# Patent

## Title
Battery backup system for uninterrupted power supply

## Abstract

Methods and systems supply uninterrupted power to a load using a backup battery module. A driver circuit connects the load and the backup battery module such that the operational range of the load voltage is narrower than the operational range of the battery voltage. Different charging and discharging paths of the driver circuit may be used to limit the DC bus voltage to values lower than the battery voltage. The proposed systems and methods can increase power efficiency and decrease the cost of power supply and conversion operations.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation application of, and claims priority to, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/715,014, titled “Battery Backup System For Uninterrupted Power Supply,” filed on May 18, 2015, which application is a continuation application of, and claims priority to, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/407,960, titled “Battery Backup System For Uninterrupted Power Supply,” filed on Feb. 29, 2012. The disclosure of each of the foregoing applications is incorporated herein by reference.


FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present disclosure relates generally to power supply systems, and more particularly to battery backup circuits in uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems.
BACKGROUND
UPS systems provide reliable, uninterrupted electric power to loads when the main input power supply is disrupted. These systems are typically used to protect computer, storage, processing, telecommunication equipment and/or any other equipment where the interruption of power supply or deviation from regulated power supply specifications can cause disruption, data loss, or injuries.
In a common power architecture of a UPS system, a load is connected through a DC bus to both a main AC-DC power supply and a backup battery. The load is typically powered from the main AC-DC power supply, for example through mains power. If the AC power supply is disrupted, for example, because of a power outage, the load is switched to the backup battery, which ensures continuous power supply. As the backup battery releases its stored energy by discharge, the voltage of the DC bus may significantly drop compared to its value during supply of the AC power. This voltage drop may be amplified when the backup battery has a high discharge rate, such as with lead-acid or lithium-ion batteries. As a result, typical UPS architectures may require a wide operational range of the DC bus voltage, e.g., in the order of tens of Volts. Such a wide operational voltage range may lower the power efficiency and increase cost and complexity of the supply and conversion operations in the UPS system.
SUMMARY
Aspects of the invention may be used to supply uninterrupted power to a load. One aspect is directed to a backup power system for supplying power to a load. The system includes a DC bus coupled to the load, where the DC bus operates at a DC bus voltage having a first operational range. The system further includes a battery module for supplying backup power to the load, where the battery module operates at a battery voltage having a second operational range. The system further includes a driver circuit for controlling the battery module, where the battery module is coupled to the DC bus via the driver circuit, and where the first operational range of the DC bus voltage is narrower than the second operational range of the battery voltage.
Another aspect is directed to a method of operating a battery module in a backup power system configured to supply power to a load coupled to a DC bus, where the DC bus operates at a DC bus voltage having a first operational range and the battery module operates at a battery voltage having a second operational range. The method includes controlling the battery voltage using a driver circuit, where the battery module is coupled to the DC bus via the driver circuit, and where the first operational range of the DC bus voltage is narrower than the second operational range of the battery voltage.
Yet another aspect is directed to a backup power system for supplying power to a load. The system includes a DC bus coupled to the load, where the DC bus operates at a DC bus voltage and a battery module for supplying backup power to the load, where the battery module operates at a battery voltage. The system further includes a driver circuit for controlling the battery module using a first path during a charging period and a second path during a discharging period, where the battery module is coupled to the DC bus via the driver circuit. The driver circuit includes a charging current regulator operable to control a current for charging the battery module in a first portion of the charging period and to block the charging current from the second path during a second portion of the charging period. The driver circuit further includes a boost circuit for controlling the battery voltage in the second portion of the charging period by matching the battery voltage to a target voltage level that is higher than the DC bus voltage.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
The methods and systems may be better understood from the following illustrative description with reference to the following drawings in which:
FIG. 1 shows a simplified block diagram of a UPS system according to some implementations;
FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of an exemplary battery backup system in an exemplary UPS system, according to some implementations;
FIG. 3 shows a circuit diagram of an exemplary UPS system according to some implementations;
FIG. 4 illustrates operational voltage waveforms for AC-DC power supply voltage, battery voltage, and DC bus voltage under full load condition in an exemplary UPS system; and
FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing an exemplary process for controlling charging operations in an exemplary UPS system, according to some implementations.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
To provide an overall understanding of the invention, certain illustrative implementations will now be described, including systems and methods for providing uninterrupted power supply. However, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the systems and methods described herein may be adapted and modified as is appropriate and that the systems and methods described herein may be employed in other suitable implementations, and that such other additions and modifications will not depart from the scope thereof.
I. High-Level Power Architecture
FIG. 1 shows a simplified block diagram of a UPS system 100 according to some implementations. Power system 100 includes load 102, DC-DC converter 104, DC bus 106, AC-DC converter 108, AC power source 110, and battery backup system 112. Load 102 may include computer, storage, processing, telecommunication equipment and/or any other equipment for which uninterrupted power supply is desired.
Load 102 is connected to DC bus 106 through DC-DC converter 104. DC-DC converter 104 may convert the voltage of DC bus 106 from one voltage level to another as appropriate, for example, to meet the voltage specifications of load 102. When AC power is on, load 102 is powered from AC-DC power supply 107, which includes AC power source 110 and AC-DC converter 108. The AC power source 110 may correspond to AC power mains, an AC generator, and/or any other appropriate power supply. The AC power source 110 is converted to DC power using AC-DC converter 108. This AC-DC power is fed through AC-DC voltage line 116 to DC bus 106.
In the event of a disruption of the AC-DC power supply, for instance, because of power loss or deviation from regulated power specifications, supply to load 102 is switched to battery backup system 112 through backup voltage line 114. Battery backup system 112 may include one battery or a plurality of batteries arranged in a serial, parallel, and/or any appropriate configuration. For the purpose of illustration, the remaining description will refer to the one or more batteries of battery backup system 112 as a battery module having an associated battery voltage Vbat. It will be appreciated, however, that any number, battery configuration, and/or type of batteries may be included in this battery module.
When the AC power supply is restored after the power disruption, load 102 may be switched back to the AC-DC power line 116. In addition, the now depleted battery module in battery backup system 112 may be charged from AC source 110 through DC bus 106.
II. Battery Backup System Architecture
In some implementations, different charging and discharging paths may be used between the battery module and the DC bus such that the battery voltage is controlled to be higher than the DC bus voltage. As a result, the DC bus voltage may operate at a narrower range than the battery voltage. This may improve overall efficiency and reduce cost of operation of the UPS system. The separation of charging and discharging paths can also increase protection against system faults such as thermal runaways, short-circuits, and battery over and under voltage.
An exemplary implementation of battery backup system 112 with different charging and discharging paths is illustrated in FIG. 2 below. FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of battery backup system 200, according to some implementations. Battery backup system 200 includes driver circuit 201 and battery module 220. Driver circuit 201 includes charging path 202, discharging path 208, and optionally, controller 230.
When AC power is on, AC-DC power supply 107 generates charging current 226 which flows through charging path 202 to charge battery module 220. Components of charging path 202 operate to increase the battery voltage Vbat from its discharge voltage level to a target voltage level, VbatT that is higher than that of the voltage Vbus across DC bus 106. This may be accomplished in two ways. First, charging current regulator 206 may increase the battery voltage Vbat by regulating charging current 226. Specifically, charging current regulator 206 may be designed to provide a linear relationship between charging current 226 and Vbat, such that changing the charging current raises Vbat. Second, boost circuit 204 may increase the battery voltage Vbat by matching the voltage Vbat to a target voltage level.
The charging current or battery voltage regulating functions can be controlled by controller 230 which may activate or deactivate charging current regulator 206 and/or boost circuit 204, as described above. In addition, controller 230 may provide predetermined and/or dynamically adjusted target reference values for the voltage and charging current, such as Ira and VbatT. Alternatively, these control target values may be hardwired in charging current regulator 206 and/or boost circuit 204.
In the event of a disruption of AC power, the battery module provides power to load 102 through discharging path 208. Discharging current 228 is provided from battery module 220 through discharging path 208. Discharging path 208 includes discharging switch circuit 210 and charging disconnect circuit 212. Discharging switch circuit 210 may activate the discharging path during discharging of the battery module and deactivate the discharging path during charging of the battery module. Charging disconnect circuit 212 may block charging current 226 from entering the discharging path during charging and reduce the voltage drop across the charging disconnect circuit 212 during discharging. As with components of charging path 202, components of discharging path 208 may be controlled by controller 230. For example, controller 230 may signal to discharging switch circuit 210 and/or charging disconnect circuit 212 whether the battery is in charging or discharging mode.
The power architecture described herein may work with any type of battery. Because of the reduction in the operational range of Vbus compared to that of the battery voltage Vbat, this arrangement may be used with batteries that have a high discharge rate such as lithium-ion batteries. These batteries have an operational voltage range that is wider than that of other commonly used types of batteries, such as lead-acid batteries.
III. Battery Backup System Implementation
FIG. 3 shows a circuit diagram of an exemplary UPS system 300 according to some implementations. UPS system 300 includes load 302, DC-DC converter 304, DC bus 306, AC-DC converter 308, and AC power source 310. These components may be similar to load 102, DC-DC converter 104, DC bus 106, AC-DC converter 108, and AC power source 110 of FIG. 1, respectively. UPS system 300 also includes battery backup system 312, which has driver circuit 313 and battery module 360. Battery module 360 may be similar to battery module 220 of FIG. 2. Driver circuit 313 includes a shunt resistance 314, switches M1, M2, M3, M4, M6, and M7, diode D2, and boost converter circuit 324. Boost converter circuit 324 includes switch M5, inductance L1, diode D1, and capacitor C1. Capacitor C1 can reduce output voltage ripple during the operation of boost converter circuit 324. Similarly, capacitor 307 can reduce output voltage ripple across DC bus 306. Diode D2 is operable to isolate the battery from the capacitor C1 in case switches M1 through M7 are off.
Load 302 is connected to DC bus 306 through DC-DC converter 304. When AC power supply is on, load 302 is powered through AC-DC power supply 307 from the AC power source 310. In this case, the voltage across DC bus 306, Vbus, is maintained substantially at a target steady state voltage level VbusT. When the battery module 360 is fully charged (e.g., after AC power has been on for a long enough period or when a new battery module is installed), then the voltage across the battery module Vbat is maintained substantially at a second target steady state voltage level VbatT. As will be described in further detail below, driver circuit 313 operates to decouple voltages across battery module 360 and DC bus 306, such that VbusT may be lower than VbatT. In one example, when AC power is on, Vbat may be kept at around 58 Volts and Vbus may be kept at around 48 Volts.
When the power supply from AC power source 310 is disrupted, battery backup system 312 provides backup power to load 302 by discharging battery module 360. Battery module 360 provides discharging current 328, which flows from battery pole 362 to battery pole 361 in a discharging path along nodes N4, N2, N1, N0, N6, and N5, in that order. In this way, discharging current 328 passes through shunt resistor 314, switches M1, M2, M3, and M4, and the positive terminal of the DC bus 306. To accomplish this, switches M1 through M4 are activated, i.e., turned on, during discharge of the battery.
When the AC power supply is restored, the DC bus voltage from the AC-DC converter 308 is provided to power the load and to charge battery module 360. During this charging period, battery module 360 is charged through charging current 326. Charging current 326 flows from the positive terminal of DC bus 306 in a charging path along nodes N5, N6, N10, N11, NO, N8, N7, N2, N4, or, alternatively, along nodes N5, N6, N7, N2, and N4, depending on the state of switch M5. In this way, charging current 326 flows through battery module 360, boost converter circuit 324, switches M6 and M7, and DC bus 306. During charging, switches M1, M2, M3, and M4 are deactivated, i.e., off. Alternatively, M3 and M4 may be used for charging the battery when the AC power is restored. In this case, M6 and/or M7 may be deactivated, i.e., turned off while M3 and M4 may be activated, i.e., turned on for charging. The operation of the various components of the charging and discharging paths will be described in further detail below.
Switches M1, M2, M3, and M4 correspond to discharging path 208 of FIG. 2. In particular, switches M1 and M2 correspond to discharging switch circuit 210 and switches M3 and M4 correspond to charging disconnect circuit 212 of FIG. 2. These switches of the discharging path 330 are activated during the discharging period and deactivated during at least a portion of the charging period of the battery module 360. In some implementations, switches M1, M2, M3, and M4 are activated when the bus voltage is lower than the normal bus voltage VbusT and deactivated when a certain amount of charging current 326 flows after AC power is restored. In this way, M1, M2, M3, and M4 are activated in response to a disruption of AC power supply and deactivated in response to a restoration of the AC power supply. In some implementations, M1, M2, M3, and M4 are activated in response to a disruption of AC power supply and deactivated in response to detecting that the battery voltage has increased to a certain target voltage level, e.g., VbusT.
When the AC power supply is restored, Vbus is restored to its steady state voltage level VbusT through the AC-DC power supply 307. In addition, battery module 360 is charged and Vbat is restored to its steady state voltage level VbatT in two charging phases. In the first charging phase, Vbat is increased by control of the charging current 326 until Vbat reaches voltage level VbusT. In the second charging phase, Vbat is increased by voltage regulation until Vbat reaches voltage level VbatT. This is accomplished as follows.
In the first charging phase, while Vbat is lower than Vbus, switches M6 and/or M7 can increase Vbat from VdischgT to VbusT by regulating the charging current 326. For example, M6 or/and M7 may regulate charging current 326 to become less than a reference current level, Iref. Reference current level Iref may be determined such that the proximity of the charging current to this reference current level Iref causes Vbat to be close to VbusT. In one implementation, M6 and/or M7 may be implemented as power MOSFETs operating in their linear region during the first charging phase. In this way, as the charging current is regulated to match Iref, Vbat changes substantially linearly with the charging current. This process continues until Vbat reaches the normal steady state bus voltage VbusT to within a threshold of closeness and/or until the charging current is less than Iref. In addition to current regulation, switches M6 and/or M7 provide protection. For example, M6 and/or M7 may operate to protect the discharging path from system faults such as overcharging, voltage surges, and/or thermal leakages.
In some implementations, switches M3 and/or M4, rather than, or in addition to switches M6 and M7, may implement the function of the charging current regulator. For example, in the first charging phase, while Vbat is lower than Vbus, switches M3 and/or M4 may be used for increasing Vbat from VdischgT to VbusT by regulating the charging current 326. For example, M3 or/and M4 may regulate charging current 326 to become less than a reference current level, Iref. Reference current level Iref may be determined as described above, i.e., such that the proximity of the charging current to this reference current level Iref causes Vbat to be close to VbusT. M3 and/or M4 may be implemented like M6 and/or M7, e.g., as power MOSFETs operating in their linear region during the first charging phase. In this way, as the charging current is regulated to match Iref, Vbat changes substantially linearly with the charging current. This process continues until Vbat reaches the normal steady state bus voltage VbusT to within a threshold of closeness and/or the charging current is less than Iref. For example, M3 and/or M4 may be deactivated when the battery voltage is higher than the bus voltage. In this implementation, the switches of path 330, i.e., M1, M2, M3, and/or M4 may be activated during the discharging period and during the first charging phase, and deactivated during the second portion of the charging period.
In the second charging phase, where Vbat exceeds Vbus, boost converter circuit 324 raises its output voltage, Vbat to a higher level than its input voltage, Vbus. This is done using M5, which regulates charging current 326 and battery voltage Vbat. In particular, M5 operates to raise Vbat to its target steady state voltage level VbatT while limiting the charging current, e.g., to around Iref. In the on-state, M5 is closed and charging current 326 flows through switch M5, resulting in an increase in the inductor current in L1. In the off-state, M5 is open, and the charging current (which is equal to the inductor current) flows through the battery module 360, capacitor C1 and diodes D2 and D1. As a result, the energy that was accumulated in inductor L1 during the on-state of M5 is transferred into the capacitor C1 and battery module 360 during the off-state of M5.
By alternating the on-state and the off-state for appropriate lengths of time, boost converter circuit 324 can control battery voltage Vbat. The longer the on-state of M5, the higher Vbat is compared to Vbus. For example, defining duty cycle D as the fraction of the commutation period T during which the switch is on, D can be increased until Vbat reaches the desired target level VbatT above Vbus.
Although switches M1 through M7 are illustrated as MOSFETS in FIG. 3, any appropriate switch may be used. For example, M1 through M7 may be implemented using any appropriate type of switch, including but not limited to a transistor (e.g., IGBT or BJT) and/or a diode. In addition, although switches (M1, M2), (M3, M4), and (M6, M7) have been described in pairs above, it should be noted that any suitable number of switches can be used. In some implementations, only one of the two switches in each pair (M1, M2), (M3, M4), and/or (M6,M7) may be used, for example, to here no safety problems are raised. Alternatively, more switches may be used to provide additional protection. In addition, switches M3 and/or M4 may be replaced with a diode, which can provide the desired current blocking function while simplifying the control design. These aspects may be designed based, for example, on system requirements, complexity of control, and cost considerations.
One advantage of the UPS system described above may be a narrower operational range for the DC bus voltage as compared to conventional battery backup systems. This increases efficiency and decreases cost and complexity of the UPS system.
FIG. 4 illustrates the operational voltage waveforms for the AC power supply voltage, battery voltage Vbat, and DC bus voltage Vbus under full load condition. Voltage waveform 402 represents the AC supply voltage, for example, as measured across AC power source 310 of FIG. 3. Voltage waveform 404 corresponds to Vbat, for example as measured across battery module 360 of FIG. 3. Voltage waveform 406 corresponds to Vbus, for example as measured across DC bus 306 of FIG. 3. Current waveform 464 measures the amplitude of the discharging current, e.g., discharging current 328 of FIG. 3. Current waveform 466 represents the amplitude of the charging current, e.g., charging current 326 of FIG. 3. The main AC power is disrupted at time t1 and restored at t2.
Between times t0 and t1, the AC power supply is on (waveform 402) and the load is powered through the main AC power supply using charging current Ichg. During this time, the battery is fully charged and, as a result, the charging current is close to zero (waveform 466). Under these conditions, Vbat is set at a voltage level, VbatT, that is higher than the voltage level VbusTh of Vbus. In one example, there may be a difference of about 10 Volts between VbusT and VbatT.
At time t1, the AC power is disrupted. As a result, the charging current drops to substantially zero and both Vbat and Vbus drop to a voltage level VdischgT that is lower than VbusT (and by transitivity, lower than VbatT). In some implementations, VdischgT is variable depending on the load and backup time period. In one example, there may be a difference of about 5 Volts between VbusT and VdischgT. The battery provides discharging current Idischg, as can be seen from waveform 464. As the energy of the backup battery module gets depleted after the power disruption at t1, Vbat and Vbus may continue to decrease as illustrated by the negative slope of their waveforms 404 and 406 between t1 and t2.
At time t2, the AC power is restored. The voltage across Vbus is quickly restored to its normal steady state voltage level VbusT from the main AC power supply. The backup battery module is recharged in two charging phases. During the first charging phase, from t2 to t3, Vbat increases due to the operation of the charging current regulator (e.g., current regulator 206 of FIG. 2 and switches M6 and M7 or switches M3 and M4 of FIG. 3). During this phase, the charging current is first restored to its pre-power interruption level (Iref); the charging current is then controlled to be less than Iref, as seen by the small current fall in waveform 466 immediately before t3. In response to the charging current being less than Iref and/or to Vbat exceeding threshold voltage level VbusT at t3, the second charging phase is performed using the boost circuit, e.g., boost circuit 204 of FIG. 2 or boost converter circuit 314 of FIG. 3. In this second phase, Vbat continues to increase until it reaches Vbat. This increase may happen at a slower rate than during the first phase. In addition, the charging current is restored to the reference current level Iref, as shown by the increase in the charging current of waveform 466 at t3.
Although the beginning of the second charging, time t3, is marked exactly at the intersection of waveforms 404 and 406, i.e., when Vbat=Vbus=VbusT, this need not be the case. The second charging phase may be started when the charging current is less than Iref and/or when Vbat is within an appropriate degree of closeness to Vbus.
The following table summarizes the ranges of operation of Vbus and Vbat from FIG. 4 in the example where VbatT is set to 58.4 Volts and VbusT is set to 48 Volts. The operational range of Vbus across both the charging and discharging modes is [43-48 Volts] while that of Vbat is [43-58.4 Volts]. The described UPS system thus allows for an operational range of Vbus that is narrower than that of Vbat and for Vbus to be lower than Vbat when AC power is on. This increases the efficiency of the battery backup system.







TABLE 1







Operational Ranges of Vbus and Vbat













TIME
t0-t1
t1-t2
t2-t3
After t3







AC power
ON
OFF
ON
ON



Vbus
48
  48-43
48
48



Vbat
58.4
58.4-43
43-48
48-58.4










FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing an exemplary process 500 for controlling first and second charging phase operations in an exemplary UPS system according to some implementations. Process 500 may be implemented locally in control circuitries that are part of the battery backup system (e.g., in processing circuitry of charging current regulator 206 and/or boost circuit 204 of FIG. 2) or centrally (e.g., in processing circuitry which may or may not be part of the battery backup system 200 of FIG. 2).
At 502, Vbat is increased to its target steady state voltage level, i.e., voltage level VbusT using the current control circuitry described above. For example, the charging current of the backup battery module may be matched to a target reference current level Iref using switches M6 and/or M7 of FIG. 3. Alternatively, or in addition to using switches M6 and/or M7 of FIG. 3, increasing the battery voltage may be done using switches M3 and/or M4 of FIG. 3, as described above.
At 504, Vbat is periodically checked against the voltage level VbusT. If the voltage is close enough to VbusT, then 506 is performed. Otherwise, Vbat is increased again at 502 using the control circuitry.
At 506, Vbat is increased to its own steady state voltage level, i.e., voltage level VbatT, using the voltage control circuitry described above. For example, Vbat may be matched to the voltage level VbatT using boost converter circuit of FIG. 3. The battery may be continuously charged up in this manner.
A number of implementations have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosures in this document. For example, additional components may be added to those shown above, or components may be removed or rearranged. Also particular values for voltage levels and other such values may be varied. Moreover, while operations of process 500 are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, parallel processing may be advantageous. Further, certain portions of the invention may be implemented as “logic” or a “component” that performs one or more functions. This logic may include hardware, such as an application specific integrated circuit or a field programmable switch array, software, or a combination of hardware and software.

## Claims

1. A backup power system comprising:
a driver circuit for controlling a battery module that operates at a battery voltage and for electrically coupling the battery module to a DC bus, the driver circuit comprising:
a first circuit for charging the battery module, the first circuit comprising:
a current regulator for regulating a charging current for charging the battery module; and
a boost circuit for increasing the battery voltage to a target battery voltage that is higher than a normal bus voltage of the DC bus; and


a second circuit for discharging the battery module onto the DC bus, the second circuit being different from the first circuit.

2. The backup power system of claim 1, wherein the current regulator regulates the charging current when the battery voltage is less than a voltage of the DC bus.

3. The backup power system of claim 1, wherein the boost circuit increases the battery voltage when the battery voltage is equal to or greater than a voltage of the DC bus.

4. The backup power system of claim 1, wherein an operational voltage range of the DC bus if narrower than an operational range of the battery voltage.

5. The backup power system of claim 1, wherein the current regulator comprises two or more switches that regulate the charging current at a current level that is less than a reference current level that causes the battery voltage to be equal to a voltage of the DC bus.

6. The backup power system of claim 5, wherein the two or more switches include power MOSFETs that operate in a linear region when charging the battery module.

7. The backup power system of claim 1, further comprising a controller that:
detects when the battery voltage is higher than a voltage of the DC bus; and
in response to detecting that the battery voltage is higher than the voltage of the DC bus:
deactivates the current regulator; and
activates the boost circuit.

8. The backup power system of claim 1, wherein the boost circuit increases the battery voltage to the target battery voltage by limiting the charging current to a reference current.

9. The backup power system of claim 1, wherein the boost circuit comprises a boost converter that increases the battery voltage to the target battery voltage by selectively activating and deactivating a switch to increase current of an inductor when the switch is activated and transfer the current of the inductor to the battery module when the switch is deactivated.

10. The backup power system of claim 9, wherein an amount of time that the switch is activated relative to an amount of time that the switch is deactivated per cycle is increased to increase the battery voltage to the target battery voltage.

11. A method for controlling a battery module of a backup power system in which the battery module operates at a battery voltage, the method comprising:
controlling the battery voltage using a driver circuit that electrically couples the battery module to a DC bus, the controlling comprising:
increasing the battery voltage during charging using a first circuit that comprises a current regulator and a boost circuit, wherein the current regulator regulates a charging current for charging the battery module, and wherein the boost circuit increases the battery voltage to a target battery voltage that is higher than a normal bus voltage of the DC bus; and
discharging the battery module onto the DC bus using a second circuit different from the first circuit.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the current regulator regulates the charging current when the battery voltage is less than a voltage of the DC bus.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the boost circuit increases the battery voltage when the battery voltage is equal to or greater than a voltage of the DC bus.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein an operational voltage range of the DC bus if narrower than an operational range of the battery voltage.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein the current regulator comprises two or more switches that regulate the charging current at a current level that is less than a reference current level that causes the battery voltage to be equal to a voltage of the DC bus.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the two or more switches include power MOSFETs that operate in a linear region when charging the battery module.

17. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
detecting when the battery voltage is higher than a voltage of the DC bus; and
in response to detecting that the battery voltage is higher than the voltage of the DC bus:
deactivating the current regulator; and
activating the boost circuit.

18. The method of claim 11, wherein the boost circuit increases the battery voltage to the target battery voltage by limiting the charging current to a reference current.

19. The method of claim 11, wherein the boost circuit comprises a boost converter that increases the battery voltage to the target battery voltage by selectively activating and deactivating a switch to increase current of an inductor when the switch is activated and transfer the current of the inductor to the battery module when the switch is deactivated.

20. A backup power system comprising:
a battery module comprising one or more batteries;
a driver circuit that controls the battery module and that electrically couples the battery module to a DC bus that operates at a normal bus voltage, the driver circuit comprising:
a first circuit for charging the battery module, the first circuit comprising:
a current regulator for regulating a charging current for charging the battery module; and
a boost circuit for increasing the battery voltage to a target battery voltage that is higher than the normal bus voltage of the DC bus; and

a second circuit for discharging the battery module onto the DC bus, the second circuit being different from the first circuit.