................... 13.41 15.9 38.4 $25.85 11.0 31.4 $11.29 10.2 39.9

 9 ................................................................... 13.43 7.4 39.9 – – – – – –

Urban planners .................................................. 20.56 4.5 39.5 – – – 20.76 4.5 39.5

 7 ................................................................... 14.70 7.7 39.5 – – – 15.35 11.2 39.3

 9 ................................................................... 19.82 3.6 39.9 – – – 19.82 3.6 39.9

10 ................................................................... 24.75 6.9 38.1 – – – 24.75 6.9 38.1

11 ................................................................... 26.26 5.5 39.9 – – – 26.26 5.5 39.9

Social, recreation, and religious workers ............... 15.17 1.4 37.3 13.63 1.7 36.3 16.12 1.8 37.9

 3 ................................................................... 5.94 13.9 32.8 5.92 14.8 38.5 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 8.67 5.4 33.8 9.16 5.9 34.4 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 11.23 1.4 36.8 10.05 2.4 35.3 11.87 1.9 37.7

 6 ................................................................... 12.47 2.8 38.0 10.55 3.5 37.4 13.71 2.7 38.3

 7 ................................................................... 14.05 1.6 37.8 13.08 1.8 37.4 14.72 2.5 38.2

 8 ................................................................... 14.79 2.0 37.8 13.78 2.8 36.8 15.35 2.7 38.4

 9 ................................................................... 17.75 2.7 36.8 16.44 2.5 34.8 18.54 4.0 38.2

10 ................................................................... 19.83 8.0 38.1 16.65 10.3 38.8 23.67 7.6 37.3

11 ................................................................... 20.99 6.8 37.2 17.26 10.4 35.4 23.55 7.9 38.5

12 ................................................................... 24.50 11.8 40.0 – – – – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 17.95 4.3 33.3 17.43 10.0 25.9 18.00 4.6 34.2

Social workers ................................................... 15.38 1.4 37.6 13.85 1.6 36.1 16.26 1.9 38.5

 5 ................................................................... 11.41 1.5 38.0 10.15 2.6 35.5 11.98 2.0 39.2

 6 ................................................................... 12.54 3.1 38.0 10.47 3.7 37.3 13.84 2.7 38.4

 7 ................................................................... 13.95 1.7 38.0 13.15 1.8 37.8 14.54 2.6 38.1

 8 ................................................................... 14.88 2.0 38.0 13.85 2.9 36.7 15.39 2.7 38.8

 9 ................................................................... 17.72 2.8 37.0 16.17 2.5 35.0 18.57 4.0 38.2

10 ................................................................... 21.07 6.2 36.4 18.02 6.3 35.2 23.94 7.9 37.6

11 ................................................................... 22.43 5.8 35.8 20.26 6.0 31.6 23.55 7.9 38.5

12 ................................................................... 24.44 12.2 40.0 – – – – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 18.34 4.5 37.5 – – – 18.29 4.8 38.7

Recreation workers ............................................ 12.61 3.9 32.8 11.20 4.7 35.6 13.76 4.9 30.8

 3 ................................................................... 5.68 13.6 32.5 – – – – – –

 4 ................................................................... 8.94 10.2 29.9 10.54 8.6 28.8 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 9.67 3.0 29.4 9.06 3.0 33.4 10.50 4.0 25.4

 6 ................................................................... 11.68 7.4 38.4 11.18 6.8 39.9 12.11 11.4 37.2

 7 ................................................................... 15.30 5.6 37.7 11.34 6.7 33.9 16.47 3.7 39.0

 8 ................................................................... 14.37 6.0 34.9 14.45 7.8 38.3 14.23 9.1 30.2

 9 ................................................................... 15.48 14.8 34.3 16.62 10.9 34.5 – – –

Clergy ................................................................ 12.01 15.5 41.8 12.01 15.6 42.2 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 10.41 16.7 36.7 10.41 16.7 36.7 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 19.34 7.1 30.4 19.34 7.1 30.4 – – –

11 ................................................................... 8.35 13.9 54.6 8.35 13.9 54.6 – – –

Religious workers, n.e.c. .................................... 20.66 4.2 33.8 20.66 4.2 33.8 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 21.25 5.0 40.0 21.25 5.0 40.0 – – –

Lawyers and judges ............................................... 34.83 3.1 39.9 39.27 3.8 43.8 29.67 3.8 36.1

 7 ................................................................... 20.59 12.3 39.4 – – – 17.75 11.7 36.7

 8 ................................................................... 20.38 7.7 40.5 – – – 17.94 2.2 35.3

 9 ................................................................... 19.68 5.3 37.3 22.38 7.9 44.2 18.58 6.8 35.1

10 ................................................................... 25.46 6.0 40.2 29.08 8.5 45.2 21.69 5.8 36.0

11 ................................................................... 28.20 3.8 37.7 29.87 5.0 43.7 26.16 5.5 32.3

12 ................................................................... 34.93 3.6 41.8 35.71 4.4 45.7 33.32 6.3 35.5

13 ................................................................... 48.11 5.5 41.1 49.34 6.5 42.6 43.38 8.1 36.2

14 ................................................................... 50.36 6.0 42.5 52.20 7.6 42.4 45.46 7.2 42.7

15 ................................................................... 43.47 14.2 40.1 68.00 8.4 40.5 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 34.80 7.9 38.4 46.77 9.1 42.0 31.75 8.5 37.6

Lawyers ............................................................. 34.48 3.2 40.2 39.27 3.8 43.8 28.27 3.9 36.3

 7 ................................................................... 20.59 12.3 39.4 – – – 17.75 11.7 36.7

 8 ................................................................... 20.38 7.7 40.5 – – – 17.94 2.2 35.3

See footnotes at end of table.
44

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Professional specialty –Continued

Lawyers and judges –Continued

Lawyers –Continued

 9 ................................................................... $19.78 5.4 38.0 $22.38 7.9 44.2 $18.68 7.0 35.9

10 ................................................................... 25.94 6.4 41.3 29.08 8.5 45.2 22.05 6.6 37.3

11 ................................................................... 28.11 3.9 38.6 29.87 5.0 43.7 25.93 5.5 33.8

12 ................................................................... 34.76 3.8 41.8 35.71 4.4 45.7 32.68 6.9 35.2

13 ................................................................... 48.24 5.6 41.3 49.34 6.5 42.6 43.58 8.7 36.6

14 ................................................................... 50.94 6.7 42.8 52.20 7.6 42.4 – – –

15 ................................................................... 43.47 14.2 40.1 68.00 8.4 40.5 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 32.50 6.8 38.2 46.77 9.1 42.0 27.87 3.8 37.1

Judges ............................................................... 41.56 7.5 34.2 – – – 41.56 7.5 34.2

Not able to be leveled .................................... 46.00 4.9 39.3 – – – 46.00 4.9 39.3

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and

professionals, n.e.c. ............................................. 21.34 2.7 36.9 21.45 3.0 37.3 20.33 3.6 33.7

 4 ................................................................... 11.90 25.0 32.6 11.92 25.0 32.8 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.92 2.8 38.5 12.94 2.9 39.1 12.52 7.5 29.5

 6 ................................................................... 13.03 3.7 38.5 13.09 4.2 38.5 12.60 5.7 38.4

 7 ................................................................... 17.36 2.6 39.2 17.48 2.8 39.3 16.47 6.4 38.4

 8 ................................................................... 18.09 2.2 39.4 18.16 2.3 39.3 17.30 9.2 39.7

 9 ................................................................... 22.03 2.7 39.0 22.07 2.8 39.1 21.08 5.9 35.4

10 ................................................................... 25.29 3.6 39.9 26.04 3.4 39.6 – – –

11 ................................................................... 29.11 2.9 38.3 29.52 3.0 39.6 23.34 4.5 26.4

12 ................................................................... 33.28 3.5 39.8 33.80 3.6 40.8 – – –

13 ................................................................... 38.49 3.2 39.6 38.56 3.2 39.6 – – –

14 ................................................................... 42.62 4.4 40.7 43.12 5.8 41.0 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 22.63 8.4 31.5 22.74 9.9 31.7 22.07 10.1 30.4

Authors .............................................................. 30.53 33.8 30.8 30.53 33.8 30.8 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 30.53 33.8 30.8 30.53 33.8 30.8 – – –

Technical writers ................................................ 20.00 3.8 38.6 20.00 3.8 38.6 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.31 4.4 38.1 13.31 4.4 38.1 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.52 7.2 40.0 15.52 7.2 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 19.73 5.8 39.5 19.71 5.8 39.5 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 18.38 7.8 38.4 18.38 7.8 38.4 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 19.93 5.1 37.9 19.93 5.1 37.9 – – –

11 ................................................................... 27.66 6.4 40.1 27.66 6.4 40.1 – – –

Designers ........................................................... 20.70 4.6 39.9 20.79 4.6 39.9 15.01 8.5 39.9

 4 ................................................................... 7.84 3.6 34.3 7.84 3.6 34.3 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.60 7.2 39.7 12.60 7.2 39.7 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.28 4.3 38.0 15.58 4.4 37.8 13.04 8.5 39.8

 7 ................................................................... 17.84 3.9 40.0 17.84 3.9 40.0 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 18.06 3.5 40.5 18.15 3.6 40.5 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 21.96 3.9 39.9 21.96 3.9 39.9 – – –

10 ................................................................... 26.74 5.2 40.9 26.74 5.2 40.9 – – –

11 ................................................................... 27.77 4.4 41.1 28.11 4.4 41.2 – – –

12 ................................................................... 35.11 6.2 43.2 35.11 6.2 43.2 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 27.27 16.9 35.6 27.27 16.9 35.6 – – –

Musicians and composers ................................. 41.23 15.8 16.5 43.00 15.6 16.5 13.43 7.7 15.7

Not able to be leveled .................................... 41.23 15.8 16.5 43.00 15.6 16.5 13.43 7.7 15.7

Actors and directors ........................................... 23.20 12.5 34.5 23.34 12.6 35.0 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 23.20 12.5 34.5 23.34 12.6 35.0 – – –

Painters, sculptors, craft artists, and artist

printmakers ...................................................... 18.70 13.8 36.8 18.77 14.5 36.6 17.45 11.3 39.6

Not able to be leveled .................................... 18.70 13.8 36.8 18.77 14.5 36.6 17.45 11.3 39.6

Photographers ................................................... 15.95 7.2 39.3 16.03 7.9 39.3 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.52 16.8 39.9 12.38 18.6 39.9 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.40 8.6 40.6 13.78 10.3 40.7 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 20.88 23.2 38.6 23.31 26.6 38.0 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 17.86 5.5 39.5 17.91 5.6 39.5 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 21.26 5.0 40.0 21.26 5.0 40.0 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
45

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Professional specialty –Continued

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and

professionals, n.e.c. –Continued

Dancers ............................................................. $3.80 36.4 26.6 – – – – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 3.80 36.4 26.6 – – – – – –

Artists, performers, and related workers, n.e.c. 13.31 11.4 26.1 $12.05 15.2 26.1 $16.52 9.6 26.2

Not able to be leveled .................................... 13.31 11.4 26.1 12.05 15.2 26.1 16.52 9.6 26.2

Editors and reporters ......................................... 22.03 4.9 38.9 22.15 5.0 38.9 16.09 7.2 38.3

 5 ................................................................... 12.15 4.6 38.1 12.17 4.6 38.1 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 11.93 7.0 37.7 11.99 7.4 37.9 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 15.81 3.8 38.6 15.82 3.9 38.6 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 18.88 4.0 39.5 18.84 4.3 39.5 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 22.29 5.5 39.0 22.29 5.5 39.0 – – –

10 ................................................................... 25.84 6.0 40.1 25.84 6.0 40.1 – – –

11 ................................................................... 33.05 5.2 38.6 33.29 5.2 38.5 – – –

12 ................................................................... 33.52 12.5 41.1 33.52 12.5 41.1 – – –

13 ................................................................... 42.06 5.4 37.3 42.06 5.4 37.3 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 48.25 29.4 41.9 48.25 29.4 41.9 – – –

Public relations specialists ................................. 20.00 5.0 38.0 20.24 6.0 39.4 19.21 9.7 34.0

 5 ................................................................... 12.15 8.0 35.7 12.23 9.3 39.3 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 11.65 3.7 39.2 11.72 4.3 39.3 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 18.70 10.2 39.6 18.77 5.4 39.6 18.58 26.7 39.6

 8 ................................................................... 15.90 6.0 38.8 16.71 5.9 38.7 13.00 7.7 39.2

 9 ................................................................... 19.92 3.8 38.9 19.41 4.3 39.1 21.53 6.8 38.2

10 ................................................................... 24.67 9.8 39.6 – – – – – –

11 ................................................................... 27.06 4.7 33.4 28.08 5.4 41.2 – – –

12 ................................................................... 34.34 5.6 38.8 34.39 5.6 38.8 – – –

Announcers ........................................................ 20.24 19.8 31.0 20.24 19.8 31.0 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 20.24 19.8 31.0 20.24 19.8 31.0 – – –

Athletes .............................................................. 26.42 31.6 25.1 28.61 46.4 24.0 22.90 19.1 27.2

Not able to be leveled .................................... 26.42 31.6 25.1 28.61 46.4 24.0 22.90 19.1 27.2

Professional, n.e.c. ............................................ 23.39 3.6 38.7 23.71 4.2 39.2 22.17 7.4 36.7

 5 ................................................................... 14.80 2.8 38.8 14.82 2.8 38.8 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 13.05 9.0 38.7 12.84 10.8 38.8 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.64 3.8 38.9 16.86 5.0 39.4 16.03 3.3 37.5

 8 ................................................................... 19.03 4.2 39.0 18.45 4.6 38.6 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 24.27 5.0 38.6 24.48 5.1 39.2 19.54 9.6 28.1

10 ................................................................... 22.69 7.7 40.8 23.97 7.1 39.8 – – –

11 ................................................................... 25.95 4.9 38.6 25.99 5.3 38.5 – – –

12 ................................................................... 31.69 3.4 37.5 32.72 4.0 39.9 – – –

14 ................................................................... 45.54 6.3 40.0 47.90 6.3 40.0 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 23.55 6.7 38.0 22.69 5.1 38.9 24.89 13.9 36.5

Technical ................................................................... 16.66 .9 36.8 17.15 1.0 36.6 14.46 1.3 37.5

 2 ................................................................... 8.05 3.6 34.3 7.92 4.5 32.9 8.42 3.7 39.0

 3 ................................................................... 9.27 2.6 32.8 9.37 2.9 32.8 8.52 4.4 32.3

 4 ................................................................... 11.07 1.0 36.2 11.24 1.1 36.1 10.44 2.7 36.6

 5 ................................................................... 12.90 .9 35.9 13.04 1.0 35.5 12.27 1.7 37.4

 6 ................................................................... 14.46 .9 37.0 14.72 1.1 36.8 13.44 1.9 37.6

 7 ................................................................... 17.17 1.3 37.5 17.38 1.5 37.4 16.26 1.7 37.8

 8 ................................................................... 18.47 1.0 38.5 18.83 1.1 38.5 16.87 2.0 38.7

 9 ................................................................... 22.39 1.7 38.0 22.84 2.0 38.0 20.15 2.3 38.4

10 ................................................................... 28.31 5.1 38.2 28.79 5.5 38.1 23.19 6.9 39.5

11 ................................................................... 45.46 6.6 32.6 46.13 6.7 32.4 23.10 10.8 40.0

12 ................................................................... 46.55 16.2 33.5 46.55 16.2 33.5 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 17.03 4.4 35.6 17.08 5.1 36.6 16.87 8.5 32.9

Clinical laboratory technologists and

technicians ....................................................... 14.96 1.4 36.7 15.09 1.5 36.3 14.38 4.9 38.5

 2 ................................................................... 6.73 3.6 36.1 6.73 3.6 36.1 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.09 2.1 35.6 9.09 2.2 35.3 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.40 2.9 35.6 10.68 3.9 34.5 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
46

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Technical –Continued

Clinical laboratory technologists and

technicians –Continued

 5 ................................................................... $12.63 3.6 36.3 $12.82 3.8 35.6 $11.99 8.4 39.0

 6 ................................................................... 13.65 4.3 38.1 13.67 4.6 38.0 13.38 4.8 38.5

 7 ................................................................... 15.84 2.2 36.9 15.80 2.4 36.6 16.13 3.6 39.5

 8 ................................................................... 16.85 1.7 36.2 16.91 2.0 35.4 16.67 4.5 39.2

 9 ................................................................... 19.22 2.2 37.2 19.51 2.6 37.3 18.03 2.6 36.8

10 ................................................................... 21.80 3.8 38.0 21.51 4.1 37.8 – – –

11 ................................................................... 22.27 3.3 37.4 22.11 3.6 37.1 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 15.63 12.3 40.0 15.81 12.5 40.0 – – –

Dental hygienists ............................................... 20.21 7.9 36.6 23.53 1.6 34.8 – – –

Health record technologists and technicians ..... 11.69 3.2 34.7 11.55 3.5 35.0 12.59 8.1 32.5

 2 ................................................................... 8.50 5.3 35.9 – – – – – –

 3 ................................................................... 10.17 13.2 32.7 10.20 13.6 33.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.27 2.7 36.5 10.28 2.9 36.5 10.18 5.5 36.5

 5 ................................................................... 11.71 6.6 32.0 11.45 6.8 31.6 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.43 4.8 36.2 14.66 5.1 38.6 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 15.04 7.5 37.5 – – – – – –

 8 ................................................................... 17.21 2.8 31.4 16.91 3.4 38.3 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 19.16 2.3 36.5 – – – – – –

Radiological technicians .................................... 16.30 1.3 33.5 16.41 1.4 33.4 15.47 4.9 33.7

 4 ................................................................... 14.31 8.4 33.8 15.03 8.5 33.6 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 14.11 2.3 29.2 14.17 2.5 29.0 13.64 1.9 31.0

 6 ................................................................... 15.05 2.2 34.8 15.18 2.5 34.9 14.11 2.7 34.1

 7 ................................................................... 18.02 2.1 31.8 18.06 2.1 31.8 17.60 9.7 31.0

 8 ................................................................... 18.24 3.0 36.9 17.95 2.5 37.0 19.69 13.1 36.6

 9 ................................................................... 18.86 5.0 37.7 19.47 6.3 37.9 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 14.05 9.1 31.1 14.05 9.1 31.1 – – –

Licensed practical nurses .................................. 12.56 .9 34.8 12.58 .9 34.3 12.51 2.6 37.3

 3 ................................................................... 10.46 6.3 31.3 10.24 5.8 31.1 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.36 2.0 35.8 11.46 2.3 35.0 10.98 5.0 39.1

 5 ................................................................... 12.32 1.3 34.6 12.36 1.5 34.0 12.11 2.1 37.4

 6 ................................................................... 12.55 1.6 34.8 12.74 1.6 34.2 11.75 3.7 37.5

 7 ................................................................... 13.94 1.6 34.0 13.68 1.7 34.1 15.25 2.5 33.7

 8 ................................................................... 13.93 3.2 37.0 13.78 3.4 36.6 14.76 9.3 39.2

Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c. ...... 12.92 1.5 34.9 12.85 1.7 34.1 13.08 3.0 37.4

 2 ................................................................... 7.93 2.7 34.4 8.01 3.7 30.0 7.85 3.6 40.0

 3 ................................................................... 8.64 4.4 30.4 8.75 5.0 29.5 7.91 8.2 37.9

 4 ................................................................... 10.38 2.1 34.1 10.64 2.1 34.5 9.49 5.1 32.6

 5 ................................................................... 12.32 2.1 35.2 12.30 2.5 34.4 12.38 4.5 38.3

 6 ................................................................... 13.30 2.4 35.9 13.06 3.3 34.0 13.67 3.0 39.1

 7 ................................................................... 15.50 2.3 36.8 15.85 3.3 35.4 14.85 2.4 39.7

 8 ................................................................... 16.42 1.9 34.4 16.49 2.3 33.5 16.20 4.3 37.2

 9 ................................................................... 20.99 3.6 36.8 19.81 4.9 36.1 23.23 2.7 38.4

10 ................................................................... 20.93 15.8 37.8 19.70 20.6 37.2 – – –

11 ................................................................... 39.43 4.5 40.0 – – – – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 15.01 7.4 37.0 15.36 8.0 36.9 – – –

Electrical and electronic technicians .................. 17.73 1.8 39.6 17.92 1.9 39.8 15.59 10.8 38.4

 3 ................................................................... 10.56 8.6 33.2 10.78 8.4 35.8 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.29 1.7 38.1 11.37 1.4 38.2 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 14.32 2.7 38.9 14.33 2.7 39.4 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.47 6.3 39.9 16.49 3.9 39.9 11.99 15.1 39.7

 7 ................................................................... 18.81 2.8 40.1 18.91 2.8 40.1 16.86 8.6 39.9

 8 ................................................................... 19.61 2.0 40.1 19.50 2.1 40.1 21.17 5.2 39.2

 9 ................................................................... 22.12 2.1 39.9 22.13 2.2 39.9 – – –

10 ................................................................... 24.02 4.4 40.0 23.36 4.7 40.0 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 16.96 5.8 39.8 16.90 6.2 39.8 – – –

Industrial engineering technicians ..................... 16.31 6.2 40.2 16.35 6.3 40.2 – – –

Mechanical engineering technicians .................. 18.87 3.1 40.0 19.11 2.9 40.2 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
47

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Technical –Continued

Mechanical engineering technicians

–Continued

 4 ................................................................... $13.10 10.2 35.1 $13.10 10.2 35.1 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.38 6.2 40.0 14.04 7.4 40.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.69 7.1 41.8 15.69 7.1 41.8 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 18.42 4.4 40.0 18.37 4.5 40.0 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 20.50 2.6 38.9 20.41 2.6 39.8 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 22.58 6.4 41.2 22.58 6.4 41.2 – – –

Engineering technicians, n.e.c. .......................... 18.09 1.8 39.4 18.97 2.2 39.7 $15.98 3.8 38.6

 3 ................................................................... 9.60 7.7 40.0 11.00 5.9 40.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.95 4.4 38.1 11.57 4.5 39.5 12.79 8.2 35.3

 5 ................................................................... 13.29 4.8 38.9 14.06 7.3 38.9 11.84 3.6 38.9

 6 ................................................................... 15.97 3.3 39.3 16.33 3.2 39.6 15.26 6.3 38.6

 7 ................................................................... 17.13 3.6 39.9 17.92 4.6 40.0 15.66 4.6 39.7

 8 ................................................................... 20.09 2.8 40.1 20.96 2.6 40.2 17.41 4.1 39.9

 9 ................................................................... 21.93 2.1 38.6 22.38 3.5 39.5 – – –

10 ................................................................... 26.57 7.9 39.9 27.06 9.4 40.4 – – –

11 ................................................................... 27.81 4.5 40.0 27.81 4.5 40.0 – – –

Drafters .............................................................. 16.58 2.1 39.5 16.46 2.2 39.5 17.58 7.0 39.1

 3 ................................................................... 9.05 7.0 39.2 9.05 7.0 39.2 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.52 7.2 38.2 11.61 7.4 38.1 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.80 3.5 38.8 13.80 3.7 39.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 16.05 3.4 40.0 15.92 3.0 39.9 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.69 3.4 39.7 17.09 3.1 39.8 20.13 4.2 39.6

 8 ................................................................... 18.17 2.5 40.4 18.06 2.5 40.5 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 23.81 5.2 38.8 23.96 5.2 38.8 – – –

10 ................................................................... 27.33 6.0 41.3 27.33 6.0 41.3 – – –

11 ................................................................... 29.07 5.0 39.9 29.07 5.0 39.9 – – –

Surveying and mapping technicians .................. 15.44 5.7 39.7 16.03 9.2 40.3 14.77 5.9 39.1

 5 ................................................................... 12.54 6.1 39.3 12.97 9.6 40.0 12.16 7.6 38.7

 6 ................................................................... 18.41 13.9 40.4 18.85 16.3 40.5 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.38 5.7 39.3 17.94 5.3 40.0 15.57 8.0 38.9

 8 ................................................................... 19.19 13.9 40.9 20.00 15.2 41.2 – – –

Biological technicians ........................................ 14.86 4.6 37.5 16.43 5.6 39.6 12.25 6.2 34.5

 3 ................................................................... 8.97 4.2 28.8 – – – – – –

 4 ................................................................... 12.19 10.9 39.3 14.07 9.0 38.9 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.12 4.1 40.0 13.82 6.6 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.89 4.3 37.9 19.23 4.1 40.1 15.59 6.5 34.7

 8 ................................................................... 16.95 10.3 39.2 19.73 6.7 38.7 – – –

Chemical technicians ......................................... 17.17 2.5 39.6 17.16 2.6 39.7 17.62 4.3 38.1

 4 ................................................................... 13.29 4.5 39.2 13.29 4.6 39.7 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 14.12 2.6 39.4 14.12 2.6 39.4 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 17.17 5.3 39.7 17.16 5.5 39.7 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.72 3.2 39.6 17.72 3.2 39.6 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 20.20 3.6 39.9 20.44 3.8 39.9 18.23 4.8 40.0

 9 ................................................................... 20.63 13.5 39.8 20.63 13.5 39.8 – – –

Science technicians, n.e.c. ................................ 17.15 4.6 37.2 17.69 4.8 38.0 14.81 3.3 34.2

 4 ................................................................... 13.52 5.1 37.0 13.99 4.5 40.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 16.11 3.7 36.6 16.06 3.8 37.3 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 17.60 10.0 38.9 18.53 10.0 39.6 13.94 6.9 36.5

 7 ................................................................... 17.28 6.2 37.9 17.72 7.7 37.6 15.89 4.3 39.0

 8 ................................................................... 17.42 5.0 39.4 17.77 5.5 39.3 15.84 8.7 40.0

 9 ................................................................... 20.38 6.2 39.6 20.31 6.3 39.6 – – –

Airplane pilots and navigators ............................ 64.41 9.3 24.3 64.98 9.4 24.2 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 33.98 21.9 31.6 33.98 21.9 31.6 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 24.45 7.3 30.4 24.45 7.3 30.4 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 45.12 12.1 24.0 46.62 12.0 23.4 – – –

10 ................................................................... 70.40 19.3 26.4 70.40 19.3 26.4 – – –

11 ................................................................... 100.30 7.2 20.5 100.30 7.2 20.5 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
48

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Technical –Continued

Broadcast equipment operators ......................... $17.09 12.4 36.1 $17.11 13.1 36.0 $16.74 13.1 38.5

 2 ................................................................... 6.24 2.3 26.2 6.24 2.3 26.2 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 6.94 9.3 20.8 6.94 9.3 20.8 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.27 7.4 37.8 10.32 7.6 37.8 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 18.44 21.5 38.5 19.28 22.4 38.6 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.05 3.1 37.2 16.05 3.1 37.2 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 17.19 11.6 39.6 – – – – – –

 9 ................................................................... 23.76 7.0 39.1 23.79 7.0 39.1 – – –

Computer programmers ..................................... 20.43 1.6 39.6 20.81 1.6 39.6 18.14 3.8 39.3

 4 ................................................................... 12.06 13.6 40.0 12.06 13.6 40.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 14.15 3.6 37.5 14.36 4.1 37.9 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.77 2.9 38.0 15.88 2.9 37.9 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 18.36 4.6 40.4 18.47 4.8 40.5 16.87 5.9 40.0

 8 ................................................................... 19.10 2.9 39.7 20.12 2.7 40.0 16.20 5.4 38.8

 9 ................................................................... 22.10 1.7 39.8 22.13 1.8 39.7 21.93 3.8 40.6

10 ................................................................... 27.07 3.9 39.8 27.16 4.1 39.8 – – –

11 ................................................................... 27.83 3.0 40.5 27.83 3.0 40.5 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 18.43 5.7 39.0 19.99 16.1 37.6 – – –

Tool programmers, numerical control ................ 17.13 6.5 39.9 17.13 6.5 39.9 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 15.75 2.2 40.0 15.75 2.2 40.0 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 20.37 9.7 38.6 20.37 9.7 38.6 – – –

Legal assistants ................................................. 16.15 3.1 39.3 17.01 2.3 39.3 13.94 7.1 39.3

 4 ................................................................... 10.47 4.3 39.6 – – – 10.09 4.4 39.4

 5 ................................................................... 14.46 7.1 39.8 15.52 7.8 40.8 12.91 8.1 38.5

 6 ................................................................... 14.89 4.4 39.6 15.73 4.7 39.5 13.05 6.8 40.0

 7 ................................................................... 16.52 2.8 39.3 16.69 2.6 39.5 15.91 10.3 38.4

 8 ................................................................... 17.20 2.8 39.0 17.37 3.1 38.8 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 20.53 7.3 39.5 22.55 6.9 39.3 – – –

10 ................................................................... 18.75 5.7 39.3 – – – – – –

Technical and related, n.e.c. .............................. 17.36 2.7 38.5 18.00 3.4 39.0 15.40 4.4 36.8

 2 ................................................................... 8.57 4.3 31.8 7.99 4.6 26.6 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.51 9.9 35.3 9.55 10.5 37.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.82 7.5 38.5 10.79 9.1 38.2 10.94 9.3 39.6

 5 ................................................................... 12.58 3.7 37.9 12.98 3.6 38.9 11.68 4.1 35.6

 6 ................................................................... 14.69 3.2 37.7 14.68 3.2 39.3 14.74 8.2 34.0

 7 ................................................................... 17.59 2.9 38.7 17.56 3.7 39.3 17.66 4.4 37.3

 8 ................................................................... 18.32 3.4 39.4 19.36 3.5 39.6 16.17 5.1 38.9

 9 ................................................................... 22.26 3.5 39.8 22.62 4.1 39.9 20.70 .8 39.2

10 ................................................................... 24.54 4.4 39.6 25.48 3.0 39.6 – – –

11 ................................................................... 34.86 7.7 39.4 35.53 7.2 39.3 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 19.24 8.6 35.5 18.64 10.2 38.4 22.48 15.2 25.1

Executive, administrative, and managerial ............... 27.00 .9 40.1 27.86 .8 40.5 23.95 1.9 38.6

 4 ................................................................... 9.54 5.5 39.7 9.81 5.5 41.8 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.61 1.6 39.5 13.69 1.8 39.8 13.23 3.5 38.0

 6 ................................................................... 14.44 1.5 39.8 14.87 1.3 40.1 13.46 3.5 39.3

 7 ................................................................... 16.68 1.2 39.7 16.83 1.4 40.1 16.24 1.4 38.8

 8 ................................................................... 18.17 1.2 40.0 18.31 1.2 40.4 17.69 2.6 38.7

 9 ................................................................... 22.37 .8 40.0 22.60 .7 40.3 21.53 2.4 39.0

10 ................................................................... 25.87 1.7 40.2 26.31 1.8 40.5 24.64 3.3 39.3

11 ................................................................... 28.88 .9 40.3 29.03 .9 40.7 28.46 2.5 39.4

12 ................................................................... 35.09 1.1 40.7 35.47 1.3 41.0 33.06 2.5 39.5

13 ................................................................... 44.30 2.2 40.7 45.75 1.2 40.9 38.08 9.5 39.6

14 ................................................................... 55.95 2.2 41.3 57.24 2.3 41.6 45.10 5.3 38.6

15 ................................................................... 80.25 6.0 41.2 80.30 6.1 41.2 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 35.14 4.8 37.2 37.72 5.9 39.9 27.71 3.8 31.1

Executives, administrators, and managers ............ 30.85 1.0 40.4 31.73 1.0 40.9 27.64 1.8 38.5

 4 ................................................................... 8.36 16.6 33.1 – – – – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.56 3.7 39.8 12.66 4.2 40.6 11.88 5.7 35.4

See footnotes at end of table.
49

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Executive, administrative, and managerial

–Continued

Executives, administrators, and managers

–Continued

 6 ................................................................... $13.95 2.8 40.7 $14.17 3.3 41.0 $13.22 4.8 39.7

 7 ................................................................... 16.28 3.4 40.1 16.24 4.3 40.8 16.40 3.3 38.2

 8 ................................................................... 17.96 1.7 40.6 18.14 1.5 41.0 17.25 5.6 39.0

 9 ................................................................... 22.89 .9 40.4 22.94 1.0 40.7 22.68 2.1 39.0

10 ................................................................... 26.77 2.0 40.4 27.12 2.2 40.6 25.62 3.7 39.9

11 ................................................................... 29.44 .9 40.5 29.58 1.0 41.0 29.11 1.9 39.4

12 ................................................................... 35.28 1.2 40.9 35.65 1.3 41.2 33.51 2.5 39.5

13 ................................................................... 43.98 2.3 40.7 45.45 1.2 41.0 38.21 9.7 39.6

14 ................................................................... 56.74 2.3 41.3 58.18 2.4 41.6 45.32 5.3 38.6

15 ................................................................... 81.25 6.0 41.2 81.31 6.1 41.2 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 38.43 6.2 36.8 41.87 7.5 40.2 29.10 4.4 30.0

Legislators ......................................................... 16.21 15.1 13.7 – – – 16.21 15.1 13.7

Not able to be leveled .................................... 16.21 15.1 13.7 – – – 16.21 15.1 13.7

Chief executives and general administrators,

public administration ........................................ 51.16 20.5 40.4 – – – 36.72 8.3 40.5

12 ................................................................... 34.82 11.0 41.8 – – – 30.20 2.6 42.3

Administrators and officials, public

administration .................................................. 24.87 2.6 38.9 27.19 18.1 39.2 24.83 2.6 38.9

 6 ................................................................... 13.00 7.7 40.0 – – – 13.24 8.5 40.0

 7 ................................................................... 16.02 5.3 37.6 – – – 15.95 5.4 37.5

 8 ................................................................... 16.03 9.7 39.4 – – – 15.85 9.5 39.4

 9 ................................................................... 22.20 2.8 38.9 – – – 22.21 2.8 38.9

10 ................................................................... 23.64 6.7 40.6 – – – 23.64 6.7 40.6

11 ................................................................... 25.97 4.0 39.1 – – – 26.06 4.1 39.0

12 ................................................................... 31.17 2.6 39.1 – – – 31.30 2.7 39.2

13 ................................................................... 31.48 12.6 39.5 – – – 31.48 12.6 39.5

14 ................................................................... 38.91 10.2 38.2 – – – 38.20 10.2 38.2

Not able to be leveled .................................... 32.77 3.8 37.2 – – – 32.20 3.4 37.2

Financial managers ........................................... 32.44 2.3 40.4 32.35 2.5 40.5 33.40 4.1 39.6

 5 ................................................................... 13.11 12.5 43.0 13.11 12.5 43.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 13.76 7.1 39.3 13.76 7.1 39.3 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.44 4.4 40.2 16.44 4.5 40.2 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 18.08 3.1 39.4 18.03 3.1 39.4 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 22.30 2.3 40.0 22.33 2.3 40.1 21.75 8.5 39.8

10 ................................................................... 27.28 2.6 40.6 27.58 2.6 40.7 – – –

11 ................................................................... 30.16 2.4 40.8 30.37 2.5 41.0 28.63 6.9 39.5

12 ................................................................... 35.03 2.5 40.5 35.57 2.6 40.6 29.33 3.5 39.6

13 ................................................................... 44.92 3.9 40.1 43.50 3.4 40.2 – – –

14 ................................................................... 62.56 8.0 41.2 63.10 8.1 41.5 – – –

15 ................................................................... 84.87 6.9 40.0 84.87 6.9 40.0 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 39.88 13.6 40.5 39.86 13.6 40.5 – – –

Personnel and labor relations managers ........... 31.39 3.3 40.8 31.51 3.7 40.9 30.37 5.7 40.1

 7 ................................................................... 15.49 5.5 40.3 15.66 6.0 40.3 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 17.61 3.5 40.3 17.69 3.6 40.6 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 21.65 2.7 40.2 21.41 2.6 40.2 23.56 10.2 40.3

10 ................................................................... 28.39 4.4 40.1 27.93 5.0 40.1 – – –

11 ................................................................... 29.60 3.9 42.1 28.43 3.8 42.4 36.27 4.8 40.1

12 ................................................................... 35.72 2.8 40.4 36.23 2.9 40.3 30.88 7.2 41.0

13 ................................................................... 46.09 3.7 43.0 46.94 3.9 43.7 – – –

14 ................................................................... 63.74 5.8 38.9 64.40 5.7 38.5 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 36.75 9.2 40.5 36.75 9.2 40.5 – – –

Purchasing managers ........................................ 29.43 4.1 41.0 29.82 4.2 41.1 24.01 13.4 39.6

 7 ................................................................... 15.30 2.5 40.0 – – – – – –

 8 ................................................................... 15.55 8.9 43.3 15.57 10.4 43.9 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 21.84 3.8 40.6 22.05 3.9 40.7 – – –

10 ................................................................... 32.68 2.6 40.0 32.68 2.6 40.0 – – –

11 ................................................................... 29.25 2.4 40.2 29.16 2.9 40.3 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
50

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Executive, administrative, and managerial

–Continued

Executives, administrators, and managers

–Continued

Purchasing managers –Continued

12 ................................................................... $34.80 3.5 42.2 $34.89 3.5 42.3 – – –

13 ................................................................... 45.82 3.9 40.0 45.82 3.9 40.0 – – –

14 ................................................................... 56.20 7.4 40.0 – – – – – –

Managers, marketing, advertising, and public

relations ........................................................... 34.87 2.0 41.0 34.94 2.0 41.0 $26.21 9.2 39.6

 7 ................................................................... 16.72 4.5 40.0 16.25 4.3 40.0 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 17.49 4.4 40.3 17.51 4.5 40.4 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 24.44 2.6 40.5 24.44 2.6 40.5 – – –

10 ................................................................... 27.07 5.8 40.9 27.07 5.8 40.9 – – –

11 ................................................................... 31.10 5.5 40.9 31.15 5.5 40.9 – – –

12 ................................................................... 38.61 2.2 41.0 38.65 2.2 41.1 – – –

13 ................................................................... 43.54 2.1 41.6 43.54 2.1 41.6 – – –

14 ................................................................... 55.03 6.0 42.6 55.03 6.0 42.6 – – –

15 ................................................................... 69.00 10.9 40.0 69.00 10.9 40.0 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 38.90 9.5 41.3 38.90 9.5 41.3 – – –

Administrators, education and related fields ...... 30.10 1.9 39.0 24.81 3.9 38.9 31.67 2.1 39.1

 6 ................................................................... 13.94 13.1 34.1 11.96 8.0 32.8 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 15.77 4.6 35.9 14.15 3.4 36.3 18.61 6.9 35.2

 8 ................................................................... 18.09 4.4 38.5 15.42 4.0 39.3 20.96 5.1 37.7

 9 ................................................................... 24.38 5.6 38.4 21.41 2.0 37.3 25.50 8.0 38.8

10 ................................................................... 27.92 4.2 39.3 19.80 7.4 40.2 29.58 4.3 39.2

11 ................................................................... 30.17 2.1 39.3 23.22 3.9 39.3 31.14 2.2 39.3

12 ................................................................... 34.63 3.8 39.3 31.71 6.1 40.4 35.21 4.2 39.1

13 ................................................................... 39.50 4.0 39.0 39.37 8.6 38.5 39.54 4.5 39.2

14 ................................................................... 48.33 7.1 43.5 49.90 12.2 45.2 46.80 5.2 41.9

Not able to be leveled .................................... 36.38 12.6 39.8 – – – 37.28 13.1 39.9

Managers, medicine and health ......................... 28.57 2.3 39.5 29.12 2.4 39.4 26.09 7.7 39.6

 5 ................................................................... 14.71 15.7 33.5 – – – – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.54 9.5 39.7 16.68 11.3 39.6 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 17.45 6.8 39.4 18.79 2.9 39.5 13.88 15.2 39.3

 9 ................................................................... 22.08 2.3 39.1 22.34 2.8 39.0 21.00 1.9 39.5

10 ................................................................... 24.87 3.3 40.1 24.99 3.4 40.1 22.63 5.4 38.9

11 ................................................................... 26.88 2.4 39.6 27.35 2.4 39.6 24.23 3.1 39.7

12 ................................................................... 33.11 2.3 39.4 33.53 2.4 39.2 31.57 6.4 40.2

13 ................................................................... 43.45 3.8 38.6 42.56 4.6 38.6 47.95 13.2 38.4

14 ................................................................... 51.03 9.0 41.8 49.72 11.0 42.4 56.09 4.5 39.6

Not able to be leveled .................................... 46.14 19.1 40.2 52.87 20.6 40.1 – – –

Managers, food servicing and lodging

establishments ................................................. 16.93 3.2 43.0 16.96 3.5 43.5 16.61 9.6 38.9

 5 ................................................................... 10.69 5.2 42.0 10.50 5.9 42.8 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 12.82 3.6 42.5 12.78 4.8 43.4 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 14.33 4.1 42.6 13.89 2.6 43.2 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 14.85 4.1 43.8 14.82 4.2 44.0 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 19.44 4.6 44.3 19.10 4.6 44.5 – – –

10 ................................................................... 23.88 6.5 43.0 23.80 6.7 43.6 – – –

11 ................................................................... 28.51 6.8 42.9 28.51 6.8 42.9 – – –

12 ................................................................... 28.31 10.3 40.2 27.81 11.3 40.6 – – –

Managers, properties and real estate ................ 25.79 8.5 40.4 26.48 9.2 40.6 21.24 5.8 39.2

 7 ................................................................... 12.63 5.8 40.6 – – – – – –

 8 ................................................................... 20.00 10.1 40.0 20.12 10.1 40.0 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 21.05 5.4 39.9 21.36 8.4 39.8 – – –

11 ................................................................... 29.74 8.9 39.8 30.07 9.6 40.0 – – –

12 ................................................................... 43.71 8.5 40.6 45.73 7.0 41.4 – – –

Managers, service organizations, n.e.c. ............ 24.44 5.0 39.6 25.57 4.9 39.9 18.51 4.9 38.2

 5 ................................................................... 10.59 5.3 35.2 11.39 4.1 36.9 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 11.45 5.0 39.0 11.35 8.7 39.5 11.57 4.1 38.4

See footnotes at end of table.
51

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Executive, administrative, and managerial

–Continued

Executives, administrators, and managers

–Continued

Managers, service organizations, n.e.c.

–Continued

 7 ................................................................... $13.56 3.1 41.3 $13.87 3.9 42.2 $12.53 3.8 38.5

 8 ................................................................... 16.77 4.1 39.7 16.66 4.8 39.7 17.52 2.3 39.3

 9 ................................................................... 21.86 5.6 38.8 23.18 6.5 39.4 18.41 6.0 37.4

10 ................................................................... 20.46 7.3 40.6 19.83 10.1 40.9 22.06 5.5 40.0

11 ................................................................... 25.41 5.3 39.4 25.24 6.4 39.5 26.17 6.9 38.8

12 ................................................................... – – – – – – 27.65 2.9 40.0

13 ................................................................... 49.62 11.7 36.8 49.62 11.7 36.8 – – –

14 ................................................................... 61.36 7.8 36.7 61.95 7.9 36.6 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 47.88 34.4 37.0 47.88 34.4 37.0 – – –

Managers and administrators, n.e.c. ................. 33.00 1.3 41.2 33.42 1.4 41.3 27.23 4.4 39.4

 5 ................................................................... 14.15 5.9 41.2 14.19 6.1 41.3 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.96 6.0 42.1 16.12 6.1 42.2 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.72 6.2 40.7 17.71 7.0 40.9 17.77 9.0 39.4

 8 ................................................................... 19.70 2.5 41.2 19.89 2.6 41.4 18.28 7.4 39.7

 9 ................................................................... 23.43 1.3 41.2 23.54 1.4 41.3 22.08 4.2 39.8

10 ................................................................... 27.84 3.3 40.4 27.99 3.3 40.5 21.58 3.4 38.6

11 ................................................................... 30.16 1.1 41.3 30.24 1.2 41.4 29.28 4.1 40.5

12 ................................................................... 35.85 1.5 41.7 35.93 1.6 41.8 34.41 2.0 40.4

13 ................................................................... 46.40 1.7 41.4 46.83 1.8 41.4 37.56 3.3 41.8

14 ................................................................... 57.61 2.6 41.4 57.92 2.7 41.7 51.52 3.8 36.6

15 ................................................................... 79.71 7.6 41.8 79.77 7.7 41.8 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 40.43 11.0 39.6 42.11 11.3 40.1 22.98 13.4 34.4

Management related .............................................. 20.97 1.0 39.6 21.69 .9 39.8 18.51 2.0 38.8

 4 ................................................................... 9.89 6.6 42.3 9.89 6.6 42.3 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.88 1.6 39.4 13.98 1.7 39.6 13.48 4.0 38.5

 6 ................................................................... 14.57 1.7 39.6 15.09 1.4 39.8 13.50 4.0 39.3

 7 ................................................................... 16.89 1.6 39.5 17.14 2.0 39.7 16.16 1.7 39.0

 8 ................................................................... 18.31 2.7 39.6 18.42 3.6 40.0 17.93 2.3 38.6

 9 ................................................................... 21.75 1.2 39.6 22.18 .8 39.8 20.28 3.5 39.0

10 ................................................................... 24.15 2.5 39.7 24.55 2.3 40.2 23.30 5.6 38.6

11 ................................................................... 27.11 2.9 39.8 27.58 3.0 39.8 24.44 5.3 39.5

12 ................................................................... 33.82 3.3 39.9 34.43 3.4 39.8 26.68 2.8 40.7

13 ................................................................... 47.56 5.9 40.1 48.25 5.7 40.1 – – –

14 ................................................................... 44.64 5.4 41.0 44.99 5.6 41.1 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 26.92 8.3 38.0 27.91 9.8 39.0 23.54 8.4 35.0

Accountants and auditors .................................. 19.74 2.5 39.5 20.19 2.9 39.7 17.79 3.2 38.9

 5 ................................................................... 14.45 2.7 39.5 14.43 2.4 39.7 14.51 9.0 38.5

 6 ................................................................... 15.13 4.5 39.8 15.87 3.3 39.9 13.73 7.9 39.7

 7 ................................................................... 16.84 1.5 39.4 16.92 1.6 39.5 16.35 3.3 39.1

 8 ................................................................... 16.48 6.5 39.7 16.39 7.6 39.7 16.95 2.1 39.8

 9 ................................................................... 20.68 1.8 39.5 20.96 1.2 39.8 19.66 5.8 38.2

10 ................................................................... 24.24 3.5 39.6 24.24 4.4 39.9 24.23 4.5 38.5

11 ................................................................... 26.35 2.6 39.3 26.35 2.7 39.4 26.37 5.2 38.2

12 ................................................................... 34.69 4.0 39.5 35.61 3.6 39.5 – – –

13 ................................................................... 43.47 15.2 39.5 48.63 10.0 39.4 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 25.54 9.4 42.1 26.23 10.9 42.6 – – –

Underwriters ...................................................... 23.28 10.7 39.5 23.28 10.7 39.5 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.51 6.1 38.6 13.51 6.1 38.6 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.53 4.6 40.0 14.53 4.6 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.39 7.4 38.7 16.39 7.4 38.7 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 18.29 3.9 40.7 18.29 3.9 40.7 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 23.18 4.5 39.2 23.18 4.5 39.2 – – –

10 ................................................................... 20.60 5.2 39.2 20.60 5.2 39.2 – – –

11 ................................................................... 26.01 3.9 41.3 26.01 3.9 41.3 – – –

12 ................................................................... 35.70 12.7 38.9 35.70 12.7 38.9 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
52

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Executive, administrative, and managerial

–Continued

Management related –Continued

Other financial officers ....................................... $23.54 2.9 39.8 $23.71 3.2 40.0 $22.05 6.4 38.4

 5 ................................................................... 13.57 4.4 39.4 13.63 4.6 39.4 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.76 3.5 39.7 14.75 3.5 39.7 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.42 2.2 39.8 16.27 2.5 39.9 17.41 3.5 38.7

 8 ................................................................... 19.37 4.1 39.7 19.73 4.5 39.7 16.74 5.5 39.4

 9 ................................................................... 21.66 2.2 39.9 21.70 2.4 40.0 21.27 5.0 39.2

10 ................................................................... 24.13 4.6 38.8 23.02 6.4 41.8 – – –

11 ................................................................... 26.06 3.6 40.0 26.07 3.7 40.0 – – –

12 ................................................................... 33.88 10.1 40.2 35.15 11.3 40.0 – – –

13 ................................................................... 49.09 14.3 39.7 49.09 14.3 39.7 – – –

14 ................................................................... 51.48 8.9 41.9 51.48 8.9 41.9 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 32.49 30.7 40.0 32.56 30.7 40.0 – – –

Management analysts ........................................ 23.65 3.6 39.9 24.75 2.5 40.1 19.62 6.2 39.2

 5 ................................................................... 18.24 6.6 40.0 18.24 6.6 40.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.90 4.8 39.4 14.77 5.1 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.91 4.2 40.1 16.92 4.6 40.2 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 21.90 5.4 39.8 22.08 5.3 40.0 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 23.31 2.5 40.0 23.75 2.4 40.1 20.85 9.0 39.7

10 ................................................................... 21.26 12.2 40.1 26.43 4.4 41.1 17.29 5.6 39.4

11 ................................................................... 24.92 9.6 39.7 29.85 4.2 39.9 20.98 7.7 39.5

12 ................................................................... 34.34 3.6 39.0 34.41 3.7 39.1 – – –

13 ................................................................... 44.04 2.8 43.8 44.04 2.8 43.8 – – –

14 ................................................................... 45.36 4.0 44.1 45.36 4.0 44.1 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 26.93 15.9 39.0 26.93 15.9 39.0 – – –

Personnel, training, and labor relations

specialists ........................................................ 19.96 1.6 39.7 20.57 1.8 39.9 17.71 2.9 39.1

 5 ................................................................... 13.26 5.2 39.6 13.16 6.4 39.8 13.65 7.1 38.8

 6 ................................................................... 14.19 3.6 39.4 14.64 3.9 39.5 13.54 6.0 39.2

 7 ................................................................... 16.17 3.0 39.6 16.26 3.7 40.1 15.96 4.8 38.5

 8 ................................................................... 17.97 3.3 40.2 18.16 3.8 40.3 16.71 3.4 39.5

 9 ................................................................... 22.27 1.8 39.7 22.84 1.9 39.6 20.08 3.8 40.0

10 ................................................................... 24.75 2.6 39.7 24.89 1.6 39.8 24.48 7.0 39.5

11 ................................................................... 26.56 3.4 39.9 26.65 3.6 39.9 – – –

12 ................................................................... 32.14 3.1 38.7 32.62 2.9 38.6 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 21.83 11.4 37.7 22.48 11.9 39.7 – – –

Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products .. 19.68 4.8 39.9 20.13 4.4 39.9 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 22.20 3.1 39.9 22.34 3.1 39.9 – – –

Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm

products ........................................................... 23.08 7.5 40.6 23.11 7.7 40.6 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.18 6.3 40.6 13.18 6.3 40.6 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 13.62 5.6 40.2 13.58 5.7 40.2 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.65 6.6 39.6 17.65 6.6 39.6 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 30.32 31.6 41.4 30.64 31.9 41.4 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 24.06 4.7 41.0 24.09 4.7 41.0 – – –

11 ................................................................... 25.66 3.2 40.8 25.62 3.6 40.9 – – –

Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c. ............... 20.05 4.0 39.9 21.22 2.4 39.9 14.74 9.7 39.9

 5 ................................................................... 13.99 4.7 39.7 13.99 4.7 39.7 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 12.70 11.0 40.2 14.71 5.6 40.4 11.14 13.5 40.0

 7 ................................................................... 16.95 4.1 39.6 17.61 3.0 39.5 13.68 2.1 39.9

 8 ................................................................... 17.85 2.6 40.1 17.77 2.9 40.2 18.21 5.5 40.0

 9 ................................................................... 20.22 5.9 40.1 21.77 2.2 40.2 16.31 10.2 39.9

10 ................................................................... 26.80 8.1 39.2 27.00 8.2 39.1 – – –

11 ................................................................... 29.40 9.4 40.0 29.41 9.5 40.0 – – –

12 ................................................................... 31.78 5.4 39.9 31.78 5.4 39.9 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 21.02 12.3 40.0 21.02 12.3 40.0 – – –

Business and promotional agents ...................... 18.58 7.8 39.6 19.93 8.4 39.5 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 18.48 4.9 39.6 19.12 5.4 39.4 – – –

Construction inspectors ..................................... 19.54 3.9 39.4 21.34 8.2 40.9 19.01 4.5 38.9

See footnotes at end of table.
53

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Executive, administrative, and managerial

–Continued

Management related –Continued

Construction inspectors –Continued

 5 ................................................................... $14.49 8.9 40.0 – – – $13.96 13.0 40.0

 6 ................................................................... 14.61 4.8 40.5 – – – 15.25 5.5 39.6

 7 ................................................................... 17.98 3.9 39.8 $20.63 7.1 41.8 17.41 4.1 39.4

 8 ................................................................... 20.57 7.7 38.0 – – – 19.18 7.2 37.6

 9 ................................................................... 23.16 4.3 39.5 – – – 23.47 4.2 39.3

Inspectors and compliance officers, except

construction ..................................................... 18.70 3.2 39.1 21.42 4.2 40.3 17.40 4.1 38.5

 5 ................................................................... 13.56 6.3 40.7 – – – 13.68 8.2 39.3

 6 ................................................................... 13.76 4.5 39.9 15.66 6.6 39.7 13.17 3.2 40.0

 7 ................................................................... 15.43 3.3 38.6 16.18 5.6 39.8 15.18 4.0 38.3

 8 ................................................................... 17.60 3.8 38.0 17.86 5.8 40.1 17.56 4.4 37.6

 9 ................................................................... 21.59 2.7 39.3 23.73 3.2 39.2 19.79 3.6 39.4

10 ................................................................... 21.68 10.2 42.5 20.18 12.7 44.2 – – –

11 ................................................................... 25.83 3.9 39.9 26.73 8.5 40.5 25.39 3.9 39.6

Management related, n.e.c. ............................... 21.37 1.1 39.3 21.89 1.3 39.6 19.78 2.7 38.5

 5 ................................................................... 13.15 2.3 38.8 13.41 2.7 39.2 12.18 3.6 37.1

 6 ................................................................... 15.06 2.5 38.9 15.26 2.6 39.4 14.31 5.9 37.2

 7 ................................................................... 17.58 4.4 39.6 18.01 5.4 39.6 16.48 3.0 39.4

 8 ................................................................... 18.74 2.1 39.4 18.66 1.8 39.8 18.93 5.4 38.3

 9 ................................................................... 22.19 1.2 39.3 22.44 1.4 39.5 21.41 2.6 38.5

10 ................................................................... 24.85 2.0 39.6 24.83 2.7 39.4 24.90 2.9 40.0

11 ................................................................... 29.43 4.4 39.6 30.05 4.9 39.6 26.94 3.6 39.8

12 ................................................................... 33.14 2.8 40.5 33.25 2.9 40.5 – – –

14 ................................................................... 38.53 5.8 40.4 39.72 6.5 40.4 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 23.57 4.9 37.4 23.49 5.3 38.1 23.73 9.8 36.2

Sales ............................................................................. 12.78 3.5 33.0 12.80 3.5 33.0 11.13 4.7 33.1

 1 ................................................................... 6.20 .9 25.5 6.20 .9 25.5 6.32 6.2 24.1

 2 ................................................................... 6.90 1.4 26.1 6.88 1.5 26.1 8.72 12.6 26.9

 3 ................................................................... 8.05 1.8 31.6 8.02 1.8 31.5 10.24 7.9 33.4

 4 ................................................................... 10.16 1.6 34.4 10.15 1.6 34.3 11.40 4.7 39.4

 5 ................................................................... 13.76 2.1 38.7 13.77 2.1 38.6 12.81 9.0 39.9

 6 ................................................................... 16.48 2.7 41.0 16.50 2.7 41.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 19.90 5.9 41.2 19.98 5.9 41.2 14.90 4.7 40.0

 8 ................................................................... 21.30 2.5 40.4 21.32 2.5 40.5 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 26.98 5.2 41.1 27.03 5.2 41.1 – – –

10 ................................................................... 27.97 5.2 40.5 28.05 5.2 40.5 – – –

11 ................................................................... 35.95 4.5 41.4 36.06 4.5 41.5 – – –

12 ................................................................... 49.57 8.2 40.4 49.57 8.2 40.4 – – –

13 ................................................................... 109.40 21.4 41.4 109.40 21.4 41.4 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 19.75 9.4 36.4 19.75 9.4 36.4 – – –

Supervisors, sales ............................................. 18.23 2.3 40.8 18.27 2.3 40.8 13.99 6.2 36.6

 3 ................................................................... 8.16 7.2 38.4 8.16 7.2 38.4 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 9.32 3.2 37.3 9.31 3.2 37.3 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.36 1.8 41.3 12.31 1.9 41.3 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 16.52 8.7 41.7 16.53 8.7 41.7 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.80 4.4 41.5 16.79 4.5 41.5 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 18.42 2.5 41.4 18.46 2.6 41.6 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 23.37 5.1 42.2 23.39 5.1 42.2 – – –

10 ................................................................... 28.80 6.8 41.4 28.80 6.8 41.4 – – –

11 ................................................................... 30.15 4.6 42.2 30.15 4.6 42.2 – – –

12 ................................................................... 38.06 5.0 42.0 38.06 5.0 42.0 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 23.92 14.2 39.7 23.92 14.2 39.7 – – –

Insurance sales .................................................. 22.44 9.0 36.9 23.00 9.3 36.6 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.12 6.5 37.0 11.12 6.5 37.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.41 5.4 34.2 13.41 5.4 34.2 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.92 23.6 44.9 14.92 23.6 44.9 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
54

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Sales –Continued

Insurance sales –Continued

 7 ................................................................... $19.19 14.6 38.5 $23.13 10.0 37.4 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 23.40 14.6 39.9 23.40 14.6 39.9 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 26.10 10.8 39.2 26.10 10.8 39.2 – – –

10 ................................................................... 26.76 11.6 39.0 28.23 12.7 38.8 – – –

11 ................................................................... 41.18 22.6 39.6 41.18 22.6 39.6 – – –

Real estate sales ............................................... 33.95 21.9 40.3 35.37 22.1 40.5 $18.25 14.8 38.2

 4 ................................................................... 9.34 2.8 36.5 9.37 2.9 36.2 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 17.64 24.3 39.0 – – – – – –

 7 ................................................................... 22.85 17.4 39.0 23.03 17.7 39.0 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 29.24 17.5 40.5 29.54 17.9 40.5 – – –

Securities and financial services sales .............. 34.66 11.8 38.8 34.66 11.8 38.8 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.29 3.5 37.9 10.29 3.5 37.9 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.49 4.5 39.2 12.49 4.5 39.2 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 13.73 4.1 39.7 13.73 4.1 39.7 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 40.15 40.2 39.5 40.15 40.2 39.5 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 52.04 35.2 39.7 52.04 35.2 39.7 – – –

10 ................................................................... 40.05 22.5 42.0 40.05 22.5 42.0 – – –

11 ................................................................... 50.92 13.8 41.8 50.92 13.8 41.8 – – –

12 ................................................................... 55.98 10.8 39.9 55.98 10.8 39.9 – – –

Advertising and related sales ............................. 17.87 9.3 37.8 17.86 9.3 37.8 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 8.77 6.7 31.3 8.77 6.7 31.3 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 11.97 12.1 37.3 11.97 12.1 37.3 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.85 5.6 38.9 14.86 5.6 38.9 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 21.66 11.0 40.0 21.66 11.0 40.0 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 21.37 5.5 40.3 21.37 5.5 40.3 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 24.97 12.9 40.2 25.58 13.5 40.2 – – –

10 ................................................................... 26.87 6.2 39.4 26.87 6.2 39.4 – – –

11 ................................................................... 31.70 11.9 40.1 31.70 11.9 40.1 – – –

12 ................................................................... 44.97 12.9 38.4 44.97 12.9 38.4 – – –

Sales, other business services .......................... 19.44 8.7 36.6 19.48 8.7 36.6 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 10.05 8.1 36.7 10.05 8.1 36.7 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 10.20 8.0 26.2 10.20 8.0 26.2 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.53 9.0 34.4 11.53 9.0 34.4 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.99 4.1 39.0 14.15 4.0 39.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 16.40 4.1 39.9 16.40 4.1 39.9 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 19.66 4.8 40.7 19.66 4.8 40.7 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 24.01 8.6 40.4 24.02 8.7 40.4 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 26.65 5.7 40.2 26.65 5.7 40.2 – – –

10 ................................................................... 26.06 10.0 40.3 26.06 10.0 40.3 – – –

11 ................................................................... 40.93 13.3 38.9 40.93 13.3 38.9 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 15.03 18.3 31.5 15.03 18.3 31.5 – – –

Sales engineers ................................................. 27.60 5.5 41.5 27.60 5.5 41.5 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 19.49 11.8 40.9 19.49 11.8 40.9 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 28.14 3.2 40.0 28.14 3.2 40.0 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 22.32 3.6 43.0 22.32 3.6 43.0 – – –

10 ................................................................... 29.03 7.9 40.0 29.03 7.9 40.0 – – –

11 ................................................................... 31.64 9.8 41.4 31.64 9.8 41.4 – – –

Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing,

and wholesale .................................................. 23.54 3.3 41.0 23.54 3.3 41.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 13.98 11.2 41.2 13.98 11.2 41.2 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 18.17 13.2 41.5 18.17 13.2 41.5 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 18.84 8.4 40.5 18.84 8.4 40.5 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 19.97 6.0 42.0 19.97 6.0 42.0 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 23.88 6.9 40.8 23.88 6.9 40.8 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 28.47 4.8 40.9 28.47 4.8 40.9 – – –

10 ................................................................... 25.63 12.7 39.8 25.63 12.7 39.8 – – –

11 ................................................................... 34.52 3.8 41.1 34.52 3.8 41.1 – – –

12 ................................................................... 41.55 3.9 41.0 41.55 3.9 41.0 – – –

Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats .......... 16.89 3.6 44.0 16.89 3.6 44.0 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
55

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Sales –Continued

Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats

–Continued

 2 ................................................................... $13.12 6.6 30.1 $13.12 6.6 30.1 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 14.82 4.9 43.4 14.82 4.9 43.4 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 15.56 6.3 45.7 15.56 6.3 45.7 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 15.02 4.3 44.7 15.02 4.3 44.7 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 19.95 10.7 44.3 19.95 10.7 44.3 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 18.40 6.9 41.7 18.40 6.9 41.7 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 22.40 8.1 42.3 22.40 8.1 42.3 – – –

Sales workers, apparel ...................................... 8.10 3.9 26.4 8.10 3.9 26.4 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 6.52 2.3 32.2 6.52 2.3 32.2 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 7.90 4.5 25.0 7.90 4.5 25.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 9.55 10.8 23.6 9.55 10.8 23.6 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 18.12 14.1 32.3 18.12 14.1 32.3 – – –

Sales workers, shoes ......................................... 10.03 10.1 28.9 10.03 10.1 28.9 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 10.11 16.4 24.5 10.11 16.4 24.5 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.99 12.4 38.4 10.99 12.4 38.4 – – –

Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings .. 10.29 9.3 30.2 10.29 9.3 30.2 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 6.30 10.6 23.1 6.30 10.6 23.1 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 7.00 4.4 37.1 7.00 4.4 37.1 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 6.97 7.3 25.0 6.97 7.3 25.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 13.44 8.2 35.5 13.44 8.2 35.5 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 14.85 10.5 37.4 14.85 10.5 37.4 – – –

Sales workers, radio, tv, hi-fi, and appliances ... 11.14 6.3 37.2 11.14 6.3 37.2 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 6.34 3.3 32.5 6.34 3.3 32.5 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 7.45 7.7 40.3 7.45 7.7 40.3 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.31 11.2 36.5 9.31 11.2 36.5 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 14.03 9.7 34.1 14.03 9.7 34.1 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 14.21 9.4 42.1 14.21 9.4 42.1 – – –

Sales workers, hardware and building supplies 10.56 5.9 37.2 10.56 5.9 37.2 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 6.73 4.7 31.2 6.73 4.7 31.2 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 7.20 2.9 35.7 7.20 2.9 35.7 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.01 3.6 37.3 10.01 3.6 37.3 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.42 3.6 41.2 12.42 3.6 41.2 – – –

Sales workers, parts .......................................... 14.10 6.2 39.0 14.10 6.2 39.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 8.47 7.5 32.6 8.47 7.5 32.6 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 13.53 5.5 40.7 13.53 5.5 40.7 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 17.73 10.2 40.1 17.73 10.2 40.1 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 17.41 5.4 40.0 17.41 5.4 40.0 – – –

Sales workers, other commodities ..................... 10.05 4.3 30.3 10.06 4.3 30.3 $8.35 14.2 31.1

 1 ................................................................... 6.15 2.6 25.3 6.16 2.6 25.3 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 6.89 2.3 26.1 6.89 2.3 26.1 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 7.84 2.5 29.6 7.83 2.6 29.5 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 8.24 1.9 31.4 8.23 1.9 31.4 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 17.34 8.4 42.5 17.34 8.4 42.5 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 20.75 9.2 40.1 20.82 9.2 40.1 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 24.63 12.9 39.9 24.63 12.9 39.9 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 36.50 20.4 40.9 36.50 20.4 40.9 – – –

11 ................................................................... 36.05 10.2 41.3 36.05 10.2 41.3 – – –

Sales counter clerks .......................................... 7.88 3.1 28.9 7.86 3.1 29.0 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 5.70 1.9 23.8 5.70 1.9 23.8 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 6.86 5.6 26.2 6.86 5.6 26.4 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 7.62 4.4 29.7 7.62 4.4 29.7 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.32 4.6 35.3 10.29 4.7 35.3 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 11.17 6.9 39.7 11.23 7.6 39.6 – – –

Cashiers ............................................................. 7.63 1.7 30.0 7.57 1.8 30.0 10.00 5.6 32.1

 1 ................................................................... 6.15 .7 25.4 6.14 .7 25.4 6.52 6.7 25.0

 2 ................................................................... 6.83 2.4 25.5 6.79 2.4 25.4 8.81 12.9 28.7

 3 ................................................................... 7.84 2.0 33.4 7.77 2.3 33.4 10.45 8.0 33.2

 4 ................................................................... 10.45 2.7 34.1 10.42 2.8 33.9 11.23 5.7 39.2

See footnotes at end of table.
56

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Sales –Continued

Cashiers –Continued

 5 ................................................................... $13.10 5.8 35.1 $12.79 6.5 34.6 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.05 2.8 35.7 15.05 2.8 35.7 – – –

Street and door-to-door sales workers .............. 15.71 23.8 27.8 15.71 23.8 27.8 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 9.58 5.1 33.1 9.58 5.1 33.1 – – –

News vendors .................................................... 7.09 8.0 16.7 7.09 8.0 16.7 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 6.67 10.3 20.6 6.67 10.3 20.6 – – –

Demonstrators, promoters, and models, sales .. 8.70 6.5 22.3 8.70 6.5 22.3 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 6.37 4.1 19.0 6.38 4.1 19.1 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 6.93 1.0 17.6 6.93 1.0 17.6 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 7.86 11.5 24.8 7.86 11.5 24.8 – – –

Sales support, n.e.c. .......................................... 11.55 5.5 36.5 11.55 5.5 36.5 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 6.49 3.9 27.2 6.49 3.9 27.2 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 6.73 3.2 29.2 6.73 3.2 29.2 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 7.44 8.4 34.3 7.44 8.4 34.3 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 9.70 6.3 37.5 9.70 6.3 37.5 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.77 4.4 39.4 12.76 4.4 39.4 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 13.53 4.7 40.6 13.53 4.7 40.6 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.88 7.9 41.6 17.88 7.9 41.6 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 18.16 4.3 39.9 18.16 4.3 39.9 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 23.52 6.6 38.0 23.52 6.6 38.0 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 13.62 13.7 35.4 13.62 13.7 35.4 – – –

Administrative support, including clerical ................ 11.53 .6 36.9 11.54 .7 37.1 $11.50 0.9 36.3

 1 ................................................................... 6.97 1.6 29.4 6.94 1.9 29.6 7.08 2.8 28.2

 2 ................................................................... 8.46 1.1 34.0 8.50 1.3 34.3 8.29 1.2 32.7

 3 ................................................................... 9.33 .7 35.7 9.24 .7 35.9 9.61 1.3 35.3

 4 ................................................................... 11.04 .8 37.8 11.04 .9 37.9 11.02 1.1 37.2

 5 ................................................................... 12.93 .7 38.5 12.92 .8 38.8 12.97 1.1 37.6

 6 ................................................................... 14.22 .6 38.9 14.48 .7 39.2 13.44 1.1 38.2

 7 ................................................................... 16.55 .8 39.2 16.71 .7 39.2 16.03 2.0 38.9

 8 ................................................................... 18.33 2.3 39.8 18.71 2.1 39.8 16.58 5.9 39.5

 9 ................................................................... 20.96 2.1 39.6 20.97 2.4 39.6 20.89 3.1 39.6

10 ................................................................... 24.41 3.7 39.9 24.41 3.7 39.9 – – –

11 ................................................................... 30.58 7.6 38.0 30.89 8.0 38.2 – – –

12 ................................................................... 29.51 4.0 40.1 – – – – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 13.53 3.1 36.4 12.82 3.4 36.8 14.83 5.8 35.7

Supervisors, general office ................................ 15.95 1.5 39.6 16.13 1.8 39.7 15.55 2.4 39.3

 4 ................................................................... 10.03 6.3 39.5 9.78 6.8 39.5 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.15 4.4 39.5 12.77 4.8 39.7 14.46 8.0 39.0

 6 ................................................................... 13.66 2.8 39.7 13.68 3.3 39.9 13.62 5.1 39.4

 7 ................................................................... 15.81 1.9 39.5 15.54 2.3 39.8 16.13 3.0 39.3

 8 ................................................................... 16.79 3.4 39.7 17.45 2.3 39.8 15.20 5.2 39.6

 9 ................................................................... 20.54 2.7 40.0 20.52 3.1 39.9 20.61 2.9 40.6

11 ................................................................... 24.92 10.8 37.6 24.71 12.7 38.2 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 16.94 10.0 38.6 18.18 11.2 38.4 – – –

Supervisors, computer equipment operators ..... 20.73 4.7 39.6 20.37 6.1 39.8 21.91 3.1 39.0

 5 ................................................................... 17.64 8.2 39.4 17.64 8.2 39.4 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 17.43 3.3 38.1 17.46 3.3 38.1 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 19.59 6.7 40.4 19.59 6.7 40.4 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 18.01 10.3 39.2 17.93 12.4 39.3 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 21.88 6.7 40.4 21.54 10.9 41.0 – – –

Supervisors, financial records processing ......... 17.47 1.9 39.6 17.63 2.0 39.8 15.72 5.1 38.4

 5 ................................................................... 14.56 3.2 40.1 14.58 3.4 40.1 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.32 3.3 40.0 14.46 3.2 39.9 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.40 2.7 39.4 16.65 2.6 39.5 14.12 6.4 38.4

 8 ................................................................... 17.55 2.2 40.0 17.45 2.3 40.3 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 21.28 3.9 39.4 21.72 4.1 39.6 – – –

10 ................................................................... 23.98 5.4 39.0 23.98 5.4 39.0 – – –

11 ................................................................... 30.79 5.5 38.9 30.79 5.5 38.9 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
57

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Administrative support, including clerical

–Continued

Chief communications operators ....................... $16.65 6.3 40.5 $18.09 7.3 40.5 $15.04 8.8 40.4

 6 ................................................................... 12.55 9.3 41.1 – – – – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.64 4.7 40.0 16.89 5.5 40.0 – – –

Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and

adjusting clerks ................................................ 16.90 3.1 40.3 17.03 3.4 40.6 15.94 8.9 38.6

 4 ................................................................... 11.23 3.1 38.1 – – – – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.93 5.6 40.7 13.07 5.9 41.2 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.77 4.3 40.3 14.61 4.6 41.3 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 15.88 3.3 40.6 15.83 3.3 40.6 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 20.04 5.3 40.7 20.37 5.6 40.8 18.84 10.6 40.0

 9 ................................................................... 21.41 3.5 40.0 21.39 3.6 40.0 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 13.46 8.4 40.0 13.26 8.6 40.0 – – –

Computer operators ........................................... 13.23 2.4 39.0 13.58 1.9 39.1 12.13 5.7 38.6

 3 ................................................................... 9.47 7.6 37.1 10.48 9.2 40.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.64 2.7 38.5 11.72 2.8 38.5 10.51 5.4 38.2

 5 ................................................................... 13.21 2.8 39.5 13.34 2.6 39.6 12.80 8.1 39.5

 6 ................................................................... 14.00 5.3 39.8 14.71 4.9 39.7 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 14.95 7.2 38.7 15.84 5.9 38.6 13.38 12.3 38.8

Not able to be leveled .................................... 15.96 14.5 39.8 – – – – – –

Peripheral equipment operators ........................ 10.44 5.2 39.0 10.08 5.0 39.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 8.89 2.5 38.8 8.88 2.5 38.8 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.49 4.5 38.9 11.27 5.5 38.6 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 14.37 3.9 39.4 – – – – – –

Secretaries ......................................................... 12.83 .9 38.1 13.20 .9 38.0 12.09 1.6 38.3

 2 ................................................................... 8.01 3.6 35.5 8.21 4.1 35.8 7.73 4.9 35.2

 3 ................................................................... 9.59 1.4 36.8 9.49 1.7 36.8 9.79 2.4 36.8

 4 ................................................................... 11.41 1.1 38.0 11.61 1.1 37.5 11.07 2.1 38.8

 5 ................................................................... 13.15 1.1 38.4 13.26 1.2 38.4 12.90 2.6 38.2

 6 ................................................................... 14.73 1.3 38.7 15.41 1.3 38.7 13.16 2.1 38.6

 7 ................................................................... 16.83 1.2 38.8 17.07 1.4 38.8 16.02 1.6 39.0

 8 ................................................................... 20.63 3.2 38.3 20.62 3.3 38.3 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 15.08 3.2 38.3 15.02 7.3 38.1 15.11 3.5 38.4

Stenographers ................................................... 13.70 3.7 35.7 12.16 3.0 35.5 15.87 6.5 35.9

 2 ................................................................... 9.34 10.9 35.1 – – – – – –

 3 ................................................................... 10.86 9.8 37.2 10.58 10.1 36.1 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 12.69 4.2 35.7 11.91 4.4 34.8 13.81 7.1 37.1

 5 ................................................................... 13.54 5.7 34.0 11.61 3.2 35.2 15.84 10.3 32.6

 6 ................................................................... 15.09 5.8 37.3 14.43 6.6 37.4 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 25.93 12.3 38.1 – – – 29.14 11.9 37.9

Typists ............................................................... 11.46 1.9 37.1 11.96 2.5 36.6 11.02 2.4 37.5

 2 ................................................................... 8.98 3.8 35.4 8.21 3.5 34.2 9.76 4.8 36.7

 3 ................................................................... 10.88 2.7 36.2 11.15 5.0 35.3 10.73 3.1 36.8

 4 ................................................................... 11.35 3.2 37.6 11.96 2.9 37.9 10.59 5.3 37.3

 5 ................................................................... 13.41 2.5 38.1 14.17 5.6 36.6 12.90 1.8 39.2

 6 ................................................................... 15.04 5.4 38.3 16.39 6.8 37.5 13.32 3.5 39.5

 7 ................................................................... 14.50 8.3 37.4 15.05 10.2 37.4 – – –

Interviewers ....................................................... 9.48 2.0 32.8 9.34 2.1 32.0 10.21 5.3 38.0

 1 ................................................................... 6.83 3.2 23.7 6.99 2.3 22.5 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.19 3.1 31.9 8.41 3.2 31.1 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.19 2.9 33.4 9.13 3.1 33.0 9.84 3.4 39.7

 4 ................................................................... 10.08 3.6 32.3 9.73 3.1 31.7 11.63 7.7 35.4

 5 ................................................................... 11.10 3.3 37.6 11.02 5.5 36.1 11.18 3.8 39.4

 6 ................................................................... 12.56 7.7 38.8 12.56 7.7 38.8 – – –

Hotel clerks ........................................................ 7.85 3.4 36.6 7.85 3.4 36.6 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 6.61 3.3 36.7 6.61 3.3 36.7 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 7.51 2.7 35.6 7.51 2.7 35.6 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 9.00 6.8 38.5 9.00 6.8 38.5 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 9.26 3.0 39.7 9.27 3.1 39.7 – – –

Transportation ticket and reservation agents ..... 11.64 7.3 36.3 11.52 7.4 36.2 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
58

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Administrative support, including clerical

–Continued

Transportation ticket and reservation agents

–Continued

 2 ................................................................... $8.80 4.9 35.8 $8.80 4.9 35.8 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 8.99 11.9 36.1 8.29 10.0 35.8 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.36 10.7 35.5 11.34 10.7 35.5 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 14.78 5.7 37.4 14.78 5.7 37.4 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 16.36 3.6 39.3 16.36 3.6 39.3 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 18.33 3.0 38.2 18.33 3.0 38.2 – – –

Receptionists ..................................................... 8.93 1.1 34.9 8.89 1.1 34.9 $9.44 4.3 34.8

 1 ................................................................... 6.86 3.1 29.9 6.87 3.1 30.1 6.72 3.7 25.8

 2 ................................................................... 8.13 1.5 33.8 8.14 1.5 33.8 8.02 4.4 33.5

 3 ................................................................... 8.97 1.6 35.6 8.91 1.7 35.6 9.90 6.3 36.4

 4 ................................................................... 10.35 1.8 37.5 10.24 1.9 37.6 11.54 5.6 36.5

 5 ................................................................... 12.66 5.9 35.4 12.71 6.0 35.3 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.00 9.6 40.0 14.77 9.0 40.0 – – –

Information clerks, n.e.c. .................................... 11.13 3.5 35.5 11.06 3.9 35.5 11.75 5.7 36.1

 1 ................................................................... 6.71 8.2 16.3 6.61 8.4 15.6 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.02 4.5 33.0 7.99 4.6 32.9 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.15 2.2 33.8 9.11 1.9 33.8 9.54 15.6 33.7

 4 ................................................................... 11.01 2.3 38.4 11.01 2.5 38.2 10.99 2.9 39.7

 5 ................................................................... 12.32 4.0 37.1 12.36 4.6 37.0 11.99 8.4 38.3

 6 ................................................................... 13.80 3.4 37.1 13.22 3.9 36.8 15.38 4.9 38.0

 7 ................................................................... 17.73 7.6 34.8 18.18 7.9 35.9 – – –

Classified ad clerks ............................................ 9.35 13.6 36.1 9.34 14.6 36.2 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 12.23 6.1 33.8 12.23 6.1 33.8 – – –

Correspondence clerks ...................................... 10.78 5.3 38.4 10.80 5.4 38.4 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.87 9.7 35.4 8.87 9.7 35.4 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.84 6.9 39.3 9.98 7.2 39.3 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 9.61 6.9 38.9 9.59 6.9 38.9 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.87 3.8 38.2 12.87 3.8 38.2 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 12.64 8.0 39.5 12.64 8.0 39.5 – – –

Order clerks ....................................................... 11.42 1.7 37.8 11.38 1.7 37.7 14.65 7.7 38.4

 1 ................................................................... 7.55 14.1 36.8 7.55 14.1 36.8 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 7.90 3.5 32.7 7.90 3.5 32.7 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.53 1.5 35.7 9.51 1.5 35.7 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.39 2.4 38.9 11.36 2.4 38.9 16.14 8.2 39.6

 5 ................................................................... 13.45 1.9 39.7 13.42 1.9 39.7 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.23 6.7 39.8 14.18 6.8 39.8 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 18.00 3.4 39.5 17.99 3.4 39.5 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 11.07 15.6 40.0 11.07 15.6 40.0 – – –

Personnel clerks, except payroll and

timekeeping ..................................................... 12.12 2.1 37.9 11.93 2.4 38.4 12.82 4.7 36.1

 2 ................................................................... 7.78 3.7 32.7 7.67 3.6 32.8 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 8.30 2.4 38.6 8.42 2.5 38.4 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.67 1.7 36.9 10.61 1.9 38.2 10.89 5.4 32.4

 5 ................................................................... 12.29 3.0 39.1 12.22 3.4 39.0 12.75 3.8 39.4

 6 ................................................................... 15.22 3.4 39.3 15.25 4.2 39.2 15.12 4.1 39.7

 7 ................................................................... 16.06 3.8 39.5 16.67 5.0 39.2 15.33 2.7 39.8

Library clerks ..................................................... 10.08 2.2 30.0 11.74 4.9 32.6 9.68 2.1 29.5

 1 ................................................................... 6.28 2.3 17.3 6.68 5.3 20.2 6.22 2.4 17.0

 2 ................................................................... 8.57 4.4 26.7 9.27 9.9 26.4 8.40 4.6 26.8

 3 ................................................................... 9.54 2.6 31.9 10.30 5.2 32.2 9.42 2.8 31.8

 4 ................................................................... 10.28 3.8 33.4 11.07 4.6 33.8 10.14 4.3 33.3

 5 ................................................................... 11.76 5.0 33.1 13.66 7.2 36.7 11.25 5.4 32.2

 6 ................................................................... 13.53 4.0 37.0 13.37 5.6 37.7 13.71 5.4 36.3

 7 ................................................................... 16.35 10.0 32.0 – – – 12.50 6.6 24.5

File clerks ........................................................... 8.60 2.0 35.1 8.49 2.1 35.0 9.49 5.6 36.0

 1 ................................................................... 7.01 5.7 30.4 7.06 5.9 30.6 6.00 5.9 27.1

 2 ................................................................... 7.64 2.2 35.9 7.64 2.3 36.1 7.65 5.9 33.6

See footnotes at end of table.
59

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Administrative support, including clerical

–Continued

File clerks –Continued

 3 ................................................................... $9.45 3.3 34.6 $9.42 3.5 34.5 $9.89 6.1 35.9

 4 ................................................................... 9.84 3.0 38.4 9.92 3.5 38.5 9.58 10.7 38.3

 5 ................................................................... 12.87 5.9 36.9 – – – – – –

Records clerks, n.e.c. ........................................ 10.65 1.2 37.6 10.57 1.4 37.5 10.90 2.5 37.8

 1 ................................................................... 6.56 5.6 34.0 6.62 7.1 33.7 6.32 5.6 35.0

 2 ................................................................... 7.37 4.7 35.9 7.08 4.0 35.4 8.64 10.4 38.0

 3 ................................................................... 9.07 1.6 36.4 9.11 2.0 36.3 8.93 4.0 36.8

 4 ................................................................... 11.21 2.0 38.5 11.18 2.1 38.6 11.29 4.4 38.1

 5 ................................................................... 12.56 1.9 38.7 12.62 2.3 38.9 12.34 2.5 37.9

 6 ................................................................... 13.71 3.6 38.7 14.51 3.8 38.8 12.43 5.8 38.5

 7 ................................................................... 14.65 2.5 38.1 15.39 3.3 38.6 13.32 3.4 37.2

Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ... 11.32 .9 38.3 11.24 1.1 38.3 11.75 1.7 38.2

 1 ................................................................... 7.11 2.4 22.4 7.16 2.6 21.2 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.29 2.2 35.3 8.30 2.3 35.2 8.15 9.5 38.9

 3 ................................................................... 9.22 1.5 37.3 9.23 1.7 37.2 9.15 2.0 37.9

 4 ................................................................... 10.70 1.1 38.8 10.66 2.1 38.8 10.94 2.4 38.7

 5 ................................................................... 12.64 1.3 38.3 12.37 1.3 38.8 13.72 3.3 36.3

 6 ................................................................... 13.68 1.6 39.1 13.75 1.9 39.2 13.38 3.4 38.5

 7 ................................................................... 16.22 1.9 39.3 16.34 2.3 39.3 15.73 3.3 39.5

Not able to be leveled .................................... 11.21 5.4 36.6 11.22 6.8 35.7 – – –

Payroll and timekeeping clerks .......................... 12.35 2.0 38.6 12.27 2.2 38.7 12.99 4.6 38.2

 2 ................................................................... 9.84 15.6 33.2 9.84 15.6 33.2 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.81 4.0 36.3 9.82 4.1 37.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.57 3.6 38.8 11.53 4.0 38.8 11.84 6.7 39.0

 5 ................................................................... 12.68 2.9 39.8 12.67 3.3 39.8 12.74 2.3 39.9

 6 ................................................................... 14.44 3.1 39.8 14.32 3.3 39.9 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.38 5.2 40.3 17.32 5.9 40.9 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 11.05 8.4 35.5 11.05 8.4 35.5 – – –

Billing clerks ....................................................... 10.65 1.7 37.9 10.65 1.8 38.1 10.67 7.0 36.2

 2 ................................................................... 8.47 5.0 38.2 8.98 4.3 37.7 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.59 3.7 37.1 9.52 4.0 36.9 10.19 8.0 39.0

 4 ................................................................... 10.59 2.3 37.9 10.56 2.4 38.5 11.47 6.6 27.1

 5 ................................................................... 11.99 3.3 38.9 11.86 3.5 38.8 13.00 3.2 39.7

 6 ................................................................... 13.85 3.0 39.4 14.01 3.4 39.3 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.35 3.2 36.6 16.38 3.2 36.6 – – –

Cost and rate clerks ........................................... 11.90 5.8 38.2 11.90 5.8 38.2 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 8.91 5.8 37.4 8.91 5.8 37.4 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.55 5.0 37.7 11.55 5.0 37.7 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.91 4.6 36.7 12.91 4.6 36.7 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.80 4.2 39.6 14.80 4.2 39.6 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.78 2.7 39.8 16.78 2.7 39.8 – – –

Billing, posting, and calculating machine

operators .......................................................... 8.90 4.9 34.9 8.90 4.9 34.9 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 7.64 5.3 31.0 7.64 5.3 31.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 8.91 5.0 34.8 8.92 5.1 34.7 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.51 7.4 35.4 10.51 7.4 35.4 – – –

Duplicating machine operators .......................... 9.30 4.0 36.6 9.61 2.9 35.9 8.20 10.0 39.0

 1 ................................................................... 7.80 3.8 35.5 – – – – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.72 3.7 36.0 – – – – – –

 3 ................................................................... 8.53 6.3 36.3 9.24 3.4 34.3 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.81 2.3 38.8 10.82 2.3 38.9 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 14.95 6.5 38.2 14.95 6.5 38.2 – – –

Mail preparing and paper handling machine

operators .......................................................... 8.86 5.2 33.4 8.86 5.2 33.4 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 7.03 2.4 27.9 7.03 2.4 27.9 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 9.17 9.4 36.5 9.17 9.4 36.5 – – –

Office machine operators, n.e.c. ........................ 8.41 6.0 35.8 8.32 6.1 36.1 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 7.79 2.6 36.6 7.79 2.6 36.6 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
60

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Administrative support, including clerical

–Continued

Office machine operators, n.e.c. –Continued

 2 ................................................................... $7.37 9.8 35.8 $7.37 9.8 35.8 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.11 5.9 32.9 8.87 5.6 33.4 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.28 7.0 39.7 10.30 7.0 39.7 – – –

Telephone operators .......................................... 11.29 3.8 35.8 11.35 4.0 35.7 $10.25 8.1 37.6

 1 ................................................................... 8.14 15.1 33.0 8.14 15.1 33.0 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 11.93 5.5 36.4 12.02 5.5 36.5 8.00 7.3 33.8

 3 ................................................................... 9.33 2.9 33.9 9.42 3.1 33.4 8.29 5.6 40.0

 4 ................................................................... 12.74 4.1 37.3 12.55 4.5 37.0 – – –

Communications equipment operators, n.e.c. ... 9.91 5.2 34.9 9.34 7.5 33.6 10.65 5.9 36.7

Mail clerks, except postal service ...................... 8.88 3.1 36.0 8.93 3.3 35.7 8.40 7.9 39.3

 1 ................................................................... 6.97 4.2 35.5 6.97 4.8 35.0 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.42 2.4 36.4 8.46 2.7 36.1 8.15 2.9 38.9

 3 ................................................................... 9.55 5.1 34.7 9.51 5.4 34.5 10.24 7.4 38.1

 4 ................................................................... 10.15 4.3 38.7 10.02 4.0 38.7 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 14.16 11.1 38.4 14.16 11.1 38.4 – – –

Messengers ....................................................... 10.75 9.6 35.9 10.83 10.0 36.1 9.73 19.0 33.6

 1 ................................................................... 8.17 4.2 33.8 8.23 4.4 33.8 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 7.94 4.6 34.3 8.00 4.7 34.7 7.79 11.2 33.4

 3 ................................................................... 11.06 7.2 37.1 10.41 6.6 37.7 – – –

Dispatchers ........................................................ 12.40 3.4 38.5 11.96 4.1 38.5 12.70 4.8 38.4

 2 ................................................................... 8.93 5.1 35.1 8.44 5.2 34.6 10.05 6.9 36.3

 3 ................................................................... 9.60 5.3 36.5 9.70 4.9 39.3 9.46 10.8 33.2

 4 ................................................................... 10.85 4.3 38.7 11.28 6.4 38.2 10.60 5.4 39.0

 5 ................................................................... 13.25 3.6 39.1 14.44 4.4 38.8 12.89 4.3 39.2

 6 ................................................................... 13.92 5.1 40.4 14.73 6.5 41.8 13.24 5.4 39.3

 7 ................................................................... 18.59 6.8 40.2 17.23 11.5 40.6 19.14 7.8 40.0

Production coordinators ..................................... 14.13 1.7 38.8 14.10 1.7 38.8 16.48 9.5 39.6

 2 ................................................................... 9.07 12.6 19.9 9.07 12.6 19.9 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.83 2.9 38.2 9.83 2.9 38.2 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.95 3.9 38.7 11.97 3.9 38.7 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.60 2.5 40.0 13.61 2.5 40.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.51 3.7 39.4 14.45 3.7 39.4 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.78 3.2 39.9 16.78 3.2 39.9 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 20.81 4.1 40.8 21.08 4.5 40.9 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 16.88 8.9 38.4 16.88 8.9 38.4 – – –

Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ................. 11.30 2.9 37.7 11.27 3.0 37.6 13.30 3.9 38.9

 1 ................................................................... 7.32 6.5 34.9 7.32 6.5 34.9 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.95 3.5 31.1 8.96 3.4 31.1 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.54 2.2 38.8 9.54 2.3 38.8 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.23 2.9 37.7 11.23 2.9 37.7 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.62 3.9 40.0 13.58 4.1 40.1 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.90 7.6 39.2 15.01 8.2 39.1 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.99 3.0 40.2 16.99 3.0 40.2 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 9.57 12.1 40.0 9.57 12.1 40.0 – – –

Stock and inventory clerks ................................. 10.70 1.6 36.3 10.65 1.7 36.1 11.13 3.8 38.5

 1 ................................................................... 6.99 2.1 26.1 6.95 2.3 25.2 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.21 4.2 31.9 8.26 4.7 31.6 7.80 5.5 34.3

 3 ................................................................... 9.53 2.3 36.3 9.55 2.5 36.1 9.22 5.3 39.0

 4 ................................................................... 11.02 1.9 39.1 10.87 2.1 39.1 12.15 5.2 39.4

 5 ................................................................... 12.95 3.1 39.6 12.90 3.3 39.7 13.28 7.2 39.1

 6 ................................................................... 15.03 3.3 39.3 15.07 3.6 39.5 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.67 4.1 39.8 16.92 4.2 39.8 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 13.41 16.0 37.0 13.81 18.4 36.5 – – –

Meter readers .................................................... 14.15 3.8 39.6 14.56 4.7 39.9 13.27 5.4 39.1

 2 ................................................................... 11.55 9.1 40.0 11.60 10.3 40.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 13.47 5.1 38.9 13.86 6.3 39.6 12.81 8.2 37.9

 4 ................................................................... 15.90 4.2 40.0 16.94 2.4 40.0 12.80 7.0 40.0

 5 ................................................................... 14.65 9.0 40.0 – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
61

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Administrative support, including clerical

–Continued

Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers $12.62 5.9 37.3 $12.58 6.2 39.4 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.96 6.8 32.5 9.05 6.8 38.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 14.04 8.6 38.6 14.05 8.9 40.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.49 4.1 40.0 11.49 4.1 40.0 – – –

Expeditors .......................................................... 12.54 3.2 38.3 12.54 3.2 38.3 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.78 15.4 36.5 8.78 15.4 36.5 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.31 5.2 38.3 9.31 5.2 38.3 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.74 6.9 38.0 11.75 7.0 38.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.91 4.8 40.0 12.93 4.9 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.63 5.7 39.7 17.63 5.7 39.7 – – –

Material recording, scheduling, and distribution

clerks, n.e.c. ..................................................... 12.34 3.8 37.4 12.32 3.9 37.3 $13.35 7.7 39.1

 1 ................................................................... 6.95 7.9 32.2 6.95 7.9 32.2 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 7.72 5.4 35.8 7.72 5.4 35.8 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 10.22 6.0 38.4 10.16 6.1 38.4 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.13 3.4 34.6 10.01 3.6 34.4 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.60 3.8 39.9 13.52 3.8 39.9 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 16.68 8.2 40.0 16.70 8.5 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 18.45 4.2 39.8 18.45 4.2 39.8 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 12.55 9.9 30.0 12.55 9.9 30.0 – – –

Insurance adjusters, examiners, and

investigators ..................................................... 14.54 2.9 38.9 14.56 3.0 38.9 13.61 7.3 40.0

 2 ................................................................... 8.51 4.2 34.3 8.51 4.2 34.3 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 10.02 2.5 37.9 9.99 2.6 37.9 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.20 3.0 39.1 11.20 3.0 39.1 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.42 3.2 39.1 12.38 3.3 39.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 13.88 2.9 39.4 13.88 2.9 39.4 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.78 4.6 39.3 17.77 4.7 39.3 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 20.83 5.4 38.4 20.83 5.4 38.4 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 21.11 3.5 37.4 21.25 3.6 37.3 – – –

11 ................................................................... 38.64 13.8 37.4 38.64 13.8 37.4 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 13.60 11.0 38.6 13.60 11.0 38.6 – – –

Investigators and adjusters, except insurance ... 11.77 2.6 37.4 11.70 2.7 37.4 13.93 6.6 38.2

 2 ................................................................... 8.02 4.7 33.9 8.02 4.7 33.9 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.02 2.3 34.7 9.02 2.3 34.7 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.06 3.5 38.6 11.05 3.5 38.5 11.08 9.8 39.1

 5 ................................................................... 13.62 6.3 38.5 13.60 6.6 38.4 14.06 11.1 40.0

 6 ................................................................... 14.27 2.1 39.6 14.25 2.2 39.6 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.08 2.8 39.7 15.93 3.0 39.6 16.99 8.5 40.0

 8 ................................................................... 17.89 6.0 39.9 17.89 6.0 39.9 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 13.27 8.5 37.4 13.27 8.5 37.4 – – –

Eligibility clerks, social welfare ........................... 12.59 1.9 38.5 11.06 4.3 38.4 13.07 2.0 38.5

 3 ................................................................... 8.96 5.1 37.2 9.46 10.5 34.8 8.66 3.6 38.9

 4 ................................................................... 11.14 3.5 38.8 11.24 6.3 38.6 11.07 3.8 38.9

 5 ................................................................... 12.77 6.0 39.1 10.62 8.0 39.6 13.66 7.6 38.9

 6 ................................................................... 13.27 2.3 38.7 – – – 13.35 2.1 38.7

 7 ................................................................... 14.27 3.9 38.8 – – – 14.61 3.6 39.5

Bill and account collectors ................................. 10.41 5.7 38.6 10.33 5.9 38.6 12.45 4.2 39.9

 2 ................................................................... 8.50 5.3 38.8 8.50 5.3 38.8 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.31 2.5 38.1 9.30 2.5 38.1 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 9.25 10.6 38.1 9.22 10.7 38.1 11.35 9.5 40.0

 5 ................................................................... 11.49 2.7 39.5 11.38 2.9 39.5 12.93 3.9 39.8

 6 ................................................................... 12.90 3.7 39.9 13.16 3.7 39.9 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 13.82 4.6 39.9 13.74 4.7 39.9 – – –

General office clerks .......................................... 10.74 1.0 36.4 10.61 1.3 36.0 10.98 1.4 37.0

 1 ................................................................... 6.77 2.9 25.6 6.90 2.4 25.4 6.37 9.0 26.1

 2 ................................................................... 8.22 1.4 34.5 8.09 1.7 34.7 8.55 2.4 34.2

 3 ................................................................... 9.41 1.1 36.6 9.31 1.2 36.1 9.58 2.1 37.6

 4 ................................................................... 11.32 1.6 37.5 11.32 2.5 37.3 11.31 1.1 38.0

See footnotes at end of table.
62

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Administrative support, including clerical

–Continued

General office clerks –Continued

 5 ................................................................... $13.00 1.2 38.1 $13.11 1.8 38.3 $12.87 1.8 38.0

 6 ................................................................... 14.30 2.4 39.3 14.94 2.7 39.6 13.48 4.1 39.0

 7 ................................................................... 15.71 2.0 39.2 15.96 2.4 39.4 15.13 3.4 39.0

Not able to be leveled .................................... 14.10 7.3 35.8 12.95 12.5 37.0 15.17 5.1 34.8

Bank tellers ........................................................ 8.63 1.8 32.4 8.63 1.8 32.4 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 7.39 1.7 32.1 7.39 1.7 32.1 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 7.85 1.6 31.0 7.85 1.6 31.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 8.23 2.9 30.6 8.23 2.9 30.6 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 9.11 3.7 35.2 9.11 3.7 35.2 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 10.84 4.5 39.0 10.84 4.5 39.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 11.34 2.5 40.0 11.34 2.5 40.0 – – –

Proofreaders ...................................................... 12.18 13.4 38.0 10.32 6.2 37.5 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.04 5.8 34.8 10.04 5.8 34.8 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.20 8.2 39.7 – – – – – –

Data entry keyers ............................................... 9.76 1.4 37.1 9.48 1.6 36.7 10.95 3.0 38.9

 1 ................................................................... 7.54 7.2 39.4 6.67 3.5 39.4 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.42 1.9 35.4 8.26 1.8 35.1 9.94 7.3 38.6

 3 ................................................................... 9.78 2.2 36.8 9.45 2.4 36.5 11.17 3.7 38.1

 4 ................................................................... 10.92 2.7 39.0 10.78 3.2 38.8 11.45 6.1 39.7

 5 ................................................................... 11.75 4.9 39.7 11.96 6.0 39.5 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.08 3.6 39.9 15.29 3.6 39.9 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 15.59 5.3 39.4 15.57 6.8 40.0 – – –

Statistical clerks ................................................. 11.42 4.3 37.0 11.90 4.9 36.7 9.53 2.7 38.6

 2 ................................................................... 8.44 7.4 32.2 8.25 7.1 31.8 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 8.25 5.3 36.4 8.19 6.2 35.9 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 12.64 7.1 37.9 13.64 6.1 37.5 9.26 3.8 39.5

 5 ................................................................... 11.97 6.9 38.6 13.38 2.4 37.8 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 12.38 5.6 39.6 12.38 5.6 39.6 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.50 7.0 39.1 16.58 7.7 39.6 – – –

Teachers’ aides ................................................. 9.09 1.7 30.6 7.98 3.8 31.2 9.15 1.8 30.6

 1 ................................................................... 7.11 3.0 28.8 – – – 7.31 3.3 29.3

 2 ................................................................... 7.92 1.3 30.6 7.42 6.3 27.1 7.94 1.3 30.7

 3 ................................................................... 9.02 2.4 31.7 7.95 3.3 28.7 9.03 2.4 31.8

 4 ................................................................... 9.78 2.7 30.1 8.02 3.5 34.3 10.04 2.6 29.6

 5 ................................................................... 13.54 4.8 29.3 10.11 20.1 39.1 13.83 4.4 28.7

 6 ................................................................... 12.09 8.0 27.3 10.01 8.7 31.0 12.33 8.5 27.0

Administrative support, n.e.c. ............................ 11.44 1.6 36.6 11.19 2.0 36.6 12.24 2.8 36.7

 1 ................................................................... 5.86 4.2 26.3 5.76 4.2 26.9 7.19 3.8 20.4

 2 ................................................................... 8.55 4.7 33.3 8.47 5.8 33.8 8.93 4.4 31.0

 3 ................................................................... 8.99 2.7 35.6 8.80 2.9 36.1 9.76 4.4 33.6

 4 ................................................................... 10.85 1.3 37.8 10.94 1.3 37.6 10.55 3.5 38.6

 5 ................................................................... 12.30 1.7 38.7 12.24 2.3 38.8 12.45 2.6 38.6

 6 ................................................................... 14.19 2.1 38.7 14.23 2.4 38.6 14.07 4.6 39.0

 7 ................................................................... 16.44 2.7 39.3 16.44 3.6 39.4 16.47 3.2 39.0

 8 ................................................................... 15.92 2.7 37.5 15.97 3.0 37.7 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 13.91 7.9 35.7 11.97 5.4 35.7 17.59 19.4 35.6

Blue collar ........................................................................ 12.36 .8 38.3 12.24 .8 38.4 13.78 1.2 37.3

 1 ................................................................... 7.38 1.5 34.4 7.34 1.6 34.3 8.64 3.5 35.2

 2 ................................................................... 8.55 1.2 37.6 8.49 1.2 37.7 9.78 2.3 34.4

 3 ................................................................... 11.06 1.4 38.4 11.07 1.7 38.8 11.01 2.1 33.9

 4 ................................................................... 12.16 1.1 39.1 12.13 1.2 39.3 12.54 2.6 36.8

 5 ................................................................... 13.64 .7 40.0 13.64 .8 40.1 13.67 1.5 38.3

 6 ................................................................... 15.48 .9 40.2 15.61 1.0 40.3 14.37 3.1 39.5

 7 ................................................................... 18.04 .6 39.9 18.17 .7 40.0 17.18 1.8 39.5

 8 ................................................................... 20.22 1.1 40.5 20.22 1.2 40.5 20.17 3.6 39.8

 9 ................................................................... 22.46 1.2 40.5 22.51 1.3 40.5 21.80 3.6 39.9

10 ................................................................... 28.83 5.3 42.2 28.96 5.4 42.3 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
63

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

11 ................................................................... $29.98 1.9 39.3 $29.92 2.4 39.7 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 14.36 6.0 38.5 14.59 5.8 38.6 $13.20 23.1 38.0

Precision production, craft, and repair ...................... 15.86 1.2 39.8 15.88 1.3 39.8 15.71 1.6 39.6

 1 ................................................................... 8.25 5.8 39.2 8.25 5.8 39.3 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.10 2.2 37.9 8.07 3.0 37.8 8.63 6.2 40.0

 3 ................................................................... 9.57 1.4 39.4 9.51 1.5 39.3 10.33 3.4 39.7

 4 ................................................................... 11.79 2.0 39.5 11.83 2.1 39.5 11.32 3.8 39.3

 5 ................................................................... 13.74 1.4 39.8 13.79 1.5 39.8 13.39 2.2 39.5

 6 ................................................................... 15.72 1.3 40.0 15.86 1.4 40.1 14.58 3.0 39.6

 7 ................................................................... 18.29 .7 39.9 18.47 .7 39.9 17.21 1.9 39.8

 8 ................................................................... 20.51 1.2 40.2 20.52 1.2 40.3 20.37 3.9 39.7

 9 ................................................................... 22.47 1.4 40.4 22.48 1.4 40.4 22.32 4.3 39.8

10 ................................................................... 29.00 5.4 42.1 29.12 5.5 42.2 – – –

11 ................................................................... 29.98 1.9 39.3 29.92 2.4 39.7 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 19.59 5.7 39.6 19.37 6.1 39.7 21.33 23.0 39.6

Supervisors, mechanics and repairers .............. 21.57 1.9 40.5 21.87 2.1 40.6 19.62 4.1 39.9

 5 ................................................................... 15.46 9.3 40.0 15.35 10.2 40.2 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.62 10.6 42.9 13.50 8.1 44.4 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 19.59 2.9 40.0 20.09 3.2 40.0 17.62 5.5 39.9

 8 ................................................................... 21.89 3.6 40.2 22.04 3.8 40.3 20.46 5.0 39.9

 9 ................................................................... 23.73 2.8 40.9 23.73 2.9 40.9 23.82 7.1 40.0

10 ................................................................... 36.44 8.5 40.3 36.44 8.5 40.3 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 26.43 4.9 40.0 26.43 4.9 40.0 – – –

Automobile mechanics ....................................... 16.62 3.2 40.6 16.51 3.4 40.9 17.02 8.1 39.7

 4 ................................................................... 14.09 10.1 42.3 14.59 8.5 42.5 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.07 4.1 40.8 13.20 4.7 40.9 12.20 5.7 40.0

 6 ................................................................... 18.43 11.9 40.4 18.87 13.5 40.6 16.13 5.4 39.0

 7 ................................................................... 17.89 3.5 40.5 17.69 3.4 40.8 18.44 8.4 39.8

 8 ................................................................... 16.93 6.7 40.6 16.57 7.6 41.0 – – –

Automobile mechanic apprentices ..................... 9.97 7.5 38.4 9.65 8.8 38.2 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 7.89 7.0 40.0 7.84 7.3 40.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 9.87 8.9 34.8 9.39 11.5 33.5 – – –

Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics .... 15.04 2.6 40.1 14.91 2.5 40.2 15.68 4.7 39.8

 4 ................................................................... 10.56 6.4 40.0 10.22 5.7 40.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.20 3.8 40.0 11.91 3.7 40.0 15.01 9.2 39.9

 6 ................................................................... 13.39 3.1 40.5 12.92 3.2 40.8 15.65 7.1 39.2

 7 ................................................................... 17.11 1.9 40.0 17.09 2.3 40.1 17.20 2.3 39.9

 8 ................................................................... 18.41 11.3 41.3 – – – – – –

Aircraft engine mechanics ................................. 21.07 4.0 40.0 21.12 4.0 40.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 16.19 7.8 40.0 16.19 7.8 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 22.47 3.8 40.0 22.47 3.8 40.0 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 22.07 12.6 40.0 22.07 12.6 40.0 – – –

Small engine repairs .......................................... 12.31 7.5 37.5 12.37 10.7 36.3 12.21 6.0 40.0

Automobile body and related repairers .............. 15.25 4.6 40.5 15.24 4.7 40.5 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.94 10.1 39.9 13.94 10.1 39.9 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.02 7.2 40.8 15.01 7.4 40.9 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.79 9.2 40.6 16.78 9.3 40.6 – – –

Aircraft mechanics, except engine ..................... 17.93 5.0 40.1 17.93 5.0 40.1 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.91 11.1 40.0 12.91 11.1 40.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 16.88 4.5 40.0 16.88 4.5 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 19.22 3.0 40.0 19.22 3.0 40.0 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 21.32 5.0 40.4 21.32 5.0 40.4 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 19.73 6.8 40.0 19.73 6.8 40.0 – – –

Heavy equipment mechanics ............................. 16.24 3.3 40.0 16.39 4.0 40.1 15.69 6.0 40.0

 5 ................................................................... 11.51 2.3 40.2 11.74 2.6 40.2 10.63 5.3 40.0

 6 ................................................................... 14.19 4.5 40.0 14.41 5.1 40.0 13.89 8.5 40.0

 7 ................................................................... 18.11 2.4 40.1 18.21 3.0 40.1 17.74 4.0 40.0

 8 ................................................................... 20.18 2.8 40.0 19.98 2.4 40.0 – – –

Industrial machinery repairers ........................... 16.06 1.7 39.9 16.05 1.7 39.9 17.12 7.7 39.9

 3 ................................................................... 9.78 4.1 40.0 9.59 3.4 40.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.26 6.5 40.2 11.26 6.5 40.2 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
64

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Precision production, craft, and repair –Continued

Industrial machinery repairers –Continued

 5 ................................................................... $13.15 2.2 40.0 $13.13 2.2 40.0 $13.89 8.2 40.0

 6 ................................................................... 15.01 2.0 40.0 15.03 2.0 40.0 13.49 5.4 40.0

 7 ................................................................... 17.57 2.1 39.8 17.53 2.2 39.8 21.63 6.1 39.9

 8 ................................................................... 19.39 3.5 40.1 19.39 3.5 40.1 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 19.89 5.0 40.0 19.89 5.0 40.0 – – –

Machinery maintenance ..................................... 12.72 3.3 40.0 12.73 3.4 40.1 11.74 10.5 36.6

 2 ................................................................... 8.35 5.7 40.0 8.35 5.7 40.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 10.26 12.2 39.7 10.26 12.2 39.7 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.54 8.6 39.9 11.58 8.6 39.9 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.94 6.4 39.9 12.96 6.5 40.1 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.28 6.9 40.7 14.38 7.1 40.7 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.63 5.5 40.3 17.63 5.5 40.3 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 18.01 5.5 40.0 – – – – – –

Electronic repairers, communications and

industrial equipment ......................................... 16.48 3.2 39.2 16.50 3.3 39.4 16.28 6.3 37.1

 2 ................................................................... 8.58 3.6 40.0 8.52 3.9 40.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 8.49 4.5 36.4 8.47 4.8 36.5 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.48 5.3 39.5 10.29 5.0 39.4 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 15.61 6.6 39.2 15.80 6.9 39.3 12.47 4.4 38.0

 6 ................................................................... 15.22 7.7 40.0 15.18 7.9 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 19.38 3.7 39.3 19.47 4.0 39.3 18.56 5.9 39.3

 8 ................................................................... 17.27 3.3 39.8 17.29 3.3 39.8 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 21.65 3.5 40.0 21.65 3.5 40.0 – – –

Data processing equipment repairers ................ 15.42 4.6 37.9 15.58 5.0 37.7 14.10 3.1 40.0

 5 ................................................................... 11.16 7.5 40.0 10.88 7.9 40.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 13.17 3.6 39.4 13.18 4.1 39.3 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.57 5.2 37.4 16.93 5.4 37.0 – – –

Household appliance and power tool repairers 16.44 5.4 38.6 16.44 5.4 38.6 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.88 5.8 39.7 17.88 5.8 39.7 – – –

Telephone line installers and repairers .............. 18.39 4.3 39.8 18.60 4.2 39.7 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.88 7.4 40.0 12.24 7.4 40.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 19.52 4.6 40.1 19.90 3.9 40.1 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 16.10 8.4 40.0 16.10 8.4 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 19.95 1.5 39.0 19.95 1.5 39.0 – – –

Telephone installers and repairers .................... 17.54 4.1 40.0 17.45 4.2 40.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 12.21 9.9 40.0 12.21 9.9 40.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.37 9.3 39.8 14.37 9.3 39.8 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 18.67 2.6 40.0 18.44 2.3 40.0 – – –

Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration

mechanics ........................................................ 15.82 2.7 39.6 16.31 3.3 39.7 14.80 4.5 39.4

 4 ................................................................... 11.44 7.5 40.0 – – – – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.70 5.9 39.6 13.41 6.2 39.4 14.29 11.1 40.0

 6 ................................................................... 15.59 7.2 39.6 16.56 6.7 39.6 12.23 10.6 39.7

 7 ................................................................... 17.69 2.3 39.6 18.94 2.7 39.9 16.01 3.6 39.1

Camera, watch, and musical instrument

repairers ........................................................... 16.08 10.9 40.0 16.08 10.9 40.0 – – –

Locksmiths and safe repairers ........................... 16.97 5.3 40.0 17.65 7.1 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.30 5.0 40.0 18.32 5.8 40.0 – – –

Office machine repairers .................................... 14.57 4.8 39.5 14.34 5.0 39.5 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.17 5.8 39.9 13.17 5.8 39.9 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 13.14 7.8 40.0 12.24 4.0 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.74 6.3 39.3 16.52 6.4 39.2 – – –

Mechanical controls and valve repairers ........... 17.53 4.2 39.3 18.20 4.8 40.0 15.81 5.9 37.8

 5 ................................................................... 15.92 5.7 38.4 16.16 8.5 40.0 15.62 7.3 36.5

 6 ................................................................... 18.61 7.3 40.0 18.71 7.4 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 19.09 5.5 40.0 19.42 7.4 40.0 18.38 7.4 40.0

Elevator installers and repairers ........................ 19.21 22.1 40.0 19.08 22.8 40.0 – – –

Millwrights .......................................................... 18.43 5.9 40.1 18.49 5.9 40.1 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 14.42 9.3 40.0 14.42 9.3 40.0 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
65

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Precision production, craft, and repair –Continued

Millwrights –Continued

 7 ................................................................... $19.73 2.8 40.2 $19.92 2.6 40.2 – – –

Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c. ......................... 15.23 1.6 39.6 15.66 1.8 39.6 $13.68 3.3 39.6

 2 ................................................................... 6.91 4.6 36.4 6.69 4.8 35.9 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.72 2.7 39.7 9.65 3.3 39.6 9.91 4.4 39.9

 4 ................................................................... 11.59 3.9 38.5 12.12 4.5 38.1 10.16 5.5 39.6

 5 ................................................................... 13.20 2.2 39.7 13.31 2.7 39.7 12.87 3.9 39.9

 6 ................................................................... 15.99 1.9 39.8 16.63 2.2 39.9 13.96 4.5 39.7

 7 ................................................................... 17.04 1.6 39.9 17.29 1.7 40.0 16.08 4.3 39.7

 8 ................................................................... 19.71 2.9 39.3 19.64 2.8 39.3 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 21.71 2.9 40.1 21.39 2.5 40.1 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 19.74 8.1 39.4 20.88 9.5 39.3 – – –

Supervisors, brickmasons, stonemasons, and

tilesetters ......................................................... 17.34 11.7 39.8 20.99 10.0 39.4 – – –

Supervisors, carpenters and related workers .... 20.79 5.5 40.5 21.13 5.2 40.5 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 19.18 12.2 40.0 19.18 12.2 40.0 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 19.90 9.5 40.0 21.13 7.5 40.0 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 21.74 7.8 41.3 21.74 7.8 41.3 – – –

Supervisors, electricians and power

transmission installers ..................................... 22.25 5.0 40.0 22.49 5.0 40.0 20.68 19.4 40.0

 7 ................................................................... 20.21 8.4 40.4 21.63 6.1 40.4 14.04 30.4 40.0

 8 ................................................................... 20.15 9.5 40.0 19.88 9.9 40.0 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 26.52 5.6 39.6 26.06 5.5 39.5 29.33 11.5 40.1

Supervisors, painters, paperhangers, and

plasterers ......................................................... 17.97 3.6 40.0 17.79 3.7 40.0 – – –

Supervisors, plumbers, pipefitters, and

steamfitters ...................................................... 21.16 9.6 40.2 20.61 11.6 40.3 22.19 14.6 40.0

 7 ................................................................... 20.30 15.1 39.6 16.25 6.2 39.3 24.69 11.3 40.0

 8 ................................................................... 18.32 9.5 40.4 19.53 8.1 40.0 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 25.57 3.5 39.4 25.75 4.0 40.0 – – –

Supervisors, construction trades, n.e.c. ............. 17.90 3.7 40.5 19.13 2.8 40.8 16.08 7.1 39.9

 5 ................................................................... 13.85 7.6 40.0 – – – 12.70 7.6 39.9

 6 ................................................................... 11.84 9.2 40.6 12.09 6.4 42.0 11.72 13.1 40.0

 7 ................................................................... 16.20 4.1 40.2 17.23 3.3 40.5 14.70 6.1 39.8

 8 ................................................................... 20.91 5.3 41.1 20.52 6.3 41.7 21.88 8.7 39.8

 9 ................................................................... 22.79 3.4 39.7 24.09 2.7 39.5 19.74 8.2 40.1

Brickmasons and stonemasons ......................... 15.52 6.3 40.0 15.75 9.5 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.57 3.4 40.0 17.87 7.0 40.0 – – –

Tile setters, hard and soft .................................. 15.19 4.2 39.0 15.19 4.2 39.0 – – –

Carpet installers ................................................. 20.98 8.1 38.8 21.56 7.2 38.7 – – –

Carpenters ......................................................... 16.31 2.4 39.5 16.28 2.6 39.5 16.49 5.7 39.4

 3 ................................................................... 10.65 9.2 40.0 10.65 9.2 40.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.31 10.0 38.7 11.53 11.0 38.5 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.49 2.5 39.1 13.64 2.6 39.3 12.04 6.8 37.5

 6 ................................................................... 14.27 4.5 39.6 14.35 4.9 39.6 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 18.77 2.0 39.6 19.02 2.2 39.5 17.54 5.4 40.0

 8 ................................................................... 20.01 4.5 39.3 – – – – – –

Carpenter apprentices ....................................... 12.04 4.7 40.0 12.04 4.7 40.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.28 6.1 40.0 11.28 6.1 40.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.56 6.7 40.0 12.56 6.7 40.0 – – –

Drywall installers ................................................ 14.12 3.4 40.1 14.12 3.4 40.1 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.94 3.3 40.0 13.94 3.3 40.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.63 6.4 41.9 14.63 6.4 41.9 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 14.55 6.5 39.8 14.55 6.5 39.8 – – –

Electricians ........................................................ 18.31 2.0 40.0 18.71 2.2 40.0 16.24 2.6 39.8

 4 ................................................................... 11.81 5.4 40.0 11.99 5.9 40.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.30 3.7 39.9 13.33 4.6 40.0 13.21 4.3 39.5

 6 ................................................................... 15.80 3.4 40.0 15.82 3.5 40.0 15.44 10.6 40.0

 7 ................................................................... 19.02 2.5 40.0 19.69 2.7 40.0 16.33 3.5 39.9

 8 ................................................................... 21.73 3.9 39.9 22.05 3.5 39.9 20.23 12.6 39.7

See footnotes at end of table.
66

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Precision production, craft, and repair –Continued

Electricians –Continued

 9 ................................................................... $24.70 6.6 39.9 $24.73 6.8 40.0 – – –

Electrician apprentices ....................................... 12.38 5.2 40.2 11.88 5.3 40.2 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 9.17 9.8 40.0 9.17 9.8 40.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.19 7.8 39.9 9.19 7.8 39.9 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.87 9.9 40.0 11.51 9.9 40.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 15.09 7.3 40.4 14.37 8.7 40.5 – – –

Electrical power installers and repairers ............ 21.02 2.7 40.0 21.20 3.3 40.0 $20.26 4.9 40.0

 5 ................................................................... 18.42 8.7 40.0 19.78 7.2 40.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 18.25 5.1 40.0 18.57 5.6 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 22.60 1.6 40.0 22.68 1.8 40.0 22.30 3.1 40.0

 8 ................................................................... 22.69 2.5 39.8 23.23 2.4 39.8 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 23.71 4.4 40.0 23.43 5.4 40.0 – – –

Painters, construction and maintenance ............ 13.99 5.8 39.6 13.40 7.1 39.7 15.87 6.3 39.4

 3 ................................................................... 9.56 8.4 39.9 9.49 8.5 39.9 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 12.00 7.7 39.6 12.24 8.8 39.5 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.34 4.9 39.4 12.06 6.3 39.5 12.85 8.0 39.0

 6 ................................................................... 18.81 5.2 39.4 19.12 5.4 39.5 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 18.61 6.1 39.7 18.82 10.4 39.8 18.35 4.5 39.5

Plasterers ........................................................... 15.24 24.8 40.0 – – – – – –

Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ............... 18.76 3.0 39.8 19.26 3.2 39.8 16.11 5.0 39.6

 4 ................................................................... 8.98 8.5 40.0 – – – – – –

 5 ................................................................... 15.14 9.8 39.9 15.19 12.5 40.0 15.01 9.0 39.4

 6 ................................................................... 18.02 5.2 40.0 17.53 6.1 40.3 19.99 7.7 38.7

 7 ................................................................... 19.70 2.8 39.7 20.16 2.9 39.6 16.74 4.6 40.0

 8 ................................................................... 21.64 3.5 40.4 21.74 3.5 40.4 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 25.07 7.8 39.1 25.07 7.8 39.1 – – –

Plumber, pipefitter, and steamfitter apprentices 13.33 4.6 40.2 13.16 5.2 40.3 14.51 6.1 40.0

 4 ................................................................... 10.54 2.4 40.0 – – – – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.72 4.2 41.6 12.34 3.8 41.9 – – –

Concrete and terrazzo finishers ......................... 13.31 7.2 39.2 13.11 7.3 39.3 17.31 11.9 38.5

 5 ................................................................... 11.02 2.2 39.4 11.02 2.2 39.4 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.89 5.5 37.6 17.92 5.9 37.5 17.62 13.5 38.3

Glaziers .............................................................. 16.72 6.5 38.5 14.21 7.9 36.8 – – –

Insulation workers .............................................. 12.74 6.1 35.5 12.74 6.2 35.5 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 14.69 4.3 40.0 14.87 4.3 40.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.25 9.9 40.0 15.25 9.9 40.0 – – –

Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment

operators .......................................................... 11.66 19.0 40.1 – – – 12.71 2.7 40.0

 5 ................................................................... 13.58 12.0 40.0 14.30 20.5 40.0 – – –

Roofers .............................................................. 12.54 9.9 34.9 12.47 10.3 34.7 – – –

Sheetmetal duct installers .................................. 16.67 10.2 39.0 16.67 10.2 39.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 19.12 16.1 40.0 19.12 16.1 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 18.78 10.3 37.4 18.78 10.3 37.4 – – –

Structural metal workers .................................... 15.95 7.6 39.5 15.52 7.8 39.4 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 15.09 8.1 36.9 15.09 8.1 36.9 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 18.64 8.2 39.9 18.18 9.7 39.8 – – –

Construction trades, n.e.c. ................................. 14.54 7.1 39.2 16.29 9.2 39.1 12.44 4.1 39.4

 2 ................................................................... 8.69 11.3 40.0 10.06 22.6 40.0 8.04 5.6 40.0

 3 ................................................................... 10.45 6.0 39.5 9.93 11.5 38.9 10.87 4.3 40.0

 4 ................................................................... 11.32 4.3 38.7 10.86 4.4 39.4 11.68 6.5 38.1

 5 ................................................................... 13.47 4.8 38.6 13.39 7.3 36.3 13.50 6.2 39.8

 6 ................................................................... 15.41 5.1 39.4 15.83 6.7 39.9 14.58 4.0 38.6

 7 ................................................................... 20.12 9.4 39.6 20.98 9.2 39.6 14.61 3.3 39.9

Supervisors, extractive ...................................... 21.38 8.3 41.3 21.38 8.3 41.3 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 19.61 8.6 41.3 19.61 8.6 41.3 – – –

Drillers, oil well ................................................... 16.58 2.3 41.3 16.58 2.3 41.3 – – –

Mining machine operators ................................. 18.27 5.6 40.0 18.27 5.6 40.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 18.97 10.5 40.0 18.97 10.5 40.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 17.99 5.0 40.0 17.99 5.0 40.0 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
67

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Precision production, craft, and repair –Continued

Mining machine operators –Continued

 7 ................................................................... $14.54 2.1 40.0 $14.54 2.1 40.0 – – –

Mining, n.e.c. ..................................................... 19.52 3.8 40.1 19.52 3.8 40.1 – – –

Supervisors, production ..................................... 18.41 2.0 40.7 18.47 2.1 40.7 $16.74 7.2 40.0

 4 ................................................................... 10.17 3.6 40.0 10.17 3.6 40.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.58 3.0 40.5 12.58 3.0 40.5 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.35 11.1 40.1 15.63 11.7 40.1 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.31 1.7 40.8 17.40 1.8 40.8 15.05 7.9 40.0

 8 ................................................................... 20.47 2.3 40.7 20.52 2.3 40.7 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 22.47 3.3 41.0 22.36 3.4 41.0 25.69 6.0 39.9

10 ................................................................... 27.61 3.5 41.8 27.64 3.6 41.8 – – –

11 ................................................................... 29.45 5.8 40.1 29.45 5.8 40.1 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 25.75 9.7 39.1 25.75 9.7 39.1 – – –

Tool and die makers .......................................... 18.52 2.2 40.0 18.54 2.2 40.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.14 6.1 41.3 13.14 6.1 41.3 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 16.41 3.9 40.0 16.41 3.9 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 19.31 1.8 39.9 19.34 1.8 39.9 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 19.68 5.7 40.0 19.68 5.7 40.0 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 19.82 2.4 40.0 19.82 2.4 40.0 – – –

Tool and die maker apprentices ........................ 14.46 6.7 39.9 14.46 6.7 39.9 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 14.11 7.8 40.0 14.11 7.8 40.0 – – –

Precision assemblers, metal .............................. 15.51 3.0 40.1 15.51 3.0 40.1 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 15.83 6.2 40.0 15.83 6.2 40.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.48 6.4 40.7 13.48 6.4 40.7 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.32 4.9 40.0 14.32 4.9 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.69 3.7 40.0 17.69 3.7 40.0 – – –

Machinists .......................................................... 15.61 3.7 40.0 15.50 3.7 40.0 19.64 8.8 40.0

 4 ................................................................... 11.71 3.8 40.7 11.71 3.8 40.7 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.67 2.4 40.5 13.67 2.4 40.5 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.80 2.7 40.3 15.78 2.7 40.3 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 15.65 6.2 39.9 15.55 6.3 39.8 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 19.07 3.4 39.9 18.77 3.2 39.9 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 18.87 5.4 40.0 18.87 5.4 40.0 – – –

Machinist apprentices ........................................ 11.55 6.2 40.0 11.55 6.2 40.0 – – –

Boilermakers ...................................................... 17.73 7.8 40.0 17.49 7.8 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 21.39 3.0 40.0 21.39 3.0 40.0 – – –

Precision grinders, filers, and tool sharpeners ... 15.05 8.1 40.3 15.05 8.1 40.3 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 12.43 7.7 41.5 12.43 7.7 41.5 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 14.67 4.6 40.4 14.67 4.6 40.4 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 16.11 2.0 40.0 16.11 2.0 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 19.98 4.0 40.0 19.98 4.0 40.0 – – –

Patternmakers and modelmakers, metal ........... 18.78 6.7 40.0 18.78 6.7 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.01 8.2 40.0 17.01 8.2 40.0 – – –

Layout workers .................................................. 14.66 5.6 40.0 14.66 5.6 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 14.95 4.6 40.0 14.95 4.6 40.0 – – –

Precious stones and metals workers ................. 8.50 8.1 40.0 8.50 8.1 40.0 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 6.87 7.2 40.0 6.87 7.2 40.0 – – –

Engravers, metal ................................................ 18.49 9.4 39.8 18.49 9.4 39.8 – – –

Sheet metal workers .......................................... 15.40 4.9 40.0 15.40 4.9 40.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.98 7.6 40.0 12.98 7.6 40.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.94 11.8 40.0 15.94 11.8 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 18.84 5.5 40.0 18.84 5.5 40.0 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 19.08 5.0 40.0 19.08 5.0 40.0 – – –

Sheet metal worker apprentices ........................ 13.48 7.9 40.2 13.48 7.9 40.2 – – –

Cabinet makers and bench carpenters .............. 10.84 6.8 39.8 10.63 6.9 39.8 – – –

Furniture and wood finishers ............................. 11.00 2.1 40.0 11.00 2.1 40.0 – – –

Tailors ................................................................ 10.24 6.1 37.9 10.24 6.1 37.9 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.75 3.0 39.3 12.75 3.0 39.3 – – –

Upholsterers ...................................................... 13.46 5.3 39.5 13.46 5.3 39.5 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.66 3.5 38.3 12.66 3.5 38.3 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
68

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Precision production, craft, and repair –Continued

Upholsterers –Continued

 6 ................................................................... $16.37 10.1 40.0 $16.37 10.1 40.0 – – –

Hand molders and shapers, except jewelers ..... 14.22 11.2 40.1 14.22 11.2 40.1 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.04 3.7 40.0 15.04 3.7 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 18.11 6.6 40.5 18.11 6.6 40.5 – – –

Patternmakers, layout workers, and cutters ...... 16.02 15.0 38.0 16.02 15.0 38.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 19.05 11.7 40.0 19.05 11.7 40.0 – – –

Optical goods workers ....................................... 10.94 12.7 39.8 10.94 12.7 39.8 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.51 7.8 40.0 12.51 7.8 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 14.81 4.1 38.9 14.81 4.1 38.9 – – –

Dental laboratory and medical appliance

technicians ....................................................... 13.39 6.4 39.4 – – – – – –

Bookbinders ....................................................... 13.39 3.9 39.4 13.39 3.9 39.4 – – –

Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers 9.33 2.3 39.6 9.33 2.3 39.6 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 7.63 3.1 39.2 7.63 3.1 39.2 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.28 3.5 40.0 9.28 3.5 40.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.02 3.9 39.7 10.02 3.9 39.7 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 11.61 2.6 40.0 11.61 2.6 40.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 13.01 3.9 40.0 13.01 3.9 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.45 7.1 39.8 16.45 7.1 39.8 – – –

Miscellaneous precision workers, n.e.c. ............ 14.74 6.4 39.6 14.74 6.4 39.6 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 12.40 9.1 39.9 12.40 9.1 39.9 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.18 3.0 39.9 12.18 3.0 39.9 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 16.09 5.2 40.1 16.09 5.2 40.1 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 18.68 5.2 39.9 18.71 5.3 39.9 – – –

Precision food production .................................. 10.75 7.4 40.0 10.75 7.4 40.0 – – –

Butchers and meat cutters ................................. 10.00 4.2 38.7 10.00 4.2 38.7 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 6.76 2.0 40.0 6.76 2.0 40.0 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.20 6.1 37.0 8.20 6.1 37.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.80 3.9 38.5 10.80 3.9 38.5 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.22 2.6 39.2 12.22 2.6 39.2 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.47 5.1 40.0 14.47 5.1 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 15.79 2.2 38.5 15.79 2.2 38.5 – – –

Bakers ................................................................ 9.36 3.9 35.8 9.44 4.1 35.5 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 7.61 6.2 31.6 7.27 8.4 29.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 8.10 4.9 34.7 8.10 4.9 34.7 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.25 7.0 38.8 10.25 7.0 38.8 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 10.54 8.1 39.3 10.54 8.1 39.3 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 14.45 2.6 40.0 14.45 2.6 40.0 – – –

Food batchmakers ............................................. 8.91 6.5 38.3 8.91 6.5 38.3 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.19 8.4 39.4 8.19 8.4 39.4 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 10.07 8.0 39.8 10.07 8.0 39.8 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 9.97 12.5 36.0 9.97 12.5 36.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.78 6.3 37.1 13.78 6.3 37.1 – – –

Inspectors, testers, and graders ........................ 15.76 2.5 40.2 15.61 2.7 40.2 $18.21 5.0 39.7

 3 ................................................................... 10.06 4.1 38.6 9.91 4.0 38.5 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 14.14 8.5 40.5 14.14 8.5 40.5 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.13 2.9 40.7 13.01 2.9 40.8 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.23 4.3 40.5 15.15 4.5 40.6 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.69 3.0 40.3 17.42 3.1 40.3 19.93 3.7 40.0

 8 ................................................................... 20.97 6.4 40.1 21.74 6.2 40.1 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 21.54 8.6 40.2 21.75 9.2 40.2 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 16.76 9.6 40.0 16.76 9.6 40.0 – – –

Precision inspectors, testers, and related

workers, n.e.c. ................................................. 18.61 8.7 40.0 18.61 8.7 40.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 19.29 6.6 40.0 19.29 6.6 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 18.82 7.6 40.0 18.82 7.6 40.0 – – –

Adjusters and calibrators ................................... 11.77 12.9 39.7 11.77 12.9 39.7 – – –

Water and sewer treatment plant operators ...... 15.13 2.9 39.9 14.58 2.7 40.0 15.23 3.4 39.9

 3 ................................................................... 10.95 13.8 37.0 – – – 10.95 13.8 37.0

See footnotes at end of table.
 69

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Precision production, craft, and repair –Continued

Water and sewer treatment plant operators

–Continued

 4 ................................................................... $13.33 9.3 40.0 – – – $13.76 11.0 40.0

 5 ................................................................... 13.49 4.9 40.0 – – – 13.64 5.5 40.0

 6 ................................................................... 14.58 6.9 40.0 – – – 14.46 8.9 40.0

 7 ................................................................... 16.68 3.0 40.0 $16.89 3.3 40.0 16.66 3.3 40.0

 9 ................................................................... 19.60 4.9 40.0 – – – – – –

Power plant operators ........................................ 21.32 2.9 40.0 21.49 3.0 40.2 20.35 9.5 39.3

 5 ................................................................... 16.54 3.0 40.0 – – – – – –

 6 ................................................................... 17.82 9.5 40.0 – – – – – –

 7 ................................................................... 21.57 3.2 40.1 21.95 3.4 40.2 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 25.40 3.4 40.3 24.95 3.9 40.4 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 22.18 4.1 40.0 22.18 4.1 40.0 – – –

Stationary engineers .......................................... 17.67 3.8 39.4 17.85 4.9 39.4 17.22 4.9 39.4

 4 ................................................................... 13.26 8.2 40.0 – – – – – –

 5 ................................................................... 14.45 6.6 39.7 15.31 5.8 39.4 13.33 12.5 40.0

 6 ................................................................... 15.44 5.0 39.9 15.56 6.2 39.9 14.99 3.5 40.0

 7 ................................................................... 19.75 3.0 39.4 20.08 3.0 39.7 18.93 7.1 38.9

 8 ................................................................... 22.04 9.7 37.8 22.04 9.7 37.8 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 19.26 7.7 37.8 23.25 11.0 32.8 – – –

Miscellaneous plant and system operators,

n.e.c. ................................................................ 20.23 2.2 40.0 20.33 2.2 40.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 20.92 8.6 39.7 20.92 8.6 39.7 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 18.06 3.9 39.6 18.12 3.9 39.6 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 19.89 2.9 40.1 19.99 2.8 40.1 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 21.45 1.9 40.0 21.66 1.6 40.0 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 22.54 1.4 40.9 22.54 1.4 40.9 – – –

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..... 11.03 1.1 39.6 11.02 1.1 39.6 12.89 6.1 38.3

 1 ................................................................... 7.25 1.7 38.2 7.24 1.7 38.2 8.26 8.9 37.5

 2 ................................................................... 8.25 2.0 39.7 8.24 2.0 39.7 8.75 10.7 37.1

 3 ................................................................... 11.47 2.6 39.8 11.48 2.6 39.8 9.61 5.3 37.9

 4 ................................................................... 11.82 1.2 39.9 11.83 1.2 40.0 10.68 5.5 35.8

 5 ................................................................... 12.93 .8 40.0 12.93 .8 40.0 13.07 2.3 39.8

 6 ................................................................... 14.50 1.5 40.0 14.52 1.5 40.0 12.97 6.8 39.9

 7 ................................................................... 16.81 1.2 39.8 16.77 1.2 39.9 17.95 5.2 39.4

 8 ................................................................... 18.57 2.9 39.8 18.57 2.9 39.8 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 22.31 3.2 39.0 22.31 3.2 39.0 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 10.27 10.6 38.2 10.26 10.7 38.3 – – –

Lathe and turning machine set-up operators ..... 13.42 3.7 40.0 13.42 3.7 40.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 12.78 5.7 40.0 12.78 5.7 40.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.37 3.6 40.0 13.37 3.6 40.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.01 3.7 40.0 14.01 3.7 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 15.13 7.8 39.5 15.13 7.8 39.5 – – –

Lathe and turning machine operators ................ 12.26 4.4 39.9 12.26 4.4 39.9 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 10.53 8.4 39.2 10.53 8.4 39.2 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.98 9.1 39.9 11.98 9.1 39.9 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.68 5.2 39.7 12.68 5.2 39.7 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.74 4.5 41.8 15.74 4.5 41.8 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 18.37 5.5 40.0 18.37 5.5 40.0 – – –

Milling and planing machine operators

 5 ................................................................... 12.68 5.8 44.0 12.68 5.8 44.0 – – –

Punching and stamping press operators ........... 11.80 3.3 40.0 11.80 3.3 40.0 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 8.09 11.3 39.0 8.09 11.3 39.0 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.82 2.7 39.9 8.82 2.7 39.9 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 13.22 7.0 40.0 13.22 7.0 40.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 12.87 4.0 40.2 12.87 4.0 40.2 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.10 2.5 40.2 12.10 2.5 40.2 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.86 5.4 40.0 14.86 5.4 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 14.97 13.5 39.9 14.97 13.5 39.9 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
70

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors

–Continued

Rolling machine operators ................................. $13.06 8.9 40.2 $13.06 8.9 40.2 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 12.08 4.5 40.0 12.08 4.5 40.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 14.99 1.8 40.9 14.99 1.8 40.9 – – –

Drilling and boring machine operators ............... 11.55 9.6 40.0 11.54 9.6 40.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.74 8.7 40.0 9.74 8.7 40.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 13.91 5.9 39.9 13.91 5.9 39.9 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.19 7.8 40.0 13.19 7.8 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.32 8.0 40.0 16.35 8.1 40.0 – – –

Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing

machine operators ........................................... 10.99 3.0 40.0 10.99 3.0 40.0 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 7.96 3.5 39.9 7.96 3.5 39.9 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.42 4.4 39.6 8.42 4.4 39.6 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 11.48 7.6 39.9 11.48 7.6 39.9 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.58 4.2 40.0 11.58 4.2 40.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 11.87 3.7 40.4 11.87 3.7 40.4 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.38 11.1 40.0 15.38 11.1 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 14.36 12.4 40.0 14.36 12.4 40.0 – – –

Forging machine operators ................................ 11.68 4.3 39.9 11.68 4.3 39.9 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.19 5.6 39.5 11.19 5.6 39.5 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 11.94 3.2 40.0 11.94 3.2 40.0 – – –

Numerical control machine operators ................ 12.62 3.5 40.3 12.62 3.5 40.3 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.46 7.6 40.0 8.46 7.6 40.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.78 4.6 40.0 9.78 4.6 40.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 12.01 9.5 40.0 12.01 9.5 40.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.61 2.2 40.0 12.61 2.2 40.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 13.60 3.8 41.7 13.60 3.8 41.7 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.80 3.2 40.0 17.80 3.2 40.0 – – –

Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c. ............... 12.62 2.4 40.0 12.62 2.4 40.0 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 7.70 7.2 39.8 7.70 7.2 39.8 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.55 4.7 40.0 8.55 4.7 40.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 13.29 6.4 40.0 13.29 6.4 40.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 13.14 4.7 40.1 13.14 4.7 40.1 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.16 2.3 40.1 12.16 2.3 40.1 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.84 2.9 40.0 14.84 2.9 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 14.54 8.9 40.0 14.54 8.9 40.0 – – –

Molding and casting machine operators ............ 9.82 3.0 39.7 9.82 3.0 39.7 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 7.51 8.3 39.5 7.51 8.3 39.5 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.25 4.0 39.5 8.25 4.0 39.5 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 10.41 3.5 40.0 10.41 3.5 40.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.02 7.0 39.9 10.02 7.0 39.9 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.07 3.4 40.0 12.07 3.4 40.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 13.31 1.9 39.9 13.31 1.9 39.9 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 14.50 2.0 39.6 14.50 2.0 39.6 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 5.52 9.0 34.0 5.52 9.0 34.0 – – –

Metal plating machine operators ........................ 11.62 3.9 40.3 11.62 3.9 40.3 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 9.08 5.6 40.0 9.08 5.6 40.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 8.81 9.3 38.3 8.81 9.3 38.3 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 12.23 7.0 41.4 12.23 7.0 41.4 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 11.94 4.7 40.2 11.94 4.7 40.2 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 15.95 4.8 40.0 15.95 4.8 40.0 – – –

Heat treating equipment operators .................... 13.26 2.9 40.0 13.26 2.9 40.0 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 9.84 14.3 39.6 9.84 14.3 39.6 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 13.44 14.2 40.0 13.44 14.2 40.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 14.71 6.4 40.2 14.71 6.4 40.2 – – –

Wood lathe, routing, and planing machine

operators .......................................................... 9.77 8.3 40.0 9.77 8.3 40.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.32 1.5 40.0 9.32 1.5 40.0 – – –

Sawing machine operators ................................ 8.96 5.5 39.8 8.96 5.5 39.8 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 8.55 9.2 40.2 8.55 9.2 40.2 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
71

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors

–Continued

Sawing machine operators –Continued

 4 ................................................................... $7.39 18.3 40.0 $7.39 18.3 40.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 10.57 4.0 40.0 10.57 4.0 40.0 – – –

Shaping and jointing machine operators ........... 9.09 6.8 39.9 9.09 6.8 39.9 – – –

Nailing and tacking machine operators .............. 9.13 2.4 40.0 9.13 2.4 40.0 – – –

Printing press operators ..................................... 14.67 3.1 39.2 14.83 3.3 39.2 $11.65 4.2 38.5

 1 ................................................................... 8.18 9.9 36.8 8.18 9.9 36.8 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.25 3.9 40.0 8.25 3.9 40.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.69 3.9 39.7 9.61 4.5 39.6 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.79 4.8 39.5 11.86 5.1 39.7 10.68 5.4 36.7

 5 ................................................................... 12.88 4.9 39.2 12.91 5.5 39.2 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 16.46 7.2 39.0 16.45 7.2 39.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 18.01 2.5 39.4 18.06 2.5 39.4 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 20.07 11.1 38.0 20.07 11.1 38.0 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 21.86 5.3 37.5 21.86 5.3 37.5 – – –

Photoengravers and lithographers ..................... 14.51 3.5 38.8 14.51 3.5 38.8 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.69 5.0 36.2 9.69 5.0 36.2 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 13.76 9.3 38.1 13.76 9.3 38.1 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 14.11 2.7 39.7 14.11 2.7 39.7 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 16.02 6.4 38.7 16.02 6.4 38.7 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.74 3.5 39.4 17.74 3.5 39.4 – – –

Typesetters and compositors ............................. 13.00 5.9 37.3 12.69 5.7 37.6 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.86 10.0 36.3 10.93 10.3 37.3 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.65 6.5 38.1 12.66 6.8 38.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 15.94 5.5 38.0 15.11 4.7 38.5 – – –

Winding and twisting machine operators ........... 10.59 6.7 40.1 10.59 6.7 40.1 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 7.89 6.2 40.0 7.89 6.2 40.0 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.56 2.6 39.9 8.56 2.6 39.9 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.94 2.9 40.5 9.94 2.9 40.5 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 10.72 6.7 39.0 10.72 6.7 39.0 – – –

Knitting, looping, taping, and weaving machine

operators .......................................................... 9.15 3.1 40.3 9.15 3.1 40.3 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 8.58 11.8 40.8 8.58 11.8 40.8 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 7.34 2.9 40.0 7.34 2.9 40.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.78 3.0 40.8 9.78 3.0 40.8 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 11.47 6.8 40.3 11.47 6.8 40.3 – – –

Textile cutting machine operators ...................... 9.37 8.2 40.3 9.37 8.2 40.3 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.72 18.7 40.3 8.72 18.7 40.3 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 8.17 8.7 40.0 8.17 8.7 40.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.78 4.3 40.9 11.78 4.3 40.9 – – –

Textile sewing machine operators ..................... 7.16 3.9 39.4 7.16 3.9 39.4 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 6.63 7.0 38.5 6.63 7.0 38.5 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 6.69 3.9 39.8 6.69 3.9 39.8 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 8.32 6.5 39.7 8.32 6.5 39.7 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.50 11.3 39.4 10.50 11.4 39.4 – – –

Shoe machine operators .................................... 8.82 8.1 39.9 8.82 8.1 39.9 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 9.37 5.3 40.0 9.37 5.3 40.0 – – –

Pressing machine operators .............................. 7.10 3.7 39.7 7.10 3.7 39.7 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 6.37 5.3 39.8 6.37 5.3 39.8 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 8.34 8.2 39.7 8.34 8.2 39.7 – – –

Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators 7.19 1.5 37.6 7.07 1.5 37.7 8.77 6.1 37.2

 1 ................................................................... 6.83 1.9 37.6 6.72 1.9 37.6 8.25 8.9 37.9

 2 ................................................................... 7.12 3.8 37.5 6.96 3.7 37.5 9.53 9.5 36.7

 3 ................................................................... 8.34 2.9 38.5 8.30 3.1 38.4 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 8.51 8.3 34.4 8.02 6.8 36.2 – – –

Cementing and gluing machine operators ......... 9.86 8.8 40.0 9.86 8.8 40.0 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 7.96 12.1 40.0 7.96 12.1 40.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 10.68 8.8 40.0 10.68 8.8 40.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.79 3.2 40.0 11.79 3.2 40.0 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
72

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors

–Continued

Cementing and gluing machine operators

–Continued

 5 ................................................................... $11.41 9.2 40.0 $11.41 9.2 40.0 – – –

Packaging and filling machine operators ........... 10.07 4.8 39.2 10.07 4.8 39.2 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 7.23 5.0 38.7 7.23 5.0 38.7 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.39 6.8 39.4 8.39 6.8 39.4 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.67 9.7 38.6 9.67 9.7 38.6 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.98 11.9 39.8 10.98 11.9 39.8 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 15.18 6.5 39.9 15.18 6.5 39.9 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.46 7.2 40.0 15.46 7.2 40.0 – – –

Extruding and forming machine operators ......... 10.76 3.2 39.8 10.76 3.2 39.8 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.76 6.6 39.9 8.76 6.6 39.9 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 11.83 6.6 40.1 11.83 6.6 40.1 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 11.35 8.7 39.5 11.35 8.7 39.5 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 13.24 3.3 37.6 13.24 3.3 37.6 – – –

Mixing and blending machine operators ............ 12.57 2.6 40.1 12.57 2.6 40.1 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 8.65 16.3 39.2 8.65 16.3 39.2 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 9.79 6.5 40.3 9.79 6.5 40.3 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 11.81 6.5 40.0 11.81 6.5 40.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 12.20 4.1 40.4 12.20 4.1 40.4 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 14.01 6.9 39.9 14.01 6.9 39.9 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.69 7.2 40.2 15.69 7.2 40.2 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 15.99 6.2 40.0 15.99 6.2 40.0 – – –

Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine

operators .......................................................... 15.26 3.5 39.9 15.27 3.5 39.9 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 14.68 6.6 40.0 14.68 6.6 40.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 13.40 7.3 39.9 13.40 7.3 39.9 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 14.18 4.7 40.4 14.18 4.7 40.4 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 18.03 8.1 39.2 18.03 8.1 39.2 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 18.59 4.8 39.6 18.96 4.6 39.6 – – –

Compressing and compacting machine

operators .......................................................... 10.16 3.3 40.0 10.18 3.3 40.2 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 9.12 8.5 32.7 9.12 8.5 32.7 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 9.25 4.9 40.0 9.25 4.9 40.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 10.75 8.0 39.3 10.86 7.9 40.0 – – –

Painting and paint spraying machine operators 11.53 2.8 40.2 11.53 2.8 40.2 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 9.77 7.6 40.0 9.77 7.6 40.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 12.40 5.2 40.0 12.40 5.2 40.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.88 5.3 40.4 11.88 5.3 40.4 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 11.78 5.0 40.4 11.78 5.0 40.4 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.49 2.4 40.1 14.49 2.4 40.1 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 15.25 8.5 41.4 15.25 8.5 41.4 – – –

Roasting and baking machine operators, food .. 11.10 9.2 39.5 11.10 9.2 39.5 – – –

Washing, cleaning, and pickling machine

operators .......................................................... 10.64 7.6 38.1 10.64 7.6 38.1 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 6.74 7.4 28.6 6.74 7.4 28.6 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.55 3.9 40.0 8.55 3.9 40.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 12.19 12.9 40.2 12.19 12.9 40.2 – – –

Folding machine operators ................................ 10.95 4.6 39.6 10.95 4.6 39.6 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.05 9.5 40.0 8.05 9.5 40.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 10.28 6.6 38.9 10.28 6.6 38.9 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.52 3.0 40.0 10.52 3.0 40.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 14.39 7.8 40.0 14.39 7.8 40.0 – – –

Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food 12.98 5.5 39.9 12.85 5.8 39.9 $14.76 3.6 39.1

 3 ................................................................... 12.92 12.7 40.0 12.92 12.7 40.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 14.23 5.6 39.8 14.21 5.9 39.8 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.62 3.6 40.0 15.86 4.2 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.99 6.5 40.1 18.01 8.1 40.1 – – –

Crushing and grinding machine operators ......... 11.39 5.9 40.0 11.39 5.9 40.0 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
73

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors

–Continued

Crushing and grinding machine operators

–Continued

 1 ................................................................... $6.58 8.8 40.0 $6.58 8.8 40.0 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 11.88 4.7 40.2 11.88 4.7 40.2 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 11.89 6.5 40.1 11.89 6.5 40.1 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 12.52 5.5 40.0 12.52 5.5 40.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 14.21 7.1 40.0 14.21 7.1 40.0 – – –

Slicing and cutting machine operators ............... 11.71 5.0 39.8 11.71 5.0 39.8 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 9.26 6.8 38.4 9.26 6.8 38.4 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 10.28 3.5 39.9 10.28 3.5 39.9 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.61 7.1 40.2 11.61 7.1 40.2 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.78 2.6 40.0 13.78 2.6 40.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.31 3.9 40.0 15.31 3.9 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.45 7.3 40.0 17.45 7.3 40.0 – – –

Photographic process machine operators ......... 10.60 5.0 38.4 10.61 5.0 38.4 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 6.80 8.0 35.6 6.80 8.0 35.6 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.31 3.5 38.8 8.31 3.5 38.8 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.26 4.6 38.6 9.27 4.6 38.6 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.67 10.9 38.6 11.67 10.9 38.6 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 11.93 5.8 39.7 11.93 5.8 39.7 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.46 4.1 39.5 16.46 4.1 39.5 – – –

Miscellaneous machine operators, n.e.c. .......... 11.57 2.4 39.6 11.56 2.4 39.6 $14.28 14.2 38.3

 1 ................................................................... 7.41 5.2 37.5 7.41 5.2 37.5 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.75 1.6 39.7 8.75 1.6 39.7 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.80 3.9 39.9 9.79 4.0 39.9 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 12.22 2.5 39.7 12.24 2.5 39.7 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 14.16 1.7 40.0 14.16 1.7 40.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.62 2.8 40.1 15.66 2.8 40.1 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.27 3.1 39.9 17.13 3.0 39.9 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 10.03 12.3 39.8 10.03 12.3 39.8 – – –

Welders and cutters ........................................... 13.70 1.6 40.1 13.59 1.9 40.1 16.89 7.8 40.0

 1 ................................................................... 10.22 14.0 40.0 10.22 14.0 40.0 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 9.16 6.0 40.0 9.16 6.0 40.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 13.35 6.4 40.0 13.35 6.4 40.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.65 5.9 40.2 11.65 5.9 40.2 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.05 2.6 40.3 13.05 2.6 40.3 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 13.50 2.6 40.1 13.54 2.6 40.1 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.24 2.0 39.9 17.18 2.0 39.9 17.63 6.6 40.0

 8 ................................................................... 18.42 7.2 40.0 18.42 7.2 40.0 – – –

Solders and braziers .......................................... 8.54 8.1 40.0 8.54 8.1 40.0 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 7.97 2.2 40.0 7.97 2.2 40.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 8.52 6.3 40.3 8.52 6.3 40.3 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.21 5.4 40.0 11.21 5.4 40.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 10.41 4.7 40.0 10.41 4.7 40.0 – – –

Assemblers ........................................................ 11.15 2.6 39.4 11.15 2.6 39.4 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 7.19 3.5 37.6 7.19 3.5 37.6 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.71 2.2 39.8 8.71 2.2 39.8 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 14.04 3.2 39.8 14.04 3.2 39.8 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 12.65 3.2 39.9 12.65 3.2 39.9 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.57 4.8 39.8 12.57 4.8 39.8 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 13.41 6.0 39.9 13.41 6.0 39.9 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.19 3.1 40.0 16.19 3.1 40.0 – – –

Hand cutting and trimming ................................. 8.89 5.8 39.7 8.89 5.8 39.7 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 5.62 7.0 40.0 5.62 7.0 40.0 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.51 2.4 38.8 8.51 2.4 38.8 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 11.27 5.9 40.0 11.27 5.9 40.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.97 12.7 40.0 10.97 12.7 40.0 – – –

Hand molding, casting, and forming .................. 12.03 7.2 39.9 12.03 7.2 39.9 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 7.20 5.2 38.8 7.20 5.2 38.8 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
74

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors

–Continued

Hand painting, coating, and decorating ............. $10.03 6.2 39.1 $10.08 6.3 39.1 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 7.46 3.7 37.8 7.46 3.7 37.8 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.96 13.0 40.0 9.53 12.4 40.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.13 9.2 37.3 9.13 9.2 37.3 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 8.90 7.8 40.0 8.90 7.8 40.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.61 14.4 40.0 13.61 14.4 40.0 – – –

Hand engraving and printing .............................. 8.13 7.6 40.1 8.13 7.6 40.1 – – –

Miscellaneous hand working, n.e.c. ................... 9.50 3.2 38.6 9.50 3.2 38.6 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 7.32 4.1 36.2 7.32 4.1 36.2 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.60 5.2 39.7 8.60 5.2 39.7 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 11.32 6.1 39.6 11.32 6.1 39.6 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.45 5.8 40.0 11.45 5.8 40.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.21 3.3 40.0 13.21 3.3 40.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 12.40 6.1 39.9 12.40 6.1 39.9 – – –

Production inspectors, checkers and examiners 10.68 3.0 39.9 10.68 3.1 39.9 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 6.78 6.8 39.5 6.78 6.8 39.5 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.49 6.5 40.0 8.49 6.5 40.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 10.50 4.2 39.8 10.50 4.2 39.8 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.66 2.3 39.8 10.66 2.3 39.8 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 11.70 2.2 40.0 11.70 2.2 40.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.47 5.2 40.1 14.47 5.2 40.1 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 14.76 5.5 40.4 14.81 5.5 40.4 – – –

Production testers .............................................. 11.45 4.2 40.1 11.45 4.2 40.1 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 7.18 8.6 40.0 7.18 8.6 40.0 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.28 2.6 40.0 8.28 2.6 40.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 11.56 10.8 40.1 11.56 10.8 40.1 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.93 4.6 40.3 10.93 4.6 40.3 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.27 7.8 40.0 12.27 7.8 40.0 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.79 6.5 40.0 14.79 6.5 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 15.03 8.9 40.0 15.03 8.9 40.0 – – –

Production samplers and weighers .................... 12.51 7.2 40.3 12.51 7.2 40.3 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 12.84 5.0 39.7 12.84 5.0 39.7 – – –

Graders and sorters, except agricultural ............ 8.66 8.3 40.2 8.66 8.3 40.2 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 7.25 8.3 40.6 7.25 8.3 40.6 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 10.30 9.1 39.2 10.30 9.1 39.2 – – –

Hand inspectors, n.e.c. ...................................... 9.57 8.1 39.9 9.57 8.1 39.9 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 9.06 4.9 40.0 9.06 4.9 40.0 – – –

Transportation and material moving ......................... 13.24 1.2 37.5 13.30 1.4 38.3 $12.93 1.7 33.6

 1 ................................................................... 7.30 2.9 31.1 7.22 3.0 31.3 9.16 8.4 26.2

 2 ................................................................... 9.47 2.4 33.7 9.16 2.8 34.7 11.08 3.2 29.4

 3 ................................................................... 11.60 1.5 35.4 11.65 1.8 36.9 11.39 3.2 30.5

 4 ................................................................... 13.23 2.2 37.6 13.31 2.5 38.1 12.68 3.5 34.6

 5 ................................................................... 14.74 1.7 40.5 14.91 2.0 41.6 13.92 2.6 36.3

 6 ................................................................... 16.38 2.6 42.0 16.90 2.5 42.7 13.98 7.0 39.4

 7 ................................................................... 17.98 3.8 40.1 18.41 4.3 41.4 16.53 6.9 36.4

 8 ................................................................... 20.20 5.4 47.0 20.22 5.9 47.7 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 22.99 5.7 42.3 23.26 6.4 42.6 20.41 3.2 40.0

Supervisors, motor vehicle operators ................ 15.12 6.5 41.1 15.80 6.1 41.9 13.79 12.9 39.8

 5 ................................................................... 12.46 5.1 40.1 12.65 7.1 40.4 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 11.32 11.0 40.9 13.69 3.5 42.6 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.86 4.5 41.2 17.84 5.6 41.8 17.91 7.7 40.0

 8 ................................................................... 19.69 13.7 44.1 19.48 16.7 45.1 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 21.35 4.3 40.4 21.51 4.6 40.4 – – –

Truck drivers ...................................................... 13.92 1.6 39.9 14.01 1.6 40.0 12.59 3.5 39.1

 1 ................................................................... 7.28 3.8 34.1 7.26 3.9 34.2 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 9.87 3.8 38.2 9.81 4.2 38.2 10.32 6.4 38.1

 3 ................................................................... 11.98 3.6 37.9 11.94 3.8 37.6 12.22 10.0 39.7

 4 ................................................................... 13.79 2.7 38.4 13.85 2.8 38.4 12.83 4.5 38.8

See footnotes at end of table.
75

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Transportation and material moving –Continued

Truck drivers –Continued

 5 ................................................................... $15.43 2.2 42.8 $15.53 2.3 42.9 $13.21 3.1 39.6

 6 ................................................................... 16.87 2.9 43.6 16.90 3.0 43.7 15.83 6.7 39.9

 7 ................................................................... 16.95 7.2 41.8 17.04 8.1 42.0 16.22 6.2 40.0

Driver-sales workers .......................................... 13.13 4.6 39.0 13.12 4.6 39.0 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 5.79 6.2 27.7 5.79 6.2 27.7 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 7.93 4.6 29.0 7.93 4.6 29.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 10.86 5.9 39.3 10.75 5.8 39.3 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 14.10 5.5 41.0 14.10 5.5 41.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.37 7.6 43.2 13.37 7.6 43.2 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 16.35 8.7 40.4 16.35 8.7 40.4 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.16 15.7 44.8 16.16 15.7 44.8 – – –

Bus drivers ......................................................... 12.06 1.9 28.6 10.63 3.6 29.3 12.99 1.8 28.2

 1 ................................................................... 9.22 10.9 24.7 – – – 10.23 11.3 21.7

 2 ................................................................... 10.42 4.4 26.6 9.28 9.0 27.9 11.57 3.8 25.3

 3 ................................................................... 10.67 2.3 26.3 8.97 5.3 26.2 11.27 2.4 26.4

 4 ................................................................... 12.57 3.7 30.7 11.49 5.4 30.9 13.75 4.3 30.4

 5 ................................................................... 14.59 3.7 32.1 12.78 10.0 31.3 15.33 2.7 32.5

 6 ................................................................... 15.69 5.4 36.2 – – – 15.77 5.4 36.5

Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs .......................... 8.00 5.2 31.5 7.92 5.0 31.5 9.07 25.8 31.0

 1 ................................................................... 6.61 7.3 28.6 6.64 7.5 28.7 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 6.93 3.3 32.1 6.93 3.3 31.8 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 10.55 17.8 29.3 10.38 20.4 29.7 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.29 6.2 36.1 11.34 6.5 36.4 – – –

Parking lot attendants ........................................ 6.81 4.3 26.9 6.77 4.3 26.7 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 6.73 4.1 27.8 6.65 4.3 27.6 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 6.15 7.3 22.8 6.15 7.3 22.8 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 8.06 11.7 33.5 8.06 11.7 33.5 – – –

Motor transportation, n.e.c. ................................ 8.63 5.2 32.0 7.81 5.5 31.0 13.21 5.6 39.0

 1 ................................................................... 6.08 2.4 26.3 6.08 2.5 26.1 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 7.20 8.9 32.3 6.51 6.1 31.7 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.63 8.5 34.9 9.69 8.9 35.2 8.18 12.2 28.1

 4 ................................................................... 10.67 7.7 36.0 9.65 9.1 35.2 14.29 10.8 39.3

 5 ................................................................... 13.60 8.4 40.0 13.27 16.7 40.0 – – –

Railroad conductors and yardmasters ............... 23.43 7.3 40.5 23.43 7.6 40.5 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 24.80 7.0 40.0 24.87 7.3 40.0 – – –

Locomotive operating ........................................ 22.51 8.9 40.8 24.05 11.3 41.3 19.27 4.0 40.0

 5 ................................................................... 17.38 3.5 40.0 14.80 5.7 40.0 – – –

Rail vehicle operators, n.e.c. ............................. 19.70 1.9 40.0 – – – – – –

Ship captains and mates, except fishing boats .. 16.12 6.9 52.0 15.99 6.8 52.4 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.17 9.1 40.1 16.92 9.4 40.1 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 16.54 11.4 62.4 16.54 11.4 62.4 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 16.42 11.9 57.7 16.09 11.2 58.2 – – –

Sailors and deckhands ...................................... 9.20 7.2 48.3 8.90 7.0 49.0 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 7.19 1.0 58.0 7.19 1.0 58.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 11.95 14.1 40.1 11.90 14.8 41.3 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 14.40 13.9 40.0 – – – – – –

Marine engineers ............................................... 11.95 21.5 57.3 11.68 21.2 57.9 – – –

Supervisors, material moving equipment ........... 18.78 5.9 41.3 19.15 5.7 41.4 14.47 10.9 39.3

 5 ................................................................... 11.53 9.1 42.6 – – – – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.75 4.0 40.8 15.84 4.7 41.6 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.06 2.9 40.8 16.10 3.0 40.8 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 22.12 4.4 45.8 22.33 4.9 46.1 – – –

Operating engineers .......................................... 14.94 6.9 40.1 17.58 8.6 40.1 12.92 7.7 40.0

 4 ................................................................... 11.49 11.0 40.2 13.52 11.7 41.2 11.07 11.2 40.0

 5 ................................................................... 14.61 7.1 40.0 15.41 12.8 40.0 13.70 7.0 40.0

 6 ................................................................... 18.41 7.6 40.0 21.75 4.8 40.0 14.48 4.5 40.0

 7 ................................................................... 19.06 5.4 40.0 20.51 7.4 40.0 17.37 7.2 40.0

Longshore equipment operators ........................ 20.66 8.4 30.1 20.66 8.4 30.1 – – –

Hoist and winch operators ................................. 11.65 7.9 40.8 11.65 7.9 40.8 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
76

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Transportation and material moving –Continued

Crane and tower operators ................................ $15.68 3.5 40.3 $15.67 3.5 40.3 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 13.97 4.4 40.0 14.03 4.4 40.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 14.48 4.8 41.1 14.48 4.8 41.1 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 19.44 6.2 40.0 19.44 6.2 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 18.46 14.1 40.0 18.37 14.7 40.0 – – –

Excavating and loading machine operators ....... 13.68 5.2 40.1 14.10 5.9 40.2 $12.60 9.3 39.8

 2 ................................................................... 10.22 16.3 40.0 10.20 16.9 40.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 11.05 9.7 39.9 12.10 12.0 40.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.96 8.7 39.7 12.94 13.5 40.0 11.38 10.5 39.6

 5 ................................................................... 13.98 7.5 40.2 14.11 8.4 40.3 12.98 12.2 40.0

 6 ................................................................... 18.33 9.1 40.0 20.56 8.2 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.95 10.4 40.0 19.08 7.1 40.0 – – –

Grader, dozer, and scrapper operators ............. 12.97 6.7 40.0 14.23 10.3 40.3 12.04 8.6 39.9

 2 ................................................................... 10.20 3.5 40.0 – – – – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.50 5.9 40.0 9.42 3.2 40.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.12 4.6 40.0 11.16 3.5 40.0 9.50 6.7 40.0

 5 ................................................................... 11.28 6.4 40.0 12.11 9.2 40.1 10.41 8.0 39.8

 6 ................................................................... 17.25 9.0 40.0 – – – 14.43 3.9 40.0

 7 ................................................................... 16.78 13.1 40.2 19.17 15.0 40.9 15.44 17.7 39.8

Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators 11.69 1.8 39.6 11.70 1.8 39.6 11.37 3.8 40.0

 1 ................................................................... 9.69 7.9 40.0 9.72 8.1 40.0 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 9.64 2.5 39.4 9.64 2.5 39.4 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 11.62 1.6 39.5 11.62 1.6 39.5 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 12.22 3.4 39.8 12.23 3.5 39.8 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.95 3.1 39.5 13.00 3.2 39.5 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 15.83 5.9 40.0 16.33 5.9 40.0 – – –

Miscellaneous material moving equipment

operators, n.e.c. ............................................... 13.90 3.4 36.5 14.15 4.0 36.0 12.90 4.8 38.4

 1 ................................................................... 8.24 8.3 28.3 8.24 8.3 28.3 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 11.82 5.9 35.3 11.87 6.1 35.2 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 13.80 5.7 33.2 14.08 6.0 32.8 10.07 9.3 39.2

 4 ................................................................... 14.46 8.4 39.5 15.07 8.8 39.5 10.38 4.0 39.4

 5 ................................................................... 15.53 3.2 37.7 16.40 3.2 38.3 14.14 4.9 36.7

 6 ................................................................... 13.14 8.7 39.1 15.85 4.8 38.4 10.32 6.8 39.9

 7 ................................................................... 19.38 5.3 39.6 19.91 7.0 40.0 18.84 7.3 39.2

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ....................................................................... 9.34 1.0 35.5 9.18 1.0 35.2 11.37 2.1 38.3

 1 ................................................................... 7.34 1.4 32.5 7.29 1.4 32.4 8.66 4.0 36.0

 2 ................................................................... 8.75 1.4 36.5 8.73 1.4 36.3 9.07 3.3 38.1

 3 ................................................................... 10.52 2.0 37.7 10.51 2.2 37.7 10.71 2.8 38.6

 4 ................................................................... 11.77 1.5 38.9 11.55 1.4 38.8 13.31 5.1 39.3

 5 ................................................................... 13.42 2.3 39.4 13.31 2.7 39.3 13.90 2.6 39.8

 6 ................................................................... 14.95 4.7 39.0 15.10 5.8 39.0 14.40 4.2 39.2

 7 ................................................................... 15.59 3.2 39.9 15.18 3.6 39.9 17.26 3.4 40.0

 8 ................................................................... 17.25 3.5 42.1 16.88 4.9 43.3 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 20.14 5.5 40.7 20.89 10.5 41.1 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 10.66 9.8 37.1 11.33 8.5 36.8 9.52 21.6 37.6

Nursery workers ................................................. 6.65 2.8 38.0 6.56 2.6 37.7 – – –

Supervisors, agriculture-related workers ........... 16.56 5.6 40.0 16.66 12.4 40.2 16.49 4.0 39.8

 5 ................................................................... 12.13 4.4 40.2 – – – – – –

 6 ................................................................... 14.28 9.5 40.4 – – – 15.39 10.1 40.6

 7 ................................................................... 17.34 4.2 40.2 14.67 5.0 40.7 18.06 3.9 40.0

 9 ................................................................... 22.87 8.1 40.0 – – – – – –

Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm ... 9.11 3.7 38.1 8.24 2.1 38.4 11.03 3.1 37.4

 1 ................................................................... 6.81 3.6 34.3 6.39 3.6 35.0 7.50 4.4 33.2

 2 ................................................................... – – – – – – 8.59 7.2 37.2

 3 ................................................................... 9.66 3.4 38.3 8.58 3.1 37.7 10.74 4.4 39.0

 4 ................................................................... 11.10 4.1 38.1 9.41 3.7 37.5 12.80 5.0 38.7

 5 ................................................................... 13.40 4.2 38.7 12.31 5.4 37.6 14.32 5.3 39.6

See footnotes at end of table.
 77

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers –Continued

Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm

–Continued

 6 ................................................................... $15.51 5.0 39.1 – – – $15.79 5.0 39.2

 7 ................................................................... 17.05 10.1 39.8 – – – 17.81 14.1 40.0

Animal caretakers, except farm ......................... 9.76 8.5 38.1 $9.05 13.0 36.7 10.38 10.7 39.4

 2 ................................................................... 8.01 8.2 39.7 – – – 8.26 8.8 40.0

 3 ................................................................... 6.30 8.7 38.6 – – – – – –

 4 ................................................................... 12.08 12.8 38.8 – – – – – –

Inspectors, agricultural products ........................ 7.68 5.8 36.5 7.56 8.1 36.0 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 7.01 2.7 35.6 7.01 2.7 35.6 – – –

Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and

laborers, n.e.c. ................................................. 14.14 2.3 39.9 13.88 2.6 39.9 15.28 4.4 39.6

 3 ................................................................... 8.93 12.6 39.1 8.93 12.6 39.1 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 12.64 10.5 39.2 12.36 12.3 39.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.21 4.8 40.2 12.94 4.8 40.3 14.14 11.7 39.9

 6 ................................................................... 13.34 4.5 38.2 13.72 6.0 38.1 12.08 1.1 38.4

 7 ................................................................... 14.84 4.6 40.4 14.50 4.6 40.4 17.36 3.8 40.0

 8 ................................................................... 17.64 4.0 42.0 17.24 7.1 43.8 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 17.65 7.2 41.4 17.55 9.6 41.9 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 15.96 9.8 40.0 – – – – – –

Helpers, mechanics and repairers ..................... 10.95 4.9 39.1 10.66 6.0 39.3 12.05 9.3 38.0

 1 ................................................................... 8.76 13.2 37.9 8.60 14.7 38.0 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.65 5.2 38.6 8.52 5.9 39.3 9.44 6.5 34.3

 3 ................................................................... 11.27 8.4 39.7 11.06 9.5 40.1 14.27 10.4 34.3

 4 ................................................................... 11.62 4.6 40.1 11.04 5.3 40.8 13.18 6.9 38.3

 5 ................................................................... 14.75 8.0 37.8 14.97 13.3 36.2 14.50 6.3 39.9

Helpers, construction trades .............................. 9.54 2.7 39.5 9.41 2.8 39.5 11.25 7.8 40.0

 1 ................................................................... 7.87 2.5 38.7 7.92 2.6 38.7 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.72 4.2 39.7 8.73 4.4 39.7 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 10.43 7.5 39.7 10.33 8.0 39.7 11.90 13.5 40.0

 4 ................................................................... 10.75 5.7 40.2 10.63 6.1 40.3 11.76 7.8 40.0

 5 ................................................................... 12.07 7.1 39.5 11.46 7.8 39.3 – – –

Helpers, extractive ............................................. 14.17 13.0 38.4 14.17 13.0 38.4 – – –

Construction laborers ......................................... 10.55 4.5 39.3 10.52 5.4 39.3 10.70 4.4 39.2

 1 ................................................................... 7.67 2.5 39.1 7.61 2.6 39.0 8.19 7.2 39.7

 2 ................................................................... 10.25 8.0 38.6 10.56 10.0 39.1 9.42 9.6 37.5

 3 ................................................................... 11.78 7.4 40.0 12.03 9.3 40.1 10.95 6.2 40.0

 4 ................................................................... 13.61 3.7 39.9 14.19 4.6 39.8 12.17 4.7 40.0

 5 ................................................................... 16.46 6.2 40.0 17.06 6.3 40.0 14.29 5.1 40.0

 6 ................................................................... 15.55 3.8 40.0 15.80 4.4 40.0 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 15.75 4.3 40.0 – – – – – –

Production helpers ............................................. 9.61 3.6 39.1 9.61 3.6 39.3 9.42 8.6 26.6

 1 ................................................................... 7.50 4.6 38.6 7.49 4.6 38.9 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 9.14 6.6 39.0 9.14 6.6 39.0 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 10.04 3.1 39.3 10.08 3.2 39.6 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.98 3.4 39.6 10.95 3.4 39.6 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 13.52 3.3 40.0 13.52 3.3 40.0 – – –

Garbage collectors ............................................. 12.99 11.4 39.4 11.44 17.1 39.4 13.46 12.4 39.4

 1 ................................................................... 9.93 9.0 38.7 – – – 10.47 11.2 38.7

 2 ................................................................... 13.19 13.9 39.8 – – – 11.41 11.6 39.4

 3 ................................................................... 9.54 14.6 40.0 – – – 9.54 14.6 40.0

Stevedores ......................................................... 19.22 4.0 38.8 19.25 4.0 38.8 – – –

Stock handlers and baggers .............................. 8.25 1.8 29.5 8.22 1.8 29.5 10.91 5.2 38.6

 1 ................................................................... 6.57 1.5 25.1 6.57 1.5 25.1 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 7.81 2.0 31.6 7.80 2.0 31.5 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.77 3.0 35.8 9.74 3.1 35.7 11.98 4.8 40.0

 4 ................................................................... 11.69 2.1 38.3 11.72 2.1 38.3 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.72 2.3 38.7 12.74 2.3 38.6 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 12.90 4.9 39.4 12.90 4.9 39.4 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
 78

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers –Continued

Stock handlers and baggers –Continued

Not able to be leveled .................................... $10.84 18.0 34.6 $10.84 18.0 34.6 – – –

Machine feeders and offbearers ........................ 9.16 2.8 38.8 9.16 2.8 38.7 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 7.91 7.3 38.6 7.91 7.3 38.6 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.91 3.8 37.8 8.93 3.8 37.7 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.62 5.1 39.5 9.62 5.1 39.5 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.45 9.7 39.7 11.45 9.7 39.7 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.90 2.0 39.9 12.90 2.0 39.9 – – –

Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c. ...... 10.47 2.6 34.5 10.47 2.6 34.4 $10.69 11.5 40.0

 1 ................................................................... 8.07 4.2 31.6 8.06 4.2 31.6 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 9.61 4.3 33.2 9.62 4.3 33.1 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 12.44 5.2 36.6 12.44 5.2 36.6 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.96 4.6 38.2 11.98 4.7 38.2 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.23 6.4 39.3 12.20 6.5 39.3 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.05 5.8 39.6 15.05 5.8 39.6 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 18.21 1.4 36.5 18.22 1.4 36.5 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 11.43 14.6 34.1 11.43 14.6 34.1 – – –

Garage and service station related .................... 8.68 10.7 32.4 8.42 11.2 32.2 12.31 8.3 34.7

 2 ................................................................... 7.79 6.5 34.9 7.36 5.1 34.3 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.02 9.7 35.4 8.60 9.0 36.6 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 12.47 15.4 35.3 12.38 16.2 35.1 – – –

Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners ......... 8.45 4.1 37.1 8.41 4.1 37.0 11.40 8.8 39.7

 1 ................................................................... 6.95 5.0 35.9 6.95 5.0 35.9 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.80 6.2 37.9 8.80 6.2 37.9 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 10.38 5.8 38.1 10.39 6.0 38.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 12.07 4.5 40.1 11.92 4.9 40.2 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 12.55 6.0 40.1 12.55 6.0 40.1 – – –

Hand packers and packagers ............................ 8.17 1.8 37.6 8.17 1.8 37.6 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 7.25 2.3 36.4 7.25 2.3 36.4 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 8.03 2.6 38.6 8.03 2.6 38.6 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 9.94 4.8 39.1 9.94 4.8 39.1 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 11.13 4.8 39.4 11.13 4.8 39.4 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 10.97 7.4 39.9 10.97 7.4 39.9 – – –

Laborers, except construction, n.e.c. ................. 8.94 1.4 37.1 8.77 1.6 37.0 10.35 2.7 38.1

 1 ................................................................... 7.62 3.1 35.6 7.53 3.4 35.6 8.87 5.7 36.3

 2 ................................................................... 9.11 3.3 38.3 9.11 3.8 38.3 9.14 5.8 38.3

 3 ................................................................... 10.16 3.1 38.6 10.08 4.6 38.5 10.58 4.9 39.4

 4 ................................................................... 11.24 2.5 39.1 11.02 2.8 39.0 12.66 3.4 39.8

 5 ................................................................... 13.48 4.0 39.6 13.05 4.9 39.4 14.53 5.0 40.0

 6 ................................................................... 13.43 3.8 39.0 13.22 7.4 38.9 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 16.23 8.6 40.0 16.18 9.0 40.0 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 8.28 17.2 34.2 8.60 19.9 37.6 – – –

Service .............................................................................. 9.09 .8 33.0 7.51 .6 31.9 13.26 1.3 36.6

 1 ................................................................... 6.29 1.0 29.6 6.08 1.0 29.6 7.94 1.5 29.7

 2 ................................................................... 6.75 .7 31.7 6.43 .7 31.6 8.51 1.6 32.3

 3 ................................................................... 7.86 .8 32.7 7.41 1.3 32.4 9.75 1.6 34.2

 4 ................................................................... 9.55 .9 35.0 9.08 1.4 34.5 10.97 1.3 36.3

 5 ................................................................... 11.76 1.2 37.1 11.02 2.0 35.4 12.38 2.0 38.7

 6 ................................................................... 13.61 1.6 39.4 12.15 1.9 36.3 14.33 2.0 41.1

 7 ................................................................... 17.17 1.6 39.5 16.97 4.9 36.6 17.25 1.4 40.9

 8 ................................................................... 18.41 1.5 40.7 16.91 2.4 39.8 18.70 1.6 40.9

 9 ................................................................... 21.51 1.8 41.0 18.47 7.1 39.4 21.70 1.8 41.1

10 ................................................................... 24.92 2.6 41.0 27.13 10.5 42.6 24.84 2.7 41.0

11 ................................................................... 27.30 5.9 42.0 20.31 17.4 44.9 28.00 5.8 41.7

Not able to be leveled .................................... 13.12 7.8 34.3 10.04 6.2 34.3 16.10 10.3 34.3

Protective service .................................................. 13.72 1.6 37.9 8.29 2.0 34.8 16.53 1.9 39.7

 1 ................................................................... 6.43 2.5 33.7 6.28 2.4 35.6 7.96 5.6 22.4

 2 ................................................................... 7.03 2.2 33.0 6.91 2.2 33.6 8.18 9.0 28.3

See footnotes at end of table.
79

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Service –Continued

Protective service –Continued

 3 ................................................................... $8.17 3.4 34.4 $7.92 4.4 35.4 $10.01 4.6 28.1

 4 ................................................................... 10.51 3.0 35.5 9.30 4.9 34.3 11.68 2.1 36.8

 5 ................................................................... 12.23 2.1 38.9 10.90 4.6 35.9 12.54 2.9 39.6

 6 ................................................................... 14.44 2.1 41.3 14.17 3.5 33.9 14.46 2.2 41.7

 7 ................................................................... 17.34 1.4 40.5 15.69 5.5 30.3 17.40 1.5 41.0

 8 ................................................................... 18.67 1.7 40.9 18.42 5.4 39.3 18.68 1.7 41.0

 9 ................................................................... 21.69 1.8 41.1 – – – 21.70 1.8 41.1

10 ................................................................... 24.91 2.6 41.0 – – – 24.86 2.7 41.0

11 ................................................................... 27.88 5.5 41.6 – – – 28.00 5.8 41.7

Not able to be leveled .................................... 16.43 10.2 34.5 10.44 12.9 30.0 18.86 9.5 36.7

Supervisors, firefighters and fire prevention ...... 19.53 3.3 49.0 – – – 19.50 3.4 49.0

 7 ................................................................... 17.77 6.2 46.5 – – – 17.77 6.2 46.5

 8 ................................................................... 15.90 4.4 50.3 – – – 15.91 4.5 50.6

 9 ................................................................... 21.89 3.8 49.7 – – – 21.92 3.8 49.8

10 ................................................................... 20.24 7.2 47.9 – – – 20.01 7.4 47.7

11 ................................................................... 27.31 6.6 47.8 – – – 27.31 6.6 47.8

Supervisors, police and detectives .................... 22.99 3.0 40.2 – – – 23.01 3.0 40.2

 6 ................................................................... 15.31 12.1 40.0 – – – 15.40 12.4 40.0

 7 ................................................................... 16.54 7.8 40.0 – – – 16.54 7.8 40.0

 8 ................................................................... 19.93 6.4 40.1 – – – 19.93 6.4 40.1

 9 ................................................................... 23.79 4.3 40.2 – – – 23.79 4.3 40.2

10 ................................................................... 26.78 2.9 40.2 – – – 26.78 2.9 40.2

11 ................................................................... 29.80 7.3 40.7 – – – 29.80 7.3 40.7

Supervisors, guards ........................................... 14.75 8.1 37.3 12.59 7.9 37.0 18.74 10.4 37.7

 3 ................................................................... 8.72 2.9 36.4 – – – – – –

 4 ................................................................... 8.32 10.3 33.1 8.18 11.0 34.3 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 9.84 4.7 37.2 9.83 4.7 37.2 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 13.81 3.7 39.1 14.84 4.1 38.2 12.66 2.8 40.1

 7 ................................................................... 16.41 5.5 38.4 15.65 6.3 39.5 17.00 8.3 37.6

 8 ................................................................... 18.65 2.6 40.1 18.15 4.0 40.1 19.11 3.8 40.1

10 ................................................................... 28.42 2.0 39.5 – – – – – –

Fire inspection and fire prevention ..................... 17.40 5.4 37.4 12.82 17.2 40.0 18.58 4.7 36.7

 6 ................................................................... 18.65 7.0 35.6 – – – – – –

 7 ................................................................... 17.48 6.8 44.3 – – – 17.48 6.8 44.3

Firefighting ......................................................... 14.26 2.6 44.4 – – – 14.28 2.6 44.4

 3 ................................................................... 6.49 18.4 10.6 – – – 6.49 18.4 10.6

 4 ................................................................... 12.93 7.1 41.2 – – – 12.93 7.1 41.2

 5 ................................................................... 12.98 5.5 44.0 – – – 12.96 5.6 44.1

 6 ................................................................... 12.97 4.3 48.3 – – – 12.97 4.3 48.3

 7 ................................................................... 15.85 3.4 46.2 – – – 15.93 3.4 46.4

 8 ................................................................... 15.13 3.4 48.3 – – – 15.23 3.4 48.2

 9 ................................................................... 21.10 7.7 47.0 – – – 21.10 7.7 47.0

Police and detectives, public service ................. 18.71 1.5 39.5 15.74 11.7 18.8 18.71 1.5 39.6

 3 ................................................................... 10.31 7.5 38.1 – – – 10.31 7.5 38.1

 4 ................................................................... 12.97 6.2 36.7 – – – 12.97 6.2 36.7

 5 ................................................................... 15.32 4.0 38.6 – – – 15.39 3.9 38.7

 6 ................................................................... 16.12 3.7 39.8 – – – 16.11 3.7 40.1

 7 ................................................................... 18.72 2.2 39.3 – – – 18.72 2.2 39.4

 8 ................................................................... 19.38 1.8 40.1 – – – 19.38 1.8 40.1

 9 ................................................................... 21.53 2.9 40.1 – – – 21.53 2.9 40.1

10 ................................................................... 24.87 5.8 40.0 – – – 24.87 5.8 40.0

Not able to be leveled .................................... 24.15 8.2 30.0 – – – 24.68 7.3 32.2

Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement

officers ............................................................. 15.40 2.5 38.8 – – – 15.40 2.5 38.8

 3 ................................................................... 12.90 5.5 35.4 – – – 12.90 5.5 35.4

 4 ................................................................... 12.57 4.9 35.8 – – – 12.57 4.9 35.8

 5 ................................................................... 13.21 6.1 39.3 – – – 13.21 6.1 39.3

 6 ................................................................... 13.25 5.5 39.2 – – – 13.25 5.5 39.2

 7 ................................................................... 16.12 3.0 39.8 – – – 16.12 3.0 39.8

 8 ................................................................... 17.63 7.1 38.8 – – – 17.63 7.1 38.8

 9 ................................................................... 22.19 3.2 40.0 – – – 22.19 3.2 40.0

See footnotes at end of table.
80

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Service –Continued

Protective service –Continued

Correctional institution officers ........................... $13.76 3.9 39.8 – – – $13.96 4.0 39.8

 2 ................................................................... 10.01 7.4 40.2 – – – 10.01 7.4 40.2

 3 ................................................................... 8.37 6.9 40.0 – – – 8.52 8.1 40.0

 4 ................................................................... 11.08 3.3 39.2 – – – 11.36 3.4 39.3

 5 ................................................................... 11.94 2.5 39.9 – – – 11.95 2.5 39.9

 6 ................................................................... 14.85 5.3 39.5 – – – 14.85 5.3 39.5

 7 ................................................................... 17.69 2.7 39.9 – – – 17.69 2.7 39.9

 8 ................................................................... 18.55 3.0 40.0 – – – 18.55 3.0 40.0

 9 ................................................................... 18.29 2.6 40.0 – – – 18.29 2.6 40.0

Crossing guards ................................................. 8.51 4.3 17.2 – – – 8.49 4.4 16.9

 1 ................................................................... 7.62 8.2 16.3 – – – 7.62 8.2 16.3

 2 ................................................................... 9.26 5.1 19.6 – – – 9.34 5.3 18.9

 3 ................................................................... 7.95 6.4 15.1 – – – 7.70 6.1 14.5

Guards and police, except public service .......... 8.21 2.1 35.1 $8.00 2.3 35.1 11.97 3.3 34.1

 1 ................................................................... 6.28 2.6 35.2 6.28 2.6 35.3 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 6.96 2.3 34.6 6.94 2.4 34.8 7.90 6.8 25.8

 3 ................................................................... 8.05 4.0 35.8 7.93 4.5 35.7 11.05 7.2 36.3

 4 ................................................................... 9.65 5.3 34.7 9.56 5.6 34.6 10.85 5.9 36.1

 5 ................................................................... 11.17 4.6 35.3 10.88 5.4 35.5 12.53 3.7 34.1

 6 ................................................................... 12.94 3.7 33.9 12.96 4.7 32.3 12.87 4.9 39.4

 7 ................................................................... 16.86 4.0 25.2 16.73 5.2 24.0 17.24 5.8 29.0

 8 ................................................................... 19.83 4.7 37.5 – – – – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 10.73 10.1 32.8 8.60 7.8 30.8 – – –

Protective service, n.e.c. .................................... 11.03 4.9 29.4 8.38 9.1 25.3 12.45 4.8 32.1

 1 ................................................................... 5.98 6.7 32.2 5.53 2.9 35.1 7.20 9.4 26.3

 2 ................................................................... 6.37 5.6 20.1 6.23 6.8 19.3 6.82 7.6 22.9

 3 ................................................................... 9.07 8.4 26.5 7.03 5.2 24.7 10.32 8.1 27.8

 4 ................................................................... 9.55 3.3 31.0 9.14 7.3 26.9 9.70 3.8 32.7

 5 ................................................................... 13.82 8.3 30.7 16.33 18.2 36.5 13.06 6.3 29.3

 6 ................................................................... 14.58 8.4 39.8 – – – 14.08 9.3 40.4

 7 ................................................................... 15.66 11.3 40.5 – – – 15.59 11.4 40.5

Food service .......................................................... 6.53 .7 30.2 6.32 .7 30.3 8.74 1.4 29.5

 1 ................................................................... 5.58 .8 27.7 5.47 .8 27.8 7.18 1.3 25.8

 2 ................................................................... 5.73 1.2 30.5 5.51 1.4 30.9 7.98 2.2 27.2

 3 ................................................................... 6.42 1.5 30.3 6.21 1.5 30.2 8.73 1.7 31.1

 4 ................................................................... 8.49 1.5 35.1 8.32 1.7 34.9 9.90 2.8 36.2

 5 ................................................................... 9.81 2.8 37.7 9.38 3.4 38.0 11.51 2.4 36.5

 6 ................................................................... 12.09 2.5 40.9 11.86 2.9 41.4 13.89 6.6 37.8

 7 ................................................................... 13.43 3.0 41.0 13.42 3.2 41.1 13.51 3.6 40.0

 8 ................................................................... 17.02 3.1 40.6 17.16 3.1 41.0 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 17.71 10.9 41.8 17.51 12.0 41.9 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 10.52 9.7 35.2 9.84 13.9 33.2 – – –

Supervisors, food preparation and service ........ 10.81 1.8 38.4 10.70 2.1 38.5 11.48 3.0 37.4

 2 ................................................................... 6.59 4.5 23.4 6.60 4.5 23.3 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 7.12 4.5 34.8 7.08 4.6 34.7 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 8.86 2.4 37.5 8.74 2.8 37.6 9.72 5.0 36.8

 5 ................................................................... 10.29 2.1 39.1 10.03 2.4 39.8 11.09 3.0 37.4

 6 ................................................................... 12.43 2.6 41.1 12.19 2.7 41.7 13.95 7.4 37.7

 7 ................................................................... 13.62 3.1 41.1 13.64 3.3 41.2 13.42 3.9 40.0

 8 ................................................................... 16.66 3.7 40.3 16.82 3.7 40.8 – – –

 9 ................................................................... 19.12 8.5 40.5 19.02 9.4 40.6 – – –

Bartenders ......................................................... 5.98 3.4 29.3 5.98 3.4 29.3 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 5.03 9.3 23.1 5.03 9.3 23.1 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 5.32 5.2 27.6 5.32 5.2 27.6 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 5.98 5.7 29.6 5.98 5.7 29.6 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 6.70 7.1 30.9 6.70 7.1 30.9 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 6.54 6.9 33.1 6.54 6.9 33.1 – – –

Waiters and waitresses ...................................... 4.04 4.5 29.2 4.03 4.5 29.2 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 3.56 3.2 25.6 3.56 3.2 25.6 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 4.28 6.0 32.6 4.28 6.0 32.6 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 3.82 4.1 27.6 3.82 4.1 27.6 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
81

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Service –Continued

Food service –Continued

Waiters and waitresses –Continued

 4 ................................................................... $5.61 15.2 30.4 $5.61 15.2 30.4 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 3.95 26.7 31.4 3.95 26.7 31.4 – – –

Cooks ................................................................. 8.25 1.0 34.0 8.13 1.1 34.2 $9.14 2.8 32.4

 1 ................................................................... 6.50 4.3 30.1 6.15 3.3 30.0 8.02 9.7 30.3

 2 ................................................................... 6.93 1.4 32.3 6.82 1.5 32.9 7.60 3.4 29.3

 3 ................................................................... 7.94 1.3 33.4 7.82 1.5 33.4 8.71 2.1 33.2

 4 ................................................................... 8.71 1.3 35.7 8.61 1.4 35.8 9.80 3.0 34.9

 5 ................................................................... 10.00 3.3 37.0 9.57 3.3 37.6 12.31 6.1 34.2

 6 ................................................................... 11.80 5.3 40.2 11.75 5.4 40.3 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 12.29 6.7 41.1 12.11 6.8 41.2 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 18.47 4.9 42.0 18.47 4.9 42.0 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 12.99 16.8 33.9 – – – – – –

Food counter, fountain, and related ................... 5.94 1.4 25.5 5.85 1.2 25.6 7.70 5.0 25.5

 1 ................................................................... 5.61 1.3 24.4 5.59 1.3 24.6 6.69 4.5 18.1

 2 ................................................................... 6.15 5.0 25.3 5.94 4.8 24.9 7.94 7.2 29.7

 3 ................................................................... 6.39 3.5 29.5 6.27 3.6 29.7 8.12 7.5 27.2

 4 ................................................................... 8.88 9.6 34.1 8.88 9.6 34.1 – – –

Kitchen workers, food preparation ..................... 7.42 1.2 30.5 7.34 1.4 30.6 7.85 2.7 29.6

 1 ................................................................... 6.38 1.5 27.9 6.29 1.7 27.4 6.87 2.6 31.0

 2 ................................................................... 7.26 2.2 30.7 7.19 2.6 31.8 7.63 5.5 25.9

 3 ................................................................... 7.84 1.6 31.5 7.82 1.7 31.7 8.15 4.6 30.0

 4 ................................................................... 9.08 2.7 34.7 8.92 3.9 33.6 9.58 4.6 38.8

 5 ................................................................... 12.28 13.8 36.9 12.12 15.1 39.6 – – –

Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ......................... 5.40 2.6 27.4 5.37 2.6 27.4 9.65 10.7 22.5

 1 ................................................................... 5.09 2.0 27.1 5.09 2.0 27.2 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 6.11 9.8 28.8 5.94 10.5 28.9 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 6.30 6.8 27.8 6.30 6.8 27.8 – – –

Food preparation, n.e.c. ..................................... 6.55 1.5 29.8 6.29 1.0 30.3 8.24 1.7 27.2

 1 ................................................................... 6.14 .7 29.6 6.04 .9 30.2 7.20 1.8 24.7

 2 ................................................................... 6.78 2.8 29.4 6.38 2.8 30.2 8.30 3.3 26.7

 3 ................................................................... 7.83 2.9 30.1 7.29 3.9 29.9 9.01 2.5 30.5

 4 ................................................................... 9.60 4.7 35.9 9.16 4.4 36.6 11.00 10.9 33.9

 5 ................................................................... 10.82 7.6 39.5 9.71 11.6 39.2 – – –

Health service ........................................................ 8.45 .7 33.7 8.06 .7 33.1 10.18 1.8 36.8

 1 ................................................................... 7.03 2.4 30.8 7.00 2.7 30.2 7.17 3.0 36.4

 2 ................................................................... 7.37 1.2 33.9 7.19 1.1 33.5 8.48 4.1 37.0

 3 ................................................................... 8.09 1.0 33.2 7.85 1.1 32.7 9.49 2.0 36.6

 4 ................................................................... 9.32 1.4 34.4 9.03 1.6 34.0 10.37 2.6 36.0

 5 ................................................................... 11.27 2.2 35.8 10.58 2.7 34.6 12.21 3.3 37.6

 6 ................................................................... 13.42 3.6 32.2 13.51 4.3 29.4 13.26 6.1 39.1

 7 ................................................................... 15.24 4.4 36.5 13.81 6.4 31.0 15.88 5.6 39.7

 8 ................................................................... 15.93 6.2 34.0 15.93 6.2 34.0 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 11.13 6.4 32.9 11.47 7.5 35.6 – – –

Dental assistants ............................................... 10.14 4.2 33.6 10.51 4.8 32.3 9.44 8.0 36.5

 4 ................................................................... 10.51 4.8 36.9 10.88 4.0 35.4 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 10.12 7.7 29.2 – – – – – –

Health aides, except nursing ............................. 9.50 1.2 33.5 9.06 1.3 32.4 10.79 2.9 37.2

 1 ................................................................... 7.64 3.7 29.1 7.71 3.6 28.8 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 7.91 3.2 32.7 7.62 2.2 32.2 9.86 10.8 36.5

 3 ................................................................... 8.53 1.9 33.1 8.26 1.9 32.1 9.59 3.4 37.5

 4 ................................................................... 9.94 1.6 35.7 9.81 1.8 34.6 10.23 3.3 38.1

 5 ................................................................... 11.02 3.1 35.2 10.67 3.0 34.5 11.56 6.5 36.3

 6 ................................................................... 13.73 4.1 31.7 13.90 3.8 27.8 13.50 7.5 39.0

 7 ................................................................... 14.68 4.7 36.5 14.23 7.9 33.7 15.15 3.7 40.0

 8 ................................................................... 16.69 7.8 31.4 16.69 7.8 31.4 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 10.57 4.1 33.4 11.05 5.0 40.0 – – –

Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ............ 8.15 .9 33.7 7.81 .7 33.2 9.93 2.4 36.6

 1 ................................................................... 6.79 2.8 31.6 6.69 3.2 30.8 7.29 2.8 36.1

 2 ................................................................... 7.28 1.1 34.1 7.12 1.1 33.7 8.26 4.1 37.1

 3 ................................................................... 8.00 1.1 33.2 7.78 1.2 32.8 9.46 2.3 36.3

See footnotes at end of table.
82

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Service –Continued

Health service –Continued

Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants

–Continued

 4 ................................................................... $9.07 1.8 33.9 $8.78 1.9 33.8 $10.50 3.7 34.7

 5 ................................................................... 11.52 2.8 36.6 10.46 4.3 34.7 12.84 1.7 39.2

 6 ................................................................... 12.74 9.2 33.4 12.97 10.7 32.3 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 15.68 6.9 38.5 12.74 12.0 33.6 16.19 7.9 39.5

Not able to be leveled .................................... 12.13 12.0 32.2 11.88 13.0 32.1 – – –

Cleaning and building service ................................ 8.66 1.0 35.0 7.98 1.2 34.0 10.41 1.3 38.2

 1 ................................................................... 7.29 1.7 32.9 7.03 2.1 32.3 8.57 2.3 36.7

 2 ................................................................... 8.31 1.7 34.5 7.93 2.2 33.1 9.15 2.0 38.1

 3 ................................................................... 9.73 1.6 37.5 8.91 1.9 36.4 10.70 2.3 38.8

 4 ................................................................... 9.78 6.9 39.2 8.96 5.5 39.2 11.89 2.1 39.1

 5 ................................................................... 12.12 1.8 39.3 11.68 1.9 39.1 12.79 3.3 39.4

 6 ................................................................... 12.41 3.4 40.9 12.03 3.8 41.3 13.48 4.6 39.7

 7 ................................................................... 15.88 3.7 40.2 15.09 3.6 40.8 16.37 4.8 39.9

 8 ................................................................... 20.08 3.9 41.0 17.93 6.2 41.7 22.46 5.8 40.3

 9 ................................................................... 23.36 3.2 39.4 – – – – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 20.62 16.4 40.0 – – – – – –

Supervisors, cleaning and building service

workers ............................................................ 10.78 9.6 39.5 9.65 8.1 39.5 14.69 3.9 39.6

 3 ................................................................... 9.06 7.6 37.4 8.80 9.2 36.9 10.16 7.6 39.8

 4 ................................................................... – – – – – – 11.98 4.2 39.7

 5 ................................................................... 11.51 3.0 39.3 11.33 3.3 39.5 11.80 6.1 39.0

 6 ................................................................... 12.33 4.3 39.9 12.12 4.8 40.0 13.24 5.0 39.3

 7 ................................................................... 15.98 5.1 40.3 14.53 4.1 41.1 16.88 6.1 39.8

 8 ................................................................... 20.08 3.9 41.0 17.93 6.2 41.7 22.46 5.8 40.3

 9 ................................................................... 23.36 3.2 39.4 – – – – – –

Maids and housemen ........................................ 7.07 1.8 34.8 7.04 2.0 34.7 7.67 6.5 37.9

 1 ................................................................... 6.65 2.4 35.4 6.65 2.5 35.3 6.81 7.2 37.7

 2 ................................................................... 7.00 1.9 32.7 6.98 2.0 32.4 7.34 5.3 38.7

 3 ................................................................... 8.77 4.0 36.0 8.63 4.2 36.0 – – –

 4 ................................................................... 10.30 5.2 38.7 10.12 5.7 38.6 – – –

Janitors and cleaners ......................................... 8.72 1.1 34.5 8.00 1.6 32.9 10.10 1.3 38.1

 1 ................................................................... 7.47 2.0 32.3 7.16 2.6 31.3 8.69 2.2 36.6

 2 ................................................................... 8.69 1.9 35.1 8.34 2.7 33.4 9.25 2.2 38.0

 3 ................................................................... 9.93 1.7 37.8 9.01 2.1 36.5 10.72 2.6 38.9

 4 ................................................................... 11.18 2.2 38.6 10.44 3.4 38.2 11.83 2.2 39.1

 5 ................................................................... 12.63 2.8 39.3 11.91 2.5 39.0 13.68 3.9 39.7

 6 ................................................................... 13.17 3.7 40.1 12.81 3.4 40.1 13.66 6.8 40.0

 7 ................................................................... 15.44 2.3 40.0 16.41 4.9 40.0 15.00 1.4 40.0

Pest control ........................................................ 10.72 8.8 42.2 – – – 10.21 18.8 36.2

 3 ................................................................... 6.74 5.0 30.7 – – – – – –

Personal service .................................................... 8.74 1.4 29.8 8.65 1.7 30.2 9.11 2.0 28.1

 1 ................................................................... 5.70 3.6 27.0 5.45 2.8 28.3 7.13 5.5 21.3

 2 ................................................................... 6.31 4.0 28.5 6.00 2.9 28.8 7.91 3.0 27.0

 3 ................................................................... 7.73 1.8 30.0 7.43 2.2 30.4 8.44 2.9 29.2

 4 ................................................................... 10.25 3.0 32.1 10.26 3.6 31.8 10.23 4.9 33.4

 5 ................................................................... 13.37 4.9 30.5 14.18 6.6 29.3 11.41 4.0 33.8

 6 ................................................................... 11.39 4.9 32.1 11.14 5.7 32.8 12.64 6.1 28.9

 7 ................................................................... – – – – – – 15.79 9.5 38.4

 8 ................................................................... 16.09 3.7 38.8 15.66 4.8 39.0 17.08 3.5 38.4

 9 ................................................................... 18.76 7.3 34.2 – – – – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 8.67 9.7 33.4 8.33 9.5 37.7 9.31 19.7 27.3

Supervisors, personal service ............................ 16.62 1.7 38.7 – – – 14.67 6.1 35.3

 3 ................................................................... 7.22 9.1 18.6 – – – – – –

 4 ................................................................... 9.34 8.7 36.0 8.67 7.8 35.0 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 9.10 5.5 36.2 8.98 6.0 37.1 10.49 1.9 27.8

 6 ................................................................... 13.31 4.6 39.3 13.27 5.5 39.2 13.49 5.1 39.6

 8 ................................................................... 17.05 4.1 39.9 16.98 6.2 40.9 – – –

Attendants, amusement, and recreation

facilities ............................................................ 6.19 4.4 30.6 6.07 4.3 31.5 7.14 3.4 25.1

See footnotes at end of table.
83

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Service –Continued

Personal service –Continued

Attendants, amusement, and recreation

facilities –Continued

 1 ................................................................... $5.54 2.6 24.5 $5.46 4.1 27.3 $5.71 1.7 20.3

 2 ................................................................... – – – – – – 6.75 3.7 26.0

 3 ................................................................... 7.04 5.9 33.7 7.03 6.7 35.2 7.18 6.0 25.1

 4 ................................................................... 7.41 8.6 34.0 6.57 6.0 33.2 9.86 3.3 36.5

 5 ................................................................... 7.05 17.3 33.9 6.85 17.8 33.6 – – –

Guides ............................................................... 8.79 10.6 26.6 7.97 6.6 27.2 12.49 27.4 24.3

 1 ................................................................... 6.77 5.8 22.1 – – – – – –

 3 ................................................................... 6.59 1.7 27.3 6.57 1.9 27.5 – – –

Ushers ............................................................... 5.97 3.1 18.4 5.96 3.1 18.9 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 5.63 5.1 14.2 5.62 5.1 14.7 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 6.21 5.1 15.8 6.21 5.1 15.8 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 7.12 1.1 21.0 7.12 1.1 21.0 – – –

Public transportation attendants ........................ 21.73 7.5 23.1 22.62 8.4 22.1 14.53 10.1 35.3

 1 ................................................................... 7.93 8.7 25.8 7.54 15.1 23.2 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 13.29 23.2 28.9 – – – – – –

 4 ................................................................... 22.60 10.4 22.7 23.10 11.5 21.7 – – –

 5 ................................................................... 26.58 5.6 21.6 27.54 5.5 20.8 – – –

 6 ................................................................... 15.53 4.1 26.6 15.53 4.1 26.6 – – –

Baggage porters and bellhops ........................... 6.90 6.4 35.6 6.90 6.4 35.6 – – –

 1 ................................................................... 4.78 3.9 35.5 4.78 3.9 35.5 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 5.42 9.0 37.9 5.42 9.0 37.9 – – –

 3 ................................................................... 10.00 9.1 34.5 10.00 9.1 34.5 – – –

Welfare service aides ........................................ 7.13 6.8 27.5 6.70 7.1 26.5 9.07 5.9 33.4

 1 ................................................................... 5.18 3.5 26.3 5.14 3.7 25.8 – – –

 2 ................................................................... 6.53 6.4 21.9 6.40 6.9 21.3 7.62 6.5 28.3

 3 ................................................................... 7.70 3.3 31.6 7.39 2.9 31.1 8.59 5.9 33.0

 4 ................................................................... 8.99 2.9 32.9 8.61 2.8 33.3 11.00 3.2 31.0

 5 ................................................................... 11.14 7.0 36.1 9.13 4.4 34.5 12.37 7.8 37.2

 6 ................................................................... 12.01 6.4 35.3 12.69 5.3 34.0 – – –

Early childhood teachers’ assistants .................. 7.65 2.1 28.6 6.70 3.0 25.9 8.33 2.5 30.9

 1 ................................................................... 6.76 5.7 21.9 5.58 1.3 18.3 7.50 4.6 24.9

 2 ................................................................... 6.86 3.9 29.3 6.10 3.9 27.2 7.65 4.1 31.7

 3 ................................................................... 7.63 3.5 28.9 6.54 2.6 25.5 8.23 4.7 31.3

 4 ................................................................... 8.73 4.7 33.8 7.85 5.8 32.5 9.23 6.4 34.6

 5 ................................................................... 10.06 6.5 32.4 – – – 9.69 7.7 32.6

 6 ................................................................... 9.54 19.2 28.7 8.56 24.2 26.4 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 10.38 15.1 29.7 – – – – – –

Child care workers, n.e.c. .................................. 8.28 2.2 26.3 7.72 2.3 28.6 9.21 3.8 23.3

 1 ................................................................... 6.37 3.3 18.3 6.19 5.4 22.0 6.60 4.3 15.1

 2 ................................................................... 7.69 5.2 23.7 6.31 3.0 23.8 8.97 3.9 23.7

 3 ................................................................... 8.09 4.2 27.5 7.22 3.5 27.9 8.82 6.3 27.2

 4 ................................................................... 8.27 2.9 31.4 7.94 2.6 32.9 9.73 7.3 26.2

 5 ................................................................... 9.93 5.7 31.0 9.58 4.4 31.0 10.88 10.8 31.2

 6 ................................................................... 9.54 6.0 24.4 8.58 5.6 27.2 11.84 6.8 19.6

 7 ................................................................... 12.14 14.1 39.2 9.96 6.6 40.0 – – –

 8 ................................................................... 10.73 2.1 40.6 10.73 2.1 40.6 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
84

Table 3-1. Selected occupations1 and levels:2 Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and local

government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local

 government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Service –Continued

Personal service –Continued

Service, n.e.c. .................................................... $7.24 8.2 31.4 $6.91 8.2 31.9 $10.14 3.2 27.9

 1 ................................................................... 5.72 7.3 31.9 5.53 5.6 32.4 9.76 10.4 23.9

 2 ................................................................... 6.72 2.8 29.5 6.64 2.7 30.9 7.63 7.1 19.4

 3 ................................................................... 7.87 2.7 28.6 7.72 3.1 28.8 9.08 4.4 27.4

 4 ................................................................... 9.51 3.0 34.5 9.10 3.4 34.2 10.73 4.5 35.5

 5 ................................................................... 10.35 5.0 33.8 9.92 7.6 34.0 11.07 2.2 33.4

 6 ................................................................... 10.17 6.8 37.7 10.11 7.0 37.9 – – –

 7 ................................................................... 20.93 19.4 24.1 – – – – – –

 8 ................................................................... 11.73 4.5 26.9 11.73 4.5 26.9 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 8.88 12.1 34.4 8.25 9.7 37.5 – – –

1 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all

workers in the civilian economy. For more information, see appendix B. 2 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based

on 10 factors, including knowledge, complexity, work environment, etc. Points are assigned

based on the occupation’s rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the

overall level of the occupation. See appendixes C and D for more information. 3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They

include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium

pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is

computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,

weighted by hours. 4 This survey covers the 48 contiguous States. Collection was conducted between

October 1996 and July 1998. The average reference period was August 1997. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the

estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For

more information about RSEs, see appendix A.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication

criteria. Occupational groups may include data for levels not shown separately.
85

Table 4-1. Collective bargaining status:1 Mean hourly earnings 2 by occupational group,3 National

Compensation Survey,4 1997

Occupational group

Total Private industry State and local

government

Union Nonunion Union Nonunion Union Nonunion

Mean

All ......................................................................... $16.91 $14.56 $14.90 $14.29 $19.74 $16.20

White collar ..................................................... 20.82 18.18 17.57 18.12 22.23 18.47

White collar excluding sales ..................... 21.59 19.00 19.61 19.12 22.26 18.53

Professional specialty and technical ............. 26.97 21.74 26.05 22.03 27.19 20.93

Professional specialty ............................... 27.76 23.72 25.35 24.44 28.12 22.04

Technical .................................................. 22.18 15.77 26.98 16.08 15.52 13.96

Executive, administrative, and managerial ... 22.50 27.37 22.74 27.91 22.48 24.60

Sales ............................................................. 10.77 12.98 10.60 13.01 14.77 9.23

Administrative support, including clerical ...... 13.34 11.18 14.60 11.28 12.56 10.70

Blue collar ....................................................... 15.07 10.95 15.00 10.89 15.63 11.83

Precision production, craft, and repair .......... 18.01 14.53 18.10 14.59 17.49 13.90

Machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors ................................................... 13.83 9.75 13.82 9.75 14.42 9.81

Transportation and material moving ............. 15.62 11.65 15.81 11.81 14.94 10.57

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ....................................................... 11.76 8.33 11.56 8.25 13.16 9.73

Service ............................................................. 13.44 7.81 9.81 7.19 15.71 10.72

Protective service ......................................... 18.38 10.62 11.12 8.07 18.85 13.46

Food service ................................................. 8.79 6.29 8.28 6.17 9.90 8.11

Health service ............................................... 10.11 7.99 8.80 7.92 12.14 8.48

Cleaning and building service ....................... 10.76 7.75 9.70 7.46 12.07 8.84

Personal service ........................................... 12.47 8.09 15.02 8.05 10.25 8.31

Relative error5 (percent)

All ......................................................................... 0.9 0.7 1.3 0.8 1.0 0.9

White collar ..................................................... 1.1 .7 1.6 .8 1.6 .7

White collar excluding sales ..................... 1.2 .6 1.7 .7 1.6 .7

Professional specialty and technical ............. 1.0 .6 2.7 .7 1.1 .9

Professional specialty ............................... 1.0 .6 3.2 .7 1.1 1.0

Technical .................................................. 3.6 .8 4.6 .8 2.1 1.6

Executive, administrative, and managerial ... 3.9 .8 4.8 .8 4.2 1.2

Sales ............................................................. 2.6 3.9 2.8 3.9 4.7 3.8

Administrative support, including clerical ...... 1.4 .6 1.4 .7 1.7 .9

Blue collar ....................................................... 1.5 .8 1.7 .8 1.3 1.4

Precision production, craft, and repair .......... 2.7 1.0 3.1 1.1 1.9 1.8

Machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors ................................................... 2.1 1.0 2.1 1.0 6.2 6.1

Transportation and material moving ............. 1.6 2.3 2.0 2.5 1.8 1.6

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ....................................................... 2.0 .8 2.2 .9 2.5 2.4

Service ............................................................. 1.5 .6 2.1 .4 1.4 1.2

Protective service ......................................... 1.5 1.6 8.1 2.1 1.4 2.1

Food service ................................................. 2.0 .7 2.7 .9 1.7 2.0

Health service ............................................... 2.5 .7 2.8 .7 1.6 2.0

Cleaning and building service ....................... 2.4 .7 3.9 1.0 1.7 1.2

Personal service ........................................... 4.0 1.3 7.3 1.5 3.2 1.9

1 Union workers are those whose wages are determined through

collective bargaining. 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to

employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and

hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and

holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is computed by

totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,

weighted by hours. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is

used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. For more information,

see appendix B. 4 This survey covers the 48 contiguous States. Collection was

conducted between October 1996 and July 1998. The average reference

period was August 1997. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as

a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence

interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs,

see appendix A.
86

Table 5-1. Time and incentive pay:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by occupational

group3 in private industry, National Compensation Survey,4 1997

Occupational group

Time Incentive

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

All ......................................................................... $14.31 0.7 36.4 $16.21 2.7 38.3

White collar ..................................................... 17.99 .8 36.7 20.03 3.5 37.3

White collar excluding sales ..................... 19.13 .7 37.6 20.27 6.7 37.8

Professional specialty and technical ............. 22.29 .7 36.6 24.05 11.7 38.7

Professional specialty ............................... 24.49 .7 36.6 25.44 15.5 40.7

Technical .................................................. 17.13 1.0 36.6 21.17 16.4 35.1

Executive, administrative, and managerial ... 27.79 .8 40.5 31.33 7.3 42.6

Sales ............................................................. 10.87 3.1 32.0 19.96 4.0 37.2

Administrative support, including clerical ...... 11.54 .7 37.1 11.52 6.2 34.8

Blue collar ....................................................... 12.21 .9 38.3 12.72 2.9 40.0

Precision production, craft, and repair .......... 15.81 1.4 39.7 17.67 2.4 40.8

Machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors ................................................... 11.08 1.1 39.6 10.40 3.4 39.2

Transportation and material moving ............. 13.11 1.5 37.7 15.03 2.5 45.5

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ....................................................... 9.15 1.0 35.3 10.13 4.3 33.9

Service ............................................................. 7.51 .6 31.8 7.25 6.2 32.9

Protective service ......................................... 8.28 2.0 34.8 – – –

Food service ................................................. 6.35 .7 30.3 4.24 8.3 28.5

Health service ............................................... 8.06 .7 33.1 – – –

Cleaning and building service ....................... 7.98 1.2 33.9 9.49 6.8 41.6

Personal service ........................................... 8.63 1.8 30.0 – – –

1 Wages of time workers are based solely on hourly rate or

salary; incentive workers are those whose wages are at least

partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates,

commissions, and production bonuses. 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid

to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living

adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for

overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and

tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers

and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual

occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy.

For more information, see appendix B. 4 This survey covers the 48 contiguous States. Collection

was conducted between October 1996 and July 1998. The

average reference period was August 1997. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error

expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to

calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For

more information about RSEs, see appendix A.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data

did not meet publication criteria. 
87

Table 6-1. Goods-producing and service-producing industries: Mean hourly earnings1 and

weekly hours by occupational group2 in private industry, National Compensation Survey,3 1997

Occupational group

Goods-producing industries Service-producing industries

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error4

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error4

(percent)

All ......................................................................... $15.45 1.0 39.8 $13.85 0.9 34.9

White collar ..................................................... 22.08 .8 39.8 17.00 .9 36.0

White collar excluding sales ..................... 22.05 .8 39.9 18.23 .9 37.0

Professional specialty and technical ............. 24.25 .9 40.0 21.60 .8 35.5

Professional specialty ............................... 27.05 1.0 40.1 23.57 .9 35.5

Technical .................................................. 17.57 1.3 39.7 17.00 1.3 35.6

Executive, administrative, and managerial ... 29.61 1.0 41.0 27.10 1.1 40.3

Sales ............................................................. 22.76 2.7 38.2 12.06 3.6 32.7

Administrative support, including clerical ...... 12.58 1.1 39.0 11.30 .7 36.7

Blue collar ....................................................... 12.51 1.1 39.8 11.74 1.3 35.9

Precision production, craft, and repair .......... 15.74 1.8 40.0 16.17 1.3 39.4

Machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors ................................................... 11.34 1.2 39.8 8.42 2.0 37.7

Transportation and material moving ............. 13.40 2.2 40.1 13.25 1.8 37.5

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ....................................................... 9.86 1.2 39.4 8.63 1.5 32.5

Service ............................................................. 10.89 2.0 38.5 7.42 .6 31.7

Protective service ......................................... 12.16 4.8 37.8 8.11 2.2 34.7

Food service ................................................. 10.17 10.8 38.5 6.32 .7 30.3

Health service ............................................... – – – 8.06 .7 33.1

Cleaning and building service ....................... 10.64 2.2 38.6 7.69 1.4 33.5

Personal service ........................................... 9.73 8.1 39.4 8.65 1.7 30.2

1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid

to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living

adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for

overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and

tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers

and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 A classification system including about 480 individual

occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy.

For more information, see appendix B. 3 This survey covers the 48 contiguous States. Collection

was conducted between October 1996 and July 1998. The

average reference period was August 1997. 4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error

expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to

calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For

more information about RSEs, see appendix A.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data

did not meet publication criteria. 
88

Table 6-2. Major industry division: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours by occupational group2 in private

industry, National Compensation Survey,3 1997

Occupational group

Mining Construction Manufacturing

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error4

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error4

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error4

(percent)

All ..................................................... $22.18 2.8 40.3 $16.34 1.7 39.9 $15.26 1.1 39.8

White collar ................................. 28.17 3.5 40.4 20.41 2.4 40.4 22.05 .9 39.8

White collar excluding sales 27.97 3.7 40.4 20.15 2.6 40.5 22.03 .9 39.9

Professional specialty and

technical ................................. 31.76 5.5 40.4 22.86 4.3 40.9 24.11 .9 39.9

Professional specialty ........... 35.77 4.3 40.5 25.37 4.5 41.3 26.90 1.0 40.0

Technical .............................. 20.30 3.7 40.2 15.90 5.5 39.6 17.55 1.3 39.7

Executive, administrative, and

managerial .............................. 33.08 3.6 40.9 25.17 2.8 41.7 29.99 1.0 40.9

Sales ......................................... 35.95 12.9 40.0 24.23 7.6 39.5 22.52 2.8 38.1

Administrative support,

including clerical ..................... 15.56 5.0 39.8 11.76 2.2 38.7 12.58 1.1 39.0

Blue collar ................................... 17.78 4.4 40.3 15.25 2.1 39.8 12.14 1.2 39.8

Precision production, craft, and

repair ...................................... 19.61 3.1 40.3 17.00 2.0 39.7 15.25 2.2 40.0

Machine operators,

assemblers, and inspectors .... 15.38 7.0 40.1 12.22 7.3 39.3 11.33 1.2 39.8

Transportation and material

moving .................................... 15.61 10.3 41.1 14.95 5.5 40.2 12.99 2.4 40.0

Handlers, equipment cleaners,

helpers, and laborers .............. 12.77 10.9 38.8 10.83 3.6 40.0 9.67 1.3 39.3

Service ......................................... 12.73 7.9 37.9 11.29 8.5 33.5 10.87 2.1 38.6

Protective service ..................... – – – – – – 12.24 5.0 37.9

Food service ............................. – – – – – – 10.17 10.8 38.5

Health service ........................... – – – – – – – – –

Cleaning and building service ... – – – 11.90 10.4 32.0 10.63 2.3 38.7

Personal service ....................... – – – – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
89

Table 6-2. Major industry division: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours by occupational group2 in private

industry, National Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupational group

Transportation5 Public utilities5 Wholesale trade

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error4

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error4

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error4

(percent)

All ..................................................... $16.35 1.5 35.8 $20.06 1.5 39.6 $16.11 2.7 39.6

White collar ................................. 18.87 3.3 35.9 20.37 1.9 39.5 19.53 3.3 39.9

White collar excluding sales 18.87 3.5 35.7 20.45 1.8 39.5 19.03 3.1 39.9

Professional specialty and

technical ................................. 34.08 9.2 31.1 23.88 2.3 39.3 22.80 4.8 40.5

Professional specialty ........... 23.20 4.4 40.2 26.55 2.6 39.8 26.12 4.1 40.5

Technical .............................. 38.11 10.8 28.7 19.92 2.9 38.7 16.34 5.4 40.5

Executive, administrative, and

managerial .............................. 25.39 3.3 40.9 28.40 2.6 40.3 29.65 3.7 41.3

Sales ......................................... 18.99 4.4 39.1 19.23 7.2 40.0 20.87 6.4 39.9

Administrative support,

including clerical ..................... 12.38 3.2 35.9 14.74 1.8 39.2 11.55 1.9 38.9

Blue collar ................................... 14.78 1.8 36.8 19.36 1.7 39.9 11.69 2.0 39.3

Precision production, craft, and

repair ...................................... 18.23 2.8 40.1 19.96 1.7 40.0 14.12 4.9 39.9

Machine operators,

assemblers, and inspectors .... 15.77 5.8 40.0 17.27 13.4 40.0 10.02 3.2 39.4

Transportation and material

moving .................................... 14.74 1.9 38.2 16.94 3.3 39.8 13.13 2.8 39.9

Handlers, equipment cleaners,

helpers, and laborers .............. 12.42 4.3 31.8 13.53 4.8 39.1 9.98 2.5 38.4

Service ......................................... 18.41 8.2 25.6 13.31 8.1 38.3 9.97 4.9 35.2

Protective service ..................... 17.54 14.4 37.3 13.52 13.8 40.4 11.58 7.4 27.5

Food service ............................. 8.86 12.7 37.3 – – – 7.06 8.6 33.0

Health service ........................... – – – – – – – – –

Cleaning and building service ... 9.69 8.5 36.6 12.90 10.5 37.2 10.34 6.6 38.0

Personal service ....................... 20.35 9.0 23.8 – – – 10.41 6.5 32.1

See footnotes at end of table.
90

Table 6-2. Major industry division: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours by occupational group2 in private industry, National

Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupational group

Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real

estate Services Health services

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error4

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error4

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error4

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error4

(percent)

All ..................................................... $9.56 1.2 31.2 $18.50 2.1 37.8 $13.47 1.0 35.1 $14.25 0.8 34.2

White collar ................................. 11.20 1.5 32.5 19.11 2.0 38.1 17.56 1.0 36.0 17.29 .7 34.8

White collar excluding sales 14.48 2.5 37.4 18.57 1.9 38.1 18.15 1.0 36.1 17.32 .7 34.8

Professional specialty and

technical ................................. 20.73 3.4 36.9 25.25 3.0 38.6 20.79 .9 35.0 18.81 .7 33.9

Professional specialty ........... 22.39 3.0 37.2 27.17 2.8 38.7 23.07 1.0 34.8 21.46 .8 33.5

Technical .............................. 14.96 8.1 36.0 20.14 8.1 38.1 14.98 1.0 35.6 13.85 .8 34.7

Executive, administrative, and

managerial .............................. 23.35 3.4 41.9 28.67 2.3 39.8 26.29 1.6 40.0 25.62 1.7 39.5

Sales ......................................... 9.76 1.4 30.7 27.43 8.7 37.5 10.40 11.0 35.1 14.55 11.2 34.9

Administrative support,

including clerical ..................... 9.76 1.1 35.8 11.87 1.3 37.2 10.50 .9 36.0 10.49 .9 35.9

Blue collar ................................... 9.85 1.8 32.0 12.23 7.6 38.0 9.21 1.8 36.4 11.11 2.2 36.6

Precision production, craft, and

repair ...................................... 14.80 2.8 39.1 15.29 7.7 38.6 14.15 2.3 38.6 14.90 2.3 38.6

Machine operators,

assemblers, and inspectors .... 9.76 6.7 36.4 14.88 7.8 37.9 7.36 1.7 37.2 7.66 3.5 35.3

Transportation and material

moving .................................... 9.78 3.6 35.3 9.10 4.7 33.0 9.55 2.9 33.9 8.83 4.5 35.2

Handlers, equipment cleaners,

helpers, and laborers .............. 7.62 1.5 29.0 9.92 10.6 39.0 7.35 2.1 35.3 9.16 3.5 35.6

Service ......................................... 6.30 .9 28.5 8.55 3.3 31.7 7.58 .6 33.2 8.06 .7 32.8

Protective service ..................... 9.76 5.5 30.4 10.48 5.4 30.8 7.83 2.7 35.2 10.22 4.0 33.1

Food service ............................. 6.09 1.0 28.2 8.14 10.1 27.9 6.59 1.1 33.9 7.82 1.2 31.7

Health service ........................... 7.88 2.2 30.5 7.27 5.2 32.5 8.07 .7 33.1 8.18 .8 33.1

Cleaning and building service ... 7.54 3.1 31.8 8.17 4.4 35.4 7.61 1.6 33.5 7.84 1.5 35.2

Personal service ....................... 7.13 2.7 30.6 7.44 6.6 26.6 7.91 1.4 30.8 7.29 9.3 27.7

1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They

include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium

pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is

computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,

weighted by hours. 2 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all

workers in the civilian economy. For more information, see appendix B. 3 This survey covers the 48 contiguous States. Collection was conducted between

October 1996 and July 1998. The average reference period was August 1997. 4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the

estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For

more information about RSEs, see appendix A. 5 The transportation, communications, electric, gas, and sanitary services major

industry division is separated into 2 parts to provide greater detail. Transportation includes

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) groups 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, and 47. Public

utilities consist of SIC groups 48 and 49. The National Compensation Survey excludes the

United States Postal Service, SIC 43.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication

criteria. 
91

Table 7-1. United States, establishment employment size: Mean hourly earnings1 by

occupational group,2 National Compensation Survey,3 1997

Occupational group 50-99

workers

100-499

workers

500-999

workers

1000-2499

workers

2500 or

more

workers

Mean

All ......................................................................... $12.52 $13.68 $16.15 $15.54 $19.32

White collar ..................................................... 16.13 17.02 20.14 18.99 21.35

White collar excluding sales ..................... 17.01 18.00 20.40 20.08 21.45

Professional specialty and technical ............. 19.75 21.33 23.57 23.11 24.64

Professional specialty ............................... 21.50 23.57 25.92 24.79 25.73

Technical .................................................. 15.47 15.30 15.79 16.77 19.51

Executive, administrative, and managerial ... 25.46 26.34 28.74 28.31 27.04

Sales ............................................................. 13.56 12.55 15.36 9.83 16.67

Administrative support, including clerical ...... 10.87 11.14 11.73 11.75 12.45

Blue collar ....................................................... 11.31 11.48 12.45 13.99 16.41

Precision production, craft, and repair .......... 15.26 15.19 15.63 16.87 18.12

Machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors ................................................... 9.07 10.16 11.04 13.51 17.29

Transportation and material moving ............. 11.84 12.61 14.31 14.92 14.97

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ....................................................... 8.47 9.12 9.58 10.03 12.16

Service ............................................................. 6.66 8.15 9.78 9.13 13.59

Protective service ......................................... 9.48 11.03 13.05 12.94 18.06

Food service ................................................. 5.87 6.70 7.49 6.53 8.63

Health service ............................................... 7.09 7.94 8.83 9.05 10.42

Cleaning and building service ....................... 7.46 8.01 9.54 8.70 10.36

Personal service ........................................... 7.09 7.90 8.11 8.84 12.25

Relative error4 (percent)

All ......................................................................... 1.2 0.7 1.5 6.8 0.9

White collar ..................................................... 1.5 .9 1.4 4.6 1.0

White collar excluding sales ..................... 1.5 .8 1.3 1.5 1.0

Professional specialty and technical ............. 2.3 1.0 1.3 1.1 .8

Professional specialty ............................... 2.8 1.1 1.3 1.2 .8

Technical .................................................. 2.6 1.3 1.6 1.7 2.6

Executive, administrative, and managerial ... 2.2 1.0 2.0 1.9 2.3

Sales ............................................................. 3.4 2.6 9.5 11.8 8.9

Administrative support, including clerical ...... .9 .9 1.2 1.3 1.0

Blue collar ....................................................... 1.5 1.0 2.6 2.9 1.5

Precision production, craft, and repair .......... 1.5 1.5 5.7 2.5 1.4

Machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors ................................................... 3.0 1.2 2.4 2.6 1.5

Transportation and material moving ............. 2.2 1.6 4.5 2.8 1.5

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ....................................................... 1.4 1.3 2.8 5.7 2.8

Service ............................................................. 1.2 1.0 2.2 6.4 1.8

Protective service ......................................... 6.7 3.4 4.6 5.9 1.7

Food service ................................................. 1.1 1.2 2.6 9.3 2.6

Health service ............................................... 1.7 1.0 2.8 2.0 1.9

Cleaning and building service ....................... 1.8 1.2 4.1 2.3 2.0

Personal service ........................................... 3.2 2.3 4.6 2.5 5.2

1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid

to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living

adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for

overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and

tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and

dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 A classification system including about 480 individual

occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy.

For more information, see appendix B. 3 This survey covers the 48 contiguous States. Collection was

conducted between October 1996 and July 1998. The average

reference period was August 1997. 4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error

expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to

calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For

more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
92

Table 7-2. Private Industry, establishment employment size: Mean hourly earnings1 by

occupational group,2 National Compensation Survey,3 1997

Occupational group 50-99

workers

100-499

workers

500-999

workers

1000-2499

workers

2500 or

more

workers

Mean

All ......................................................................... $12.44 $13.32 $15.66 $14.91 $20.21

White collar ..................................................... 16.09 16.66 19.80 18.51 22.72

White collar excluding sales ..................... 17.04 17.73 20.08 20.00 22.94

Professional specialty and technical ............. 19.63 20.62 22.55 22.78 25.74

Professional specialty ............................... 21.61 23.08 25.44 24.88 26.88

Technical .................................................. 15.55 15.52 16.09 17.30 22.35

Executive, administrative, and managerial ... 25.80 26.70 29.22 29.46 30.43

Sales ............................................................. 13.56 12.57 15.63 9.80 17.29

Administrative support, including clerical ...... 10.94 11.20 11.87 11.92 12.90

Blue collar ....................................................... 11.31 11.42 12.38 14.00 17.14

Precision production, craft, and repair .......... 15.31 15.20 15.67 17.08 19.18

Machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors ................................................... 9.07 10.16 11.03 13.52 17.44

Transportation and material moving ............. 11.96 12.64 14.53 15.47 –

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ....................................................... 8.41 9.03 9.51 9.84 12.16

Service ............................................................. 6.42 7.37 8.02 7.87 10.85

Protective service ......................................... 7.74 7.35 8.53 9.09 12.62

Food service ................................................. 5.85 6.60 7.26 6.25 8.18

Health service ............................................... 7.08 7.88 8.15 8.78 9.70

Cleaning and building service ....................... 7.37 7.66 8.63 8.10 9.93

Personal service ........................................... 7.09 7.77 7.74 – 15.56

Relative error4 (percent)

All ......................................................................... 1.3 0.8 1.7 8.5 1.6

White collar ..................................................... 1.6 1.1 1.7 6.2 1.5

White collar excluding sales ..................... 1.6 1.0 1.7 1.9 1.4

Professional specialty and technical ............. 2.5 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.3

Professional specialty ............................... 3.0 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.2

Technical .................................................. 2.7 1.5 1.7 1.8 3.3

Executive, administrative, and managerial ... 2.3 1.1 2.3 2.3 2.3

Sales ............................................................. 3.4 2.6 9.8 11.8 10.1

Administrative support, including clerical ...... 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.6 1.2

Blue collar ....................................................... 1.6 1.1 2.8 3.2 2.0

Precision production, craft, and repair .......... 1.5 1.6 6.3 2.9 1.5

Machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors ................................................... 3.0 1.2 2.4 2.6 1.6

Transportation and material moving ............. 2.2 1.7 5.4 3.3 –

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ....................................................... 1.5 1.5 3.0 6.2 4.2

Service ............................................................. 1.0 .6 2.3 2.5 3.1

Protective service ......................................... 7.3 1.8 3.8 3.5 5.1

Food service ................................................. 1.1 1.2 3.2 8.1 4.9

Health service ............................................... 1.9 1.0 2.7 2.2 2.1

Cleaning and building service ....................... 2.1 1.3 7.1 2.1 3.8

Personal service ........................................... 3.4 2.6 6.3 – 10.9

1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid

to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living

adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for

overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and

tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and

dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 A classification system including about 480 individual

occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy.

For more information, see appendix B. 3 This survey covers the 48 contiguous States. Collection was

conducted between October 1996 and July 1998. The average

reference period was August 1997. 4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error

expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to

calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For

more information about RSEs, see appendix A.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data

did not meet publication criteria. 
93

Table 7-3. State and local government, establishment employment size: Mean hourly earnings1

by occupational group,2 National Compensation Survey,3 1997

Occupational group 50-99

workers

100-499

workers

500-999

workers

1000-2499

workers

2500 or

more

workers

Mean

All ......................................................................... $13.96 $16.89 $18.20 $17.51 $18.57

White collar ..................................................... 16.67 19.37 21.29 20.21 20.26

White collar excluding sales ..................... 16.69 19.42 21.40 20.25 20.29

Professional specialty and technical ............. 20.41 23.39 25.60 23.64 23.85

Professional specialty ............................... 21.05 24.66 26.64 24.66 25.02

Technical .................................................. 13.56 13.41 13.51 14.36 15.10

Executive, administrative, and managerial ... 20.39 23.21 26.00 24.53 23.89

Sales ............................................................. 11.39 8.97 9.43 12.16 12.47

Administrative support, including clerical ...... 9.83 10.69 11.14 11.26 12.11

Blue collar ....................................................... 11.44 12.87 13.53 13.85 14.78

Precision production, craft, and repair .......... 13.79 14.98 15.23 15.79 16.37

Machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors ................................................... – 10.24 11.70 12.36 14.08

Transportation and material moving ............. 10.30 12.37 13.25 12.83 13.99

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ....................................................... 10.10 11.12 10.58 11.41 12.15

Service ............................................................. 10.06 12.33 12.69 12.48 14.63

Protective service ......................................... 12.74 15.20 15.72 15.08 18.45

Food service ................................................. 8.41 8.26 8.56 8.90 9.03

Health service ............................................... 7.16 8.96 10.92 9.80 11.14

Cleaning and building service ....................... 8.32 10.03 11.12 10.37 10.58

Personal service ........................................... 7.09 8.83 8.68 9.28 9.61

Relative error4 (percent)

All ......................................................................... 3.6 1.4 1.8 1.9 1.0

White collar ..................................................... 4.3 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.3

White collar excluding sales ..................... 4.3 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.3

Professional specialty and technical ............. 6.4 1.7 2.2 2.1 1.1

Professional specialty ............................... 6.8 1.6 2.1 2.2 1.1

Technical .................................................. 9.0 2.1 3.0 3.1 2.2

Executive, administrative, and managerial ... 5.2 2.4 2.7 2.2 3.2

Sales ............................................................. 14.3 6.2 7.7 7.7 8.3

Administrative support, including clerical ...... 3.0 1.7 1.9 1.5 1.5

Blue collar ....................................................... 5.5 2.4 2.3 2.6 1.9

Precision production, craft, and repair .......... 8.3 3.0 3.3 3.6 2.6

Machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors ................................................... – 11.4 7.6 8.1 7.9

Transportation and material moving ............. 4.2 3.5 3.1 3.4 2.5

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ....................................................... 8.3 3.3 3.6 3.8 4.2

Service ............................................................. 6.9 2.4 2.7 2.6 1.8

Protective service ......................................... 8.3 2.9 3.2 5.9 1.8

Food service ................................................. 14.3 3.6 4.0 3.1 1.9

Health service ............................................... 5.1 5.1 2.6 3.1 2.9

Cleaning and building service ....................... 4.2 2.4 3.1 2.7 2.3

Personal service ........................................... 8.2 3.9 5.8 5.0 3.5

1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid

to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living

adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for

overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and

tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and

dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 A classification system including about 480 individual

occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy.

For more information, see appendix B. 3 This survey covers the 48 contiguous States. Collection was

conducted between October 1996 and July 1998. The average

reference period was August 1997. 4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error

expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to

calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For

more information about RSEs, see appendix A.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data

did not meet publication criteria. 
94

Table 8-1. Summary, metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by selected

characteristics, National Compensation Survey,3 1997

Worker and establishment characteristics

and geographic areas

Total Metropolitan areas Nonmetropolitan areas

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error4

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error4

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error4

(percent)

Total ........................................................... $15.09 0.6 36.5 $15.73 0.7 36.3 $11.84 1.2 37.1

Private industry ....................................... 14.39 .7 36.4 15.06 .8 36.3 10.84 1.4 37.2

State and local government .................... 17.82 .7 36.5 18.46 .8 36.5 15.07 1.8 36.5

Worker characteristics:5

White-collar occupations6 ....................... 18.59 .6 36.7 19.07 .8 36.6 15.15 1.2 37.0

Professional specialty and technical ... 22.89 .6 36.3 23.34 .6 36.3 19.63 1.2 36.5

Executive, administrative, and 

managerial ........................................ 27.00 .9 40.1 27.40 1.0 40.1 23.15 2.6 39.7

Sales ................................................... 12.78 3.5 33.0 13.55 2.2 32.6 8.72 4.5 35.3

Administrative support ........................ 11.53 .6 36.9 11.73 .7 36.9 10.10 1.5 37.4

Blue-collar occupations6 ......................... 12.36 .8 38.3 12.78 .7 38.2 10.74 2.1 38.8

Precision production, craft, and repair 15.86 1.2 39.8 16.44 .8 39.7 13.27 4.5 39.9

Machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors ......................................... 11.03 1.1 39.6 11.39 1.0 39.6 10.04 2.7 39.7

Transportation and material moving ... 13.24 1.2 37.5 13.46 1.2 37.6 11.85 4.2 36.7

Handlers, equipment cleaners,

helpers, and laborers ........................ 9.34 1.0 35.5 9.48 1.1 35.1 8.81 2.0 37.0

Service occupations6 .............................. 9.09 .8 33.0 9.40 1.0 32.6 8.00 1.5 34.5

Full time .................................................. 15.77 .6 39.6 16.51 .7 39.6 12.15 1.3 39.7

Part time ................................................. 8.89 1.1 21.0 9.01 1.2 21.1 8.09 1.5 20.6

Union ...................................................... 16.91 .9 36.9 17.32 .6 36.7 14.20 4.5 38.1

Nonunion ................................................ 14.56 .7 36.3 15.25 .8 36.2 11.32 1.4 36.8

Time ........................................................ 15.05 .6 36.4 15.69 .7 36.3 11.87 1.2 37.0

Incentive ................................................. 16.21 2.7 38.3 16.87 2.5 38.2 10.74 11.4 38.8

Establishment characteristics:

Goods producing7 .................................. 15.45 1.0 39.8 16.40 .8 39.8 12.06 2.3 39.9

Service producing7 ................................. 13.85 .9 34.9 14.44 1.0 34.9 9.77 1.3 35.2

50-99 workers8 ....................................... 12.52 1.2 35.3 13.02 1.3 35.3 10.23 2.6 35.3

100-499 workers ..................................... 13.68 .7 36.2 14.10 .8 36.1 11.78 1.7 36.5

500-999 workers ..................................... 16.15 1.5 37.4 16.65 1.4 37.2 14.29 3.2 38.2

1,000-2,499 workers ............................... 15.54 6.8 36.7 17.03 1.9 36.0 10.91 15.8 38.6

2,500 workers or more ............................ 19.32 .9 37.2 19.34 .9 37.2 18.23 8.8 39.3

Geographic areas:9

New England .......................................... 16.96 1.8 35.1 17.42 1.8 35.2 13.75 5.3 34.0

Middle Atlantic ........................................ 17.42 1.5 35.7 17.75 1.3 35.7 12.22 7.4 36.1

East North Central .................................. 15.45 .9 36.2 15.90 1.0 36.2 12.98 1.3 36.4

West North Central ................................. 14.44 1.8 36.3 15.40 2.2 36.3 11.82 3.7 36.2

South Atlantic ......................................... 13.73 1.4 37.0 14.17 1.7 36.9 11.56 4.0 37.4

East South Central ................................. 11.88 2.3 37.8 13.60 1.6 37.0 10.22 3.7 38.7

West South Central ................................ 13.82 1.0 37.2 14.13 1.2 37.2 11.88 4.0 37.3

Mountain ................................................. 14.04 1.9 36.5 14.17 2.4 36.4 13.51 2.4 36.6

Pacific ..................................................... 16.88 1.5 36.2 17.06 1.5 36.2 13.37 2.9 36.1

1 Metropolitan areas can be a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) or

Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) as defined by the Office of

Management and Budget, 1994. Nonmetropolitan areas are counties that do not fit

the definitions above. For more information, see appendix E. 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees.

They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded

are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses;

and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by

the number of workers, weighted by hours. 3 This survey covers the 48 contiguous States. Collection was conducted from

October 1996 through July 1998. The average reference month was August 1997. 4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a

percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a

sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. 5 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule

based on the definition used by each establishment. Union workers are those

whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. Wages of time workers

are based solely on hourly rate or salary; incentive workers are those whose wages

are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates,

commissions, and production bonuses. 6 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to

cover all workers in the civilian economy. See appendix B for more information. 7 Classification of establishments into goods-producing and service-producing

industries applies to private industry only. 8 Establishments classified with 50-99 workers may contain establishments

with fewer than 50 workers due to reduction in staff from the time of sampling to

data collection. 9 See appendix E for a list of survey areas and States comprising the 9 census

area divisions.
95

Table 8-2. United States: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas2 for selected

occupations, National Compensation Survey,3 1997

Occupation4

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

All ................................................................................................ $15.09 0.6 36.5 $15.73 0.7 36.3 $11.84 1.2 37.1

All excluding sales ............................................................... 15.26 .6 36.7 15.89 .7 36.6 12.05 1.2 37.2

White collar ............................................................................ 18.59 .6 36.7 19.07 .8 36.6 15.15 1.2 37.0

White collar excluding sales ............................................ 19.43 .6 37.3 19.83 .7 37.3 16.42 1.1 37.3

Professional specialty and technical ............................... 22.89 .6 36.3 23.34 .6 36.3 19.63 1.2 36.5

Professional specialty ...................................................... 24.70 .6 36.2 25.15 .6 36.2 21.53 1.4 36.3

Engineers, architects, and surveyors ........................... 27.76 .8 40.3 28.08 .7 40.3 24.52 6.2 40.2

Architects ................................................................. 23.93 6.6 39.9 23.93 6.6 39.9 – – –

Aerospace engineers ............................................... 30.44 3.8 40.0 30.44 3.8 40.0 – – –

Metallurgical and materials engineers ..................... 26.51 4.8 40.2 26.51 4.8 40.2 – – –

Mining engineers ..................................................... 29.69 5.0 32.6 29.69 5.0 32.6 – – –

Petroleum engineers ................................................ 35.44 6.4 40.8 34.90 7.1 40.9 – – –

Chemical engineers ................................................. 30.65 2.9 39.9 30.24 3.3 39.9 – – –

Nuclear engineers .................................................... 34.16 3.4 40.5 33.43 3.8 40.8 – – –

Civil engineers ......................................................... 26.17 2.0 40.1 26.55 2.1 40.0 22.52 2.5 41.5

Electrical and electronic engineers .......................... 29.24 1.1 40.3 29.25 1.1 40.3 28.52 7.3 40.0

Industrial engineers ................................................. 24.49 3.4 40.5 24.66 1.5 40.6 23.97 12.9 40.2

Mechanical engineers .............................................. 25.37 2.2 40.2 26.02 1.8 40.2 20.76 7.1 40.0

Engineers, n.e.c. ...................................................... 29.00 1.1 40.4 29.32 1.0 40.4 21.27 6.9 40.0

Surveyors and mapping scientists ........................... 19.65 7.9 39.3 20.05 9.7 39.1 – – –

Mathematical and computer scientists ......................... 26.96 1.5 39.9 26.98 1.4 39.9 26.38 16.8 39.8

Computer systems analysts and scientists .............. 26.79 1.2 40.0 26.94 1.2 40.0 19.37 5.2 39.6

Operations and systems researchers and analysts 28.15 6.4 39.6 27.42 6.9 39.6 – – –

Actuaries .................................................................. 27.00 7.2 39.2 27.00 7.2 39.2 – – –

Statisticians .............................................................. 24.22 5.5 37.6 24.36 5.5 37.6 – – –

Mathematical scientists, n.e.c. ................................. 22.67 14.8 38.8 22.67 14.8 38.8 – – –

Natural scientists ......................................................... 24.31 2.1 40.0 24.73 2.0 40.0 18.01 5.9 40.0

Physicists and astronomers ..................................... 37.31 10.4 40.8 37.31 10.4 40.8 – – –

Chemists, except biochemists ................................. 27.44 3.7 40.4 27.44 3.7 40.4 – – –

Atmospheric and space scientists ........................... 25.05 11.5 46.3 25.05 11.5 46.3 – – –

Geologists and geodesists ....................................... 25.07 8.8 41.8 25.41 9.1 41.9 – – –

Physical scientists, n.e.c. ......................................... 26.30 3.0 39.8 26.73 3.0 39.8 20.32 9.6 40.0

Agricultural and food scientists ................................ 21.93 6.0 40.3 22.05 6.3 40.3 – – –

Biological and life scientists ..................................... 21.00 6.2 39.8 21.09 6.6 39.8 – – –

Forestry and conservation scientists ....................... 17.14 6.2 40.2 18.31 13.0 40.6 – – –

Medical scientists ..................................................... 21.43 5.8 38.5 21.60 5.8 38.4 – – –

Health related .............................................................. 21.83 .8 34.0 22.20 .7 33.9 19.45 3.4 34.3

Physicians ................................................................ 38.80 4.4 39.1 36.73 4.1 38.9 65.59 6.8 42.8

Dentists .................................................................... 37.45 8.6 31.8 37.45 8.6 31.8 – – –

Health diagnosing practitioners, n.e.c. ..................... 24.01 13.7 35.9 24.01 13.7 35.9 – – –

Registered nurses .................................................... 20.11 .6 33.3 20.66 .7 33.2 16.83 2.0 33.8

Pharmacists ............................................................. 26.20 1.3 34.8 26.37 1.3 35.0 24.31 4.0 33.3

Dietitians .................................................................. 16.42 2.3 36.0 16.66 2.1 35.6 – – –

Respiratory therapists .............................................. 16.88 1.3 33.0 16.95 1.5 33.2 16.54 2.5 32.3

Occupational therapists ........................................... 21.67 4.4 35.0 21.64 4.7 34.8 – – –

Physical therapists ................................................... 24.08 2.3 34.3 24.97 1.7 33.8 19.33 3.8 37.5

Speech therapists .................................................... 22.83 2.7 34.0 22.68 2.4 34.3 23.52 9.8 33.0

Therapists, n.e.c. ..................................................... 15.64 2.3 36.6 15.77 2.6 36.6 14.71 4.2 36.1

Physicians’ assistants .............................................. 23.28 6.1 34.6 24.00 5.7 35.8 – – –

Teachers, college and university ................................. 32.46 1.6 33.7 33.31 1.7 33.4 27.47 3.3 35.7

Earth, environmental, and marine science teachers 32.06 9.1 38.0 32.59 12.2 37.3 – – –

Biological science teachers ..................................... 32.51 8.6 37.5 34.86 8.4 34.6 – – –

Chemistry teachers .................................................. 34.70 8.3 40.4 38.04 5.6 38.4 – – –

Physics teachers ...................................................... 40.36 13.5 37.0 41.77 15.5 36.4 – – –

Natural science teachers, n.e.c. .............................. 38.83 5.1 36.8 39.10 5.3 36.7 – – –

Psychology teachers ................................................ 29.89 6.7 35.3 30.09 7.0 35.0 – – –

Economics teachers ................................................ 50.79 15.4 43.3 – – – – – –

History teachers ....................................................... 30.81 5.7 32.3 31.02 6.0 33.4 – – –

Political science teachers ........................................ 33.67 8.5 36.2 35.03 8.6 35.7 – – –

Sociology teachers .................................................. 32.31 10.6 34.9 32.64 11.7 35.6 – – –

Social science teachers, n.e.c. ................................ 32.84 8.0 37.4 33.48 9.0 37.9 – – –

Engineering teachers ............................................... 33.26 9.6 40.1 35.68 10.4 38.5 – – –

Mathematical science teachers ............................... 32.49 5.2 31.7 33.46 5.3 31.9 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
96

Table 8-2. United States: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas2 for selected

occupations, National Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Professional specialty –Continued

Teachers, college and university –Continued

Computer science teachers ..................................... $26.49 11.0 29.8 $27.09 13.8 29.0 $24.00 6.3 33.6

Medical science teachers ........................................ 39.76 5.1 36.6 39.59 5.3 36.5 – – –

Health specialities teachers ..................................... 30.90 3.9 35.2 31.23 4.0 35.3 25.36 6.3 33.0

Business, commerce, and marketing teachers ........ 32.56 6.3 33.8 32.51 7.1 34.2 32.92 5.7 31.7

Agriculture and forestry teachers ............................. 41.94 24.8 35.2 – – – 45.09 24.0 34.4

Art, drama, and music teachers ............................... 28.63 3.5 32.4 27.65 3.6 32.3 33.10 9.7 33.3

Physical education teachers .................................... 25.60 12.4 32.6 26.12 17.9 30.9 – – –

Education teachers .................................................. 29.81 9.8 34.9 31.04 12.3 34.0 25.98 6.3 38.1

English teachers ...................................................... 31.01 4.6 32.9 31.84 4.7 32.7 25.05 9.6 34.0

Foreign language teachers ...................................... 24.76 12.0 33.0 28.97 5.7 29.3 17.09 17.2 42.7

Law teachers ........................................................... 56.07 10.5 34.1 56.07 10.5 34.1 – – –

Social work teachers ................................................ 28.88 4.3 31.2 28.88 4.3 31.2 – – –

Theology teachers ................................................... 38.63 8.6 36.8 41.10 6.1 36.4 – – –

Trade and industrial teachers .................................. 24.59 3.9 34.3 22.71 7.2 31.1 26.33 2.0 37.9

Teachers, post secondary, subject not specified ..... 30.95 7.5 31.9 33.57 7.7 32.1 24.00 6.9 31.5

Teachers, post secondary, n.e.c. ............................. 31.10 3.0 31.3 31.49 3.1 31.6 25.64 8.4 27.7

Teachers, except college and university ...................... 25.62 .9 34.4 26.41 1.0 34.0 22.39 1.8 36.2

Prekindergarten and kindergarten ........................... 19.31 3.9 34.8 19.06 4.3 34.4 20.73 10.0 37.4

Elementary school teachers .................................... 26.38 1.1 36.3 27.41 1.2 35.8 22.49 2.1 38.1

Secondary school teachers ..................................... 26.66 1.6 36.8 27.95 1.6 36.4 22.47 3.0 38.0

Teachers, special education .................................... 27.12 2.2 35.9 27.69 2.4 35.6 23.49 2.6 37.6

Teachers, n.e.c. ....................................................... 26.16 2.6 29.4 26.33 2.9 29.0 25.01 4.0 32.4

Substitute teachers .................................................. 10.10 4.0 14.6 10.38 4.0 15.4 8.60 14.0 11.6

Vocational and educational counselors ................... 23.24 4.2 36.8 23.66 5.0 36.6 21.48 4.4 37.7

Librarians, archivists, and curators .............................. 20.25 3.0 36.4 20.87 2.6 36.5 16.23 14.0 36.3

Librarians ................................................................. 20.60 3.3 36.5 21.31 2.7 36.6 16.47 14.6 36.4

Archivists and curators ............................................ 17.94 8.9 35.8 18.26 9.2 35.8 – – –

Social scientists and urban planners ........................... 21.73 3.3 36.9 21.83 3.5 36.8 20.24 6.7 38.6

Economists .............................................................. 23.28 5.1 39.8 23.56 5.2 39.9 – – –

Psychologists ........................................................... 22.82 5.0 34.6 22.91 5.5 34.2 21.85 6.8 38.9

Sociologists .............................................................. 16.56 2.8 39.3 16.56 2.8 39.3 – – –

Social scientists, n.e.c. ............................................ 13.41 15.9 38.4 13.04 16.0 38.3 – – –

Urban planners ........................................................ 20.56 4.5 39.5 20.84 4.6 39.5 – – –

Social, recreation, and religious workers ..................... 15.17 1.4 37.3 15.29 1.5 37.2 14.34 2.4 38.2

Social workers ......................................................... 15.38 1.4 37.6 15.51 1.6 37.4 14.57 2.7 38.7

Recreation workers .................................................. 12.61 3.9 32.8 12.79 4.3 32.8 11.67 8.5 32.8

Clergy ...................................................................... 12.01 15.5 41.8 12.01 15.5 41.8 – – –

Religious workers, n.e.c. .......................................... 20.66 4.2 33.8 20.66 4.2 33.8 – – –

Lawyers and judges ..................................................... 34.83 3.1 39.9 35.27 3.1 40.5 28.62 17.9 32.4

Lawyers ................................................................... 34.48 3.2 40.2 35.18 3.2 40.8 19.53 9.1 30.1

Judges ..................................................................... 41.56 7.5 34.2 38.73 9.1 31.4 – – –

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and

professionals, n.e.c. ................................................... 21.34 2.7 36.9 21.63 2.8 36.9 12.29 4.6 35.6

Authors .................................................................... 30.53 33.8 30.8 30.53 33.8 30.8 – – –

Technical writers ...................................................... 20.00 3.8 38.6 20.03 3.8 38.6 – – –

Designers ................................................................. 20.70 4.6 39.9 20.70 4.6 39.9 – – –

Musicians and composers ....................................... 41.23 15.8 16.5 42.08 15.7 16.7 – – –

Actors and directors ................................................. 23.20 12.5 34.5 23.20 12.5 34.5 – – –

Painters, sculptors, craft artists, and artist

printmakers ............................................................ 18.70 13.8 36.8 19.33 14.0 36.5 – – –

Photographers ......................................................... 15.95 7.2 39.3 16.47 7.0 39.2 – – –

Dancers ................................................................... 3.80 36.4 26.6 3.80 36.4 26.6 – – –

Artists, performers, and related workers, n.e.c. ....... 13.31 11.4 26.1 13.31 11.4 26.1 – – –

Editors and reporters ............................................... 22.03 4.9 38.9 22.04 5.0 38.9 – – –

Public relations specialists ....................................... 20.00 5.0 38.0 21.12 3.8 37.8 – – –

Announcers .............................................................. 20.24 19.8 31.0 21.23 20.1 34.2 – – –

Athletes .................................................................... 26.42 31.6 25.1 28.53 33.6 24.2 13.84 14.2 32.3

Professional, n.e.c. .................................................. 23.39 3.6 38.7 23.48 3.6 38.7 – – –

Technical ......................................................................... 16.66 .9 36.8 17.16 1.0 36.7 13.04 1.8 37.2

See footnotes at end of table.
97

Table 8-2. United States: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas2 for selected

occupations, National Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Technical –Continued

Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians .... $14.96 1.4 36.7 $15.08 1.5 36.6 $13.78 3.2 37.8

Dental hygienists ..................................................... 20.21 7.9 36.6 20.21 7.9 36.6 – – –

Health record technologists and technicians ........... 11.69 3.2 34.7 12.06 2.8 34.4 9.80 9.2 36.0

Radiological technicians .......................................... 16.30 1.3 33.5 16.62 1.3 33.2 13.65 2.1 35.6

Licensed practical nurses ........................................ 12.56 .9 34.8 13.11 1.1 34.5 10.88 1.3 35.8

Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c. ............ 12.92 1.5 34.9 13.19 1.6 35.0 10.82 3.7 34.4

Electrical and electronic technicians ........................ 17.73 1.8 39.6 17.75 1.8 39.6 17.47 10.3 40.0

Industrial engineering technicians ........................... 16.31 6.2 40.2 15.48 3.9 40.5 – – –

Mechanical engineering technicians ........................ 18.87 3.1 40.0 18.82 3.1 40.0 – – –

Engineering technicians, n.e.c. ................................ 18.09 1.8 39.4 18.58 1.6 39.3 12.92 6.6 39.9

Drafters .................................................................... 16.58 2.1 39.5 16.65 2.2 39.5 15.62 7.7 39.8

Surveying and mapping technicians ........................ 15.44 5.7 39.7 15.54 6.4 39.8 – – –

Biological technicians .............................................. 14.86 4.6 37.5 15.31 4.8 37.2 11.31 9.3 40.0

Chemical technicians ............................................... 17.17 2.5 39.6 17.21 2.5 39.7 16.97 8.5 39.1

Science technicians, n.e.c. ...................................... 17.15 4.6 37.2 17.26 4.9 36.9 – – –

Airplane pilots and navigators .................................. 64.41 9.3 24.3 70.58 8.2 22.8 – – –

Broadcast equipment operators ............................... 17.09 12.4 36.1 17.18 12.4 36.1 – – –

Computer programmers ........................................... 20.43 1.6 39.6 20.63 1.6 39.6 17.22 9.0 39.2

Tool programmers, numerical control ...................... 17.13 6.5 39.9 17.13 6.5 39.9 – – –

Legal assistants ....................................................... 16.15 3.1 39.3 16.24 3.2 39.2 – – –

Technical and related, n.e.c. .................................... 17.36 2.7 38.5 18.01 2.2 38.4 12.48 13.2 38.7

Executive, administrative, and managerial ..................... 27.00 .9 40.1 27.40 1.0 40.1 23.15 2.6 39.7

Executives, administrators, and managers .................. 30.85 1.0 40.4 31.49 1.0 40.5 25.53 2.8 39.7

Legislators ............................................................... 16.21 15.1 13.7 15.44 14.2 15.9 18.20 39.8 10.1

Chief executives and general administrators, public

administration ........................................................ 51.16 20.5 40.4 51.16 20.5 40.4 – – –

Administrators and officials, public administration ... 24.87 2.6 38.9 25.94 3.3 39.3 20.40 4.0 37.4

Financial managers ................................................. 32.44 2.3 40.4 32.94 2.4 40.5 26.48 5.1 39.8

Personnel and labor relations managers ................. 31.39 3.3 40.8 32.57 3.1 41.0 22.08 8.8 39.2

Purchasing managers .............................................. 29.43 4.1 41.0 30.46 4.0 41.2 22.32 15.9 40.0

Managers, marketing, advertising, and public

relations ................................................................. 34.87 2.0 41.0 35.14 2.0 41.1 28.04 10.5 39.9

Administrators, education and related fields ............ 30.10 1.9 39.0 30.61 2.1 39.1 27.92 4.5 38.8

Managers, medicine and health ............................... 28.57 2.3 39.5 29.78 2.3 39.4 22.22 7.0 40.0

Managers, food servicing and lodging

establishments ....................................................... 16.93 3.2 43.0 17.13 3.4 42.8 15.30 11.2 45.3

Managers, properties and real estate ...................... 25.79 8.5 40.4 25.79 8.5 40.4 – – –

Managers, service organizations, n.e.c. .................. 24.44 5.0 39.6 23.83 4.5 39.6 – – –

Managers and administrators, n.e.c. ....................... 33.00 1.3 41.2 33.33 1.4 41.1 28.73 6.2 43.1

Management related .................................................... 20.97 1.0 39.6 21.23 1.0 39.6 17.59 2.4 39.6

Accountants and auditors ........................................ 19.74 2.5 39.5 20.28 1.8 39.5 14.28 8.9 39.9

Underwriters ............................................................ 23.28 10.7 39.5 23.66 10.8 39.5 15.59 11.0 39.2

Other financial officers ............................................. 23.54 2.9 39.8 23.58 3.0 39.8 22.72 7.4 39.2

Management analysts .............................................. 23.65 3.6 39.9 23.74 3.6 39.9 – – –

Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists .. 19.96 1.6 39.7 19.99 1.6 39.7 19.35 11.7 40.0

Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products ........ 19.68 4.8 39.9 20.17 5.1 39.8 – – –

Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm

products ................................................................. 23.08 7.5 40.6 22.97 8.1 40.6 – – –

Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c. ..................... 20.05 4.0 39.9 20.37 4.4 39.9 16.96 3.0 40.0

Business and promotional agents ............................ 18.58 7.8 39.6 18.81 8.8 39.5 – – –

Construction inspectors ........................................... 19.54 3.9 39.4 19.88 3.8 39.4 13.58 14.1 37.9

Inspectors and compliance officers, except

construction ........................................................... 18.70 3.2 39.1 18.88 3.4 39.2 16.44 9.6 37.3

Management related, n.e.c. ..................................... 21.37 1.1 39.3 21.56 1.2 39.3 19.42 6.6 39.8

Sales ................................................................................... 12.78 3.5 33.0 13.55 2.2 32.6 8.72 4.5 35.3

Supervisors, sales ................................................... 18.23 2.3 40.8 18.54 2.4 40.9 15.42 6.0 39.4

Insurance sales ........................................................ 22.44 9.0 36.9 22.47 9.2 36.8 – – –

Real estate sales ..................................................... 33.95 21.9 40.3 34.07 21.9 40.3 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
98

Table 8-2. United States: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas2 for selected

occupations, National Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Sales –Continued

Securities and financial services sales .................... $34.66 11.8 38.8 $34.74 11.9 38.9 – – –

Advertising and related sales ................................... 17.87 9.3 37.8 18.71 9.8 37.9 – – –

Sales, other business services ................................ 19.44 8.7 36.6 19.59 8.9 36.5 $13.50 0.7 40.8

Sales engineers ....................................................... 27.60 5.5 41.5 27.57 5.6 41.4 – – –

Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and

wholesale ............................................................... 23.54 3.3 41.0 23.84 3.4 40.9 19.30 12.6 41.8

Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats ................ 16.89 3.6 44.0 16.92 3.7 44.0 – – –

Sales workers, apparel ............................................ 8.10 3.9 26.4 8.15 4.0 26.4 – – –

Sales workers, shoes ............................................... 10.03 10.1 28.9 10.03 10.1 28.9 – – –

Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings ........ 10.29 9.3 30.2 11.16 7.1 31.3 – – –

Sales workers, radio, tv, hi-fi, and appliances ......... 11.14 6.3 37.2 11.25 6.3 37.1 – – –

Sales workers, hardware and building supplies ....... 10.56 5.9 37.2 11.08 5.0 36.9 – – –

Sales workers, parts ................................................ 14.10 6.2 39.0 14.16 6.3 38.8 – – –

Sales workers, other commodities ........................... 10.05 4.3 30.3 10.24 4.6 30.0 8.21 7.7 34.0

Sales counter clerks ................................................ 7.88 3.1 28.9 7.82 3.2 28.8 8.54 9.2 30.5

Cashiers ................................................................... 7.63 1.7 30.0 7.60 1.8 27.8 – – –

Street and door-to-door sales workers .................... 15.71 23.8 27.8 16.40 24.2 29.0 – – –

News vendors .......................................................... 7.09 8.0 16.7 7.13 8.9 22.1 – – –

Demonstrators, promoters, and models, sales ........ 8.70 6.5 22.3 8.70 6.7 22.0 – – –

Sales support, n.e.c. ................................................ 11.55 5.5 36.5 11.72 5.8 36.9 9.37 8.5 31.7

Administrative support, including clerical ...................... 11.53 .6 36.9 11.73 .7 36.9 10.10 1.5 37.4

Supervisors, general office ...................................... 15.95 1.5 39.6 16.08 1.5 39.6 14.18 5.5 39.5

Supervisors, computer equipment operators ........... 20.73 4.7 39.6 19.48 4.3 38.9 – – –

Supervisors, financial records processing ............... 17.47 1.9 39.6 17.63 1.9 39.8 14.84 6.8 36.9

Chief communications operators ............................. 16.65 6.3 40.5 16.66 7.3 40.5 – – –

Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and adjusting

clerks ..................................................................... 16.90 3.1 40.3 16.85 2.6 40.1 17.12 12.3 41.3

Computer operators ................................................. 13.23 2.4 39.0 13.30 2.5 38.9 12.49 8.9 39.3

Peripheral equipment operators .............................. 10.44 5.2 39.0 10.30 5.1 38.9 – – –

Secretaries ............................................................... 12.83 .9 38.1 13.10 .9 38.1 10.81 2.0 38.2

Stenographers ......................................................... 13.70 3.7 35.7 14.31 3.7 35.9 9.29 3.7 33.9

Typists ..................................................................... 11.46 1.9 37.1 11.57 2.0 36.9 10.15 5.8 39.4

Interviewers ............................................................. 9.48 2.0 32.8 9.86 2.2 32.2 8.07 3.4 35.4

Hotel clerks .............................................................. 7.85 3.4 36.6 7.89 3.9 37.0 7.63 4.9 34.7

Transportation ticket and reservation agents ........... 11.64 7.3 36.3 12.29 6.6 36.3 – – –

Receptionists ........................................................... 8.93 1.1 34.9 9.09 1.1 34.6 7.74 3.0 37.0

Information clerks, n.e.c. .......................................... 11.13 3.5 35.5 11.20 3.6 35.4 9.51 16.5 38.6

Classified ad clerks .................................................. 9.35 13.6 36.1 10.73 9.0 34.9 – – –

Correspondence clerks ............................................ 10.78 5.3 38.4 10.78 5.3 38.4 – – –

Order clerks ............................................................. 11.42 1.7 37.8 11.44 1.8 37.6 11.12 7.1 40.0

Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping ... 12.12 2.1 37.9 12.23 2.1 37.9 11.04 11.3 37.7

Library clerks ........................................................... 10.08 2.2 30.0 10.63 2.1 28.7 8.66 3.7 34.1

File clerks ................................................................. 8.60 2.0 35.1 8.70 2.1 35.4 6.69 2.6 30.4

Records clerks, n.e.c. .............................................. 10.65 1.2 37.6 11.13 1.4 37.2 8.80 5.0 39.2

Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ......... 11.32 .9 38.3 11.46 1.1 38.2 10.76 1.8 38.6

Payroll and timekeeping clerks ................................ 12.35 2.0 38.6 12.51 2.1 38.5 11.22 6.2 39.8

Billing clerks ............................................................. 10.65 1.7 37.9 10.87 1.6 38.3 8.90 5.0 35.1

Cost and rate clerks ................................................. 11.90 5.8 38.2 12.68 3.6 37.9 – – –

Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators 8.90 4.9 34.9 8.99 5.1 34.7 – – –

Duplicating machine operators ................................ 9.30 4.0 36.6 9.30 4.0 36.6 – – –

Mail preparing and paper handling machine

operators ................................................................ 8.86 5.2 33.4 8.86 5.2 33.4 – – –

Office machine operators, n.e.c. .............................. 8.41 6.0 35.8 8.44 6.3 36.2 – – –

Telephone operators ................................................ 11.29 3.8 35.8 11.38 4.2 35.6 – – –

Communications equipment operators, n.e.c. ......... 9.91 5.2 34.9 9.73 5.8 35.0 – – –

Mail clerks, except postal service ............................ 8.88 3.1 36.0 9.07 3.0 36.1 7.21 13.6 34.4

Messengers ............................................................. 10.75 9.6 35.9 10.93 9.5 35.9 7.18 2.3 36.0

Dispatchers .............................................................. 12.40 3.4 38.5 13.12 3.5 38.4 9.06 3.5 38.7

Production coordinators ........................................... 14.13 1.7 38.8 14.33 1.8 38.8 12.87 4.2 39.1

Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ....................... 11.30 2.9 37.7 11.24 2.3 37.4 11.56 11.5 39.0

See footnotes at end of table.
99

Table 8-2. United States: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas2 for selected

occupations, National Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Administrative support, including clerical –Continued

Stock and inventory clerks ....................................... $10.70 1.6 36.3 $10.75 1.7 35.9 $10.37 4.4 39.1

Meter readers .......................................................... 14.15 3.8 39.6 13.95 3.8 39.5 15.44 8.6 40.0

Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers ....... 12.62 5.9 37.3 12.68 6.1 38.7 – – –

Expeditors ................................................................ 12.54 3.2 38.3 12.58 3.3 38.3 – – –

Material recording, scheduling, and distribution

clerks, n.e.c. ........................................................... 12.34 3.8 37.4 11.92 2.8 37.1 15.62 14.0 39.9

Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators .. 14.54 2.9 38.9 14.55 3.0 38.9 – – –

Investigators and adjusters, except insurance ......... 11.77 2.6 37.4 11.85 2.6 37.5 9.17 4.2 35.1

Eligibility clerks, social welfare ................................. 12.59 1.9 38.5 12.62 2.0 38.5 12.33 4.4 38.1

Bill and account collectors ....................................... 10.41 5.7 38.6 10.43 5.9 38.7 9.99 6.2 36.8

General office clerks ................................................ 10.74 1.0 36.4 10.89 1.0 36.3 9.54 1.2 37.1

Bank tellers .............................................................. 8.63 1.8 32.4 8.68 1.9 32.5 7.67 3.0 31.9

Proofreaders ............................................................ 12.18 13.4 38.0 13.26 12.2 37.5 – – –

Data entry keyers ..................................................... 9.76 1.4 37.1 9.85 1.5 37.0 8.72 3.4 38.7

Statistical clerks ....................................................... 11.42 4.3 37.0 11.79 4.1 36.7 – – –

Teachers’ aides ....................................................... 9.09 1.7 30.6 9.41 1.9 30.3 8.15 3.2 31.5

Administrative support, n.e.c. .................................. 11.44 1.6 36.6 11.84 1.2 36.5 8.85 6.5 37.3

Blue collar .............................................................................. 12.36 .8 38.3 12.78 .7 38.2 10.74 2.1 38.8

Precision production, craft, and repair ............................ 15.86 1.2 39.8 16.44 .8 39.7 13.27 4.5 39.9

Supervisors, mechanics and repairers .................... 21.57 1.9 40.5 21.90 1.7 40.3 18.59 9.5 42.5

Automobile mechanics ............................................. 16.62 3.2 40.6 16.93 3.1 40.6 10.54 8.1 40.7

Automobile mechanic apprentices ........................... 9.97 7.5 38.4 9.97 7.5 38.4 – – –

Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics .......... 15.04 2.6 40.1 15.46 1.7 40.1 11.52 12.1 40.6

Aircraft engine mechanics ....................................... 21.07 4.0 40.0 20.57 3.8 39.9 – – –

Small engine repairs ................................................ 12.31 7.5 37.5 12.48 8.0 37.3 – – –

Automobile body and related repairers .................... 15.25 4.6 40.5 15.44 4.9 40.4 – – –

Aircraft mechanics, except engine ........................... 17.93 5.0 40.1 18.08 5.3 40.1 – – –

Heavy equipment mechanics ................................... 16.24 3.3 40.0 16.71 3.1 40.0 14.29 9.2 40.2

Industrial machinery repairers ................................. 16.06 1.7 39.9 16.33 1.1 39.9 15.39 5.4 39.9

Machinery maintenance ........................................... 12.72 3.3 40.0 13.33 3.4 40.1 11.67 6.2 39.8

Electronic repairers, communications and industrial

equipment .............................................................. 16.48 3.2 39.2 16.68 3.2 39.3 13.30 9.7 37.8

Data processing equipment repairers ...................... 15.42 4.6 37.9 15.55 4.9 37.7 – – –

Household appliance and power tool repairers ....... 16.44 5.4 38.6 16.43 5.5 38.6 – – –

Telephone line installers and repairers .................... 18.39 4.3 39.8 18.71 4.3 39.7 15.49 8.7 40.4

Telephone installers and repairers .......................... 17.54 4.1 40.0 17.47 4.3 40.0 19.68 1.9 40.0

Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration

mechanics .............................................................. 15.82 2.7 39.6 16.05 2.8 39.6 12.22 6.4 40.0

Camera, watch, and musical instrument repairers .. 16.08 10.9 40.0 16.08 10.9 40.0 – – –

Locksmiths and safe repairers ................................. 16.97 5.3 40.0 16.97 5.3 40.0 – – –

Office machine repairers .......................................... 14.57 4.8 39.5 14.57 4.8 39.5 – – –

Mechanical controls and valve repairers ................. 17.53 4.2 39.3 17.64 4.6 39.3 16.77 8.5 40.0

Elevator installers and repairers .............................. 19.21 22.1 40.0 – – – – – –

Millwrights ................................................................ 18.43 5.9 40.1 18.05 3.0 40.1 – – –

Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c. ............................... 15.23 1.6 39.6 15.71 1.3 39.6 13.40 5.2 39.4

Supervisors, brickmasons, stonemasons, and

tilesetters ............................................................... 17.34 11.7 39.8 17.53 12.6 39.8 – – –

Supervisors, carpenters and related workers .......... 20.79 5.5 40.5 20.79 5.5 40.5 – – –

Supervisors, electricians and power transmission

installers ................................................................. 22.25 5.0 40.0 23.62 3.9 40.0 17.23 14.8 40.0

Supervisors, painters, paperhangers, and

plasterers ............................................................... 17.97 3.6 40.0 17.97 3.6 40.0 – – –

Supervisors, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 21.16 9.6 40.2 21.16 10.0 40.2 – – –

Supervisors, construction trades, n.e.c. ................... 17.90 3.7 40.5 18.77 3.6 40.5 14.46 8.7 40.1

Brickmasons and stonemasons ............................... 15.52 6.3 40.0 16.45 3.4 40.0 – – –

Tile setters, hard and soft ........................................ 15.19 4.2 39.0 – – – – – –

Carpet installers ....................................................... 20.98 8.1 38.8 20.98 8.1 38.8 – – –

Carpenters ............................................................... 16.31 2.4 39.5 16.47 2.4 39.4 14.94 12.3 39.6

Carpenter apprentices ............................................. 12.04 4.7 40.0 11.86 4.8 40.0 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
100

Table 8-2. United States: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas2 for selected

occupations, National Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Precision production, craft, and repair –Continued

Drywall installers ...................................................... $14.12 3.4 40.1 $14.12 3.4 40.1 – – –

Electricians .............................................................. 18.31 2.0 40.0 18.95 2.2 39.9 $15.42 3.8 40.0

Electrician apprentices ............................................. 12.38 5.2 40.2 12.16 5.5 40.2 – – –

Electrical power installers and repairers .................. 21.02 2.7 40.0 21.88 1.6 40.0 17.95 8.4 40.0

Painters, construction and maintenance .................. 13.99 5.8 39.6 14.00 6.1 39.6 – – –

Plasterers ................................................................. 15.24 24.8 40.0 15.24 24.8 40.0 – – –

Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ..................... 18.76 3.0 39.8 19.21 2.6 39.8 12.97 13.4 40.0

Plumber, pipefitter, and steamfitter apprentices ...... 13.33 4.6 40.2 13.33 4.6 40.2 – – –

Concrete and terrazzo finishers ............................... 13.31 7.2 39.2 14.09 7.8 38.9 – – –

Glaziers .................................................................... 16.72 6.5 38.5 16.72 6.5 38.5 – – –

Insulation workers .................................................... 12.74 6.1 35.5 13.02 6.0 35.3 – – –

Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment

operators ................................................................ 11.66 19.0 40.1 17.13 10.1 40.3 – – –

Roofers .................................................................... 12.54 9.9 34.9 12.57 10.3 34.8 – – –

Sheetmetal duct installers ........................................ 16.67 10.2 39.0 16.67 10.2 39.0 – – –

Structural metal workers .......................................... 15.95 7.6 39.5 16.28 8.1 39.4 – – –

Construction trades, n.e.c. ....................................... 14.54 7.1 39.2 15.52 7.6 39.0 11.37 7.1 39.8

Supervisors, extractive ............................................ 21.38 8.3 41.3 20.10 4.2 41.7 – – –

Drillers, oil well ......................................................... 16.58 2.3 41.3 16.58 2.3 41.3 – – –

Mining machine operators ....................................... 18.27 5.6 40.0 15.44 3.1 40.0 18.35 5.7 40.0

Mining, n.e.c. ........................................................... 19.52 3.8 40.1 16.23 12.0 40.6 19.98 3.2 40.1

Supervisors, production ........................................... 18.41 2.0 40.7 18.97 1.6 40.7 16.23 7.3 40.6

Tool and die makers ................................................ 18.52 2.2 40.0 18.72 2.1 40.0 – – –

Tool and die maker apprentices .............................. 14.46 6.7 39.9 14.46 6.7 39.9 – – –

Precision assemblers, metal .................................... 15.51 3.0 40.1 15.51 3.0 40.1 – – –

Machinists ................................................................ 15.61 3.7 40.0 16.24 1.4 40.0 – – –

Machinist apprentices .............................................. 11.55 6.2 40.0 11.55 6.2 40.0 – – –

Boilermakers ............................................................ 17.73 7.8 40.0 17.73 7.8 40.0 – – –

Precision grinders, filers, and tool sharpeners ......... 15.05 8.1 40.3 15.05 8.1 40.3 – – –

Patternmakers and modelmakers, metal ................. 18.78 6.7 40.0 18.78 6.7 40.0 – – –

Layout workers ........................................................ 14.66 5.6 40.0 14.66 5.6 40.0 – – –

Precious stones and metals workers ....................... 8.50 8.1 40.0 8.99 7.1 40.0 – – –

Engravers, metal ...................................................... 18.49 9.4 39.8 18.49 9.4 39.8 – – –

Sheet metal workers ................................................ 15.40 4.9 40.0 15.47 5.0 40.0 – – –

Sheet metal worker apprentices .............................. 13.48 7.9 40.2 13.48 7.9 40.2 – – –

Cabinet makers and bench carpenters .................... 10.84 6.8 39.8 10.90 7.0 39.8 – – –

Furniture and wood finishers ................................... 11.00 2.1 40.0 10.75 3.6 40.0 – – –

Tailors ...................................................................... 10.24 6.1 37.9 10.74 6.7 37.1 – – –

Upholsterers ............................................................ 13.46 5.3 39.5 13.46 5.3 39.5 – – –

Hand molders and shapers, except jewelers ........... 14.22 11.2 40.1 14.22 11.2 40.1 – – –

Patternmakers, layout workers, and cutters ............ 16.02 15.0 38.0 19.06 7.6 39.1 – – –

Optical goods workers ............................................. 10.94 12.7 39.8 10.94 12.7 39.8 – – –

Dental laboratory and medical appliance

technicians ............................................................. 13.39 6.4 39.4 13.39 6.4 39.4 – – –

Bookbinders ............................................................. 13.39 3.9 39.4 13.98 3.9 39.0 – – –

Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers ...... 9.33 2.3 39.6 9.63 2.9 39.2 – – –

Miscellaneous precision workers, n.e.c. .................. 14.74 6.4 39.6 14.50 7.4 39.5 15.35 12.0 40.0

Precision food production ........................................ 10.75 7.4 40.0 10.75 7.4 40.0 – – –

Butchers and meat cutters ....................................... 10.00 4.2 38.7 10.57 4.2 38.0 8.97 5.8 39.9

Bakers ...................................................................... 9.36 3.9 35.8 9.48 4.2 35.4 – – –

Food batchmakers ................................................... 8.91 6.5 38.3 8.87 6.6 38.3 – – –

Inspectors, testers, and graders .............................. 15.76 2.5 40.2 15.66 2.6 40.2 20.24 10.9 40.6

Precision inspectors, testers, and related workers,

n.e.c. ...................................................................... 18.61 8.7 40.0 18.61 8.7 40.0 – – –

Adjusters and calibrators ......................................... 11.77 12.9 39.7 11.77 12.9 39.7 – – –

Water and sewer treatment plant operators ............ 15.13 2.9 39.9 15.37 2.6 39.9 13.54 14.1 40.0

Power plant operators .............................................. 21.32 2.9 40.0 21.45 3.0 40.0 – – –

Stationary engineers ................................................ 17.67 3.8 39.4 17.29 3.7 39.4 20.62 7.7 39.4

Miscellaneous plant and system operators, n.e.c. ... 20.23 2.2 40.0 20.38 2.2 40.0 17.77 .4 40.0

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ........... 11.03 1.1 39.6 11.39 1.0 39.6 10.04 2.7 39.7

See footnotes at end of table.
101

Table 8-2. United States: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas2 for selected

occupations, National Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors

–Continued

Lathe and turning machine set-up operators ........... $13.42 3.7 40.0 $13.62 3.7 39.9 – – –

Lathe and turning machine operators ...................... 12.26 4.4 39.9 13.22 3.7 39.9 – – –

Milling and planing machine operators .................... – – – 13.54 5.7 41.5 – – –

Punching and stamping press operators ................. 11.80 3.3 40.0 12.04 3.1 40.0 – – –

Rolling machine operators ....................................... 13.06 8.9 40.2 13.88 7.7 40.3 – – –

Drilling and boring machine operators ..................... 11.55 9.6 40.0 12.83 4.6 39.9 – – –

Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine

operators ................................................................ 10.99 3.0 40.0 11.48 2.3 40.0 $10.28 7.2 40.0

Forging machine operators ...................................... 11.68 4.3 39.9 12.11 3.0 39.8 – – –

Numerical control machine operators ...................... 12.62 3.5 40.3 13.26 2.7 40.4 – – –

Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c. ..................... 12.62 2.4 40.0 13.23 2.1 40.0 10.17 4.4 40.0

Molding and casting machine operators .................. 9.82 3.0 39.7 9.70 3.1 39.6 10.53 6.6 40.0

Metal plating machine operators .............................. 11.62 3.9 40.3 11.58 4.2 40.3 – – –

Heat treating equipment operators .......................... 13.26 2.9 40.0 13.30 6.8 40.0 – – –

Wood lathe, routing, and planing machine

operators ................................................................ 9.77 8.3 40.0 10.66 5.7 40.0 – – –

Sawing machine operators ...................................... 8.96 5.5 39.8 8.52 10.0 39.4 9.21 6.5 40.0

Shaping and jointing machine operators ................. 9.09 6.8 39.9 9.09 6.8 39.9 – – –

Nailing and tacking machine operators .................... 9.13 2.4 40.0 9.13 2.4 40.0 – – –

Printing press operators ........................................... 14.67 3.1 39.2 15.35 2.5 39.0 11.51 5.5 39.9

Photoengravers and lithographers ........................... 14.51 3.5 38.8 14.46 3.6 38.7 – – –

Typesetters and compositors ................................... 13.00 5.9 37.3 13.24 5.9 37.6 – – –

Winding and twisting machine operators ................. 10.59 6.7 40.1 9.48 2.3 40.2 – – –

Knitting, looping, taping, and weaving machine

operators ................................................................ 9.15 3.1 40.3 9.45 3.7 40.6 – – –

Textile cutting machine operators ............................ 9.37 8.2 40.3 9.18 9.0 40.0 – – –

Textile sewing machine operators ........................... 7.16 3.9 39.4 7.47 2.3 39.4 6.82 6.8 39.5

Shoe machine operators .......................................... 8.82 8.1 39.9 8.82 8.1 39.9 – – –

Pressing machine operators .................................... 7.10 3.7 39.7 7.05 4.7 39.6 – – –

Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators ..... 7.19 1.5 37.6 7.29 1.7 38.0 6.70 3.0 35.8

Cementing and gluing machine operators ............... 9.86 8.8 40.0 10.81 4.5 40.0 – – –

Packaging and filling machine operators ................. 10.07 4.8 39.2 10.94 4.7 39.2 8.02 8.3 39.3

Extruding and forming machine operators ............... 10.76 3.2 39.8 11.43 3.4 39.8 – – –

Mixing and blending machine operators .................. 12.57 2.6 40.1 12.81 3.0 40.0 11.87 6.4 40.4

Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine

operators ................................................................ 15.26 3.5 39.9 15.24 3.8 39.8 – – –

Compressing and compacting machine operators .. 10.16 3.3 40.0 10.44 4.0 39.0 – – –

Painting and paint spraying machine operators ....... 11.53 2.8 40.2 11.78 2.7 40.2 10.91 5.7 40.0

Roasting and baking machine operators, food ........ 11.10 9.2 39.5 11.14 9.9 39.5 – – –

Washing, cleaning, and pickling machine operators 10.64 7.6 38.1 10.08 8.3 40.4 – – –

Folding machine operators ...................................... 10.95 4.6 39.6 10.95 4.6 39.6 – – –

Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food ....... 12.98 5.5 39.9 14.37 4.1 39.8 – – –

Crushing and grinding machine operators ............... 11.39 5.9 40.0 11.61 5.5 40.0 9.84 24.0 40.0

Slicing and cutting machine operators ..................... 11.71 5.0 39.8 11.64 2.3 39.9 11.82 11.2 39.8

Photographic process machine operators ............... 10.60 5.0 38.4 10.71 5.0 38.7 – – –

Miscellaneous machine operators, n.e.c. ................ 11.57 2.4 39.6 11.60 1.6 39.7 11.50 5.9 39.6

Welders and cutters ................................................. 13.70 1.6 40.1 13.73 1.7 40.1 – – –

Solders and braziers ................................................ 8.54 8.1 40.0 9.31 4.8 40.0 – – –

Assemblers .............................................................. 11.15 2.6 39.4 11.42 2.6 39.4 9.11 4.2 39.3

Hand cutting and trimming ....................................... 8.89 5.8 39.7 8.89 5.8 39.7 – – –

Hand molding, casting, and forming ........................ 12.03 7.2 39.9 11.60 9.6 39.7 – – –

Hand painting, coating, and decorating ................... 10.03 6.2 39.1 10.03 6.2 39.1 – – –

Hand engraving and printing .................................... 8.13 7.6 40.1 8.13 7.6 40.1 – – –

Miscellaneous hand working, n.e.c. ......................... 9.50 3.2 38.6 9.65 3.2 38.1 9.14 6.5 39.8

Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ..... 10.68 3.0 39.9 11.19 1.9 39.8 8.89 9.5 40.1

Production testers .................................................... 11.45 4.2 40.1 12.00 3.7 40.1 7.82 11.3 40.0

Production samplers and weighers .......................... 12.51 7.2 40.3 12.93 6.8 40.7 – – –

Graders and sorters, except agricultural .................. 8.66 8.3 40.2 9.50 12.4 40.5 8.11 9.2 40.0

Hand inspectors, n.e.c. ............................................ 9.57 8.1 39.9 9.57 8.1 39.9 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
102

Table 8-2. United States: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas2 for selected

occupations, National Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Transportation and material moving ............................... $13.24 1.2 37.5 $13.46 1.2 37.6 $11.85 4.2 36.7

Supervisors, motor vehicle operators ...................... 15.12 6.5 41.1 16.52 4.5 41.5 – – –

Truck drivers ............................................................ 13.92 1.6 39.9 14.00 1.6 39.8 12.60 3.7 42.1

Driver-sales workers ................................................ 13.13 4.6 39.0 13.18 4.6 39.0 – – –

Bus drivers ............................................................... 12.06 1.9 28.6 12.23 2.0 30.1 10.68 4.9 20.5

Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs ................................ 8.00 5.2 31.5 8.15 5.5 30.9 – – –

Parking lot attendants .............................................. 6.81 4.3 26.9 6.84 4.5 26.7 – – –

Motor transportation, n.e.c. ...................................... 8.63 5.2 32.0 8.78 5.5 32.8 7.08 10.6 25.6

Railroad conductors and yardmasters ..................... 23.43 7.3 40.5 23.43 7.3 40.5 – – –

Locomotive operating .............................................. 22.51 8.9 40.8 22.51 8.9 40.8 – – –

Rail vehicle operators, n.e.c. ................................... 19.70 1.9 40.0 19.70 1.9 40.0 – – –

Ship captains and mates, except fishing boats ........ 16.12 6.9 52.0 16.17 7.4 52.6 – – –

Sailors and deckhands ............................................ 9.20 7.2 48.3 9.06 9.3 52.3 – – –

Marine engineers ..................................................... 11.95 21.5 57.3 11.95 21.5 57.3 – – –

Supervisors, material moving equipment ................. 18.78 5.9 41.3 17.82 3.2 41.9 – – –

Operating engineers ................................................ 14.94 6.9 40.1 16.34 5.1 40.1 10.67 6.6 40.0

Longshore equipment operators .............................. 20.66 8.4 30.1 20.66 8.4 30.1 – – –

Hoist and winch operators ....................................... 11.65 7.9 40.8 11.65 7.9 40.8 – – –

Crane and tower operators ...................................... 15.68 3.5 40.3 15.90 3.7 40.3 – – –

Excavating and loading machine operators ............. 13.68 5.2 40.1 14.17 5.6 40.1 10.41 9.6 39.7

Grader, dozer, and scrapper operators ................... 12.97 6.7 40.0 14.66 10.3 40.1 11.59 7.2 40.0

Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ..... 11.69 1.8 39.6 11.82 1.3 39.5 11.37 5.2 40.0

Miscellaneous material moving equipment

operators, n.e.c. ..................................................... 13.90 3.4 36.5 14.35 3.6 35.6 12.22 7.5 40.0

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ... 9.34 1.0 35.5 9.48 1.1 35.1 8.81 2.0 37.0

Nursery workers ....................................................... 6.65 2.8 38.0 6.80 3.0 36.9 – – –

Supervisors, agriculture-related workers ................. 16.56 5.6 40.0 16.84 5.7 40.0 – – –

Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm ......... 9.11 3.7 38.1 9.82 2.7 36.9 – – –

Animal caretakers, except farm ............................... 9.76 8.5 38.1 9.76 8.5 38.1 – – –

Inspectors, agricultural products .............................. 7.68 5.8 36.5 7.96 8.5 34.6 – – –

Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and

laborers, n.e.c. ....................................................... 14.14 2.3 39.9 14.42 2.2 39.9 13.20 6.7 40.0

Helpers, mechanics and repairers ........................... 10.95 4.9 39.1 10.93 4.9 38.7 11.00 11.8 39.9

Helpers, construction trades .................................... 9.54 2.7 39.5 9.45 2.9 39.5 10.37 4.7 40.0

Helpers, extractive ................................................... 14.17 13.0 38.4 – – – – – –

Construction laborers ............................................... 10.55 4.5 39.3 11.06 4.3 39.3 8.24 5.0 39.5

Production helpers ................................................... 9.61 3.6 39.1 9.17 2.4 38.9 10.66 7.3 39.7

Garbage collectors ................................................... 12.99 11.4 39.4 13.15 11.3 39.4 – – –

Stevedores ............................................................... 19.22 4.0 38.8 19.22 4.0 38.8 – – –

Stock handlers and baggers .................................... 8.25 1.8 29.5 8.40 2.1 29.5 7.44 2.8 29.3

Machine feeders and offbearers .............................. 9.16 2.8 38.8 9.17 2.7 38.5 9.08 9.7 40.0

Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c. ............ 10.47 2.6 34.5 10.71 2.6 33.9 8.99 7.1 38.4

Garage and service station related .......................... 8.68 10.7 32.4 8.69 11.3 33.5 – – –

Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners ............... 8.45 4.1 37.1 8.56 4.5 37.3 7.75 8.8 35.3

Hand packers and packagers .................................. 8.17 1.8 37.6 8.34 1.9 37.5 7.17 4.8 38.5

Laborers, except construction, n.e.c. ....................... 8.94 1.4 37.1 8.95 1.6 36.5 8.89 3.1 38.8

Service .................................................................................... 9.09 .8 33.0 9.40 1.0 32.6 8.00 1.5 34.5

Protective service ........................................................ 13.72 1.6 37.9 14.19 1.8 37.6 11.47 2.0 39.3

Supervisors, firefighters and fire prevention ............ 19.53 3.3 49.0 20.05 3.3 48.7 13.45 7.1 52.3

Supervisors, police and detectives .......................... 22.99 3.0 40.2 23.92 2.9 40.2 15.22 9.1 40.1

Supervisors, guards ................................................. 14.75 8.1 37.3 14.71 8.6 37.1 – – –

Fire inspection and fire prevention ........................... 17.40 5.4 37.4 17.67 6.0 37.0 – – –

Firefighting ............................................................... 14.26 2.6 44.4 14.48 2.6 44.4 10.67 7.2 43.6

Police and detectives, public service ....................... 18.71 1.5 39.5 19.08 1.5 39.6 14.32 3.7 39.0

Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers 15.40 2.5 38.8 16.81 2.6 38.4 12.25 2.5 39.7

Correctional institution officers ................................. 13.76 3.9 39.8 14.76 2.4 39.8 12.22 5.2 39.7

Crossing guards ....................................................... 8.51 4.3 17.2 8.57 4.3 17.6 – – –

Guards and police, except public service ................ 8.21 2.1 35.1 8.10 1.9 34.5 – – –

Protective service, n.e.c. .......................................... 11.03 4.9 29.4 11.05 5.1 29.2 10.67 18.5 31.2

See footnotes at end of table.
103

Table 8-2. United States: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas2 for selected

occupations, National Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Service –Continued

Food service ................................................................ $6.53 0.7 30.2 $6.68 0.8 29.5 $6.04 1.4 32.8

Supervisors, food preparation and service .............. 10.81 1.8 38.4 11.00 1.9 38.4 9.85 4.7 38.3

Bartenders ............................................................... 5.98 3.4 29.3 5.99 4.0 29.3 5.93 4.1 29.2

Waiters and waitresses ............................................ 4.04 4.5 29.2 3.81 2.8 27.1 – – –

Cooks ....................................................................... 8.25 1.0 34.0 8.39 1.1 34.1 7.51 2.1 33.4

Food counter, fountain, and related ......................... 5.94 1.4 25.5 6.04 1.7 25.9 5.68 2.1 24.6

Kitchen workers, food preparation ........................... 7.42 1.2 30.5 7.53 1.3 30.1 6.83 2.6 32.3

Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ............................... 5.40 2.6 27.4 5.41 2.8 27.1 5.33 6.6 29.5

Food preparation, n.e.c. ........................................... 6.55 1.5 29.8 6.68 1.2 28.4 6.25 1.5 33.9

Health service .............................................................. 8.45 .7 33.7 8.70 .9 34.1 7.47 2.0 32.2

Dental assistants ..................................................... 10.14 4.2 33.6 10.14 4.2 33.6 – – –

Health aides, except nursing ................................... 9.50 1.2 33.5 9.65 1.2 34.4 8.90 3.6 30.5

Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants .................. 8.15 .9 33.7 8.43 1.0 34.0 7.12 2.0 32.7

Cleaning and building service ...................................... 8.66 1.0 35.0 8.80 1.1 34.7 7.96 1.2 36.8

Supervisors, cleaning and building service workers 10.78 9.6 39.5 12.64 2.4 39.1 – – –

Maids and housemen .............................................. 7.07 1.8 34.8 7.31 2.0 35.2 5.97 2.0 33.2

Janitors and cleaners ............................................... 8.72 1.1 34.5 8.78 1.3 34.2 8.26 1.3 36.5

Pest control .............................................................. 10.72 8.8 42.2 10.72 8.8 42.2 – – –

Personal service .......................................................... 8.74 1.4 29.8 8.79 2.1 27.9 8.65 1.4 34.3

Supervisors, personal service .................................. 16.62 1.7 38.7 13.22 4.2 35.8 – – –

Attendants, amusement, and recreation facilities .... 6.19 4.4 30.6 6.57 3.5 29.2 – – –

Guides ..................................................................... 8.79 10.6 26.6 8.89 11.1 26.8 – – –

Ushers ..................................................................... 5.97 3.1 18.4 5.97 3.1 18.4 – – –

Public transportation attendants .............................. 21.73 7.5 23.1 22.05 7.8 22.8 – – –

Baggage porters and bellhops ................................. 6.90 6.4 35.6 6.90 6.4 35.6 – – –

Welfare service aides .............................................. 7.13 6.8 27.5 7.11 8.1 26.6 7.21 8.5 32.7

Early childhood teachers’ assistants ........................ 7.65 2.1 28.6 7.72 2.5 27.8 7.43 3.9 32.3

Child care workers, n.e.c. ........................................ 8.28 2.2 26.3 8.31 2.3 25.7 8.10 5.9 30.8

Service, n.e.c. .......................................................... 7.24 8.2 31.4 7.86 2.2 28.9 – – –

1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They

include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium

pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is

computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,

weighted by hours. 2 Metropolitan areas can be a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) or Consolidated

Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) as defined by the Office of Management and Budget,

1994. Nonmetropolitan areas are counties that do not fit the definitions above. For more

information, see appendix E. 3 This survey covers the 48 contiguous States. Collection was conducted between

October 1996 and July 1998. The average reference period was August 1997. 4 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all

workers in the civilian economy. For more information, see appendix B. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the

estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For

more information about RSEs, see appendix A.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication

criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may

include data for categories not shown separately. 
104

Table 8-3. New England census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3 for

selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

All ................................................................................................ $16.96 1.8 35.1 $17.42 1.8 35.2 $13.75 5.3 34.0

All excluding sales ............................................................... 17.13 1.8 35.4 17.62 1.7 35.6 13.75 5.1 33.9

White collar ............................................................................ 20.58 1.6 35.5 20.85 1.8 35.4 18.35 1.2 35.9

White collar excluding sales ............................................ 21.28 1.5 36.1 21.61 1.7 36.1 18.64 .5 35.9

Professional specialty and technical ............................... 24.44 1.4 35.0 24.89 1.7 35.0 21.14 .6 34.9

Professional specialty ...................................................... 26.45 1.6 34.7 27.01 1.8 34.7 22.56 .2 34.7

Engineers, architects, and surveyors ........................... 29.00 2.0 39.9 29.10 2.1 39.9 – – –

Aerospace engineers ............................................... 33.26 6.9 40.4 33.26 6.9 40.4 – – –

Chemical engineers ................................................. 26.44 9.4 40.0 26.44 9.4 40.0 – – –

Civil engineers ......................................................... 26.43 7.9 37.9 26.43 7.9 37.9 – – –

Electrical and electronic engineers .......................... 31.02 3.2 40.1 31.02 3.2 40.1 – – –

Industrial engineers ................................................. 26.22 4.3 40.6 26.22 4.3 40.6 – – –

Mechanical engineers .............................................. 26.77 4.9 40.4 26.75 7.1 40.6 – – –

Engineers, n.e.c. ...................................................... 30.07 2.8 39.7 30.07 2.8 39.7 – – –

Mathematical and computer scientists ......................... 27.86 2.9 39.2 28.37 2.4 39.2 21.71 4.6 39.0

Computer systems analysts and scientists .............. 28.37 3.4 39.1 29.05 2.6 39.2 21.71 4.6 39.0

Operations and systems researchers and analysts 25.29 4.2 39.4 25.29 4.2 39.4 – – –

Natural scientists ......................................................... 28.59 7.6 37.7 29.67 7.0 37.4 – – –

Physicists and astronomers ..................................... 42.36 5.6 40.0 42.36 5.6 40.0 – – –

Chemists, except biochemists ................................. 25.22 17.2 39.0 25.22 17.2 39.0 – – –

Medical scientists ..................................................... 26.13 12.9 35.9 26.13 12.9 35.9 – – –

Health related .............................................................. 23.07 4.3 32.1 24.14 3.2 32.1 – – –

Physicians ................................................................ 44.95 16.2 40.0 44.95 16.2 40.0 – – –

Registered nurses .................................................... 20.98 3.4 31.1 21.97 1.7 31.4 – – –

Pharmacists ............................................................. 25.40 2.8 34.5 25.40 2.8 34.5 – – –

Dietitians .................................................................. 17.88 4.9 27.4 17.88 4.9 27.4 – – –

Respiratory therapists .............................................. 19.07 3.0 34.6 19.07 3.0 34.6 – – –

Occupational therapists ........................................... 26.17 7.4 35.2 26.17 7.4 35.2 – – –

Physical therapists ................................................... 24.11 10.1 32.3 28.85 4.4 27.4 – – –

Speech therapists .................................................... 29.86 9.8 35.6 – – – – – –

Therapists, n.e.c. ..................................................... 18.92 10.0 33.9 18.92 10.0 33.9 – – –

Physicians’ assistants .............................................. 27.95 3.4 40.5 – – – – – –

Teachers, college and university ................................. 36.57 2.4 33.7 37.85 3.2 32.6 32.61 1.3 37.6

Engineering teachers ............................................... 43.69 14.1 27.3 48.22 9.2 27.0 – – –

Mathematical science teachers ............................... 36.93 27.3 32.5 – – – – – –

Medical science teachers ........................................ 42.18 5.5 34.7 40.39 13.9 28.7 – – –

Health specialities teachers ..................................... 29.39 6.8 30.0 – – – – – –

Business, commerce, and marketing teachers ........ 48.54 15.7 35.7 60.49 11.8 32.3 – – –

Art, drama, and music teachers ............................... 32.20 7.1 34.6 31.99 8.3 33.8 – – –

Education teachers .................................................. 41.70 14.5 35.6 – – – – – –

English teachers ...................................................... 39.01 8.4 35.6 39.01 8.4 35.6 – – –

Foreign language teachers ...................................... 33.99 11.2 37.4 33.99 11.2 37.4 – – –

Trade and industrial teachers .................................. 27.04 4.6 36.7 – – – – – –

Teachers, post secondary, subject not specified ..... 31.85 8.5 31.7 31.85 8.5 31.7 – – –

Teachers, post secondary, n.e.c. ............................. 33.78 2.2 34.8 33.69 2.4 34.5 – – –

Teachers, except college and university ...................... 29.26 3.3 32.0 30.00 3.4 31.3 25.99 4.9 35.5

Prekindergarten and kindergarten ........................... 22.78 13.7 32.7 22.78 13.7 32.7 – – –

Elementary school teachers .................................... 30.83 3.0 34.3 31.38 3.3 33.7 27.84 5.5 38.1

Secondary school teachers ..................................... 28.72 4.7 34.6 29.79 3.7 33.5 – – –

Teachers, special education .................................... 29.25 6.7 35.6 30.65 7.0 34.4 – – –

Teachers, n.e.c. ....................................................... 32.44 11.3 26.0 32.49 11.3 26.1 – – –

Substitute teachers .................................................. 8.53 10.2 12.2 8.43 12.4 11.8 – – –

Vocational and educational counselors ................... 27.34 7.0 32.0 29.14 8.1 34.6 – – –

Librarians, archivists, and curators .............................. 21.63 9.7 33.7 22.94 9.5 32.9 – – –

Librarians ................................................................. 21.77 10.0 36.0 23.25 9.4 35.6 – – –

Social scientists and urban planners ........................... 20.30 12.2 30.3 20.67 13.3 29.8 – – –

Economists .............................................................. 20.08 12.7 39.4 22.60 12.5 39.1 – – –

Social, recreation, and religious workers ..................... 16.14 3.6 33.0 16.26 3.8 32.9 – – –

Social workers ......................................................... 16.40 3.8 33.7 16.54 4.0 33.7 – – –

Recreation workers .................................................. 12.60 7.6 25.2 12.60 7.6 25.2 – – –

Lawyers and judges ..................................................... 32.42 5.3 39.5 32.42 5.3 39.5 – – –

Lawyers ................................................................... 31.61 6.0 39.6 31.61 6.0 39.6 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
105

Table 8-3. New England census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3 for

selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Professional specialty –Continued

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and

professionals, n.e.c. ................................................... $21.32 5.8 36.9 $21.87 5.5 37.9 – – –

Technical writers ...................................................... 23.93 10.9 36.6 23.93 10.9 36.6 – – –

Designers ................................................................. 23.69 10.2 39.1 23.69 10.2 39.1 – – –

Editors and reporters ............................................... 21.08 14.0 37.6 21.08 14.0 37.6 – – –

Public relations specialists ....................................... 20.25 10.5 39.7 21.90 8.9 40.0 – – –

Athletes .................................................................... 15.82 21.1 24.1 18.77 18.0 35.7 – – –

Professional, n.e.c. .................................................. 21.89 11.9 36.7 21.89 11.9 36.7 – – –

Technical ......................................................................... 17.23 2.1 36.1 17.46 2.4 36.1 $15.28 0.7 35.8

Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians .... 15.56 4.1 34.1 15.56 4.1 34.1 – – –

Radiological technicians .......................................... 19.07 4.8 31.2 19.07 4.8 31.2 – – –

Licensed practical nurses ........................................ 15.34 3.2 30.9 16.07 2.1 31.9 – – –

Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c. ............ 14.68 6.5 34.6 14.68 6.5 34.6 – – –

Electrical and electronic technicians ........................ 17.61 2.5 39.5 17.63 2.6 39.4 – – –

Mechanical engineering technicians ........................ 20.02 7.8 39.7 20.02 7.8 39.7 – – –

Engineering technicians, n.e.c. ................................ 19.34 5.2 39.8 19.34 5.2 39.8 – – –

Drafters .................................................................... 17.70 3.5 39.5 19.22 4.1 39.2 – – –

Chemical technicians ............................................... 18.00 2.9 40.0 18.02 6.2 40.0 – – –

Science technicians, n.e.c. ...................................... 15.93 3.3 38.4 15.30 4.6 36.6 – – –

Computer programmers ........................................... 21.62 6.0 38.1 21.62 6.0 38.1 – – –

Legal assistants ....................................................... 19.04 11.9 38.3 19.04 11.9 38.3 – – –

Technical and related, n.e.c. .................................... 18.40 6.2 38.3 18.40 6.2 38.3 – – –

Executive, administrative, and managerial ..................... 28.54 2.5 39.6 29.00 2.8 39.5 24.81 1.5 40.4

Executives, administrators, and managers .................. 33.40 3.2 39.9 34.36 3.5 39.7 27.37 .8 40.9

Legislators ............................................................... 25.84 4.7 23.6 25.84 4.7 23.6 – – –

Administrators and officials, public administration ... 26.04 8.5 36.5 28.26 4.2 36.0 – – –

Financial managers ................................................. 31.97 6.6 40.1 31.62 7.9 40.1 33.16 11.6 40.0

Personnel and labor relations managers ................. 30.48 17.2 40.7 38.89 11.7 41.2 – – –

Purchasing managers .............................................. 30.16 7.3 41.1 30.16 7.3 41.1 – – –

Managers, marketing, advertising, and public

relations ................................................................. 38.01 6.1 40.9 38.01 6.1 40.9 – – –

Administrators, education and related fields ............ 32.94 4.3 37.5 32.68 4.3 37.3 – – –

Managers, medicine and health ............................... 28.10 8.0 40.0 28.95 8.6 39.2 – – –

Managers, food servicing and lodging

establishments ....................................................... 18.29 15.0 41.1 18.29 15.0 41.1 – – –

Managers, service organizations, n.e.c. .................. 21.62 10.9 39.8 22.76 9.8 39.8 – – –

Managers and administrators, n.e.c. ....................... 37.83 6.6 40.8 38.83 7.2 40.7 30.55 1.4 41.9

Management related .................................................... 20.86 2.0 39.1 21.16 2.2 39.1 16.73 .7 39.0

Accountants and auditors ........................................ 19.37 3.4 38.5 19.59 3.7 38.3 – – –

Underwriters ............................................................ 21.99 9.0 38.5 23.77 8.4 38.9 – – –

Other financial officers ............................................. 23.44 4.7 39.4 23.48 4.7 39.6 – – –

Management analysts .............................................. 25.98 11.7 40.7 26.09 11.8 40.7 – – –

Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists .. 19.57 5.0 39.8 19.75 5.1 39.7 – – –

Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm

products ................................................................. 31.02 20.3 40.8 31.02 20.3 40.8 – – –

Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c. ..................... 18.96 7.7 39.8 18.96 7.7 39.8 – – –

Construction inspectors ........................................... 18.42 15.4 33.1 21.97 5.7 34.7 – – –

Inspectors and compliance officers, except

construction ........................................................... 20.57 5.8 36.8 20.57 5.8 36.8 – – –

Management related, n.e.c. ..................................... 20.76 3.8 39.6 21.03 4.1 39.4 – – –

Sales ................................................................................... 14.45 6.2 31.2 14.50 6.6 30.9 13.82 10.8 35.5

Supervisors, sales ................................................... 18.73 9.5 43.1 18.41 10.7 43.5 – – –

Insurance sales ........................................................ 27.20 13.2 38.8 27.20 13.2 38.8 – – –

Advertising and related sales ................................... 27.04 13.6 39.9 27.04 13.6 39.9 – – –

Sales, other business services ................................ 23.30 20.6 39.8 23.30 20.6 39.8 – – –

Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and

wholesale ............................................................... 29.41 9.0 40.7 29.41 9.0 40.7 – – –

Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats ................ 25.01 21.4 42.2 25.01 21.4 42.2 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
106

Table 8-3. New England census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3 for

selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Sales –Continued

Sales workers, apparel ............................................ $6.80 3.1 29.7 $6.80 3.1 29.7 – – –

Sales workers, other commodities ........................... 10.44 10.0 28.6 9.62 7.5 27.9 – – –

Sales counter clerks ................................................ 9.27 6.7 29.3 9.27 6.7 29.3 – – –

Cashiers ................................................................... 7.11 4.1 24.1 7.17 4.4 23.9 – – –

Sales support, n.e.c. ................................................ 12.40 13.8 37.6 13.65 13.1 36.8 – – –

Administrative support, including clerical ...................... 12.50 1.6 35.5 12.71 1.8 35.6 $10.64 2.9 34.9

Supervisors, general office ...................................... 18.33 5.4 37.0 19.31 6.3 36.4 – – –

Supervisors, financial records processing ............... 17.93 5.7 39.4 18.49 6.0 39.6 – – –

Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and adjusting

clerks ..................................................................... 19.37 5.7 39.0 19.37 5.7 39.0 – – –

Computer operators ................................................. 15.29 3.7 36.7 15.54 3.6 36.5 – – –

Secretaries ............................................................... 14.36 1.5 36.8 14.58 1.7 37.1 13.03 1.1 35.4

Typists ..................................................................... 12.14 3.5 34.5 12.14 3.5 34.5 – – –

Interviewers ............................................................. 11.28 3.2 28.1 11.26 3.3 27.8 – – –

Hotel clerks .............................................................. 9.05 4.4 32.7 9.05 4.4 32.7 – – –

Transportation ticket and reservation agents ........... 13.26 2.9 38.0 13.26 2.9 38.0 – – –

Receptionists ........................................................... 9.98 2.4 32.8 10.14 2.8 32.9 – – –

Information clerks, n.e.c. .......................................... 12.55 9.8 35.6 12.55 9.8 35.6 – – –

Correspondence clerks ............................................ 12.04 6.4 34.6 12.04 6.4 34.6 – – –

Order clerks ............................................................. 11.86 6.0 36.3 11.90 6.2 36.1 – – –

Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping ... 12.21 6.7 32.4 12.74 5.7 33.4 – – –

Library clerks ........................................................... 11.68 6.4 29.8 12.09 6.3 28.5 – – –

File clerks ................................................................. 7.81 9.4 34.1 7.81 9.4 34.3 – – –

Records clerks, n.e.c. .............................................. 11.70 5.0 35.4 12.01 5.4 35.2 – – –

Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ......... 12.40 1.9 36.6 12.65 2.2 37.2 9.27 1.9 29.8

Payroll and timekeeping clerks ................................ 12.89 4.7 36.8 13.01 4.7 36.8 – – –

Billing clerks ............................................................. 9.49 8.2 33.1 10.42 6.1 37.3 – – –

Duplicating machine operators ................................ 10.41 7.5 32.7 10.41 7.5 32.7 – – –

Telephone operators ................................................ 9.68 5.3 32.9 9.68 5.3 32.9 – – –

Mail clerks, except postal service ............................ 8.71 3.7 26.3 8.71 3.7 26.3 – – –

Dispatchers .............................................................. 12.12 15.9 34.3 12.12 16.9 34.6 – – –

Production coordinators ........................................... 15.85 5.3 38.1 15.85 5.3 38.1 – – –

Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ....................... 11.55 6.1 38.5 12.16 3.8 39.6 – – –

Stock and inventory clerks ....................................... 12.80 2.9 37.4 12.47 3.5 36.9 – – –

Expeditors ................................................................ 11.11 4.8 34.9 – – – – – –

Material recording, scheduling, and distribution

clerks, n.e.c. ........................................................... 11.96 5.1 36.2 11.96 5.1 36.2 – – –

Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators .. 15.78 4.1 37.9 15.78 4.1 37.9 – – –

Investigators and adjusters, except insurance ......... 12.21 4.0 35.8 12.18 4.1 35.8 – – –

Bill and account collectors ....................................... 13.24 3.9 39.7 13.24 3.9 39.7 – – –

General office clerks ................................................ 11.91 1.8 35.2 11.90 1.8 35.0 – – –

Data entry keyers ..................................................... 10.61 4.8 36.0 11.25 4.3 35.1 – – –

Statistical clerks ....................................................... 13.11 4.5 34.4 13.11 4.5 34.4 – – –

Teachers’ aides ....................................................... 9.31 4.9 32.9 10.01 3.7 30.5 – – –

Administrative support, n.e.c. .................................. 12.44 6.0 35.0 12.68 6.5 34.7 – – –

Blue collar .............................................................................. 12.52 2.7 37.6 13.10 1.4 37.5 9.39 9.3 38.3

Precision production, craft, and repair ............................ 16.75 1.6 39.8 16.97 1.7 39.8 14.37 .7 39.2

Supervisors, mechanics and repairers .................... 23.03 4.3 40.2 23.03 4.3 40.2 – – –

Automobile mechanics ............................................. 17.36 6.7 40.6 17.36 6.7 40.6 – – –

Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics .......... 19.01 6.5 41.3 19.26 6.6 41.4 – – –

Industrial machinery repairers ................................. 15.76 2.9 40.0 15.43 3.6 39.9 – – –

Electronic repairers, communications and industrial

equipment .............................................................. 13.68 11.6 34.2 13.78 11.9 36.9 – – –

Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c. ............................... 17.39 4.2 39.3 17.39 4.2 39.3 – – –

Supervisors, construction trades, n.e.c. ................... 17.36 3.3 39.0 18.30 2.6 38.7 – – –

Carpenters ............................................................... 18.70 6.0 39.4 18.70 6.0 39.4 – – –

Electricians .............................................................. 19.15 7.5 40.0 19.15 7.5 40.0 – – –

Electrical power installers and repairers .................. 23.29 2.7 40.0 23.36 2.7 40.0 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
107

Table 8-3. New England census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3 for

selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Precision production, craft, and repair –Continued

Painters, construction and maintenance .................. $16.42 6.6 40.0 $16.95 7.0 40.0 – – –

Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ..................... 17.01 8.9 40.0 17.54 8.8 40.0 – – –

Construction trades, n.e.c. ....................................... 13.43 9.7 39.9 15.59 8.2 39.9 – – –

Supervisors, production ........................................... 17.76 4.0 40.6 18.68 4.0 40.5 – – –

Tool and die makers ................................................ 16.59 3.8 40.0 16.59 3.8 40.0 – – –

Precision assemblers, metal .................................... 13.82 5.2 40.0 13.82 5.2 40.0 – – –

Machinists ................................................................ 17.03 2.9 40.0 17.36 2.4 40.0 – – –

Sheet metal workers ................................................ 14.51 7.3 40.0 15.54 6.4 40.0 – – –

Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers ...... 11.82 4.5 39.8 11.82 4.5 39.8 – – –

Butchers and meat cutters ....................................... 12.19 9.7 38.2 13.12 12.1 37.4 – – –

Inspectors, testers, and graders .............................. 12.67 10.8 39.5 12.66 10.9 39.5 – – –

Water and sewer treatment plant operators ............ 18.02 2.4 40.0 18.02 2.4 40.0 – – –

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ........... 10.38 4.1 38.6 10.96 2.4 38.4 $8.52 8.1 39.0

Lathe and turning machine operators ...................... 13.07 10.9 40.0 13.07 10.9 40.0 – – –

Milling and planing machine operators .................... 12.16 9.3 40.0 12.16 9.3 40.0 – – –

Punching and stamping press operators ................. 9.47 3.4 39.6 9.47 3.4 39.6 – – –

Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine

operators ................................................................ 8.08 7.8 40.0 9.02 6.7 40.0 – – –

Numerical control machine operators ...................... 11.96 8.7 40.0 11.96 8.7 40.0 – – –

Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c. ..................... 12.05 5.3 40.0 12.05 5.3 40.0 – – –

Molding and casting machine operators .................. 9.97 6.0 39.9 10.49 7.8 39.8 – – –

Metal plating machine operators .............................. 12.22 7.6 41.6 12.22 7.6 41.6 – – –

Heat treating equipment operators .......................... 12.69 5.4 40.0 12.69 5.4 40.0 – – –

Printing press operators ........................................... 14.33 5.3 39.6 14.46 5.8 39.8 – – –

Photoengravers and lithographers ........................... 13.54 13.9 39.8 13.54 13.9 39.8 – – –

Typesetters and compositors ................................... 9.96 11.5 36.4 9.96 11.5 36.4 – – –

Winding and twisting machine operators ................. 9.19 2.1 40.0 – – – – – –

Knitting, looping, taping, and weaving machine

operators ................................................................ 9.77 2.9 40.0 – – – – – –

Textile sewing machine operators ........................... 9.65 6.0 40.0 9.65 6.0 40.0 – – –

Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators ..... 7.16 9.4 35.0 7.39 12.3 33.9 – – –

Cementing and gluing machine operators ............... 12.16 2.8 40.0 12.16 2.8 40.0 – – –

Packaging and filling machine operators ................. 9.42 11.6 39.8 9.42 11.6 39.8 – – –

Extruding and forming machine operators ............... 10.50 10.1 38.2 11.84 2.7 37.3 – – –

Mixing and blending machine operators .................. 11.86 8.9 40.0 – – – – – –

Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine

operators ................................................................ 14.46 4.1 40.0 14.46 4.1 40.0 – – –

Compressing and compacting machine operators .. 9.91 12.8 33.4 9.91 12.8 33.4 – – –

Painting and paint spraying machine operators ....... 10.13 4.1 40.1 10.18 8.9 40.1 – – –

Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food ....... 13.66 4.1 38.6 13.66 4.1 38.6 – – –

Slicing and cutting machine operators ..................... 8.46 14.7 40.0 11.40 6.8 40.0 – – –

Miscellaneous machine operators, n.e.c. ................ 9.80 7.0 38.9 11.08 3.3 39.8 7.44 8.4 37.3

Welders and cutters ................................................. 14.86 3.0 40.1 14.86 3.0 40.1 – – –

Assemblers .............................................................. 9.52 3.0 34.5 8.98 3.8 33.6 – – –

Miscellaneous hand working, n.e.c. ......................... 9.93 9.7 40.3 9.93 9.7 40.3 – – –

Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ..... 10.91 4.6 39.9 11.11 4.5 39.9 – – –

Production testers .................................................... 11.61 3.7 40.0 11.61 3.7 40.0 – – –

Transportation and material moving ............................... 14.08 3.4 37.2 14.10 3.4 37.2 – – –

Truck drivers ............................................................ 14.05 4.1 38.3 14.05 4.3 38.3 – – –

Driver-sales workers ................................................ 13.98 14.9 40.1 13.98 14.9 40.1 – – –

Bus drivers ............................................................... 13.78 5.4 33.2 13.92 5.5 33.5 – – –

Supervisors, material moving equipment ................. 16.28 9.5 41.9 16.28 9.5 41.9 – – –

Excavating and loading machine operators ............. 23.88 4.0 40.0 23.88 4.0 40.0 – – –

Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ..... 12.05 8.3 39.2 12.05 8.3 39.2 – – –

Miscellaneous material moving equipment

operators, n.e.c. ..................................................... 12.61 6.2 40.0 12.61 6.2 40.0 – – –

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ... 9.69 3.8 33.4 10.06 3.4 33.0 7.75 7.1 36.1

Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm ......... 10.80 5.9 35.0 10.83 6.1 34.8 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
108

Table 8-3. New England census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3 for

selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

–Continued

Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and

laborers, n.e.c. ....................................................... $16.07 1.9 39.2 – – – – – –

Construction laborers ............................................... 14.15 10.3 39.7 $14.68 10.7 39.7 – – –

Production helpers ................................................... 8.02 21.5 39.7 11.09 10.2 39.3 – – –

Stock handlers and baggers .................................... 8.42 3.7 28.8 8.61 3.3 28.3 – – –

Machine feeders and offbearers .............................. 8.16 15.7 36.8 9.95 7.7 35.1 – – –

Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c. ............ 10.61 5.2 33.5 10.21 4.2 33.0 – – –

Garage and service station related .......................... 8.42 12.4 20.4 9.18 13.0 28.0 – – –

Hand packers and packagers .................................. 7.99 4.0 31.2 8.07 4.2 31.4 – – –

Laborers, except construction, n.e.c. ....................... 9.44 4.3 35.8 9.10 4.8 35.6 – – –

Service .................................................................................... 10.07 1.7 30.6 10.45 1.7 31.7 $7.69 2.8 25.1

Protective service ........................................................ 14.42 3.8 36.3 14.49 3.9 36.3 12.55 1.1 35.9

Supervisors, firefighters and fire prevention ............ 20.88 2.9 41.7 21.23 2.8 41.7 – – –

Supervisors, police and detectives .......................... 23.04 6.8 39.7 23.03 7.3 39.6 – – –

Supervisors, guards ................................................. 15.86 9.6 36.7 15.86 9.6 36.7 – – –

Firefighting ............................................................... 16.69 2.8 43.3 16.69 2.8 43.3 – – –

Police and detectives, public service ....................... 17.34 1.9 38.5 17.53 2.0 39.1 – – –

Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers 16.03 7.4 39.5 16.70 8.2 39.6 – – –

Crossing guards ....................................................... 9.44 7.3 16.2 9.44 7.3 16.2 – – –

Guards and police, except public service ................ 8.59 3.8 33.6 8.60 3.9 33.4 – – –

Protective service, n.e.c. .......................................... 7.88 7.1 19.4 7.88 7.1 19.4 – – –

Food service ................................................................ 7.30 2.9 27.2 7.59 3.6 28.5 6.45 1.0 24.0

Supervisors, food preparation and service .............. 12.87 3.8 40.2 13.37 5.4 39.2 – – –

Bartenders ............................................................... 5.89 9.8 25.1 5.73 13.8 27.7 – – –

Waiters and waitresses ............................................ 3.89 16.5 24.3 4.31 20.8 25.6 2.93 5.8 21.7

Cooks ....................................................................... 9.50 2.7 30.7 9.91 2.5 33.4 8.29 3.0 24.8

Food counter, fountain, and related ......................... 7.88 10.4 24.8 7.15 8.7 23.4 – – –

Kitchen workers, food preparation ........................... 7.77 5.4 30.7 8.27 4.4 30.5 – – –

Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ............................... 5.30 4.3 20.2 5.33 5.3 23.2 – – –

Food preparation, n.e.c. ........................................... 7.29 2.8 25.5 7.42 2.9 27.0 6.09 .0 16.5

Health service .............................................................. 9.62 1.0 29.9 9.71 1.0 31.5 8.98 2.5 21.8

Health aides, except nursing ................................... 9.96 3.0 22.9 10.00 4.2 29.7 – – –

Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants .................. 9.52 1.1 31.8 9.63 1.0 31.8 8.37 3.8 32.5

Cleaning and building service ...................................... 9.76 2.9 33.6 9.95 3.1 33.3 8.39 5.9 35.6

Supervisors, cleaning and building service workers 15.74 7.8 38.9 15.79 9.0 38.7 – – –

Maids and housemen .............................................. 7.51 3.6 33.4 7.70 4.6 33.9 – – –

Janitors and cleaners ............................................... 9.85 3.2 33.4 10.00 3.2 33.0 8.46 9.3 37.1

Personal service .......................................................... 9.58 7.3 25.4 9.60 7.7 26.3 – – –

Supervisors, personal service .................................. 13.55 7.3 38.2 – – – – – –

Attendants, amusement, and recreation facilities .... 6.83 12.3 18.5 6.39 10.9 17.5 – – –

Welfare service aides .............................................. 10.02 6.2 22.4 10.48 4.9 25.9 – – –

Child care workers, n.e.c. ........................................ 7.66 6.6 27.1 7.47 6.0 26.8 – – –

Service, n.e.c. .......................................................... 9.11 4.5 27.2 9.11 4.5 27.2 – – –

1 The New England census division consists of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont,

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They

include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium

pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is

computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,

weighted by hours. 3 Metropolitan areas can be a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) or Consolidated

Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) as defined by the Office of Management and Budget,

1994. Nonmetropolitan areas are counties that do not fit the definitions above. For more

information, see appendix E.

4 In this census division, collection was conducted between December 1996 and April

1998. The average reference period was August 1997. 5 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all

workers in the civilian economy. For more information, see appendix B. 6 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the

estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For

more information about RSEs, see appendix A.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication

criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may

include data for categories not shown separately. 
109

Table 8-4. Middle Atlantic census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3

for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

All ................................................................................................ $17.42 1.5 35.7 $17.75 1.3 35.7 $12.22 7.4 36.1

All excluding sales ............................................................... 17.66 1.6 36.0 18.00 1.3 36.0 12.28 8.1 36.4

White collar ............................................................................ 21.25 1.3 35.8 21.48 1.3 35.8 16.00 1.5 35.3

White collar excluding sales ............................................ 22.16 1.3 36.3 22.38 1.3 36.3 16.82 .2 35.8

Professional specialty and technical ............................... 26.04 1.4 35.1 26.34 1.5 35.1 20.18 1.1 34.3

Professional specialty ...................................................... 28.26 1.4 34.9 28.60 1.4 35.0 21.64 .9 33.8

Engineers, architects, and surveyors ........................... 27.23 2.0 39.5 27.49 2.0 39.4 – – –

Architects ................................................................. 21.25 14.5 41.0 21.25 14.5 41.0 – – –

Aerospace engineers ............................................... 29.38 8.9 40.0 29.38 8.9 40.0 – – –

Metallurgical and materials engineers ..................... 24.81 3.9 40.1 24.81 3.9 40.1 – – –

Chemical engineers ................................................. 29.68 9.1 39.5 29.68 9.1 39.5 – – –

Civil engineers ......................................................... 25.25 4.1 39.2 25.25 4.1 39.2 – – –

Electrical and electronic engineers .......................... 28.76 4.3 39.2 28.83 4.3 39.1 – – –

Industrial engineers ................................................. 25.12 8.9 40.5 27.00 6.6 39.8 – – –

Mechanical engineers .............................................. 25.05 3.8 38.4 25.32 3.9 38.3 – – –

Engineers, n.e.c. ...................................................... 28.86 2.6 39.7 28.86 2.6 39.7 – – –

Mathematical and computer scientists ......................... 31.94 4.5 39.2 32.02 4.5 39.2 – – –

Computer systems analysts and scientists .............. 30.46 3.6 39.3 30.56 3.6 39.3 – – –

Operations and systems researchers and analysts 37.29 9.3 39.2 37.29 9.3 39.2 – – –

Statisticians .............................................................. 27.09 2.8 35.7 27.09 2.8 35.7 – – –

Natural scientists ......................................................... 29.22 3.8 39.1 29.22 3.8 39.1 – – –

Chemists, except biochemists ................................. 32.54 6.0 39.0 32.54 6.0 39.0 – – –

Physical scientists, n.e.c. ......................................... 26.44 6.5 39.8 26.44 6.5 39.8 – – –

Biological and life scientists ..................................... 29.47 7.6 38.1 29.47 7.6 38.1 – – –

Medical scientists ..................................................... 26.48 11.3 38.9 26.48 11.3 38.9 – – –

Health related .............................................................. 23.87 1.8 33.8 24.13 1.9 34.0 20.35 2.1 30.6

Physicians ................................................................ 32.29 6.0 39.7 31.44 6.4 39.8 – – –

Registered nurses .................................................... 22.74 1.6 32.9 23.17 1.6 33.1 17.62 1.4 30.0

Pharmacists ............................................................. 25.77 3.3 33.5 25.59 3.5 33.2 – – –

Dietitians .................................................................. 16.76 6.4 34.5 16.76 6.4 34.5 – – –

Respiratory therapists .............................................. 19.14 3.1 32.7 19.14 3.1 32.7 – – –

Occupational therapists ........................................... 23.16 8.0 34.3 23.16 8.0 34.3 – – –

Physical therapists ................................................... 26.41 5.5 34.3 26.56 5.6 35.1 – – –

Speech therapists .................................................... 20.92 11.1 24.0 21.35 12.7 24.8 – – –

Therapists, n.e.c. ..................................................... 16.01 4.5 37.4 16.40 4.5 37.5 – – –

Physicians’ assistants .............................................. 25.34 9.7 33.4 25.34 9.7 33.4 – – –

Teachers, college and university ................................. 40.42 3.7 32.3 41.14 3.8 32.0 29.68 3.9 37.9

Biological science teachers ..................................... 34.20 4.2 32.5 35.06 4.8 31.4 – – –

Chemistry teachers .................................................. 43.41 23.7 34.6 43.41 23.7 34.6 – – –

Natural science teachers, n.e.c. .............................. 49.06 1.6 37.7 49.06 1.6 37.7 – – –

Psychology teachers ................................................ 41.04 13.5 31.9 41.04 13.5 31.9 – – –

Mathematical science teachers ............................... 48.09 7.6 32.7 48.09 7.6 32.7 – – –

Medical science teachers ........................................ 54.12 7.1 28.6 54.12 7.1 28.6 – – –

Health specialities teachers ..................................... 30.56 4.3 35.2 30.56 4.3 35.2 – – –

Business, commerce, and marketing teachers ........ 42.24 15.3 31.4 43.06 16.3 31.4 – – –

Art, drama, and music teachers ............................... 32.11 4.9 30.9 29.97 7.4 28.3 – – –

Education teachers .................................................. 25.74 3.0 26.3 – – – – – –

English teachers ...................................................... 35.35 8.3 34.1 38.21 7.0 33.4 – – –

Theology teachers ................................................... 48.18 12.2 34.9 48.18 12.2 34.9 – – –

Trade and industrial teachers .................................. 19.22 7.8 27.5 19.22 7.8 27.5 – – –

Teachers, post secondary, subject not specified ..... 29.96 7.1 35.5 30.51 9.1 34.1 – – –

Teachers, post secondary, n.e.c. ............................. 40.56 6.9 31.6 40.56 6.9 31.6 – – –

Teachers, except college and university ...................... 32.71 2.2 32.8 33.24 2.1 32.8 25.37 5.7 33.8

Prekindergarten and kindergarten ........................... 26.52 12.0 33.0 26.52 12.0 33.0 – – –

Elementary school teachers .................................... 34.96 2.4 34.9 35.45 2.2 34.9 – – –

Secondary school teachers ..................................... 35.69 2.9 35.7 36.42 2.6 35.7 – – –

Teachers, special education .................................... 33.42 3.6 33.6 33.51 3.6 33.6 – – –

Teachers, n.e.c. ....................................................... 32.21 4.3 29.2 32.53 4.4 28.7 – – –

Substitute teachers .................................................. 11.06 7.2 17.6 11.30 7.5 18.7 – – –

Vocational and educational counselors ................... 24.39 13.7 35.6 25.06 16.7 35.1 22.02 10.1 37.7

Librarians, archivists, and curators .............................. 24.49 8.3 35.4 24.49 8.3 35.4 – – –

Librarians ................................................................. 24.85 8.6 34.9 24.85 8.6 34.9 – – –

Archivists and curators ............................................ 23.02 23.0 37.5 23.02 23.0 37.5 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
110

Table 8-4. Middle Atlantic census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3

for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Professional specialty –Continued

Social scientists and urban planners ........................... $26.67 7.3 35.3 $26.67 7.3 35.3 – – –

Economists .............................................................. 26.85 8.9 38.0 26.85 8.9 38.0 – – –

Psychologists ........................................................... 27.12 10.7 33.5 27.12 10.7 33.5 – – –

Social, recreation, and religious workers ..................... 17.52 3.0 35.3 17.68 3.3 35.1 $16.21 4.1 37.2

Social workers ......................................................... 17.79 3.0 35.5 17.97 3.3 35.3 16.40 4.2 37.2

Recreation workers .................................................. 13.20 10.1 33.1 13.38 10.0 33.0 – – –

Lawyers and judges ..................................................... 35.74 6.8 39.0 36.18 6.8 39.2 – – –

Lawyers ................................................................... 35.69 6.8 39.7 36.13 6.8 40.0 – – –

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and

professionals, n.e.c. ................................................... 23.98 5.5 34.5 24.13 5.5 34.4 – – –

Technical writers ...................................................... 20.83 7.1 39.2 20.83 7.1 39.2 – – –

Designers ................................................................. 22.50 6.2 38.8 22.50 6.2 38.8 – – –

Musicians and composers ....................................... 47.96 7.6 13.1 47.96 7.6 13.1 – – –

Actors and directors ................................................. 30.27 14.1 33.2 30.27 14.1 33.2 – – –

Painters, sculptors, craft artists, and artist

printmakers ............................................................ 21.06 16.1 28.5 21.06 16.1 28.5 – – –

Editors and reporters ............................................... 25.32 11.0 37.3 25.39 11.1 37.3 – – –

Public relations specialists ....................................... 22.66 7.2 39.0 23.44 6.5 38.9 – – –

Athletes .................................................................... 16.26 9.0 17.6 15.84 10.6 15.8 – – –

Professional, n.e.c. .................................................. 24.58 11.1 39.0 24.58 11.1 39.0 – – –

Technical ......................................................................... 17.79 2.0 35.6 17.96 2.1 35.6 14.30 6.0 36.5

Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians .... 16.47 4.0 35.4 16.60 4.0 35.3 – – –

Health record technologists and technicians ........... 13.11 6.9 30.4 13.11 6.9 30.4 – – –

Radiological technicians .......................................... 17.55 2.7 32.2 17.55 2.7 32.2 – – –

Licensed practical nurses ........................................ 14.10 1.5 33.0 14.31 1.5 33.0 12.01 3.9 33.3

Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c. ............ 14.69 3.5 33.8 14.78 3.6 33.7 – – –

Electrical and electronic technicians ........................ 18.92 5.0 39.5 19.25 4.8 39.5 – – –

Mechanical engineering technicians ........................ 20.75 3.8 39.6 20.75 3.8 39.6 – – –

Engineering technicians, n.e.c. ................................ 19.11 2.7 39.0 19.11 2.7 39.0 – – –

Drafters .................................................................... 15.54 4.4 39.4 15.54 4.4 39.4 – – –

Biological technicians .............................................. 17.29 9.3 38.3 17.29 9.3 38.3 – – –

Chemical technicians ............................................... 17.17 4.5 39.2 17.17 4.5 39.2 – – –

Science technicians, n.e.c. ...................................... 16.68 5.7 38.8 16.68 5.7 38.8 – – –

Airplane pilots and navigators .................................. 56.17 25.5 26.8 77.10 9.5 22.2 – – –

Broadcast equipment operators ............................... 25.17 14.4 34.1 25.77 14.0 33.9 – – –

Computer programmers ........................................... 20.03 5.3 38.1 20.97 3.7 38.2 – – –

Legal assistants ....................................................... 16.96 5.1 37.6 16.96 5.1 37.6 – – –

Technical and related, n.e.c. .................................... 20.54 3.2 37.1 20.68 3.1 37.1 – – –

Executive, administrative, and managerial ..................... 30.00 1.9 39.0 30.23 1.9 39.0 20.92 1.0 38.5

Executives, administrators, and managers .................. 34.38 2.0 39.4 34.78 2.1 39.4 21.71 1.1 38.8

Administrators and officials, public administration ... 28.39 4.4 36.6 30.04 4.3 36.6 21.13 4.9 36.8

Financial managers ................................................. 39.31 6.2 40.1 39.61 6.3 40.1 – – –

Personnel and labor relations managers ................. 36.17 9.4 39.5 37.77 9.9 39.5 – – –

Purchasing managers .............................................. 33.90 9.8 40.6 33.90 9.8 40.6 – – –

Managers, marketing, advertising, and public

relations ................................................................. 37.61 4.6 40.0 37.64 4.6 40.0 – – –

Administrators, education and related fields ............ 34.67 6.7 36.8 35.51 6.8 36.7 24.01 12.9 38.7

Managers, medicine and health ............................... 31.63 5.1 38.5 32.35 5.4 38.4 – – –

Managers, food servicing and lodging

establishments ....................................................... 19.91 7.2 43.8 20.41 7.0 44.0 – – –

Managers, service organizations, n.e.c. .................. 31.27 9.7 37.7 32.07 9.5 37.5 – – –

Managers and administrators, n.e.c. ....................... 33.99 2.7 39.9 34.07 2.7 39.9 – – –

Management related .................................................... 22.53 2.8 38.4 22.60 2.8 38.4 17.91 5.1 37.4

Accountants and auditors ........................................ 23.33 5.2 38.3 23.45 5.2 38.3 – – –

Underwriters ............................................................ 26.95 13.4 38.0 26.95 13.4 38.0 – – –

Other financial officers ............................................. 24.97 9.5 37.8 25.02 9.6 37.9 – – –

Management analysts .............................................. 26.78 7.4 39.4 26.78 7.4 39.4 – – –

Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists .. 21.13 5.0 39.3 21.20 5.0 39.3 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
111

Table 8-4. Middle Atlantic census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3

for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Executive, administrative, and managerial –Continued

Management related –Continued

Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm

products ................................................................. $23.54 10.7 40.1 $23.54 10.7 40.1 – – –

Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c. ..................... 20.43 6.9 39.1 20.43 6.9 39.1 – – –

Construction inspectors ........................................... 21.09 9.0 37.1 21.09 9.0 37.1 – – –

Inspectors and compliance officers, except

construction ........................................................... 19.51 8.8 37.7 19.51 8.8 37.7 – – –

Management related, n.e.c. ..................................... 21.97 3.3 38.4 22.02 3.3 38.4 – – –

Sales ................................................................................... 13.73 4.0 32.1 13.88 4.1 32.1 $11.18 10.4 32.5

Supervisors, sales ................................................... 19.83 7.5 40.1 20.12 7.9 40.0 – – –

Insurance sales ........................................................ 24.47 16.9 38.6 24.47 16.9 38.6 – – –

Securities and financial services sales .................... 30.02 22.0 35.5 30.04 22.0 35.8 – – –

Advertising and related sales ................................... 21.26 20.1 37.0 21.26 20.1 37.0 – – –

Sales, other business services ................................ 17.64 11.0 33.7 17.64 11.0 33.7 – – –

Sales engineers ....................................................... 23.07 9.1 42.1 23.07 9.1 42.1 – – –

Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and

wholesale ............................................................... 21.33 6.5 40.5 21.02 7.6 39.9 – – –

Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats ................ 20.00 14.4 43.6 20.00 14.4 43.6 – – –

Sales workers, apparel ............................................ 7.27 7.1 31.0 7.32 7.3 30.6 – – –

Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings ........ 11.70 16.1 39.4 12.09 15.2 39.4 – – –

Sales workers, radio, tv, hi-fi, and appliances ......... 8.89 9.6 35.0 9.13 9.5 34.6 – – –

Sales workers, hardware and building supplies ....... 14.04 12.1 36.6 14.04 12.1 36.6 – – –

Sales workers, parts ................................................ 17.98 16.3 38.0 17.98 16.3 38.0 – – –

Sales workers, other commodities ........................... 11.23 15.8 28.4 11.54 16.2 28.5 5.94 3.7 27.1

Sales counter clerks ................................................ 8.34 9.4 30.7 7.97 9.6 30.0 – – –

Cashiers ................................................................... 8.02 3.5 27.3 8.12 3.7 27.5 6.60 6.6 25.1

Street and door-to-door sales workers .................... 35.83 41.6 27.3 35.83 41.6 27.3 – – –

Demonstrators, promoters, and models, sales ........ 8.41 9.2 26.9 8.07 9.2 26.5 – – –

Sales support, n.e.c. ................................................ 11.78 9.2 35.7 12.12 9.1 35.6 – – –

Administrative support, including clerical ...................... 12.97 1.3 36.0 13.07 1.3 36.0 10.39 1.9 37.0

Supervisors, general office ...................................... 18.22 3.7 38.6 18.28 3.8 38.7 – – –

Supervisors, computer equipment operators ........... 19.68 7.9 38.2 19.68 7.9 38.2 – – –

Supervisors, financial records processing ............... 18.26 4.3 38.4 18.44 4.8 38.6 – – –

Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and adjusting

clerks ..................................................................... 17.96 12.5 39.8 17.96 12.5 39.8 – – –

Computer operators ................................................. 14.37 4.7 37.3 14.42 4.7 37.3 – – –

Secretaries ............................................................... 14.50 1.7 37.2 14.58 1.8 37.1 11.26 1.6 37.8

Stenographers ......................................................... 15.76 7.6 35.1 16.42 7.6 34.8 – – –

Typists ..................................................................... 12.03 4.9 35.4 12.02 5.1 35.4 – – –

Interviewers ............................................................. 9.85 7.0 29.2 9.88 7.3 29.6 – – –

Hotel clerks .............................................................. 9.09 6.4 37.6 9.14 6.5 37.6 – – –

Transportation ticket and reservation agents ........... 15.35 6.4 35.5 15.35 6.4 35.5 – – –

Receptionists ........................................................... 10.20 2.4 34.9 10.25 2.4 34.8 – – –

Information clerks, n.e.c. .......................................... 12.65 10.1 34.0 12.78 10.2 33.9 – – –

Correspondence clerks ............................................ 12.15 6.2 39.2 12.15 6.2 39.2 – – –

Order clerks ............................................................. 14.36 5.7 37.4 14.56 5.6 37.3 – – –

Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping ... 14.01 5.1 38.4 14.01 5.1 38.4 – – –

Library clerks ........................................................... 11.43 2.6 29.2 11.47 2.6 29.1 – – –

File clerks ................................................................. 9.62 5.4 35.3 9.62 5.4 35.3 – – –

Records clerks, n.e.c. .............................................. 12.08 3.2 36.2 12.10 3.2 36.1 – – –

Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ......... 12.71 2.4 37.4 12.85 2.5 37.3 10.01 2.6 39.2

Payroll and timekeeping clerks ................................ 12.95 4.7 38.0 13.21 4.6 37.9 – – –

Billing clerks ............................................................. 10.90 3.6 38.2 11.22 3.4 38.0 – – –

Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators 10.04 16.3 33.3 10.04 16.3 33.3 – – –

Duplicating machine operators ................................ 10.27 9.2 33.7 10.27 9.2 33.7 – – –

Telephone operators ................................................ 12.50 6.4 33.9 12.51 6.5 33.9 – – –

Mail clerks, except postal service ............................ 10.27 8.1 37.0 10.29 8.1 37.0 – – –

Messengers ............................................................. 12.80 10.2 37.2 12.99 9.5 37.3 – – –

Dispatchers .............................................................. 15.75 9.4 38.4 16.10 9.2 38.3 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
112

Table 8-4. Middle Atlantic census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3

for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Administrative support, including clerical –Continued

Production coordinators ........................................... $14.17 6.2 38.9 $14.43 6.3 38.8 – – –

Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ....................... 12.24 6.2 37.8 12.26 6.2 37.8 – – –

Stock and inventory clerks ....................................... 11.23 5.8 34.0 11.28 6.1 33.4 $10.90 16.7 40.0

Meter readers .......................................................... 16.63 4.2 40.0 16.62 4.3 40.0 – – –

Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers ....... 13.68 16.3 38.8 13.68 16.3 38.8 – – –

Expeditors ................................................................ 12.57 10.9 36.8 12.57 10.9 36.8 – – –

Material recording, scheduling, and distribution

clerks, n.e.c. ........................................................... 10.77 7.4 32.5 10.77 7.6 32.4 – – –

Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators .. 15.26 10.1 39.2 15.26 10.1 39.2 – – –

Investigators and adjusters, except insurance ......... 12.68 3.0 35.0 12.70 3.0 35.0 – – –

Eligibility clerks, social welfare ................................. 13.65 3.7 35.9 13.98 3.6 36.0 – – –

Bill and account collectors ....................................... 11.21 4.8 36.9 11.38 4.5 36.8 – – –

General office clerks ................................................ 12.35 3.7 35.3 12.42 3.8 35.4 10.70 5.0 34.5

Bank tellers .............................................................. 9.18 3.0 34.9 9.18 3.0 34.9 – – –

Data entry keyers ..................................................... 10.21 2.5 38.1 10.45 2.7 37.8 8.65 2.9 39.9

Statistical clerks ....................................................... 13.49 9.0 36.4 13.49 9.0 36.4 – – –

Teachers’ aides ....................................................... 10.66 6.1 28.9 10.77 6.4 29.0 – – –

Administrative support, n.e.c. .................................. 12.79 3.7 34.6 12.84 3.7 34.7 – – –

Blue collar .............................................................................. 13.29 2.6 37.9 13.68 1.2 37.8 9.39 7.7 38.6

Precision production, craft, and repair ............................ 17.83 1.6 39.4 18.00 1.7 39.4 14.01 3.6 40.1

Supervisors, mechanics and repairers .................... 21.36 4.6 38.7 21.36 4.6 38.7 – – –

Automobile mechanics ............................................. 18.66 6.9 39.9 18.66 6.9 39.9 – – –

Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics .......... 16.55 2.4 39.8 16.55 2.4 39.8 – – –

Automobile body and related repairers .................... 13.13 3.4 40.2 13.13 3.4 40.2 – – –

Aircraft mechanics, except engine ........................... 16.50 5.1 40.0 – – – – – –

Heavy equipment mechanics ................................... 17.34 8.3 40.0 17.34 8.3 40.0 – – –

Industrial machinery repairers ................................. 16.20 2.9 40.0 16.29 3.0 40.0 – – –

Machinery maintenance ........................................... 17.22 5.0 40.0 17.29 5.0 40.0 – – –

Electronic repairers, communications and industrial

equipment .............................................................. 19.45 6.0 38.9 19.45 6.0 38.9 – – –

Telephone line installers and repairers .................... 21.07 2.5 40.4 21.30 2.3 40.0 – – –

Telephone installers and repairers .......................... 18.06 8.1 40.0 17.74 8.2 40.0 – – –

Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration

mechanics .............................................................. 19.17 3.8 39.8 19.17 3.8 39.8 – – –

Office machine repairers .......................................... 16.11 5.7 38.7 16.11 5.7 38.7 – – –

Mechanical controls and valve repairers ................. 22.01 4.6 40.0 22.01 4.6 40.0 – – –

Millwrights ................................................................ 18.67 10.1 40.0 18.67 10.1 40.0 – – –

Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c. ............................... 17.07 3.3 39.1 17.44 2.8 39.0 – – –

Supervisors, electricians and power transmission

installers ................................................................. 29.33 8.6 39.2 29.32 9.0 39.2 – – –

Supervisors, construction trades, n.e.c. ................... 20.94 7.7 39.7 21.18 8.1 39.7 – – –

Carpenters ............................................................... 18.71 5.8 38.8 18.84 6.0 38.8 – – –

Electricians .............................................................. 21.25 5.4 39.6 21.25 5.4 39.6 – – –

Electrician apprentices ............................................. 16.15 10.4 39.9 16.15 10.4 39.9 – – –

Electrical power installers and repairers .................. 24.35 3.1 40.0 24.28 3.3 40.0 – – –

Painters, construction and maintenance .................. 17.19 12.1 38.4 17.19 12.1 38.4 – – –

Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ..................... 20.83 3.5 39.5 20.99 3.5 39.5 – – –

Construction trades, n.e.c. ....................................... 15.13 7.5 39.5 15.57 7.8 39.4 – – –

Supervisors, production ........................................... 19.11 2.4 40.3 19.11 2.4 40.3 – – –

Tool and die makers ................................................ 18.61 1.8 40.7 18.61 1.8 40.7 – – –

Precision assemblers, metal .................................... 16.98 5.4 40.0 16.98 5.4 40.0 – – –

Machinists ................................................................ 16.59 3.5 40.0 16.59 3.5 40.0 – – –

Sheet metal workers ................................................ 16.05 9.4 40.0 16.05 9.4 40.0 – – –

Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers ...... 10.49 4.0 39.6 10.48 4.2 39.6 – – –

Miscellaneous precision workers, n.e.c. .................. 17.18 8.6 39.9 17.18 8.6 39.9 – – –

Butchers and meat cutters ....................................... 13.65 6.8 39.3 13.33 9.7 39.0 – – –

Bakers ...................................................................... 9.80 13.2 32.8 9.80 13.2 32.8 – – –

Food batchmakers ................................................... 8.50 7.8 34.7 8.50 7.8 34.7 – – –

Inspectors, testers, and graders .............................. 18.33 5.1 40.0 18.33 5.1 40.0 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
113

Table 8-4. Middle Atlantic census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3

for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Precision production, craft, and repair –Continued

Water and sewer treatment plant operators ............ $16.04 4.6 40.0 $16.04 4.6 40.0 – – –

Stationary engineers ................................................ 18.04 3.7 38.4 18.53 3.7 38.2 – – –

Miscellaneous plant and system operators, n.e.c. ... 18.25 5.3 41.2 18.25 5.3 41.2 – – –

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ........... 11.08 4.9 39.7 11.71 2.2 39.6 $7.82 4.0 40.2

Lathe and turning machine operators ...................... 13.31 5.3 39.4 13.31 5.3 39.4 – – –

Punching and stamping press operators ................. 11.82 8.9 41.0 11.82 8.9 41.0 – – –

Rolling machine operators ....................................... 17.96 11.1 40.0 17.96 11.1 40.0 – – –

Drilling and boring machine operators ..................... 14.39 7.8 40.0 14.39 7.8 40.0 – – –

Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine

operators ................................................................ 13.19 5.2 40.4 14.12 4.3 40.6 – – –

Numerical control machine operators ...................... 12.56 6.6 42.2 12.56 6.6 42.2 – – –

Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c. ..................... 13.10 5.4 40.0 13.10 5.4 40.0 – – –

Molding and casting machine operators .................. 10.17 10.9 39.2 10.23 11.0 39.2 – – –

Metal plating machine operators .............................. 12.42 4.0 40.0 12.42 4.0 40.0 – – –

Heat treating equipment operators .......................... 15.72 10.5 39.4 15.72 10.5 39.4 – – –

Printing press operators ........................................... 15.71 6.4 39.3 15.90 6.5 39.2 – – –

Photoengravers and lithographers ........................... 14.37 11.1 37.6 14.37 11.1 37.6 – – –

Typesetters and compositors ................................... 17.03 8.3 34.0 17.03 8.3 34.0 – – –

Winding and twisting machine operators ................. 9.75 6.3 38.4 9.75 6.3 38.4 – – –

Knitting, looping, taping, and weaving machine

operators ................................................................ 9.92 6.5 40.0 9.92 6.5 40.0 – – –

Textile sewing machine operators ........................... – – – 7.12 3.9 38.9 – – –

Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators ..... 9.15 3.8 36.7 9.09 3.9 36.9 – – –

Packaging and filling machine operators ................. 10.08 13.0 40.0 10.08 13.0 40.0 – – –

Extruding and forming machine operators ............... 10.34 8.5 40.1 10.34 8.5 40.1 – – –

Mixing and blending machine operators .................. 13.30 5.0 40.0 13.30 5.0 40.0 – – –

Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine

operators ................................................................ 14.35 2.6 40.0 14.35 2.6 40.0 – – –

Compressing and compacting machine operators .. – – – 11.08 12.9 40.0 – – –

Painting and paint spraying machine operators ....... 12.84 3.7 40.0 12.84 3.7 40.0 – – –

Folding machine operators ...................................... 10.40 6.8 39.1 10.40 6.8 39.1 – – –

Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food ....... 13.21 5.7 39.4 13.21 5.7 39.4 – – –

Crushing and grinding machine operators ............... 14.28 3.6 40.0 – – – – – –

Slicing and cutting machine operators ..................... 11.81 3.3 40.5 11.81 3.3 40.5 – – –

Photographic process machine operators ............... 10.56 8.1 40.0 10.56 8.1 40.0 – – –

Miscellaneous machine operators, n.e.c. ................ 12.71 3.7 39.1 12.71 3.7 39.1 – – –

Welders and cutters ................................................. 15.66 2.2 40.6 15.68 2.2 40.6 – – –

Solders and braziers ................................................ 9.31 6.6 40.0 9.31 6.6 40.0 – – –

Assemblers .............................................................. 10.15 3.4 39.5 10.29 3.6 39.5 7.14 4.4 40.0

Miscellaneous hand working, n.e.c. ......................... 10.91 9.9 40.0 10.91 9.9 40.0 – – –

Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ..... 11.64 3.9 40.1 11.85 3.5 39.9 – – –

Production testers .................................................... 13.43 9.6 40.0 13.43 9.6 40.0 – – –

Graders and sorters, except agricultural .................. 12.32 20.5 39.1 – – – – – –

Transportation and material moving ............................... 14.58 1.8 35.8 14.58 1.9 36.0 14.78 5.0 27.5

Supervisors, motor vehicle operators ...................... 18.47 12.0 40.0 18.47 12.0 40.0 – – –

Truck drivers ............................................................ 14.99 1.8 36.6 14.99 1.8 36.5 – – –

Driver-sales workers ................................................ 17.98 5.5 39.8 17.98 5.5 39.8 – – –

Bus drivers ............................................................... 14.29 4.1 31.3 14.23 4.3 32.9 – – –

Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs ................................ 9.67 11.4 33.0 9.67 11.4 33.0 – – –

Motor transportation, n.e.c. ...................................... 12.95 8.9 37.6 12.98 9.2 37.5 – – –

Locomotive operating .............................................. 18.94 6.0 40.0 18.94 6.0 40.0 – – –

Supervisors, material moving equipment ................. 17.67 4.9 39.3 17.84 5.7 39.7 – – –

Crane and tower operators ...................................... 17.56 9.8 40.0 17.56 9.8 40.0 – – –

Excavating and loading machine operators ............. 15.01 5.9 40.0 15.10 5.9 40.0 – – –

Grader, dozer, and scrapper operators ................... 18.94 9.3 39.6 18.92 9.6 39.6 – – –

Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ..... 11.85 3.6 40.3 11.80 3.8 40.3 – – –

Miscellaneous material moving equipment

operators, n.e.c. ..................................................... 14.61 3.1 31.6 14.59 3.2 31.5 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
114

Table 8-4. Middle Atlantic census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3

for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ... $10.44 2.4 35.7 $10.51 2.6 35.5 $9.90 3.0 37.2

Supervisors, agriculture-related workers ................. 16.04 9.4 40.0 16.04 9.4 40.0 – – –

Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm ......... 10.82 5.1 36.4 10.93 5.5 36.1 – – –

Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and

laborers, n.e.c. ....................................................... 16.17 6.8 36.9 16.25 7.2 36.8 – – –

Helpers, mechanics and repairers ........................... 11.91 8.1 37.0 11.90 8.9 36.7 – – –

Helpers, construction trades .................................... 13.00 17.5 39.4 13.00 17.5 39.4 – – –

Construction laborers ............................................... 11.57 4.2 39.6 12.03 4.4 39.5 – – –

Production helpers ................................................... 9.75 6.3 38.8 9.77 6.4 38.9 – – –

Garbage collectors ................................................... 16.03 9.1 39.9 16.03 9.1 39.9 – – –

Stock handlers and baggers .................................... 9.02 4.8 30.3 9.10 5.3 30.4 8.35 6.1 29.2

Machine feeders and offbearers .............................. 8.79 5.7 38.5 8.80 5.8 38.5 – – –

Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c. ............ 11.35 5.0 32.5 11.37 5.2 32.5 – – –

Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners ............... 11.11 10.6 36.9 11.11 10.6 36.9 – – –

Hand packers and packagers .................................. 9.26 5.4 39.3 9.33 5.4 39.3 – – –

Laborers, except construction, n.e.c. ....................... 10.05 3.1 38.6 9.98 4.1 38.2 – – –

Service .................................................................................... 11.02 2.2 32.7 11.05 2.3 32.6 10.63 .5 33.3

Protective service ........................................................ 17.30 3.6 37.2 17.23 3.9 37.0 18.23 1.9 39.3

Supervisors, firefighters and fire prevention ............ 24.03 10.2 44.4 24.03 10.2 44.4 – – –

Supervisors, police and detectives .......................... 27.37 3.9 39.9 27.81 3.8 39.9 – – –

Supervisors, guards ................................................. 17.77 8.5 39.4 17.77 8.5 39.4 – – –

Firefighting ............................................................... 19.17 2.9 43.3 19.17 2.9 43.3 – – –

Police and detectives, public service ....................... 21.68 3.3 39.5 21.68 3.4 39.5 – – –

Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers 18.08 6.0 34.3 18.24 5.9 34.9 – – –

Correctional institution officers ................................. 18.54 2.4 39.8 18.63 3.1 39.7 – – –

Crossing guards ....................................................... 9.67 6.9 19.0 9.67 6.9 19.0 – – –

Guards and police, except public service ................ 9.59 5.4 34.8 9.59 5.4 34.8 – – –

Protective service, n.e.c. .......................................... 12.41 12.5 27.5 11.88 12.8 26.9 – – –

Food service ................................................................ 7.31 2.3 28.3 7.35 2.4 28.4 6.92 6.3 26.6

Supervisors, food preparation and service .............. 11.65 8.4 38.1 12.13 8.5 38.8 – – –

Bartenders ............................................................... 6.51 14.9 25.0 6.51 14.9 25.0 – – –

Waiters and waitresses ............................................ 4.44 6.4 25.0 4.50 6.4 25.6 – – –

Cooks ....................................................................... 9.04 4.2 33.5 9.05 4.4 33.6 – – –

Food counter, fountain, and related ......................... 7.02 4.4 25.9 7.04 4.8 25.8 – – –

Kitchen workers, food preparation ........................... 8.66 4.2 29.7 8.91 4.7 29.8 7.52 2.9 29.1

Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ............................... 5.81 6.3 26.5 5.72 7.7 25.2 – – –

Food preparation, n.e.c. ........................................... 7.25 4.2 27.7 7.27 4.4 28.0 6.36 3.6 20.1

Health service .............................................................. 9.54 2.1 33.9 9.56 2.3 33.9 9.24 4.1 34.5

Health aides, except nursing ................................... 11.13 2.7 34.1 11.00 3.0 34.4 12.07 7.5 32.3

Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants .................. 9.19 2.5 33.9 9.26 2.6 33.8 7.94 4.8 35.6

Cleaning and building service ...................................... 10.42 3.2 34.5 10.53 3.4 34.6 8.43 1.0 34.2

Supervisors, cleaning and building service workers 14.86 6.2 39.1 14.86 6.2 39.1 – – –

Maids and housemen .............................................. 9.74 5.4 35.7 9.91 5.6 36.4 – – –

Janitors and cleaners ............................................... 10.22 3.9 33.8 10.30 4.1 33.6 8.71 1.9 36.3

See footnotes at end of table.
115

Table 8-4. Middle Atlantic census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3

for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Service –Continued

Personal service .......................................................... $9.61 2.9 29.4 $9.63 3.2 28.8 $9.44 4.6 36.1

Supervisors, personal service .................................. 16.36 5.7 36.0 16.49 6.4 35.6 – – –

Attendants, amusement, and recreation facilities .... 7.21 6.1 28.6 7.31 5.9 28.2 – – –

Ushers ..................................................................... 8.21 5.3 20.5 8.21 5.3 20.5 – – –

Public transportation attendants .............................. 14.49 14.2 28.1 14.68 15.9 27.5 – – –

Baggage porters and bellhops ................................. 6.08 22.0 39.1 6.08 22.0 39.1 – – –

Welfare service aides .............................................. 8.96 4.5 32.2 9.03 6.0 30.3 – – –

Early childhood teachers’ assistants ........................ 8.51 6.8 27.2 8.52 6.9 27.2 – – –

Child care workers, n.e.c. ........................................ 8.46 2.6 28.5 8.40 2.9 27.8 – – –

Service, n.e.c. .......................................................... 9.27 6.7 28.5 9.27 6.7 28.5 – – –

1 The Middle Atlantic census division consists of New York, New Jersey, and

Pennsylvania. It also includes the New York, NY Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area

(which is comprised of parts of New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania),

and Philadelphia, PA Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (which is comprised of

parts of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland). 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They

include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium

pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is

computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,

weighted by hours. 3 Metropolitan areas can be a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) or Consolidated

Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) as defined by the Office of Management and Budget,

1994. Nonmetropolitan areas are counties that do not fit the definitions above. For more

information, see appendix E. 4 In this census division, collection was conducted between November 1996 and June

1998. The average reference period was July 1997. 5 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all

workers in the civilian economy. For more information, see appendix B. 6 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the

estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For

more information about RSEs, see appendix A.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication

criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may

include data for categories not shown separately. 
116

Table 8-5. East North Central census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan

areas3 for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

All ................................................................................................ $15.45 0.9 36.2 $15.90 1.0 36.2 $12.98 1.3 36.4

All excluding sales ............................................................... 15.52 .8 36.5 15.97 .9 36.4 13.11 1.2 36.8

White collar ............................................................................ 18.92 1.1 36.4 19.26 1.2 36.4 16.28 2.6 35.7

White collar excluding sales ............................................ 19.49 1.0 37.0 19.84 1.0 37.0 16.95 2.2 36.7

Professional specialty and technical ............................... 22.99 1.0 35.8 23.14 1.1 35.8 22.03 3.5 35.5

Professional specialty ...................................................... 24.61 1.1 35.7 24.67 1.1 35.7 24.22 3.4 35.6

Engineers, architects, and surveyors ........................... 27.10 1.5 40.3 27.15 1.3 40.4 26.53 10.2 40.0

Architects ................................................................. 23.24 6.3 39.7 23.24 6.3 39.7 – – –

Metallurgical and materials engineers ..................... 29.67 4.5 40.0 29.67 4.5 40.0 – – –

Chemical engineers ................................................. – – – 29.73 5.1 40.0 – – –

Civil engineers ......................................................... 23.86 4.0 39.4 23.78 4.1 39.4 – – –

Electrical and electronic engineers .......................... 27.85 4.3 40.3 27.87 4.3 40.3 – – –

Industrial engineers ................................................. 24.01 2.6 40.5 24.41 2.3 40.6 – – –

Mechanical engineers .............................................. 26.13 4.4 40.6 26.21 4.5 40.6 – – –

Engineers, n.e.c. ...................................................... 28.05 2.0 40.2 28.06 2.0 40.2 – – –

Mathematical and computer scientists ......................... 27.55 3.1 39.7 26.95 2.2 39.7 – – –

Computer systems analysts and scientists .............. 26.96 2.5 39.8 27.09 2.5 39.8 – – –

Operations and systems researchers and analysts 29.15 7.7 39.4 26.16 3.3 39.1 – – –

Actuaries .................................................................. 31.43 11.3 38.3 31.43 11.3 38.3 – – –

Natural scientists ......................................................... 23.33 8.0 38.9 24.78 7.4 38.7 – – –

Chemists, except biochemists ................................. 28.95 6.5 40.3 28.95 6.5 40.3 – – –

Physical scientists, n.e.c. ......................................... 22.94 8.4 39.2 22.75 8.8 39.2 – – –

Agricultural and food scientists ................................ 23.81 9.2 40.0 23.81 9.2 40.0 – – –

Medical scientists ..................................................... 14.95 12.2 37.6 14.95 12.2 37.6 – – –

Health related .............................................................. 21.51 1.4 32.9 21.44 1.4 32.6 21.86 5.7 34.1

Physicians ................................................................ 44.10 10.9 37.5 39.20 9.4 35.8 – – –

Registered nurses .................................................... 19.00 1.4 32.1 19.46 1.3 32.0 16.34 4.5 32.7

Pharmacists ............................................................. 26.92 2.7 31.4 27.50 2.8 30.1 – – –

Dietitians .................................................................. 16.74 2.9 36.7 16.54 3.7 35.8 – – –

Respiratory therapists .............................................. 16.07 1.4 31.7 16.04 1.6 32.4 – – –

Occupational therapists ........................................... 23.76 4.8 32.7 23.63 5.3 32.3 – – –

Physical therapists ................................................... 24.47 5.4 34.8 25.71 5.0 33.7 – – –

Speech therapists .................................................... 24.76 5.2 33.4 24.37 5.5 35.2 – – –

Therapists, n.e.c. ..................................................... 15.44 4.7 36.7 15.46 5.5 37.7 – – –

Physicians’ assistants .............................................. 24.44 15.8 30.5 24.44 15.8 30.5 – – –

Teachers, college and university ................................. 32.76 3.4 33.8 33.12 3.0 35.0 30.17 18.5 27.1

Biological science teachers ..................................... 32.01 8.8 35.7 32.01 8.8 35.7 – – –

Chemistry teachers .................................................. 32.54 7.2 29.4 34.09 5.4 33.5 – – –

Psychology teachers ................................................ 32.50 14.9 39.8 – – – – – –

History teachers ....................................................... 27.00 12.7 43.7 27.00 12.7 43.7 – – –

Social science teachers, n.e.c. ................................ 30.73 9.4 39.3 31.15 10.5 38.8 – – –

Engineering teachers ............................................... 47.31 18.8 39.7 47.31 18.8 39.7 – – –

Mathematical science teachers ............................... 37.50 2.3 34.6 37.50 2.3 34.6 – – –

Computer science teachers ..................................... 38.33 3.8 32.0 38.33 3.8 32.0 – – –

Medical science teachers ........................................ 39.33 24.7 44.4 39.33 24.7 44.4 – – –

Health specialities teachers ..................................... 32.33 8.7 39.6 32.33 8.7 39.6 – – –

Business, commerce, and marketing teachers ........ 35.24 13.7 22.4 36.68 12.4 23.7 – – –

Art, drama, and music teachers ............................... 28.81 9.0 34.5 27.83 8.0 33.8 – – –

Physical education teachers .................................... 25.91 8.1 32.1 25.91 8.1 32.1 – – –

Education teachers .................................................. 35.13 8.1 37.3 36.13 7.4 37.0 – – –

English teachers ...................................................... 32.05 9.4 37.3 32.06 9.7 37.3 – – –

Foreign language teachers ...................................... 28.21 13.5 33.6 34.21 20.1 31.3 – – –

Theology teachers ................................................... 28.61 13.9 39.5 31.42 11.7 39.3 – – –

Trade and industrial teachers .................................. 27.93 16.1 19.0 27.93 16.1 19.0 – – –

Teachers, post secondary, subject not specified ..... 29.44 9.7 24.7 29.90 9.2 25.4 – – –

Teachers, post secondary, n.e.c. ............................. 28.41 6.0 27.4 29.45 6.0 30.1 – – –

Teachers, except college and university ...................... 26.71 1.6 33.6 27.15 1.6 33.0 25.15 3.5 35.6

Prekindergarten and kindergarten ........................... 18.33 9.1 33.1 17.31 10.6 32.5 – – –

Elementary school teachers .................................... 28.29 2.1 35.1 29.23 2.1 34.4 24.61 4.0 37.9

Secondary school teachers ..................................... 28.94 2.8 36.1 30.22 2.8 35.6 24.86 3.9 37.5

Teachers, special education .................................... 26.70 4.2 36.2 27.88 4.4 36.0 24.25 4.7 36.8

Teachers, n.e.c. ....................................................... 27.75 4.8 29.0 27.22 6.6 27.9 29.33 5.3 32.9

Substitute teachers .................................................. 10.02 7.2 18.6 9.39 4.2 20.1 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
117

Table 8-5. East North Central census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan

areas3 for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Professional specialty –Continued

Teachers, except college and university –Continued

Vocational and educational counselors ................... $20.10 8.0 36.9 $19.10 9.1 36.7 – – –

Librarians, archivists, and curators .............................. 19.51 7.0 34.6 18.98 4.8 34.5 $20.89 19.6 35.0

Librarians ................................................................. 20.30 7.1 35.6 19.27 5.2 35.8 23.13 17.4 35.0

Archivists and curators ............................................ 14.84 11.4 29.6 16.93 7.3 27.2 – – –

Social scientists and urban planners ........................... 21.45 7.5 37.7 21.55 7.9 37.6 – – –

Economists .............................................................. 20.27 5.3 39.4 20.27 5.3 39.4 – – –

Psychologists ........................................................... 25.42 8.8 37.0 25.42 8.8 37.0 – – –

Urban planners ........................................................ 19.28 2.4 39.9 19.28 2.4 39.9 – – –

Social, recreation, and religious workers ..................... 14.91 2.6 37.8 14.77 2.8 37.7 16.09 4.7 38.8

Social workers ......................................................... 15.11 2.6 37.9 14.92 2.8 37.8 16.98 6.2 38.8

Recreation workers .................................................. 10.77 11.6 36.0 8.52 10.8 33.6 – – –

Clergy ...................................................................... 15.69 15.0 38.3 15.69 15.0 38.3 – – –

Religious workers, n.e.c. .......................................... 17.71 10.7 37.4 17.71 10.7 37.4 – – –

Lawyers and judges ..................................................... 37.29 13.8 38.0 38.00 14.3 38.5 – – –

Lawyers ................................................................... 37.94 14.0 38.3 38.73 14.4 38.9 – – –

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and

professionals, n.e.c. ................................................... 20.45 4.8 38.4 20.52 4.9 38.4 – – –

Technical writers ...................................................... 19.12 5.0 38.6 19.33 5.1 38.6 – – –

Designers ................................................................. 21.42 7.6 39.7 21.42 7.6 39.7 – – –

Actors and directors ................................................. 17.97 20.0 40.0 17.97 20.0 40.0 – – –

Painters, sculptors, craft artists, and artist

printmakers ............................................................ 13.45 8.3 39.5 13.45 8.3 39.5 – – –

Photographers ......................................................... 16.16 7.4 39.6 16.16 7.4 39.6 – – –

Artists, performers, and related workers, n.e.c. ....... 12.91 8.8 24.3 12.91 8.8 24.3 – – –

Editors and reporters ............................................... 18.18 9.0 40.1 18.18 9.0 40.1 – – –

Public relations specialists ....................................... 22.03 10.3 39.5 22.03 10.3 39.5 – – –

Athletes .................................................................... 25.34 16.0 33.8 26.92 12.9 33.0 – – –

Professional, n.e.c. .................................................. 21.16 7.0 38.8 21.16 7.0 38.8 – – –

Technical ......................................................................... 17.28 2.0 36.1 17.94 2.1 36.3 11.37 2.5 34.9

Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians .... 14.56 2.9 34.5 14.84 3.5 34.4 13.27 2.8 35.0

Health record technologists and technicians ........... 11.77 5.1 34.4 11.70 5.2 34.3 – – –

Radiological technicians .......................................... 16.01 3.4 30.8 16.22 3.5 30.5 – – –

Licensed practical nurses ........................................ 12.43 2.2 34.0 13.12 1.3 33.1 10.73 3.5 36.2

Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c. ............ 12.71 2.7 31.9 12.83 2.5 33.4 10.99 20.4 19.6

Electrical and electronic technicians ........................ 18.74 2.5 39.1 18.74 2.5 39.1 – – –

Industrial engineering technicians ........................... 14.32 8.8 40.0 14.32 8.8 40.0 – – –

Mechanical engineering technicians ........................ 19.58 5.0 40.7 19.46 5.5 40.8 – – –

Engineering technicians, n.e.c. ................................ 20.26 3.4 39.4 20.35 3.4 39.4 – – –

Drafters .................................................................... 17.46 4.4 39.9 17.46 4.4 39.9 – – –

Surveying and mapping technicians ........................ 15.60 9.8 38.7 14.47 10.3 38.7 – – –

Biological technicians .............................................. 17.44 19.5 40.0 – – – – – –

Chemical technicians ............................................... 16.03 4.0 39.1 16.06 4.1 39.6 – – –

Science technicians, n.e.c. ...................................... 17.22 5.6 33.5 – – – – – –

Airplane pilots and navigators .................................. 71.12 29.1 25.3 71.12 29.1 25.3 – – –

Broadcast equipment operators ............................... 11.23 13.0 37.7 11.23 13.0 37.7 – – –

Computer programmers ........................................... 21.07 2.2 39.2 21.19 2.2 39.2 – – –

Legal assistants ....................................................... 19.55 6.1 38.3 19.55 6.1 38.3 – – –

Technical and related, n.e.c. .................................... 17.64 6.5 39.4 18.96 2.4 39.3 – – –

Executive, administrative, and managerial ..................... 26.88 1.1 39.9 27.53 1.2 40.0 19.77 5.7 39.0

Executives, administrators, and managers .................. 30.75 1.5 40.2 31.27 1.6 40.4 24.68 3.5 38.2

Legislators ............................................................... 23.18 33.2 5.5 33.00 27.8 6.7 – – –

Administrators and officials, public administration ... 25.67 3.9 38.7 25.98 4.4 38.6 24.56 9.3 39.1

Financial managers ................................................. 29.98 3.5 40.1 30.16 3.6 40.1 28.24 14.4 39.6

Personnel and labor relations managers ................. 32.62 4.1 41.8 32.98 4.2 42.2 – – –

Purchasing managers .............................................. 30.78 5.7 40.0 30.78 5.7 40.0 – – –

Managers, marketing, advertising, and public

relations ................................................................. 35.94 4.4 41.2 35.94 4.4 41.2 – – –

Administrators, education and related fields ............ 31.08 3.8 39.7 32.05 4.1 39.6 26.46 3.7 40.5

See footnotes at end of table.
118

Table 8-5. East North Central census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan

areas3 for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Executive, administrative, and managerial –Continued

Executives, administrators, and managers

–Continued

Managers, medicine and health ............................... $27.76 3.0 39.7 $29.08 3.4 39.6 $23.72 4.5 40.0

Managers, food servicing and lodging

establishments ....................................................... 15.69 5.7 45.0 16.22 6.2 44.2 – – –

Managers, service organizations, n.e.c. .................. 19.07 7.6 39.5 19.05 7.6 40.4 – – –

Managers and administrators, n.e.c. ....................... 33.35 2.3 40.8 33.55 2.4 40.8 25.81 14.5 43.1

Management related .................................................... 21.53 1.1 39.5 22.29 1.2 39.4 – – –

Accountants and auditors ........................................ 18.09 8.0 39.8 19.90 2.5 39.8 – – –

Underwriters ............................................................ 26.54 20.6 38.6 26.82 20.6 38.5 – – –

Other financial officers ............................................. 22.03 4.0 39.6 22.30 4.1 39.6 17.86 11.3 39.8

Management analysts .............................................. 22.43 4.8 39.0 22.49 4.9 39.0 – – –

Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists .. 21.00 3.3 39.2 21.00 3.3 39.2 – – –

Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm

products ................................................................. 19.84 8.9 40.8 19.84 8.9 40.8 – – –

Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c. ..................... 23.18 3.8 39.8 23.44 3.7 39.8 – – –

Construction inspectors ........................................... 19.05 6.2 39.4 18.79 6.4 39.4 – – –

Inspectors and compliance officers, except

construction ........................................................... 17.17 3.0 39.5 17.01 3.4 39.4 18.25 2.7 40.1

Management related, n.e.c. ..................................... 24.57 2.0 39.2 25.03 1.9 39.2 16.98 4.5 40.0

Sales ................................................................................... 14.15 6.0 31.9 14.67 6.2 32.5 8.42 5.2 26.7

Supervisors, sales ................................................... 17.68 4.8 39.6 18.60 4.9 40.2 10.21 5.5 35.1

Insurance sales ........................................................ 21.15 18.8 32.7 21.15 18.8 32.7 – – –

Real estate sales ..................................................... 26.44 17.6 38.2 26.44 17.6 38.2 – – –

Securities and financial services sales .................... 37.95 11.7 40.4 37.95 11.7 40.4 – – –

Advertising and related sales ................................... 16.79 15.3 37.8 19.63 9.1 37.1 – – –

Sales, other business services ................................ 27.05 30.6 39.3 27.79 31.2 39.2 – – –

Sales engineers ....................................................... 30.76 15.8 41.3 30.85 16.7 40.9 – – –

Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and

wholesale ............................................................... 26.06 7.3 41.0 27.33 6.6 41.0 – – –

Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats ................ 16.63 8.1 43.2 16.63 8.1 43.2 – – –

Sales workers, apparel ............................................ 6.58 5.2 27.2 6.58 5.2 27.2 – – –

Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings ........ 11.43 9.7 33.7 11.43 9.7 33.7 – – –

Sales workers, radio, tv, hi-fi, and appliances ......... 12.11 17.7 36.3 12.11 17.7 36.3 – – –

Sales workers, hardware and building supplies ....... 8.91 10.0 35.4 9.26 11.6 34.4 – – –

Sales workers, parts ................................................ 14.08 6.4 40.0 14.08 6.4 40.0 – – –

Sales workers, other commodities ........................... 9.14 5.6 29.1 9.14 5.6 29.1 – – –

Sales counter clerks ................................................ 8.01 7.2 27.3 7.94 8.2 26.3 – – –

Cashiers ................................................................... 7.04 1.9 25.3 7.23 2.2 26.2 6.01 2.4 21.3

Demonstrators, promoters, and models, sales ........ 9.26 9.1 19.5 9.26 9.1 19.5 – – –

Sales support, n.e.c. ................................................ 11.54 5.5 38.9 11.54 5.5 38.9 – – –

Administrative support, including clerical ...................... 11.48 1.0 36.7 11.68 1.2 36.6 10.10 1.9 37.4

Supervisors, general office ...................................... 15.41 3.3 39.7 15.45 3.4 39.7 – – –

Supervisors, computer equipment operators ........... 20.35 10.9 39.8 20.35 10.9 39.8 – – –

Supervisors, financial records processing ............... 17.82 6.9 39.6 18.33 6.8 39.7 – – –

Chief communications operators ............................. 13.66 9.2 40.0 13.66 9.2 40.0 – – –

Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and adjusting

clerks ..................................................................... 16.51 5.0 40.4 17.13 4.5 40.4 – – –

Computer operators ................................................. 13.78 4.9 39.6 13.86 5.1 39.7 – – –

Secretaries ............................................................... 12.48 1.5 37.7 12.76 1.8 37.7 10.72 3.3 37.9

Stenographers ......................................................... 12.11 4.1 33.6 12.28 3.9 33.7 – – –

Typists ..................................................................... 11.14 3.5 36.5 11.21 3.7 36.3 – – –

Interviewers ............................................................. 9.76 2.6 32.9 10.05 1.4 33.6 – – –

Hotel clerks .............................................................. 7.93 2.7 33.4 7.52 3.2 34.7 – – –

Transportation ticket and reservation agents ........... 12.78 8.4 34.3 12.78 8.4 34.3 – – –

Receptionists ........................................................... 9.09 3.0 34.2 9.28 3.2 32.8 8.46 6.0 39.4

Information clerks, n.e.c. .......................................... 12.05 9.9 36.2 12.07 10.0 36.1 – – –

Correspondence clerks ............................................ 13.61 6.4 39.2 13.61 6.4 39.2 – – –

Order clerks ............................................................. 11.06 2.4 38.0 11.06 2.4 38.0 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
119

Table 8-5. East North Central census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan

areas3 for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Administrative support, including clerical –Continued

Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping ... $12.59 4.1 37.4 $12.59 4.1 37.4 – – –

Library clerks ........................................................... 9.47 4.1 28.5 9.57 3.4 26.1 $9.22 10.3 36.5

File clerks ................................................................. 8.95 3.6 33.4 9.06 3.6 33.2 – – –

Records clerks, n.e.c. .............................................. 11.18 2.9 37.2 11.41 3.2 37.0 9.95 7.3 38.6

Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ......... 11.19 2.3 37.4 11.51 1.9 37.5 10.20 7.2 37.1

Payroll and timekeeping clerks ................................ 13.14 3.9 37.9 13.35 4.4 37.4 – – –

Billing clerks ............................................................. 11.22 4.4 37.9 11.34 4.4 38.2 – – –

Cost and rate clerks ................................................. 11.04 7.3 35.1 11.04 7.3 35.1 – – –

Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators 8.30 8.9 35.5 8.33 9.4 35.4 – – –

Duplicating machine operators ................................ 12.87 10.4 38.8 12.87 10.4 38.8 – – –

Mail preparing and paper handling machine

operators ................................................................ 8.62 3.4 33.4 8.62 3.4 33.4 – – –

Office machine operators, n.e.c. .............................. 9.24 6.1 39.6 9.33 6.4 39.8 – – –

Telephone operators ................................................ 12.08 4.8 34.8 12.22 4.7 35.0 – – –

Mail clerks, except postal service ............................ 8.39 5.4 34.9 8.46 5.6 36.3 – – –

Messengers ............................................................. 9.41 10.1 38.3 9.41 10.1 38.3 – – –

Dispatchers .............................................................. 10.89 5.7 37.8 11.55 4.4 37.3 – – –

Production coordinators ........................................... 15.07 3.1 39.8 15.44 3.6 39.7 – – –

Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ....................... 11.43 6.4 39.4 11.98 2.9 39.2 – – –

Stock and inventory clerks ....................................... 10.63 3.8 34.0 10.60 3.9 33.9 – – –

Meter readers .......................................................... 13.48 6.0 39.0 13.70 6.1 38.9 – – –

Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers ....... 16.09 7.5 39.6 16.19 7.6 39.6 – – –

Expeditors ................................................................ 12.55 3.0 38.7 12.55 3.0 38.7 – – –

Material recording, scheduling, and distribution

clerks, n.e.c. ........................................................... 13.37 8.2 39.0 12.33 6.0 38.9 – – –

Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators .. 14.23 7.0 38.2 14.28 7.1 38.2 – – –

Investigators and adjusters, except insurance ......... 11.21 3.2 37.9 11.21 3.2 38.0 – – –

Eligibility clerks, social welfare ................................. 12.61 4.9 37.1 12.26 4.8 37.5 – – –

Bill and account collectors ....................................... 10.52 3.2 38.2 10.50 3.2 38.2 – – –

General office clerks ................................................ 10.45 1.5 36.3 10.64 1.6 36.3 8.89 3.0 36.6

Bank tellers .............................................................. 7.91 5.0 34.6 7.94 5.3 34.6 – – –

Data entry keyers ..................................................... 9.70 3.7 36.4 9.88 3.7 36.1 – – –

Statistical clerks ....................................................... 10.47 5.5 36.8 10.47 5.5 36.8 – – –

Teachers’ aides ....................................................... 9.18 3.5 30.8 9.39 3.7 29.9 8.56 7.7 34.0

Administrative support, n.e.c. .................................. 11.47 2.5 36.1 11.78 2.3 35.9 9.29 6.7 38.0

Blue collar .............................................................................. 13.35 1.1 38.3 13.70 1.3 38.1 11.93 1.1 38.9

Precision production, craft, and repair ............................ 17.20 1.2 39.9 17.69 1.2 39.9 14.56 2.3 40.0

Supervisors, mechanics and repairers .................... 22.26 4.1 40.5 22.14 4.2 40.5 – – –

Automobile mechanics ............................................. 17.09 9.9 40.4 17.29 10.3 40.2 – – –

Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics .......... 17.06 4.5 40.0 16.95 4.7 40.0 – – –

Aircraft engine mechanics ....................................... 21.26 4.5 40.0 21.26 4.5 40.0 – – –

Automobile body and related repairers .................... 21.41 8.5 40.8 21.41 8.5 40.8 – – –

Aircraft mechanics, except engine ........................... 20.74 2.2 40.0 20.74 2.2 40.0 – – –

Heavy equipment mechanics ................................... 15.95 7.4 40.0 17.92 4.4 40.0 12.85 5.3 40.0

Industrial machinery repairers ................................. 16.62 2.9 40.0 17.30 2.3 40.0 – – –

Machinery maintenance ........................................... 14.18 2.1 39.8 15.17 4.2 40.1 – – –

Electronic repairers, communications and industrial

equipment .............................................................. 14.40 5.7 40.0 14.28 5.8 40.0 – – –

Data processing equipment repairers ...................... 14.74 5.5 38.6 14.74 5.5 38.6 – – –

Telephone installers and repairers .......................... 14.06 6.5 39.8 13.92 6.7 39.8 – – –

Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration

mechanics .............................................................. 15.54 5.5 38.8 16.04 4.9 38.7 – – –

Office machine repairers .......................................... 13.65 8.8 39.7 13.65 8.8 39.7 – – –

Mechanical controls and valve repairers ................. 16.14 6.3 37.0 16.33 6.7 36.7 – – –

Millwrights ................................................................ 18.43 8.2 40.2 20.80 2.4 40.4 – – –

Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c. ............................... 16.42 2.3 39.9 16.49 2.0 39.8 – – –

Supervisors, carpenters and related workers .......... 23.28 5.1 40.0 23.28 5.1 40.0 – – –

Supervisors, electricians and power transmission

installers ................................................................. 26.04 4.7 40.4 26.04 4.7 40.4 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
120

Table 8-5. East North Central census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan

areas3 for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Precision production, craft, and repair –Continued

Supervisors, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters $25.39 5.3 40.1 $23.72 7.2 40.1 – – –

Supervisors, construction trades, n.e.c. ................... 20.72 4.7 39.8 21.18 5.0 39.7 – – –

Carpenters ............................................................... 18.09 6.4 39.9 19.57 3.1 39.8 – – –

Electricians .............................................................. 19.40 2.6 40.2 20.73 2.3 40.2 – – –

Electrician apprentices ............................................. 12.48 4.2 41.0 12.48 4.2 41.0 – – –

Electrical power installers and repairers .................. 22.02 3.9 40.0 22.03 4.1 40.0 – – –

Painters, construction and maintenance .................. 19.16 4.6 40.0 19.97 2.1 40.0 – – –

Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ..................... 21.06 2.5 40.3 21.20 2.3 40.3 – – –

Plumber, pipefitter, and steamfitter apprentices ...... 14.89 12.7 44.5 14.89 12.7 44.5 – – –

Concrete and terrazzo finishers ............................... 21.53 8.5 40.0 21.53 8.5 40.0 – – –

Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment

operators ................................................................ 20.53 9.9 40.5 20.53 9.9 40.5 – – –

Construction trades, n.e.c. ....................................... 19.16 12.8 39.2 20.00 12.7 39.3 $14.73 15.9 39.0

Supervisors, production ........................................... 18.47 5.5 40.6 19.19 2.3 40.8 15.91 23.5 40.1

Tool and die makers ................................................ 19.61 3.5 40.1 19.61 3.5 40.1 – – –

Tool and die maker apprentices .............................. 17.05 7.7 39.7 17.05 7.7 39.7 – – –

Precision assemblers, metal .................................... 16.59 5.5 40.5 16.59 5.5 40.5 – – –

Machinists ................................................................ 15.80 2.4 40.0 15.80 2.4 40.0 – – –

Precision grinders, filers, and tool sharpeners ......... 16.90 5.9 40.2 16.90 5.9 40.2 – – –

Sheet metal workers ................................................ 17.56 10.2 40.0 17.56 10.2 40.0 – – –

Cabinet makers and bench carpenters .................... 12.03 6.6 40.0 12.03 6.6 40.0 – – –

Hand molders and shapers, except jewelers ........... 16.80 8.1 40.1 16.80 8.1 40.1 – – –

Patternmakers, layout workers, and cutters ............ 23.25 7.2 40.0 23.25 7.2 40.0 – – –

Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers ...... 9.82 14.0 39.6 11.80 10.0 39.4 – – –

Miscellaneous precision workers, n.e.c. .................. 15.20 4.2 40.0 15.37 4.7 40.0 – – –

Butchers and meat cutters ....................................... 9.94 15.8 39.9 9.84 16.2 39.9 – – –

Bakers ...................................................................... 8.09 5.6 33.2 8.09 5.6 33.2 – – –

Food batchmakers ................................................... 12.55 11.3 40.0 12.55 11.3 40.0 – – –

Inspectors, testers, and graders .............................. 17.24 3.8 40.2 17.24 3.8 40.2 – – –

Water and sewer treatment plant operators ............ 14.60 2.5 40.0 14.56 2.7 40.0 – – –

Power plant operators .............................................. 21.55 5.2 39.9 22.58 3.3 39.9 – – –

Stationary engineers ................................................ 19.69 5.4 39.5 18.25 4.5 39.6 – – –

Miscellaneous plant and system operators, n.e.c. ... 16.58 6.5 40.0 16.23 8.2 40.0 – – –

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ........... 12.25 1.9 39.8 12.62 2.1 39.8 11.13 2.4 39.6

Lathe and turning machine set-up operators ........... 14.40 3.2 40.0 14.40 3.2 40.0 – – –

Lathe and turning machine operators ...................... 12.48 6.8 40.1 14.14 6.2 40.1 – – –

Milling and planing machine operators .................... 14.73 6.6 40.0 14.73 6.6 40.0 – – –

Punching and stamping press operators ................. 13.42 3.3 39.9 13.61 3.4 39.9 – – –

Rolling machine operators ....................................... 13.58 9.1 41.3 13.58 9.1 41.3 – – –

Drilling and boring machine operators ..................... 10.27 14.7 40.0 12.84 6.2 40.0 – – –

Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine

operators ................................................................ 11.59 4.7 39.8 11.72 2.2 39.6 – – –

Forging machine operators ...................................... 12.09 3.3 40.0 12.09 3.3 40.0 – – –

Numerical control machine operators ...................... 12.14 5.2 40.0 12.85 4.3 40.0 – – –

Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c. ..................... 13.82 3.9 40.2 14.56 2.5 40.2 – – –

Molding and casting machine operators .................. 10.11 3.6 39.9 10.02 3.9 39.9 – – –

Metal plating machine operators .............................. 11.84 8.7 41.7 11.84 8.7 41.7 – – –

Heat treating equipment operators .......................... – – – 12.77 15.2 40.2 – – –

Sawing machine operators ...................................... 11.09 4.2 42.3 11.09 4.2 42.3 – – –

Printing press operators ........................................... 13.64 7.0 39.7 16.77 4.3 39.3 – – –

Photoengravers and lithographers ........................... 15.86 7.5 37.4 15.88 8.9 36.9 – – –

Typesetters and compositors ................................... 11.11 13.0 38.6 – – – – – –

Textile cutting machine operators ............................ 13.43 12.3 40.0 13.43 12.3 40.0 – – –

Textile sewing machine operators ........................... 9.49 18.2 33.6 10.36 17.8 39.3 – – –

Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators ..... 7.05 3.6 37.4 7.05 4.4 38.9 7.04 5.4 33.3

Cementing and gluing machine operators ............... 12.16 7.4 40.0 12.16 7.4 40.0 – – –

Packaging and filling machine operators ................. 12.61 5.7 38.6 12.10 4.6 38.4 – – –

Extruding and forming machine operators ............... 11.17 3.2 40.0 12.48 6.4 39.9 – – –

Mixing and blending machine operators .................. 13.29 3.2 40.0 13.66 4.0 39.9 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
121

Table 8-5. East North Central census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan

areas3 for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors

–Continued

Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine

operators ................................................................ $15.44 3.9 40.4 $15.44 3.9 40.4 – – –

Compressing and compacting machine operators .. 11.07 7.0 40.0 11.07 7.0 40.0 – – –

Painting and paint spraying machine operators ....... 11.87 4.2 40.2 11.61 4.5 40.3 – – –

Roasting and baking machine operators, food ........ 13.41 10.2 38.5 13.41 10.2 38.5 – – –

Washing, cleaning, and pickling machine operators 12.76 13.7 40.0 12.76 13.7 40.0 – – –

Folding machine operators ...................................... 12.42 4.4 40.0 12.42 4.4 40.0 – – –

Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food ....... 13.43 14.1 40.0 16.55 6.9 40.1 – – –

Crushing and grinding machine operators ............... 11.92 10.6 40.1 11.89 10.9 40.1 – – –

Slicing and cutting machine operators ..................... 13.28 4.7 39.9 12.38 4.9 39.9 – – –

Photographic process machine operators ............... 12.47 10.9 39.5 12.72 10.7 39.7 – – –

Miscellaneous machine operators, n.e.c. ................ 11.53 4.2 39.9 12.20 3.9 39.8 $10.34 6.3 40.0

Welders and cutters ................................................. 14.14 2.5 40.0 14.17 3.3 40.0 – – –

Solders and braziers ................................................ 10.09 20.8 39.9 10.09 20.8 39.9 – – –

Assemblers .............................................................. 12.79 4.0 39.7 12.94 4.0 39.7 10.66 11.0 39.2

Hand cutting and trimming ....................................... 6.88 7.0 40.0 6.88 7.0 40.0 – – –

Hand molding, casting, and forming ........................ 12.77 8.8 40.0 – – – – – –

Hand painting, coating, and decorating ................... 9.54 12.3 40.0 9.54 12.3 40.0 – – –

Miscellaneous hand working, n.e.c. ......................... 10.53 7.7 40.0 10.84 9.5 39.9 – – –

Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ..... 11.05 4.6 39.9 11.37 3.0 39.9 – – –

Production testers .................................................... 12.95 8.0 40.0 12.95 8.0 40.0 – – –

Graders and sorters, except agricultural .................. 9.20 6.7 40.0 9.20 6.7 40.0 – – –

Transportation and material moving ............................... 14.06 1.8 36.4 14.41 2.0 36.1 12.25 1.4 37.5

Supervisors, motor vehicle operators ...................... 16.14 9.0 39.9 16.14 9.0 39.9 – – –

Truck drivers ............................................................ 15.48 2.9 40.3 15.71 3.1 39.9 13.10 4.3 44.9

Driver-sales workers ................................................ 13.78 8.1 36.3 13.89 8.1 36.8 – – –

Bus drivers ............................................................... 12.39 4.0 25.3 12.50 4.5 26.1 11.74 5.7 21.4

Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs ................................ 8.05 10.2 32.5 8.05 10.2 32.5 – – –

Parking lot attendants .............................................. 6.79 9.3 22.7 6.79 9.3 22.7 – – –

Motor transportation, n.e.c. ...................................... 8.10 9.6 26.4 8.10 9.6 26.4 – – –

Railroad conductors and yardmasters ..................... 19.64 2.3 40.0 19.64 2.3 40.0 – – –

Locomotive operating .............................................. 17.29 9.7 41.7 17.29 9.7 41.7 – – –

Supervisors, material moving equipment ................. 18.86 8.4 41.2 18.86 8.4 41.2 – – –

Operating engineers ................................................ 19.26 7.0 40.3 19.40 7.1 40.3 – – –

Crane and tower operators ...................................... 14.42 4.4 40.4 14.70 4.5 40.4 – – –

Excavating and loading machine operators ............. 16.86 5.9 40.1 16.91 5.9 40.1 – – –

Grader, dozer, and scrapper operators ................... 17.82 17.0 40.7 – – – – – –

Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ..... 12.46 1.8 39.7 12.87 2.5 39.5 11.61 .7 40.0

Miscellaneous material moving equipment

operators, n.e.c. ..................................................... 14.04 5.7 35.9 14.33 7.8 34.3 – – –

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ... 10.40 2.0 34.7 10.23 2.4 34.4 11.21 2.3 36.4

Supervisors, agriculture-related workers ................. 17.64 12.8 40.0 17.64 12.8 40.0 – – –

Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm ......... 10.48 5.0 35.6 10.37 4.9 36.2 – – –

Animal caretakers, except farm ............................... 13.12 8.7 38.3 13.12 8.7 38.3 – – –

Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and

laborers, n.e.c. ....................................................... 14.34 5.4 39.4 14.27 4.2 39.2 – – –

Helpers, mechanics and repairers ........................... 13.92 5.5 39.4 14.15 9.9 38.8 – – –

Helpers, construction trades .................................... 12.96 16.7 39.5 12.59 18.5 39.5 – – –

Construction laborers ............................................... 15.55 5.2 39.8 15.62 5.2 39.8 – – –

Production helpers ................................................... 10.86 4.6 39.2 9.73 7.9 38.9 – – –

Garbage collectors ................................................... 11.97 17.1 39.3 11.97 17.1 39.3 – – –

Stock handlers and baggers .................................... 8.95 1.7 29.1 8.99 1.8 29.1 8.72 3.7 29.3

Machine feeders and offbearers .............................. 9.44 4.0 39.3 9.45 4.0 39.3 – – –

Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c. ............ 12.45 7.3 34.0 12.67 7.4 34.2 8.74 8.0 31.7

Garage and service station related .......................... 11.56 20.6 35.0 11.47 21.4 35.1 – – –

Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners ............... 10.05 6.1 37.4 9.92 7.0 37.0 – – –

Hand packers and packagers .................................. 8.42 4.0 38.9 8.46 4.2 38.9 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
122

Table 8-5. East North Central census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan

areas3 for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

–Continued

Laborers, except construction, n.e.c. ....................... $9.88 4.0 35.7 $9.39 5.2 34.8 $11.35 3.9 38.8

Service .................................................................................... 9.26 1.3 31.3 9.38 1.4 31.2 8.71 3.8 31.6

Protective service ........................................................ 14.51 2.8 36.7 14.57 3.2 36.6 14.14 3.6 37.4

Supervisors, firefighters and fire prevention ............ 17.29 4.1 50.7 17.72 3.8 50.3 – – –

Supervisors, police and detectives .......................... 23.75 5.8 40.0 25.50 5.5 40.0 – – –

Supervisors, guards ................................................. 14.33 9.5 37.6 13.14 7.3 37.6 – – –

Firefighting ............................................................... 15.49 3.6 44.6 15.54 3.7 44.4 – – –

Police and detectives, public service ....................... 19.31 2.5 39.3 19.73 2.4 39.5 15.56 5.1 37.6

Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers 14.37 3.9 39.6 15.17 4.0 39.6 13.40 5.2 39.6

Correctional institution officers ................................. 13.63 4.1 38.5 13.40 3.0 39.9 14.08 8.8 35.8

Crossing guards ....................................................... 6.88 11.4 13.2 6.90 12.8 13.8 – – –

Guards and police, except public service ................ 8.30 4.5 31.9 8.18 4.5 31.7 11.27 16.8 39.5

Protective service, n.e.c. .......................................... 10.15 12.7 25.9 10.45 12.8 26.5 – – –

Food service ................................................................ 6.64 2.1 27.9 6.66 2.3 27.9 6.48 3.0 27.5

Supervisors, food preparation and service .............. 10.77 2.6 38.2 10.94 2.6 38.8 9.32 6.2 33.8

Bartenders ............................................................... 6.35 7.0 26.0 6.37 8.8 27.3 – – –

Waiters and waitresses ............................................ 3.31 6.0 25.6 3.32 6.3 25.6 3.13 14.1 25.2

Cooks ....................................................................... 8.36 2.3 33.2 8.41 2.6 32.7 8.14 4.3 35.5

Food counter, fountain, and related ......................... 5.55 3.4 22.9 5.57 4.8 23.4 – – –

Kitchen workers, food preparation ........................... 7.00 3.0 29.1 7.05 3.5 28.2 6.67 2.0 36.0

Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ............................... 4.58 5.3 18.7 4.57 5.3 18.8 – – –

Food preparation, n.e.c. ........................................... 6.53 2.4 27.0 6.56 2.5 27.1 5.90 3.4 25.4

Health service .............................................................. 8.38 1.4 33.3 8.43 1.3 33.8 8.25 4.1 32.0

Health aides, except nursing ................................... 9.37 2.6 33.9 9.52 1.8 35.1 9.06 7.0 31.6

Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants .................. 7.98 1.5 33.0 8.03 1.5 33.3 7.86 4.4 32.2

Cleaning and building service ...................................... 9.35 1.7 34.4 9.54 1.6 34.8 8.56 4.3 32.5

Supervisors, cleaning and building service workers 12.72 4.7 40.0 12.83 5.3 40.1 – – –

Maids and housemen .............................................. 6.40 1.6 31.3 6.50 1.6 32.9 6.12 3.6 27.9

Janitors and cleaners ............................................... 9.65 1.7 34.6 9.79 1.7 34.9 9.03 4.1 33.7

Personal service .......................................................... 8.87 3.3 26.9 9.04 4.0 26.2 7.94 5.0 32.3

Supervisors, personal service .................................. 13.46 10.7 37.8 13.46 10.7 37.8 – – –

Hairdressers and cosmetologists ............................. 9.82 10.7 37.0 9.73 11.2 36.9 – – –

Attendants, amusement, and recreation facilities .... 6.25 2.0 22.6 6.31 1.8 22.0 – – –

Guides ..................................................................... 7.56 7.7 29.4 – – – – – –

Ushers ..................................................................... 6.22 5.8 17.0 6.22 5.8 17.0 – – –

Public transportation attendants .............................. 31.17 6.4 19.3 31.17 6.4 19.3 – – –

Baggage porters and bellhops ................................. 9.09 19.0 36.6 9.09 19.0 36.6 – – –

Welfare service aides .............................................. 7.10 3.9 29.5 7.25 4.3 29.7 6.19 5.1 28.1

Early childhood teachers’ assistants ........................ 7.30 5.8 27.3 7.18 6.5 26.6 7.89 2.0 32.0

Child care workers, n.e.c. ........................................ 8.59 3.8 24.7 8.70 3.1 24.1 8.06 15.3 28.1

Service, n.e.c. .......................................................... 8.24 3.9 27.1 8.13 3.7 25.0 8.63 11.2 36.8

1 The East North Central census division consists of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan,

and Wisconsin. It also includes the Cincinnati, OH Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical

Area, which is comprised of parts of Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana. 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They

include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium

pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is

computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,

weighted by hours. 3 Metropolitan areas can be a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) or Consolidated

Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) as defined by the Office of Management and Budget,

1994. Nonmetropolitan areas are counties that do not fit the definitions above. For more

information, see appendix E.

4 In this census division, collection was conducted between October 1996 and May

1998. The average reference period was August 1997. 5 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all

workers in the civilian economy. For more information, see appendix B. 6 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the

estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For

more information about RSEs, see appendix A.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication

criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may

include data for categories not shown separately. 
123

Table 8-6. West North Central census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan

areas3 for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

All ................................................................................................ $14.44 1.8 36.3 $15.40 2.2 36.3 $11.82 3.7 36.2

All excluding sales ............................................................... 14.51 1.8 36.6 15.50 2.1 36.8 11.90 3.8 36.4

White collar ............................................................................ 17.28 1.7 36.9 18.05 2.2 37.1 14.30 3.8 36.2

White collar excluding sales ............................................ 17.78 1.6 37.7 18.56 2.0 38.0 14.79 3.7 36.6

Professional specialty and technical ............................... 20.66 1.1 36.7 21.19 1.4 36.8 18.71 1.5 36.7

Professional specialty ...................................................... 22.57 1.0 36.8 22.93 1.1 36.9 21.10 2.3 36.4

Engineers, architects, and surveyors ........................... 26.75 5.6 41.1 26.31 2.4 41.4 28.23 19.7 40.0

Architects ................................................................. 25.40 7.7 40.2 25.40 7.7 40.2 – – –

Civil engineers ......................................................... 28.45 6.2 40.2 28.54 6.5 40.2 – – –

Electrical and electronic engineers .......................... 24.90 4.0 42.1 24.86 4.3 42.3 – – –

Industrial engineers ................................................. 28.70 15.9 40.3 23.65 2.2 40.7 – – –

Mechanical engineers .............................................. 23.09 8.4 41.5 25.31 4.2 42.1 – – –

Engineers, n.e.c. ...................................................... 25.06 3.6 42.1 25.49 3.3 42.2 – – –

Mathematical and computer scientists ......................... 23.48 2.6 40.2 23.49 2.6 40.2 – – –

Computer systems analysts and scientists .............. 23.92 2.6 40.3 23.93 2.6 40.3 – – –

Operations and systems researchers and analysts 20.14 5.2 39.8 20.14 5.2 39.8 – – –

Natural scientists ......................................................... 18.92 3.5 40.2 18.89 3.5 40.2 – – –

Chemists, except biochemists ................................. 21.58 11.6 41.7 21.58 11.6 41.7 – – –

Physical scientists, n.e.c. ......................................... 25.38 6.1 40.3 25.41 6.7 40.3 – – –

Health related .............................................................. 20.37 2.7 34.0 21.17 2.7 34.0 17.85 6.5 33.9

Physicians ................................................................ 37.97 11.1 40.1 34.90 12.8 40.1 – – –

Registered nurses .................................................... 17.78 1.3 33.0 18.88 .9 32.7 14.88 2.8 33.9

Pharmacists ............................................................. 23.54 3.6 31.7 24.14 3.5 37.6 – – –

Dietitians .................................................................. 14.76 4.8 30.7 14.76 4.8 30.7 – – –

Respiratory therapists .............................................. 15.82 7.4 38.8 15.82 7.4 38.8 – – –

Occupational therapists ........................................... 20.46 8.0 32.3 20.98 8.9 30.8 – – –

Physical therapists ................................................... 21.02 8.3 35.5 23.53 9.6 31.7 – – –

Speech therapists .................................................... 24.62 2.7 33.9 24.60 3.9 33.0 – – –

Therapists, n.e.c. ..................................................... 13.14 2.5 39.5 13.14 2.5 39.5 – – –

Physicians’ assistants .............................................. 23.69 8.6 39.7 23.24 14.0 40.0 – – –

Teachers, college and university ................................. 32.99 4.1 35.5 34.91 4.3 35.3 27.06 4.0 36.2

Social science teachers, n.e.c. ................................ 32.01 7.9 39.6 – – – – – –

Mathematical science teachers ............................... 22.47 13.8 39.4 23.01 14.3 39.4 – – –

Medical science teachers ........................................ 29.67 15.7 39.7 29.67 15.7 39.7 – – –

Health specialities teachers ..................................... 22.75 5.7 36.4 22.15 6.6 36.4 – – –

Business, commerce, and marketing teachers ........ 29.01 8.4 30.9 27.06 18.7 25.7 – – –

Art, drama, and music teachers ............................... 28.45 6.6 35.4 28.07 9.9 33.6 – – –

Education teachers .................................................. 21.01 3.7 25.5 – – – – – –

English teachers ...................................................... 26.61 8.0 26.1 24.35 .9 25.2 – – –

Trade and industrial teachers .................................. 25.61 .9 36.8 29.42 7.0 33.0 – – –

Teachers, post secondary, subject not specified ..... 23.07 12.6 30.7 18.19 8.4 29.4 – – –

Teachers, post secondary, n.e.c. ............................. 33.70 6.3 38.6 33.74 6.8 39.0 33.28 5.9 34.0

Teachers, except college and university ...................... 23.44 2.3 34.9 23.98 3.4 34.2 22.18 2.2 36.6

Prekindergarten and kindergarten ........................... 20.04 10.9 35.2 20.06 11.3 35.4 – – –

Elementary school teachers .................................... 24.59 2.4 36.9 25.78 3.5 36.4 22.21 2.5 37.9

Secondary school teachers ..................................... 24.72 2.8 36.0 25.98 3.7 35.1 22.73 2.8 37.7

Teachers, special education .................................... 24.55 3.2 37.0 24.74 4.0 37.0 – – –

Teachers, n.e.c. ....................................................... 22.26 5.4 32.5 22.21 6.2 32.5 22.48 10.5 32.2

Substitute teachers .................................................. 8.94 4.0 8.5 8.86 4.3 9.2 – – –

Vocational and educational counselors ................... 16.08 5.7 37.3 15.61 5.5 36.5 – – –

Librarians, archivists, and curators .............................. 20.26 5.8 37.4 20.18 6.7 37.2 – – –

Librarians ................................................................. 22.30 4.6 37.0 22.76 4.6 36.5 – – –

Social scientists and urban planners ........................... 15.78 5.0 39.9 15.34 5.1 39.9 – – –

Economists .............................................................. 20.68 13.7 40.6 20.68 13.7 40.6 – – –

Psychologists ........................................................... 20.28 6.8 39.4 20.15 7.4 39.2 – – –

Social, recreation, and religious workers ..................... 14.02 2.6 37.5 13.90 3.2 37.5 14.50 2.2 37.7

Social workers ......................................................... 14.00 2.7 37.6 13.84 3.3 37.6 14.58 1.9 37.6

Recreation workers .................................................. 11.74 11.4 37.3 – – – – – –

Lawyers and judges ..................................................... 26.49 4.7 42.6 27.27 5.1 43.3 – – –

Lawyers ................................................................... 25.93 5.2 42.7 27.27 5.1 43.3 – – –

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and

professionals, n.e.c. ................................................... 17.83 4.0 38.2 18.97 3.7 37.9 11.58 5.7 40.0

Technical writers ...................................................... 18.17 6.2 39.5 18.17 6.2 39.5 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
124

Table 8-6. West North Central census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan

areas3 for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Professional specialty –Continued

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and

professionals, n.e.c. –Continued

Designers ................................................................. $16.98 6.3 39.7 $16.98 6.3 39.7 – – –

Actors and directors ................................................. 22.43 36.4 38.6 22.43 36.4 38.6 – – –

Painters, sculptors, craft artists, and artist

printmakers ............................................................ 14.59 8.6 39.5 15.87 8.3 39.3 – – –

Editors and reporters ............................................... 17.44 8.2 38.3 17.44 8.2 38.3 – – –

Public relations specialists ....................................... 12.26 8.1 39.4 13.96 6.0 38.9 – – –

Athletes .................................................................... 18.78 28.1 27.7 24.72 33.9 21.6 – – –

Professional, n.e.c. .................................................. 24.36 7.7 40.0 24.44 7.7 40.0 – – –

Technical ......................................................................... 14.67 2.5 36.5 15.20 3.3 36.2 $13.23 2.5 37.3

Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians .... 13.24 2.4 37.6 13.36 2.2 37.4 – – –

Health record technologists and technicians ........... 9.60 1.5 34.3 – – – – – –

Radiological technicians .......................................... 15.66 1.9 32.9 15.85 2.0 29.5 – – –

Licensed practical nurses ........................................ 11.13 1.7 34.2 11.62 3.1 33.4 10.41 1.7 35.3

Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c. ............ 11.47 2.2 35.0 12.04 2.4 35.7 – – –

Electrical and electronic technicians ........................ 17.63 7.1 40.2 15.89 4.7 40.3 – – –

Mechanical engineering technicians ........................ 16.51 9.0 39.9 16.51 9.0 39.9 – – –

Engineering technicians, n.e.c. ................................ 15.68 3.5 39.8 16.98 4.7 39.7 12.88 7.3 40.0

Drafters .................................................................... 15.27 4.8 38.6 15.67 5.0 38.4 – – –

Chemical technicians ............................................... 14.89 6.8 38.5 14.99 7.2 40.0 – – –

Science technicians, n.e.c. ...................................... 13.00 4.6 39.3 13.00 4.6 39.3 – – –

Airplane pilots and navigators .................................. 47.89 11.4 20.2 47.89 11.4 20.2 – – –

Computer programmers ........................................... 19.06 3.4 39.7 19.06 3.4 39.7 – – –

Legal assistants ....................................................... 17.27 4.5 38.3 17.27 4.5 38.3 – – –

Technical and related, n.e.c. .................................... 16.01 8.2 36.4 17.05 6.9 35.7 – – –

Executive, administrative, and managerial ..................... 24.97 1.8 41.0 25.45 2.2 41.1 22.07 6.2 39.9

Executives, administrators, and managers .................. 28.34 2.3 41.3 29.28 2.8 41.6 23.68 7.0 40.0

Legislators ............................................................... 9.11 13.7 16.6 – – – – – –

Administrators and officials, public administration ... 22.44 3.4 40.8 23.77 2.6 40.8 18.93 9.5 40.9

Financial managers ................................................. 30.59 5.9 41.0 32.05 6.6 41.1 – – –

Personnel and labor relations managers ................. 23.86 11.1 42.8 26.94 5.5 43.8 – – –

Purchasing managers .............................................. 26.41 12.2 42.8 31.90 6.7 44.1 – – –

Managers, marketing, advertising, and public

relations ................................................................. 31.51 3.9 41.2 32.21 4.1 41.4 – – –

Administrators, education and related fields ............ 26.01 3.7 40.0 26.25 3.7 39.9 24.85 11.1 40.2

Managers, medicine and health ............................... 29.53 14.5 40.8 33.56 16.0 41.1 19.16 5.2 40.0

Managers, food servicing and lodging

establishments ....................................................... 14.63 11.1 42.2 15.35 11.3 41.5 – – –

Managers, properties and real estate ...................... 18.80 9.0 39.7 18.80 9.0 39.7 – – –

Managers, service organizations, n.e.c. .................. 21.27 4.6 41.6 21.36 5.5 42.2 – – –

Managers and administrators, n.e.c. ....................... 29.61 3.8 42.5 29.35 3.7 42.8 31.09 11.4 41.0

Management related .................................................... 19.19 1.7 40.3 19.40 1.8 40.3 17.15 8.7 39.9

Accountants and auditors ........................................ 18.33 4.9 39.6 18.62 5.1 39.6 – – –

Underwriters ............................................................ 17.63 8.9 39.9 18.88 7.2 39.8 – – –

Other financial officers ............................................. 21.58 6.0 41.4 21.57 6.1 41.5 – – –

Management analysts .............................................. 20.92 7.0 40.5 21.49 6.7 40.6 – – –

Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists .. 18.91 2.8 39.6 18.96 3.4 39.5 – – –

Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm

products ................................................................. 20.37 9.7 41.7 18.33 10.0 42.7 – – –

Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c. ..................... 20.35 8.4 41.1 21.12 7.5 41.2 – – –

Construction inspectors ........................................... 18.48 11.1 40.0 18.48 11.1 40.0 – – –

Inspectors and compliance officers, except

construction ........................................................... 17.12 5.5 40.4 16.99 5.7 40.4 – – –

Management related, n.e.c. ..................................... 18.27 4.2 40.0 18.63 4.1 40.0 – – –

Sales ................................................................................... 13.15 8.0 31.5 13.93 9.2 31.2 9.73 8.0 32.9

Supervisors, sales ................................................... 16.83 5.2 39.8 16.57 5.4 39.4 – – –

Insurance sales ........................................................ 16.42 19.4 30.5 15.69 22.4 29.4 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
125

Table 8-6. West North Central census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan

areas3 for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Sales –Continued

Advertising and related sales ................................... $24.04 6.1 38.8 $24.04 6.1 38.8 – – –

Sales, other business services ................................ 17.68 25.2 31.0 17.68 25.2 31.0 – – –

Sales engineers ....................................................... 21.98 8.1 40.3 21.98 8.1 40.3 – – –

Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and

wholesale ............................................................... 22.51 7.9 41.3 23.11 7.9 41.4 – – –

Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats ................ 15.15 6.4 44.3 15.58 8.4 43.7 – – –

Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings ........ 11.38 32.9 26.5 – – – – – –

Sales workers, hardware and building supplies ....... 15.04 26.2 35.1 15.04 26.2 35.1 – – –

Sales workers, parts ................................................ 11.71 7.1 41.2 11.59 9.6 39.9 – – –

Sales workers, other commodities ........................... 8.22 3.1 30.0 8.26 1.7 28.4 – – –

Sales counter clerks ................................................ 7.22 3.2 27.1 7.25 3.6 26.8 – – –

Cashiers ................................................................... 6.77 2.0 26.2 6.88 1.7 25.3 $6.56 5.1 28.1

Demonstrators, promoters, and models, sales ........ 9.25 16.9 22.4 9.29 17.0 23.5 – – –

Sales support, n.e.c. ................................................ 10.79 5.2 37.3 10.44 7.4 36.2 – – –

Administrative support, including clerical ...................... 10.49 2.3 37.3 11.17 2.9 37.8 8.31 4.0 35.7

Supervisors, general office ...................................... 14.56 3.9 40.7 14.89 2.7 40.8 – – –

Supervisors, financial records processing ............... 14.81 5.4 40.6 14.90 5.4 40.6 – – –

Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and adjusting

clerks ..................................................................... 14.35 4.3 40.0 14.28 4.4 40.0 – – –

Computer operators ................................................. 12.18 8.4 40.2 12.30 9.7 40.2 – – –

Peripheral equipment operators .............................. 9.15 4.0 39.7 9.21 4.5 39.7 – – –

Secretaries ............................................................... 12.04 1.8 38.7 12.49 2.3 38.8 9.90 1.9 38.6

Stenographers ......................................................... 11.06 5.3 37.1 11.76 3.6 38.8 – – –

Typists ..................................................................... 10.20 3.9 39.6 10.26 4.5 39.5 9.99 8.7 40.0

Interviewers ............................................................. 8.31 5.1 32.8 9.16 3.7 31.0 7.34 1.8 35.2

Hotel clerks .............................................................. 6.78 1.9 37.6 6.78 1.9 37.6 – – –

Transportation ticket and reservation agents ........... – – – 8.33 5.4 39.4 – – –

Receptionists ........................................................... 7.96 3.6 32.9 8.55 3.1 32.4 7.03 4.5 33.8

Information clerks, n.e.c. .......................................... 9.83 8.6 35.0 10.28 2.8 33.0 9.14 23.2 38.6

Classified ad clerks .................................................. 7.53 6.9 34.7 7.53 6.9 34.7 – – –

Order clerks ............................................................. 11.49 9.5 38.4 12.57 7.2 38.1 – – –

Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping ... 10.18 3.3 37.8 10.71 3.8 38.9 – – –

Library clerks ........................................................... 9.04 4.0 26.4 9.05 2.9 27.7 – – –

File clerks ................................................................. 8.00 2.6 38.1 8.01 2.6 38.1 – – –

Records clerks, n.e.c. .............................................. 8.81 3.7 38.1 10.53 4.5 37.2 – – –

Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ......... 10.27 2.4 37.4 10.40 2.7 38.1 9.69 5.5 34.6

Payroll and timekeeping clerks ................................ 11.94 8.8 39.8 10.91 8.1 39.7 – – –

Billing clerks ............................................................. 10.55 5.8 37.3 11.32 2.5 36.8 – – –

Cost and rate clerks ................................................. 12.29 8.9 38.8 13.18 6.4 38.6 – – –

Mail preparing and paper handling machine

operators ................................................................ 7.56 3.6 28.2 7.56 3.6 28.2 – – –

Office machine operators, n.e.c. .............................. 6.42 7.7 34.8 6.42 7.7 34.8 – – –

Telephone operators ................................................ 11.87 9.0 34.6 11.87 9.0 34.6 – – –

Mail clerks, except postal service ............................ 7.08 12.2 37.3 8.55 7.7 39.0 – – –

Messengers ............................................................. 7.62 4.7 30.7 7.86 4.7 30.1 – – –

Dispatchers .............................................................. 11.86 7.2 39.3 12.95 7.2 39.0 – – –

Production coordinators ........................................... 14.31 4.0 38.5 14.30 5.5 39.6 – – –

Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ....................... 9.60 4.6 38.9 9.60 5.0 38.8 – – –

Stock and inventory clerks ....................................... 9.37 4.4 38.0 10.27 6.4 36.9 7.87 5.4 40.0

Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers ....... 13.75 18.3 24.8 14.56 17.5 40.0 – – –

Expeditors ................................................................ 14.38 8.5 36.7 14.38 8.5 36.7 – – –

Material recording, scheduling, and distribution

clerks, n.e.c. ........................................................... 10.67 10.4 36.1 10.67 10.4 36.1 – – –

Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators .. 13.32 5.5 38.0 13.28 5.7 38.0 – – –

Investigators and adjusters, except insurance ......... 10.18 4.0 39.0 10.38 3.9 38.9 – – –

Eligibility clerks, social welfare ................................. 12.10 4.6 39.2 12.10 3.6 38.7 12.10 10.6 40.0

Bill and account collectors ....................................... 9.52 9.0 40.0 9.30 8.9 40.0 – – –

General office clerks ................................................ 10.34 2.5 36.6 10.94 2.5 37.9 8.31 2.2 32.8

Bank tellers .............................................................. 8.02 4.4 35.9 8.26 4.8 38.5 6.69 5.8 26.1

Proofreaders ............................................................ 9.68 5.8 29.7 9.68 5.8 29.7 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
126

Table 8-6. West North Central census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan

areas3 for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Administrative support, including clerical –Continued

Data entry keyers ..................................................... $9.06 2.6 38.2 $9.09 2.6 38.3 – – –

Statistical clerks ....................................................... 9.39 6.9 37.1 9.39 6.9 37.1 – – –

Teachers’ aides ....................................................... 8.24 3.5 29.0 9.19 3.4 33.0 $6.95 4.5 24.9

Administrative support, n.e.c. .................................. 9.90 2.2 37.2 11.22 2.6 37.9 6.94 7.3 35.7

Blue collar .............................................................................. 12.43 2.1 38.3 13.30 1.0 38.4 10.87 3.3 38.2

Precision production, craft, and repair ............................ 14.52 5.2 39.9 15.82 1.4 39.6 12.04 9.7 40.5

Supervisors, mechanics and repairers .................... 18.89 8.3 43.1 21.09 5.0 40.9 – – –

Automobile mechanics ............................................. 14.24 12.5 40.1 16.99 7.2 40.2 – – –

Automobile mechanic apprentices ........................... 12.26 16.5 39.3 12.26 16.5 39.3 – – –

Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics .......... 13.66 3.2 40.7 14.03 2.5 40.0 – – –

Automobile body and related repairers .................... 13.29 3.9 41.0 – – – – – –

Heavy equipment mechanics ................................... 16.64 2.7 40.3 16.64 2.7 40.3 – – –

Industrial machinery repairers ................................. 13.52 6.0 39.7 15.58 2.8 40.1 12.35 9.5 39.4

Machinery maintenance ........................................... – – – 16.36 9.5 40.0 – – –

Electronic repairers, communications and industrial

equipment .............................................................. 15.65 6.3 40.0 16.62 5.4 40.0 – – –

Data processing equipment repairers ...................... 12.53 9.3 35.3 12.53 9.3 35.3 – – –

Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration

mechanics .............................................................. 13.63 7.1 39.8 13.63 7.1 39.8 – – –

Millwrights ................................................................ 16.99 11.0 40.0 16.99 11.0 40.0 – – –

Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c. ............................... 14.99 1.8 39.8 15.01 3.1 39.7 14.98 2.0 40.0

Supervisors, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 25.19 3.1 40.0 25.19 3.1 40.0 – – –

Supervisors, construction trades, n.e.c. ................... 17.79 3.0 41.0 18.08 2.7 41.2 – – –

Carpenters ............................................................... 18.72 5.6 39.8 19.22 5.4 39.7 – – –

Electricians .............................................................. 17.55 3.8 40.0 18.08 3.9 40.0 – – –

Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ..................... 19.08 13.0 40.0 22.53 3.0 39.9 – – –

Structural metal workers .......................................... 15.27 13.0 40.0 – – – – – –

Construction trades, n.e.c. ....................................... 13.43 2.3 39.6 13.69 2.7 39.5 – – –

Supervisors, production ........................................... 16.15 6.7 41.1 17.65 3.7 40.7 13.74 12.4 41.8

Tool and die makers ................................................ 19.53 3.4 36.7 19.53 3.4 36.7 – – –

Precision assemblers, metal .................................... 15.82 13.2 40.0 15.82 13.2 40.0 – – –

Machinists ................................................................ 17.04 5.3 41.0 17.04 5.3 41.0 – – –

Sheet metal workers ................................................ 18.82 5.2 39.9 18.82 5.2 39.9 – – –

Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers ...... 8.02 11.3 36.4 8.02 11.3 36.4 – – –

Miscellaneous precision workers, n.e.c. .................. 13.09 7.4 40.0 14.46 6.3 40.0 – – –

Butchers and meat cutters ....................................... – – – 11.30 10.4 40.0 – – –

Bakers ...................................................................... 7.72 4.0 34.2 7.72 4.0 34.2 – – –

Inspectors, testers, and graders .............................. 14.71 4.7 40.5 14.11 3.3 40.3 – – –

Water and sewer treatment plant operators ............ 17.10 1.1 40.0 17.10 1.1 40.0 – – –

Stationary engineers ................................................ 16.37 4.3 40.1 16.37 4.3 40.1 – – –

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ........... 11.90 2.4 39.4 12.10 4.1 39.6 11.62 1.9 39.2

Punching and stamping press operators ................. 11.15 4.3 39.2 11.33 4.6 39.1 – – –

Drilling and boring machine operators ..................... 10.92 8.3 40.0 10.92 8.3 40.0 – – –

Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine

operators ................................................................ 10.39 9.6 40.0 13.43 12.4 40.0 – – –

Numerical control machine operators ...................... 13.43 8.5 40.0 13.43 8.5 40.0 – – –

Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c. ..................... 10.73 3.5 40.0 13.35 3.4 40.0 9.65 2.4 40.0

Molding and casting machine operators .................. 11.08 5.3 39.6 10.80 7.2 39.5 – – –

Metal plating machine operators .............................. 13.87 5.1 40.0 13.87 5.1 40.0 – – –

Sawing machine operators ...................................... 12.03 11.0 40.0 – – – – – –

Printing press operators ........................................... 16.12 4.6 39.1 16.12 4.6 39.1 – – –

Photoengravers and lithographers ........................... 14.79 8.3 39.0 14.79 8.3 39.0 – – –

Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators ..... 6.83 4.2 36.5 6.79 7.6 34.1 – – –

Cementing and gluing machine operators ............... 11.46 7.7 40.0 11.46 7.7 40.0 – – –

Packaging and filling machine operators ................. 12.26 4.4 39.6 12.79 4.7 39.5 – – –

Extruding and forming machine operators ............... 8.37 8.0 38.1 9.37 10.4 38.2 – – –

Mixing and blending machine operators .................. 12.34 6.7 40.0 13.55 4.7 40.0 – – –

Painting and paint spraying machine operators ....... 13.88 5.0 40.0 13.84 6.3 40.0 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
127

Table 8-6. West North Central census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan

areas3 for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors

–Continued

Folding machine operators ...................................... $10.86 5.4 40.0 $10.86 5.4 40.0 – – –

Slicing and cutting machine operators ..................... 11.14 8.0 38.3 12.95 6.8 39.9 – – –

Photographic process machine operators ............... 8.84 15.9 38.9 8.84 15.9 38.9 – – –

Miscellaneous machine operators, n.e.c. ................ 12.83 3.5 39.5 11.32 2.7 39.5 $13.59 5.2 39.6

Welders and cutters ................................................. 12.67 6.6 40.0 13.49 2.7 40.0 – – –

Solders and braziers ................................................ – – – 9.77 6.5 40.0 – – –

Assemblers .............................................................. 11.93 4.7 39.0 12.51 5.3 39.8 – – –

Miscellaneous hand working, n.e.c. ......................... 10.31 4.9 40.0 9.89 4.7 40.0 – – –

Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ..... 11.68 4.7 38.6 11.40 7.4 37.8 – – –

Production testers .................................................... 13.60 7.0 40.0 14.53 10.2 40.0 – – –

Transportation and material moving ............................... 13.97 4.2 40.4 14.90 3.6 41.5 10.52 5.1 36.8

Supervisors, motor vehicle operators ...................... 16.05 24.8 41.3 21.31 11.9 42.2 – – –

Truck drivers ............................................................ 14.87 3.2 47.3 14.90 3.3 47.6 14.14 5.0 40.0

Driver-sales workers ................................................ 10.75 15.2 35.9 10.07 20.4 32.5 – – –

Bus drivers ............................................................... 11.74 4.9 26.8 11.82 5.2 29.1 11.34 14.4 18.9

Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs ................................ 8.40 5.7 31.6 8.42 5.6 34.4 – – –

Motor transportation, n.e.c. ...................................... 6.44 4.9 34.5 6.78 5.2 32.5 – – –

Supervisors, material moving equipment ................. 18.04 4.1 40.7 18.04 4.1 40.7 – – –

Operating engineers ................................................ 15.24 4.6 40.0 15.52 7.1 40.0 – – –

Excavating and loading machine operators ............. 18.33 9.2 40.0 19.68 3.9 40.0 – – –

Grader, dozer, and scrapper operators ................... 11.07 7.7 40.0 – – – 10.81 8.5 40.0

Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ..... 12.19 1.7 39.4 12.32 1.9 39.6 11.94 3.9 39.0

Miscellaneous material moving equipment

operators, n.e.c. ..................................................... 12.71 11.8 39.8 16.27 4.0 39.7 – – –

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ... 9.44 2.3 34.0 10.17 1.7 33.5 8.21 2.4 34.9

Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm ......... 10.31 4.7 34.3 10.30 5.2 35.6 – – –

Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and

laborers, n.e.c. ....................................................... 12.69 5.8 40.6 13.52 4.6 41.6 – – –

Helpers, mechanics and repairers ........................... 7.49 11.8 39.5 – – – – – –

Construction laborers ............................................... 9.57 15.4 39.8 13.94 7.2 39.2 – – –

Production helpers ................................................... 10.15 3.2 39.5 10.15 3.2 39.5 – – –

Stock handlers and baggers .................................... 8.09 5.4 27.5 8.82 2.9 29.3 6.32 13.3 23.9

Machine feeders and offbearers .............................. 10.08 9.0 36.6 11.20 5.2 35.7 – – –

Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c. ............ 11.02 6.1 30.9 11.47 5.5 30.5 – – –

Garage and service station related .......................... 8.36 14.1 32.7 8.36 14.1 32.7 – – –

Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners ............... 8.02 11.0 39.0 9.03 13.6 38.2 – – –

Hand packers and packagers .................................. 8.57 6.9 36.8 9.24 5.9 35.7 – – –

Laborers, except construction, n.e.c. ....................... 9.24 4.1 34.9 9.80 2.2 33.7 8.57 7.2 36.5

Service .................................................................................... 8.67 1.4 31.2 8.83 2.0 30.9 8.31 3.0 32.1

Protective service ........................................................ 13.73 2.3 39.0 14.62 2.0 39.3 11.73 8.7 38.5

Supervisors, firefighters and fire prevention ............ 15.52 8.3 50.0 16.46 9.0 49.2 – – –

Supervisors, police and detectives .......................... 21.94 2.9 40.0 22.54 3.7 40.0 – – –

Supervisors, guards ................................................. 16.41 12.6 38.7 19.03 5.5 38.1 – – –

Firefighting ............................................................... 12.32 2.6 47.1 12.43 2.8 46.4 – – –

Police and detectives, public service ....................... 16.76 3.1 40.0 16.86 3.5 40.0 16.19 4.7 40.0

Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers 14.89 3.4 37.7 16.05 5.6 34.9 14.06 3.7 40.0

Correctional institution officers ................................. 12.91 4.6 39.2 13.01 4.4 39.0 – – –

Guards and police, except public service ................ 8.35 10.2 35.2 10.17 5.6 35.2 – – –

Protective service, n.e.c. .......................................... 7.18 12.1 27.7 7.31 13.0 27.8 – – –

Food service ................................................................ 6.77 2.2 27.5 6.56 1.4 27.3 7.51 3.9 28.1

Supervisors, food preparation and service .............. 9.95 2.5 37.0 9.77 3.7 35.2 – – –

Bartenders ............................................................... 6.20 5.0 29.3 6.14 6.3 27.3 – – –

Waiters and waitresses ............................................ 3.97 9.0 25.2 3.51 5.7 23.6 – – –

Cooks ....................................................................... 8.22 2.0 33.7 8.27 2.4 32.7 8.03 3.9 38.0

Food counter, fountain, and related ......................... 5.89 3.8 23.0 5.91 3.9 23.1 – – –

Kitchen workers, food preparation ........................... 7.10 2.9 27.5 7.24 2.8 28.0 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
128

Table 8-6. West North Central census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan

areas3 for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Service –Continued

Food service –Continued

Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ............................... $5.42 6.1 26.3 $5.36 6.4 26.4 – – –

Food preparation, n.e.c. ........................................... 6.50 2.7 23.5 6.50 3.2 26.2 $6.50 5.0 18.7

Health service .............................................................. 8.01 1.6 30.9 8.49 1.7 31.2 7.37 4.2 30.5

Health aides, except nursing ................................... 8.89 4.7 30.2 9.24 4.3 31.8 – – –

Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants .................. 7.87 1.8 31.1 8.28 1.3 31.2 7.39 4.4 31.0

Cleaning and building service ...................................... 9.07 2.4 34.3 9.24 3.0 33.6 8.48 3.6 37.4

Supervisors, cleaning and building service workers 13.56 7.3 38.7 14.52 7.5 38.3 – – –

Maids and housemen .............................................. 6.59 2.0 34.3 6.82 1.2 33.8 – – –

Janitors and cleaners ............................................... 8.80 2.6 33.7 8.83 3.0 32.9 8.68 4.6 37.3

Personal service .......................................................... 8.03 1.9 30.3 8.06 3.2 28.8 8.00 1.4 32.4

Supervisors, personal service .................................. 12.25 14.0 34.7 – – – – – –

Attendants, amusement, and recreation facilities .... 7.36 4.4 37.3 7.24 5.7 34.6 – – –

Ushers ..................................................................... 5.68 5.3 10.7 5.68 5.3 10.7 – – –

Welfare service aides .............................................. 7.75 7.8 24.7 7.10 9.0 23.1 – – –

Early childhood teachers’ assistants ........................ 7.30 5.3 26.7 7.72 5.4 29.0 – – –

Child care workers, n.e.c. ........................................ 7.84 3.4 26.9 7.94 3.3 29.2 – – –

Service, n.e.c. .......................................................... 7.61 3.7 27.3 7.27 3.5 28.7 8.31 5.1 24.8

1 The West North Central census division consists of Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, North

Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas. It also includes the St. Louis, MO

Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is comprised of parts of Missouri and

Illinois. 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They

include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium

pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is

computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,

weighted by hours. 3 Metropolitan areas can be a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) or Consolidated

Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) as defined by the Office of Management and Budget,

1994. Nonmetropolitan areas are counties that do not fit the definitions above. For more

information, see appendix E. 4 In this census division, collection was conducted between October 1996 and April

1998. The average reference period was July 1997. 5 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all

workers in the civilian economy. For more information, see appendix B. 6 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the

estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For

more information about RSEs, see appendix A.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication

criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may

include data for categories not shown separately. 
129

Table 8-7. South Atlantic census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3 for

selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

All ................................................................................................ $13.73 1.4 37.0 $14.17 1.7 36.9 $11.56 4.0 37.4

All excluding sales ............................................................... 13.84 1.3 37.3 14.29 1.4 37.2 11.71 4.1 37.6

White collar ............................................................................ 17.01 1.5 37.3 17.34 1.8 37.3 14.78 4.4 37.3

White collar excluding sales ............................................ 17.75 1.2 38.0 18.07 1.4 38.1 15.58 4.1 37.9

Professional specialty and technical ............................... 21.16 1.0 37.3 21.66 1.2 37.2 17.96 3.1 37.7

Professional specialty ...................................................... 22.56 1.0 37.2 22.89 1.2 37.2 20.23 3.1 37.5

Engineers, architects, and surveyors ........................... 27.09 1.5 40.1 26.89 1.6 40.1 29.75 4.2 40.0

Architects ................................................................. 21.36 9.8 38.5 21.36 9.8 38.5 – – –

Aerospace engineers ............................................... 26.39 4.1 40.0 26.39 4.1 40.0 – – –

Chemical engineers ................................................. 31.26 4.5 39.1 31.26 4.5 39.1 – – –

Civil engineers ......................................................... 24.99 3.7 40.7 24.97 3.8 40.7 – – –

Electrical and electronic engineers .......................... 28.42 1.9 40.3 28.44 1.9 40.3 – – –

Industrial engineers ................................................. 23.80 3.3 40.4 23.41 3.1 40.4 – – –

Mechanical engineers .............................................. 24.54 3.0 40.2 24.91 3.1 40.2 – – –

Engineers, n.e.c. ...................................................... 30.15 2.6 39.9 30.15 2.7 39.9 – – –

Mathematical and computer scientists ......................... 24.98 2.1 40.0 25.07 2.1 40.0 19.83 6.3 40.0

Computer systems analysts and scientists .............. 25.24 2.2 40.1 25.33 2.2 40.1 – – –

Operations and systems researchers and analysts 22.12 4.3 39.1 22.14 4.4 39.1 – – –

Statisticians .............................................................. 26.22 5.1 40.0 27.27 1.1 40.0 – – –

Natural scientists ......................................................... 21.17 5.8 39.9 21.59 5.7 39.9 – – –

Chemists, except biochemists ................................. 24.16 6.3 40.1 24.16 6.3 40.1 – – –

Geologists and geodesists ....................................... 20.64 9.3 42.4 20.64 9.3 42.4 – – –

Physical scientists, n.e.c. ......................................... 23.78 11.1 39.8 24.48 11.5 39.8 – – –

Agricultural and food scientists ................................ 22.25 15.2 39.1 22.94 16.0 39.0 – – –

Biological and life scientists ..................................... 16.45 7.0 40.7 16.38 7.1 40.8 – – –

Medical scientists ..................................................... 21.44 7.1 38.4 22.75 3.4 38.1 – – –

Health related .............................................................. 20.71 1.9 34.6 21.18 2.1 34.4 18.02 5.0 35.9

Physicians ................................................................ 42.55 14.1 39.1 43.95 14.0 39.0 – – –

Registered nurses .................................................... 19.06 1.3 33.9 19.36 1.6 33.4 17.46 1.1 37.0

Pharmacists ............................................................. 26.23 2.1 38.6 26.46 2.0 38.6 – – –

Dietitians .................................................................. 15.66 3.2 38.1 15.66 3.2 38.1 – – –

Respiratory therapists .............................................. 16.21 1.6 33.4 16.39 2.2 34.9 – – –

Occupational therapists ........................................... 19.34 6.9 38.6 18.89 7.4 38.8 – – –

Physical therapists ................................................... 25.53 3.3 35.0 25.53 3.3 35.0 – – –

Speech therapists .................................................... 28.00 5.2 33.5 28.00 5.2 33.5 – – –

Therapists, n.e.c. ..................................................... 15.61 4.3 36.4 15.66 4.9 35.9 – – –

Physicians’ assistants .............................................. 17.60 23.1 29.0 23.09 15.1 40.3 – – –

Teachers, college and university ................................. 27.97 2.8 38.9 28.26 3.4 37.3 26.79 .7 47.3

Biological science teachers ..................................... 31.08 16.3 43.7 36.33 19.1 38.8 – – –

Chemistry teachers .................................................. 27.26 7.0 54.0 – – – – – –

Psychology teachers ................................................ 27.35 11.8 39.2 27.35 11.8 39.2 – – –

Economics teachers ................................................ 39.52 3.9 51.4 28.85 7.6 35.5 – – –

History teachers ....................................................... 27.24 6.3 39.4 27.24 6.3 39.4 – – –

Engineering teachers ............................................... 24.18 11.6 43.8 17.18 29.1 31.8 – – –

Mathematical science teachers ............................... 24.93 5.2 36.8 24.93 5.2 36.8 – – –

Computer science teachers ..................................... 28.73 17.4 38.7 28.73 17.4 38.7 – – –

Medical science teachers ........................................ 28.37 10.8 40.8 28.37 10.8 40.8 – – –

Health specialities teachers ..................................... 39.22 7.8 32.6 39.22 7.8 32.6 – – –

Business, commerce, and marketing teachers ........ 32.00 18.1 43.5 32.00 18.1 43.5 – – –

Art, drama, and music teachers ............................... 22.44 5.3 34.2 22.44 5.3 34.2 – – –

Education teachers .................................................. 28.18 12.7 38.0 28.18 12.7 38.0 – – –

English teachers ...................................................... 24.58 12.6 37.7 24.58 12.6 37.7 – – –

Foreign language teachers ...................................... 17.24 17.7 41.0 28.44 16.5 25.5 – – –

Teachers, post secondary, subject not specified ..... 24.24 11.8 32.1 24.24 11.8 32.1 – – –

Teachers, post secondary, n.e.c. ............................. 27.22 4.0 36.8 27.16 4.2 37.6 28.36 9.9 26.8

Teachers, except college and university ...................... 21.75 1.4 35.9 22.08 1.5 35.9 20.28 4.3 36.1

Prekindergarten and kindergarten ........................... 19.36 5.8 37.2 19.90 5.4 36.5 – – –

Elementary school teachers .................................... 22.12 1.9 37.4 22.47 2.0 37.4 20.76 5.4 37.3

Secondary school teachers ..................................... 22.78 2.2 37.4 23.07 2.3 37.3 21.60 6.2 37.9

Teachers, special education .................................... 21.78 3.3 37.9 21.78 3.5 37.9 – – –

Teachers, n.e.c. ....................................................... 21.21 4.0 30.4 21.27 4.1 30.5 – – –

Substitute teachers .................................................. 8.50 10.1 15.0 9.27 10.7 16.3 – – –

Vocational and educational counselors ................... 21.69 6.1 38.0 22.45 7.3 37.7 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
130

Table 8-7. South Atlantic census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3 for

selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Professional specialty –Continued

Librarians, archivists, and curators .............................. $18.81 4.3 36.9 $18.95 4.7 37.8 – – –

Librarians ................................................................. 18.85 4.5 36.9 19.01 4.9 37.8 – – –

Social scientists and urban planners ........................... 20.30 5.2 38.7 20.71 6.2 38.9 – – –

Economists .............................................................. 24.15 7.8 38.3 24.86 7.9 39.1 – – –

Psychologists ........................................................... 20.74 5.2 37.9 21.42 5.0 37.7 – – –

Urban planners ........................................................ 17.22 5.8 40.0 17.29 7.7 40.0 – – –

Social, recreation, and religious workers ..................... 13.85 2.4 38.5 13.89 2.6 38.2 $13.61 5.4 40.0

Social workers ......................................................... 13.92 2.4 39.3 13.98 2.7 39.2 13.60 5.6 40.0

Recreation workers .................................................. 13.06 5.1 32.1 12.98 5.7 31.5 – – –

Clergy ...................................................................... 12.25 11.6 25.5 12.25 11.6 25.5 – – –

Lawyers and judges ..................................................... 36.13 4.6 40.0 36.31 4.6 40.3 – – –

Lawyers ................................................................... 36.05 5.2 40.4 36.05 5.2 40.4 – – –

Judges ..................................................................... 37.51 16.9 33.8 41.86 7.2 39.0 – – –

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and

professionals, n.e.c. ................................................... 18.87 4.4 37.7 19.08 4.5 37.6 – – –

Technical writers ...................................................... 16.68 5.4 38.4 16.68 5.4 38.4 – – –

Designers ................................................................. 16.02 5.5 40.0 16.02 5.5 40.0 – – –

Actors and directors ................................................. 12.91 15.3 31.8 12.91 15.3 31.8 – – –

Painters, sculptors, craft artists, and artist

printmakers ............................................................ 15.53 11.4 39.2 15.53 11.4 39.2 – – –

Photographers ......................................................... 15.10 9.0 38.3 16.30 6.2 37.9 – – –

Editors and reporters ............................................... 23.56 9.6 38.9 23.56 9.6 38.9 – – –

Public relations specialists ....................................... 20.16 9.7 38.9 20.80 10.4 38.8 – – –

Announcers .............................................................. 16.74 34.9 20.7 16.74 34.9 20.7 – – –

Athletes .................................................................... 13.62 8.4 41.3 13.62 8.4 41.3 – – –

Professional, n.e.c. .................................................. 21.74 5.9 38.5 21.74 5.9 38.5 – – –

Technical ......................................................................... 16.46 2.7 37.5 17.29 3.0 37.4 12.36 3.4 38.2

Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians .... 14.93 2.3 38.0 14.93 2.4 38.1 14.86 5.7 37.4

Health record technologists and technicians ........... 9.93 10.2 38.9 11.18 7.1 38.4 – – –

Radiological technicians .......................................... 15.72 3.1 34.6 15.94 3.3 35.1 – – –

Licensed practical nurses ........................................ 12.08 1.1 36.1 12.43 1.2 34.9 11.28 2.3 39.1

Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c. ............ 11.48 2.5 37.1 11.86 2.7 37.0 10.33 4.7 37.3

Electrical and electronic technicians ........................ 17.40 2.8 40.0 17.46 2.9 40.0 – – –

Mechanical engineering technicians ........................ 16.19 5.0 39.2 16.19 5.0 39.2 – – –

Engineering technicians, n.e.c. ................................ 16.00 5.5 39.6 16.68 4.2 39.5 – – –

Drafters .................................................................... 16.60 6.5 38.3 16.61 6.6 38.3 – – –

Surveying and mapping technicians ........................ 12.44 3.6 40.2 11.89 4.8 40.4 – – –

Biological technicians .............................................. 14.51 7.9 39.7 14.14 10.2 39.6 – – –

Chemical technicians ............................................... 17.91 6.4 39.9 19.27 5.5 39.8 – – –

Science technicians, n.e.c. ...................................... 16.56 5.6 37.9 16.56 5.6 37.9 – – –

Airplane pilots and navigators .................................. 85.98 15.3 22.7 85.98 15.3 22.7 – – –

Broadcast equipment operators ............................... 13.48 9.4 35.9 13.48 9.4 35.9 – – –

Computer programmers ........................................... 21.01 3.2 40.0 21.29 3.0 40.0 – – –

Legal assistants ....................................................... 16.44 4.0 39.8 16.44 4.0 39.8 – – –

Technical and related, n.e.c. .................................... 15.39 4.8 38.8 16.03 5.5 39.4 12.45 7.3 36.1

Executive, administrative, and managerial ..................... 24.27 2.9 40.3 24.30 3.2 40.4 23.99 2.6 39.0

Executives, administrators, and managers .................. 27.86 2.5 40.5 28.00 2.8 40.8 26.69 2.2 38.5

Administrators and officials, public administration ... 23.09 5.1 39.6 23.16 5.8 39.6 22.63 8.3 39.4

Financial managers ................................................. 30.30 5.1 40.6 30.62 5.2 40.6 – – –

Personnel and labor relations managers ................. 28.88 6.1 41.7 29.84 5.4 41.8 – – –

Purchasing managers .............................................. 29.44 9.1 40.1 32.34 7.1 40.2 – – –

Managers, marketing, advertising, and public

relations ................................................................. 30.71 5.2 41.2 31.24 5.2 41.4 – – –

Administrators, education and related fields ............ 28.14 3.6 39.3 26.96 2.7 39.7 32.39 8.5 38.0

Managers, medicine and health ............................... 27.51 5.7 39.7 27.39 6.3 39.7 – – –

Managers, food servicing and lodging

establishments ....................................................... 17.07 5.2 41.4 16.07 4.4 41.2 – – –

Managers, properties and real estate ...................... 29.05 17.0 40.7 29.05 17.0 40.7 – – –

Managers, service organizations, n.e.c. .................. 19.46 7.9 39.9 19.57 7.9 39.7 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
131

Table 8-7. South Atlantic census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3 for

selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Executive, administrative, and managerial –Continued

Executives, administrators, and managers

–Continued

Managers and administrators, n.e.c. ....................... $30.06 2.1 41.4 $30.19 2.1 41.7 $28.26 7.9 38.0

Management related .................................................... 19.27 3.1 40.0 19.31 3.3 40.0 18.84 6.3 39.8

Accountants and auditors ........................................ 18.03 1.9 39.9 18.12 2.1 39.9 – – –

Underwriters ............................................................ 19.54 6.4 42.1 19.54 6.4 42.1 – – –

Other financial officers ............................................. 21.55 5.1 39.7 21.19 5.4 39.6 24.42 9.1 40.0

Management analysts .............................................. 21.14 9.3 40.0 21.14 9.3 40.0 – – –

Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists .. 18.47 3.2 39.8 18.22 3.1 39.8 – – –

Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm

products ................................................................. 34.69 31.4 38.5 34.69 31.4 38.5 – – –

Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c. ..................... 17.41 11.2 40.0 17.19 13.3 39.9 – – –

Construction inspectors ........................................... 15.99 3.3 41.1 16.23 3.4 41.2 – – –

Inspectors and compliance officers, except

construction ........................................................... 18.13 8.4 40.1 18.75 10.0 40.1 15.67 6.7 40.0

Management related, n.e.c. ..................................... 19.99 3.2 39.8 20.20 3.4 39.9 18.28 10.7 39.5

Sales ................................................................................... 12.10 5.3 33.0 12.57 6.0 33.0 8.34 2.0 33.4

Supervisors, sales ................................................... 17.36 4.7 41.5 17.91 4.9 41.7 13.19 5.7 40.7

Insurance sales ........................................................ 19.73 21.7 43.3 19.73 21.7 43.3 – – –

Real estate sales ..................................................... 19.55 21.8 37.6 19.55 21.8 37.6 – – –

Securities and financial services sales .................... 53.71 19.8 40.0 53.71 19.8 40.0 – – –

Advertising and related sales ................................... 21.32 9.2 38.6 21.59 9.2 38.5 – – –

Sales, other business services ................................ 19.30 14.7 35.7 19.66 15.5 35.4 – – –

Sales engineers ....................................................... 28.65 6.8 41.2 28.65 6.8 41.2 – – –

Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and

wholesale ............................................................... 23.94 8.5 41.2 24.35 8.4 41.2 – – –

Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats ................ 16.19 6.8 44.9 16.19 6.8 44.9 – – –

Sales workers, apparel ............................................ 10.08 14.6 26.3 10.08 14.6 26.3 – – –

Sales workers, shoes ............................................... 9.51 24.3 27.3 9.51 24.3 27.3 – – –

Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings ........ 11.00 26.8 35.0 11.00 26.8 35.0 – – –

Sales workers, hardware and building supplies ....... 9.44 5.5 37.8 10.05 4.1 37.5 – – –

Sales workers, parts ................................................ 14.76 7.2 38.1 14.76 7.2 38.1 – – –

Sales workers, other commodities ........................... 8.56 5.1 30.8 8.75 6.0 30.1 7.71 1.5 33.9

Sales counter clerks ................................................ 8.53 9.2 31.2 8.53 9.2 31.2 – – –

Cashiers ................................................................... 6.59 3.8 27.8 6.60 4.3 28.0 6.43 2.0 26.7

Sales support, n.e.c. ................................................ 8.32 16.8 36.8 8.32 16.8 36.8 – – –

Administrative support, including clerical ...................... 10.96 1.3 37.8 11.05 1.4 37.8 10.45 2.8 37.7

Supervisors, general office ...................................... 15.43 3.0 39.8 15.50 3.3 39.8 14.70 7.6 40.0

Supervisors, computer equipment operators ........... 20.39 5.3 39.7 18.30 4.3 39.2 – – –

Supervisors, financial records processing ............... 18.13 4.1 39.8 18.13 4.1 39.8 – – –

Chief communications operators ............................. 17.53 6.3 40.8 17.49 10.5 41.3 – – –

Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and adjusting

clerks ..................................................................... 14.94 5.5 40.2 15.68 4.0 40.3 – – –

Computer operators ................................................. 11.70 4.1 39.7 11.83 4.2 39.8 – – –

Peripheral equipment operators .............................. 11.22 9.8 39.7 11.22 9.8 39.7 – – –

Secretaries ............................................................... 12.30 2.5 38.7 12.26 2.8 38.7 12.56 2.2 38.7

Stenographers ......................................................... 11.13 6.3 34.6 11.98 7.0 35.5 9.53 3.8 33.1

Typists ..................................................................... 11.82 5.1 37.2 12.07 4.9 37.1 – – –

Interviewers ............................................................. 8.67 4.0 32.9 9.12 3.5 30.9 7.46 .9 40.0

Hotel clerks .............................................................. 7.54 9.7 36.8 7.71 11.5 36.2 – – –

Transportation ticket and reservation agents ........... 13.41 5.6 36.1 13.92 4.3 35.8 – – –

Receptionists ........................................................... 8.36 2.3 35.5 8.50 2.3 35.2 6.74 2.9 39.2

Information clerks, n.e.c. .......................................... 10.97 3.0 35.9 10.97 3.0 35.9 – – –

Correspondence clerks ............................................ 8.83 3.9 38.5 8.83 3.9 38.5 – – –

Order clerks ............................................................. 11.93 2.8 38.5 11.63 2.3 38.2 13.28 5.9 40.0

Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping ... 11.22 5.9 40.1 10.86 4.2 40.1 – – –

Library clerks ........................................................... 9.05 2.2 32.5 9.27 2.1 30.9 8.68 6.2 35.6

File clerks ................................................................. 8.23 3.6 35.5 8.40 3.8 35.9 – – –

Records clerks, n.e.c. .............................................. 10.61 2.4 37.5 10.79 2.6 37.5 8.61 8.0 37.2

See footnotes at end of table.
132

Table 8-7. South Atlantic census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3 for

selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Administrative support, including clerical –Continued

Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ......... $10.44 2.4 38.5 $10.35 2.4 38.5 $11.02 5.9 38.9

Payroll and timekeeping clerks ................................ 11.33 2.9 39.0 11.66 2.8 39.0 – – –

Billing clerks ............................................................. 10.05 3.3 39.1 10.16 3.4 39.5 – – –

Cost and rate clerks ................................................. 12.67 6.6 38.6 12.97 6.4 38.5 – – –

Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators 9.17 6.6 37.9 9.17 6.6 37.9 – – –

Duplicating machine operators ................................ 7.55 3.7 39.8 7.55 3.7 39.8 – – –

Office machine operators, n.e.c. .............................. 8.77 4.2 38.7 8.87 5.3 38.3 – – –

Telephone operators ................................................ 11.34 5.2 35.6 11.26 8.9 34.6 – – –

Communications equipment operators, n.e.c. ......... 10.40 4.2 36.7 10.07 4.9 36.3 – – –

Mail clerks, except postal service ............................ 8.14 3.8 35.8 8.14 3.8 35.8 – – –

Messengers ............................................................. 8.02 6.6 34.0 8.05 6.7 34.1 – – –

Dispatchers .............................................................. 11.53 3.3 40.5 11.75 3.5 40.4 – – –

Production coordinators ........................................... 12.74 5.8 37.9 13.07 5.3 37.7 – – –

Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ....................... 10.24 4.7 39.5 10.27 2.6 39.3 – – –

Stock and inventory clerks ....................................... 10.21 2.7 37.8 10.23 3.0 37.5 10.08 4.7 40.0

Meter readers .......................................................... 14.02 11.7 40.0 11.91 13.3 39.9 – – –

Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers ....... 10.73 7.5 40.0 10.73 7.5 40.0 – – –

Expeditors ................................................................ 11.42 6.2 39.1 11.42 6.2 39.1 – – –

Material recording, scheduling, and distribution

clerks, n.e.c. ........................................................... 11.82 6.4 37.3 11.83 6.6 37.2 – – –

Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators .. 14.75 6.6 39.2 14.75 6.6 39.2 – – –

Investigators and adjusters, except insurance ......... 10.57 3.6 37.6 10.62 3.7 38.3 8.76 11.3 20.4

Eligibility clerks, social welfare ................................. 11.36 3.0 39.2 11.31 3.4 39.0 – – –

Bill and account collectors ....................................... 11.48 2.5 39.3 11.52 2.5 39.2 – – –

General office clerks ................................................ 10.09 1.4 38.2 10.13 1.6 38.1 9.92 2.1 39.1

Bank tellers .............................................................. 8.11 2.6 34.5 8.16 2.7 34.4 – – –

Proofreaders ............................................................ 9.01 3.7 39.5 9.39 6.9 38.7 – – –

Data entry keyers ..................................................... 9.06 3.1 37.1 9.04 3.0 37.0 – – –

Statistical clerks ....................................................... 11.05 4.1 38.5 11.27 4.0 38.4 – – –

Teachers’ aides ....................................................... 8.54 3.8 34.7 8.55 2.8 35.4 8.53 8.5 33.7

Administrative support, n.e.c. .................................. 10.80 2.8 37.2 11.32 2.6 37.7 8.14 6.1 35.0

Blue collar .............................................................................. 11.13 1.7 38.3 11.45 1.6 38.2 10.04 5.2 38.8

Precision production, craft, and repair ............................ 14.23 2.0 39.7 14.60 2.1 39.7 12.93 5.8 39.6

Supervisors, mechanics and repairers .................... 20.13 4.3 40.2 20.54 3.3 40.3 – – –

Automobile mechanics ............................................. 15.52 2.9 41.2 15.70 2.9 41.2 – – –

Automobile mechanic apprentices ........................... 8.48 17.2 37.9 8.48 17.2 37.9 – – –

Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics .......... 13.61 4.7 39.9 14.07 4.4 39.9 – – –

Automobile body and related repairers .................... 14.09 6.3 40.2 14.09 6.3 40.2 – – –

Aircraft mechanics, except engine ........................... 20.39 8.0 40.0 20.39 8.0 40.0 – – –

Heavy equipment mechanics ................................... 13.12 5.0 40.0 13.64 4.1 40.0 – – –

Industrial machinery repairers ................................. 15.46 4.5 40.0 14.50 2.1 40.0 17.32 8.3 40.0

Machinery maintenance ........................................... 11.80 6.8 40.3 11.82 5.5 40.4 – – –

Electronic repairers, communications and industrial

equipment .............................................................. 14.56 8.0 40.1 14.24 8.1 40.1 – – –

Data processing equipment repairers ...................... 15.10 7.7 38.9 15.10 7.7 38.9 – – –

Telephone line installers and repairers .................... 17.37 5.2 39.9 18.23 4.8 39.9 14.41 9.7 40.0

Telephone installers and repairers .......................... 17.26 3.0 40.0 17.26 3.0 40.0 – – –

Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration

mechanics .............................................................. 13.67 3.3 40.2 13.87 3.7 40.2 – – –

Mechanical controls and valve repairers ................. 16.19 3.9 40.0 15.91 4.1 40.0 – – –

Millwrights ................................................................ 14.37 4.2 40.0 14.37 4.2 40.0 – – –

Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c. ............................... 13.98 4.3 39.8 14.83 3.5 39.7 12.31 10.1 40.0

Supervisors, carpenters and related workers .......... 15.33 10.8 40.0 15.33 10.8 40.0 – – –

Supervisors, electricians and power transmission

installers ................................................................. 18.82 8.3 40.0 19.26 7.0 40.0 – – –

Supervisors, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 20.64 20.4 41.2 20.64 20.4 41.2 – – –

Supervisors, construction trades, n.e.c. ................... 15.97 4.7 40.3 16.33 5.2 40.3 – – –

Carpenters ............................................................... 13.05 2.6 39.6 13.11 2.6 39.6 – – –

Drywall installers ...................................................... 14.45 4.8 40.0 14.45 4.8 40.0 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
133

Table 8-7. South Atlantic census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3 for

selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Precision production, craft, and repair –Continued

Electricians .............................................................. $14.67 3.7 39.9 $14.89 4.4 39.9 $13.91 4.9 40.0

Electrician apprentices ............................................. 9.78 5.7 40.1 9.78 5.7 40.1 – – –

Electrical power installers and repairers .................. 18.70 5.6 39.9 19.64 4.4 39.8 – – –

Painters, construction and maintenance .................. 11.46 10.5 39.0 11.44 10.9 39.0 – – –

Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ..................... 17.89 9.3 39.1 18.00 9.3 39.1 – – –

Concrete and terrazzo finishers ............................... 12.05 6.1 39.5 12.95 6.9 39.0 – – –

Insulation workers .................................................... 11.71 10.7 40.0 12.56 10.2 40.0 – – –

Sheetmetal duct installers ........................................ 12.41 7.4 40.0 12.41 7.4 40.0 – – –

Structural metal workers .......................................... 11.76 6.7 40.0 11.76 6.7 40.0 – – –

Construction trades, n.e.c. ....................................... 11.15 5.7 39.8 12.20 4.9 39.6 9.97 10.5 40.0

Supervisors, production ........................................... 17.71 2.8 40.8 17.38 3.4 41.2 18.42 5.1 40.0

Tool and die makers ................................................ 14.74 7.6 40.2 15.89 4.4 40.2 – – –

Tool and die maker apprentices .............................. 11.47 7.9 40.0 11.47 7.9 40.0 – – –

Precision assemblers, metal .................................... 12.70 4.2 40.0 12.70 4.2 40.0 – – –

Machinists ................................................................ 15.42 3.4 40.4 15.42 3.4 40.4 – – –

Patternmakers and modelmakers, metal ................. 13.44 14.5 40.0 13.44 14.5 40.0 – – –

Sheet metal workers ................................................ 13.27 2.2 40.0 13.27 2.2 40.0 – – –

Furniture and wood finishers ................................... 10.19 1.3 40.0 10.19 1.3 40.0 – – –

Upholsterers ............................................................ 14.64 8.5 39.2 14.64 8.5 39.2 – – –

Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers ...... 9.41 4.9 39.7 8.79 4.5 39.5 – – –

Miscellaneous precision workers, n.e.c. .................. 13.69 20.9 40.1 11.66 25.1 40.1 – – –

Butchers and meat cutters ....................................... 8.81 7.5 36.2 – – – – – –

Bakers ...................................................................... 9.53 11.2 34.7 9.53 11.2 34.7 – – –

Food batchmakers ................................................... 8.26 4.7 40.0 8.26 4.7 40.0 – – –

Inspectors, testers, and graders .............................. 14.11 4.4 40.5 14.11 4.4 40.5 – – –

Precision inspectors, testers, and related workers,

n.e.c. ...................................................................... 16.60 14.9 40.0 16.60 14.9 40.0 – – –

Water and sewer treatment plant operators ............ 13.72 4.7 40.0 13.82 5.2 39.9 – – –

Power plant operators .............................................. 18.99 9.3 40.5 18.99 9.3 40.5 – – –

Stationary engineers ................................................ 15.57 8.0 39.5 15.57 8.0 39.5 – – –

Miscellaneous plant and system operators, n.e.c. ... 17.16 5.8 39.1 17.16 5.8 39.1 – – –

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ........... 10.08 1.9 39.7 10.55 1.0 39.7 8.96 4.8 39.9

Lathe and turning machine set-up operators ........... 13.37 7.5 39.8 14.43 6.7 39.7 – – –

Lathe and turning machine operators ...................... 10.56 6.0 40.0 10.56 6.0 40.0 – – –

Punching and stamping press operators ................. 10.32 7.7 40.0 10.32 7.7 40.0 – – –

Drilling and boring machine operators ..................... 11.62 7.4 39.7 11.62 7.4 39.7 – – –

Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine

operators ................................................................ 10.02 3.7 40.0 10.16 4.4 40.0 – – –

Numerical control machine operators ...................... 13.54 5.5 40.2 13.54 5.5 40.2 – – –

Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c. ..................... 10.86 5.1 39.9 10.86 5.1 39.9 – – –

Molding and casting machine operators .................. 8.78 7.1 39.9 8.84 7.3 39.9 – – –

Metal plating machine operators .............................. 10.24 16.1 38.2 – – – – – –

Heat treating equipment operators .......................... 11.66 13.0 40.6 11.66 13.0 40.6 – – –

Wood lathe, routing, and planing machine

operators ................................................................ 8.71 12.4 40.0 10.14 3.2 40.0 – – –

Sawing machine operators ...................................... – – – 10.24 3.7 38.3 – – –

Printing press operators ........................................... 14.82 3.7 38.9 14.82 3.7 38.9 – – –

Photoengravers and lithographers ........................... 13.73 3.9 39.6 13.73 3.9 39.6 – – –

Typesetters and compositors ................................... 11.90 12.0 37.7 11.98 12.1 39.1 – – –

Winding and twisting machine operators ................. 10.81 6.9 40.2 9.56 2.7 40.5 – – –

Knitting, looping, taping, and weaving machine

operators ................................................................ 9.58 4.5 40.9 9.58 4.5 40.9 – – –

Textile cutting machine operators ............................ 8.57 11.1 40.1 8.74 10.9 40.2 – – –

Textile sewing machine operators ........................... 7.60 4.1 39.8 8.09 4.2 39.6 – – –

Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators ..... 6.85 2.8 38.9 6.95 3.4 39.2 6.49 3.6 37.6

Cementing and gluing machine operators ............... – – – 8.54 10.4 40.0 – – –

Packaging and filling machine operators ................. 10.47 11.0 39.3 12.60 7.6 38.8 – – –

Extruding and forming machine operators ............... 11.74 4.1 40.5 11.74 4.1 40.5 – – –

Mixing and blending machine operators .................. 12.38 9.4 39.9 12.70 9.3 39.9 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
134

Table 8-7. South Atlantic census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3 for

selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors

–Continued

Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine

operators ................................................................ $14.82 3.6 39.8 $14.82 3.6 39.8 – – –

Compressing and compacting machine operators .. 9.07 5.1 38.5 9.07 5.1 38.5 – – –

Painting and paint spraying machine operators ....... 11.89 6.2 40.6 11.89 6.4 40.6 – – –

Folding machine operators ...................................... 9.56 9.2 39.9 9.56 9.2 39.9 – – –

Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food ....... 13.74 13.0 40.0 13.74 13.0 40.0 – – –

Crushing and grinding machine operators ............... 9.51 16.7 40.1 11.75 4.0 40.1 – – –

Slicing and cutting machine operators ..................... 11.65 4.5 40.0 11.65 4.5 40.0 – – –

Photographic process machine operators ............... 8.92 9.2 36.4 8.08 3.7 35.7 – – –

Miscellaneous machine operators, n.e.c. ................ 11.26 2.5 39.8 11.32 1.8 39.8 $11.12 7.8 39.8

Welders and cutters ................................................. 12.32 6.4 40.1 12.39 6.5 40.1 – – –

Solders and braziers ................................................ 9.55 11.0 40.0 9.55 11.0 40.0 – – –

Assemblers .............................................................. 9.22 2.4 39.7 9.73 2.9 39.7 7.99 4.4 39.9

Hand cutting and trimming ....................................... 10.15 3.4 40.0 10.15 3.4 40.0 – – –

Hand painting, coating, and decorating ................... 10.15 11.6 37.5 10.15 11.6 37.5 – – –

Miscellaneous hand working, n.e.c. ......................... 9.32 6.2 38.4 9.71 6.0 37.2 – – –

Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ..... 9.88 3.5 40.2 10.22 1.9 40.3 8.41 19.5 39.9

Production testers .................................................... 10.28 7.1 40.3 11.41 6.2 40.4 – – –

Graders and sorters, except agricultural .................. 7.14 2.7 40.0 7.79 7.5 39.9 – – –

Hand inspectors, n.e.c. ............................................ 9.14 5.9 40.0 9.14 5.9 40.0 – – –

Transportation and material moving ............................... 11.50 1.9 37.1 11.64 2.2 37.5 10.55 3.7 35.1

Supervisors, motor vehicle operators ...................... 13.11 5.9 41.1 13.31 7.2 41.9 – – –

Truck drivers ............................................................ 11.61 2.8 39.6 11.77 3.0 39.6 8.81 1.9 39.6

Driver-sales workers ................................................ 12.13 7.3 40.5 12.14 7.7 40.3 – – –

Bus drivers ............................................................... 10.59 3.7 28.6 10.95 3.8 30.5 8.27 5.7 20.3

Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs ................................ 6.62 6.8 29.2 6.74 7.1 28.6 – – –

Parking lot attendants .............................................. 6.58 3.2 33.0 6.58 3.2 33.0 – – –

Motor transportation, n.e.c. ...................................... 9.49 5.5 34.5 9.70 5.7 33.8 – – –

Supervisors, material moving equipment ................. 16.74 8.3 40.0 17.82 6.3 40.0 – – –

Operating engineers ................................................ 12.05 6.5 40.0 13.62 8.1 40.0 – – –

Crane and tower operators ...................................... 16.20 5.5 39.9 16.83 7.2 39.9 – – –

Excavating and loading machine operators ............. 10.87 4.6 40.0 11.50 5.4 39.9 – – –

Grader, dozer, and scrapper operators ................... 10.87 4.3 40.0 10.31 4.4 40.0 – – –

Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ..... 10.96 2.7 39.9 10.99 2.5 39.9 – – –

Miscellaneous material moving equipment

operators, n.e.c. ..................................................... 13.85 9.2 38.4 13.73 10.7 38.0 – – –

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ... 8.66 2.3 35.9 8.82 2.5 35.6 7.99 8.4 36.9

Supervisors, agriculture-related workers ................. 18.08 9.4 40.3 18.23 9.5 40.3 – – –

Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm ......... 7.68 3.1 38.0 8.16 5.2 37.1 6.93 3.5 39.5

Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and

laborers, n.e.c. ....................................................... 14.34 4.7 41.0 14.34 4.7 41.0 – – –

Helpers, mechanics and repairers ........................... 9.49 3.8 40.2 9.69 5.7 40.4 – – –

Helpers, construction trades .................................... 8.98 3.0 38.8 8.74 2.6 38.5 9.92 5.9 40.0

Construction laborers ............................................... 7.93 3.3 38.3 7.85 3.6 38.1 8.48 6.5 40.0

Production helpers ................................................... 10.11 8.0 39.8 9.15 3.2 39.7 – – –

Garbage collectors ................................................... 9.34 10.1 39.7 9.45 11.0 39.6 – – –

Stock handlers and baggers .................................... 7.65 4.5 29.9 7.71 5.4 29.9 7.34 4.9 29.6

Machine feeders and offbearers .............................. 8.67 5.3 40.0 8.55 5.3 40.0 – – –

Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c. ............ 9.44 4.7 36.9 9.96 3.7 36.2 7.47 14.9 39.9

Garage and service station related .......................... 8.89 10.9 42.0 8.89 10.9 42.0 – – –

Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners ............... 8.51 5.7 38.9 8.83 5.2 38.7 – – –

Hand packers and packagers .................................. 8.05 3.4 38.1 8.35 2.5 37.5 7.19 10.7 40.0

Laborers, except construction, n.e.c. ....................... 8.07 2.7 38.1 8.19 2.3 38.2 7.48 12.6 37.7

Service .................................................................................... 8.52 1.5 33.7 8.59 1.2 33.5 8.20 7.2 34.6

Protective service ........................................................ 11.93 1.9 38.6 12.19 2.1 38.3 10.96 2.1 39.5

Supervisors, firefighters and fire prevention ............ 20.38 5.1 48.8 20.38 5.1 48.8 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
135

Table 8-7. South Atlantic census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3 for

selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Service –Continued

Protective service –Continued

Supervisors, police and detectives .......................... $19.28 3.1 40.4 $19.82 2.8 40.5 – – –

Supervisors, guards ................................................. 13.30 7.3 36.7 12.89 7.8 36.3 – – –

Fire inspection and fire prevention ........................... 14.61 8.5 45.0 15.80 6.1 46.3 – – –

Firefighting ............................................................... 11.91 2.7 48.8 11.96 2.7 48.9 – – –

Police and detectives, public service ....................... 15.73 2.2 40.3 15.89 2.3 40.4 $13.49 7.5 39.8

Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers 12.62 3.9 39.7 13.83 4.2 39.4 10.13 7.4 40.4

Correctional institution officers ................................. 11.65 2.0 40.0 12.51 2.3 40.0 11.11 1.7 40.0

Crossing guards ....................................................... 8.30 5.0 19.3 8.39 4.9 20.4 – – –

Guards and police, except public service ................ 7.56 2.5 34.3 7.55 2.5 34.3 7.61 10.0 34.1

Protective service, n.e.c. .......................................... 11.72 8.4 34.6 11.83 8.7 34.4 – – –

Food service ................................................................ 6.28 1.9 30.4 6.26 2.0 30.6 6.40 5.3 29.5

Supervisors, food preparation and service .............. 10.60 3.4 39.4 10.72 4.2 39.8 – – –

Bartenders ............................................................... 4.89 9.6 32.9 4.80 12.9 32.4 – – –

Waiters and waitresses ............................................ 3.31 4.4 28.9 3.34 4.4 29.0 2.93 11.3 27.6

Cooks ....................................................................... 7.97 1.7 35.1 8.16 1.9 34.5 7.15 1.9 37.7

Food counter, fountain, and related ......................... 5.71 2.1 24.8 5.89 2.7 27.0 5.37 .8 21.5

Kitchen workers, food preparation ........................... 7.37 2.3 31.2 7.46 2.3 30.8 6.98 6.6 33.4

Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ............................... 5.63 7.9 31.1 5.75 8.0 30.7 – – –

Food preparation, n.e.c. ........................................... 6.60 2.1 29.9 6.55 2.2 29.6 6.83 5.5 31.4

Health service .............................................................. 7.74 1.5 35.0 7.98 1.3 34.9 6.98 4.6 35.5

Dental assistants ..................................................... 10.12 3.8 29.8 10.12 3.8 29.8 – – –

Health aides, except nursing ................................... 8.57 3.2 34.7 8.60 3.0 33.9 8.46 11.4 39.1

Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants .................. 7.52 1.4 35.1 7.79 1.1 35.2 6.72 4.0 34.9

Cleaning and building service ...................................... 7.67 1.4 34.8 7.73 1.6 34.4 7.27 2.0 38.1

Supervisors, cleaning and building service workers 11.34 3.5 38.4 11.26 3.9 38.2 – – –

Maids and housemen .............................................. 6.81 3.5 37.0 6.96 4.0 37.0 6.12 1.3 37.1

Janitors and cleaners ............................................... 7.53 1.8 33.7 7.55 2.1 33.2 7.36 2.3 38.5

Personal service .......................................................... 9.00 4.2 30.0 9.20 5.0 29.7 7.89 1.7 32.4

Supervisors, personal service .................................. 13.66 7.4 37.0 13.41 8.6 36.6 – – –

Attendants, amusement, and recreation facilities .... 6.39 5.7 27.1 6.74 4.1 28.1 – – –

Guides ..................................................................... 8.43 7.2 28.5 8.56 7.7 29.8 – – –

Public transportation attendants .............................. 26.79 8.4 21.0 26.79 8.4 21.0 – – –

Baggage porters and bellhops ................................. 5.55 8.3 34.8 5.55 8.3 34.8 – – –

Welfare service aides .............................................. 8.09 5.9 27.8 8.34 6.8 26.6 7.23 6.9 32.7

Early childhood teachers’ assistants ........................ 8.05 2.7 34.3 7.92 3.8 33.1 8.30 2.7 37.0

Child care workers, n.e.c. ........................................ 6.89 3.9 25.1 6.87 3.9 24.9 – – –

Service, n.e.c. .......................................................... 7.50 4.5 32.7 7.41 5.0 32.5 8.03 3.7 33.7

1 The South Atlantic census division consists of Delaware, Maryland, District of

Columbia, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They

include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium

pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is

computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,

weighted by hours. 3 Metropolitan areas can be a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) or Consolidated

Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) as defined by the Office of Management and Budget,

1994. Nonmetropolitan areas are counties that do not fit the definitions above. For more

information, see appendix E.

4 In this census division, collection was conducted between October 1996 and July

1998. The average reference period was September 1997. 5 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all

workers in the civilian economy. For more information, see appendix B. 6 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the

estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For

more information about RSEs, see appendix A.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication

criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may

include data for categories not shown separately. 
136

Table 8-8. East South Central census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan

areas3 for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

All ................................................................................................ $11.88 2.3 37.8 $13.60 1.6 37.0 $10.22 3.7 38.7

All excluding sales ............................................................... 12.24 2.2 38.0 13.85 1.4 37.5 10.55 3.8 38.6

White collar ............................................................................ 14.97 1.9 37.8 16.05 2.2 37.0 13.24 5.0 39.1

White collar excluding sales ............................................ 16.96 1.5 38.3 16.94 1.8 38.0 17.02 2.2 38.9

Professional specialty and technical ............................... 19.91 1.0 37.5 20.37 1.3 37.9 18.41 1.0 36.4

Professional specialty ...................................................... 21.71 1.5 37.3 22.34 2.1 37.7 19.88 1.0 36.4

Engineers, architects, and surveyors ........................... 23.29 3.9 40.8 25.08 1.0 41.4 – – –

Civil engineers ......................................................... 22.93 3.5 39.5 22.93 3.5 39.5 – – –

Electrical and electronic engineers .......................... 24.61 3.7 40.3 24.33 4.2 40.4 – – –

Industrial engineers ................................................. – – – 24.12 4.7 40.7 – – –

Mechanical engineers .............................................. 24.97 3.2 40.1 24.97 3.2 40.1 – – –

Engineers, n.e.c. ...................................................... 24.65 4.8 42.0 25.85 4.5 42.5 – – –

Mathematical and computer scientists ......................... 22.31 2.3 40.9 22.31 2.3 40.9 – – –

Computer systems analysts and scientists .............. 22.68 2.2 40.7 22.68 2.2 40.7 – – –

Operations and systems researchers and analysts 17.84 5.8 45.8 17.84 5.8 45.8 – – –

Natural scientists ......................................................... 22.74 8.2 41.3 22.74 8.2 41.3 – – –

Health related .............................................................. 19.74 2.5 36.5 20.55 1.6 36.5 16.46 2.8 36.7

Physicians ................................................................ 53.85 5.5 37.1 53.85 5.5 37.1 – – –

Registered nurses .................................................... 17.21 .9 36.4 17.50 1.6 36.1 16.15 1.4 37.4

Pharmacists ............................................................. 26.01 3.1 38.3 26.39 3.0 37.9 – – –

Dietitians .................................................................. 15.38 5.5 39.6 – – – – – –

Respiratory therapists .............................................. 15.96 3.8 31.7 15.31 1.3 33.1 – – –

Physical therapists ................................................... 25.98 3.4 37.0 26.83 1.7 39.7 – – –

Speech therapists .................................................... 20.80 7.8 40.0 20.80 7.8 40.0 – – –

Teachers, college and university ................................. 26.70 6.4 32.5 27.99 5.1 33.4 22.91 6.1 30.2

History teachers ....................................................... 27.68 7.7 28.3 – – – – – –

Business, commerce, and marketing teachers ........ 34.00 16.3 22.3 – – – – – –

Art, drama, and music teachers ............................... 20.89 6.6 27.1 21.08 6.4 33.5 – – –

English teachers ...................................................... 21.46 8.1 29.3 24.87 4.7 34.6 – – –

Trade and industrial teachers .................................. 24.15 3.1 35.4 – – – – – –

Teachers, post secondary, n.e.c. ............................. 21.30 5.4 30.8 – – – – – –

Teachers, except college and university ...................... 22.66 .9 35.8 23.50 .7 35.2 21.34 1.7 36.8

Prekindergarten and kindergarten ........................... 12.35 15.7 36.7 12.35 15.7 36.7 – – –

Elementary school teachers .................................... 22.94 .6 38.1 23.88 1.1 37.3 21.84 1.0 39.0

Secondary school teachers ..................................... 23.32 .6 37.4 23.78 .7 37.0 22.53 .7 38.2

Teachers, special education .................................... 23.97 2.5 36.6 24.95 1.3 36.4 – – –

Teachers, n.e.c. ....................................................... 22.46 8.6 36.4 23.83 4.4 35.7 – – –

Substitute teachers .................................................. 6.47 4.7 9.7 7.15 2.8 8.4 – – –

Vocational and educational counselors ................... 24.87 4.1 38.6 27.40 .6 38.4 – – –

Librarians, archivists, and curators .............................. 17.64 3.0 36.4 17.64 3.0 36.4 – – –

Librarians ................................................................. 18.36 4.3 35.9 18.36 4.3 35.9 – – –

Social scientists and urban planners ........................... 17.92 10.3 41.2 17.77 11.5 41.2 – – –

Psychologists ........................................................... 19.57 17.2 40.0 – – – – – –

Social, recreation, and religious workers ..................... 13.00 4.7 39.6 13.30 6.3 39.6 12.10 1.5 39.6

Social workers ......................................................... 13.09 4.6 39.6 13.46 6.3 39.7 12.10 1.5 39.6

Recreation workers .................................................. 10.17 17.5 34.9 10.17 17.5 34.9 – – –

Lawyers and judges ..................................................... 31.74 4.3 39.3 33.22 4.5 47.4 – – –

Lawyers ................................................................... 31.74 4.3 39.3 33.22 4.5 47.4 – – –

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and

professionals, n.e.c. ................................................... 18.34 .7 40.3 18.40 .8 41.0 – – –

Technical writers ...................................................... 15.90 3.1 40.0 15.90 3.1 40.0 – – –

Designers ................................................................. 18.90 10.1 41.6 18.90 10.1 41.6 – – –

Editors and reporters ............................................... 24.70 8.2 41.3 24.70 8.2 41.3 – – –

Public relations specialists ....................................... 14.76 8.4 41.6 14.76 8.4 41.6 – – –

Professional, n.e.c. .................................................. 16.44 4.6 38.4 16.29 6.4 38.9 – – –

Technical ......................................................................... 13.85 3.0 38.2 14.43 2.3 38.5 11.00 3.2 36.5

Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians .... 13.31 4.3 37.7 13.47 5.0 37.4 – – –

Health record technologists and technicians ........... 11.17 6.1 35.2 11.17 6.1 35.2 – – –

Radiological technicians .......................................... 13.41 3.4 39.4 13.78 2.2 39.7 – – –

Licensed practical nurses ........................................ 10.87 2.5 37.1 11.32 3.5 38.2 10.17 2.2 35.5

Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c. ............ 12.16 9.2 37.3 12.16 9.2 37.3 – – –

Electrical and electronic technicians ........................ 16.47 4.5 40.4 16.37 4.7 40.4 – – –

Engineering technicians, n.e.c. ................................ 18.05 3.0 39.6 – – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
137

Table 8-8. East South Central census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan

areas3 for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Technical –Continued

Drafters .................................................................... $14.53 6.5 41.9 $14.53 6.5 41.9 – – –

Biological technicians .............................................. 14.49 15.2 40.0 14.49 15.2 40.0 – – –

Chemical technicians ............................................... 15.19 8.6 40.0 15.19 8.6 40.0 – – –

Computer programmers ........................................... 17.03 2.8 41.0 17.03 2.8 41.0 – – –

Legal assistants ....................................................... 14.88 1.6 41.4 14.88 1.8 41.6 – – –

Technical and related, n.e.c. .................................... 12.96 2.3 38.3 12.96 2.3 38.3 – – –

Executive, administrative, and managerial ..................... 24.91 3.5 41.0 24.23 .8 41.1 $26.03 7.5 40.8

Executives, administrators, and managers .................. 27.12 3.7 41.2 26.63 .9 41.3 27.82 7.9 41.0

Administrators and officials, public administration ... 20.64 3.6 36.8 22.76 1.5 40.3 17.01 8.4 32.1

Financial managers ................................................. 24.96 1.7 41.6 26.71 5.1 42.3 18.38 16.2 39.2

Personnel and labor relations managers ................. 20.58 2.8 40.0 20.58 2.8 40.0 – – –

Managers, marketing, advertising, and public

relations ................................................................. 26.62 2.3 42.2 26.62 2.3 42.2 – – –

Administrators, education and related fields ............ 26.21 5.6 38.8 29.62 2.5 40.2 22.09 5.3 37.2

Managers, medicine and health ............................... 27.17 6.2 40.5 28.32 3.2 39.9 – – –

Managers, food servicing and lodging

establishments ....................................................... 15.66 9.3 42.2 16.62 11.0 42.5 – – –

Managers, service organizations, n.e.c. .................. – – – 18.63 1.3 39.7 – – –

Managers and administrators, n.e.c. ....................... 29.36 6.0 44.3 27.81 1.4 42.4 – – –

Management related .................................................... 20.02 1.5 40.4 19.76 .7 40.5 20.63 4.4 40.1

Accountants and auditors ........................................ 17.84 3.5 40.3 18.48 3.0 40.4 – – –

Other financial officers ............................................. 18.92 6.6 40.6 17.31 4.0 40.3 – – –

Management analysts .............................................. 24.94 3.2 40.4 24.94 3.2 40.4 – – –

Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists .. 23.66 3.4 39.6 23.66 3.4 39.6 – – –

Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm

products ................................................................. 18.14 18.7 43.0 14.89 .7 43.5 – – –

Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c. ..................... 15.84 5.6 40.0 14.41 12.7 40.0 – – –

Inspectors and compliance officers, except

construction ........................................................... 15.13 5.5 40.6 15.21 6.3 40.8 – – –

Management related, n.e.c. ..................................... 21.34 4.1 40.4 20.02 2.6 41.2 – – –

Sales ................................................................................... 8.91 6.8 36.3 10.43 3.8 31.4 – – –

Supervisors, sales ................................................... 14.20 2.4 41.1 14.12 2.4 41.2 – – –

Sales, other business services ................................ 18.63 3.4 40.4 19.28 2.1 39.9 – – –

Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and

wholesale ............................................................... 18.58 9.3 40.8 16.72 5.4 40.9 – – –

Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats ................ 14.53 17.9 50.4 14.53 17.9 50.4 – – –

Sales workers, apparel ............................................ 7.47 4.4 26.3 7.47 4.4 26.3 – – –

Sales workers, parts ................................................ 9.73 5.1 35.3 9.73 5.1 35.3 – – –

Sales workers, other commodities ........................... 8.90 5.1 31.4 9.02 6.1 31.2 – – –

Sales counter clerks ................................................ 6.17 2.5 28.5 6.21 2.6 28.8 – – –

Cashiers ................................................................... – – – 6.53 1.9 27.1 – – –

Sales support, n.e.c. ................................................ 9.13 4.3 40.1 9.13 4.3 40.1 – – –

Administrative support, including clerical ...................... 10.71 2.3 37.8 10.62 2.7 37.0 10.92 3.8 39.7

Supervisors, general office ...................................... 13.25 6.1 39.8 13.64 6.7 39.8 – – –

Supervisors, financial records processing ............... 16.43 5.5 40.3 16.43 5.5 40.3 – – –

Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and adjusting

clerks ..................................................................... 19.90 10.2 38.3 17.36 14.9 33.0 – – –

Secretaries ............................................................... 11.01 1.6 38.2 11.35 2.0 37.9 9.41 3.2 39.7

Typists ..................................................................... 9.30 6.2 39.9 10.00 3.4 39.9 – – –

Interviewers ............................................................. 8.54 7.7 34.9 9.46 5.3 32.0 – – –

Hotel clerks .............................................................. 6.60 .0 36.8 6.60 .0 36.8 – – –

Receptionists ........................................................... 7.77 4.5 37.3 7.82 4.9 37.1 – – –

Information clerks, n.e.c. .......................................... 8.80 2.2 38.1 8.80 2.2 38.1 – – –

Order clerks ............................................................. 8.40 3.3 36.7 8.40 3.3 36.7 – – –

Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping ... 12.02 4.9 36.9 12.02 4.9 36.9 – – –

Library clerks ........................................................... 6.87 4.2 27.7 6.50 7.3 23.2 – – –

File clerks ................................................................. 9.46 10.0 39.6 9.58 10.0 39.6 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
138

Table 8-8. East South Central census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan

areas3 for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Administrative support, including clerical –Continued

Records clerks, n.e.c. .............................................. – – – $10.50 11.4 36.4 – – –

Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ......... – – – 10.72 .3 39.8 – – –

Payroll and timekeeping clerks ................................ $10.15 5.5 39.8 10.11 6.0 39.8 – – –

Billing clerks ............................................................. 10.33 3.4 33.1 10.09 5.1 30.7 – – –

Telephone operators ................................................ 9.86 4.2 35.9 9.86 4.2 35.9 – – –

Mail clerks, except postal service ............................ 10.20 6.6 36.3 10.72 4.7 35.9 – – –

Dispatchers .............................................................. 10.48 6.7 37.5 11.48 6.4 38.5 – – –

Production coordinators ........................................... 12.53 6.6 40.0 12.53 6.6 40.0 – – –

Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ....................... 13.16 13.3 31.1 – – – – – –

Stock and inventory clerks ....................................... 9.88 3.5 37.5 9.61 3.7 39.2 – – –

Meter readers .......................................................... 13.75 4.7 40.0 13.75 4.7 40.0 – – –

Material recording, scheduling, and distribution

clerks, n.e.c. ........................................................... 11.00 12.6 39.6 12.47 13.0 39.4 – – –

Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators .. 15.18 15.7 40.0 15.18 15.7 40.0 – – –

Investigators and adjusters, except insurance ......... 10.26 2.4 37.0 10.33 2.0 36.9 – – –

Eligibility clerks, social welfare ................................. 10.34 4.4 39.4 10.22 5.7 39.9 – – –

General office clerks ................................................ 9.49 2.5 37.8 9.57 3.1 37.2 $9.20 4.2 40.0

Bank tellers .............................................................. 8.11 2.4 36.9 8.13 2.6 37.5 – – –

Data entry keyers ..................................................... 8.23 2.5 35.0 8.06 3.4 35.0 – – –

Teachers’ aides ....................................................... 7.78 3.4 33.7 7.98 2.9 31.7 – – –

Administrative support, n.e.c. .................................. 9.54 7.4 39.6 10.48 1.3 39.3 – – –

Blue collar .............................................................................. 11.21 3.7 39.4 12.10 .6 39.1 10.33 7.1 39.7

Precision production, craft, and repair ............................ 13.69 9.0 40.0 15.40 1.7 40.0 11.78 13.1 40.0

Supervisors, mechanics and repairers .................... 19.61 2.5 40.0 19.61 2.5 40.0 – – –

Automobile mechanics ............................................. 13.66 7.7 40.1 13.66 7.7 40.1 – – –

Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics .......... 11.67 9.6 40.4 11.67 9.6 40.4 – – –

Heavy equipment mechanics ................................... 13.67 8.7 40.0 12.16 9.3 40.0 – – –

Industrial machinery repairers ................................. 16.80 2.8 40.1 17.69 .8 40.1 – – –

Machinery maintenance ........................................... 10.33 4.6 40.0 10.78 4.7 40.1 – – –

Electronic repairers, communications and industrial

equipment .............................................................. 14.88 7.9 40.0 14.88 8.0 40.0 – – –

Telephone line installers and repairers .................... 14.88 9.4 40.0 14.17 8.0 40.0 – – –

Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration

mechanics .............................................................. 11.03 13.0 39.5 11.06 13.4 39.6 – – –

Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c. ............................... 12.95 3.8 40.3 15.07 1.8 40.4 9.40 2.4 39.9

Supervisors, electricians and power transmission

installers ................................................................. 22.47 2.9 40.1 23.04 2.7 40.1 – – –

Supervisors, construction trades, n.e.c. ................... 17.59 4.2 42.4 19.38 .7 44.1 15.23 2.3 40.3

Carpenters ............................................................... 14.75 7.4 40.0 13.45 .8 40.0 – – –

Electricians .............................................................. 16.24 4.6 40.0 17.35 3.3 40.0 – – –

Electrical power installers and repairers .................. 16.88 4.8 40.0 17.01 5.2 40.0 – – –

Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ..................... 15.90 9.1 40.0 15.90 9.1 40.0 – – –

Construction trades, n.e.c. ....................................... 12.84 5.9 35.9 13.65 6.4 34.7 – – –

Supervisors, production ........................................... 18.10 2.3 41.0 18.35 2.3 41.4 – – –

Machinists ................................................................ – – – 14.49 1.3 40.0 – – –

Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers ...... – – – 7.56 8.4 39.2 – – –

Butchers and meat cutters ....................................... 11.27 7.2 40.0 10.77 5.0 40.0 – – –

Inspectors, testers, and graders .............................. 13.89 3.3 35.7 13.89 3.3 35.7 – – –

Water and sewer treatment plant operators ............ 11.22 10.5 40.0 12.82 1.6 40.0 – – –

Power plant operators .............................................. 17.31 1.9 40.0 17.31 1.9 40.0 – – –

Miscellaneous plant and system operators, n.e.c. ... 18.12 2.8 40.0 18.12 2.8 40.0 – – –

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ........... 10.84 4.0 39.9 11.62 1.8 39.7 10.19 8.3 40.1

Punching and stamping press operators ................. 9.97 4.9 40.0 9.97 4.9 40.0 – – –

Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c. ..................... 9.64 1.8 39.8 9.80 1.1 39.7 – – –

Printing press operators ........................................... 13.80 4.7 37.5 13.80 4.7 37.5 – – –

Textile sewing machine operators ........................... 7.71 12.6 40.0 6.90 14.8 40.0 – – –

Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators ..... 6.57 3.3 37.9 6.63 3.9 38.5 – – –

Packaging and filling machine operators ................. – – – 9.42 6.7 40.0 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
139

Table 8-8. East South Central census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan

areas3 for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors

–Continued

Mixing and blending machine operators .................. $13.64 4.1 41.1 $14.78 3.1 40.0 – – –

Painting and paint spraying machine operators ....... – – – 12.10 4.7 40.0 – – –

Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food ....... 11.39 7.9 40.0 13.42 11.4 40.0 – – –

Slicing and cutting machine operators ..................... 11.67 15.0 39.9 12.41 4.2 39.5 – – –

Photographic process machine operators ............... 12.95 23.7 40.0 12.95 23.7 40.0 – – –

Miscellaneous machine operators, n.e.c. ................ 12.97 15.7 40.0 12.78 4.3 40.0 $13.06 23.3 40.0

Welders and cutters ................................................. 12.73 8.4 39.6 12.73 8.4 39.6 – – –

Assemblers .............................................................. 11.22 5.5 39.7 11.78 6.0 39.6 – – –

Miscellaneous hand working, n.e.c. ......................... 7.41 6.4 40.0 7.25 11.2 40.0 – – –

Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ..... 8.81 23.4 40.1 12.96 13.4 40.3 – – –

Production testers .................................................... 15.16 8.7 40.1 15.16 8.7 40.1 – – –

Transportation and material moving ............................... 12.42 6.0 41.0 11.96 2.3 42.5 13.29 15.6 38.4

Truck drivers ............................................................ 12.40 3.8 44.7 11.71 4.5 44.9 14.87 3.1 44.0

Driver-sales workers ................................................ 11.16 5.7 40.2 11.16 5.7 40.2 – – –

Bus drivers ............................................................... 10.25 8.4 24.8 11.62 5.9 29.2 8.98 7.0 21.8

Motor transportation, n.e.c. ...................................... 11.46 18.7 40.0 11.53 20.8 40.0 – – –

Marine engineers ..................................................... 11.68 21.2 57.9 11.68 21.2 57.9 – – –

Supervisors, material moving equipment ................. – – – 19.75 2.9 40.0 – – –

Excavating and loading machine operators ............. 12.67 10.9 39.5 – – – – – –

Grader, dozer, and scrapper operators ................... 8.33 2.7 40.0 – – – – – –

Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ..... 9.87 3.1 40.0 10.26 1.1 40.0 – – –

Miscellaneous material moving equipment

operators, n.e.c. ..................................................... 11.66 7.4 33.3 11.69 7.8 33.0 – – –

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ... 8.55 1.1 37.5 8.81 .5 35.6 8.34 2.2 39.3

Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm ......... – – – 8.63 9.5 40.0 – – –

Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and

laborers, n.e.c. ....................................................... 12.39 5.2 40.7 12.75 5.0 40.9 – – –

Helpers, mechanics and repairers ........................... 10.58 4.6 39.9 10.72 4.2 39.8 – – –

Helpers, construction trades .................................... 9.66 1.7 40.0 9.66 1.7 40.0 – – –

Construction laborers ............................................... 8.19 3.7 39.6 7.73 4.0 39.5 – – –

Production helpers ................................................... 8.74 12.0 39.6 10.13 2.6 38.0 – – –

Stock handlers and baggers .................................... 7.51 3.3 33.3 7.44 3.3 30.1 7.58 5.9 38.0

Machine feeders and offbearers .............................. 9.70 6.2 39.7 8.87 .5 38.9 – – –

Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c. ............ 9.62 3.8 36.1 10.28 2.8 32.1 9.06 7.1 40.5

Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners ............... 7.96 6.6 22.8 8.11 7.0 30.9 – – –

Hand packers and packagers .................................. 7.09 4.7 36.5 7.35 7.4 33.0 – – –

Laborers, except construction, n.e.c. ....................... 8.18 3.8 39.2 8.56 4.9 38.9 7.32 2.0 40.0

Service .................................................................................... 7.57 .7 36.3 7.92 1.5 33.4 – – –

Protective service ........................................................ 10.31 2.9 40.3 11.60 2.3 40.3 – – –

Supervisors, firefighters and fire prevention ............ 14.18 6.5 52.4 15.31 1.7 51.5 – – –

Supervisors, police and detectives .......................... 17.24 6.3 40.2 17.83 5.8 40.2 – – –

Firefighting ............................................................... 10.02 2.2 52.0 10.20 2.3 52.6 – – –

Police and detectives, public service ....................... 13.93 3.5 37.4 13.99 3.2 36.9 – – –

Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers 11.92 1.9 39.6 13.16 2.9 38.6 11.24 2.0 40.2

Correctional institution officers ................................. 10.47 3.2 39.8 10.94 2.0 39.8 – – –

Guards and police, except public service ................ – – – 7.52 2.5 37.0 – – –

Protective service, n.e.c. .......................................... 8.98 3.9 35.6 9.55 2.9 34.3 – – –

Food service ................................................................ 5.76 1.7 36.1 6.49 2.8 30.7 – – –

Supervisors, food preparation and service .............. 9.17 6.1 39.4 9.88 5.3 39.2 – – –

Bartenders ............................................................... 5.92 10.3 37.1 – – – – – –

Waiters and waitresses ............................................ – – – 2.71 3.7 27.1 – – –

Cooks ....................................................................... 6.99 3.6 32.6 7.71 2.1 33.2 5.96 .9 31.7

Food counter, fountain, and related ......................... 5.65 2.4 26.6 5.66 2.6 28.4 – – –

Kitchen workers, food preparation ........................... 7.37 5.1 33.7 8.00 1.8 34.3 6.39 9.7 32.7

Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ............................... 5.47 4.3 22.4 5.55 4.4 23.3 – – –

Food preparation, n.e.c. ........................................... – – – 6.23 3.2 29.2 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
140

Table 8-8. East South Central census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan

areas3 for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Service –Continued

Health service .............................................................. $7.12 1.9 36.7 $7.68 1.9 36.6 $6.16 0.9 36.9

Health aides, except nursing ................................... 8.55 7.3 33.7 9.38 2.7 35.6 – – –

Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants .................. 6.85 1.4 37.3 7.31 1.0 36.8 6.11 1.3 38.2

Cleaning and building service ...................................... 7.83 1.2 37.6 7.80 2.3 35.2 – – –

Supervisors, cleaning and building service workers – – – 10.89 4.6 39.7 – – –

Maids and housemen .............................................. 5.90 1.9 38.5 6.18 2.3 37.6 – – –

Janitors and cleaners ............................................... 7.51 .0 34.7 7.58 .6 34.3 7.19 .8 36.4

Personal service .......................................................... – – – 7.04 2.3 27.0 – – –

Supervisors, personal service .................................. – – – 9.32 4.6 26.8 – – –

Attendants, amusement, and recreation facilities .... – – – 6.79 4.0 22.4 – – –

Baggage porters and bellhops ................................. 6.62 1.6 31.3 6.62 1.6 31.3 – – –

Early childhood teachers’ assistants ........................ 7.38 2.8 32.2 7.38 4.7 27.7 – – –

Child care workers, n.e.c. ........................................ 6.92 2.5 31.7 6.70 4.2 28.1 – – –

Service, n.e.c. .......................................................... – – – 6.62 7.0 25.3 – – –

1 The East South Central census division consists of Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama,

and Mississippi. 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They

include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium

pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is

computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,

weighted by hours. 3 Metropolitan areas can be a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) or Consolidated

Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) as defined by the Office of Management and Budget,

1994. Nonmetropolitan areas are counties that do not fit the definitions above. For more

information, see appendix E.

4 In this census division, collection was conducted between October 1996 and May

1998. The average reference period was December 1997. 5 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all

workers in the civilian economy. For more information, see appendix B. 6 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the

estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For

more information about RSEs, see appendix A.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication

criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may

include data for categories not shown separately. 
141

Table 8-9. West South Central census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan

areas3 for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

All ................................................................................................ $13.82 1.0 37.2 $14.13 1.2 37.2 $11.88 4.0 37.3

All excluding sales ............................................................... 13.94 1.0 37.5 14.27 1.1 37.5 11.97 4.0 37.6

White collar ............................................................................ 17.23 1.6 37.6 17.45 1.8 37.7 15.30 3.0 37.1

White collar excluding sales ............................................ 17.99 1.5 38.3 18.25 1.7 38.4 15.79 3.0 37.9

Professional specialty and technical ............................... 20.57 1.8 37.7 21.07 1.9 37.7 17.42 3.1 37.5

Professional specialty ...................................................... 22.36 2.0 37.6 23.01 1.8 37.7 18.47 4.7 37.4

Engineers, architects, and surveyors ........................... 28.98 2.0 40.9 29.09 1.9 40.9 27.16 14.3 40.0

Petroleum engineers ................................................ 35.20 7.2 40.8 34.55 8.0 40.9 – – –

Chemical engineers ................................................. 29.19 5.7 40.9 29.19 5.7 40.9 – – –

Civil engineers ......................................................... 29.96 8.9 42.4 29.97 9.0 42.4 – – –

Electrical and electronic engineers .......................... 29.30 1.8 40.6 29.30 1.8 40.6 – – –

Industrial engineers ................................................. 22.50 4.5 41.6 23.30 4.4 41.9 – – –

Mechanical engineers .............................................. 25.95 4.2 41.4 25.95 4.2 41.4 – – –

Engineers, n.e.c. ...................................................... 30.30 3.2 40.8 30.48 3.2 40.8 – – –

Mathematical and computer scientists ......................... 25.25 2.7 40.3 25.61 2.4 40.4 – – –

Computer systems analysts and scientists .............. 25.45 2.6 40.3 25.85 2.1 40.3 – – –

Operations and systems researchers and analysts 23.76 5.2 41.6 23.76 5.2 41.6 – – –

Natural scientists ......................................................... 24.39 8.7 40.1 24.86 9.1 40.1 – – –

Chemists, except biochemists ................................. 22.37 12.0 40.0 22.37 12.0 40.0 – – –

Geologists and geodesists ....................................... 35.02 9.4 40.3 35.87 9.6 40.3 – – –

Physical scientists, n.e.c. ......................................... 18.64 9.1 40.0 19.37 10.3 40.0 – – –

Biological and life scientists ..................................... 25.75 23.3 40.3 25.75 23.3 40.3 – – –

Medical scientists ..................................................... 13.33 5.1 39.6 13.33 5.1 39.6 – – –

Health related .............................................................. 19.45 2.1 36.4 19.93 2.2 36.3 16.49 3.3 37.6

Physicians ................................................................ 29.49 33.0 45.3 29.49 33.0 45.3 – – –

Registered nurses .................................................... 18.96 1.7 36.3 19.33 1.8 36.2 16.86 2.8 37.0

Pharmacists ............................................................. 24.43 3.4 38.3 24.43 3.4 38.3 – – –

Dietitians .................................................................. 13.74 12.6 38.9 16.14 7.5 38.1 – – –

Respiratory therapists .............................................. 16.37 3.3 34.3 15.81 2.0 32.9 – – –

Occupational therapists ........................................... 17.67 19.6 36.5 17.67 19.6 36.5 – – –

Physical therapists ................................................... 23.43 5.7 37.6 23.43 5.7 37.6 – – –

Speech therapists .................................................... 22.04 6.2 36.5 23.58 2.4 35.8 – – –

Therapists, n.e.c. ..................................................... 15.26 7.7 33.2 15.41 10.8 31.3 – – –

Teachers, college and university ................................. 30.15 4.3 32.4 30.78 4.5 32.4 24.51 3.7 32.1

Mathematical science teachers ............................... 28.29 10.4 33.5 31.48 7.9 30.4 – – –

Computer science teachers ..................................... 23.29 2.2 16.7 – – – – – –

Medical science teachers ........................................ 37.91 12.5 37.6 37.91 12.5 37.6 – – –

Health specialities teachers ..................................... 25.60 15.5 34.8 25.60 15.5 34.8 – – –

Business, commerce, and marketing teachers ........ 25.31 15.9 37.2 25.31 15.9 37.2 – – –

Trade and industrial teachers .................................. 20.94 17.5 35.2 17.08 17.3 32.6 – – –

Teachers, post secondary, subject not specified ..... 44.14 11.9 29.3 44.60 11.9 32.6 – – –

Teachers, post secondary, n.e.c. ............................. 25.79 2.4 32.3 25.67 2.8 32.0 – – –

Teachers, except college and university ...................... 21.55 2.2 36.9 22.25 1.2 36.8 19.40 7.2 37.1

Prekindergarten and kindergarten ........................... 19.71 10.9 37.3 19.33 12.3 37.1 – – –

Elementary school teachers .................................... 21.71 2.2 38.3 22.42 1.3 38.2 19.49 7.4 38.4

Secondary school teachers ..................................... 21.97 3.4 38.6 23.24 1.1 38.5 19.61 8.5 38.7

Teachers, special education .................................... 22.39 2.0 36.9 22.13 2.1 36.8 – – –

Teachers, n.e.c. ....................................................... 21.23 5.6 35.3 22.07 3.7 36.2 – – –

Substitute teachers .................................................. 6.24 4.7 13.0 6.49 4.3 13.8 – – –

Vocational and educational counselors ................... 23.42 5.0 37.7 23.36 5.1 37.7 – – –

Librarians, archivists, and curators .............................. 16.07 13.5 38.9 18.45 6.4 38.6 – – –

Librarians ................................................................. 16.20 15.5 38.7 19.05 7.0 38.3 – – –

Social scientists and urban planners ........................... 18.87 5.9 38.7 18.58 5.9 38.9 – – –

Economists .............................................................. 17.88 11.9 40.1 17.88 11.9 40.1 – – –

Psychologists ........................................................... 22.91 3.2 36.0 22.61 3.7 36.3 – – –

Urban planners ........................................................ 22.23 7.0 39.4 22.23 7.0 39.4 – – –

Social, recreation, and religious workers ..................... 12.48 1.8 39.5 12.69 1.6 39.5 11.63 5.1 39.8

Social workers ......................................................... 12.63 1.7 39.6 12.82 1.5 39.5 11.88 5.8 40.0

Recreation workers .................................................. 10.39 9.5 36.1 11.05 12.5 35.3 – – –

Lawyers and judges ..................................................... 34.55 6.4 38.2 34.59 6.7 38.2 – – –

Lawyers ................................................................... 33.92 6.9 38.3 34.18 6.9 38.3 – – –

Judges ..................................................................... 41.06 1.6 37.7 41.11 2.5 36.6 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
142

Table 8-9. West South Central census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan

areas3 for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Professional specialty –Continued

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and

professionals, n.e.c. ................................................... $19.34 3.7 37.5 $19.45 3.7 37.4 – – –

Technical writers ...................................................... 20.98 9.2 39.4 20.98 9.2 39.4 – – –

Designers ................................................................. 17.30 13.8 38.3 17.30 13.8 38.3 – – –

Actors and directors ................................................. 21.55 34.1 39.1 21.55 34.1 39.1 – – –

Painters, sculptors, craft artists, and artist

printmakers ............................................................ 12.14 8.8 40.0 – – – – – –

Editors and reporters ............................................... 18.49 6.0 40.3 18.49 6.0 40.3 – – –

Public relations specialists ....................................... 21.49 9.6 35.5 21.49 9.6 35.5 – – –

Professional, n.e.c. .................................................. 23.62 5.9 37.4 23.81 5.9 37.4 – – –

Technical ......................................................................... 15.34 2.6 37.9 15.57 2.9 38.0 $13.64 9.1 37.6

Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians .... 13.38 3.6 37.5 13.11 3.9 37.3 – – –

Health record technologists and technicians ........... 10.74 5.5 38.3 10.74 5.6 38.2 – – –

Radiological technicians .......................................... 14.88 3.0 37.6 15.51 3.4 39.6 – – –

Licensed practical nurses ........................................ 11.91 2.7 37.4 12.36 3.2 37.6 10.29 2.0 36.6

Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c. ............ 11.80 4.8 35.7 11.65 5.3 35.2 – – –

Electrical and electronic technicians ........................ 16.44 6.2 39.9 16.56 6.4 39.9 – – –

Mechanical engineering technicians ........................ 20.24 20.6 42.3 20.24 20.6 42.3 – – –

Engineering technicians, n.e.c. ................................ 16.49 6.4 39.8 16.81 6.4 39.8 – – –

Drafters .................................................................... 16.37 7.1 40.1 16.54 7.1 40.2 – – –

Surveying and mapping technicians ........................ 14.43 9.8 40.0 14.43 9.8 40.0 – – –

Biological technicians .............................................. 12.63 9.1 40.0 12.65 11.3 40.0 – – –

Chemical technicians ............................................... 17.15 8.1 40.2 17.15 8.1 40.2 – – –

Science technicians, n.e.c. ...................................... 17.45 11.6 40.0 17.45 11.6 40.0 – – –

Airplane pilots and navigators .................................. 46.37 18.1 27.0 57.43 14.0 22.2 – – –

Computer programmers ........................................... 19.02 4.4 40.6 19.02 4.4 40.6 – – –

Legal assistants ....................................................... 14.95 4.0 39.9 14.95 4.0 39.9 – – –

Technical and related, n.e.c. .................................... 15.00 6.3 38.8 15.00 6.3 38.8 – – –

Executive, administrative, and managerial ..................... 26.16 1.6 40.5 26.50 1.7 40.7 22.22 6.0 38.3

Executives, administrators, and managers .................. 29.65 2.0 40.6 30.17 2.0 40.9 24.11 6.5 37.7

Legislators ............................................................... 5.17 28.6 37.4 5.17 28.6 37.4 – – –

Administrators and officials, public administration ... 24.85 7.3 38.5 25.47 7.4 40.3 – – –

Financial managers ................................................. 28.96 4.9 41.4 29.04 4.9 41.4 – – –

Personnel and labor relations managers ................. 29.54 7.5 40.3 29.05 8.9 40.7 – – –

Purchasing managers .............................................. 29.29 6.6 40.9 28.43 7.8 41.1 – – –

Managers, marketing, advertising, and public

relations ................................................................. 33.91 5.1 40.7 33.91 5.1 40.7 – – –

Administrators, education and related fields ............ 28.49 4.2 39.8 29.52 4.5 40.3 25.34 9.6 38.3

Managers, medicine and health ............................... 23.89 5.2 39.9 25.34 3.1 39.9 – – –

Managers, food servicing and lodging

establishments ....................................................... 17.44 17.5 40.3 17.44 17.5 40.3 – – –

Managers, properties and real estate ...................... 23.47 28.3 39.8 23.47 28.3 39.8 – – –

Managers, service organizations, n.e.c. .................. 20.54 12.6 39.5 20.54 12.6 39.5 – – –

Managers and administrators, n.e.c. ....................... 33.60 2.8 41.4 34.29 2.4 41.5 25.19 9.0 40.6

Management related .................................................... 20.59 1.9 40.4 20.76 2.1 40.4 18.16 8.6 39.6

Accountants and auditors ........................................ 20.48 3.4 40.5 20.43 3.4 40.5 – – –

Underwriters ............................................................ 18.10 12.2 41.1 18.10 12.2 41.1 – – –

Other financial officers ............................................. 25.20 5.5 41.4 25.16 5.8 41.5 – – –

Management analysts .............................................. 26.04 7.2 40.3 26.04 7.2 40.3 – – –

Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists .. 18.65 5.5 40.8 18.48 4.9 40.9 – – –

Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm

products ................................................................. 22.69 23.6 41.1 22.69 23.6 41.1 – – –

Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c. ..................... 20.52 7.0 41.4 20.52 7.0 41.4 – – –

Construction inspectors ........................................... 14.54 9.4 40.0 17.12 7.3 40.0 – – –

Inspectors and compliance officers, except

construction ........................................................... 18.44 5.7 40.0 18.48 3.3 40.0 – – –

Management related, n.e.c. ..................................... 19.59 3.6 39.3 20.03 3.2 39.4 – – –

Sales ................................................................................... 12.25 3.5 33.7 12.45 3.8 34.0 8.86 5.8 29.6

See footnotes at end of table.
143

Table 8-9. West South Central census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan

areas3 for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Sales –Continued

Supervisors, sales ................................................... $18.27 4.4 42.0 $18.61 4.4 42.1 – – –

Securities and financial services sales .................... 12.38 4.1 39.1 12.38 4.1 39.1 – – –

Advertising and related sales ................................... 19.59 10.3 42.0 19.59 10.3 42.0 – – –

Sales, other business services ................................ 16.64 7.0 39.6 16.64 7.0 39.6 – – –

Sales engineers ....................................................... 26.13 6.1 43.2 26.13 6.1 43.2 – – –

Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and

wholesale ............................................................... 17.92 11.5 41.2 17.92 11.5 41.2 – – –

Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats ................ 16.39 6.1 45.6 16.39 6.1 45.6 – – –

Sales workers, apparel ............................................ 8.01 12.2 23.5 8.01 12.2 23.5 – – –

Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings ........ 12.75 16.2 28.3 12.75 16.2 28.3 – – –

Sales workers, radio, tv, hi-fi, and appliances ......... 10.53 15.8 37.5 10.53 15.8 37.5 – – –

Sales workers, hardware and building supplies ....... 9.55 10.7 36.1 9.55 10.7 36.1 – – –

Sales workers, parts ................................................ 11.95 7.9 40.7 11.95 7.9 40.7 – – –

Sales workers, other commodities ........................... 11.06 6.7 33.2 11.18 7.0 33.2 – – –

Sales counter clerks ................................................ 7.43 6.3 32.9 7.46 6.4 34.6 – – –

Cashiers ................................................................... 6.72 2.4 28.5 6.64 1.5 28.8 $7.27 9.7 27.0

Demonstrators, promoters, and models, sales ........ 11.24 7.4 33.0 11.24 7.4 33.0 – – –

Sales support, n.e.c. ................................................ 12.97 8.5 40.8 12.97 8.5 40.8 – – –

Administrative support, including clerical ...................... 10.30 1.3 38.0 10.37 1.3 38.0 9.51 7.9 38.4

Supervisors, general office ...................................... 13.65 2.0 39.7 13.66 2.0 39.8 – – –

Supervisors, financial records processing ............... 16.77 4.1 41.2 16.77 4.1 41.2 – – –

Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and adjusting

clerks ..................................................................... 15.39 5.9 40.8 15.39 5.9 40.8 – – –

Computer operators ................................................. 11.60 3.6 38.7 11.60 3.6 38.7 – – –

Secretaries ............................................................... 11.27 2.2 39.1 11.66 1.3 39.0 8.99 10.6 39.4

Stenographers ......................................................... 14.93 6.5 39.9 14.93 6.5 39.9 – – –

Typists ..................................................................... 9.22 3.1 37.0 9.36 3.4 36.8 – – –

Interviewers ............................................................. 8.82 9.8 38.6 9.15 10.7 38.4 – – –

Hotel clerks .............................................................. 6.87 4.0 38.2 6.87 4.0 38.2 – – –

Transportation ticket and reservation agents ........... 11.58 10.0 37.2 11.58 10.0 37.2 – – –

Receptionists ........................................................... 7.98 2.1 36.7 8.09 1.9 36.9 – – –

Information clerks, n.e.c. .......................................... 9.52 4.5 39.1 9.53 4.5 39.2 – – –

Correspondence clerks ............................................ 12.74 10.5 39.5 12.74 10.5 39.5 – – –

Order clerks ............................................................. 10.45 5.4 38.5 10.64 5.8 38.4 – – –

Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping ... 10.62 4.1 35.3 10.62 4.1 35.3 – – –

Library clerks ........................................................... 7.99 4.6 31.9 8.71 3.1 28.5 – – –

File clerks ................................................................. 8.43 6.9 37.1 8.43 6.9 37.1 – – –

Records clerks, n.e.c. .............................................. 9.26 2.2 38.2 9.60 2.4 38.0 7.78 4.0 39.2

Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ......... 9.99 1.6 38.6 9.90 1.5 38.7 10.93 5.1 37.4

Payroll and timekeeping clerks ................................ 11.26 6.2 40.0 11.26 6.2 40.0 – – –

Billing clerks ............................................................. 11.10 5.3 39.7 11.22 5.4 39.6 – – –

Cost and rate clerks ................................................. 11.78 14.6 39.7 11.78 14.6 39.7 – – –

Duplicating machine operators ................................ 8.17 7.8 36.7 8.17 7.8 36.7 – – –

Telephone operators ................................................ 8.66 6.3 38.8 8.66 6.3 38.8 – – –

Mail clerks, except postal service ............................ 8.20 3.7 36.9 8.20 3.7 36.9 – – –

Messengers ............................................................. 8.55 11.5 38.4 8.55 11.5 38.4 – – –

Dispatchers .............................................................. 10.97 8.7 39.4 11.51 10.1 40.6 – – –

Production coordinators ........................................... 12.90 4.1 39.7 13.13 4.5 39.6 – – –

Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ....................... 9.08 3.2 37.7 9.16 3.0 37.4 – – –

Stock and inventory clerks ....................................... 9.30 3.2 39.7 9.35 3.6 39.7 8.83 2.2 39.8

Meter readers .......................................................... 10.70 10.0 39.6 10.70 10.0 39.6 – – –

Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers ....... 11.71 10.9 40.0 11.71 10.9 40.0 – – –

Expeditors ................................................................ 13.29 10.6 40.0 13.29 10.6 40.0 – – –

Material recording, scheduling, and distribution

clerks, n.e.c. ........................................................... 13.77 13.9 39.1 11.22 7.1 38.8 – – –

Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators .. 13.55 6.2 39.0 13.55 6.2 39.0 – – –

Investigators and adjusters, except insurance ......... 12.32 4.8 37.8 12.32 4.8 37.8 – – –

Eligibility clerks, social welfare ................................. 8.78 2.9 39.8 8.78 2.9 39.8 – – –

Bill and account collectors ....................................... 10.95 3.6 38.6 11.07 3.8 40.0 – – –

General office clerks ................................................ 9.44 1.7 36.8 9.48 1.7 36.6 8.89 8.3 40.0

See footnotes at end of table.
144

Table 8-9. West South Central census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan

areas3 for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Administrative support, including clerical –Continued

Bank tellers .............................................................. $7.73 2.6 28.2 $7.75 2.9 27.5 – – –

Data entry keyers ..................................................... 8.92 3.1 37.4 8.91 3.2 37.4 – – –

Statistical clerks ....................................................... 9.55 9.2 38.7 10.41 5.6 38.6 – – –

Teachers’ aides ....................................................... 8.06 1.2 38.2 8.03 1.2 38.2 $8.26 4.3 38.7

Administrative support, n.e.c. .................................. 10.70 6.0 37.8 10.28 2.3 37.5 14.57 40.0 40.0

Blue collar .............................................................................. 11.29 1.8 38.8 11.37 1.9 38.8 10.97 5.2 38.8

Precision production, craft, and repair ............................ 14.81 2.2 39.9 14.80 1.6 40.0 14.87 9.5 39.7

Supervisors, mechanics and repairers .................... 22.32 5.3 40.6 22.07 5.5 40.6 – – –

Automobile mechanics ............................................. 15.06 4.2 42.9 15.22 4.4 43.0 – – –

Automobile mechanic apprentices ........................... 10.04 20.6 40.0 10.04 20.6 40.0 – – –

Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics .......... 11.95 9.9 40.2 13.62 3.6 40.4 – – –

Aircraft engine mechanics ....................................... 20.39 13.4 40.1 17.08 5.0 40.0 – – –

Automobile body and related repairers .................... 15.28 12.6 41.4 15.28 12.6 41.4 – – –

Aircraft mechanics, except engine ........................... 17.02 10.1 40.4 17.02 10.1 40.4 – – –

Heavy equipment mechanics ................................... 14.04 9.4 40.6 14.13 9.7 40.4 – – –

Industrial machinery repairers ................................. 15.58 7.2 40.0 15.08 4.5 40.1 – – –

Machinery maintenance ........................................... 10.55 4.5 40.0 11.08 7.8 40.0 – – –

Electronic repairers, communications and industrial

equipment .............................................................. 16.77 6.4 38.4 16.77 6.4 38.4 – – –

Data processing equipment repairers ...................... 13.96 3.4 40.0 – – – – – –

Telephone line installers and repairers .................... 17.54 11.8 40.0 17.54 11.8 40.0 – – –

Telephone installers and repairers .......................... 15.29 17.0 40.0 15.29 17.0 40.0 – – –

Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration

mechanics .............................................................. 14.68 6.5 40.0 14.68 6.5 40.0 – – –

Millwrights ................................................................ 16.10 10.4 40.0 16.10 10.4 40.0 – – –

Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c. ............................... 14.46 3.3 38.6 14.19 3.5 39.5 16.77 14.9 32.1

Supervisors, carpenters and related workers .......... 15.41 8.2 44.6 15.41 8.2 44.6 – – –

Supervisors, electricians and power transmission

installers ................................................................. 17.91 14.3 40.0 19.93 8.2 40.0 – – –

Supervisors, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 15.59 7.1 40.5 15.59 7.1 40.5 – – –

Supervisors, construction trades, n.e.c. ................... 13.51 10.1 40.8 14.65 10.4 41.1 – – –

Carpenters ............................................................... 12.75 7.2 38.6 12.90 7.6 38.5 – – –

Electricians .............................................................. 16.42 5.0 40.0 15.97 3.4 40.0 – – –

Electrician apprentices ............................................. 9.01 3.8 40.0 9.01 3.8 40.0 – – –

Electrical power installers and repairers .................. 18.80 9.7 40.0 21.93 1.2 40.0 – – –

Painters, construction and maintenance .................. 10.65 4.4 40.0 10.65 4.4 40.0 – – –

Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ..................... 14.14 4.7 40.3 14.54 4.5 40.3 – – –

Insulation workers .................................................... 11.92 6.1 31.2 11.92 6.1 31.2 – – –

Structural metal workers .......................................... 14.18 7.2 40.0 14.18 7.2 40.0 – – –

Construction trades, n.e.c. ....................................... 11.22 5.4 40.0 11.31 5.8 40.0 – – –

Supervisors, extractive ............................................ 17.15 13.8 39.0 – – – – – –

Drillers, oil well ......................................................... 16.81 .6 41.3 16.81 .6 41.3 – – –

Mining, n.e.c. ........................................................... 19.76 3.9 40.2 – – – 20.12 3.2 40.1

Supervisors, production ........................................... 18.30 3.5 40.4 18.92 3.6 40.5 – – –

Precision assemblers, metal .................................... 14.21 9.8 40.0 14.21 9.8 40.0 – – –

Machinists ................................................................ 15.68 5.2 39.1 15.68 5.2 39.1 – – –

Boilermakers ............................................................ 15.45 4.7 40.0 15.45 4.7 40.0 – – –

Sheet metal workers ................................................ 12.93 7.8 40.0 12.93 7.8 40.0 – – –

Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers ...... 8.84 3.4 40.0 8.87 5.7 40.0 – – –

Miscellaneous precision workers, n.e.c. .................. 15.62 21.0 36.8 – – – – – –

Bakers ...................................................................... 7.23 4.0 39.4 7.43 6.6 38.9 – – –

Food batchmakers ................................................... 7.54 8.2 36.2 7.54 8.2 36.2 – – –

Inspectors, testers, and graders .............................. 14.92 6.2 41.6 14.19 4.8 41.7 – – –

Water and sewer treatment plant operators ............ 12.03 4.5 39.5 12.03 4.5 39.5 – – –

Power plant operators .............................................. 18.44 5.7 40.0 18.44 5.7 40.0 – – –

Stationary engineers ................................................ 13.99 7.1 40.0 13.99 7.1 40.0 – – –

Miscellaneous plant and system operators, n.e.c. ... 20.43 1.6 39.7 20.78 1.6 39.6 – – –

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ........... 9.50 3.0 39.5 9.57 2.7 39.4 9.25 10.0 39.8

See footnotes at end of table.
145

Table 8-9. West South Central census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan

areas3 for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors

–Continued

Lathe and turning machine operators ...................... $10.54 9.0 40.0 $10.54 9.0 40.0 – – –

Punching and stamping press operators ................. – – – 8.33 9.7 40.0 – – –

Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine

operators ................................................................ 9.22 8.1 40.0 8.21 9.8 40.0 – – –

Numerical control machine operators ...................... 14.20 6.9 40.0 14.20 6.9 40.0 – – –

Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c. ..................... 11.37 7.1 40.0 11.11 9.1 40.0 – – –

Molding and casting machine operators .................. – – – 10.37 9.0 40.0 – – –

Printing press operators ........................................... 12.43 7.0 40.5 12.43 7.0 40.5 – – –

Photoengravers and lithographers ........................... 15.47 7.9 41.1 15.47 7.9 41.1 – – –

Textile sewing machine operators ........................... 6.96 1.8 39.9 6.89 1.8 39.8 – – –

Pressing machine operators .................................... 7.11 5.5 39.8 7.11 5.5 39.8 – – –

Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators ..... 6.54 3.5 39.6 6.64 3.5 39.7 – – –

Packaging and filling machine operators ................. 7.87 8.9 40.0 9.31 4.3 40.0 $7.20 11.3 40.0

Extruding and forming machine operators ............... 12.44 8.0 40.1 12.44 8.0 40.1 – – –

Mixing and blending machine operators .................. 9.70 8.2 40.0 9.70 8.2 40.0 – – –

Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine

operators ................................................................ 13.56 2.6 40.4 13.56 2.6 40.4 – – –

Painting and paint spraying machine operators ....... 10.27 8.4 40.0 10.27 8.4 40.0 – – –

Slicing and cutting machine operators ..................... 11.09 9.7 40.3 9.96 12.2 40.5 – – –

Photographic process machine operators ............... 8.26 10.0 35.4 – – – – – –

Miscellaneous machine operators, n.e.c. ................ 9.38 3.0 39.7 9.44 3.6 39.5 9.24 5.6 40.0

Welders and cutters ................................................. 11.63 3.3 40.1 11.60 3.4 40.1 – – –

Assemblers .............................................................. 10.59 10.2 39.3 10.50 10.8 39.3 – – –

Hand painting, coating, and decorating ................... 8.89 6.1 40.0 8.89 6.1 40.0 – – –

Miscellaneous hand working, n.e.c. ......................... 8.76 7.3 33.1 8.17 7.1 31.3 – – –

Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ..... 10.22 6.1 40.0 10.37 5.1 40.0 – – –

Production testers .................................................... 8.25 11.5 39.9 10.03 10.1 39.8 – – –

Transportation and material moving ............................... 11.85 4.4 39.8 12.05 4.8 39.9 10.46 5.0 38.8

Supervisors, motor vehicle operators ...................... 11.89 11.6 42.0 13.90 7.0 43.5 – – –

Truck drivers ............................................................ 12.56 8.2 41.3 12.70 8.9 41.2 11.38 7.7 42.0

Driver-sales workers ................................................ 11.55 3.9 45.7 11.55 3.9 45.7 – – –

Bus drivers ............................................................... 10.34 5.4 30.5 10.38 5.6 31.5 – – –

Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs ................................ 5.65 1.8 34.6 5.65 1.8 34.6 – – –

Motor transportation, n.e.c. ...................................... 5.65 4.5 30.8 5.65 4.5 30.8 – – –

Ship captains and mates, except fishing boats ........ 16.32 7.0 50.9 16.32 7.0 50.9 – – –

Sailors and deckhands ............................................ 7.71 .8 55.5 7.71 .8 55.5 – – –

Supervisors, material moving equipment ................. 17.40 10.9 48.9 17.80 11.0 50.2 – – –

Operating engineers ................................................ 14.26 10.2 40.0 14.26 10.2 40.0 – – –

Crane and tower operators ...................................... 12.54 9.7 42.5 12.54 9.7 42.5 – – –

Excavating and loading machine operators ............. 10.38 6.8 40.7 10.38 6.8 40.7 – – –

Grader, dozer, and scrapper operators ................... 9.74 5.6 40.1 11.10 5.1 40.3 9.19 5.3 40.0

Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ..... 10.29 4.7 39.2 9.76 4.2 39.0 – – –

Miscellaneous material moving equipment

operators, n.e.c. ..................................................... 14.72 11.8 39.2 15.20 11.0 39.1 – – –

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ... 7.89 1.3 36.3 7.87 1.3 36.2 7.95 3.6 36.7

Supervisors, agriculture-related workers ................. 10.76 20.1 38.7 10.76 20.1 38.7 – – –

Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm ......... 7.94 7.4 39.2 7.44 5.3 39.1 – – –

Animal caretakers, except farm ............................... 6.77 9.4 39.0 6.77 9.4 39.0 – – –

Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and

laborers, n.e.c. ....................................................... 12.36 3.7 40.9 12.05 5.3 41.4 – – –

Helpers, mechanics and repairers ........................... 7.86 4.2 38.8 8.15 4.2 38.4 – – –

Helpers, construction trades .................................... 8.10 2.4 40.7 8.10 2.4 40.7 – – –

Construction laborers ............................................... 7.31 2.3 40.0 7.40 2.4 40.0 – – –

Production helpers ................................................... 8.22 4.6 39.6 8.21 4.7 39.6 – – –

Garbage collectors ................................................... 8.11 9.2 33.3 8.11 9.2 33.3 – – –

Stevedores ............................................................... 14.87 15.5 40.0 14.87 15.5 40.0 – – –

Stock handlers and baggers .................................... 7.03 2.9 28.6 7.22 2.7 29.3 6.13 3.5 25.6

Machine feeders and offbearers .............................. 7.89 11.7 39.0 6.81 5.7 38.7 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
146

Table 8-9. West South Central census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan

areas3 for selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

–Continued

Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c. ............ $9.32 5.3 36.0 $8.79 3.8 35.8 – – –

Garage and service station related .......................... 7.16 13.2 37.6 – – – – – –

Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners ............... 9.01 6.7 38.9 9.42 6.2 38.6 – – –

Hand packers and packagers .................................. 7.09 4.4 36.0 7.22 4.7 37.2 – – –

Laborers, except construction, n.e.c. ....................... 7.34 2.9 38.2 7.46 4.0 37.3 – – –

Service .................................................................................... 7.52 1.3 33.5 7.64 1.2 33.3 $6.88 3.1 34.6

Protective service ........................................................ 11.06 3.0 38.3 11.48 3.2 38.2 8.94 4.6 38.6

Supervisors, firefighters and fire prevention ............ 17.14 14.7 49.3 17.14 14.7 49.3 – – –

Supervisors, police and detectives .......................... 16.01 8.6 40.1 17.38 8.2 40.2 – – –

Supervisors, guards ................................................. 13.98 13.2 39.8 15.37 13.4 39.8 – – –

Firefighting ............................................................... 11.72 4.9 47.3 12.15 3.7 49.8 – – –

Police and detectives, public service ....................... 14.84 3.1 40.0 15.52 2.5 40.0 10.91 11.3 40.0

Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers 13.27 5.0 39.6 14.53 3.5 39.4 – – –

Correctional institution officers ................................. 9.39 4.8 39.9 10.27 1.2 39.8 7.92 4.8 40.2

Crossing guards ....................................................... 5.99 4.1 17.4 5.99 4.1 17.4 – – –

Guards and police, except public service ................ 7.48 3.5 33.6 7.50 3.7 33.7 – – –

Protective service, n.e.c. .......................................... 7.02 10.2 33.5 7.02 10.2 33.5 – – –

Food service ................................................................ 5.91 1.5 31.7 5.85 1.5 31.6 6.32 6.0 32.5

Supervisors, food preparation and service .............. 10.51 4.0 38.2 10.15 3.8 37.9 – – –

Bartenders ............................................................... 5.05 6.8 29.9 5.05 6.8 29.9 – – –

Waiters and waitresses ............................................ 3.37 4.8 30.2 3.37 4.8 30.2 – – –

Cooks ....................................................................... 7.00 2.2 34.8 7.01 2.2 34.6 – – –

Food counter, fountain, and related ......................... 5.80 2.4 29.9 5.80 2.2 27.0 – – –

Kitchen workers, food preparation ........................... 6.30 1.6 32.1 6.26 1.8 32.1 6.64 4.6 31.9

Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ............................... 4.90 5.4 30.3 4.83 5.5 30.0 – – –

Food preparation, n.e.c. ........................................... 6.03 1.8 30.8 6.20 1.8 32.0 5.31 2.1 26.6

Health service .............................................................. 7.00 1.7 35.7 7.29 1.2 37.0 5.87 3.3 31.3

Dental assistants ..................................................... 8.79 7.1 40.0 8.79 7.1 40.0 – – –

Health aides, except nursing ................................... 8.06 1.7 38.1 8.07 1.6 38.0 – – –

Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants .................. 6.62 2.2 34.8 6.95 1.6 36.5 5.54 2.1 30.3

Cleaning and building service ...................................... 6.70 1.8 34.7 6.70 1.7 34.1 6.67 6.8 37.4

Supervisors, cleaning and building service workers 10.07 4.9 38.1 10.18 5.2 37.9 – – –

Maids and housemen .............................................. 5.64 2.2 35.9 5.74 1.9 36.2 – – –

Janitors and cleaners ............................................... 6.73 2.1 34.2 6.67 2.1 33.4 7.07 6.1 38.3

Personal service .......................................................... 6.90 7.3 26.9 7.05 8.0 26.1 5.98 4.9 33.1

Attendants, amusement, and recreation facilities .... 6.71 3.4 30.3 6.61 3.1 31.4 – – –

Public transportation attendants .............................. 27.43 16.5 18.5 28.17 15.7 18.3 – – –

Baggage porters and bellhops ................................. 4.16 9.3 40.0 4.16 9.3 40.0 – – –

Welfare service aides .............................................. 5.12 4.1 24.5 5.05 3.6 23.1 – – –

Early childhood teachers’ assistants ........................ 6.89 4.4 28.7 7.28 3.7 27.4 – – –

Child care workers, n.e.c. ........................................ 6.12 6.9 24.0 6.14 8.1 24.1 – – –

Service, n.e.c. .......................................................... 6.67 4.7 32.3 6.67 4.7 32.3 – – –

1 The West South Central census division consists of Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma,

and Texas. 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They

include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium

pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is

computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,

weighted by hours. 3 Metropolitan areas can be a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) or Consolidated

Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) as defined by the Office of Management and Budget,

1994. Nonmetropolitan areas are counties that do not fit the definitions above. For more

information, see appendix E.

4 In this census division, collection was conducted between October 1996 and May

1998. The average reference period was August 1997. 5 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all

workers in the civilian economy. For more information, see appendix B. 6 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the

estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For

more information about RSEs, see appendix A.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication

criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may

include data for categories not shown separately. 
147

Table 8-10. Mountain census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3 for

selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

All ................................................................................................ $14.04 1.9 36.5 $14.17 2.4 36.4 $13.51 2.4 36.6

All excluding sales ............................................................... 14.17 2.0 36.7 14.25 2.5 36.7 13.86 1.8 36.9

White collar ............................................................................ 16.98 1.5 37.2 17.04 1.8 37.2 16.75 2.7 37.2

White collar excluding sales ............................................ 17.71 1.5 37.7 17.68 1.8 37.7 17.85 2.4 37.8

Professional specialty and technical ............................... 21.58 1.3 36.9 21.47 .9 36.7 22.01 4.8 37.9

Professional specialty ...................................................... 23.22 1.4 37.1 23.14 1.0 36.8 23.50 5.1 38.0

Engineers, architects, and surveyors ........................... 26.41 3.7 41.0 28.34 1.4 41.1 21.02 3.5 40.8

Civil engineers ......................................................... 23.94 3.3 41.4 25.21 4.0 40.6 – – –

Electrical and electronic engineers .......................... 29.91 2.1 40.4 29.69 1.9 40.5 – – –

Industrial engineers ................................................. 23.00 5.1 41.7 23.00 5.1 41.7 – – –

Mechanical engineers .............................................. 21.84 7.0 40.4 25.42 2.9 41.1 – – –

Engineers, n.e.c. ...................................................... 28.91 7.6 41.6 32.71 3.7 42.3 – – –

Mathematical and computer scientists ......................... 24.15 2.7 40.7 24.31 2.6 40.7 – – –

Computer systems analysts and scientists .............. 25.13 2.8 40.7 25.36 2.7 40.7 – – –

Operations and systems researchers and analysts 19.51 7.6 40.7 19.51 7.6 40.7 – – –

Natural scientists ......................................................... 23.74 3.2 43.2 24.28 3.4 43.9 – – –

Chemists, except biochemists ................................. 23.63 11.0 47.6 23.63 11.0 47.6 – – –

Geologists and geodesists ....................................... 22.43 17.2 40.6 23.07 20.7 40.7 – – –

Biological and life scientists ..................................... 26.87 4.9 46.6 27.94 4.3 47.4 – – –

Medical scientists ..................................................... 16.99 10.2 33.1 16.99 10.2 33.1 – – –

Health related .............................................................. 21.78 5.5 34.9 20.56 2.2 34.8 27.06 23.1 35.1

Physicians ................................................................ 47.03 15.8 38.2 38.93 12.7 37.6 – – –

Registered nurses .................................................... 18.91 2.4 34.5 18.61 1.9 34.6 20.11 5.8 34.1

Pharmacists ............................................................. 24.26 4.3 35.7 24.00 4.8 35.3 – – –

Dietitians .................................................................. 18.62 4.4 36.4 18.62 4.4 36.4 – – –

Respiratory therapists .............................................. 14.90 3.9 31.3 14.90 3.9 31.3 – – –

Occupational therapists ........................................... 22.66 3.4 34.9 22.66 3.4 34.9 – – –

Physical therapists ................................................... 21.91 3.6 31.8 21.91 3.6 31.8 – – –

Speech therapists .................................................... 16.56 14.0 36.5 13.77 13.8 36.2 – – –

Therapists, n.e.c. ..................................................... 18.74 11.2 37.5 18.74 11.2 37.5 – – –

Teachers, college and university ................................. 27.11 5.9 36.4 27.75 7.1 36.5 23.52 12.4 36.1

Computer science teachers ..................................... 20.29 1.7 34.3 – – – – – –

Business, commerce, and marketing teachers ........ 28.12 3.6 40.2 27.80 2.8 40.4 – – –

English teachers ...................................................... 28.30 21.5 27.3 – – – – – –

Teachers, post secondary, subject not specified ..... 20.30 4.1 37.3 – – – – – –

Teachers, post secondary, n.e.c. ............................. 34.56 3.2 35.4 34.56 3.2 35.4 – – –

Teachers, except college and university ...................... 23.12 1.4 35.5 23.40 1.9 34.1 22.68 2.0 37.8

Elementary school teachers .................................... 24.05 6.1 36.2 25.29 8.5 34.9 22.53 2.7 38.0

Secondary school teachers ..................................... 24.50 1.7 36.9 25.26 2.0 36.2 23.11 2.1 38.3

Teachers, special education .................................... 17.59 3.2 39.1 15.24 7.8 38.6 – – –

Teachers, n.e.c. ....................................................... 18.21 3.7 27.6 18.21 3.7 27.6 – – –

Substitute teachers .................................................. 10.73 12.1 18.5 9.11 1.7 19.0 – – –

Vocational and educational counselors ................... 26.15 14.4 35.4 27.00 23.5 32.9 – – –

Librarians, archivists, and curators .............................. 17.36 12.1 38.9 19.18 8.4 38.7 – – –

Librarians ................................................................. 17.36 12.1 38.9 19.18 8.4 38.7 – – –

Social scientists and urban planners ........................... 19.96 7.5 38.3 18.40 6.5 37.6 – – –

Economists .............................................................. 19.36 12.8 41.7 19.90 15.4 42.2 – – –

Psychologists ........................................................... 19.95 9.1 37.4 17.61 7.6 36.2 – – –

Social, recreation, and religious workers ..................... 15.45 6.5 37.5 15.52 8.2 36.8 15.21 4.6 40.0

Social workers ......................................................... 15.54 7.1 37.5 15.65 9.2 36.7 15.21 4.6 40.0

Recreation workers .................................................. 14.63 11.1 37.5 14.63 11.1 37.5 – – –

Lawyers and judges ..................................................... 35.84 10.3 42.5 31.25 5.1 43.4 – – –

Lawyers ................................................................... 31.23 5.1 44.1 31.23 5.1 44.1 – – –

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and

professionals, n.e.c. ................................................... 19.46 6.9 34.9 19.46 6.9 34.9 – – –

Designers ................................................................. 17.95 7.4 40.1 17.95 7.4 40.1 – – –

Editors and reporters ............................................... 17.76 2.1 38.7 17.76 2.1 38.7 – – –

Public relations specialists ....................................... 27.40 16.4 25.6 27.40 16.4 25.6 – – –

Athletes .................................................................... 9.02 26.7 24.1 9.02 26.7 24.1 – – –

Professional, n.e.c. .................................................. 25.96 5.0 35.7 25.96 5.0 35.7 – – –

Technical ......................................................................... 16.59 2.1 36.5 16.88 2.4 36.3 14.94 3.2 37.4

Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians .... 13.33 3.4 38.2 13.14 3.4 38.2 – – –

Radiological technicians .......................................... 12.87 3.3 34.6 12.87 3.3 34.6 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
148

Table 8-10. Mountain census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3 for

selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Technical –Continued

Licensed practical nurses ........................................ $12.46 2.4 33.6 $12.65 2.4 33.9 $11.83 5.2 32.6

Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c. ............ 12.55 2.4 30.6 12.70 2.6 29.6 – – –

Electrical and electronic technicians ........................ 14.99 2.2 39.0 15.19 1.8 38.9 – – –

Engineering technicians, n.e.c. ................................ 17.10 3.2 39.0 17.98 1.9 38.8 – – –

Drafters .................................................................... 16.61 6.1 39.6 15.55 6.3 39.5 – – –

Surveying and mapping technicians ........................ 14.98 10.6 40.8 14.98 10.6 40.8 – – –

Biological technicians .............................................. 15.23 3.5 39.0 15.64 1.2 38.9 – – –

Chemical technicians ............................................... 16.41 7.7 40.0 16.41 7.7 40.0 – – –

Science technicians, n.e.c. ...................................... 16.34 9.2 31.9 16.34 9.2 31.9 – – –

Airplane pilots and navigators .................................. 83.09 9.1 19.6 83.09 9.4 19.6 – – –

Computer programmers ........................................... 21.22 12.1 41.9 21.22 12.1 41.9 – – –

Legal assistants ....................................................... 14.70 4.6 39.9 14.98 6.5 39.8 – – –

Technical and related, n.e.c. .................................... 16.77 6.2 40.1 15.60 5.4 40.1 – – –

Executive, administrative, and managerial ..................... 24.22 2.4 41.1 24.35 2.9 41.4 23.69 3.5 39.9

Executives, administrators, and managers .................. 26.58 2.7 41.7 27.11 3.2 42.1 24.89 5.5 40.4

Administrators and officials, public administration ... 22.52 6.7 41.3 25.04 5.8 42.7 20.14 8.2 40.0

Financial managers ................................................. 26.49 4.4 41.0 24.35 6.1 41.6 30.65 6.0 40.0

Personnel and labor relations managers ................. 29.23 6.0 40.5 29.23 6.0 40.5 – – –

Purchasing managers .............................................. 21.66 22.0 43.6 – – – – – –

Managers, marketing, advertising, and public

relations ................................................................. 28.64 6.0 43.6 28.65 6.3 43.8 – – –

Administrators, education and related fields ............ 31.82 8.2 40.4 31.15 12.1 40.7 – – –

Managers, medicine and health ............................... 25.14 15.6 39.3 28.86 8.2 39.5 – – –

Managers, food servicing and lodging

establishments ....................................................... 18.79 8.4 44.5 18.79 8.4 44.5 – – –

Managers, service organizations, n.e.c. .................. 22.17 8.8 43.3 22.99 9.8 43.7 – – –

Managers and administrators, n.e.c. ....................... 27.60 2.8 42.1 28.49 3.0 41.9 19.67 3.6 43.9

Management related .................................................... 19.73 2.1 40.0 19.87 2.3 40.3 18.55 7.7 37.7

Accountants and auditors ........................................ 15.79 11.9 40.1 16.07 14.7 40.1 – – –

Underwriters ............................................................ 21.33 6.1 39.3 22.80 4.8 38.8 – – –

Other financial officers ............................................. 27.30 5.4 41.2 27.74 5.3 41.3 – – –

Management analysts .............................................. 22.07 11.4 40.1 22.07 11.4 40.1 – – –

Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists .. 19.29 2.6 41.1 19.54 2.3 41.1 – – –

Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c. ..................... 20.19 6.5 39.9 20.19 6.5 39.9 – – –

Construction inspectors ........................................... 20.22 6.9 40.0 20.22 6.9 40.0 – – –

Inspectors and compliance officers, except

construction ........................................................... 17.46 4.3 38.9 17.96 4.9 42.8 – – –

Management related, n.e.c. ..................................... 19.61 4.6 39.3 18.87 3.8 39.2 – – –

Sales ................................................................................... 12.47 5.1 34.1 13.23 3.8 34.3 8.62 11.6 33.1

Supervisors, sales ................................................... 19.83 6.4 39.9 19.83 5.7 39.9 – – –

Insurance sales ........................................................ 23.35 12.6 39.4 23.35 12.6 39.4 – – –

Real estate sales ..................................................... 22.40 28.2 41.8 22.40 28.2 41.8 – – –

Securities and financial services sales .................... 26.69 35.5 39.4 26.69 35.5 39.4 – – –

Sales, other business services ................................ 15.46 4.4 38.0 15.46 4.4 38.0 – – –

Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and

wholesale ............................................................... 20.45 5.0 41.7 20.89 4.5 41.9 – – –

Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats ................ 16.42 9.3 43.7 16.42 9.3 43.7 – – –

Sales workers, apparel ............................................ 6.37 9.6 24.9 6.75 11.1 24.9 – – –

Sales workers, radio, tv, hi-fi, and appliances ......... 17.28 15.2 42.0 17.28 15.2 42.0 – – –

Sales workers, hardware and building supplies ....... 9.14 1.7 36.5 9.14 1.7 36.5 – – –

Sales workers, parts ................................................ 13.52 19.3 34.3 13.52 19.3 34.3 – – –

Sales workers, other commodities ........................... 10.08 7.8 30.4 11.09 7.0 29.5 7.26 3.4 33.2

Sales counter clerks ................................................ 8.06 6.4 34.2 8.06 6.4 34.2 – – –

Cashiers ................................................................... 8.40 3.7 32.7 8.60 3.0 31.6 7.56 8.5 38.3

Sales support, n.e.c. ................................................ 12.68 14.0 38.2 12.98 13.6 38.1 – – –

Administrative support, including clerical ...................... 10.52 1.3 37.1 10.69 1.2 37.2 9.77 .9 36.7

Supervisors, general office ...................................... 15.84 3.3 40.9 16.15 3.3 41.0 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
149

Table 8-10. Mountain census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3 for

selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Administrative support, including clerical –Continued

Supervisors, financial records processing ............... $15.83 5.6 40.3 $15.83 5.6 40.3 – – –

Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and adjusting

clerks ..................................................................... 15.35 9.6 42.4 16.72 7.5 39.9 – – –

Computer operators ................................................. 12.95 7.5 39.4 13.86 5.9 39.2 – – –

Secretaries ............................................................... 11.27 2.4 38.9 11.67 1.9 38.9 $9.79 7.3 38.9

Stenographers ......................................................... 11.87 1.6 35.8 11.87 1.6 35.8 – – –

Typists ..................................................................... 11.14 4.5 38.8 10.53 4.4 38.0 – – –

Interviewers ............................................................. 9.47 4.1 35.2 9.74 3.6 36.3 – – –

Hotel clerks .............................................................. 7.16 4.1 35.9 7.50 .6 40.0 – – –

Receptionists ........................................................... 7.68 1.5 35.3 7.65 1.8 34.5 – – –

Information clerks, n.e.c. .......................................... 10.08 5.0 36.9 10.08 5.0 36.9 – – –

Correspondence clerks ............................................ 11.36 6.8 36.5 11.36 6.8 36.5 – – –

Order clerks ............................................................. 8.54 1.7 37.8 8.54 1.7 37.8 – – –

Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping ... 10.66 2.3 39.4 10.66 2.3 39.4 – – –

Library clerks ........................................................... 9.50 6.3 33.0 10.33 7.3 36.2 8.84 8.6 30.9

File clerks ................................................................. 7.90 7.8 36.2 7.98 7.9 36.9 – – –

Records clerks, n.e.c. .............................................. 10.01 4.8 37.1 10.49 3.5 36.4 – – –

Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ......... 10.72 2.2 38.2 10.71 2.3 38.1 – – –

Payroll and timekeeping clerks ................................ 10.64 8.5 40.0 12.13 5.5 40.0 – – –

Billing clerks ............................................................. 9.54 3.1 39.2 9.84 1.8 39.1 – – –

Cost and rate clerks ................................................. 12.23 13.3 34.1 12.23 13.3 34.1 – – –

Office machine operators, n.e.c. .............................. 7.56 3.1 33.1 7.63 3.5 35.9 – – –

Mail clerks, except postal service ............................ 10.40 3.9 35.0 10.40 3.9 35.0 – – –

Dispatchers .............................................................. 10.93 8.9 38.3 12.81 8.4 36.5 – – –

Production coordinators ........................................... 11.81 2.7 35.4 12.11 2.3 34.2 – – –

Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ....................... 11.54 3.8 39.8 11.58 3.8 39.8 – – –

Stock and inventory clerks ....................................... 11.55 4.9 37.8 11.42 2.9 37.2 11.85 14.1 39.1

Meter readers .......................................................... 12.62 2.7 40.0 12.62 2.7 40.0 – – –

Expeditors ................................................................ 10.10 10.7 37.6 10.10 10.7 37.6 – – –

Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators .. 13.51 6.5 39.1 13.34 7.7 38.9 – – –

Investigators and adjusters, except insurance ......... 10.45 4.1 38.7 10.83 3.3 38.3 – – –

Eligibility clerks, social welfare ................................. 13.77 4.8 39.0 13.77 4.8 39.0 – – –

Bill and account collectors ....................................... 10.36 5.5 38.9 10.55 5.3 38.9 – – –

General office clerks ................................................ 10.21 3.1 36.2 10.00 4.6 35.2 10.73 4.2 38.8

Bank tellers .............................................................. 10.44 4.6 34.5 10.44 4.6 34.5 – – –

Data entry keyers ..................................................... 9.06 3.0 38.1 9.15 3.3 37.9 – – –

Statistical clerks ....................................................... 10.00 2.1 38.7 10.64 6.3 34.9 – – –

Teachers’ aides ....................................................... 7.67 2.5 25.0 7.65 3.3 26.6 7.69 3.6 23.8

Administrative support, n.e.c. .................................. 9.98 3.7 36.7 10.08 4.1 36.5 – – –

Blue collar .............................................................................. 12.09 2.5 38.0 12.29 2.3 37.9 11.18 8.7 38.4

Precision production, craft, and repair ............................ 15.28 2.9 39.9 15.42 2.8 39.8 14.34 11.3 40.2

Supervisors, mechanics and repairers .................... 20.76 2.6 40.0 20.75 2.5 40.7 – – –

Automobile mechanics ............................................. 20.30 10.1 40.1 20.30 10.1 40.1 – – –

Automobile mechanic apprentices ........................... 10.09 7.5 35.0 10.09 7.5 35.0 – – –

Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics .......... 16.25 4.1 40.0 15.79 2.9 40.0 – – –

Aircraft engine mechanics ....................................... 18.39 11.5 40.0 18.39 11.5 40.0 – – –

Heavy equipment mechanics ................................... 17.38 2.7 39.6 16.97 2.5 39.4 – – –

Industrial machinery repairers ................................. 17.10 3.0 40.0 17.25 2.9 40.0 – – –

Machinery maintenance ........................................... 14.34 6.5 40.0 14.34 6.5 40.0 – – –

Electronic repairers, communications and industrial

equipment .............................................................. 13.60 8.3 39.7 14.68 12.4 39.6 – – –

Data processing equipment repairers ...................... 13.77 8.0 40.0 13.77 8.0 40.0 – – –

Telephone installers and repairers .......................... 18.34 4.3 40.0 18.34 4.3 40.0 – – –

Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration

mechanics .............................................................. 16.83 3.6 40.0 16.83 3.6 40.0 – – –

Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c. ............................... 14.99 2.5 39.7 14.93 2.4 39.7 – – –

Supervisors, construction trades, n.e.c. ................... 18.58 5.7 40.0 17.97 6.0 40.0 – – –

Carpenters ............................................................... 15.29 8.2 41.5 15.75 8.6 41.8 – – –

Electricians .............................................................. 15.70 10.1 39.7 15.47 10.8 39.7 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
150

Table 8-10. Mountain census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3 for

selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Precision production, craft, and repair –Continued

Painters, construction and maintenance .................. $10.91 9.8 40.8 $10.91 9.8 40.8 – – –

Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ..................... 20.45 2.5 39.9 20.45 2.5 39.9 – – –

Construction trades, n.e.c. ....................................... 15.97 7.0 36.1 16.24 6.7 35.8 – – –

Supervisors, production ........................................... 18.42 4.1 41.6 19.12 2.1 40.8 – – –

Machinists ................................................................ 14.97 2.4 40.0 14.97 2.4 40.0 – – –

Sheet metal workers ................................................ 11.91 9.9 40.0 11.91 9.9 40.0 – – –

Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers ...... 8.68 3.3 40.0 8.90 4.7 40.0 – – –

Butchers and meat cutters ....................................... 12.04 6.2 39.4 12.01 6.8 39.4 – – –

Bakers ...................................................................... 9.73 6.6 38.8 9.98 9.2 38.1 – – –

Food batchmakers ................................................... 8.74 10.1 35.5 8.74 10.1 35.5 – – –

Inspectors, testers, and graders .............................. 15.57 5.9 40.4 15.57 5.9 40.4 – – –

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ........... 9.70 2.3 39.4 10.08 1.6 39.3 $8.36 5.8 39.4

Numerical control machine operators ...................... – – – 12.70 7.9 40.0 – – –

Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c. ..................... 11.06 2.6 40.0 11.06 2.6 40.0 – – –

Molding and casting machine operators .................. 9.37 1.8 35.4 9.37 1.8 35.4 – – –

Printing press operators ........................................... 15.39 5.2 39.2 15.39 5.2 39.2 – – –

Photoengravers and lithographers ........................... 14.76 5.8 39.1 14.76 5.8 39.1 – – –

Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators ..... 6.72 3.5 35.5 6.78 3.5 37.4 – – –

Packaging and filling machine operators ................. 9.40 6.2 40.0 9.40 6.2 40.0 – – –

Extruding and forming machine operators ............... – – – 11.64 2.4 40.0 – – –

Mixing and blending machine operators .................. 8.66 11.4 40.0 8.94 21.4 40.0 – – –

Painting and paint spraying machine operators ....... 9.96 5.9 40.4 9.96 5.9 40.4 – – –

Photographic process machine operators ............... 11.24 5.5 38.5 11.24 5.5 38.5 – – –

Miscellaneous machine operators, n.e.c. ................ 10.69 2.5 39.7 10.91 2.2 39.6 – – –

Welders and cutters ................................................. 14.46 7.8 40.4 13.44 5.6 40.6 – – –

Assemblers .............................................................. 8.11 3.1 39.4 8.33 3.2 39.2 – – –

Miscellaneous hand working, n.e.c. ......................... 10.44 5.1 40.0 10.44 5.1 40.0 – – –

Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ..... 10.09 7.5 39.1 10.94 5.1 38.8 – – –

Transportation and material moving ............................... 12.69 6.4 37.2 12.40 4.7 36.9 13.46 17.9 37.8

Truck drivers ............................................................ 13.25 5.1 40.0 13.33 5.1 40.3 – – –

Bus drivers ............................................................... 10.97 4.6 27.8 10.90 5.2 29.4 – – –

Parking lot attendants .............................................. 6.82 2.8 31.1 6.82 2.8 31.1 – – –

Motor transportation, n.e.c. ...................................... 6.85 5.3 32.6 6.85 5.3 32.6 – – –

Supervisors, material moving equipment ................. 16.63 6.8 40.0 16.93 9.2 40.0 – – –

Operating engineers ................................................ 10.88 10.3 40.0 17.69 11.7 40.0 – – –

Grader, dozer, and scrapper operators ................... 17.07 4.0 40.0 – – – – – –

Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ..... 14.95 11.9 39.9 12.43 9.2 39.8 – – –

Miscellaneous material moving equipment

operators, n.e.c. ..................................................... 14.17 11.4 39.6 13.44 2.9 39.1 – – –

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ... 9.02 2.0 34.8 9.11 2.1 34.6 8.56 4.1 36.0

Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm ......... 9.41 4.7 34.3 10.15 6.4 33.8 – – –

Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and

laborers, n.e.c. ....................................................... 16.25 5.9 40.0 15.63 8.3 40.0 – – –

Helpers, mechanics and repairers ........................... 11.06 8.5 38.8 11.46 8.6 40.0 – – –

Helpers, construction trades .................................... 8.98 9.5 41.0 8.98 9.5 41.0 – – –

Construction laborers ............................................... 11.50 5.9 39.0 11.47 6.2 39.1 – – –

Production helpers ................................................... 8.41 4.2 39.7 8.68 4.8 39.4 – – –

Stock handlers and baggers .................................... 7.99 4.7 29.5 8.22 4.6 29.9 – – –

Machine feeders and offbearers .............................. 10.36 11.2 38.4 10.36 11.2 38.4 – – –

Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c. ............ 9.55 4.3 36.0 10.13 4.3 35.8 – – –

Garage and service station related .......................... 10.68 9.0 36.0 10.68 9.0 36.0 – – –

Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners ............... 8.12 8.4 31.7 7.72 8.4 30.7 – – –

Hand packers and packagers .................................. 7.66 4.8 39.1 7.85 5.0 39.0 – – –

Laborers, except construction, n.e.c. ....................... 9.02 3.5 35.5 8.79 3.4 34.8 10.11 8.4 39.2

Service .................................................................................... 8.15 1.3 33.3 8.17 1.7 33.2 8.06 2.2 33.9

Protective service ........................................................ 12.14 7.1 37.3 11.93 8.3 36.9 13.09 3.2 39.0

See footnotes at end of table.
151

Table 8-10. Mountain census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3 for

selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Service –Continued

Protective service –Continued

Supervisors, firefighters and fire prevention ............ $20.99 11.5 49.9 $20.99 11.5 49.9 – – –

Supervisors, police and detectives .......................... 19.96 7.9 41.2 20.92 10.7 41.8 – – –

Firefighting ............................................................... 14.03 4.3 47.7 14.45 4.8 48.5 – – –

Police and detectives, public service ....................... 18.85 6.5 39.3 20.55 4.2 39.1 $13.65 2.8 40.0

Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers 15.72 5.2 40.0 16.28 4.1 40.0 – – –

Correctional institution officers ................................. 11.80 5.6 40.0 10.97 3.3 40.0 – – –

Guards and police, except public service ................ 7.36 4.3 34.9 7.27 3.9 34.9 – – –

Protective service, n.e.c. .......................................... 11.99 12.7 26.6 12.73 13.6 26.1 – – –

Food service ................................................................ 6.39 3.3 31.0 6.46 3.8 30.9 6.11 1.6 31.4

Supervisors, food preparation and service .............. 10.97 6.4 36.6 11.24 5.5 36.7 – – –

Bartenders ............................................................... 6.22 8.6 32.3 6.24 9.3 32.5 – – –

Waiters and waitresses ............................................ 3.80 10.3 29.9 3.60 15.7 28.7 4.46 3.5 34.9

Cooks ....................................................................... 7.93 3.6 34.1 8.06 3.8 35.7 – – –

Food counter, fountain, and related ......................... 5.69 1.8 26.1 5.70 3.0 27.9 5.69 .6 23.8

Kitchen workers, food preparation ........................... 7.27 2.1 28.2 7.38 2.4 25.9 – – –

Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ............................... 4.94 4.5 32.6 4.95 5.3 31.3 – – –

Food preparation, n.e.c. ........................................... 6.49 5.0 31.5 6.13 3.0 31.1 7.85 10.1 33.1

Health service .............................................................. 7.89 1.8 32.7 8.16 2.5 34.6 7.50 1.7 30.2

Health aides, except nursing ................................... 7.63 2.9 36.9 7.60 3.3 35.3 – – –

Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants .................. 7.92 1.8 31.5 8.28 2.5 34.4 7.44 1.6 28.2

Cleaning and building service ...................................... 7.94 2.4 35.4 7.71 2.5 34.5 8.72 2.2 38.7

Supervisors, cleaning and building service workers 10.85 6.3 39.8 10.78 6.8 40.0 – – –

Maids and housemen .............................................. 6.72 1.7 32.0 6.90 1.4 31.3 – – –

Janitors and cleaners ............................................... 8.16 2.7 36.5 7.89 2.9 35.9 8.96 2.1 38.8

Personal service .......................................................... 7.45 5.9 32.5 7.67 8.3 31.8 6.32 7.5 36.8

Supervisors, personal service .................................. 11.57 12.8 40.3 11.57 12.8 40.3 – – –

Attendants, amusement, and recreation facilities .... 5.99 .7 35.0 6.00 1.1 33.9 – – –

Public transportation attendants .............................. 19.91 9.5 19.7 19.91 9.5 19.7 – – –

Baggage porters and bellhops ................................. 8.39 26.2 37.5 8.39 26.2 37.5 – – –

Welfare service aides .............................................. 8.20 4.7 33.4 8.38 7.5 32.5 – – –

Early childhood teachers’ assistants ........................ 6.69 2.0 22.4 6.73 1.9 22.5 – – –

Child care workers, n.e.c. ........................................ 7.20 12.6 25.1 7.70 13.6 23.8 – – –

Service, n.e.c. .......................................................... 7.46 3.5 32.7 7.53 3.3 33.4 – – –

1 The Mountain census division consists of Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, New

Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and Nevada. 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They

include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium

pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is

computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,

weighted by hours. 3 Metropolitan areas can be a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) or Consolidated

Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) as defined by the Office of Management and Budget,

1994. Nonmetropolitan areas are counties that do not fit the definitions above. For more

information, see appendix E.

4 In this census division, collection was conducted between October 1996 and April

1998. The average reference period was July 1997. 5 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all

workers in the civilian economy. For more information, see appendix B. 6 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the

estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For

more information about RSEs, see appendix A.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication

criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may

include data for categories not shown separately. 
152

Table 8-11. Pacific census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3 for

selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

All ................................................................................................ $16.88 1.5 36.2 $17.06 1.5 36.2 $13.37 2.9 36.1

All excluding sales ............................................................... 17.03 1.5 36.4 17.22 1.4 36.4 13.40 3.0 36.4

White collar ............................................................................ 20.39 1.6 36.3 20.56 1.6 36.3 16.17 2.2 35.7

White collar excluding sales ............................................ 21.14 1.5 36.8 21.34 1.4 36.8 16.55 3.0 36.5

Professional specialty and technical ............................... 25.53 1.4 35.8 25.72 1.4 35.8 21.15 .9 34.5

Professional specialty ...................................................... 27.33 1.3 35.5 27.50 1.4 35.6 22.98 2.3 33.0

Engineers, architects, and surveyors ........................... 30.06 1.3 40.2 30.19 1.3 40.2 – – –

Architects ................................................................. 32.45 16.3 41.7 32.45 16.3 41.7 – – –

Aerospace engineers ............................................... 32.15 5.6 40.0 32.15 5.6 40.0 – – –

Metallurgical and materials engineers ..................... 24.08 6.9 40.0 24.08 6.9 40.0 – – –

Nuclear engineers .................................................... 32.45 1.1 40.7 32.45 1.1 40.7 – – –

Civil engineers ......................................................... 28.54 4.9 40.0 29.67 4.5 40.0 – – –

Electrical and electronic engineers .......................... 31.00 2.7 40.4 31.00 2.7 40.4 – – –

Industrial engineers ................................................. 26.17 3.4 40.4 26.17 3.4 40.4 – – –

Mechanical engineers .............................................. 28.33 3.9 39.2 28.33 3.9 39.2 – – –

Engineers, n.e.c. ...................................................... 30.35 2.3 40.1 30.40 2.3 40.1 – – –

Mathematical and computer scientists ......................... 28.51 3.6 40.1 28.51 3.6 40.1 – – –

Computer systems analysts and scientists .............. 28.82 3.7 40.1 28.82 3.7 40.1 – – –

Operations and systems researchers and analysts 25.03 7.3 40.0 25.03 7.3 40.0 – – –

Natural scientists ......................................................... 25.32 3.4 40.8 25.50 3.5 40.9 – – –

Chemists, except biochemists ................................. 26.07 5.1 40.5 26.07 5.1 40.5 – – –

Geologists and geodesists ....................................... 19.40 22.5 46.6 19.40 22.5 46.6 – – –

Physical scientists, n.e.c. ......................................... 28.97 3.0 40.0 28.97 3.0 40.0 – – –

Biological and life scientists ..................................... 22.70 3.1 40.0 22.88 5.1 40.0 – – –

Medical scientists ..................................................... 22.20 7.7 40.2 22.20 7.7 40.2 – – –

Health related .............................................................. 23.93 1.6 32.9 24.17 1.6 33.0 18.14 2.2 31.7

Physicians ................................................................ 35.85 13.3 38.6 35.85 13.3 38.6 – – –

Registered nurses .................................................... 23.28 .9 32.4 23.51 .9 32.4 18.39 2.2 30.7

Pharmacists ............................................................. 33.57 3.7 31.7 33.57 3.7 31.7 – – –

Dietitians .................................................................. 18.45 5.3 35.5 18.45 5.3 35.5 – – –

Respiratory therapists .............................................. 17.99 4.8 31.9 18.22 5.5 30.8 – – –

Occupational therapists ........................................... 22.17 10.2 30.5 22.17 10.2 30.5 – – –

Physical therapists ................................................... 22.75 3.2 34.2 22.75 3.2 34.2 – – –

Speech therapists .................................................... 24.89 6.5 32.1 24.89 6.5 32.1 – – –

Therapists, n.e.c. ..................................................... 16.80 10.0 34.6 16.80 10.0 34.6 – – –

Physicians’ assistants .............................................. 23.13 21.8 38.6 23.13 21.8 38.6 – – –

Teachers, college and university ................................. 33.51 2.7 27.6 33.75 2.7 27.8 26.86 3.0 24.2

Biological science teachers ..................................... 41.63 19.0 27.2 41.63 19.0 27.2 – – –

Chemistry teachers .................................................. 47.52 16.6 40.0 47.52 16.6 40.0 – – –

Psychology teachers ................................................ 32.43 9.4 33.0 32.43 9.4 33.0 – – –

Social science teachers, n.e.c. ................................ 36.09 5.9 33.7 36.09 5.9 33.7 – – –

Engineering teachers ............................................... 36.00 6.2 45.0 36.00 6.2 45.0 – – –

Mathematical science teachers ............................... 36.07 5.3 21.0 36.19 5.4 22.0 – – –

Medical science teachers ........................................ 33.52 11.7 45.6 33.52 11.7 45.6 – – –

Health specialities teachers ..................................... 25.64 12.5 30.8 25.64 12.5 30.8 – – –

Business, commerce, and marketing teachers ........ 38.21 10.0 25.5 38.21 10.0 25.5 – – –

Art, drama, and music teachers ............................... 31.92 3.6 31.6 31.99 3.7 34.3 – – –

Physical education teachers .................................... 37.99 7.3 14.8 38.99 5.6 15.2 – – –

Education teachers .................................................. 32.11 21.3 33.3 – – – – – –

English teachers ...................................................... 30.04 5.7 20.4 30.69 7.5 18.0 – – –

Foreign language teachers ...................................... 31.63 11.3 26.6 31.72 11.4 28.2 – – –

Trade and industrial teachers .................................. 28.77 9.3 30.3 28.77 9.3 30.3 – – –

Teachers, post secondary, subject not specified ..... 29.36 6.1 31.1 30.59 6.9 30.6 – – –

Teachers, post secondary, n.e.c. ............................. 32.31 4.6 23.0 32.31 4.6 23.0 – – –

Teachers, except college and university ...................... 27.88 2.1 32.8 28.03 2.2 32.7 25.98 3.5 34.2

Prekindergarten and kindergarten ........................... 15.65 13.1 33.1 15.46 13.6 33.9 – – –

Elementary school teachers .................................... 29.38 2.7 35.5 29.43 2.9 35.2 28.65 2.4 39.6

Secondary school teachers ..................................... 30.78 2.5 35.8 30.98 2.6 35.7 – – –

Teachers, special education .................................... 29.41 3.6 35.9 29.41 3.6 35.9 – – –

Teachers, n.e.c. ....................................................... 24.34 5.5 25.0 24.68 6.7 23.9 23.09 3.4 30.4

Substitute teachers .................................................. 15.00 5.3 12.9 15.01 5.3 13.2 – – –

Vocational and educational counselors ................... 26.86 10.4 37.0 27.25 10.6 36.9 – – –

Librarians, archivists, and curators .............................. 24.14 4.5 37.4 24.39 4.5 37.3 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
153

Table 8-11. Pacific census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3 for

selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Professional specialty –Continued

Librarians, archivists, and curators –Continued

Librarians ................................................................. $24.59 4.8 36.4 $24.91 4.8 36.2 – – –

Archivists and curators ............................................ 22.06 10.2 42.8 22.06 10.2 42.8 – – –

Social scientists and urban planners ........................... 23.53 6.5 37.1 23.53 6.5 37.1 – – –

Economists .............................................................. 26.38 10.5 42.8 26.38 10.5 42.8 – – –

Psychologists ........................................................... 21.82 9.5 34.1 21.82 9.5 34.1 – – –

Urban planners ........................................................ 24.14 5.0 40.0 24.14 5.0 40.0 – – –

Social, recreation, and religious workers ..................... 17.49 5.5 37.5 17.55 5.8 38.3 $16.30 2.8 26.5

Social workers ......................................................... 18.73 5.0 37.9 18.75 5.2 38.0 – – –

Recreation workers .................................................. 14.00 8.2 29.9 14.51 8.3 34.2 – – –

Lawyers and judges ..................................................... 35.78 7.7 41.7 36.97 6.9 41.8 – – –

Lawyers ................................................................... 35.47 8.1 41.7 36.81 7.2 41.8 – – –

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and

professionals, n.e.c. ................................................... 27.57 10.4 36.0 27.71 10.4 36.4 – – –

Technical writers ...................................................... 24.39 7.4 38.9 24.39 7.4 38.9 – – –

Designers ................................................................. 24.09 11.3 40.6 24.09 11.3 40.6 – – –

Musicians and composers ....................................... 44.38 36.6 15.7 44.38 36.6 15.7 – – –

Actors and directors ................................................. 32.27 24.8 33.3 32.27 24.8 33.3 – – –

Painters, sculptors, craft artists, and artist

printmakers ............................................................ 29.22 23.6 41.5 29.22 23.6 41.5 – – –

Artists, performers, and related workers, n.e.c. ....... 11.98 12.8 24.3 11.98 12.8 24.3 – – –

Editors and reporters ............................................... 27.69 19.2 40.1 27.69 19.2 40.1 – – –

Public relations specialists ....................................... 22.93 10.3 39.8 22.93 10.3 39.8 – – –

Professional, n.e.c. .................................................. 25.22 10.2 40.5 25.22 10.2 40.5 – – –

Technical ......................................................................... 18.48 2.4 37.0 18.64 2.5 36.9 15.31 6.8 40.0

Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians .... 17.87 3.9 37.4 18.18 3.8 37.2 – – –

Health record technologists and technicians ........... 13.50 7.4 35.4 13.75 7.8 35.1 – – –

Radiological technicians .......................................... 19.53 2.2 32.2 19.53 2.2 32.2 – – –

Licensed practical nurses ........................................ 14.51 1.2 33.9 14.56 1.2 33.8 – – –

Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c. ............ 15.31 3.1 36.5 15.31 3.2 36.4 – – –

Electrical and electronic technicians ........................ 19.98 3.5 39.5 19.98 3.5 39.5 – – –

Mechanical engineering technicians ........................ 19.83 4.4 39.9 19.83 4.4 39.9 – – –

Engineering technicians, n.e.c. ................................ 18.27 4.8 39.2 18.63 5.2 39.1 – – –

Drafters .................................................................... 18.00 6.5 39.7 18.00 6.5 39.7 – – –

Surveying and mapping technicians ........................ 23.03 8.2 40.0 23.03 8.2 40.0 – – –

Biological technicians .............................................. 13.13 10.9 32.9 14.06 12.2 31.6 – – –

Chemical technicians ............................................... 19.35 10.7 40.5 19.35 10.7 40.5 – – –

Science technicians, n.e.c. ...................................... 19.70 5.2 38.8 19.83 5.3 38.6 – – –

Airplane pilots and navigators .................................. 53.96 19.4 26.3 53.96 19.4 26.3 – – –

Broadcast equipment operators ............................... 13.85 14.8 36.9 13.85 14.8 36.9 – – –

Computer programmers ........................................... 22.23 5.2 39.4 22.46 6.0 39.3 – – –

Legal assistants ....................................................... 14.93 12.7 39.3 14.93 12.7 39.3 – – –

Technical and related, n.e.c. .................................... 19.07 8.2 38.0 19.57 8.2 37.9 – – –

Executive, administrative, and managerial ..................... 29.06 2.1 40.3 29.27 2.2 40.2 21.20 2.6 42.2

Executives, administrators, and managers .................. 33.81 2.8 40.7 34.16 2.9 40.6 22.28 2.7 43.5

Legislators ............................................................... 33.55 20.7 11.8 33.55 20.7 11.8 – – –

Administrators and officials, public administration ... 29.15 5.5 39.7 30.22 5.7 39.6 – – –

Financial managers ................................................. 34.80 4.1 40.1 34.81 4.1 40.1 – – –

Personnel and labor relations managers ................. 32.27 5.1 40.6 32.27 5.1 40.6 – – –

Purchasing managers .............................................. 31.48 5.3 40.3 31.48 5.3 40.3 – – –

Managers, marketing, advertising, and public

relations ................................................................. 38.43 5.9 41.6 38.43 5.9 41.6 – – –

Administrators, education and related fields ............ 32.43 3.5 39.4 32.61 3.8 39.3 – – –

Managers, medicine and health ............................... 30.82 4.3 39.4 31.01 4.3 39.4 – – –

Managers, food servicing and lodging

establishments ....................................................... 16.06 7.8 44.6 16.50 8.6 44.1 – – –

Managers, properties and real estate ...................... 26.13 19.9 41.2 26.13 19.9 41.2 – – –

Managers, service organizations, n.e.c. .................. 22.20 6.8 39.4 22.20 6.8 39.4 – – –

Managers and administrators, n.e.c. ....................... 36.58 4.9 41.1 36.89 5.0 41.0 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
154

Table 8-11. Pacific census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3 for

selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Executive, administrative, and managerial –Continued

Management related .................................................... $22.10 2.0 39.7 $22.16 2.0 39.7 $19.07 6.2 40.0

Accountants and auditors ........................................ 21.07 2.1 39.9 21.10 2.1 39.9 – – –

Underwriters ............................................................ 24.63 10.6 38.7 24.63 10.6 38.7 – – –

Other financial officers ............................................. 25.74 10.0 40.4 25.87 10.1 40.4 – – –

Management analysts .............................................. 24.62 5.0 39.8 24.75 5.0 39.8 – – –

Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists .. 20.38 3.8 39.4 20.49 3.9 39.4 – – –

Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm

products ................................................................. 21.35 8.1 39.8 21.41 8.2 39.8 – – –

Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c. ..................... 20.85 2.9 40.1 20.85 2.9 40.1 – – –

Construction inspectors ........................................... 24.56 2.8 39.9 24.56 2.8 39.9 – – –

Inspectors and compliance officers, except

construction ........................................................... 21.84 6.1 40.0 22.16 6.1 40.0 – – –

Management related, n.e.c. ..................................... 21.56 2.7 39.3 21.57 2.7 39.3 – – –

Sales ................................................................................... 14.82 5.1 32.8 14.89 5.3 32.9 12.56 4.1 29.8

Supervisors, sales ................................................... 19.35 7.1 41.3 19.18 7.3 41.3 – – –

Insurance sales ........................................................ 18.39 10.8 40.2 18.39 10.8 40.2 – – –

Real estate sales ..................................................... 50.11 20.4 41.6 50.11 20.4 41.6 – – –

Securities and financial services sales .................... 26.36 37.1 39.7 26.36 37.1 39.7 – – –

Advertising and related sales ................................... 18.15 9.1 39.0 18.15 9.1 39.0 – – –

Sales, other business services ................................ 15.93 10.0 37.9 15.96 10.1 37.9 – – –

Sales engineers ....................................................... 28.06 8.5 40.0 28.06 8.5 40.0 – – –

Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and

wholesale ............................................................... 28.03 5.2 41.2 28.05 5.2 41.2 – – –

Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats ................ 18.17 11.0 41.3 18.00 11.4 41.3 – – –

Sales workers, apparel ............................................ 8.90 6.7 25.4 8.90 6.7 25.4 – – –

Sales workers, shoes ............................................... 10.42 5.0 28.6 10.42 5.0 28.6 – – –

Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings ........ 9.05 6.6 25.4 9.05 6.6 25.4 – – –

Sales workers, radio, tv, hi-fi, and appliances ......... 12.89 7.6 39.4 12.89 7.6 39.4 – – –

Sales workers, hardware and building supplies ....... 13.44 10.6 39.6 13.44 10.6 39.6 – – –

Sales workers, parts ................................................ 15.16 10.3 40.0 15.16 10.3 40.0 – – –

Sales workers, other commodities ........................... 11.80 15.0 31.6 11.86 15.1 31.5 – – –

Sales counter clerks ................................................ 8.37 11.5 27.2 8.24 11.7 27.6 – – –

Cashiers ................................................................... 10.06 2.7 30.7 10.00 2.8 30.7 10.92 6.0 31.6

Sales support, n.e.c. ................................................ 13.26 8.2 32.5 13.76 8.2 34.6 – – –

Administrative support, including clerical ...................... 12.48 1.1 36.2 12.52 1.1 36.2 11.65 2.4 36.7

Supervisors, general office ...................................... 17.05 2.7 40.0 17.00 2.8 40.0 – – –

Supervisors, financial records processing ............... 18.59 4.6 39.5 19.01 4.1 40.0 – – –

Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and adjusting

clerks ..................................................................... 19.36 5.6 40.6 18.03 5.5 40.8 – – –

Computer operators ................................................. 15.31 7.0 39.4 16.16 6.3 39.2 – – –

Secretaries ............................................................... 14.02 1.6 38.2 14.22 1.7 38.3 10.77 .9 36.2

Stenographers ......................................................... 15.80 7.9 36.8 15.80 7.9 36.8 – – –

Typists ..................................................................... 12.22 3.3 38.2 12.22 3.4 38.2 – – –

Interviewers ............................................................. 10.83 4.7 35.6 11.10 5.0 34.8 – – –

Hotel clerks .............................................................. 8.86 6.7 38.3 8.86 8.1 38.0 – – –

Transportation ticket and reservation agents ........... 12.08 7.8 37.2 12.08 7.8 37.2 – – –

Receptionists ........................................................... 9.52 2.5 35.5 9.50 2.5 35.4 – – –

Information clerks, n.e.c. .......................................... 11.08 2.4 33.6 11.03 2.4 33.5 – – –

Order clerks ............................................................. 11.08 3.0 36.1 11.08 3.0 36.1 – – –

Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping ... 13.41 4.1 39.7 13.60 4.2 39.7 – – –

Library clerks ........................................................... 11.76 4.8 29.7 12.14 4.7 29.0 – – –

File clerks ................................................................. 8.56 4.6 33.5 8.71 4.6 34.2 – – –

Records clerks, n.e.c. .............................................. 12.14 3.3 38.3 12.28 3.7 38.1 – – –

Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ......... 12.68 1.6 39.1 12.86 1.5 39.0 9.55 2.7 40.0

Payroll and timekeeping clerks ................................ 12.97 3.4 39.5 13.07 3.4 39.5 – – –

Billing clerks ............................................................. 11.25 3.5 39.1 11.19 3.9 39.0 – – –

Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators 9.82 6.0 31.7 9.82 6.0 31.7 – – –

Office machine operators, n.e.c. .............................. 9.61 12.1 38.4 9.61 12.1 38.4 – – –

Telephone operators ................................................ 9.81 5.5 38.0 9.81 5.5 38.0 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
155

Table 8-11. Pacific census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3 for

selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Administrative support, including clerical –Continued

Mail clerks, except postal service ............................ $8.78 5.7 39.1 $8.65 6.5 38.9 – – –

Messengers ............................................................. 11.32 8.8 36.2 11.59 8.2 36.2 – – –

Dispatchers .............................................................. 15.52 6.3 38.6 15.52 6.3 38.6 – – –

Production coordinators ........................................... 15.50 4.7 39.5 15.50 4.7 39.5 – – –

Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ....................... 11.08 4.3 38.1 11.16 5.0 38.7 – – –

Stock and inventory clerks ....................................... 11.52 3.2 35.8 11.43 3.4 35.5 – – –

Meter readers .......................................................... 15.83 7.3 39.0 15.83 7.3 39.0 – – –

Expeditors ................................................................ 14.54 11.3 39.7 14.54 11.3 39.7 – – –

Material recording, scheduling, and distribution

clerks, n.e.c. ........................................................... 13.59 6.7 36.6 13.64 6.8 36.7 – – –

Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators .. 14.01 5.7 39.2 14.01 5.7 39.2 – – –

Investigators and adjusters, except insurance ......... 13.64 8.7 39.0 13.64 8.7 39.0 – – –

Eligibility clerks, social welfare ................................. 13.52 3.2 39.7 13.49 3.3 39.7 – – –

Bill and account collectors ....................................... 11.98 5.0 38.9 11.98 5.0 38.9 – – –

General office clerks ................................................ 11.68 1.9 35.0 11.72 1.9 35.0 $10.22 8.9 34.6

Bank tellers .............................................................. 8.97 1.8 21.4 8.98 1.9 21.1 – – –

Data entry keyers ..................................................... 11.20 4.0 37.0 11.20 4.0 37.0 – – –

Statistical clerks ....................................................... 12.71 12.6 35.3 12.71 12.6 35.3 – – –

Teachers’ aides ....................................................... 10.40 3.4 24.3 10.60 3.4 24.1 – – –

Administrative support, n.e.c. .................................. 13.39 2.3 36.6 13.43 2.3 36.6 12.10 11.4 35.8

Blue collar .............................................................................. 13.14 2.1 37.9 13.25 2.1 37.9 11.60 5.6 37.4

Precision production, craft, and repair ............................ 17.62 2.4 39.6 17.75 2.5 39.6 15.10 1.4 39.8

Supervisors, mechanics and repairers .................... 23.92 2.9 40.2 24.03 3.0 40.2 – – –

Automobile mechanics ............................................. 16.80 4.3 39.6 16.80 4.3 39.6 – – –

Automobile mechanic apprentices ........................... 10.16 13.4 39.1 10.16 13.4 39.1 – – –

Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics .......... 17.66 2.6 40.0 17.66 2.6 40.0 – – –

Aircraft engine mechanics ....................................... 18.86 5.0 40.0 18.86 5.0 40.0 – – –

Automobile body and related repairers .................... 13.34 13.1 40.0 12.92 14.4 40.0 – – –

Aircraft mechanics, except engine ........................... 20.75 1.2 40.0 20.75 1.2 40.0 – – –

Heavy equipment mechanics ................................... 18.41 8.3 40.0 18.41 8.3 40.0 – – –

Industrial machinery repairers ................................. 18.38 2.8 39.3 18.52 2.9 39.2 – – –

Machinery maintenance ........................................... 11.55 11.5 39.8 11.55 11.5 39.8 – – –

Electronic repairers, communications and industrial

equipment .............................................................. 17.64 5.6 39.7 18.12 4.9 39.7 – – –

Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration

mechanics .............................................................. 20.50 12.5 37.4 20.96 13.1 37.1 – – –

Millwrights ................................................................ 17.53 5.7 40.0 17.53 5.7 40.0 – – –

Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c. ............................... 16.03 4.0 39.5 16.03 4.0 39.5 – – –

Supervisors, electricians and power transmission

installers ................................................................. 29.22 9.4 39.3 29.22 9.4 39.3 – – –

Supervisors, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 26.31 6.1 40.0 26.31 6.1 40.0 – – –

Supervisors, construction trades, n.e.c. ................... 23.56 8.2 39.5 24.32 9.4 39.3 – – –

Carpenters ............................................................... 19.23 3.7 38.2 19.36 3.6 38.5 – – –

Carpenter apprentices ............................................. 13.23 7.5 40.0 13.23 7.5 40.0 – – –

Electricians .............................................................. 21.32 6.9 40.0 23.03 4.2 40.0 – – –

Electrician apprentices ............................................. 15.11 4.6 40.0 15.02 9.0 40.0 – – –

Electrical power installers and repairers .................. 24.13 3.7 40.0 24.13 3.7 40.0 – – –

Painters, construction and maintenance .................. 13.83 17.5 40.0 13.49 19.8 40.0 – – –

Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ..................... 17.20 13.0 40.0 17.20 13.0 40.0 – – –

Plumber, pipefitter, and steamfitter apprentices ...... 14.16 7.3 40.0 14.16 7.3 40.0 – – –

Structural metal workers .......................................... 22.72 8.7 34.9 22.72 8.7 34.9 – – –

Construction trades, n.e.c. ....................................... 14.99 8.6 39.9 15.82 9.8 39.9 – – –

Drillers, oil well ......................................................... 16.22 8.5 41.3 16.22 8.5 41.3 – – –

Supervisors, production ........................................... 21.65 6.6 40.1 21.65 6.6 40.1 – – –

Tool and die makers ................................................ 17.47 7.5 40.5 17.47 7.5 40.5 – – –

Machinists ................................................................ 19.11 4.1 39.9 19.11 4.1 39.9 – – –

Layout workers ........................................................ 15.82 5.0 40.0 15.82 5.0 40.0 – – –

Sheet metal workers ................................................ 23.53 7.2 40.0 23.53 7.2 40.0 – – –

Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers ...... 9.39 5.4 39.3 9.39 5.4 39.3 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
156

Table 8-11. Pacific census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3 for

selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Precision production, craft, and repair –Continued

Miscellaneous precision workers, n.e.c. .................. $14.96 14.2 39.8 $14.96 14.2 39.8 – – –

Butchers and meat cutters ....................................... 12.53 8.4 39.1 12.64 10.2 39.0 – – –

Bakers ...................................................................... 11.58 6.1 37.1 11.58 6.1 37.1 – – –

Inspectors, testers, and graders .............................. 16.38 6.3 40.0 16.38 6.3 40.0 – – –

Water and sewer treatment plant operators ............ 19.20 3.6 40.0 19.41 4.4 40.0 – – –

Stationary engineers ................................................ 20.87 3.6 40.0 20.87 3.6 40.0 – – –

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ........... 10.44 2.4 39.2 10.39 2.5 39.3 $11.01 8.7 37.8

Punching and stamping press operators ................. 11.05 14.4 40.0 11.05 14.4 40.0 – – –

Drilling and boring machine operators ..................... 14.62 15.3 39.9 14.62 15.3 39.9 – – –

Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine

operators ................................................................ 9.51 9.0 40.2 9.51 9.0 40.2 – – –

Numerical control machine operators ...................... 15.44 7.9 40.0 15.44 7.9 40.0 – – –

Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c. ..................... 11.48 10.1 39.6 10.72 10.1 39.5 – – –

Molding and casting machine operators .................. 8.35 10.8 39.6 8.35 10.8 39.6 – – –

Metal plating machine operators .............................. 9.89 9.1 39.8 9.89 9.1 39.8 – – –

Sawing machine operators ...................................... – – – 6.82 13.7 40.0 – – –

Printing press operators ........................................... 15.57 9.4 38.2 15.57 9.4 38.2 – – –

Photoengravers and lithographers ........................... 13.90 11.9 39.0 13.90 11.9 39.0 – – –

Typesetters and compositors ................................... 13.52 10.3 39.1 13.52 10.3 39.1 – – –

Textile cutting machine operators ............................ 9.25 7.8 40.0 9.25 7.8 40.0 – – –

Textile sewing machine operators ........................... 7.01 5.6 38.5 7.01 5.6 38.5 – – –

Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators ..... 7.50 3.4 36.9 7.54 3.5 36.8 – – –

Cementing and gluing machine operators ............... 8.69 13.3 40.0 8.69 13.3 40.0 – – –

Packaging and filling machine operators ................. 9.72 7.6 35.0 9.70 8.3 37.4 – – –

Extruding and forming machine operators ............... 10.87 3.1 40.0 10.87 3.1 40.0 – – –

Mixing and blending machine operators .................. 10.39 9.8 40.1 10.39 9.8 40.1 – – –

Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine

operators ................................................................ 15.20 2.9 40.0 14.96 4.7 40.0 – – –

Painting and paint spraying machine operators ....... 11.11 13.3 39.9 11.11 13.3 39.9 – – –

Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food ....... 12.12 7.2 39.6 12.12 7.2 39.6 – – –

Crushing and grinding machine operators ............... 12.68 7.9 40.0 12.68 7.9 40.0 – – –

Slicing and cutting machine operators ..................... 9.83 10.5 38.2 9.83 10.5 38.2 – – –

Photographic process machine operators ............... 11.55 13.4 37.7 11.55 13.4 37.7 – – –

Miscellaneous machine operators, n.e.c. ................ 10.60 3.9 39.3 10.82 5.0 39.9 10.06 .0 37.9

Welders and cutters ................................................. 14.77 6.8 40.0 14.67 7.3 40.0 – – –

Solders and braziers ................................................ 8.71 9.3 40.0 8.71 9.3 40.0 – – –

Assemblers .............................................................. 9.65 4.4 39.0 9.65 4.4 39.0 – – –

Hand cutting and trimming ....................................... 6.02 13.9 40.0 6.02 13.9 40.0 – – –

Hand molding, casting, and forming ........................ 8.40 15.8 38.6 8.40 15.8 38.6 – – –

Hand painting, coating, and decorating ................... 10.15 22.0 40.0 10.15 22.0 40.0 – – –

Miscellaneous hand working, n.e.c. ......................... 8.52 6.7 39.5 8.52 6.7 39.5 – – –

Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ..... 11.22 6.9 39.6 11.22 6.9 39.6 – – –

Production testers .................................................... 11.45 7.9 40.0 11.45 7.9 40.0 – – –

Graders and sorters, except agricultural .................. 11.41 8.2 38.9 11.41 8.2 38.9 – – –

Transportation and material moving ............................... 13.66 2.7 36.7 13.92 2.7 36.9 10.94 3.5 34.5

Supervisors, motor vehicle operators ...................... 19.49 6.5 40.4 19.53 6.5 40.4 – – –

Truck drivers ............................................................ 14.07 3.6 39.1 14.19 3.7 39.0 – – –

Driver-sales workers ................................................ 11.59 8.6 35.7 11.59 8.6 35.7 – – –

Bus drivers ............................................................... 12.31 5.0 30.5 12.32 5.2 30.8 – – –

Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs ................................ 8.56 8.7 26.4 8.56 8.7 26.4 – – –

Parking lot attendants .............................................. 7.40 10.6 31.8 7.40 10.6 31.8 – – –

Motor transportation, n.e.c. ...................................... 7.19 14.3 28.9 7.37 16.0 35.9 – – –

Railroad conductors and yardmasters ..................... 25.21 15.8 41.6 25.21 15.8 41.6 – – –

Locomotive operating .............................................. 22.97 13.3 42.0 22.97 13.3 42.0 – – –

Sailors and deckhands ............................................ 18.69 9.0 38.0 18.69 9.0 38.0 – – –

Supervisors, material moving equipment ................. 14.89 6.7 42.3 14.89 6.7 42.3 – – –

Operating engineers ................................................ 20.05 2.8 40.0 20.05 2.8 40.0 – – –

Crane and tower operators ...................................... 18.35 15.0 40.0 18.35 15.0 40.0 – – –

Excavating and loading machine operators ............. 14.24 12.5 40.0 14.24 12.5 40.0 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
157

Table 8-11. Pacific census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3 for

selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Transportation and material moving –Continued

Grader, dozer, and scrapper operators ................... $16.07 11.8 40.0 $20.11 9.2 40.0 – – –

Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ..... 11.76 4.2 38.6 12.40 4.1 37.7 – – –

Miscellaneous material moving equipment

operators, n.e.c. ..................................................... 14.74 9.7 37.1 14.74 9.7 37.1 – – –

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ... 9.52 2.0 35.2 9.51 2.2 35.1 $9.60 3.0 36.9

Nursery workers ....................................................... 6.82 4.2 40.6 6.82 4.2 40.6 – – –

Supervisors, agriculture-related workers ................. 17.86 5.0 40.2 17.86 5.0 40.2 – – –

Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm ......... 11.79 6.2 38.2 11.71 5.6 37.9 – – –

Animal caretakers, except farm ............................... 11.74 7.1 36.2 11.74 7.1 36.2 – – –

Inspectors, agricultural products .............................. 7.43 1.6 33.0 7.43 1.6 33.0 – – –

Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and

laborers, n.e.c. ....................................................... 14.91 5.6 40.0 14.91 5.6 40.0 – – –

Helpers, mechanics and repairers ........................... 11.54 9.9 39.1 11.54 9.9 39.1 – – –

Helpers, construction trades .................................... 10.55 8.1 37.9 10.55 8.1 37.9 – – –

Construction laborers ............................................... 12.16 8.8 38.8 12.39 9.1 39.5 – – –

Production helpers ................................................... 8.00 4.1 37.8 7.99 4.1 37.8 – – –

Stock handlers and baggers .................................... 9.08 6.2 29.2 9.11 6.3 29.3 – – –

Machine feeders and offbearers .............................. 9.95 8.9 38.0 9.95 8.9 38.0 – – –

Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c. ............ 10.05 4.7 33.2 10.01 4.8 33.1 – – –

Garage and service station related .......................... 9.28 10.9 32.9 9.24 13.8 39.3 – – –

Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners ............... 6.92 7.2 38.3 6.86 7.2 37.9 – – –

Hand packers and packagers .................................. 7.70 3.9 36.8 7.71 4.0 36.8 – – –

Laborers, except construction, n.e.c. ....................... 9.47 4.1 35.8 9.56 4.1 35.1 – – –

Service .................................................................................... 10.47 2.1 33.3 10.53 2.2 33.3 9.17 .9 34.4

Protective service ........................................................ 15.59 5.6 37.6 15.64 5.7 37.5 14.17 5.4 40.0

Supervisors, firefighters and fire prevention ............ 22.75 4.3 50.1 22.75 4.3 50.1 – – –

Supervisors, police and detectives .......................... 29.26 4.1 40.4 29.26 4.1 40.4 – – –

Supervisors, guards ................................................. 18.72 15.4 38.7 18.72 15.4 38.7 – – –

Fire inspection and fire prevention ........................... 15.85 14.3 43.9 15.85 14.3 43.9 – – –

Firefighting ............................................................... 15.82 9.9 33.5 16.00 10.2 33.3 – – –

Police and detectives, public service ....................... 23.13 2.8 39.2 23.24 2.8 39.2 – – –

Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers 19.70 4.5 40.0 20.03 4.5 40.0 – – –

Correctional institution officers ................................. 17.53 2.8 40.0 17.54 2.9 40.0 – – –

Crossing guards ....................................................... 10.10 14.5 19.6 10.10 14.5 19.6 – – –

Guards and police, except public service ................ 7.89 4.7 36.4 7.87 4.8 36.3 – – –

Protective service, n.e.c. .......................................... 13.45 10.8 28.8 13.45 10.8 28.8 – – –

Food service ................................................................ 7.30 2.0 30.0 7.35 2.1 29.9 6.47 2.0 32.1

Supervisors, food preparation and service .............. 12.03 4.0 38.8 12.03 4.0 38.8 – – –

Bartenders ............................................................... 6.83 4.1 31.1 7.02 3.6 30.6 – – –

Waiters and waitresses ............................................ 5.40 2.1 26.6 5.38 2.3 26.5 – – –

Cooks ....................................................................... 9.02 3.2 36.8 9.11 3.4 36.6 – – –

Food counter, fountain, and related ......................... 6.53 5.9 27.0 6.57 6.1 27.0 – – –

Kitchen workers, food preparation ........................... 7.79 2.9 32.0 7.84 3.1 32.5 – – –

Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ............................... 5.89 4.6 27.5 5.92 4.9 27.3 – – –

Food preparation, n.e.c. ........................................... 6.77 3.1 28.2 6.78 3.1 28.0 – – –

Health service .............................................................. 9.28 2.3 34.4 9.35 2.5 34.3 8.32 3.2 36.6

Health aides, except nursing ................................... 11.10 2.3 33.3 11.28 2.5 33.5 8.81 1.6 31.9

Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants .................. 8.65 2.5 34.8 8.69 2.7 34.5 8.12 4.2 38.9

Cleaning and building service ...................................... 8.95 3.1 36.3 8.98 3.2 36.4 8.12 .8 31.6

Supervisors, cleaning and building service workers 12.55 8.7 40.4 12.68 9.0 40.5 – – –

Maids and housemen .............................................. 7.55 3.5 34.9 7.61 3.6 35.7 – – –

Janitors and cleaners ............................................... 8.94 4.1 36.2 8.94 4.2 36.3 8.67 1.6 34.5

Personal service .......................................................... 9.67 3.1 27.2 9.66 3.8 26.5 – – –

Supervisors, personal service .................................. 13.25 7.9 38.6 12.18 6.4 38.2 – – –

Hairdressers and cosmetologists ............................. 8.44 3.4 35.2 8.44 3.4 35.2 – – –

Attendants, amusement, and recreation facilities .... 6.53 3.6 27.2 6.75 5.2 23.5 – – –

Ushers ..................................................................... 5.59 3.3 10.8 5.59 3.3 10.8 – – –

Public transportation attendants .............................. 24.60 12.0 25.4 24.60 12.0 25.4 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
158

Table 8-11. Pacific census division:1 Mean hourly earnings2 and weekly hours by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas3 for

selected occupations, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupation5

Total Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error6

(percent)

Service –Continued

Personal service –Continued

Baggage porters and bellhops ................................. $8.08 9.5 35.5 $8.08 9.5 35.5 – – –

Welfare service aides .............................................. 7.71 8.1 26.4 7.71 8.1 26.4 – – –

Early childhood teachers’ assistants ........................ 8.46 3.2 27.9 8.36 3.2 27.3 – – –

Child care workers, n.e.c. ........................................ 9.99 7.9 23.7 9.83 8.2 23.4 – – –

Service, n.e.c. .......................................................... 8.87 9.2 28.3 8.11 6.1 28.5 – – –

1 The Pacific census division consists of Washington, Oregon, California, Alaska, and

Hawaii. However, Alaska and Hawaii were excluded from this survey. 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They

include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium

pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is

computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,

weighted by hours. 3 Metropolitan areas can be a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) or Consolidated

Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) as defined by the Office of Management and Budget,

1994. Nonmetropolitan areas are counties that do not fit the definitions above. For more

information, see appendix E.

4 In this census division, collection was conducted between October 1996 and April

1998. The average reference period was May 1997. 5 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all

workers in the civilian economy. For more information, see appendix B. 6 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the

estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For

more information about RSEs, see appendix A.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication

criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may

include data for categories not shown separately. 
159

Table 9-1. Largest 10 metropolitan areas1 ranked by employment size: Mean hourly earnings2 by occupational group, National

Compensation Survey, 1996-1998

Occupational group3

(1)

New YorkNorthern New

JerseyLong Island 

(February 1997)

(2)

Los AngelesRiversideOrange County 

(January 1997)

(3)

ChicagoGaryKenosha 

(July 1997)

(4)

WashingtonBaltimore 

(February 1997)

(5)

San FranciscoOaklandSan Jose

(January 1997)

All ................................................................................................. $19.23 $16.62 $16.86 $16.57 $19.69

White collar ............................................................................. 23.10 20.73 20.79 19.41 23.53

White collar excluding sales ............................................. 23.97 21.50 21.09 20.00 24.19

Professional specialty and technical ..................................... 28.39 26.37 25.00 23.40 27.82

Professional specialty ....................................................... 30.34 28.36 26.20 24.86 29.41

Technical .......................................................................... 19.69 18.60 21.07 17.26 20.78

Executive, administrative, and managerial ........................... 32.48 30.01 27.77 25.61 32.30

Sales ..................................................................................... 15.12 14.98 18.46 14.99 18.27

Administrative support, including clerical .............................. 14.01 12.44 12.62 12.07 14.00

Blue collar ............................................................................... 14.05 12.18 13.66 13.87 14.84

Precision production, craft, and repair .................................. 19.57 17.85 18.91 17.01 19.13

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .................. 10.53 9.14 11.58 11.99 12.29

Transportation and material moving ..................................... 15.40 11.31 14.92 13.56 –

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .......... 10.94 8.77 10.64 10.46 –

Service ..................................................................................... 12.17 10.14 10.48 9.60 11.47

Protective service ................................................................. 18.62 16.07 16.24 15.10 –

Food service ......................................................................... 8.18 7.01 7.57 7.11 7.91

Health service ....................................................................... 9.69 8.44 8.73 8.95 11.10

Cleaning and building service ............................................... 11.42 7.65 9.29 7.99 –

Personal service ................................................................... 10.00 9.30 10.37 9.21 12.37

(6)

BostonWorcesterLawrence 

(August 1997)

(7)

PhiladelphiaWilmingtonAtlantic City 

(February 1998)

(8)

DetroitAnn ArborFlint 

(January 1997)

(9)

DallasFort Worth

(December 1996)

(10)

HoustonGalvestonBrazoria

(October 1997)

All ................................................................................................. $17.99 $18.08 $16.92 $14.90 $16.26

White collar ............................................................................. 21.14 21.59 20.40 18.69 19.94

White collar excluding sales ............................................. 21.86 22.36 21.23 19.27 20.90

Professional specialty and technical ..................................... 25.06 26.81 25.38 22.09 24.15

Professional specialty ....................................................... 27.29 29.18 27.38 23.41 26.45

Technical .......................................................................... 17.32 18.56 18.29 – 18.02

Executive, administrative, and managerial ........................... 29.11 28.48 28.84 26.52 29.95

Sales ..................................................................................... 14.84 15.98 14.20 13.99 13.96

Administrative support, including clerical .............................. 12.55 12.81 12.13 11.07 11.47

Blue collar ............................................................................... 13.68 14.43 15.24 11.35 12.41

Precision production, craft, and repair .................................. 17.60 17.80 19.12 14.99 15.93

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .................. 11.42 12.98 14.25 9.95 10.73

Transportation and material moving ..................................... 14.80 13.73 14.46 13.25 12.73

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .......... 10.34 11.55 9.75 8.26 8.12

Service ..................................................................................... 10.57 10.35 9.23 7.69 8.25

Protective service ................................................................. 14.54 15.55 – 11.13 12.52

Food service ......................................................................... 7.50 7.02 6.49 6.08 5.99

Health service ....................................................................... 9.81 9.98 8.25 7.29 7.81

Cleaning and building service ............................................... 10.56 9.90 10.60 6.78 6.70

Personal service ................................................................... 10.45 10.04 8.09 – 9.40

1 Metropolitan areas can be a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) or Consolidated

Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) as defined by the Office of Management and

Budget, 1994. The largest 10 metropolitan areas are all CMSAs. 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They

include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium

pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is

computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,

weighted by hours. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover

all workers in the civilian economy. For more information, see appendix B. 

NOTE: Dashes indicate that data did not meet publication criteria. 
160

Appendix A: Technical Note

This section provides basic information on the procedures and concepts used to produce the data contained in this bulletin. It is divided into three parts:

Planning for the survey; data collection; and processing and

analyzing the data. While this section answers some questions commonly asked by data users, it is not a comprehensive description of all the steps required to produce the data.

Planning for the Survey

The overall design of the survey, which was based on the

type of data to be produced, had to be developed before data

collection could begin.

Survey scope

The National Compensation Survey (NCS) studied 16,046

establishments with 50 workers or more, representing nearly

67 million workers within scope of the survey. (See appendix table 2.) The survey covered goods-producing industries

(mining, construction and manufacturing); service-producing industries (transportation, communications, electric, gas,

and sanitary services; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance,

insurance, and real estate; and services industries); and State

and local governments. Agriculture, private households, and

the Federal Government were excluded from the scope of

the survey. For purposes of this survey an establishment was

an economic unit that produces goods or services, a central

administrative office, or an auxiliary unit providing support

services to a company. For private industries, the establishment was usually at a single physical location. For State and

local governments, an establishment was defined as all locations of a government entity.

The geographical scope of the NCS was limited to the 48

contiguous States.

Sampling frame

The list of establishments from which the survey sample was

selected (sampling frame) was developed from State unemployment insurance reports. The reference month for the

public sector is June 1994. Due to the volatility of industries

within the private sector, sampling frames were developed

using the most recent month of reference available at the

time the sample was selected. The reference month for the

private sector is March 1996. The sampling frame was reviewed prior to the survey and, when necessary, missing establishments were added, out-of-business and out-of-scope

establishments were removed, and addresses, employment

levels, industry classification, and other information were

updated.

Sample design

The sample for the NCS was selected using a 3-stage design. The first stage consists of the selection of areas. The

NCS sample includes 149 metropolitan areas and

nonmetropolitan counties that represent the Nation’s 326

metropolitan statistical areas (as defined by the Office of

Management and Budget, 1994) and the remaining portions

of the 48 contiguous States. (See appendix E.) Metropolitan

areas are defined as Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA)

and Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas (CMSA).

Nonmetropolitan areas are counties that do not fit the metropolitan area definition.

In the second stage, the sample of establishments was

drawn by first stratifying the sampling frame by industry and

ownership. The number of sample establishments allocated

to each stratum is approximately proportional to the stratum

employment. Each sampled establishment is selected within

a stratum with a probability proportional to its employment.

Use of this technique means that the larger an establishment’s

employment, the greater its chance of selection. Weights were

applied to each establishment when the data were tabulated

so that it represents similar units (by industry and employment size) in the economy which were not selected for collection.

The third stage of sample selection was a probability

sample of occupations within a sampled establishment.

Data collection

The collection of data from survey respondents required

detailed procedures. Collection was the responsibility of the

field economists, working out of a BLS regional office, who

visited each establishment surveyed. Collection was conducted between October 1996 and July 1998. The average

payroll reference month was August 1997. For each establishment in the survey, the data reflect the establishment’s

practices on the day of collection.

Occupational selection and classification

Identification of the occupations for which wage data were

to be collected was a multi-step process:

1. Probability-proportional-to-size selection of establishment jobs

2. Classification of jobs into occupations based on the
161

Census of Population system

3. Characterization of jobs as full-time v. part-time, union

v. nonunion, and time v. incentive

4. Determination of the level of work of each job

For each occupation, wage data were collected for those

workers who met all the criteria identified in the last three

steps. Special procedures were developed for jobs for which

a correct classification or level could not be determined.

In step one, the jobs to be sampled were selected at each

establishment by the BLS field economist during a personal

visit. A complete list of employees was used for sampling,

with each selected worker representing a job within the establishment.

As with the selection of establishments, the selection of a

job was based on probability proportional to its size in the

establishment. The greater the number of people working in

a job in the establishment, the greater its chance of selection.

The number of jobs collected in each establishment was

based on an establishment’s employment size as shown in

the following schedule:

Number of employees Number of selected jobs

50-99 8

100-249 10

250-999 12

1000-2,499 16

2,500+ 20

The second step of the process entailed classifying the

selected jobs into occupations based on their duties. The

National Compensation Survey occupational classification

system is based on the 1990 Census of Population. A selected job may fall into any one of about 480 occupational

classifications, from accountant to wood lathe operator. In

cases where a job’s duties overlapped two or more census

classification codes, the duties used to set the wage level

were used to classify the job. Classification by primary duties was the fallback.

Each occupational classification is an element of a broader

classification known as a major occupational group (MOG).

Occupations can fall into any of the following MOG’s:

• Professional specialty and technical

• Executive, administrative, and managerial

• Sales

• Administrative support, including clerical

• Precision production, craft, and repair

• Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors

• Transportation and material moving

• Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers

• Service occupations

A complete list of all individual occupations, classified

by the MOG to which they belong, is contained in appendix

B.

In step three, certain other job characteristics of the chosen worker were identified. First, the worker was identified

as holding either a full-time or part-time job, based on the

establishment’s definition of those terms. Then the worker

was classified as having a time versus incentive job, depending on whether any part of pay was directly based on the

actual production of the worker, rather than solely on hours

worked. Finally, the worker was identified as being in a union

job or a nonunion job. See the “Definition of Terms” section

on the following page for more details.

Generic leveling through point factor analysis

In the last step before wage data were collected, the work

level of each selected job was determined using a “generic

leveling” process. Generic leveling ranks and compares all

occupations randomly selected in an establishment using the

same criteria. This is a major departure from the method

used in the past in the Bureau’s Occupational Compensation

Surveys which studied specifically defined occupations with

leveling definitions unique to each occupation.

For this survey, the level of each occupation in an establishment was determined by an analysis of each of 10 leveling factors. Nine of these factors are drawn from the U.S.

Government Office of Personnel Management’s Factor

Evaluation System, which is the underlying structure for

evaluation of General Schedule Federal employees. The tenth

factor, supervisory duties, attempts to account for the effect

of supervisory duties. It is considered experimental. The 10

factors are:

• Knowledge

• Supervision received

• Guidelines

• Complexity

• Scope and effect

• Personal contacts

• Purpose of contacts

• Physical demands

• Work environment
162

• Supervisory duties

Each factor contains a number of levels and each level

has an associated written description and point value. The

number and range of points differ among the factors. For

each factor, an occupation was assigned a level based on

which written description best matched the job. Within each

occupation, the points for nine factors (supervisory duties

was excluded) were recorded and totaled. The total determines the overall level of the occupation. A description of

the levels for each factor is shown in appendix C.

Tabulations of levels of work for occupations in the survey follow the Federal Government’s white-collar General

Schedule. Point ranges for each of the 15 levels are shown in

appendix D. It also includes an example of a leveled job.

Wage data collected in prior surveys using the new generic leveling method were evaluated by BLS researchers

using regression techniques. For each of the major occupational groups, wages were compared to the 10 generic level

factors (and levels within those factors). The analysis showed

that several of the generic level factors, most notably knowledge and supervision received, had strong explanatory power

for wages. That is, as the levels within a given factor increased, the wages also increased. Detailed research continues in the area. BLS will publish the results of this research

in the future.

Earnings

Earnings were defined as regular payments from the employer

to the employee as compensation for straight-time hourly

work, or for any salaried work performed. The following

components were included as part of earnings:

• Incentive pay, including commissions, production bonuses, and piece rates

• Cost-of-living allowances

• Hazard pay

• Payments of income deferred due to participation in

a salary reduction plan

• Deadhead pay, defined as pay given to transportation

workers returning in a vehicle without freight or passengers

The following forms of payments were not considered

part of straight-time earnings:

• Shift differentials, defined as extra payment for working a schedule that varies from the norm, such as

night or weekend work

• Premium pay for overtime, holidays, and weekends

• Bonuses not directly tied to production (e.g., Christmas bonuses, profit-sharing bonuses)

• Uniform and tool allowances

• Free room and board

• Payments made by third parties (e.g., tips, bonuses

given by manufacturers to department store sales

people, referral incentives in real estate)

• On-call pay

To calculate earnings for various time periods (hourly,

weekly, and annual), BLS also collected data on work schedules. For hourly workers, scheduled hours worked per day

and per week, exclusive of overtime, were recorded, and

annual weeks worked were determined. Because salaried

workers, exempt from overtime provisions, often work beyond the assigned work schedule, their typical number of

hours actually worked was collected. In this summary bulletin, only hourly earnings are presented.

Definition of terms

Full-time worker. Any employee that the employer considers to be full time.

Incentive worker. Any employee whose earnings are tied, at

least in part, to commissions, piece rates, production bonuses,

or other incentives based on production or sales.

Level. A ranking of an occupation based on the requirements

of the position. (See the description above and the example

in appendix D for more details on the leveling process.)

Nonunion worker. An employee in an occupation not meeting the conditions for union coverage (see below).

Part-time worker. Any employee that the employer considers to be part-time.

Straight-time. Time worked at the standard rate of pay for

the job.

Time-based worker. Any employee whose earnings are tied

to an hourly rate or salary, and not to a specific level of production.

Union worker. Any employee is in a union occupation when

all of the following conditions are met:

• A labor organization is recognized as the bargaining

agent for all workers in the occupation.

• Wage and salary rates are determined through collective bargaining or negotiations.

• Settlement terms, which must include earnings provisions and may include benefit provisions, are embodied in a

signed, mutually binding collective bargaining agreement.
163

Processing and analyzing the data

Data were processed and analyzed at the Bureau’s National

Office following collection.

Weighting and nonresponse

Sample weights were calculated for each establishment and

occupation in the survey. These weights reflected the relative size of the occupation within the establishment and of

the establishment within the sample universe. Weights were

used to aggregate the individual establishment and occupations into the various data series. If data were not provided

by a sample member, the weights of responding sample members in the same or similar “cells” were adjusted to account

for the missing data. This technique assumes that the mean

value of the nonrespondents equals the mean value of the

respondents at some detailed “cell” level. Responding and

nonresponding establishments were classified into these cells

according to industry and employment size. Responding and

nonresponding occupations within responding establishments

were classified into cells which were additionally defined

by major occupation group and job level.

Establishments that were determined to be out of business or outside the scope of the survey had their weights

changed to zero. If only partial data were given by a sample

establishment or occupation, or data were missing, the response was treated as a refusal.

Estimation

The wage series in the tables are computed by combining

the wages for individual establishment and occupations.

Before being combined, individual wage rates are weighted

by: number of workers; the sample weight adjusted for

nonresponding establishments and other factors; and the

occupation work schedule, varying depending on whether

hourly, weekly, or annual rates are being calculated.

Not all series that were calculated met the criteria for

publication. Before any series was published, it was reviewed

to make sure that the number of observations underlying it

was sufficient. This review prevented publishing a series that

could have revealed information about a specific establishment.

The estimates of the number of workers in appendix table

2 represent the total in all establishments within the scope of

the study and not the number actually surveyed. Because

occupational structures among establishments differ, estimates of the number of workers obtained from the sample of

establishments serve only to indicate the relative importance

of the occupational groups studied.

Data reliability

The data in this bulletin are estimates from a scientifically

selected probability sample. There are two types of errors

possible in an estimate based on a sample survey, sampling

and nonsampling.

Sampling errors occur because observations come only

from a sample and not from an entire population. The sample

used for this survey is one of a number of possible samples

of the same size that could have been selected using the

sample design. Estimates derived from the different samples

would differ from each other.

A measure of the variation among these differing estimates is called the standard error or sampling error. It indicates the precision with which an estimate from a particular

sample approximates the average result of all possible

samples. The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard

error divided by the estimate. RSEs are presented for most

of the tables in this bulletin.

The standard error can be used to calculate a “confidence

interval” around a sample estimate. As an example, table 1-

1 shows that mean hourly earnings for all workers was $15.09

per hour and an RSE of 0.6 percent for this estimate. At the

90-percent level, the confidence interval for this estimate is

$15.24 to $14.94 ($15.09 x 1.645 x 0.006 = $0.149, round

to $0.15); ($15.09 + .15 = $15.24; $15.09 - .15 = $14.94). If

all possible samples were selected to estimate the population value, the interval from each sample would include the

true population value approximately 90 percent of the time.

Nonsampling errors also affect survey results. They can

stem from many sources, such as inability to obtain information for some establishments, difficulties with survey definitions, inability of the respondents to provide correct information, or mistakes in recording or coding the data obtained.

A Technical Reinterview Program done in all survey areas

will be used in the development of a formal quality assessment process to help compute nonsampling error. Although

they were not specifically measured, the nonsampling errors

were expected to be minimal due to the extensive training of

the field economists who gathered the survey data by personal visit, computer edits of the data, and detailed data review.
164

Appendix table 1. Number of establishments represented by the survey and number studied by industry group and establishment

employment size, United States, National Compensation Survey,1 1997

Industry division

Number of

establishments represented2

Number of establishments studied

Total 50 - 99

workers

100 - 499

workers

500 - 999

workers

1000 -

2,499

workers

2,500 -

4,999

workers

5,000 or

more

workers

All .................................................................................................... 335,300 16,046 4,421 6,954 1,950 1,656 652 413

Private Industry .......................................................................... 305,900 13,643 4,177 6,177 1,497 1,193 425 174

Goods-producing industries ..................................................... 80,100 3,928 951 1,835 573 354 150 65

Mining .................................................................................. 1,500 156 64 67 18 6 1 –

Construction ......................................................................... 13,900 465 240 192 27 5 – 1

Manufacturing ...................................................................... 64,700 3,307 647 1,576 528 343 149 64

Durable goods ................................................................. 36,300 2,080 394 933 341 233 124 55

Fabricated metal products, except machinery and

transportation equipment ....................................... 6,600 301 71 178 27 18 6 1

Industrial and commercial machinery and computer

equipment .............................................................. 6,600 372 83 167 64 38 16 4

Electronic and electrical equipment ............................. 6,100 350 54 151 73 45 15 12

Transportation equipment ............................................ 2,500 325 29 87 53 60 66 30

Measuring, analyzing, and controlling instruments ...... 2,600 207 28 91 41 34 8 5

Nondurable goods ........................................................... 28,400 1,227 253 643 187 110 25 9

Food and kindred products .......................................... 4,500 255 51 136 46 20 2 –

Printing, publishing, and allied industries ..................... 5,100 283 61 143 36 32 9 2

Chemicals and allied products ..................................... 3,800 221 36 90 54 30 8 3

Service-producing industries ................................................... 225,800 9,715 3,226 4,342 924 839 275 109

Tranportation and utilities .................................................... 19,500 954 276 397 111 117 31 22

Wholesale trade ................................................................... 18,000 604 250 284 43 22 3 2

Retail trade .......................................................................... 80,100 2,278 1,087 986 116 67 21 1

Finance, insurance and real estate ...................................... 18,200 796 235 310 102 92 32 25

Depository institutions ...................................................... 5,400 261 73 95 36 27 13 17

Insurance carriers ............................................................ 4,000 250 45 104 42 40 15 4

Services ............................................................................... 90,100 5,083 1,378 2,365 552 541 188 59

Business services ............................................................ 22,100 989 275 518 113 70 11 2

Educational services ........................................................ 4,500 767 307 337 66 33 13 11

Health services ................................................................ 26,500 1,825 278 796 242 340 134 35

Hospitals ...................................................................... 4,500 854 16 177 176 318 132 35

Engineering, accounting, research, management, and

related services .......................................................... 6,400 334 108 147 35 31 11 2

State and local government ...................................................... 29,400 2,403 244 777 453 463 227 239

Health services ................................................................ 2,500 310 37 90 54 65 40 24

Hospitals ...................................................................... 1,400 197 11 36 40 53 36 21

1 This survey covers the 48 contiguous States. Collection was conducted between

October 1996 and July 1998. The average reference period was August 1997. 2 Number of establishments represented by the survey rounded to the nearest 100.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported. Overall industry and industry groups

may include data for categories not shown separately.
165

Appendix table 2. Number of workers1 represented by the survey, by occupational group,2 United

States, National Compensation Survey,3 1997

Occupational group All industries Private industry State and local

government

All ............................................................................................. 66,970,200 52,053,400 14,916,900

All excluding sales ................................................................ 62,159,900 47,301,100 14,858,700

White collar ......................................................................... 35,582,800 25,477,500 10,105,300

White collar excluding sales ............................................. 30,772,400 20,725,300 10,047,100

Professional specialty and technical ................................. 13,598,200 7,732,500 5,865,700

Professional specialty occupations ............................... 10,825,200 5,460,000 5,365,200

Technical occupations .................................................. 2,773,000 2,272,500 500,500

Executive, administrative, and managerial ....................... 5,682,700 4,365,900 1,316,800

Sales ................................................................................. 4,810,400 4,752,200 58,100

Administrative support, including clerical .......................... 11,491,400 8,626,900 2,864,600

Blue collar ........................................................................... 18,852,100 17,331,100 1,521,000

Precision production, craft, and repair .............................. 5,332,100 4,734,500 597,600

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. 6,018,000 5,981,600 36,400

Transportation and material moving ................................. 2,629,700 2,102,600 527,100

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ...... 4,872,300 4,512,400 359,900

Service ................................................................................. 12,535,400 9,244,800 3,290,600

1 Estimates of the number of workers provide a description of

size and composition of the labor force included in the survey.

Estimates are not intended, however, for comparison with other

statistical series to measure employment trends or levels. Both

full-time and part-time workers were included in the survey. 2 A classification system including about 480 individual

occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy.

For more information, see appendix B. 3 This survey covers the 48 contiguous States. Collection was

conducted between October 1996 and July 1998. The average

reference period was August 1997.
166

Appendix B: Occupational

Classifications

Major group A:

PROFESSIONAL SPECIALTY AND TECHNICAL

OCCUPATIONS

PROFESSIONAL SPECIALTY OCCUPATIONS

ENGINEERS, ARCHITECTS, AND SURVEYORS

 A043 Architects

 A044 Aerospace Engineers

A045 Metallurgical and Materials Engineers

 A046 Mining Engineers

 A047 Petroleum Engineers

 A048 Chemical Engineers

 A049 Nuclear Engineers

 A053 Civil Engineers

 A054 Agricultural Engineers

A055 Electrical and Electronic Engineers

 A056 Industrial Engineers

 A057 Mechanical Engineers

A058 Marine Engineers and Naval Architects

 A059 Engineers, n.e.c.1

A063 Surveyors and Mapping Scientists

MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER SCIENTISTS

A064 Computer Systems Analysts and Scientists

A065 Operations and Systems Researchers and

Analysts

 A066 Actuaries

 A067 Statisticians

A068 Mathematical Scientists, n.e.c.

NATURAL SCIENTISTS

A069 Physicists and Astronomers

A073 Chemists, Except Biochemists

A074 Atmospheric and Space Scientists

A075 Geologists and Geodesists

A076 Physical Scientists, n.e.c.

A077 Agricultural and Food Scientists

A078 Biological and Life Scientists

A079 Forestry and Conservation Scientists

NOTE: The 4-digit code before each occupation title is used to classify the job into one of three major groups.

White-collar workers include those classified in major groups A through D. Blue-collar workers include those

classified in major groups E through H. Service workers are classified in major group K.

 A083 Medical Scientists

HEALTH RELATED OCCUPATIONS

 A084 Physicians

 A085 Dentists

 A086 Veterinarians

 A087 Optometrists

 A088 Podiatrists

A089 Health Diagnosing Practitioners, n.e.c.

 A095 Registered Nurses

 A096 Pharmacists

 A097 Dietitians

 A098 Respiratory Therapists

 A099 Occupational Therapists

 A103 Physical Therapists

 A104 Speech Therapists

 A105 Therapists, n.e.c.

 A106 Physicians’ Assistants

TEACHERS, COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY

A113 Earth, Environmental, and Marine Science

Teachers

A114 Biological Science Teachers

 A115 Chemistry Teachers

 A116 Physics Teachers

A117 Natural Science Teachers, n.e.c.

 A118 Psychology Teachers

 A119 Economics Teachers

 A123 History Teachers

A124 Political Science Teachers

 A125 Sociology Teachers

A126 Social Science Teachers, n.e.c.

 A127 Engineering Teachers

A128 Mathematical Science Teachers

A129 Computer Science Teachers

A133 Medical Science Teachers

A134 Health Specialties Teachers

A135 Business, Commerce, and Marketing

Teachers

A136 Agriculture and Forestry Teachers 1

 n.e.c. is an occupation title that means "not elsewhere classified."
167

A137 Art, Drama, and Music Teachers

A138 Physical Education Teachers

 A139 Education Teachers

 A143 English Teachers

A144 Foreign Language Teachers

 A145 Law Teachers

 A146 Social Work Teachers

 A147 Theology Teachers

 A148 Trade and Industrial Teachers

A149 Home Economics Teachers

A153 Teachers, Post Secondary, n.e.c.

 A154 Post Secondary Teachers, Subject not specified

TEACHERS, EXCEPT COLLEGE AND

UNIVERSITY

A155 Prekindergarten and Kindergarten Teachers

A156 Elementary School Teachers

A157 Secondary School Teachers

A158 Teachers, Special Education

 A159 Teachers, n.e.c.

 A160 Substitute Teachers

A163 Vocational and Educational Counselors

LIBRARIANS, ARCHIVISTS, AND CURATORS

 A164 Librarians

A165 Archivists and Curators

SOCIAL SCIENTISTS AND URBAN PLANNERS

 A166 Economists

 A167 Psychologists

 A168 Sociologists

A169 Social Scientists, n.e.c.

 A173 Urban Planners

SOCIAL, RECREATION, AND RELIGIOUS WORKERS

 A174 Social Workers

 A175 Recreation Workers

 A176 Clergy

 A177 Religious Workers, n.e.c.

LAWYERS AND JUDGES

 A178 Lawyers

 A179 Judges

WRITERS, AUTHORS, ENTERTAINERS,

ATHLETES, AND PROFESSIONALS, N.E.C.

 A183 Authors

 A184 Technical Writers

 A185 Designers

A186 Musicians and Composers

A187 Actors and Directors

A188 Painters, Sculptors, Craft-Artists, and Artist

Print-Makers

 A189 Photographers

 A193 Dancers

A194 Artists, Performers, and Related Workers,

n.e.c.

A195 Editors and Reporters

A197 Public Relations Specialists

 A198 Announcers

 A199 Athletes

A999 Professional Occupations, n.e.c.

TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS

HEALTH TECHNOLOGISTS AND TECHNICIANS

A203 Clinical Laboratory Technologists and

Technicians

 A204 Dental Hygienists

A205 Health Record Technologists and Technicians

 A206 Radiologic Technicians

A207 Licensed Practical Nurses

A208 Health Technologists and Technicians, n.e.c.

ENGINEERING AND RELATED TECHNOLOGISTS AND TECHNICIANS

A213 Electrical and Electronic Technicians

A214 Industrial Engineering Technicians

A215 Mechanical Engineering Technicians

A216 Engineering Technicians, n.e.c.

 A217 Drafters

A218 Surveying and Mapping Technicians

SCIENCE TECHNICIANS

 A223 Biological Technicians

 A224 Chemical Technicians

A225 Science Technicians, n.e.c.

MISCELLANEOUS TECHNICIANS

A226 Airplane Pilots and Navigators

 A227 Air Traffic Controllers

A228 Broadcast Equipment Operators

 A229 Computer Programmers

A233 Tool Programmers, Numerical Control

 A234 Legal Assistants

A235 Technical and Related Occupations, n.e.c.
168

Major group B:

EXECUTIVE, ADMINISTRATIVE, AND

MANAGERIAL OCCUPATIONS

EXECUTIVES, ADMINISTRATORS, AND

MANAGERS

B003 Legislators

B004 Chief Executives and General Administrators, Public Administration

B005 Administrators and Officials, Public

Administration

B007 Financial Managers

B008 Personnel and Labor Relations Managers

B009 Purchasing Managers

B013 Managers; Marketing, Advertising and

Public Relations

B014 Administrators, Education and Related Fields

B015 Managers, Medicine and Health

B016 Postmasters and Mail Superintendents

B017 Managers, Food Serving and Lodging

Establishments

B018 Managers, Properties and Real Estate

B019 Funeral Directors

B021 Managers, Service Organizations, n.e.c.

B022 Managers and Administrators, n.e.c.

MANAGEMENT RELATED OCCUPATIONS

B023 Accountants and Auditors

B024 Underwriters

B025 Other Financial Officers

B026 Management Analysts

B027 Personnel, Training, and Labor Relations

Specialists

B028 Purchasing Agents and Buyers, Farm

Products

B029 Buyers, Wholesale and Retail Trade, Except

Farm Products

B033 Purchasing Agents and Buyers, n.e.c.

B034 Business and Promotion Agents

B035 Construction Inspectors

B036 Inspectors and Compliance Officers, Except

Construction

B037 Management Related Occupations, n.e.c.

Major group C:

SALES OCCUPATIONS

C243 Supervisors: Sales Occupations

FINANCE AND BUSINESS SERVICES, SALES

REPRESENTATIVES

C253 Insurance Sales Occupations

C254 Real Estate Sales Occupations

C255 Securities and Financial Services Sales

Occupations

C256 Advertising and Related Sales Occupations

C257 Sales Occupations, Other Business Services

SALES REPRESENTATIVES, COMMODITIES

EXCEPT RETAIL

C258 Sales Engineers

C259 Sales Representatives: Mining, Manufacturing, and Wholesale

RETAIL AND PERSONAL SERVICES SALES

WORKERS

C263 Sales Workers, Motor Vehicles and Boats

C264 Sales Workers, Apparel

C265 Sales Workers, Shoes

C266 Sales Workers, Furniture and Home Furnishings

C267 Sales Workers, Radio, TV, Hi-Fi, and

Appliances

C268 Sales Workers, Hardware and Building

Supplies

C269 Sales Workers, Parts

C274 Sales Workers, Other Commodities

C275 Sales Counter Clerks

C276 Cashiers

C277 Street and Door-To-Door Sales Workers

C278 News Vendors

SALES RELATED OCCUPATIONS

C283 Demonstrators, Promoters, and Models,

Sales

C284 Auctioneers

C285 Sales Support Occupations, n.e.c.

Major group D:

ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS,

INCLUDING CLERICAL

SUPERVISORS, CLERICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT

D303 Supervisors: General Office

D304 Supervisors: Computer Equipment Operators

D305 Supervisors: Financial Records Processing

D306 Chief Communications Operators

D307 Supervisors: Distribution, Scheduling, and

Adjusting Clerks

COMPUTER EQUIPMENT OPERATORS

D308 Computer Operators
169

D309 Peripheral Equipment Operators

SECRETARIES, STENOGRAPHERS, AND

TYPISTS

D313 Secretaries

D314 Stenographers

D315 Typists

INFORMATION CLERKS

D316 Interviewers

D317 Hotel Clerks

D318 Transportation Ticket and Reservation

Agents

D319 Receptionists

D323 Information Clerks, n.e.c.

RECORDS PROCESSING CLERKS, EXCEPT

FINANCIAL

D325 Classified-Ad Clerks

D326 Correspondence Clerks

D327 Order Clerks

D328 Personnel Clerks, Except Payroll and

Timekeeping

D329 Library Clerks

D335 File Clerks

D336 Records Clerks, n.e.c.

FINANCIAL RECORDS PROCESSING CLERKS

D337 Bookkeepers, Accounting, and Auditing

Clerks

D338 Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks

D339 Billing Clerks

D343 Cost and Rate Clerks

D344 Billing, Posting, and Calculating Machine

Operators

DUPLICATING, MAIL, AND OTHER OFFICE

MACHINE OPERATORS

D345 Duplicating Machine Operators

D346 Mail Preparing and Paper Handling Machine

Operators

D347 Office Machine Operators, n.e.c.

COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT OPERATORS

D348 Telephone Operators

D353 Communications Equipment Operators,

n.e.c.

MAIL AND MESSAGE DISTRIBUTING

OCCUPATIONS

D356 Mail Clerks, Except Postal Service

D357 Messengers

MATERIAL RECORDING, SCHEDULING, AND

DISTRIBUTING CLERKS

D359 Dispatchers

D363 Production Coordinators

D364 Traffic, Shipping, and Receiving Clerks

D365 Stock and Inventory Clerks

D366 Meter Readers

D368 Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and

Samplers

D373 Expeditors

D374 Material Recording, Scheduling, and

Distributing Clerks, n.e.c.

ADJUSTERS AND INVESTIGATORS

D375 Insurance Adjusters, Examiners, and

Investigators

D376 Investigators and Adjusters, Except

Insurance

D377 Eligibility Clerks, Social Welfare

D378 Bill and Account Collectors

MISCELLANEOUS ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT

OCCUPATIONS

D379 General Office Clerks

D383 Bank Tellers

D384 Proofreaders

D385 Data Entry Keyers

D386 Statistical Clerks

D387 Teachers’ Aides

D389 Administrative Support Occupations, n.e.c.

Major group E:

PRECISION PRODUCTION, CRAFT, AND REPAIR

OCCUPATIONS

 MECHANICS AND REPAIRERS

E503 Supervisors: Mechanics and Repairers

E505 Automobile Mechanics

E506 Automobile Mechanic Apprentices

E507 Bus, Truck, and Stationary Engine Mechanics

E508 Aircraft Engine Mechanics

E509 Small Engine Repairers

E514 Automobile Body and Related Repairers

E515 Aircraft Mechanics, Except Engine

E516 Heavy Equipment Mechanics

E517 Farm Equipment Mechanics

E518 Industrial Machinery Repairers

E519 Machinery Maintenance Occupations

E523 Electronic Repairers, Communications and

Industrial Equipment
170

E525 Data Processing Equipment Repairers

E526 Household Appliance and Power Tool

Repairers

E527 Telephone Line Installers and Repairers

E529 Telephone Installers and Repairers

E534 Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics

E535 Camera, Watch, and Musical Instrument

Repairers

E536 Locksmiths and Safe Repairers

E538 Office Machine Repairers

E539 Mechanical Controls and Valve Repairers

E543 Elevator Installers and Repairers

E544 Millwrights

E547 Mechanics and Repairers, n.e.c.

SUPERVISORS, CONSTRUCTION TRADES

E553 Supervisors: Brickmasons, Stonemasons,

and Tilesetters

E554 Supervisors: Carpenters and Related Workers

E555 Supervisors: Electricians and Power

Transmission Installers

E556 Supervisors: Painters, Paperhangers, and

Plasterers

E557 Supervisors: Plumbers, Pipefitters, and

Steamfitters

E558 Supervisors: Construction Trades, n.e.c.

CONSTRUCTION TRADES OCCUPATIONS

E563 Brickmasons and Stonemasons

E564 Brickmason and Stonemason Apprentices

E565 Tile Setters, Hard and Soft

E566 Carpet Installers

E567 Carpenters

E569 Carpenter Apprentices

E573 Drywall Installers

E575 Electricians

E576 Electrician Apprentices

E577 Electrical Power Installers and Repairers

E579 Painters, Construction and Maintenance

E583 Paperhangers

E584 Plasterers

E585 Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters

E587 Plumber, Pipefitter, and Steamfitter Apprentices

E588 Concrete and Terrazzo Finishers

E589 Glaziers

E593 Insulation Workers

E594 Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment

Operators

E595 Roofers

E596 Sheetmetal Duct Installers

E597 Structural Metal Workers

E598 Drillers, Earth

E599 Construction Trades, n.e.c.

 EXTRACTIVE OCCUPATIONS

E613 Supervisors: Extractive Occupations

E614 Drillers, Oil Well

E615 Explosives Workers

E616 Mining Machine Operators

E617 Mining Occupations, n.e.c.

 PRECISION PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS

E628 Supervisors: Production Occupations

 PRECISION METAL WORKING OCCUPATIONS

E634 Tool and Die Makers

E635 Tool and Die Maker Apprentices

E636 Precision Assemblers, Metal

E637 Machinists

E639 Machinist Apprentices

E643 Boilermakers

E644 Precision Grinders, Filers, and Tool

Sharpeners

E645 Patternmakers and Modelmakers, Metal

E646 Layout Workers

E647 Precious Stones and Metals Workers

E649 Engravers, Metal

E653 Sheet Metal Workers

E654 Sheet Metal Worker Apprentices

PRECISION WOODWORKING OCCUPATIONS

E656 Patternmakers and Modelmakers, Wood

E657 Cabinet Makers and Bench Carpenters

E658 Furniture and Wood Finishers

 PRECISION TEXTILE, APPAREL, AND

 FURNISHINGS MACHINE WORKERS

E666 Dressmakers

E667 Tailors

E668 Upholsterers

E669 Shoe Repairers

 PRECISION WORKERS, ASSORTED MATERIALS

E675 Hand Molders and Shapers, Except Jewelers

E676 Patternmakers, Layout Workers, and Cutters

E677 Optical Goods Workers

E678 Dental Laboratory and Medical Appliance

Technicians

E679 Bookbinders

E683 Electrical and Electronic Equipment

Assemblers

E684 Miscellaneous Precision Workers, n.e.c.
171

 PRECISION FOOD PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS

E685 Precision Food Production Occupations,

n.e.c.

E686 Butchers and Meat Cutters

E687 Bakers

E688 Food Batchmakers

PRECISION INSPECTORS, TESTERS, AND

RELATED WORKERS

E689 Inspectors, Testers, and Graders

E690 Precision Inspectors, Testers, and Related

Workers, n.e.c.

E693 Adjusters and Calibrators

PLANT AND SYSTEM OPERATORS

E694 Water and Sewage Treatment Plant Operators

E695 Power Plant Operators

E696 Stationary Engineers

E699 Miscellaneous Plant and System Operators,

n.e.c.

Major group F:

MACHINE OPERATORS, ASSEMBLERS, AND

INSPECTORS

METALWORKING AND PLASTIC WORKING

MACHINE OPERATORS

F703 Lathe and Turning-Machine Set-Up Operators

F704 Lathe and Turning-Machine Operators

F705 Milling and Planing Machine Operators

F706 Punching and Stamping Press Operators

F707 Rolling Machine Operators

F708 Drilling and Boring Machine Operators

F709 Grinding, Abrading, Buffing, and Polishing

Machine Operators

F713 Forging Machine Operators

F714 Numerical Control Machine Operators

F717 Fabricating Machine Operators, n.e.c.

F719 Molding and Casting Machine Operators

F723 Metal Plating Machine Operators

F724 Heat Treating Equipment Operators

WOODWORKING MACHINE OPERATORS

F726 Wood Lathe, Routing, and Planing Machine

Operators

F727 Sawing Machine Operators

F728 Shaping and Joining Machine Operators

F729 Nailing and Tacking Machine Operators

PRINTING MACHINE OPERATORS

F734 Printing Press Operators

F735 Photoengravers and Lithographers

F736 Typesetters and Compositors

TEXTILE, APPAREL, AND FURNISHINGS MACHINE OPERATORS

F738 Winding and Twisting Machine Operators

F739 Knitting, Looping, Taping, and Weaving

Machine Operators

F743 Textile Cutting Machine Operators

F744 Textile Sewing Machine Operators

F745 Shoe Machine Operators

F747 Pressing Machine Operators

F748 Laundering and Dry Cleaning Machine

Operators

MACHINE OPERATORS, ASSORTED MATERIALS

F753 Cementing and Gluing Machine Operators

F754 Packaging and Filling Machine Operators

F755 Extruding and Forming Machine Operators

F756 Mixing and Blending Machine Operators

F757 Separating, Filtering, and Clarifying

Machine Operators

F758 Compressing and Compacting Machine

Operators

F759 Painting and Paint Spraying Machine

Operators

F763 Roasting and Baking Machine Operators,

Food

F764 Washing, Cleaning, and Pickling Machine

Operators

F765 Folding Machine Operators

F766 Furnace, Kiln, and Oven Operators, Except

Food

F768 Crushing and Grinding Machine Operators

F769 Slicing and Cutting Machine Operators

F773 Motion Picture Projectionists

F774 Photographic Process Machine Operators

F777 Miscellaneous Machine Operators, n.e.c.

FABRICATORS, ASSEMBLERS, AND HAND

WORKING OCCUPATIONS

F783 Welders and Cutters

F784 Solderers and Brazers

F785 Assemblers

F786 Hand Cutting and Trimming Occupations

F787 Hand Molding, Casting, and Forming

Occupations

F789 Hand Painting, Coating, and Decorating

Occupations

F793 Hand Engraving and Printing Occupations
172

F795 Miscellaneous Hand Working Occupations,

n.e.c.

PRODUCTION INSPECTORS, TESTERS,

SAMPLERS, AND WEIGHERS

F796 Production Inspectors, Checkers, and

Examiners

F797 Production Testers

F798 Production Samplers and Weighers

F799 Graders and Sorters, Except Agricultural

F800 Hand Inspectors, n.e.c.

Major group G:

TRANSPORTATION AND MATERIAL MOVING

OCCUPATIONS

MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATORS

G803 Supervisors: Motor Vehicle Operators

G804 Truck Drivers

G806 Driver-Sales Workers

G808 Bus Drivers

G809 Taxicab Drivers and Chauffeurs

G813 Parking Lot Attendants

G814 Motor Transportation Occupations, n.e.c.

RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION OCCUPATIONS

G823 Railroad Conductors and Yardmasters

G824 Locomotive Operating Occupations

G825 Railroad Brake, Signal, and Switch Operators

G826 Rail Vehicle Operators, n.e.c.

WATER TRANSPORTATION OCCUPATIONS

G828 Ship Captains and Mates, Except Fishing

Boats

G829 Sailors and Deckhands

G833 Marine Engineers

G834 Bridge, Lock, and Lighthouse Tenders

MATERIAL MOVING EQUIPMENT OPERATORS

G843 Supervisors: Material Moving Equipment

Operators

G844 Operating Engineers

G845 Longshore Equipment Operators

G848 Hoist and Winch Operators

G849 Crane and Tower Operators

G853 Excavating and Loading Machine Operators

G855 Grader, Dozer, and Scraper Operators

G856 Industrial Truck and Tractor Equipment

Operators

G859 Miscellaneous Material Moving Equipment

Operators, n.e.c.

Major group H:

HANDLERS, EQUIPMENT CLEANERS, HELPERS,

AND LABORERS

FARM, FISHING, AND FORESTRY OCCUPATIONS -

NONFARM SECTOR

H483 Marine Life Cultivation Workers

H484 Nursery Workers

H485 Supervisors: Agriculture-Related Workers

H486 Groundskeepers and Gardeners, Except Farm

H487 Animal Caretakers, Except Farm

H489 Inspectors, Agricultural Products

H494 Supervisors: Forestry and Logging Workers

H495 Forestry Workers, Except Logging

H496 Timber Cutting and Logging Occupations

H497 Captains and Other Officers, Fishing Vessels

H498 Fishers, Hunters, and Trappers

HELPERS, HANDLERS, AND LABORERS

H864 Supervisors: Handlers, Equipment Cleaners,

and Laborers, n.e.c.

H865 Helpers, Mechanics and Repairers

H866 Helpers, Construction Trades

H867 Helpers, Surveyor

H868 Helpers, Extractive Occupations

H869 Construction Laborers

H874 Production Helpers

H875 Garbage Collectors

H876 Stevedores

 H877 Stock Handlers and Baggers

H878 Machine Feeders and Offbearers

H883 Freight, Stock, and Material Handlers, n.e.c.

H885 Garage and Service Station Related Occupations

H887 Vehicle Washers and Equipment Cleaners

H888 Hand Packers and Packagers

H889 Laborers, Except Construction, n.e.c.

Major group K:

SERVICE OCCUPATIONS, EXCEPT PRIVATE

HOUSEHOLD

PROTECTIVE SERVICE OCCUPATIONS

K413 Supervisors: Firefighting and Fire Prevention

Occupations

K414 Supervisors: Police and Detectives

K415 Supervisors: Guards
173

K416 Fire Inspection and Fire Prevention Occupations

K417 Firefighting Occupations

K418 Police and Detectives, Public Service

K423 Sheriffs, Bailiffs, and Other Law Enforcement Officers

K424 Correctional Institution Officers

K425 Crossing Guards

K426 Guards and Police, Except Public Service

K427 Protective Service Occupations, n.e.c.

FOOD SERVICE OCCUPATIONS

K433 Supervisors: Food Preparation and Service

Occupations

K434 Bartenders

K435 Waiters and Waitresses

K436 Cooks

 K438 Food Counter, Fountain, and Related

Occupations

K439 Kitchen Workers, Food Preparation

K443 Waiters’/Waitresses’ Assistants

K444 Food Preparation Occupations, n.e.c.

HEALTH SERVICE OCCUPATIONS

K445 Dental Assistants

K446 Health Aides, Except Nursing

K447 Nursing Aides, Orderlies, and Attendants

CLEANING AND BUILDING SERVICE

OCCUPATIONS

K448 Supervisors: Cleaning and Building Service

Workers

K449 Maids and Housemen

K453 Janitors and Cleaners

K454 Elevator Operators

K455 Pest Control Occupations

PERSONAL SERVICE OCCUPATIONS

K456 Supervisors: Personal Service Occupations

K457 Barbers

K458 Hairdressers and Cosmetologists

K459 Attendants, Amusement and Recreation

Facilities

K461 Guides

K462 Ushers

K463 Public Transportation Attendants

K464 Baggage Porters and Bellhops

K465 Welfare Service Aides

K467 Early Childhood Teacher’s Assistants

K468 Child Care Workers, n.e.c.

K469 Service Occupations, n.e.c.
174

Below are the 10 criteria for the generic leveling of occupations. The description of each level within a factor is included.

An example of using these criteria for leveling a job follows

in appendix D.

KNOWLEDGE measures the nature and extent of information or facts which the workers must understand to do

acceptable work (e.g., steps, procedures, practices, rules,

policies, theories, principles, and concepts) and the nature

and extent of the skills needed to apply those knowledges.

To be used as a basis for selecting a level under this factor, a

knowledge must be required and applied.

1. Knowledge of simple, routine, or repetitive tasks or operations which typically includes following step-by-step instructions and requires little or no previous training or experience;

OR

Skill to operate simple equipment or equipment which operates repetitively, requiring little or no previous training or

experience;

OR

Equivalent knowledge and skill.

2. Knowledge of basic or commonly-used rules, procedures,

or operations which typically requires some previous training or experience;

OR

Basic skill to operate equipment requiring some previous

training or experience, such as keyboard equipment;

OR

Equivalent knowledge and skill.

3. Knowledge of a body of standardized rules, procedures,

operations, goods, services, tools, or equipment requiring

considerable training and experience to perform the full range

of standard clerical assignments and resolve recurring problems;

OR

Skill, acquired through considerable training and experience,

to operate and adjust varied equipment for purposes such as

performing numerous standardized tests or operations;

OR

Equivalent knowledge and skill.

4. Knowledge of an extensive body of rules, procedures,

operations, products or services requiring extended training

and experience to perform a wide variety of interrelated or

nonstandard procedural assignments and resolve a wide range

of problems;

OR

Practical knowledge of standard procedures in a technical

field, requiring extended training or experience, to perform

such work as: adapting equipment when this requires considering the functioning characteristics of equipment; interpreting results of tests based on previous experience and

observations (rather than directly reading instruments or other

measures); or extracting information from various sources

when this requires considering the applicability of information and the characteristics and quality of the sources;

OR

Comprehensive knowledge of a blue-collar skill, usually

acquired through a formal apprenticeship;

OR

Equivalent knowledge and skill.

5. Knowledge (such as would be acquired through a pertinent baccalaureate educational program or its equivalent in

experience, training, or independent study) of basic principles, concepts, and methodology of a professional or administrative occupation, and skill in applying this knowledge in carrying out elementary assignments, operations, or

procedures;

OR

In addition to the practical knowledge of standard procedures in Level 4, practical knowledge of technical methods

to perform assignments such as carrying out limited projects

which involve use of specialized, complicated techniques;

OR

Advanced knowledge of a blue-collar skill to solve unusually complex problems;

OR

Equivalent knowledge and skill.

6. Knowledge of the principles, concepts, and methodology

of a professional or administrative occupation as described

at Level 5 which has been either: (a) supplemented by skill

gained through job experience to permit independent performance of recurring assignments, or (b) supplemented by

expanded professional or administrative knowledge gained

Appendix C. Generic

Leveling Criteria
175

through relevant graduate study or experience, which has

provided skill in carrying out assignments, operations, and

procedures in the occupation which are significantly more

difficult and complex than those covered by Level 5;

OR

Practical knowledge of a wide range of technical methods,

principles, and practices similar to a narrow area of a professional field, and skill in applying this knowledge to such

assignments as the design and planning of difficult, but wellprecedented projects;

OR

Equivalent knowledge and skill.

7. Knowledge of a wide range of concepts, principles, and

practices in a professional or administrative occupation, such

as would be gained through extended graduate study or experience, and skill in applying this knowledge to difficult

and complex work assignments;

OR

A comprehensive, intensive, practical knowledge of a technical field and skill in applying this knowledge to the development of new methods, approaches, or procedures;

OR

Equivalent knowledge and skill.

8. Mastery of a professional or administrative field to:

Apply experimental theories and new developments to problems not susceptible to treatment by accepted methods

OR

Make decisions or recommendations significantly changing,

interpreting, or developing important policies or programs;

OR

Equivalent knowledge and skill.

9. Mastery of a professional field to generate and develop

new hypotheses and theories;

OR

Equivalent knowledge and skill.

SUPERVISION RECEIVED covers the nature and extent

of direct or indirect controls exercised by the supervisor, the

employee’s responsibility and the review of completed work.

Controls are exercised by the supervisor in the way assignments are made, instructions are given to the employee, priorities and deadlines are set, and objectives and boundaries

are defined. Responsibility of the employee depends upon

the extent to which the employee is expected to develop the

sequence and timing of various aspects of the work, to modify

or recommend modification of instructions, and to participate in establishing priorities and defining objectives. The

degree of review of completed work depends upon the nature and extent of the review, e.g., close and detailed review

of each phase of the assignment; detailed review of the finished assignment; spot-check of finished work for accuracy;

or review only for adherence to policy.

1. For both one-of-a-kind and repetitive tasks the supervisor

makes specific assignments that are accompanied by clear,

detailed, and specific instructions.

The employee works as instructed and consults with the

supervisor as needed on all matters not specifically covered

in the original instructions or guidelines.

For all positions the work is closely controlled. For some

positions, the control is through the structured nature of the

work itself; for others, it may be controlled by the circumstances in which it is performed. In some situations, the supervisor maintains control through review of the work which

may include checking progress or reviewing completed work

for accuracy, adequacy, and adherence to instructions and

established procedures.

2. The supervisor provides continuing or individual assignments by indicating generally what is to be done, limitations,

quality and quantity expected, deadlines, and priority of assignments. The supervisor provides additional, specific instructions for new, difficult, or unusual assignments including suggested work methods or advice on source material

available.

The employee uses initiative in carrying out recurring

assignments independently without specific instruction, but

refers deviations, problems, and unfamiliar situations not

covered by instructions to the supervisor for decision or help.

The supervisor assures that finished work and methods

used are technically accurate and in compliance with instructions or established procedures. Review of the work increases

with more difficult assignments if the employee has not previously performed similar assignments.

3. The supervisor makes assignments by defining objectives,

priorities, and deadlines; and assists employee with unusual

situations which do not have clear precedents.

The employee plans and carries out the successive steps

and handles problems and deviations in the work assignment

in accordance with instructions, policies, previous training,

or accepted practices in the occupation.

Completed work is usually evaluated for technical soundness, appropriateness, and conformity to policy and requirements. The methods used in arriving at the end results are

not usually reviewed in detail.

4. The supervisor sets the overall objectives and resources

available. The employee and supervisor, in consultation,

develop the deadlines, projects, and work to be done.

At this level, the employee, having developed expertise

in the line of work, is responsible for planning and carrying

out the assignment; resolving most of the conflicts which

arise; coordinating the work with others as necessary; and

interpreting policy on own initiative in terms of established

objectives. In some assignments, the employee also determines the approach to be taken and the methodology to be

used. The employee keeps the supervisor informed of

progress, potentially controversial matters, or far-reaching
176

implications.

Completed work is reviewed only from an overall standpoint in terms of feasibility, compatibility with other work,

or effectiveness in meeting requirements or expected results.

5. The supervisor provides administrative direction with assignments in terms of broadly defined missions or functions.

The employee has responsibility for planning, designing,

and carrying out programs, projects, studies, or other work

independently.

Results of the work are considered as technically authoritative and are normally accepted without significant change.

If the work should be reviewed, the review concerns such

matters as fulfillment of program objectives, effect of advice and influence of the overall program, or the contribution to the advancement of technology. Recommendations

for new projects and alteration of objectives are usually evaluated for such considerations as availability of funds and other

resources, broad program goals or priorities.

GUIDELINES covers the nature of guidelines and the judgment needed to apply them. Guidelines used include, for

example: desk manuals, established procedures and policies,

traditional practices, and reference materials such as dictionaries, style manuals, engineering handbooks, and the pharmacopoeia.

Individual jobs in different occupations vary in the specificity, applicability and availability of the guidelines for performance of assignments. Consequently, the constraints and

judgmental demands placed upon employees also vary. For

example, the existence of specific instructions, procedures,

and policies may limit the opportunity of the employee to

make or recommend decisions or actions. However, in the

absence of procedures or under broadly stated objectives,

employees in some occupations may use considerable judgment in researching literature and developing new methods.

Guidelines should not be confused with the knowledges

described under Factor 1, Knowledge. Guidelines either provide reference data or impose certain constraints on the use

of knowledges. For example, in the field of medical technology, for a particular diagnosis there may be three or four

standardized tests set forth in a technical manual. A medical

technologist is expected to know these diagnostic tests. However, in a given laboratory the policy may be to use only one

of the tests; or the policy may state specifically under what

conditions one or the other of these tests may be used.

1. Specific, detailed guidelines covering all important aspects of the assignment are provided to the employee. The

employee works in strict adherence to the guidelines; deviations must be authorized by the supervisor.

2. Procedures for doing the work have been established and

a number of specific guidelines are available.

The number and similarity of guidelines and work situations require the employee to use judgment in locating and

selecting the most appropriate guidelines, references, and

procedures for application, and in making minor deviations

to adapt the guidelines in specific cases. At this level, the

employee may also determine which of several established

alternatives to use. Situations to which the existing guidelines cannot be applied or significant proposed deviations

from the guidelines are referred to the supervisor.

3. Guidelines are available, but are not completely applicable to the work or have gaps in specificity.

The employee uses judgment in interpreting and adapting guidelines such as policies, regulations, precedents, and

work directions for application to specific cases or problems. The employee analyzes results and recommends

changes.

4. Administrative policies and precedents are applicable but

are stated in general terms. Guidelines for performing the

work are scarce or of limited use.

The employee uses initiative and resourcefulness in deviating from traditional methods or researching trends and

patterns to develop new methods, criteria, or proposed new

policies.

5. Guidelines are broadly stated and nonspecific, e.g., broad

policy statements and basic legislation which require extensive interpretation.

The employee must use judgment and ingenuity in interpreting the intent of the guidelines that do exist and in developing applications to specific areas of work. Frequently, the

employee is recognized as a technical authority in the development and interpretation of guidelines.

COMPLEXITY covers the nature, number, variety, and intricacy of tasks, steps, processes, or methods in the work

performed; the difficulty in identifying what needs to be done;

and the difficulty and originality involved in performing the

work.

1. The work consists of tasks that are clear-cut and directly

related.

There is little or no choice to be made in deciding what

needs to be done.

Actions to be taken or responses to be made are readily

discernible. The work is quickly mastered.

2. The work consists of duties that involve related steps, processes, or methods.

The decision regarding what needs to be done involves

various choices requiring the employee to recognize the existence of and differences among a few easily recognizable

situations.

Actions to be taken or responses to be made differ in

such things as the source of information, the kind of transactions or entries, or other differences of a factual nature.
177

3. The work includes various duties involving different and

unrelated processes and methods.

The decision regarding what needs to be done depends

upon the analysis of the subject, phase, or issues involved in

each assignment, and the chosen course of action may have

to be selected from many alternatives.

The work involves conditions and elements that must be

identified and analyzed to discern interrelationships.

4. The work typically includes varied duties requiring many

different and unrelated processes and methods such as those

relating to well-established aspects of an administrative or

professional field.

Decisions regarding what needs to be done include the

assessment of unusual circumstances, variations in approach,

and incomplete or conflicting data.

The work requires making many decisions concerning

such things as the interpreting of considerable data, planning of the work, or refining the methods and techniques to

be used.

5. The work includes varied duties requiring many different

and unrelated processes and methods applied to a broad range

of activities or substantial depth of analysis, typically for an

administrative or professional field.

Decisions regarding what needs to be done include major

areas of uncertainty in approach, methodology, or interpretation and evaluation processes resulting from such elements

as continuing changes in program, technological developments, unknown phenomena, or conflicting requirements.

The work requires originating new techniques, establishing criteria, or developing new information.

6. The work consists of broad functions and processes of an

administrative or professional field. Assignments are characterized by breadth and intensity of effort and involve several phases being pursued concurrently or sequentially with

the support of others within or outside of the organization.

Decisions regarding what needs to be done include largely

undefined issues and elements, requiring extensive probing

and analysis to determine the nature and scope of the problems.

The work requires continuing efforts to establish concepts, theories, or programs, or to resolve unyielding problems.

SCOPE AND EFFECT covers the relationship between the

nature of the work, i.e., the purpose, breadth, and depth of

the assignment, and the effect of work products or services

both within and outside the organization.

Effect measures such things as whether the work output

facilitates the work of others, provides timely services of a

personal nature, or impacts on the adequacy of research conclusions. The concept of effect alone does not provide sufficient information to properly understand and evaluate the

impact of the position. The scope of the work completes the

picture, allowing consistent evaluations. Only the effect of

properly performed work is to be considered.

1. The work involves the performance of specific, routine

operations that include a few separate tasks or procedures.

The work product or service is required to facilitate the

work of others; however, it has little impact beyond the immediate organizational unit or beyond the timely provision

of limited services to others.

2. The work involves the execution of specific rules, regulations, or procedures and typically comprises a complete segment of an assignment or project of broader scope.

The work product or service affects the accuracy, reliability, or acceptability of further processes or services.

3. The work involves treating a variety of conventional problems, questions, or situations in conformance with established

criteria.

The work product or service affects the design or operation of systems, programs, or equipment; the adequacy of

such activities as field investigations, testing operations, or

research conclusions; or the social, physical, and economic

well-being of persons.

4. The work involves establishing criteria; formulating

projects; assessing program effectiveness; or investigating

or analyzing variety of unusual conditions, problems, or questions.

The work product or service affects a wide range of establishment activities, major activities of industrial concerns,

or the operation of other organizations.

5. The work involves isolating and defining unknown conditions, resolving critical problems, or developing new theories.

The work product or service affects the work of other

experts, the development of major aspects of administrative

or scientific programs or missions, or the well-being of substantial numbers of people.

6. The work involves planning, developing, and carrying out

vital administrative or scientific programs.

The programs are essential to the missions of the overall

organization or affect large numbers of people on a longterm or continuing basis.

PERSONAL CONTACTS includes face-to-face contacts

and telephone and radio dialogue with persons not in the

supervisory chain. (NOTE: Personal contacts with supervisors are covered under Factor 2, Supervision Received.)

Levels described under this factor are based on what is required to make the initial contact, the difficulty of communicating with those contacted, and the setting in which the contact takes place (e.g., the degree to which the employee and

those contacted recognize their relative roles and authori-
178

ties).

Above the lowest level, points should be credited under

this factor only for contacts which are essential for successful performance of the work and which have a demonstrable

impact on the difficulty and responsibility of the work performed.

The relationship of Factors 6 (Personal Contacts) and 7

(Purpose of Contacts) presumes that the same contacts will

be evaluated for both factors. Therefore, use the personal

contacts which serve as the basis for the level selected for

Factor 7 as the basis for selecting a level for Factor 6.

1. The personal contacts are with employees within the immediate organization, office, project, or work unit, and in

related or support units;

AND/OR

The contacts are with members of the general public in very

highly structured situations (e.g., the purpose of the contact

and the question of with whom to deal are relatively clear).

Typical of contacts at this level are purchases of admission

tickets at a ticket window.

2. The personal contacts are with employees in the same

overall organization, but outside the immediate organization.

People contacted generally are engaged in different functions, missions, and kinds of work, e.g., representatives from

various levels within the overall organizations such as headquarters, district offices, or local offices, plants, stores, or

other operating units in the immediate installation;

AND/OR

The contacts are with members of the general public, as individuals or groups, in a moderately structured setting. That

is, the contacts are generally established on a routine basis,

usually at the employee’s work place; the exact purpose of

the contact may be unclear at first to one or more of the

parties; and one or more of the parties may be uninformed

concerning the role and authority of other participants.

3. The personal contacts are with individuals or groups from

outside the employing establishment in a moderately unstructured setting. That is, the contacts are not established on a

routine basis; the purpose and extent of each contact is different and the role and authority of each party is identified

and developed during the course of the contact. Typical of

contacts at this level are those with persons in their capacities as attorneys; contractors; or representatives of professional organizations, the news media, or public action groups.

4. The personal contacts are with high-ranking officials from

outside the employing establishment at national or international levels in highly unstructured settings. That is, contacts are characterized by problems such as: Officials may

be relatively inaccessible; arrangements may have to be made

for accompanying staff members; appointments may have to

be made well in advance; each party may be very unclear as

to the role and authority of the other; and each contact may

be conducted under different ground rules. Typical of contacts at this level are those with presidents of large national

or international firms, nationally recognized representatives

of the news media, presidents of national unions, members

of Congress, leading representatives of foreign governments,

State governors, or mayors of large cities.

PURPOSE OF CONTACTS ranges from factual exchanges

of information to situations involving significant or controversial issues and differing viewpoints, goals, or objectives.

The personal contacts which serve as the basis for the level

selected for this factor must be the same as the contacts which

are the basis for the level selected for Factor 6.

1. The purpose is to obtain, clarify, or give facts or information regardless of the nature of those facts, i.e., the facts or

information may range from easily understood to highly technical.

2. The purpose is to plan, coordinate, or advise on work efforts or to resolve operating problems by influencing or

motivating individuals or groups who are working toward

mutual goals and who have basically cooperative attitudes.

3. The purpose is to influence, motivate, convince, or question persons or groups. Those contacted may be hesitant or

skeptical, so the employee must be skillful in approaching

the individual or group in order to obtain the desired response;

OR

The purpose is to interrogate or control persons or groups

who may be fearful, uncooperative, or dangerous. Therefore, the employee must be skillful in approaching the individual or group in order to obtain the desired effect, such as,

gaining compliance with established policies and regulations

by persuasion or negotiation, or gaining information by establishing rapport with a suspicious informant.

4. The purpose is to justify, defend, negotiate, or settle matters involving significant or controversial issues. Work at

this level usually involves active participation in conferences,

meetings, hearings, or presentations involving problems or

issues of considerable consequence or importance. The persons contacted typically have diverse viewpoints, goals, or

objectives requiring the employee to achieve a common understanding of the problem and a satisfactory solution by

convincing them, arriving at a compromise, or developing

suitable alternatives.

PHYSICAL DEMANDS covers the requirements and

physical demands placed on the employee by the work assignment. This includes physical characteristics and abilities (e.g., specific agility and dexterity requirements) and

the physical exertion involved in the work (e.g., climbing,

lifting, pushing, balancing, stooping, kneeling, crouching,

crawling, or reaching). To some extent the frequency or intensity of physical exertion must also be considered, e.g., a
179

job requiring prolonged standing involves more physical

exertion than a job requiring intermittent standing.

1. The work is sedentary. Typically, the employee may sit

comfortably to do the work. However, there may be some

walking; standing; bending; carrying of light items such as

papers, books, small parts; driving an automobile, etc. No

special physical demands are required to perform the work.

2. The work requires some physical exertion such as long

periods of standing; walking over rough, uneven, or rocky

surfaces; recurring bending, crouching, stooping, stretching,

reaching, or similar activities; recurring lifting of moderately

heavy items such as personal computers and record boxes.

The work may require specific, but common, physical characteristics and abilities such as above-average agility and

dexterity.

3. The work requires considerable and strenuous physical

exertion such as frequent climbing of tall ladders, lifting

heavy objects over 50 pounds, crouching or crawling in restricted areas and defending oneself or others against physical attack.

WORK ENVIRONMENT considers the risks and discomforts in the employee’s physical surroundings or the nature

of the work assignment and the safety regulations required.

Although the use of safety precautions can practically eliminate a certain danger or discomfort, such situations typically

place additional demands upon the employee in carrying out

safety regulations and techniques.

1. The work environment involves everyday risks or discomforts which require normal safety precautions typical of such

places as offices, meeting and training rooms, libraries, and

residences or commercial vehicles, e.g., use of safe work

practices with office equipment, avoidance of trips and falls,

observance of fire regulations and traffic

2. The work involves moderate risks or discomforts which

require special safety precautions, e.g., working around moving parts, carts, or machines; with contagious diseases or

irritant chemicals; etc. Employees may be required to use

protective clothing or gear such as masks, gowns, coats,

boots, goggles, gloves, or shields.

3. The work environment involves high risks with exposure

to potentially dangerous situations or unusual environmental stress, which require a range of safety and other precautions. For example,, working at great heights under extreme

outdoor weather conditions, subject to possible physical attack or mob conditions, or similar situations where conditions cannot be controlled.

SUPERVISORY DUTIES describes the level of supervisory responsibility for a position.

1. No supervisory responsibility.

2. A nonsupervisory position. Incumbent sets the pace of

work for the group and shows other workers in the group

how to perform assigned tasks. Commonly performs the same

work as the group, in addition to lead duties. Can also be

called group leader, team leader, or lead worker.

3. Directs staff through face to face meetings. Organizational

structure is not complex and internal and administrative procedures are simple. Performing the same work as subordinates is not the principal duty. Typically, this is the first supervisory level.

4. Directs staff through intermediate supervisors. Internal

procedures and administrative controls are formal. Organizational structure is complex and is divided into subordinate

groups that may differ from each other as to subject matter

and function

5. Directs staff through two or more subordinate supervisory levels with several subdivisions at each level. Programs

are usually inter-locked on a direct and continuing basis with

other organizational segments, requiring constant attention

to extensive formal coordination, clearances, and procedural

controls.
180

To compare data on their firms’ jobs with statistics

contained in this bulletin, data users need to be able

to determine their jobs’ work levels. Using the example of a dental hygienist, this appendix will go through

the procedure for determining the work level of a particular

job.

To determine the work level of a job, it must be evaluated

using the generic leveling factors. With the information available, such as a written position description and other knowledge of the job, each factor must be reviewed. Comparing

that information to the descriptions of each level within a

factor as shown in appendix C, the level best matching the

job should be chosen and recorded. (Note that the number of

levels varies by factor.)

Generic leveling: an example

Knowledge

Hygienist must have a dental hygienist license which requires

2 years of schooling and passage of a technical exam. This is

a mid-level hygienist job, which means a worker must have

at least 3 years of experience. The procedures are essentially the same every day, such as cleaning teeth, checking

gums, and taking x rays.

Level 4.

Supervision received

Most of the tasks are performed without supervision. For

more complicated procedures, such as tooth filling, the dental hygienist assists the dentist.

Level 2.

Guidelines

A hygienist knows which procedure to use for different dental problems. Unusual situations are handled after checking

with the supervisor.

Level 2.

Complexity

Each procedure performed leads to the next, for example,

examining gums, scraping plaque, then cleaning teeth.

Level 2.

Scope and effect

In terms of process, the dentist’s work follows the hygienist’s.

In terms of effect, the hygienist doing a thorough cleaning in

preparation for the dentist’s work allows the dentist to do a

complete exam and properly treat the patient.

Level 2.

Personal contacts

Patients come to the clinic or occasionally the hygienist will

travel to perform work or give a talk at a school.

Level 2.

Purpose of contacts

Most of hygienist’s interaction is with patients; no planning

or coordination work is involved.

Level 1.

Physical demands

The work is sedentary.

Level 1.

Work environment

Hygienist must take precautions not to be exposed to x rays,

punctures, etc.

Level 2.

Supervisory duties

A dental hygienist at this level does not supervise anyone.

Level 1.

Assigning points

Once the correct level has been identified within each factor, the points associated with each level are recorded. Summing the points for all factors gives the total points for the

job. Using the factors above and the table at the bottom of

the next page showing the points associated with each level

within a factor, a sample worksheet was filled out for the

dental hygienist position.

Generic leveling worksheet

Appendix D. Evaluating

Your Firm’s Jobs
181

Company job title. Dental Hygienist

Factor Level Points

Knowledge 4 550

Supervision received 2 125

Guidelines 2 125

Complexity 2 75

Scope and effect 2 75

Personal contacts 2 25

Purpose of contacts 1 20

Physical demands 1 5

Work environment 2 20

Supervisory duties 1 0

Total 5 1020

Determining the work level

The following table takes the point total determined using

the worksheet and converts it to an overall work level for the

job. There are 15 work levels, based on those used to rank

Federal civil service white-collar jobs, each identified by a

point range. The 1,020 total points for the dental hygienist

job puts it in level 5.

Point ranges by work level

 1 190 254

 2 255 454

 3 455 654

 4 655 854

 5 855 1104

6 1105 1354

7 1355 1604

8 1605 1854

9 1855 2104

10 2105 2354

11 2355 2754

12 2755 3154

13 3155 3604

14 3605 4054

15 4055

 and up

Comparing wages

Once the work level has been identified for a job, wages

for that job can be compared to wages for similar jobs at

the same work level. BLS publishes hourly wage rates by

work level within nine major occupational groups, which

are combinations of similar individual occupations. The

groups and work levels available vary by area. Employers

can also use the data on work levels to compare different

jobs in their establishment.

Level Low

Range of generic level points

High

Points associated with each factor level

 Factor 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Knowledge 50 200 350 550 750 950 1250 1550 1850

Supervision received 25 125 275 450 650 X X X X

Guidelines 25 125 275 450 650 X X X X

Complexity 25 075 150 225 325 450 X X X

Scope and effect 25 75 150 225 325 450 X X X

Personal contacts 10 025 060 110 X X X X X

Purpose of contacts 20 50 120 220 X X X X X

Physical demands 5 20 50 XXX X X X

Work environment 5 20 50 XXX X X X

Supervisory duties 0 000 0 X X X X

 NOTE: X indicates that a level is not associated with a given factor.

For example, for physical demands, point levels 1, 2, and 3 are the only

choices.
182

NEW ENGLAND MIDDLE EAST NORTH WEST NORTH

ATLANTIC1 CENTRAL2 CENTRAL3

 Connecticut New Jersey Illinois Iowa

 Maine New York Indiana Kansas

 Massachusetts Pennsylvania Michigan Minnesota

 New Hampshire Ohio Missouri

 Rhode Island Wisconsin Nebraska

 Vermont North Dakota

 South Dakota

SOUTH ATLANTIC EAST SOUTH WEST SOUTH MOUNTAIN

MOUNTAIN CENTRAL4

 Delaware Alabama Arkansas Arizona

 District of Columbia Kentucky Louisiana Colorado

 Florida Mississippi Oklahoma Idaho

 Georgia Tennessee Texas Montana

 Maryland Nevada

 North Carolina New Mexico

 South Carolina Utah

Virginia Wyoming

West Virginia

PACIFIC5

 Alaska

 California

 Hawaii

 Oregon

 Washington

___________________________

Appendix E: Census

Division and Survey Areas

This appendix lists the nine census divisions, the States included in each division, and the 149

metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas surveyed under the NCS.

Census division and States

1

 The Middle Atlantic census division also includes the New York,

NY Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (which is comprised of

parts of New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania), and the

Philadelphia, PA Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (which is

comprised of parts of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland).

 2 The East North Central census division also includes the Cincinnati, OH Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is comprised

of parts of Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana. The Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN

Metropolitan Statistical Area is comprised of parts of Minnesota and Wisconsin.

 3 The West North Central census division also includes the St. Louis,

MO Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is comprised of parts

of Missouri and Illinois.

 4 The East South Central census division also includes the Louisville,

KY Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is comprised of parts of Kentucky and Indiana.

 5 Although Alaska and Hawaii are included in the Pacific census division, the 1997 NCS excluded these States. In the future, the NCS will be

expanded to include these two States.
183

 AMARILLO, TX* MSA

ANDREWS, TX COUNTY

ATLANTA, GA* MSA

AUGUSTA-AIKEN, GA-SC MSA

AUSTIN-SAN MARCOS, TX MSA

BANNOCK, ID COUNTY

BIRMINGHAM, AL MSA

BLOOMINGTON, IN MSA

BLOOMINGTON-NORMAL, IL MSA

BOSTON-WORCESTER-LAWRENCE, MA-NH-ME-CT* CMSA

BRADLEY, TN COUNTY

BROWNSVILLE-HARLINGEN-SAN BENITO, TX* MSA

BUFFALO-NIAGRA FALLS, NY MSA

CARSON CITY, NV COUNTY

CHARLESTON-NORTH CHARLESTON, SC MSA

CHARLOTTE-GASTONIA-ROCK HILL, NC-SC* MSA

CHESHIRE, NH COUNTY

CHEYENNE, CO COUNTY

CHICAGO-GARY-KENOSHA, IL-IN-WI* CMSA

CHOCTAW, AL COUNTY

CINCINNATI-HAMILTON, OH-KY-IN* CMSA

CITRUS, FL COUNTY

CLATSOP, OR COUNTY

CLEVELAND-AKRON, OH* CMSA

CLINTON, IA COUNTY

CLINTON, NY COUNTY

COLUMBIA, NY COUNTY

COLUMBUS, OH* MSA

CORPUS CHRISTI, TX MSA

CRAVEN, NC COUNTY

CROOK, OR COUNTY

DALLAS-FORT WORTH, TX* CMSA

DAYTON-SPRINGFIELD, OH* MSA

DECATUR, GA COUNTY

DELTA, MI* COUNTY

DENVER-BOULDER-GREELEY, CO* CMSA

DES MOINES, IA MSA

DETROIT-ANN ARBOR-FLINT, MI* CMSA

DORCHESTER, MD COUNTY

ELKHART-GOSHEN, IN MSA

FERGUS, MT COUNTY

FOND DU LAC, WI COUNTY

Geographic coverage Survey areas 6

6

 Metropolitan areas are either Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA)

or Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas (CMSA). Nonmetropolitan

areas are identified as counties or parishes. Asterisk (*) indicates that results have been published for the locality. Data for other areas did not meet

publication standards. The geographical definitions of published metropolitan area surveys are available on the Internet. The address is: http://

www.bls.gov/compub.htm
184

FORT COLLINS-LOVELAND, CO* MSA

FRANKLIN, VA COUNTY

FREEBORN, MN COUNTY

GEORGETOWN, SC COUNTY

GILLESPIE, TX* COUNTY

GOODHUE, MN COUNTY

GRAFTON, NH COUNTY

GRAND RAPIDS-MUSKEGON-HOLLAND, MI MSA

GREAT FALLS, MT* MSA

GREEN LAKE, WI COUNTY

GREENSBORO—WINSTON-SALEM—HIGH POINT, NC MSA

GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG-ANDERSON, SC MSA

GREENWOOD, SC COUNTY

GRIGGS, ND COUNTY

HARRISON, KY* COUNTY

HARTFORD, CT * MSA

HENDERSON, IL COUNTY

HENRY, AL COUNTY

HICKORY-MORGANTON-LENOIR, NC MSA

HOUSTON-GALVESTON-BRAZORIA, TX* CMSA

HUNTSVILLE, AL* MSA

INDIANAPOLIS, IN* MSA

IOWA CITY, IA MSA

JEFFERSON, IN COUNTY

JOHNSTOWN, PA* MSA

JUNEAU, WI COUNTY

KALAMAZOO-BATTLE CREEK, MI MSA

KANSAS CITY, MO-KS* MSA

KNOXVILLE, TN MSA

LEE, MS COUNTY

LEWIS, MO COUNTY

LIBERTY, GA COUNTY

LINCOLN, NE MSA

LINCOLN, WY COUNTY

LOGAN, NE COUNTY

LOS ANGELES-RIVERSIDE-ORANGE COUNTY, CA* CMSA

LOUISVILLE, KY-IN MSA

MADISON, NE COUNTY

MARSHALL, IN COUNTY

MELBOURNE-TITUSVILLE-PALM BAY, FL MSA

MEMPHIS, TN-AR-MS MSA

MIAMI-FORT LAUDERDALE, FL* CMSA

MILWAUKEE-RACINE, WI* CMSA

MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL, MN-WI* MSA

MOBILE, AL MSA

MONROE, OH COUNTY

MONTGOMERY, VA COUNTY
185

MOORE, NC COUNTY

MORGAN, IL COUNTY

NEW ORLEANS, LA* MSA

NEW YORK-NORTHERN NEW JERSEY-LONG ISLAND,

NY-NJ-CT-PA* CMSA

NORFOLK-VIRGINIA BEACH-NEWPORT NEWS, VA-NC MSA

NORTHUMBERLAND, PA COUNTY

OCALA, FL MSA

OKLAHOMA CITY, OK MSA

ORANGE, VT COUNTY

ORLANDO, FL* MSA

PALO PINTO, TX COUNTY

PANOLA, TX* COUNTY

PHILADELPHIA-WILMINGTON-ATLANTIC CITY, PA-NJ-DE-MD* CMSA

PHOENIX-MESA, AZ* MSA

PITTSBURGH, PA* MSA

POLK, NC* COUNTY

POPE, AR COUNTY

PORTLAND-SALEM, OR-WA* CMSA

PRAIRIE, AR COUNTY

PROVIDENCE-FALL RIVER-WARWICK, RI-MA MSA

RALEIGH-DURHAM-CHAPEL HILL, NC* MSA

READING, PA MSA

RENO, NV MSA

RICHLAND-KENNEWICK-PASCO, WA MSA

RICHMOND-PETERSBURG, VA* MSA

ROCHESTER, NY* MSA

ROCKFORD, IL MSA

SACRAMENTO-YOLO, CA* CMSA

SALINAS, CA MSA

SAN ANTONIO, TX MSA

SAN DIEGO, CA* MSA

SAN FRANCISCO-OAKLAND-SAN JOSE, CA* CMSA

SAUK, WI COUNTY

SEATTLE-TACOMA-BREMERTON, WA* CMSA

SENECA, OH COUNTY

SEWARD, NE COUNTY

SKAGIT, WA COUNTY

SPRINGFIELD, MA MSA

SPRINGFIELD, MO MSA

ST. FRANCIS, AR COUNTY

ST. LAWRENCE, NY COUNTY

ST. LOUIS, MO-IL* MSA

TALLAHASSEE, FL* MSA

TAMA, IA COUNTY

TAMPA-ST. PETERSBURG-CLEARWATER, FL* MSA

TATTNALL, GA* COUNTY
186

TAYLOR, KY COUNTY

TUNICA, MS COUNTY

VERMILION, LA PARISH

VISALIA-TULARE-PORTERVILLE, CA* MSA

WARD, ND COUNTY

WASCO, OR* COUNTY

WASHINGTON, GA COUNTY

WASHINGTON-BALTIMORE, DC-MD-VA-WV* CMSA

WAYNE, OH COUNTY

WAYNE, TN COUNTY

WINSTON, MS* COUNTY

YAVAPAI, AZ COUNTY

YORK, PA MSA

YOUNGSTOWN-WARREN, OH MSA