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December 2020 
                    Report 1089

				 
			

























































																											



				 
                
                BLS Reports Menu
                    CONTENTS
                        Statistical Tables 
						  Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers...Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers...Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers...Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers...Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours...Table 6. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual...Table 7. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers...Table 8. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly...Table 9. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by...Table 10. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or...Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or...Table 12. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for full-time...Table 13. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic...Table 14. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by educational...Table 15. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for wage and...Table 16. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic...Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for...Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and...Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational...Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and...Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic...Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary...Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary...Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary...Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly...Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly...
                          Technical Notes
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     Highlights of women's earnings in 2019
Highlights of women's earnings in 2019 imageIn 2019, women who were full-time wage and salary workers had median usual weekly earnings that were 82 percent of those of male full-time wage and salary workers. In 1979, the first year for which comparable earnings data are available, women’s earnings were 62 percent of men’s. Most of the growth in women’s earnings relative to men’s occurred in the 1980s (when the women’s to men’s ratio went from 64 percent to 70 percent) and in the 1990s (when the ratio went from 72 percent to 77 percent). Since 2004, the women’s-to-men’s earnings ratio has remained in the 80 to 83 percent range. (See chart 1 and tables 1 and 12.)This report presents earnings data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a national monthly sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The weekly and hourly earnings estimates in this report reflect information collected from one-fourth of the households in the monthly survey and averaged for the calendar year. The data in this report are distinct from the annual earnings estimates for full-time, year-round workers collected separately in the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) to the CPS and published by the U.S. Census Bureau. (See the BLS website for an explanation of the differences between these datasets.)The earnings comparisons in this report are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that can be important in explaining earnings differences, such as job skills and responsibilities, work experience, and specialization. The earnings estimates referenced throughout this report are medians. The median is the mid-point in the earnings distribution, with half of workers having earnings above the median level and half having earnings below.See the accompanying technical notes section for more information, including a description of the of the data source and an explanation of the concepts and definitions used in this report.View Chart DataChart 1. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2019 annual averagesYearPercentage197962.3198064.2198164.4198265.7198366.5198467.6198568.1198669.5198769.8198870.2198970.1199071.9199174.2199275.8199377.1199476.4199575.5199675.0199774.4199876.3199976.5200076.9200176.4200277.9200379.4200480.4200581.0200680.8200780.2200879.9200980.2201081.2201182.2201280.9201382.1201482.5201581.1201681.9201781.8201881.1201981.5Note: Percentages are calculated from annual averages of median usual weekly earnings for full-time wage and salary workers.Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.Earnings of full-time workersBelow are data highlights for women and men who usually work full time (35 hours or more per week) in wage and salary jobs, with sections focusing on characteristics, such as age, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, education, occupation, and more.Earnings by age groupIn 2019, median weekly earnings were $821 for all women age 16 and older. For men age 16 and older, median weekly earnings were $1,007. Women’s median weekly earnings were highest for those between the ages of 35 to 44, with earnings of $920, and those ages 45 to 54, with earnings of $904. Women ages 55 to 64 and age 65 and older had slightly lower earnings—$880 and $815, respectively. For men, earnings were highest for 35- to 64-year-olds, with little difference in the earnings of 45- to 54-year-olds and 55- to 64-year-olds ($1,169 and $1,166, respectively). Men between the ages of 35 to 44 had median weekly earnings of $1,149. Young women and men ages 16 to 24 had the lowest earnings ($540 and $607, respectively). (See chart 2 and table 1.)View Chart DataChart 2. Median usual weekly earnings of women and men who are full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 2019 annual averagesAgeWomenMen16 to 2454060725 to 3478889735 to 449201,14945 to 549041,16955 to 648801,16665 and older8151,066Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.In 2019, women’s earnings ranged from 76 percent to 80 percent of men’s among workers age 35 and older. For those under age 35, the earnings differences between women and men were smaller, with women earning 84 percent to 90 percent of what men did. The earnings difference between men and women has historically been smaller for those under age 35 than for those in older age groups. (See table 1 and table 12.)Women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios have grown substantially for most age groups since 1979. For young workers ages 16 to 24, the gains occurred primarily in the 1980s. For workers ages 25 to 64, the gains continued into the 2000s, but have tapered off in recent years. (See table 12.)Earnings by race and ethnicityAsian women and men earned more than their White, Black, and Hispanic counterparts in 2019. Among women, Whites ($840) earned 82 percent as much as Asians ($1,025); Blacks ($704) earned 69 percent; and Hispanics ($642) earned 63 percent. Among men, these earnings differences were even larger: White men ($1,036) earned 78 percent as much as Asian men ($1,336); Black men ($769) earned 58 percent as much; and Hispanic men ($747) earned 56 percent (See chart 3 and table 1.)View Chart DataChart 3. Median usual weekly earnings of women and men who are full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2019 annual averagesRace and Hispanic or Latino EthnicityWomenMenTotal8211,007White8401,036Black or African American704769Asian1,0251,336Hispanic or Latino ethnicity642747Note: People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race. Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include Hispanics.Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.Earnings differences between women and men were largest among Asians and among Whites. Asian women earned 77 percent as much as Asian men in 2019, and White women earned 81 percent as much as White men. In comparison, Black women had median earnings that were 92 percent of Black men’s, and Hispanic women’s earnings were 86 percent of Hispanic men’s. (See table 1.)Women’s earnings have increased considerably since 1979 (the first year for which comparable data for Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics are available), with White women experiencing the greatest earnings growth. From 1979 to 2019, inflation-adjusted median weekly earnings (also called constant-dollar earnings) increased by 39 percent for White women, by 27 percent for Black women, and by 24 percent for Hispanic women. For White and Black women, gains tapered off around 2004. Since that time, White and Black women have seen little net growth in earnings. From 2004 to 2019, White women experienced an earnings growth of 6 percent, and Black women experienced an earnings increase of 3 percent. On the other hand, Hispanic women’s earnings have remained on an upward trend, although substantial earnings growth for them did not begin until the late 1990s. (See table 18.)The long-term trend in men’s earnings has been quite different than that for women. Inflation-adjusted earnings for White and Black men trended down from 1979 through the first part of the 1990s, followed by a period of growth that stalled in the early 2000s. For Hispanic men, earnings also declined from 1979 through the mid-1990s, then began to trend up. Over the full period, 1979 through 2019, inflation-adjusted earnings have shown little change on net for White (6 percent), Black (3 percent), and Hispanic (4 percent) men. (See table 18.)Between 2000 and 2019, inflation-adjusted earnings for Asian women and men remained on an upward trend. (Data for Asians are not available prior to 2000.) Asian women’s earnings grew by 26 percent, and Asian men’s earnings grew by 31 percent over that period. (See table 18.)Earnings by educational attainmentMedian weekly earnings vary significantly by educational attainment. Among all workers age 25 and older, the weekly earnings of those without a high school diploma ($592) were 43 percent of those with a bachelor’s degree and higher ($1,367) in 2019. For workers with a high school diploma who had not attended college, median earnings ($746) were 55 percent of those for workers with a bachelor’s degree and higher. Those with some college or an associate’s degree (median weekly earnings of $856) made 63 percent of what workers with a bachelor’s degree and higher made. (See table 1.)In each educational attainment category, the long-term trend in inflation-adjusted earnings has been more favorable for women than for men. The inflation-adjusted earnings of women without a high school diploma changed little between 1979 and 2019 (a 1-percent decrease). By contrast, inflation-adjusted earnings for men declined by 22 percent. For those with a bachelor’s degree or higher, inflation-adjusted earnings for women have increased by 38 percent since 1979, while earnings for men have risen by 21 percent. (Data refer to workers age 25 and older.) (See chart 4 and table 19.)View Chart DataChart 4. Percentage change in inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings of women and men, by educational attainment, 1979–2019YearLess than a high school diplomaHigh school graduates, no collegeSome college or associate's degreeBachelor's degree and higherWomen-14638Men-22-17-821Note: Data relate to earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, age 25 and older.Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.Earnings by occupationWomen and men working full time in management, business, and financial operations occupations had higher median weekly earnings than workers in any other major occupational category in 2019 ($1,221 for women and $1,598 for men). Within this category, the highest earning women and men were chief executives ($2,019 and $2,509, respectively) and computer and information systems managers ($1,892 and $2,019, respectively). (See table 2.)The second-highest paying occupational category for women and men was professional and related occupations ($1,085 for women and $1,493 for men). This is a broad occupational category made up of several distinct job groupings for specialized fields such as computer science and math, architecture and engineering, law, education, and healthcare. Within this diverse category, women who were veterinarians ($1,985), lawyers ($1,878), and physicians and surgeons ($1,878) had the highest median weekly earnings in 2019. For men, those who were physicians and surgeons ($2,500), pharmacists ($2,245), and lawyers ($2,202) earned the most. (See table 2.)Women and men employed in service occupations earned the least in 2019 ($537 for women and $659 for men). Within this category, women who were employed as hostesses at restaurants, lounges, and coffee shops ($441) and food preparation workers ($463) had the lowest median weekly earnings. For men, those who were employed as combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food ($457) and dishwashers ($464) earned the least.Occupational distributions of women and menThe occupational distributions of female and male full-time workers differ considerably. Compared with men, relatively few women work in construction, production, or transportation occupations, and women are far more concentrated in office and administrative support jobs. (See chart 5 and table 2.)View Chart DataChart 5. Distribution of full-time wage and salary employment for women and men, by major occupational group, 2019 annual averagesOccupationWomenMenManagement, business, and financial operations occupations18.217.1Professional and related occupations31.020.2Service occupations16.512.1Sales and related occupations8.48.5Office and administrative support occupations18.66.4Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations1.017.1Production, transportation, and material moving occupations6.318.5Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.Women also are more likely than men to work in professional and related occupations. In 2019, 31 percent of women worked in professional and related occupations, compared with 20 percent of men. Within the professional category, though, the proportion of women employed in the higher paying jobs is much smaller than the proportion of men employed in them. In 2019, 11 percent of women in professional and related occupations were employed in the relatively high-paying computer (median weekly earnings of $1,353 for women and $1,658 for men) and engineering ($1,339 for women and $1,589 for men) occupations, compared with 47 percent of men. Women were over twice as likely to work in education ($987 for women and $1,265 for men) and healthcare ($1,130 for women and $1,422 for men) jobs, which generally pay less than computer and engineering jobs. Sixty-seven percent of women in professional occupations worked in education and healthcare jobs in 2019, compared with 29 percent of men. (See table 2.)Across all occupational categories, the three most common jobs for women were registered nurse ($1,217), elementary and middle school teacher ($1,042), and secretary or administrative assistant ($763). Collectively, these occupations employed 6.8 million women in 2019, representing 13 percent of women in full-time wage and salary jobs.Among men, the most common job by far was truck driver (driver/sales workers and truck drivers, $861). In 2019, 2.6 million, or 4 percent, of all male full-wage and salary workers were truck drivers. Although engineering jobs are shown separately by specialty (civil, mechanical, etc.) in this report, if combined, engineer would be the second most common job for men. In 2019, a total of 1.9 million men were employed full time in the 16 designated engineering specialties (median weekly earnings ranging from $1,616 to $2,018). (See table 2.)Earnings for workers with and without children under 18In 2019, about one-third of full-time wage and salary workers were parents of children under age 18. (As defined here, “children” include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children under age 18 who live in the household.) Median weekly earnings for mothers of children under age 18 ($842) were higher than the earnings for women without children under 18 ($812). Earnings for fathers of children under 18, at $1,140, were higher than the earnings of $951 for men without children under 18. (See table 7.)Earnings by state of residenceMedian weekly earnings and women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios vary by state of residence. (In this report, “state” refers to the 50 states and the District of Columbia.) The differences among the states reflect, in part, variation in the occupations and industries found in each state and differences in the demographic composition of each state’s labor force. Readers should note that sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national estimates. (See the technical notes section for an explanation of sampling error.) Consequently, earnings comparisons between states should be made with caution. Readers also should note that the state estimates are based on workers’ state of residence; their reported earnings are not necessarily from a job located in the same state. (See table 3.)Weekly work hours of full-time workersAs mentioned earlier, among full-time workers, those usually working at a job 35 hours or more per week, men are more likely than women to work more than 40 hours per week. In 2019, 25 percent of men who usually work full time worked 41 or more hours per week, compared with 14 percent of women. Women were more likely than men to work 35 to 39 hours per week: 10 percent of women worked such hours in 2019, while 4 percent of men did. A majority of both male (71 percent) and female (75 percent) full-time workers had a 40-hour workweek. Among these workers, women earned 87 percent as much as men. (This analysis excludes people who usually work 35 or more hours per week but whose hours vary.) (See table 5.)Earnings of part-time workersWomen are more likely than men to work part time—that is, less than 35 hours per week on a sole or main job. Women who worked part time made up 23 percent of all female wage and salary workers in 2019. In comparison, 11 percent of men in wage and salary jobs worked part time. (See tables 4 and 5.)Median weekly earnings for female part-timers were $284 in 2019, slightly higher than the $269 median for men. (See table 4.)Part-time workers are more likely to be under age 25 than full-time workers. Among part-timers, 29 percent of women and 43 percent of men were under age 25 in 2019. Among full-time workers, 9 percent of women and 9 percent of men were under age 25 (See tables 1 and 4.)Earnings of workers paid by the hourIn 2019, 61 percent of women and 56 percent of men in wage and salary jobs were paid by the hour. Women who were paid hourly rates had median hourly earnings of $14.85 in 2019, which were 89 percent of the $16.76 median for men. (See tables 8 and 11.)Among workers who were paid hourly rates in 2019, 3 percent of women and 1 percent of men had hourly earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage of $7.25. (See tables 10 and 11.) See the technical notes section for information about BLS estimates of the number of minimum wage workers.		
	
	 
	 Statistical Tables
        
                                                                                                                                                                                                                


Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics, 2019 annual averages
Characteristic
Total
Women
Men
Women'searningsas apercentageof men'sNumberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianweeklyearnings
Standarderrorofmedian
Numberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianweeklyearnings
Standarderrorofmedian
Numberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianweeklyearnings
StandarderrorofmedianAgeTotal, 16 years and older
117,584
$917
$2
52,577
$821
$3
65,007
$1,007
$3
81.516 to 24 years
10,766
581
3
4,830
540
5
5,936
607
3
89.016 to 19 years
1,439
481
5
601
427
10
838
506
7
84.420 to 24 years
9,327
598
3
4,229
563
5
5,098
623
5
90.425 years and older
106,818
969
2
47,747
865
3
59,070
1,070
4
80.825 to 34 years
29,576
846
4
13,094
788
5
16,482
897
5
87.835 to 44 years
26,783
1,035
6
11,677
920
6
15,105
1,149
7
80.145 to 54 years
25,390
1,033
6
11,630
904
6
13,760
1,169
8
77.355 to 64 years
20,065
1,017
6
9,188
880
7
10,878
1,166
9
75.565 years and older
5,004
936
11
2,158
815
16
2,846
1,066
28
76.5Race and Hispanic orLatino EthnicityWhite
90,194
945
3
39,084
840
3
51,110
1,036
4
81.1Black or African American
15,460
735
4
8,081
704
5
7,378
769
6
91.5Asian
7,898
1,174
14
3,563
1,025
24
4,334
1,336
20
76.7Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
21,227
706
3
8,616
642
5
12,611
747
5
85.9Marital StatusNever married
36,480
740
3
16,179
702
4
20,301
774
4
90.7Married, spouse present(1)
62,704
1,056
4
25,942
917
4
36,762
1,170
5
78.4Widowed, divorced, or separated(2)
18,400
879
6
10,456
803
6
7,944
985
8
81.5Widowed
1,943
824
17
1,427
785
16
516
985
36
79.7Divorced
12,125
929
7
6,815
846
9
5,310
1,033
12
81.9Separated(2)
4,332
767
10
2,214
696
10
2,118
848
15
82.1Union Affiliation(3)Members of unions(4)
13,224
1,095
7
5,711
1,018
9
7,513
1,147
8
88.8Represented by unions(5)
14,822
1,082
7
6,495
1,004
8
8,326
1,139
8
88.1Not represented by a union
102,762
892
2
46,082
792
3
56,680
986
4
80.3Educational AttainmentTotal, 25 years and older
106,818
969
2
47,747
865
3
59,070
1,070
4
80.8Less than a high school diploma
7,011
592
3
2,262
494
3
4,749
644
5
76.7High school graduates, no college
26,756
746
3
10,328
633
4
16,428
844
6
75.0Some college or associate degree
27,279
856
4
12,631
737
4
14,648
991
5
74.4Bachelor's degree and higher
45,772
1,367
5
22,526
1,195
7
23,246
1,573
8
76.0Footnotes(1) Refers to people in opposite-sex married couples only.(2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent.(3) Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, industry, and geographic region.(4) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.(5) Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Occupation
Total
Women
Men
Women'searningsas apercentageof men'sNumber of workers
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of medianTotal, full-time wage and salary workers
117,584
$917
$2
52,577
$821
$3
65,007
$1,007
$3
81.5Management, professional, and related occupations
50,119
1,309
7
25,859
1,135
4
24,260
1,539
7
73.7Management, business, and financial operations occupations
20,696
1,415
8
9,585
1,221
10
11,111
1,598
16
76.4Management occupations
13,948
1,478
11
5,946
1,266
14
8,002
1,659
17
76.3Chief executives
1,113
2,380
71
302
2,019
113
812
2,509
53
80.5General and operations managers
990
1,384
43
312
1,153
25
678
1,476
30
78.1Legislators
14
-
-
5
-
-
9
-
-
-Advertising and promotions managers
45
-
-
27
-
-
19
-
-
-Marketing and sales managers
1,109
1,600
57
518
1,393
67
591
1,895
21
73.5Public relations and fundraising managers
72
1,416
407
50
1,399
96
22
-
-
-Administrative services managers
154
1,235
35
61
1,084
190
93
1,277
66
84.9Computer and information systems managers
629
1,984
57
190
1,892
47
439
2,019
89
93.7Financial managers
1,142
1,447
37
619
1,207
49
523
1,897
17
63.6Compensation and benefits managers
23
-
-
15
-
-
7
-
-
-Human resources managers
299
1,592
68
230
1,538
83
69
1,829
250
84.1Training and development managers
44
-
-
25
-
-
19
-
-
-Industrial production managers
270
1,472
44
62
1,497
216
208
1,469
44
101.9Purchasing managers
214
1,539
120
84
1,390
77
129
1,657
47
83.9Transportation, storage, and distribution managers
261
1,160
31
49
-
-
213
1,238
44
-Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers
114
987
114
20
-
-
94
1,162
126
-Construction managers
610
1,468
43
71
1,210
106
539
1,511
39
80.1Education administrators
811
1,371
34
536
1,335
42
276
1,467
65
91.0Architectural and engineering managers
148
2,471
94
20
-
-
128
2,457
107
-Food service managers
785
863
29
365
719
29
420
964
25
74.6Funeral service managers
3
-
-
1
-
-
2
-
-
-Gaming managers
18
-
-
9
-
-
10
-
-
-Lodging managers
116
975
44
55
894
37
61
1,096
47
81.6Medical and health services managers
578
1,478
51
409
1,362
66
169
1,828
174
74.5Natural sciences managers
12
-
-
3
-
-
9
-
-
-Postmasters and mail superintendents
28
-
-
14
-
-
13
-
-
-Property, real estate, and community association managers
438
954
29
224
849
22
214
1,168
92
72.7Social and community service managers
403
1,243
34
260
1,156
29
143
1,452
73
79.6Emergency management directors
9
-
-
3
-
-
6
-
-
-Managers, all other
3,497
1,533
18
1,409
1,317
44
2,088
1,725
37
76.3Business and financial operations occupations
6,748
1,285
16
3,639
1,148
10
3,109
1,468
16
78.2Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes
28
-
-
15
-
-
13
-
-
-Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products
7
-
-
1
-
-
6
-
-
-Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products
162
979
34
76
977
43
87
982
55
99.5Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products
248
1,170
34
113
1,081
73
134
1,202
34
89.9Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators
299
1,103
43
195
972
46
104
1,277
63
76.1Compliance officers
271
1,346
58
165
1,264
87
105
1,561
130
81.0Cost estimators
113
1,254
33
13
-
-
100
1,264
39
-Human resources workers
680
1,203
34
494
1,149
42
186
1,325
63
86.7Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists
46
-
-
32
-
-
14
-
-
-Training and development specialists
120
1,127
95
68
968
194
51
1,249
71
77.5Logisticians
152
1,093
48
45
-
-
107
1,149
30
-Management analysts
692
1,622
49
303
1,517
44
389
1,870
141
81.1Meeting, convention, and event planners
116
1,023
41
89
1,018
53
28
-
-
-Fundraisers
85
1,330
118
52
1,229
75
33
-
-
-Market research analysts and marketing specialists
281
1,363
37
152
1,228
143
130
1,688
168
72.7Business operations specialists, all other
248
1,283
65
148
1,193
49
100
1,540
131
77.5Accountants and auditors
1,683
1,221
25
1,013
1,141
18
670
1,419
44
80.4Appraisers and assessors of real estate
46
-
-
23
-
-
24
-
-
-Budget analysts
40
-
-
21
-
-
19
-
-
-Credit analysts
26
-
-
18
-
-
9
-
-
-Financial analysts
307
1,613
76
104
1,386
152
203
1,763
102
78.6Personal financial advisors
448
1,618
110
152
1,232
110
296
1,905
21
64.7Insurance underwriters
116
1,169
93
59
1,142
72
57
1,338
45
85.4Financial examiners
20
-
-
10
-
-
10
-
-
-Credit counselors and loan officers
366
1,235
67
193
1,020
44
173
1,542
50
66.1Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents
49
-
-
31
-
-
18
-
-
-Tax preparers
46
-
-
26
-
-
20
-
-
-Financial specialists, all other
50
1,209
42
26
-
-
24
-
-
-Professional and related occupations
29,423
1,237
5
16,274
1,085
7
13,149
1,493
11
72.7Computer and mathematical occupations
4,947
1,579
14
1,279
1,353
33
3,668
1,658
22
81.6Computer and information research scientists
20
-
-
6
-
-
13
-
-
-Computer systems analysts
623
1,461
45
255
1,289
117
368
1,580
51
81.6Information security analysts
128
1,758
52
25
-
-
103
1,875
299
-Computer programmers
425
1,586
36
82
1,463
95
343
1,613
38
90.7Software developers, applications and systems software
1,714
1,894
10
335
1,718
70
1,379
1,920
47
89.5Web developers
144
1,470
103
56
1,150
66
88
1,633
220
70.4Computer support specialists
486
1,192
32
121
1,103
52
365
1,223
42
90.2Database administrators
96
1,642
280
29
-
-
67
1,752
83
-Network and computer systems administrators
194
1,447
73
50
1,233
44
144
1,541
56
80.0Computer network architects
104
1,883
186
10
-
-
95
1,901
60
-Computer occupations, all other
721
1,277
64
179
1,148
38
542
1,365
32
84.1Actuaries
28
-
-
7
-
-
21
-
-
-Mathematicians
2
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
-Operations research analysts
153
1,512
36
67
1,188
100
86
1,753
102
67.8Statisticians
90
1,456
58
46
-
-
44
-
-
-Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations
18
-
-
8
-
-
10
-
-
-Architecture and engineering occupations
3,011
1,550
16
452
1,339
27
2,559
1,589
17
84.3Architects, except naval
152
1,572
135
38
-
-
114
1,706
81
-Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists
42
-
-
8
-
-
34
-
-
-Aerospace engineers
138
1,917
157
17
-
-
121
2,018
126
-Agricultural engineers
3
-
-
0
-
-
3
-
-
-Biomedical engineers
17
-
-
3
-
-
14
-
-
-Chemical engineers
86
1,863
107
12
-
-
74
1,878
54
-Civil engineers
421
1,616
44
61
1,353
82
360
1,657
57
81.7Computer hardware engineers
71
1,882
37
15
-
-
57
1,919
275
-Electrical and electronics engineers
266
1,781
119
25
-
-
241
1,830
84
-Environmental engineers
25
-
-
5
-
-
20
-
-
-Industrial engineers, including health and safety
227
1,589
76
58
1,487
74
169
1,616
88
92.0Marine engineers and naval architects
13
-
-
0
-
-
13
-
-
-Materials engineers
44
-
-
5
-
-
39
-
-
-Mechanical engineers
322
1,625
46
19
-
-
303
1,635
51
-Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers
8
-
-
4
-
-
4
-
-
-Nuclear engineers
8
-
-
2
-
-
6
-
-
-Petroleum engineers
24
-
-
2
-
-
22
-
-
-Engineers, all other
529
1,636
37
74
1,446
51
455
1,663
39
87.0Drafters
104
1,045
35
22
-
-
82
1,047
34
-Engineering technicians, except drafters
462
1,161
22
79
915
35
382
1,200
24
76.2Surveying and mapping technicians
50
1,060
49
4
-
-
46
-
-
-Life, physical, and social science occupations
1,233
1,334
27
556
1,237
28
676
1,447
42
85.5Agricultural and food scientists
36
-
-
13
-
-
23
-
-
-Biological scientists
101
1,250
49
44
-
-
57
1,266
49
-Conservation scientists and foresters
20
-
-
8
-
-
11
-
-
-Medical scientists
146
1,188
60
70
1,175
71
77
1,214
605
96.8Life scientists, all other
3
-
-
1
-
-
2
-
-
-Astronomers and physicists
15
-
-
4
-
-
10
-
-
-Atmospheric and space scientists
13
-
-
5
-
-
9
-
-
-Chemists and materials scientists
85
1,582
151
36
-
-
49
-
-
-Environmental scientists and geoscientists
101
1,486
49
36
-
-
65
1,519
77
-Physical scientists, all other
278
1,669
135
120
1,385
76
158
1,901
23
72.9Economists
35
-
-
9
-
-
26
-
-
-Survey researchers
0
-
-
0
-
-
0
-
-
-Psychologists
114
1,468
182
93
1,441
62
22
-
-
-Sociologists
2
-
-
2
-
-
0
-
-
-Urban and regional planners
22
-
-
8
-
-
14
-
-
-Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers
32
-
-
12
-
-
20
-
-
-Agricultural and food science technicians
20
-
-
4
-
-
16
-
-
-Biological technicians
20
-
-
12
-
-
8
-
-
-Chemical technicians
61
893
33
20
-
-
41
-
-
-Geological and petroleum technicians
18
-
-
6
-
-
12
-
-
-Nuclear technicians
3
-
-
1
-
-
2
-
-
-Social science research assistants
1
-
-
1
-
-
0
-
-
-Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians
108
907
28
51
896
29
57
928
75
96.6Community and social service occupations
2,240
968
11
1,498
941
12
742
1,064
42
88.4Counselors
720
987
22
541
1,003
24
179
944
37
106.2Social workers
739
964
20
603
944
20
136
1,108
55
85.2Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists
94
1,067
93
45
-
-
50
1,050
72
-Social and human service assistants
207
805
47
166
778
47
41
-
-
-Miscellaneous community and social service specialists, including health educators and community health workers
66
920
21
46
-
-
20
-
-
-Clergy
332
1,066
77
57
862
62
275
1,155
38
74.6Directors, religious activities and education
48
-
-
19
-
-
29
-
-
-Religious workers, all other
34
-
-
21
-
-
13
-
-
-Legal occupations
1,478
1,562
33
808
1,266
28
670
1,999
103
63.3Lawyers
884
2,043
76
336
1,878
40
548
2,202
149
85.3Judicial law clerks
12
-
-
7
-
-
5
-
-
-Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers
61
1,794
140
34
-
-
27
-
-
-Paralegals and legal assistants
364
963
32
323
970
37
41
-
-
-Miscellaneous legal support workers
157
1,124
48
109
1,009
161
49
-
-
-Education, training, and library occupations
7,238
1,057
8
5,247
987
9
1,991
1,265
21
78.0Postsecondary teachers
986
1,512
40
442
1,358
34
544
1,670
60
81.3Preschool and kindergarten teachers
496
701
35
489
705
33
7
-
-
-Elementary and middle school teachers
3,162
1,067
11
2,522
1,042
12
640
1,161
21
89.8Secondary school teachers
882
1,161
16
474
1,095
33
408
1,262
21
86.8Special education teachers
295
1,108
61
253
1,104
85
42
-
-
-Other teachers and instructors
455
1,054
29
263
942
37
192
1,190
61
79.2Archivists, curators, and museum technicians
34
-
-
19
-
-
15
-
-
-Librarians
138
1,095
133
111
1,093
135
27
-
-
-Library technicians
9
-
-
7
-
-
2
-
-
-Teacher assistants
637
590
15
565
579
15
72
707
63
81.9Other education, training, and library workers
143
1,143
40
102
1,058
31
41
-
-
-Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
1,762
1,151
13
806
1,077
29
956
1,231
31
87.5Artists and related workers
83
1,155
32
35
-
-
48
-
-
-Designers
661
1,126
28
324
1,052
31
337
1,214
79
86.7Actors
13
-
-
6
-
-
7
-
-
-Producers and directors
109
1,483
107
50
1,156
69
59
1,652
64
70.0Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers
157
1,051
26
35
-
-
122
1,134
168
-Dancers and choreographers
13
-
-
10
-
-
3
-
-
-Musicians, singers, and related workers
36
-
-
10
-
-
26
-
-
-Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other
15
-
-
4
-
-
12
-
-
-Announcers
20
-
-
9
-
-
12
-
-
-News analysts, reporters and correspondents
77
1,301
165
37
-
-
40
-
-
-Public relations specialists
119
1,410
118
78
1,255
39
41
-
-
-Editors
98
1,163
35
66
1,135
41
32
-
-
-Technical writers
54
1,434
33
28
-
-
26
-
-
-Writers and authors
88
1,159
35
48
-
-
41
-
-
-Miscellaneous media and communication workers
56
794
34
34
-
-
22
-
-
-Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators
90
1,158
69
11
-
-
79
1,189
63
-Photographers
45
-
-
16
-
-
29
-
-
-Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors
27
-
-
7
-
-
20
-
-
-Media and communication equipment workers, all other
0
-
-
0
-
-
0
-
-
-Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
7,514
1,180
9
5,627
1,130
9
1,887
1,422
30
79.5Chiropractors
19
-
-
6
-
-
12
-
-
-Dentists
71
2,302
70
28
-
-
43
-
-
-Dietitians and nutritionists
94
1,019
68
85
948
72
10
-
-
-Optometrists
27
-
-
15
-
-
12
-
-
-Pharmacists
255
2,013
109
155
1,877
132
100
2,245
165
83.6Physicians and surgeons
857
2,292
47
349
1,878
79
507
2,500
206
75.1Physician assistants
109
1,831
42
77
1,763
28
31
-
-
-Podiatrists
4
-
-
1
-
-
3
-
-
-Audiologists
11
-
-
10
-
-
2
-
-
-Occupational therapists
92
1,447
32
79
1,441
47
13
-
-
-Physical therapists
211
1,431
27
130
1,323
61
81
1,610
86
82.2Radiation therapists
9
-
-
5
-
-
4
-
-
-Recreational therapists
9
-
-
8
-
-
1
-
-
-Respiratory therapists
93
1,213
49
59
1,073
88
34
-
-
-Speech-language pathologists
131
1,193
40
124
1,171
42
7
-
-
-Exercise physiologists
2
-
-
2
-
-
0
-
-
-Therapists, all other
162
935
35
131
919
27
31
-
-
-Veterinarians
72
1,773
290
55
1,985
326
17
-
-
-Registered nurses
2,640
1,223
13
2,321
1,217
14
320
1,256
34
96.9Nurse anesthetists
22
-
-
12
-
-
10
-
-
-Nurse midwives
6
-
-
6
-
-
0
-
-
-Nurse practitioners
187
1,760
33
163
1,753
33
23
-
-
-Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other
12
-
-
7
-
-
5
-
-
-Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians
281
979
32
215
952
28
66
1,117
130
85.2Dental hygienists
104
1,094
69
99
1,066
44
5
-
-
-Diagnostic related technologists and technicians
320
1,126
35
213
1,076
71
107
1,166
35
92.3Emergency medical technicians and paramedics
179
912
40
54
786
35
125
991
63
79.3Health practitioner support technologists and technicians
570
735
16
444
712
16
126
843
62
84.5Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses
533
806
19
481
799
18
53
896
33
89.2Medical records and health information technicians
152
829
68
138
799
41
15
-
-
-Opticians, dispensing
34
-
-
26
-
-
9
-
-
-Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians
130
880
26
84
799
67
46
-
-
-Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
117
1,252
60
48
-
-
69
1,261
80
-Service occupations
16,558
592
2
8,660
537
4
7,898
659
5
81.5Healthcare support occupations
2,700
591
4
2,337
585
4
363
639
23
91.5Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides
1,471
562
7
1,287
556
7
184
588
14
94.6Occupational therapy assistants and aides
23
-
-
19
-
-
4
-
-
-Physical therapist assistants and aides
72
955
103
43
-
-
29
-
-
-Massage therapists
57
582
33
42
-
-
15
-
-
-Dental assistants
199
615
17
193
613
16
6
-
-
-Medical assistants
521
635
12
481
635
12
40
-
-
-Medical transcriptionists
28
-
-
23
-
-
5
-
-
-Pharmacy aides
41
-
-
27
-
-
14
-
-
-Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers
39
-
-
31
-
-
7
-
-
-Phlebotomists
98
623
24
88
612
26
9
-
-
-Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations, including medical equipment preparers
151
617
21
103
571
26
47
-
-
-Protective service occupations
2,725
900
13
553
731
21
2,172
953
19
76.7First-line supervisors of correctional officers
41
-
-
12
-
-
29
-
-
-First-line supervisors of police and detectives
80
1,438
45
9
-
-
71
1,449
42
-First-line supervisors of fire fighting and prevention workers
40
-
-
4
-
-
36
-
-
-First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other
66
659
31
17
-
-
50
698
182
-Firefighters
292
1,207
91
6
-
-
287
1,203
91
-Fire inspectors
16
-
-
2
-
-
15
-
-
-Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers
365
776
31
114
664
41
251
890
68
74.6Detectives and criminal investigators
151
1,428
75
32
-
-
119
1,472
63
-Fish and game wardens
2
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
-Parking enforcement workers
2
-
-
1
-
-
2
-
-
-Police and sheriff's patrol officers
686
1,111
39
127
922
88
559
1,143
36
80.7Transit and railroad police
4
-
-
0
-
-
4
-
-
-Animal control workers
7
-
-
1
-
-
6
-
-
-Private detectives and investigators
78
973
100
41
-
-
38
-
-
-Security guards and gaming surveillance officers
790
650
13
159
589
17
631
671
15
87.8Crossing guards
21
-
-
6
-
-
15
-
-
-Transportation security screeners
41
-
-
9
-
-
32
-
-
-Lifeguards and other recreational, and all other protective service workers
41
-
-
13
-
-
28
-
-
-Food preparation and serving related occupations
4,689
522
3
2,337
492
4
2,352
576
6
85.4Chefs and head cooks
406
698
21
72
553
38
334
727
29
76.1First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers
426
584
16
242
545
16
184
657
27
83.0Cooks
1,362
512
5
531
489
6
831
535
10
91.4Food preparation workers
574
496
8
328
463
10
246
532
15
87.0Bartenders
293
610
16
134
578
24
159
655
36
88.2Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food
191
462
18
126
467
26
65
457
23
102.2Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop
48
-
-
22
-
-
26
-
-
-Waiters and waitresses
973
511
7
681
491
8
292
594
21
82.7Food servers, nonrestaurant
89
515
13
60
501
14
29
-
-
-Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers
116
554
27
50
513
48
66
605
32
84.8Dishwashers
126
453
18
24
-
-
102
464
19
-Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop
81
456
41
64
441
35
17
-
-
-Food preparation and serving related workers, all other
4
-
-
2
-
-
2
-
-
-Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
3,679
580
4
1,386
502
5
2,293
618
5
81.2First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers
215
710
27
80
639
26
134
758
28
84.3First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers
121
797
34
11
-
-
110
800
32
-Janitors and building cleaners
1,563
582
6
494
510
8
1,068
610
7
83.6Maids and housekeeping cleaners
895
490
6
769
484
7
126
520
15
93.1Pest control workers
73
731
38
2
-
-
71
741
38
-Grounds maintenance workers
813
606
7
29
-
-
784
607
8
-Personal care and service occupations
2,764
565
8
2,047
531
9
718
624
12
85.1First-line supervisors of gaming workers
117
821
81
54
791
91
63
853
154
92.7First-line supervisors of personal service workers
75
778
62
43
-
-
32
-
-
-Animal trainers
25
-
-
9
-
-
17
-
-
-Nonfarm animal caretakers
105
515
19
79
489
21
25
-
-
-Gaming services workers
60
635
51
28
-
-
32
-
-
-Motion picture projectionists
0
-
-
0
-
-
0
-
-
-Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers
10
-
-
6
-
-
4
-
-
-Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers
77
583
16
24
-
-
54
557
35
-Embalmers and funeral attendants
6
-
-
2
-
-
4
-
-
-Morticians, undertakers, and funeral directors
20
-
-
8
-
-
12
-
-
-Barbers
62
662
258
12
-
-
50
789
35
-Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists
310
570
17
286
569
18
24
-
-
-Miscellaneous personal appearance workers
227
571
27
193
554
26
33
-
-
-Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges
69
663
51
15
-
-
54
672
55
-Tour and travel guides
28
-
-
11
-
-
17
-
-
-Childcare workers
473
495
9
433
491
9
40
-
-
-Personal care aides
815
516
7
685
509
7
130
581
18
87.6Recreation and fitness workers
191
607
16
102
580
20
88
656
50
88.4Residential advisors
21
-
-
13
-
-
8
-
-
-Personal care and service workers, all other
74
611
27
44
-
-
30
-
-
-Sales and office occupations
23,883
758
3
14,188
713
3
9,695
874
8
81.6Sales and related occupations
9,929
830
8
4,404
677
9
5,525
982
13
68.9First-line supervisors of retail sales workers
2,316
817
13
1,070
708
13
1,246
955
22
74.1First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers
857
1,162
16
261
1,173
100
596
1,157
21
101.4Cashiers
1,398
503
6
959
499
6
438
510
10
97.8Counter and rental clerks
67
686
30
23
-
-
44
-
-
-Parts salespersons
122
777
34
15
-
-
107
768
37
-Retail salespersons
1,856
692
17
762
578
12
1,094
806
23
71.7Advertising sales agents
169
1,050
68
81
874
84
88
1,143
42
76.5Insurance sales agents
461
927
34
247
806
43
214
1,034
78
77.9Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents
192
1,302
112
63
1,063
67
129
1,386
94
76.7Travel agents
52
745
68
44
-
-
8
-
-
-Sales representatives, services, all other
477
1,211
75
137
973
84
340
1,332
59
73.0Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing
1,107
1,206
34
294
1,067
77
813
1,262
25
84.5Models, demonstrators, and product promoters
15
-
-
12
-
-
3
-
-
-Real estate brokers and sales agents
543
1,019
44
321
883
36
222
1,344
29
65.7Sales engineers
32
-
-
3
-
-
29
-
-
-Telemarketers
42
-
-
24
-
-
18
-
-
-Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers
31
-
-
16
-
-
14
-
-
-Sales and related workers, all other
194
935
39
71
848
35
123
966
35
87.8Office and administrative support occupations
13,954
732
3
9,784
721
3
4,170
771
8
93.5First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers
1,215
866
16
809
816
13
406
971
27
84.0Switchboard operators, including answering service
20
-
-
16
-
-
5
-
-
-Telephone operators
34
-
-
28
-
-
6
-
-
-Communications equipment operators, all other
8
-
-
4
-
-
4
-
-
-Bill and account collectors
113
701
37
91
672
23
22
-
-
-Billing and posting clerks
389
742
18
344
736
16
45
-
-
-Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks
657
764
12
573
764
11
84
784
170
97.4Gaming cage workers
10
-
-
8
-
-
2
-
-
-Payroll and timekeeping clerks
127
766
24
110
756
22
17
-
-
-Procurement clerks
29
-
-
21
-
-
9
-
-
-Tellers
241
575
12
207
571
12
35
-
-
-Financial clerks, all other
119
890
36
71
797
144
48
-
-
-Brokerage clerks
3
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
-Correspondence clerks
6
-
-
4
-
-
2
-
-
-Court, municipal, and license clerks
83
748
37
66
759
46
17
-
-
-Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks
39
-
-
30
-
-
10
-
-
-Customer service representatives
1,977
693
9
1,259
673
10
717
736
18
91.4Eligibility interviewers, government programs
68
763
29
52
756
33
16
-
-
-File clerks
137
672
28
110
667
24
27
-
-
-Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks
90
519
18
65
490
17
24
-
-
-Interviewers, except eligibility and loan
93
740
17
82
734
16
10
-
-
-Library assistants, clerical
34
-
-
29
-
-
5
-
-
-Loan interviewers and clerks
118
825
53
88
802
41
30
-
-
-New accounts clerks
25
-
-
17
-
-
8
-
-
-Order clerks
72
783
131
32
-
-
40
-
-
-Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping
51
702
31
41
-
-
10
-
-
-Receptionists and information clerks
909
642
9
809
636
9
100
735
35
86.5Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks
103
813
164
56
789
173
46
-
-
-Information and record clerks, all other
88
735
36
64
691
23
24
-
-
-Cargo and freight agents
19
-
-
8
-
-
11
-
-
-Couriers and messengers
260
769
26
40
-
-
221
789
34
-Dispatchers
240
806
27
131
763
30
108
854
62
89.3Meter readers, utilities
13
-
-
1
-
-
12
-
-
-Postal service clerks
73
907
50
43
-
-
30
-
-
-Postal service mail carriers
296
951
31
111
893
25
185
994
45
89.8Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators
67
1,145
54
30
-
-
37
-
-
-Production, planning, and expediting clerks
268
939
31
154
872
33
114
1,039
40
83.9Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks
507
679
10
175
662
24
332
686
12
96.5Stock clerks and order fillers
1,016
599
8
380
605
12
636
596
10
101.5Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping
53
716
41
27
-
-
26
-
-
-Secretaries and administrative assistants
2,069
765
7
1,932
763
7
137
795
28
96.0Computer operators
68
960
57
28
-
-
41
-
-
-Data entry keyers
203
675
22
153
656
18
50
738
157
88.9Word processors and typists
36
-
-
30
-
-
6
-
-
-Desktop publishers
0
-
-
0
-
-
0
-
-
-Insurance claims and policy processing clerks
251
746
19
204
739
19
47
-
-
-Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service
48
-
-
22
-
-
26
-
-
-Office clerks, general
997
685
10
809
677
11
188
718
23
94.3Office machine operators, except computer
30
-
-
17
-
-
13
-
-
-Proofreaders and copy markers
5
-
-
4
-
-
1
-
-
-Statistical assistants
58
1,480
265
25
-
-
33
-
-
-Office and administrative support workers, all other
522
866
24
375
820
19
147
950
23
86.3Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
11,671
869
7
537
614
13
11,134
881
5
69.7Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
900
574
7
210
513
8
690
593
7
86.5First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers
40
-
-
3
-
-
37
-
-
-Agricultural inspectors
16
-
-
8
-
-
7
-
-
-Animal breeders
2
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
-Graders and sorters, agricultural products
78
564
25
50
549
27
29
-
-
-Miscellaneous agricultural workers
691
558
8
148
502
8
544
581
7
86.4Fishers and related fishing workers
14
-
-
0
-
-
14
-
-
-Hunters and trappers
0
-
-
0
-
-
0
-
-
-Forest and conservation workers
14
-
-
1
-
-
13
-
-
-Logging workers
44
-
-
0
-
-
44
-
-
-Construction and extraction occupations
6,467
866
10
187
711
24
6,280
873
9
81.4First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers
586
1,162
19
15
-
-
571
1,167
20
-Boilermakers
26
-
-
0
-
-
26
-
-
-Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons
115
817
26
1
-
-
114
819
26
-Carpenters
873
820
14
18
-
-
855
826
17
-Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers
118
708
17
3
-
-
115
709
16
-Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers
60
975
68
0
-
-
60
975
68
-Construction laborers
1,434
723
11
41
-
-
1,393
724
12
-Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators
20
-
-
0
-
-
20
-
-
-Pile-driver operators
1
-
-
0
-
-
1
-
-
-Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators
354
930
25
5
-
-
350
927
25
-Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers
131
790
23
0
-
-
131
790
23
-Electricians
814
1,012
17
15
-
-
799
1,015
18
-Glaziers
35
-
-
3
-
-
32
-
-
-Insulation workers
56
877
218
2
-
-
54
885
58
-Painters, construction and maintenance
395
732
23
31
-
-
364
744
24
-Paperhangers
4
-
-
0
-
-
4
-
-
-Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters
561
921
28
15
-
-
546
918
27
-Plasterers and stucco masons
15
-
-
1
-
-
15
-
-
-Reinforcing iron and rebar workers
3
-
-
0
-
-
3
-
-
-Roofers
156
687
22
2
-
-
154
690
22
-Sheet metal workers
124
894
32
6
-
-
117
900
31
-Structural iron and steel workers
71
1,057
127
0
-
-
71
1,057
127
-Solar photovoltaic installers
16
-
-
1
-
-
15
-
-
-Helpers, construction trades
51
612
33
2
-
-
48
-
-
-Construction and building inspectors
77
1,134
82
7
-
-
70
1,134
78
-Elevator installers and repairers
19
-
-
1
-
-
18
-
-
-Fence erectors
26
-
-
0
-
-
26
-
-
-Hazardous materials removal workers
36
-
-
6
-
-
30
-
-
-Highway maintenance workers
96
799
40
5
-
-
91
806
39
-Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators
4
-
-
0
-
-
4
-
-
-Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners
6
-
-
0
-
-
6
-
-
-Miscellaneous construction and related workers
26
-
-
0
-
-
26
-
-
-Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining
24
-
-
0
-
-
24
-
-
-Earth drillers, except oil and gas
15
-
-
2
-
-
13
-
-
-Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters
8
-
-
0
-
-
8
-
-
-Mining machine operators
51
1,094
98
1
-
-
50
1,101
97
-Roof bolters, mining
1
-
-
0
-
-
1
-
-
-Roustabouts, oil and gas
7
-
-
0
-
-
7
-
-
-Helpers--extraction workers
3
-
-
0
-
-
3
-
-
-Other extraction workers
51
1,128
230
5
-
-
45
-
-
-Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
4,304
939
10
140
850
26
4,164
943
10
90.1First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers
267
1,061
37
17
-
-
250
1,082
54
-Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers
162
897
29
21
-
-
141
899
27
-Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers
124
1,063
50
7
-
-
117
1,058
49
-Avionics technicians
16
-
-
1
-
-
15
-
-
-Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers
12
-
-
0
-
-
12
-
-
-Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment
8
-
-
1
-
-
7
-
-
-Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility
22
-
-
0
-
-
22
-
-
-Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles
7
-
-
0
-
-
7
-
-
-Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers
25
-
-
0
-
-
25
-
-
-Security and fire alarm systems installers
55
869
41
1
-
-
54
875
68
-Aircraft mechanics and service technicians
155
1,245
37
7
-
-
148
1,265
40
-Automotive body and related repairers
94
885
37
0
-
-
94
885
37
-Automotive glass installers and repairers
15
-
-
0
-
-
15
-
-
-Automotive service technicians and mechanics
705
811
17
12
-
-
693
811
17
-Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists
315
984
23
3
-
-
312
983
22
-Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics
212
1,008
44
0
-
-
212
1,008
44
-Small engine mechanics
24
-
-
0
-
-
24
-
-
-Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers
58
627
52
0
-
-
58
628
54
-Control and valve installers and repairers
22
-
-
1
-
-
21
-
-
-Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers
416
944
30
6
-
-
409
947
29
-Home appliance repairers
32
-
-
1
-
-
31
-
-
-Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics
392
1,018
28
10
-
-
382
1,028
30
-Maintenance and repair workers, general
534
882
18
20
-
-
514
883
19
-Maintenance workers, machinery
21
-
-
0
-
-
21
-
-
-Millwrights
51
1,180
99
3
-
-
48
-
-
-Electrical power-line installers and repairers
123
1,460
140
0
-
-
123
1,460
140
-Telecommunications line installers and repairers
178
901
61
10
-
-
168
884
61
-Precision instrument and equipment repairers
48
-
-
6
-
-
42
-
-
-Wind turbine service technicians
2
-
-
0
-
-
2
-
-
-Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers
20
-
-
0
-
-
19
-
-
-Commercial divers
0
-
-
0
-
-
0
-
-
-Locksmiths and safe repairers
21
-
-
1
-
-
21
-
-
-Manufactured building and mobile home installers
4
-
-
0
-
-
4
-
-
-Riggers
13
-
-
0
-
-
13
-
-
-Signal and track switch repairers
6
-
-
0
-
-
6
-
-
-Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers
17
-
-
0
-
-
17
-
-
-Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers
128
839
24
10
-
-
118
850
26
-Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
15,353
727
4
3,334
593
4
12,020
780
4
76.0Production occupations
7,741
745
5
2,073
596
5
5,668
814
6
73.2First-line supervisors of production and operating workers
806
949
23
173
721
25
633
1,031
33
69.9Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers
9
-
-
1
-
-
7
-
-
-Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers
103
644
25
51
594
22
52
712
50
83.4Engine and other machine assemblers
8
-
-
2
-
-
6
-
-
-Structural metal fabricators and fitters
24
-
-
0
-
-
24
-
-
-Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators
900
684
8
326
597
14
574
724
13
82.5Bakers
151
561
25
81
522
21
70
590
19
88.5Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers
265
648
14
67
573
18
198
671
16
85.4Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders
13
-
-
7
-
-
6
-
-
-Food batchmakers
68
615
26
42
-
-
26
-
-
-Food cooking machine operators and tenders
2
-
-
2
-
-
0
-
-
-Food processing workers, all other
144
658
27
50
573
23
94
779
42
73.6Computer control programmers and operators
103
849
29
3
-
-
100
857
28
-Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
16
-
-
2
-
-
15
-
-
-Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
9
-
-
1
-
-
8
-
-
-Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
13
-
-
3
-
-
10
-
-
-Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
67
830
31
9
-
-
58
816
77
-Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
7
-
-
0
-
-
7
-
-
-Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
40
-
-
5
-
-
35
-
-
-Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
5
-
-
0
-
-
5
-
-
-Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
5
-
-
1
-
-
4
-
-
-Machinists
357
888
22
22
-
-
335
889
23
-Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters
26
-
-
1
-
-
25
-
-
-Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic
4
-
-
1
-
-
3
-
-
-Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
37
-
-
4
-
-
32
-
-
-Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
2
-
-
0
-
-
2
-
-
-Tool and die makers
53
952
87
2
-
-
51
972
66
-Welding, soldering, and brazing workers
549
801
19
31
-
-
518
810
20
-Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
4
-
-
0
-
-
4
-
-
-Layout workers, metal and plastic
8
-
-
0
-
-
8
-
-
-Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
12
-
-
1
-
-
11
-
-
-Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners
1
-
-
0
-
-
1
-
-
-Metal workers and plastic workers, all other
385
736
38
74
592
13
312
795
17
74.5Prepress technicians and workers
27
-
-
10
-
-
17
-
-
-Printing press operators
109
814
39
22
-
-
87
886
24
-Print binding and finishing workers
15
-
-
3
-
-
12
-
-
-Laundry and dry-cleaning workers
112
490
17
74
482
16
37
-
-
-Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials
19
-
-
14
-
-
6
-
-
-Sewing machine operators
138
524
19
98
521
13
40
-
-
-Shoe and leather workers and repairers
6
-
-
1
-
-
5
-
-
-Shoe machine operators and tenders
4
-
-
3
-
-
1
-
-
-Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers
55
576
32
36
-
-
19
-
-
-Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders
0
-
-
0
-
-
0
-
-
-Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders
3
-
-
0
-
-
3
-
-
-Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders
6
-
-
4
-
-
1
-
-
-Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders
12
-
-
7
-
-
4
-
-
-Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers
0
-
-
0
-
-
0
-
-
-Fabric and apparel patternmakers
1
-
-
1
-
-
0
-
-
-Upholsterers
21
-
-
3
-
-
18
-
-
-Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other
10
-
-
3
-
-
7
-
-
-Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters
44
-
-
3
-
-
41
-
-
-Furniture finishers
14
-
-
7
-
-
7
-
-
-Model makers and patternmakers, wood
0
-
-
0
-
-
0
-
-
-Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood
28
-
-
4
-
-
24
-
-
-Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing
14
-
-
3
-
-
11
-
-
-Woodworkers, all other
10
-
-
0
-
-
10
-
-
-Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers
38
-
-
2
-
-
36
-
-
-Stationary engineers and boiler operators
51
869
197
2
-
-
50
862
65
-Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators
105
931
28
8
-
-
97
930
32
-Miscellaneous plant and system operators
46
-
-
1
-
-
44
-
-
-Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders
75
999
68
8
-
-
67
1,017
253
-Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers
79
764
34
5
-
-
74
772
35
-Cutting workers
50
762
34
8
-
-
42
-
-
-Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders
29
-
-
3
-
-
26
-
-
-Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders
17
-
-
2
-
-
16
-
-
-Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers
722
835
18
259
693
21
463
939
25
73.8Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers
24
-
-
11
-
-
14
-
-
-Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians
79
779
28
44
-
-
35
-
-
-Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders
244
575
15
128
533
14
116
646
46
82.5Painting workers
160
780
42
15
-
-
144
804
53
-Photographic process workers and processing machine operators
9
-
-
7
-
-
2
-
-
-Semiconductor processors
1
-
-
0
-
-
1
-
-
-Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders
12
-
-
2
-
-
10
-
-
-Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders
1
-
-
1
-
-
0
-
-
-Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders
3
-
-
0
-
-
3
-
-
-Etchers and engravers
6
-
-
2
-
-
4
-
-
-Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic
28
-
-
6
-
-
22
-
-
-Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders
20
-
-
2
-
-
19
-
-
-Tire builders
12
-
-
0
-
-
12
-
-
-Helpers--production workers
29
-
-
4
-
-
25
-
-
-Production workers, all other
1,056
704
13
293
566
16
763
767
14
73.8Transportation and material moving occupations
7,612
711
5
1,260
586
8
6,352
747
7
78.4Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers
184
923
35
28
-
-
156
978
34
-Aircraft pilots and flight engineers
118
1,857
521
9
-
-
109
1,670
467
-Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists
40
-
-
6
-
-
34
-
-
-Flight attendants
70
823
72
57
835
125
13
-
-
-Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians
12
-
-
6
-
-
6
-
-
-Bus drivers
364
674
19
159
625
30
205
718
36
87.0Driver/sales workers and truck drivers
2,723
843
15
159
660
31
2,564
861
14
76.7Taxi drivers and chauffeurs
406
614
13
50
520
65
356
624
21
83.3Motor vehicle operators, all other
34
-
-
5
-
-
29
-
-
-Locomotive engineers and operators
39
-
-
2
-
-
37
-
-
-Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators
3
-
-
1
-
-
2
-
-
-Railroad conductors and yardmasters
59
1,160
39
2
-
-
57
1,170
172
-Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation workers
10
-
-
2
-
-
8
-
-
-Sailors and marine oilers
20
-
-
1
-
-
19
-
-
-Ship and boat captains and operators
33
-
-
3
-
-
29
-
-
-Ship engineers
6
-
-
0
-
-
6
-
-
-Bridge and lock tenders
0
-
-
0
-
-
0
-
-
-Parking lot attendants
58
561
38
8
-
-
50
581
29
-Automotive and watercraft service attendants
67
518
23
8
-
-
59
520
25
-Transportation inspectors
42
-
-
5
-
-
37
-
-
-Transportation attendants, except flight attendants
22
-
-
12
-
-
10
-
-
-Other transportation workers
31
-
-
4
-
-
27
-
-
-Conveyor operators and tenders
1
-
-
1
-
-
0
-
-
-Crane and tower operators
63
1,070
146
4
-
-
59
1,104
165
-Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators
19
-
-
0
-
-
19
-
-
-Hoist and winch operators
9
-
-
0
-
-
9
-
-
-Industrial truck and tractor operators
541
677
13
52
625
23
489
686
13
91.1Cleaners of vehicles and equipment
254
587
20
29
-
-
225
595
19
-Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand
1,764
634
9
362
567
20
1,402
657
11
86.3Machine feeders and offbearers
21
-
-
11
-
-
10
-
-
-Packers and packagers, hand
467
530
13
265
515
9
202
576
20
89.4Pumping station operators
11
-
-
0
-
-
11
-
-
-Refuse and recyclable material collectors
78
686
74
5
-
-
72
683
72
-Mine shuttle car operators
2
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
-Tank car, truck, and ship loaders
5
-
-
0
-
-
5
-
-
-Material moving workers, all other
39
-
-
3
-
-
35
-
-
-Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by state, 2019 annual averages
State
Total
Women
Men
Women'searningsas apercentageof men'sNumberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianweeklyearnings
Standarderrorofmedian
Numberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianweeklyearnings
Standarderrorofmedian
Numberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianweeklyearnings
StandarderrorofmedianUnited States
117,584
$917
$2
52,577
$821
$3
65,007
$1,007
$3
81.5Alabama
1,773
832
18
801
726
18
972
950
25
76.4Alaska
234
985
20
108
878
22
126
1,097
39
80.0Arizona
2,458
890
12
1,070
781
19
1,388
996
21
78.4Arkansas
1,017
786
18
465
714
18
552
874
22
81.7California
13,648
971
8
5,818
911
10
7,830
1,024
13
89.0Colorado
2,149
985
15
919
913
20
1,230
1,057
33
86.4Connecticut
1,316
1,073
31
596
972
39
720
1,136
38
85.6Delaware
367
868
24
172
790
16
195
954
29
82.8District of Columbia
318
1,462
17
163
1,406
45
155
1,550
33
90.7Florida
7,476
822
8
3,497
759
9
3,979
892
12
85.1Georgia
3,872
861
16
1,777
765
16
2,095
950
23
80.5Hawaii
478
905
15
227
847
20
251
995
30
85.1Idaho
613
805
14
246
682
14
367
919
20
74.2Illinois
4,668
996
13
2,084
886
14
2,584
1,108
24
80.0Indiana
2,482
863
14
1,084
726
18
1,397
986
20
73.6Iowa
1,251
868
18
573
770
19
677
959
27
80.3Kansas
1,061
839
17
482
733
17
579
945
21
77.6Kentucky
1,486
815
18
654
724
17
831
914
22
79.2Louisiana
1,524
828
20
710
720
19
814
978
29
73.6Maine
462
865
12
210
772
17
252
980
33
78.8Maryland
2,481
1,084
23
1,180
1,017
30
1,301
1,142
28
89.1Massachusetts
2,732
1,117
20
1,256
1,012
18
1,476
1,170
20
86.5Michigan
3,471
922
11
1,540
803
18
1,931
1,010
14
79.5Minnesota
2,061
1,005
19
934
909
20
1,127
1,104
25
82.3Mississippi
947
744
12
453
669
21
493
830
26
80.6Missouri
2,206
891
19
1,028
786
18
1,178
1,008
24
78.0Montana
339
844
17
148
739
14
191
952
21
77.6Nebraska
724
879
16
332
786
22
391
940
23
83.6Nevada
1,176
844
17
515
776
15
661
920
19
84.3New Hampshire
544
999
21
238
893
19
306
1,136
31
78.6New Jersey
3,421
1,046
19
1,553
932
18
1,868
1,176
23
79.3New Mexico
664
799
20
293
717
13
371
891
21
80.5New York
6,901
983
10
3,188
895
15
3,712
1,068
19
83.8North Carolina
3,730
853
13
1,711
770
11
2,019
920
17
83.7North Dakota
292
917
14
128
783
17
164
1,051
32
74.5Ohio
4,121
925
11
1,842
825
16
2,278
1,014
17
81.4Oklahoma
1,322
806
16
582
708
16
741
926
22
76.5Oregon
1,409
930
19
591
836
27
818
1,024
40
81.6Pennsylvania
4,561
946
13
2,062
828
12
2,499
1,069
18
77.5Rhode Island
388
979
15
176
884
31
213
1,057
57
83.6South Carolina
1,853
833
16
873
733
14
979
953
25
76.9South Dakota
322
880
12
144
758
14
178
969
18
78.2Tennessee
2,519
836
15
1,139
739
14
1,380
945
28
78.2Texas
10,460
870
8
4,548
772
9
5,913
954
14
80.9Utah
1,068
905
13
404
755
12
664
1,014
19
74.5Vermont
235
940
16
111
879
18
125
1,016
34
86.5Virginia
3,275
1,021
18
1,464
928
26
1,811
1,139
25
81.5Washington
2,816
1,026
21
1,207
889
24
1,609
1,137
22
78.2West Virginia
589
797
13
262
715
19
327
875
25
81.7Wisconsin
2,107
928
18
934
832
22
1,173
1,010
24
82.4Wyoming
197
915
13
84
762
19
113
1,051
31
72.5Note: In general, the sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national estimates; thus, comparisons of state estimates should be made with caution. Data shown are based on workers' state of residence; workers' reported earnings, however, may or may not be from a job located in the same state. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by selected demographic characteristics, 2019 annual averages
Characteristic
Total
Women
Men
Women'searningsas apercentageof men'sNumberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianweeklyearnings
Standarderrorofmedian
Numberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianweeklyearnings
Standarderrorofmedian
Numberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianweeklyearnings
StandarderrorofmedianAgeTotal, 16 years and older
23,946
$279
$2
15,710
$284
$2
8,235
$269
$2
105.616 to 24 years
8,080
213
2
4,576
211
2
3,504
215
2
98.116 to 19 years
3,594
174
2
1,964
169
3
1,630
179
3
94.420 to 24 years
4,487
250
3
2,612
246
3
1,875
257
4
95.725 years and older
15,865
324
2
11,134
324
3
4,731
324
4
100.025 to 34 years
4,090
328
4
2,706
332
5
1,384
322
6
103.135 to 44 years
3,070
357
6
2,389
350
7
681
379
9
92.345 to 54 years
2,762
345
7
2,178
351
9
584
333
10
105.455 to 64 years
3,113
321
5
2,229
320
5
884
322
10
99.465 years and older
2,831
274
5
1,632
262
6
1,198
294
10
89.1Race and Hispanic orLatino EthnicityWhite
18,778
281
2
12,433
287
2
6,345
272
3
105.5Black or African American
2,735
265
4
1,693
267
4
1,042
261
6
102.3Asian
1,388
295
6
929
304
7
459
269
10
113.0Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
4,168
281
3
2,692
279
4
1,476
285
5
97.9Marital StatusNever married
11,803
239
2
6,667
240
2
5,135
239
3
100.4Married, spouse present(1)
8,970
343
4
6,650
339
5
2,319
354
8
95.8Widowed, divorced, or separated(2)
3,173
301
4
2,392
302
4
781
299
9
101.0Widowed
671
274
9
566
274
10
106
272
37
100.7Divorced
1,832
309
5
1,347
311
5
486
301
11
103.3Separated(2)
669
303
9
480
302
10
190
306
20
98.7Footnotes(1) Refers to people in opposite-sex married couples only.(2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent.Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours usually worked, 2019 annual averages
Hours of work
Total
Women
Men
Women'searningsas apercentageof men'sNumberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianweeklyearnings
Standarderrorofmedian
Numberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianweeklyearnings
Standarderrorofmedian
Numberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianweeklyearnings
StandarderrorofmedianTotal, 16 years and older
141,737
$797
$2
68,388
$695
$2
73,349
$918
$3
75.70 to 34 hours
22,039
284
2
14,509
290
2
7,530
273
3
106.20 to 4 hours
530
64
3
346
60
3
185
72
5
83.35 to 9 hours
1,273
99
2
864
100
2
409
96
4
104.210 to 14 hours
2,081
137
2
1,355
139
3
725
135
4
103.015 to 19 hours
2,608
193
2
1,713
197
2
895
186
4
105.920 to 24 hours
6,482
266
2
4,214
275
3
2,268
249
3
110.425 to 29 hours
3,186
325
3
2,104
328
5
1,082
322
5
101.930 to 34 hours
5,880
421
3
3,913
429
4
1,967
410
4
104.635 hours and over
112,575
921
2
50,582
828
3
61,993
1,010
3
82.035 to 39 hours
7,826
581
5
5,181
591
7
2,645
566
6
104.440 hours
81,990
856
3
38,077
796
3
43,913
915
3
87.041 hours and over
22,759
1,361
6
7,325
1,235
9
15,435
1,421
9
86.941 to 44 hours
1,363
1,003
18
537
914
21
827
1,067
34
85.745 to 48 hours
6,430
1,203
13
2,358
1,145
12
4,072
1,244
14
92.049 to 59 hours
10,230
1,448
8
3,175
1,354
17
7,055
1,488
13
91.060 hours and over
4,736
1,523
18
1,256
1,352
31
3,480
1,597
28
84.7Hours vary
7,123
583
9
3,297
416
7
3,826
767
15
54.2Usually less than 35 hours
1,906
222
4
1,201
216
5
706
234
8
92.3Usually 35 or more hours
5,008
799
13
1,995
596
14
3,014
940
17
63.4Note: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full-time and part-time workers. Estimates for the "hours vary" groups do not sum to totals because data are not presented for a small number of multiple jobholders whose usual number of hours on the principal job is not identifiable. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 6. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2019 annual averages [In thousands]
Characteristic
Totalemployed
Number of workers by usual weekly earningsUnder$350.00
$350.00to$499.99
$500.00to$599.99
$600.00to$749.99
$750.00to$999.99
$1,000.00to$1,199.99
$1,200.00to$1,999.99
$2,000.00ormoreAgeTotal, 16 years and older
117,584
4,039
11,927
10,262
16,699
20,813
12,834
25,589
15,42016 to 24 years
10,766
1,040
2,788
1,710
2,109
1,635
685
654
14416 to 19 years
1,439
279
525
246
207
112
34
31
520 to 24 years
9,327
760
2,263
1,464
1,903
1,523
651
623
13925 years and older
106,818
2,999
9,140
8,552
14,590
19,178
12,149
24,935
15,27625 to 34 years
29,576
938
2,997
2,952
5,055
5,865
3,570
5,777
2,42135 to 44 years
26,783
653
2,011
1,948
3,226
4,648
3,079
6,873
4,34545 to 54 years
25,390
623
2,066
1,778
3,110
4,327
2,789
6,307
4,38955 to 64 years
20,065
515
1,529
1,478
2,541
3,526
2,238
4,923
3,31565 years and older
5,004
271
536
396
657
813
473
1,054
805Women, 16 years and older
52,577
2,383
6,637
5,415
8,059
9,786
5,554
10,058
4,68516 to 24 years
4,830
597
1,396
796
894
624
277
185
6116 to 19 years
601
159
240
95
64
22
13
4
220 to 24 years
4,229
438
1,156
701
830
602
263
181
5825 years and older
47,747
1,785
5,241
4,618
7,165
9,162
5,277
9,873
4,62425 to 34 years
13,094
505
1,580
1,463
2,328
2,670
1,497
2,288
76435 to 44 years
11,677
414
1,190
1,020
1,563
2,172
1,327
2,655
1,33545 to 54 years
11,630
393
1,253
1,037
1,638
2,135
1,240
2,535
1,39955 to 64 years
9,188
340
948
889
1,305
1,786
997
1,994
92965 years and older
2,158
133
271
209
331
400
217
401
197Men, 16 years and older
65,007
1,656
5,290
4,848
8,640
11,027
7,280
15,531
10,73516 to 24 years
5,936
443
1,392
914
1,215
1,011
408
469
8416 to 19 years
838
120
285
151
142
90
21
27
320 to 24 years
5,098
322
1,107
763
1,073
922
388
442
8125 years and older
59,070
1,214
3,898
3,934
7,425
10,016
6,872
15,062
10,65225 to 34 years
16,482
433
1,418
1,489
2,727
3,195
2,073
3,489
1,65735 to 44 years
15,105
239
821
927
1,663
2,476
1,752
4,218
3,01045 to 54 years
13,760
231
813
741
1,472
2,192
1,549
3,773
2,99055 to 64 years
10,878
174
581
590
1,236
1,740
1,241
2,929
2,38665 years and older
2,846
137
265
187
326
413
256
653
608Race and Hispanic or Latino EthnicityWhite
90,194
2,851
8,471
7,458
12,432
16,181
10,060
20,465
12,277Women
39,084
1,658
4,642
3,908
5,906
7,448
4,289
7,700
3,533Men
51,110
1,193
3,829
3,550
6,526
8,733
5,771
12,765
8,745Black or African American
15,460
809
2,366
1,804
2,778
2,767
1,596
2,327
1,013Women
8,081
521
1,375
981
1,452
1,419
744
1,153
436Men
7,378
288
991
823
1,326
1,347
852
1,173
577Asian
7,898
210
558
530
779
1,166
745
2,072
1,837Women
3,563
114
305
290
390
605
330
925
603Men
4,334
96
253
240
389
561
415
1,148
1,233Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
21,227
1,048
3,411
2,847
4,034
3,793
1,887
2,948
1,260Women
8,616
596
1,746
1,304
1,533
1,430
651
968
389Men
12,611
452
1,665
1,543
2,502
2,363
1,236
1,980
871Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 7. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by marital status and presence and age of own children under 18 years old, 2019 annual averages
Characteristic
Number of workers (in thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of medianWomenTotal, all marital statuses
52,577
$821
$3With children under 18 years old
17,874
842
5With children 6 to 17, none younger
10,858
855
7With children under 6 years old
7,016
825
9With no children under 18 years old
34,703
812
3Total, married, spouse present(1)
25,942
917
4With children under 18 years old
11,781
949
7With children 6 to 17, none younger
7,008
934
9With children under 6 years old
4,773
968
10With no children under 18 years old
14,161
894
5Total, other marital statuses(2)
26,635
739
3With children under 18 years old
6,093
677
6With children 6 to 17, none younger
3,850
734
8With children under 6 years old
2,243
601
6With no children under 18 years old
20,542
759
4MenTotal, all marital statuses
65,007
1,007
3With children under 18 years old
22,208
1,140
6With children 6 to 17, none younger
12,049
1,185
11With children under 6 years old
10,160
1,081
11With no children under 18 years old
42,798
951
4Total, married, spouse present(1)
36,762
1,170
5With children under 18 years old
19,398
1,190
8With children 6 to 17, none younger
10,604
1,234
11With children under 6 years old
8,794
1,152
8With no children under 18 years old
17,364
1,155
6Total, other marital statuses(2)
28,245
822
4With children under 18 years old
2,811
835
13With children 6 to 17, none younger
1,445
924
18With children under 6 years old
1,366
764
12With no children under 18 years old
25,434
821
4Footnotes(1) Refers to people in opposite-sex married couples only.(2) Includes people who are never married; widowed; divorced; separated; and married, spouse absent.Note: Children refer to "own" children and include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Excluded are other related children such as grandchildren, nieces, nephews, and cousins, as well as unrelated children. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 8. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected characteristics, 2019 annual averages
Characteristic
Total
Women
Men
Women'searningsas apercentageof men'sNumberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianhourlyearnings
Standarderrorofmedian
Numberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianhourlyearnings
Standarderrorofmedian
Numberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianhourlyearnings
StandarderrorofmedianAgeTotal, 16 years and older
82,289
$15.35
$0.04
41,372
$14.85
$0.02
40,918
$16.76
$0.07
88.616 to 24 years
16,021
11.94
0.02
8,043
11.59
0.10
7,978
12.20
0.03
95.016 to 19 years
4,761
10.21
0.03
2,428
10.09
0.03
2,333
10.56
0.14
95.520 to 24 years
11,260
12.54
0.07
5,616
12.07
0.03
5,644
13.12
0.06
92.025 years and older
66,269
16.87
0.03
33,329
15.58
0.07
32,940
18.05
0.03
86.325 to 34 years
19,952
15.90
0.04
9,446
15.10
0.03
10,506
16.63
0.12
90.835 to 44 years
15,202
17.52
0.12
7,472
15.90
0.07
7,730
19.16
0.18
83.045 to 54 years
14,322
17.52
0.12
7,486
15.97
0.07
6,836
19.24
0.20
83.055 to 64 years
12,400
17.85
0.07
6,574
16.18
0.12
5,826
19.80
0.15
81.765 years and older
4,393
15.03
0.06
2,350
14.78
0.12
2,043
15.81
0.27
93.5Race and Hispanic orLatino EthnicityWhite
62,461
15.85
0.04
30,780
14.93
0.02
31,681
17.10
0.04
87.3Black or African American
12,063
14.66
0.10
6,571
14.00
0.06
5,492
14.98
0.04
93.5Asian
4,159
16.13
0.13
2,230
15.29
0.27
1,930
17.22
0.36
88.8Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
17,941
14.86
0.02
8,223
13.74
0.09
9,717
15.25
0.14
90.1Marital StatusNever married
33,675
13.81
0.04
16,090
12.94
0.04
17,585
14.65
0.09
88.3Married, spouse present(1)
35,619
17.82
0.04
17,325
16.12
0.05
18,294
19.39
0.13
83.1Widowed, divorced, or separated(2)
12,995
16.04
0.06
7,956
15.13
0.04
5,039
17.94
0.09
84.3Widowed
1,627
15.04
0.09
1,283
14.88
0.09
344
16.85
0.38
88.3Divorced
8,139
16.89
0.09
4,866
15.78
0.13
3,273
18.63
0.22
84.7Separated(2)
3,229
15.06
0.05
1,807
14.52
0.28
1,422
16.18
0.27
89.7Union Affiliation(3)Members of unions(4)
8,552
20.96
0.14
3,273
18.85
0.27
5,278
22.64
0.26
83.3Represented by unions(5)
9,538
20.24
0.18
3,744
18.25
0.25
5,793
22.11
0.15
82.5Not represented by a union
72,752
15.07
0.01
37,627
14.57
0.06
35,125
15.94
0.03
91.4Educational AttainmentTotal, 25 years and older
66,269
16.87
0.03
33,329
15.58
0.07
32,940
18.05
0.03
86.3Less than a high school diploma
6,524
13.84
0.05
2,576
12.04
0.04
3,947
14.98
0.04
80.4High school graduates, no college
22,693
15.79
0.06
10,105
14.16
0.05
12,588
17.60
0.12
80.5Some college or associate degree
21,287
17.05
0.05
11,339
15.78
0.07
9,948
18.93
0.10
83.4Bachelor's degree and higher
15,765
21.11
0.17
9,308
20.50
0.20
6,457
21.97
0.12
93.3Footnotes(1) Refers to people in opposite-sex married couples only.(2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent.(3) Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, industry, and geographic region.(4) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.(5) Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 9. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2019 annual averages [In thousands]
Characteristic
Totalemployed
Number of workers by hourly earningsUnder$6.00
$6.00to$7.99
$8.00to$9.99
$10.00to$11.99
$12.00to$14.99
$15.00to$19.99
$20.00ormoreAgeTotal, 16 years and older
82,289
981
1,116
5,518
10,441
16,990
21,702
25,54216 to 24 years
16,021
366
597
2,586
3,872
4,321
3,089
1,18916 to 19 years
4,761
104
335
1,330
1,410
1,043
441
9720 to 24 years
11,260
263
261
1,256
2,462
3,277
2,648
1,09225 years and older
66,269
614
519
2,931
6,569
12,669
18,613
24,35325 to 34 years
19,952
291
191
922
2,092
4,272
6,207
5,97635 to 44 years
15,202
131
95
602
1,349
2,744
4,113
6,16845 to 54 years
14,322
96
90
589
1,348
2,525
3,937
5,73755 to 64 years
12,400
71
82
468
1,093
2,210
3,329
5,14865 years and older
4,393
25
60
351
688
918
1,026
1,324Women, 16 years and older
41,372
669
693
3,364
6,115
9,438
10,505
10,58816 to 24 years
8,043
267
346
1,474
2,053
2,174
1,288
44116 to 19 years
2,428
66
188
728
732
525
163
2620 to 24 years
5,616
201
158
747
1,321
1,649
1,125
41525 years and older
33,329
402
348
1,889
4,062
7,263
9,217
10,14725 to 34 years
9,446
182
133
530
1,198
2,195
2,747
2,46135 to 44 years
7,472
85
59
410
867
1,590
2,041
2,42045 to 54 years
7,486
65
58
418
881
1,558
2,087
2,41855 to 64 years
6,574
53
61
335
725
1,379
1,797
2,22465 years and older
2,350
17
36
195
391
541
545
625Men, 16 years and older
40,918
312
422
2,154
4,326
7,552
11,197
14,95416 to 24 years
7,978
99
251
1,112
1,819
2,146
1,801
74816 to 19 years
2,333
38
147
602
678
518
278
7220 to 24 years
5,644
62
104
510
1,142
1,628
1,523
67725 years and older
32,940
212
172
1,042
2,507
5,406
9,396
14,20625 to 34 years
10,506
109
58
392
894
2,077
3,460
3,51535 to 44 years
7,730
46
36
191
482
1,154
2,073
3,74845 to 54 years
6,836
31
32
170
466
967
1,849
3,32055 to 64 years
5,826
18
21
133
368
830
1,533
2,92465 years and older
2,043
9
24
156
297
377
481
699Race and Hispanic orLatino EthnicityWhite
62,461
748
758
4,001
7,483
12,640
16,264
20,568Women
30,780
530
449
2,393
4,420
6,979
7,768
8,240Men
31,681
218
309
1,607
3,063
5,661
8,495
12,328Black or African American
12,063
129
266
1,072
1,988
2,692
3,399
2,517Women
6,571
76
183
690
1,137
1,512
1,742
1,231Men
5,492
54
83
382
851
1,180
1,657
1,286Asian
4,159
49
43
194
457
833
1,047
1,537Women
2,230
32
30
122
261
492
547
747Men
1,930
17
13
72
196
341
500
790Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
17,941
174
213
1,189
2,423
4,700
5,061
4,181Women
8,223
123
133
704
1,396
2,358
2,098
1,412Men
9,717
51
80
485
1,027
2,343
2,963
2,769Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 10. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, by selected demographic characteristics, 2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic
Workers paid hourly ratesTotal
Belowprevailingfederalminimumwage
At prevailingfederalminimumwage
Total at or belowprevailing federalminimum wageNumber
Percentage ofworkerspaid hourlyratesAgeTotal, 16 years and older
82,289
1,211
392
1,603
1.916 to 24 years
16,021
462
229
691
4.316 to 19 years
4,761
152
120
272
5.720 to 24 years
11,260
310
109
419
3.725 years and older
66,269
749
163
912
1.425 to 34 years
19,952
338
63
401
2.035 to 44 years
15,202
150
37
187
1.245 to 54 years
14,322
129
27
156
1.155 to 64 years
12,400
98
19
118
1.065 years and older
4,393
34
16
50
1.1Women, 16 years and older
41,372
800
268
1,067
2.616 to 24 years
8,043
320
145
465
5.816 to 19 years
2,428
84
75
159
6.520 to 24 years
5,616
236
70
306
5.525 years and older
33,329
479
123
602
1.825 to 34 years
9,446
213
48
261
2.835 to 44 years
7,472
92
27
119
1.645 to 54 years
7,486
80
18
98
1.355 to 64 years
6,574
70
16
86
1.365 years and older
2,350
25
13
37
1.6Men, 16 years and older
40,918
411
125
536
1.316 to 24 years
7,978
142
84
226
2.816 to 19 years
2,333
67
46
113
4.820 to 24 years
5,644
74
39
113
2.025 years and older
32,940
270
40
310
0.925 to 34 years
10,506
125
15
141
1.335 to 44 years
7,730
58
10
68
0.945 to 54 years
6,836
49
8
57
0.855 to 64 years
5,826
29
3
32
0.565 years and older
2,043
9
4
13
0.6Race and Hispanic or Latino EthnicityWhite
62,461
904
260
1,164
1.9Women
30,780
614
171
785
2.6Men
31,681
290
89
379
1.2Black or African American
12,063
186
101
287
2.4Women
6,571
107
76
183
2.8Men
5,492
79
26
104
1.9Asian
4,159
58
12
70
1.7Women
2,230
40
7
47
2.1Men
1,930
18
5
23
1.2Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
17,941
215
77
292
1.6Women
8,223
143
52
195
2.4Men
9,717
72
24
97
1.0Full- and Part-time Status(1)Full-time workers
62,450
618
98
717
1.1Women
28,360
383
78
460
1.6Men
34,090
236
21
256
0.8Part-time workers
19,730
592
294
886
4.5Women
12,952
417
190
607
4.7Men
6,778
175
104
279
4.1Footnotes(1) The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data do not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders.Note: See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers. Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, 1979-2019 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Year
Totalwageandsalaryworkers
Workers paid hourly ratesTotal
Percentageof totalwageandsalaryworkers
Belowprevailingfederalminimumwage(1)
At prevailingfederalminimumwage(1)
Total at or belowprevailing federalminimum wageNumber
Percentage ofworkerspaid hourlyratesTotal1979
87,529
51,721
59.1
2,916
3,997
6,912
13.41980
87,644
51,335
58.6
3,087
4,686
7,773
15.11981
88,516
51,869
58.6
3,513
4,311
7,824
15.11982
87,368
50,846
58.2
2,348
4,148
6,496
12.81983
88,290
51,820
58.7
2,077
4,261
6,338
12.21984
92,194
54,143
58.7
1,838
4,125
5,963
11.01985
94,521
55,762
59.0
1,639
3,899
5,538
9.91986
96,903
57,529
59.4
1,599
3,461
5,060
8.81987
99,303
59,552
60.0
1,468
3,229
4,698
7.91988
101,407
60,878
60.0
1,319
2,608
3,927
6.51989
103,480
62,389
60.3
1,372
1,790
3,162
5.11990
104,876
63,172
60.2
2,132
1,096
3,228
5.11991
103,723
62,627
60.4
2,377
2,906
5,283
8.41992
104,668
63,610
60.8
1,939
2,982
4,921
7.71993
106,101
64,274
60.6
1,707
2,625
4,332
6.71994
107,989
66,549
61.6
1,995
2,132
4,128
6.21995
110,038
68,354
62.1
1,699
1,956
3,656
5.31996
111,960
69,255
61.9
1,863
1,861
3,724
5.41997
114,533
70,735
61.8
2,990
1,764
4,754
6.71998
116,730
71,440
61.2
2,834
1,593
4,427
6.21999
118,963
72,306
60.8
2,194
1,146
3,340
4.62000
122,089
73,496
60.2
1,752
898
2,650
3.62001
122,229
73,392
60.0
1,518
656
2,174
3.02002
121,826
72,508
59.5
1,579
567
2,146
3.02003
122,358
72,946
59.6
1,555
545
2,100
2.92004
123,554
73,939
59.8
1,483
520
2,003
2.72005
125,889
75,609
60.1
1,403
479
1,882
2.52006
128,237
76,514
59.7
1,283
409
1,692
2.22007
129,767
75,873
58.5
1,462
267
1,729
2.32008
129,377
75,305
58.2
1,940
286
2,226
3.02009
124,490
72,611
58.3
2,592
980
3,572
4.92010
124,073
72,902
58.8
2,541
1,820
4,361
6.02011
125,187
73,926
59.1
2,152
1,677
3,829
5.22012
127,577
75,276
59.0
1,984
1,566
3,550
4.72013
129,110
75,948
58.8
1,768
1,532
3,301
4.32014
131,431
77,207
58.7
1,737
1,255
2,992
3.92015
133,743
78,232
58.5
1,691
870
2,561
3.32016
136,101
79,883
58.7
1,451
701
2,153
2.72017
137,890
80,439
58.3
1,282
542
1,824
2.32018
140,099
81,915
58.5
1,276
434
1,711
2.12019
141,737
82,289
58.1
1,211
392
1,603
1.9Women1979
38,129
23,329
61.2
2,070
2,644
4,714
20.21980
38,944
23,626
60.7
2,104
2,990
5,095
21.61981
39,672
24,294
61.2
2,394
2,778
5,172
21.31982
39,777
24,365
61.3
1,651
2,561
4,212
17.31983
40,433
24,989
61.8
1,492
2,603
4,095
16.41984
42,172
26,003
61.7
1,348
2,499
3,847
14.81985
43,506
26,869
61.8
1,198
2,356
3,554
13.21986
44,961
27,863
62.0
1,192
2,125
3,317
11.91987
46,365
29,078
62.7
1,105
1,946
3,051
10.51988
47,495
29,820
62.8
1,008
1,542
2,550
8.61989
48,691
30,702
63.1
994
1,056
2,050
6.71990
49,323
31,069
63.0
1,420
711
2,131
6.91991
49,105
30,988
63.1
1,582
1,792
3,374
10.91992
49,842
31,454
63.1
1,286
1,751
3,036
9.71993
50,626
31,937
63.1
1,133
1,534
2,667
8.41994
51,419
33,021
64.2
1,322
1,241
2,563
7.81995
52,369
33,934
64.8
1,157
1,161
2,318
6.81996
53,488
34,418
64.3
1,244
1,106
2,350
6.81997
54,708
35,214
64.4
1,843
1,092
2,935
8.31998
55,757
35,680
64.0
1,794
965
2,760
7.71999
57,050
36,233
63.5
1,426
700
2,126
5.92000
58,427
36,777
62.9
1,170
579
1,749
4.82001
58,582
36,848
62.9
1,021
409
1,430
3.92002
58,555
36,508
62.3
997
350
1,347
3.72003
59,122
37,093
62.7
1,062
332
1,394
3.82004
59,408
37,133
62.5
1,013
310
1,323
3.62005
60,423
37,957
62.8
944
290
1,234
3.32006
61,426
38,321
62.4
861
263
1,124
2.92007
62,299
38,082
61.1
1,002
181
1,183
3.12008
62,532
37,972
60.7
1,302
196
1,498
3.92009
60,951
37,426
61.4
1,603
612
2,215
5.92010
60,542
37,404
61.8
1,598
1,151
2,749
7.32011
60,502
37,469
61.9
1,366
1,029
2,395
6.42012
61,679
38,163
61.9
1,288
999
2,287
6.02013
62,316
38,404
61.6
1,148
910
2,058
5.42014
63,383
38,802
61.2
1,139
739
1,878
4.82015
64,445
39,500
61.3
1,062
540
1,602
4.12016
65,512
40,315
61.5
952
432
1,384
3.42017
66,421
40,658
61.2
829
316
1,146
2.82018
67,467
41,223
61.1
812
267
1,078
2.62019
68,388
41,372
60.5
800
268
1,067
2.6Men1979
49,400
28,392
57.5
846
1,353
2,199
7.71980
48,700
27,709
56.9
983
1,696
2,678
9.71981
48,844
27,576
56.5
1,119
1,533
2,652
9.61982
47,591
26,481
55.6
697
1,587
2,284
8.61983
47,856
26,831
56.1
585
1,658
2,243
8.41984
50,022
28,140
56.3
490
1,626
2,116
7.51985
51,015
28,893
56.6
440
1,544
1,984
6.91986
51,942
29,666
57.1
408
1,336
1,743
5.91987
52,938
30,474
57.6
364
1,283
1,647
5.41988
53,912
31,058
57.6
311
1,066
1,377
4.41989
54,789
31,687
57.8
379
733
1,112
3.51990
55,553
32,104
57.8
712
385
1,097
3.41991
54,618
31,639
57.9
795
1,114
1,909
6.01992
54,826
32,155
58.6
653
1,231
1,885
5.91993
55,475
32,337
58.3
573
1,091
1,664
5.11994
56,570
33,528
59.3
674
891
1,565
4.71995
57,669
34,420
59.7
542
796
1,338
3.91996
58,473
34,838
59.6
619
755
1,374
3.91997
59,825
35,521
59.4
1,147
673
1,820
5.11998
60,973
35,761
58.7
1,039
628
1,667
4.71999
61,914
36,073
58.3
768
446
1,214
3.42000
63,662
36,720
57.7
582
319
901
2.52001
63,647
36,544
57.4
497
247
744
2.02002
63,272
36,000
56.9
582
217
799
2.22003
63,236
35,853
56.7
493
213
706
2.02004
64,145
36,806
57.4
470
210
680
1.82005
65,466
37,652
57.5
459
189
648
1.72006
66,811
38,193
57.2
422
146
568
1.52007
67,468
37,790
56.0
460
86
546
1.42008
66,846
37,334
55.9
638
90
728
1.92009
63,539
35,185
55.4
990
368
1,358
3.92010
63,531
35,498
55.9
943
669
1,612
4.52011
64,686
36,457
56.4
785
648
1,433
3.92012
65,898
37,113
56.3
696
567
1,263
3.42013
66,794
37,544
56.2
621
622
1,243
3.32014
68,048
38,405
56.4
598
516
1,114
2.92015
69,298
38,732
55.9
629
330
959
2.52016
70,589
39,568
56.1
499
270
769
1.92017
71,469
39,781
55.7
452
226
678
1.72018
72,632
40,691
56.0
464
168
632
1.62019
73,349
40,918
55.8
411
125
536
1.3Footnotes(1) Data for 1990-91, 1996-97, and 2007-09 reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place in those years.Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 12. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2019
Year
Total,16 yearsand older
16 to 24 years
25 years and olderTotal
16 to 19years
20 to 24years
Total
25 to 34years
35 to 44years
45 to 54years
55 to 64years
65 yearsand older1979
62.3
78.6
85.2
76.3
62.1
67.5
58.3
56.8
60.6
77.61980
64.2
80.3
89.5
78.1
62.8
69.4
58.3
56.9
59.4
76.41981
64.4
82.6
91.7
80.6
62.6
70.3
59.9
56.8
58.9
71.11982
65.7
85.3
92.9
82.4
64.9
72.1
61.1
60.1
61.4
70.31983
66.5
88.8
94.0
85.5
65.8
73.3
61.5
59.5
61.8
68.81984
67.6
87.9
93.1
85.2
67.1
74.6
62.0
59.4
61.5
66.81985
68.1
87.6
90.7
85.7
66.8
75.1
63.0
59.7
61.0
65.91986
69.5
89.0
91.4
87.5
66.5
76.1
63.9
60.9
61.2
71.51987
69.8
88.3
87.8
88.0
67.3
76.7
66.1
62.3
62.2
68.71988
70.2
89.7
89.8
90.0
68.8
77.7
68.5
61.7
62.3
70.91989
70.1
90.8
94.3
89.7
70.2
78.3
68.3
62.7
63.9
74.31990
71.9
90.1
90.8
90.3
72.1
79.3
69.6
63.8
63.7
74.41991
74.2
93.3
93.6
93.3
74.0
81.0
70.7
65.0
64.5
68.31992
75.8
94.0
94.0
94.3
74.6
82.0
71.9
65.8
64.9
77.91993
77.1
94.8
92.8
95.4
74.8
83.0
73.0
67.4
67.4
74.31994
76.4
93.9
92.5
94.5
73.1
82.9
72.6
67.1
66.0
76.21995
75.5
90.8
88.1
92.4
72.8
82.2
72.6
67.7
64.7
80.01996
75.0
92.5
88.8
92.8
74.1
83.2
73.3
68.9
65.3
70.01997
74.4
92.1
91.6
90.5
75.1
82.9
74.0
69.4
64.7
77.01998
76.3
91.3
88.6
89.4
75.9
82.9
73.6
70.5
68.1
72.61999
76.5
91.0
91.4
90.5
74.4
81.5
71.7
70.0
67.9
78.72000
76.9
91.7
92.5
92.7
74.5
82.4
71.6
73.2
69.1
75.12001
76.4
90.3
90.3
91.9
75.4
83.0
72.5
73.5
70.5
69.02002
77.9
93.9
94.6
93.9
77.6
84.5
75.2
74.6
71.6
73.82003
79.4
93.2
93.1
93.9
78.5
86.9
76.1
73.0
72.7
71.12004
80.4
93.8
92.1
93.8
78.6
87.8
75.6
72.9
73.0
74.62005
81.0
93.2
92.1
93.8
79.4
89.0
75.5
75.5
74.7
76.42006
80.8
94.5
87.6
94.9
78.7
88.2
77.2
73.5
72.9
77.52007
80.2
92.3
89.1
90.3
78.5
86.9
76.5
74.5
72.8
77.82008
79.9
91.1
87.3
92.5
78.2
88.5
74.5
74.9
75.4
74.82009
80.2
92.6
90.7
92.9
78.7
88.7
77.4
73.6
75.3
76.12010
81.2
95.3
94.6
93.8
80.5
90.8
79.9
76.5
75.2
75.72011
82.2
92.5
88.6
93.2
81.0
92.3
78.5
76.0
75.1
80.92012
80.9
88.9
88.5
89.0
79.9
90.2
78.1
75.1
76.2
77.62013
82.1
88.3
89.7
89.8
81.1
89.4
80.2
76.6
77.1
73.72014
82.5
91.5
91.1
92.3
81.6
89.9
81.0
77.2
76.4
78.62015
81.1
88.2
89.4
89.7
80.4
89.6
81.8
76.8
73.7
73.82016
81.9
94.9
92.6
95.6
80.9
88.8
83.3
77.8
73.7
75.52017
81.8
91.2
87.6
90.2
81.3
88.2
81.0
77.5
78.0
77.02018
81.1
90.8
89.4
92.2
80.9
87.0
79.6
77.0
75.0
77.22019
81.5
89.0
84.4
90.4
80.8
87.8
80.1
77.3
75.5
76.5Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 22. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 13. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2019
Year
Total,16 yearsand older
White
Black orAfricanAmerican
Asian
HispanicorLatino ethnicity1979
62.3
61.7
74.4
-
71.71980
64.2
63.4
75.8
-
73.51981
64.4
63.1
76.9
-
75.71982
65.7
64.5
78.1
-
75.51983
66.5
65.6
78.9
-
78.51984
67.6
66.8
79.5
-
77.71985
68.1
67.2
82.6
-
77.71986
69.5
67.9
82.8
-
80.61987
69.8
68.2
84.4
-
82.01988
70.2
68.4
82.8
-
84.41989
70.1
69.3
86.5
-
85.41990
71.9
71.5
85.3
-
87.41991
74.2
73.7
86.1
-
90.41992
75.8
75.3
88.2
-
89.11993
77.1
76.5
88.8
-
90.51994
76.4
74.6
86.5
-
88.91995
75.5
73.3
86.4
-
87.11996
75.0
73.8
87.9
-
88.81997
74.4
74.6
86.8
-
85.71998
76.3
76.1
85.5
-
86.41999
76.5
75.7
83.8
-
85.72000
76.9
75.8
84.1
79.9
87.82001
76.4
75.8
85.8
76.9
88.22002
77.9
77.9
90.3
74.9
88.02003
79.4
79.3
88.5
77.5
88.42004
80.4
79.8
88.8
76.4
87.32005
81.0
80.2
89.3
80.6
87.72006
80.8
80.0
87.8
79.3
87.12007
80.2
79.4
88.8
78.1
91.02008
79.9
79.3
89.4
78.0
89.62009
80.2
79.2
93.7
81.8
89.52010
81.2
80.5
93.5
82.6
90.72011
82.2
82.1
91.1
77.4
90.72012
80.9
80.8
90.1
73.0
88.02013
82.1
81.7
91.3
77.3
91.12014
82.5
81.8
89.9
77.9
89.02015
81.1
80.8
90.4
77.7
89.72016
81.9
81.3
89.3
78.4
88.42017
81.8
81.9
92.5
74.8
87.42018
81.1
81.5
89.0
75.5
85.72019
81.5
81.1
91.5
76.7
85.9Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 23. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 14. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979-2019
Year
Total, 25 years and older
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Some college or associate degree
Bachelor's degree and higher1979
62.1
60.3
60.1
64.1
66.71980
62.8
61.4
61.5
64.5
67.91981
62.6
61.2
61.0
65.6
66.91982
64.9
62.8
63.1
66.7
68.81983
65.8
64.8
63.4
68.2
71.21984
67.1
64.9
64.9
68.4
69.41985
66.8
64.3
65.8
67.2
70.21986
66.5
64.8
66.6
68.0
70.61987
67.3
66.0
68.1
69.8
71.41988
68.8
66.6
68.2
71.6
71.41989
70.2
66.8
67.6
73.3
71.91990
72.1
68.8
68.6
72.9
72.21991
74.0
71.6
69.8
72.6
73.61992
74.6
72.9
70.4
73.3
75.11993
74.8
73.9
71.3
73.8
75.81994
73.1
75.1
70.8
72.1
76.81995
72.8
75.5
70.2
71.6
76.21996
74.1
75.1
70.7
73.2
75.21997
75.1
75.3
70.7
73.9
75.01998
75.9
73.9
70.8
74.0
75.31999
74.4
73.4
69.8
73.4
75.72000
74.5
74.9
71.1
73.1
74.12001
75.4
75.4
72.7
71.9
73.72002
77.6
77.2
74.2
74.3
74.22003
78.5
76.7
75.5
75.7
73.62004
78.6
74.9
75.7
75.8
75.22005
79.4
74.9
75.6
76.6
75.72006
78.7
76.3
73.7
75.6
75.12007
78.5
76.7
74.3
75.2
75.02008
78.2
76.1
73.3
75.7
74.32009
78.7
76.4
75.7
75.4
73.12010
80.5
79.8
76.5
75.5
74.12011
81.0
80.9
76.9
76.8
74.92012
79.9
76.0
76.3
76.9
73.02013
81.1
80.0
78.3
76.6
74.82014
81.6
79.1
77.0
75.8
75.72015
80.4
80.4
77.2
75.2
74.92016
80.9
76.8
77.9
76.8
75.22017
81.3
76.5
76.5
76.3
76.42018
80.9
77.3
75.2
75.4
75.12019
80.8
76.7
75.0
74.4
76.0Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older in table 24. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 15. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2019
Year
Total,16 yearsandolder
16 to 24 years
25 years and olderTotal
16 to 19years
20 to 24years
Total
25 to 34years
35 to 44years
45 to 54years
55 to 64years
65 yearsandolder1979
64.1
81.8
95.0
75.9
58.3
63.3
55.8
54.1
56.9
87.61980
64.8
84.1
93.2
77.0
58.7
64.1
54.9
54.4
56.4
89.21981
65.1
86.1
96.7
80.0
60.3
66.7
57.5
54.1
56.2
88.11982
67.3
86.3
97.0
81.8
62.1
67.7
57.1
55.7
59.0
88.11983
69.4
87.2
96.7
84.4
62.9
70.3
57.6
56.7
58.0
87.61984
69.8
86.0
96.5
84.5
63.7
71.1
59.0
56.9
59.5
89.01985
70.0
85.7
96.3
87.2
64.7
72.4
60.3
57.8
60.4
88.81986
70.2
85.8
95.5
86.7
66.0
74.1
61.4
59.0
60.3
91.31987
72.1
85.9
93.9
86.1
67.2
74.3
62.9
61.3
62.0
91.21988
73.8
89.1
94.4
87.2
68.7
75.6
66.1
61.6
62.4
92.81989
75.4
90.7
93.4
86.9
69.8
78.0
67.0
63.4
63.8
87.11990
77.9
91.0
93.8
90.1
71.8
79.4
68.7
64.3
66.2
89.61991
78.6
91.0
97.9
91.7
73.5
80.4
70.4
65.0
68.9
92.61992
80.3
91.3
97.7
92.5
76.0
82.6
73.1
66.1
69.3
92.61993
80.4
91.7
97.1
94.2
77.3
83.6
73.1
67.3
69.0
92.11994
80.6
90.5
97.0
91.2
78.2
85.5
73.4
69.9
70.7
94.01995
80.8
90.9
96.1
89.3
76.1
83.7
72.6
70.8
71.4
94.21996
81.2
92.1
97.0
89.6
78.2
83.1
74.6
72.1
72.4
91.61997
80.8
92.2
96.6
91.2
78.8
82.7
75.7
72.3
70.5
98.11998
81.8
90.3
96.7
89.1
77.9
86.1
77.4
75.0
72.4
93.21999
83.8
92.7
96.8
89.9
79.4
83.9
76.9
72.7
76.4
95.42000
83.8
91.7
93.8
93.0
80.8
88.3
76.3
73.2
76.8
94.72001
85.2
90.5
95.8
89.7
79.2
85.8
75.0
76.1
80.2
90.42002
85.0
92.5
96.9
91.3
82.1
85.1
78.7
77.6
80.8
89.32003
84.8
93.2
97.6
91.0
83.1
87.5
79.1
79.0
78.4
90.32004
84.6
93.9
95.9
91.7
81.7
88.3
78.4
79.1
79.6
92.52005
84.8
92.6
96.0
92.4
83.2
89.2
79.6
80.2
80.2
97.82006
84.0
90.9
95.7
90.5
83.2
87.6
80.0
76.4
80.6
93.02007
84.8
89.3
95.4
90.4
81.7
87.4
81.5
79.6
79.2
92.22008
85.4
91.2
96.6
91.6
83.0
87.0
80.5
78.2
81.8
91.62009
85.5
93.1
97.1
92.0
84.7
90.6
80.7
77.0
84.5
92.62010
86.0
93.6
97.8
91.7
85.6
91.9
82.9
79.9
83.2
93.82011
86.8
94.6
97.5
92.5
86.7
92.0
83.8
81.5
82.2
91.52012
86.4
93.0
97.9
92.0
86.8
91.5
83.9
81.2
83.1
90.92013
86.6
92.3
96.7
94.0
87.5
91.1
84.9
81.2
84.1
94.92014
84.6
92.4
96.1
96.3
85.7
87.0
84.6
81.2
81.3
89.22015
85.6
95.1
97.5
93.5
87.8
91.0
85.7
84.3
82.1
89.52016
87.0
97.7
95.7
91.9
87.6
88.2
85.8
83.0
83.7
88.12017
89.2
93.5
97.1
92.6
87.2
92.4
83.4
80.9
81.8
93.02018
87.8
93.1
97.6
95.9
84.7
92.2
82.5
80.0
79.9
92.42019
88.6
95.0
95.5
92.0
86.3
90.8
83.0
83.0
81.7
93.5Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information on historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of workers paid hourly rates in table 25. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 16. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2019
Year
Total,16 yearsandolder
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity1979
64.1
62.5
72.6
-
71.81980
64.8
63.6
74.9
-
75.11981
65.1
63.8
72.1
-
76.41982
67.3
66.0
75.2
-
75.61983
69.4
68.0
79.2
-
76.11984
69.8
68.6
79.1
-
77.01985
70.0
67.8
82.0
-
79.41986
70.2
68.8
78.7
-
80.81987
72.1
70.9
80.1
-
80.21988
73.8
72.7
80.8
-
81.11989
75.4
74.0
83.2
-
83.01990
77.9
75.6
84.5
-
86.11991
78.6
76.6
86.5
-
86.91992
80.3
78.6
87.1
-
88.31993
80.4
78.9
89.6
-
88.61994
80.6
79.7
87.5
-
89.31995
80.8
78.4
87.3
-
90.91996
81.2
79.6
88.0
-
88.81997
80.8
80.3
87.5
-
86.31998
81.8
81.8
86.9
-
87.61999
83.8
82.3
83.2
-
86.62000
83.8
83.0
88.8
90.5
87.32001
85.2
83.8
89.9
85.1
85.62002
85.0
83.8
92.3
91.7
86.12003
84.8
84.0
91.7
89.8
88.52004
84.6
84.0
91.3
88.8
90.22005
84.8
84.2
91.1
91.3
90.12006
84.0
83.6
88.5
90.7
87.62007
84.8
83.7
90.3
89.5
88.52008
85.4
84.5
89.9
87.3
85.12009
85.5
84.8
89.7
90.4
84.62010
86.0
85.0
92.1
88.0
86.22011
86.8
85.9
93.5
89.8
86.82012
86.4
85.3
92.0
90.1
85.42013
86.6
85.7
94.9
91.6
87.52014
84.6
83.3
94.8
90.2
86.62015
85.6
85.9
92.4
92.8
85.82016
87.0
87.2
92.6
93.6
85.22017
89.2
87.8
94.1
85.5
84.12018
87.8
86.3
91.6
89.6
85.32019
88.6
87.3
93.5
88.8
90.1Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in table 26. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2019 annual averages [In constant 2019 dollars]
Year
Total, 16 years and older
16 to 24 years
25 years and olderTotal
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and olderTotal1979
$793
$566
$474
$612
$872
$839
$921
$908
$862
$6511980
775
553
456
592
846
817
893
882
843
6011981
770
542
436
577
835
802
883
867
837
6021982
770
531
418
561
834
793
903
880
829
6451983
767
517
402
547
841
787
907
900
848
6401984
767
511
398
544
852
788
915
906
861
6401985
782
509
395
545
861
793
923
909
866
6751986
801
518
397
554
873
804
935
929
886
6651987
808
525
402
559
870
806
940
927
875
6701988
802
519
408
554
862
798
938
944
873
6731989
796
517
407
551
852
786
942
942
860
6671990
783
511
397
542
854
774
924
930
869
6521991
782
508
391
534
857
761
914
930
861
6991992
789
495
380
520
858
756
901
935
866
6771993
802
493
374
519
858
762
904
948
860
6871994
800
490
378
514
856
752
920
969
858
6581995
801
488
386
512
853
754
920
973
860
6511996
798
485
391
508
847
754
910
967
871
6251997
801
487
401
511
860
766
922
967
889
6261998
822
502
421
533
899
789
939
975
931
6371999
845
525
432
558
911
797
940
1,003
929
6222000
857
537
442
570
906
817
930
996
923
6892001
863
543
441
570
912
834
951
1,003
923
7062002
866
543
434
568
920
842
952
1,006
960
7152003
864
539
433
560
922
827
957
1,007
986
7192004
866
529
419
551
927
820
967
1,008
984
7602005
854
521
417
539
913
801
959
982
974
7472006
853
520
412
537
912
789
950
982
972
7412007
859
524
417
556
912
795
951
977
993
7482008
860
527
415
556
906
793
957
979
982
7672009
883
528
411
554
925
810
976
1,001
1,005
8172010
878
508
408
533
919
801
968
992
1,011
8042011
861
501
401
521
908
789
953
986
1,003
8452012
857
496
397
518
910
789
958
980
1,001
8452013
853
499
410
519
909
778
960
970
993
8802014
855
516
409
531
907
785
952
972
985
8912015
873
525
420
540
928
793
971
996
1,000
9422016
886
534
431
546
942
800
995
1,017
1,014
9222017
897
541
442
563
946
806
1,005
1,019
1,016
9482018
902
558
457
587
949
823
1,004
1,020
1,012
9612019
917
581
481
598
969
846
1,035
1,033
1,017
936Women1979
$599
$507
$434
$530
$641
$655
$645
$632
$622
$5591980
595
494
429
518
630
645
633
618
607
5181981
593
488
417
518
631
648
645
610
602
5121982
610
490
403
513
651
658
658
643
625
5381983
618
485
387
507
657
667
667
647
630
5201984
624
478
381
501
666
671
687
656
635
5151985
630
480
377
502
673
673
698
664
648
5501986
650
489
379
516
688
683
712
688
661
5711987
654
490
371
523
693
683
728
700
665
5641988
656
490
383
523
698
681
738
706
660
5831989
655
491
393
519
701
679
739
713
665
5831990
658
483
376
511
702
677
741
717
662
5701991
672
488
376
514
710
681
747
730
666
5851992
681
478
367
502
717
685
749
747
674
5881993
687
477
358
505
726
691
760
769
691
5861994
683
473
361
497
721
680
767
771
682
5751995
679
460
360
487
716
674
758
776
674
5901996
681
463
363
485
723
676
754
783
684
5441997
686
465
382
487
736
680
768
788
689
5541998
717
480
392
502
763
709
783
811
748
5501999
728
498
409
528
765
723
774
822
757
5692000
734
512
421
545
768
734
775
839
756
5832001
741
511
417
543
786
741
792
849
776
5642002
754
523
420
548
809
755
813
858
818
6132003
769
517
416
539
813
760
822
848
837
6062004
777
509
398
531
813
761
825
848
834
6492005
768
500
399
520
803
752
815
845
839
6462006
762
502
388
525
797
741
820
837
836
6482007
759
506
393
527
799
738
826
837
839
6602008
760
500
383
530
798
742
812
842
846
6702009
785
507
386
532
821
757
847
851
869
7192010
786
496
395
516
827
761
859
858
865
7062011
779
479
374
499
818
754
836
847
853
7562012
771
464
368
479
811
743
834
833
855
7442013
776
465
385
486
813
731
843
836
856
7592014
777
488
386
506
813
734
844
843
843
8002015
783
485
393
505
821
744
867
862
846
7982016
798
518
413
532
835
751
894
890
865
7982017
803
520
419
536
845
755
897
892
893
8152018
803
532
429
556
845
764
892
892
869
8262019
821
540
427
563
865
788
920
904
880
815Men1979
$961
$645
$510
$694
$1,033
$970
$1,105
$1,112
$1,026
$7201980
926
615
479
663
1,003
929
1,086
1,086
1,021
6781981
921
591
455
642
1,008
921
1,076
1,073
1,022
7211982
929
574
434
622
1,003
913
1,077
1,069
1,018
7651983
929
547
412
593
998
909
1,083
1,088
1,020
7551984
922
544
409
588
993
899
1,108
1,106
1,033
7721985
925
548
416
586
1,007
895
1,107
1,111
1,061
8341986
935
549
415
589
1,033
897
1,114
1,129
1,080
7991987
937
555
423
594
1,030
890
1,102
1,123
1,069
8211988
935
546
427
581
1,015
877
1,077
1,144
1,060
8231989
934
541
417
579
998
866
1,082
1,136
1,040
7841990
914
536
414
567
973
854
1,065
1,124
1,038
7661991
905
523
402
550
960
840
1,057
1,123
1,033
8571992
898
509
391
532
961
835
1,041
1,136
1,038
7541993
892
503
386
530
970
832
1,042
1,142
1,024
7881994
894
503
390
526
986
820
1,057
1,149
1,033
7551995
900
507
408
527
983
819
1,043
1,145
1,042
7371996
907
500
409
523
976
813
1,029
1,137
1,047
7771997
922
505
417
538
979
820
1,037
1,135
1,065
7201998
940
525
442
561
1,005
855
1,064
1,151
1,099
7581999
951
548
448
583
1,028
888
1,080
1,174
1,115
7232000
954
558
455
588
1,031
890
1,083
1,147
1,094
7772001
970
566
462
590
1,042
893
1,091
1,156
1,100
8182002
967
557
444
584
1,043
893
1,081
1,150
1,142
8302003
968
554
447
574
1,036
875
1,079
1,162
1,152
8522004
967
543
431
566
1,034
867
1,091
1,163
1,144
8702005
948
537
433
554
1,012
845
1,079
1,119
1,122
8452006
944
531
442
553
1,013
840
1,062
1,140
1,146
8362007
947
548
441
583
1,017
849
1,079
1,124
1,153
8482008
950
549
439
573
1,020
838
1,089
1,124
1,123
8962009
978
547
425
572
1,043
854
1,094
1,155
1,153
9452010
968
521
417
550
1,027
839
1,075
1,121
1,150
9332011
948
518
421
535
1,009
817
1,065
1,115
1,136
9352012
953
522
416
538
1,016
824
1,068
1,109
1,122
9602013
945
526
429
541
1,002
818
1,051
1,092
1,111
1,0302014
942
533
424
548
997
816
1,042
1,093
1,104
1,0182015
965
550
439
563
1,022
831
1,060
1,122
1,148
1,0822016
974
545
446
557
1,032
846
1,072
1,145
1,174
1,0562017
981
570
479
594
1,039
856
1,107
1,150
1,145
1,0592018
991
586
480
603
1,045
878
1,121
1,158
1,158
1,0692019
1,007
607
506
623
1,070
897
1,149
1,169
1,166
1,066Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section.  Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2019 annual averages [In constant 2019 dollars]
Year
Total, 16 years and older
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicityTotal1979
$793
$816
$655
-
$6381980
775
796
627
-
6181981
770
789
637
-
6041982
770
791
625
-
6121983
767
784
640
-
6131984
767
791
633
-
6091985
782
809
630
-
6141986
801
828
650
-
6181987
808
829
650
-
6161988
802
823
654
-
6041989
796
816
637
-
5951990
783
806
625
-
5781991
782
811
639
-
5721992
789
821
640
-
5751993
802
830
645
-
5791994
800
829
635
-
5551995
801
826
640
-
5501996
798
824
630
-
5521997
801
826
637
-
5591998
822
857
670
-
5821999
845
882
685
-
5922000
857
878
705
$915
5942001
863
883
711
925
6032002
866
887
709
937
6042003
864
886
716
965
6132004
866
891
712
961
6192005
854
882
682
988
6182006
853
877
704
996
6182007
859
885
703
1,026
6222008
860
883
701
1,025
6302009
883
904
718
1,051
6462010
878
899
718
1,005
6292011
861
883
700
986
6252012
857
884
693
1,027
6342013
853
881
691
1,035
6352014
855
882
691
1,030
6422015
873
901
691
1,071
6522016
886
918
722
1,087
6652017
897
928
711
1,088
6832018
902
933
707
1,115
6922019
917
945
735
1,174
706Women1979
$599
$605
$556
-
$5161980
595
601
547
-
5091981
593
599
558
-
5151982
610
617
554
-
5181983
618
623
569
-
5271984
624
631
567
-
5251985
630
639
573
-
5231986
650
656
589
-
5381987
654
663
596
-
5421988
656
662
600
-
5421989
655
667
601
-
5371990
658
671
586
-
5291991
672
684
593
-
5361992
681
694
600
-
5411993
687
701
608
-
5471994
683
699
592
-
5221995
679
694
594
-
5101996
681
697
590
-
5151997
686
707
597
-
5061998
717
736
629
-
5301999
728
743
629
-
5352000
734
747
638
$814
5452001
741
755
657
815
5622002
754
779
674
806
5662003
769
790
684
833
5712004
777
792
685
832
5692005
768
782
655
873
5632006
762
774
659
888
5592007
759
774
659
904
5852008
760
779
660
896
5962009
785
799
695
931
6082010
786
804
696
908
5972011
779
801
678
855
5902012
771
792
669
859
5812013
776
793
666
900
5952014
777
794
661
909
5922015
783
802
663
946
6112016
798
816
683
961
6242017
803
829
685
942
6292018
803
832
666
954
6282019
821
840
704
1,025
642Men1979
$961
$980
$747
-
$7201980
926
947
722
-
6921981
921
949
726
-
6801982
929
957
709
-
6861983
929
949
721
-
6721984
922
944
713
-
6751985
925
950
693
-
6731986
935
967
712
-
6671987
937
972
706
-
6611988
935
969
725
-
6421989
934
962
695
-
6291990
914
939
686
-
6051991
905
928
688
-
5931992
898
921
681
-
6081993
892
916
685
-
6051994
894
937
685
-
5871995
900
946
687
-
5851996
907
945
671
-
5801997
922
947
688
-
5911998
940
967
736
-
6131999
951
982
751
-
6252000
954
985
759
$1,019
6212001
970
997
766
1,059
6372002
967
1,000
746
1,077
6422003
968
996
773
1,075
6462004
967
993
772
1,088
6512005
948
975
734
1,083
6422006
944
967
751
1,121
6422007
947
974
742
1,157
6432008
950
982
738
1,150
6652009
978
1,010
742
1,137
6802010
968
999
744
1,100
6582011
948
975
744
1,105
6502012
953
981
742
1,177
6612013
945
971
730
1,164
6532014
942
970
735
1,168
6662015
965
992
734
1,218
6812016
974
1,003
765
1,226
7062017
981
1,013
740
1,259
7192018
991
1,020
748
1,264
7332019
1,007
1,036
769
1,336
747Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979-2019 annual averages [In constant 2019 dollars]
Year
Total,25 yearsand older
Less than ahigh schooldiploma
High schoolgraduates, nocollege
Somecollege orassociatedegree
Bachelor'sdegree andhigherTotal1979
$872
$691
$819
$928
$1,1321980
846
657
787
899
1,1121981
835
650
775
878
1,1031982
834
633
770
895
1,1171983
841
627
762
890
1,1301984
852
619
760
899
1,1441985
861
614
757
907
1,1501986
873
621
768
913
1,1721987
870
613
769
909
1,2181988
862
600
767
896
1,2191989
852
593
749
902
1,2161990
854
576
734
905
1,2131991
857
563
728
897
1,2221992
858
557
722
867
1,2471993
858
549
726
864
1,2501994
856
526
721
854
1,2551995
853
517
722
849
1,2491996
847
516
721
844
1,2351997
860
511
734
852
1,2401998
899
530
753
877
1,2911999
911
532
754
892
1,3232000
906
539
751
887
1,3262001
912
553
753
893
1,3332002
920
553
762
896
1,3402003
922
552
772
890
1,3432004
927
544
779
897
1,3382005
913
537
765
879
1,3292006
912
532
756
879
1,3202007
912
529
747
870
1,3252008
906
539
736
860
1,3272009
925
542
748
867
1,3582010
919
522
736
863
1,3442011
908
514
727
842
1,3102012
910
526
728
836
1,3002013
909
519
715
822
1,3122014
907
528
722
823
1,2902015
928
532
731
822
1,3272016
942
537
737
830
1,3412017
946
542
742
832
1,3342018
949
563
743
841
1,3482019
969
592
746
856
1,367Women1979
$641
$500
$609
$694
$8681980
630
485
595
683
8581981
631
474
588
691
8621982
651
469
602
699
8831983
657
478
603
706
9041984
666
471
609
718
9181985
673
459
609
720
9411986
688
464
618
737
9731987
693
462
622
749
1,0061988
698
460
621
750
1,0101989
701
461
607
756
1,0121990
702
456
599
751
1,0171991
710
459
602
750
1,0311992
717
459
604
729
1,0651993
726
460
607
738
1,0681994
721
440
601
724
1,0861995
716
438
595
714
1,0771996
723
436
594
720
1,0701997
736
438
602
731
1,0701998
763
445
623
748
1,1121999
765
446
623
751
1,1382000
768
452
625
751
1,1252001
786
457
641
753
1,1372002
809
463
652
774
1,1522003
813
458
660
780
1,1592004
813
453
662
783
1,1672005
803
448
647
770
1,1592006
797
455
635
765
1,1502007
799
456
633
753
1,1522008
798
450
619
748
1,1372009
821
456
648
753
1,1592010
827
456
638
750
1,1592011
818
450
631
735
1,1372012
811
431
626
735
1,1172013
813
440
630
722
1,1462014
813
442
625
715
1,1342015
821
451
632
716
1,1482016
835
450
638
733
1,1732017
845
466
636
730
1,1792018
845
478
627
730
1,1662019
865
494
633
737
1,195Men1979
$1,033
$829
$1,013
$1,082
$1,3031980
1,003
790
967
1,059
1,2631981
1,008
775
965
1,054
1,2871982
1,003
747
954
1,048
1,2831983
998
738
951
1,034
1,2701984
993
725
939
1,049
1,3221985
1,007
714
925
1,073
1,3411986
1,033
717
929
1,083
1,3791987
1,030
700
914
1,073
1,4101988
1,015
692
910
1,048
1,4151989
998
691
898
1,032
1,4071990
973
663
873
1,030
1,4091991
960
640
862
1,033
1,4021992
961
629
858
995
1,4181993
970
622
851
1,000
1,4091994
986
586
849
1,005
1,4141995
983
580
848
997
1,4131996
976
581
840
984
1,4231997
979
581
852
989
1,4271998
1,005
602
879
1,011
1,4761999
1,028
608
892
1,023
1,5032000
1,031
604
879
1,028
1,5182001
1,042
606
881
1,046
1,5442002
1,043
600
879
1,041
1,5532003
1,036
597
875
1,031
1,5752004
1,034
605
875
1,033
1,5512005
1,012
597
856
1,005
1,5312006
1,013
596
861
1,011
1,5312007
1,017
595
852
1,001
1,5362008
1,020
592
844
988
1,5302009
1,043
597
855
998
1,5852010
1,027
571
834
993
1,5632011
1,009
556
820
957
1,5172012
1,016
567
820
956
1,5302013
1,002
549
804
943
1,5332014
997
559
812
943
1,4972015
1,022
561
819
953
1,5322016
1,032
587
819
954
1,5592017
1,039
609
831
956
1,5442018
1,045
618
834
968
1,5522019
1,070
644
844
991
1,573Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2019 annual averages [In constant 2019 dollars]
Year
Total, 16 years and older
16 to 24 years
25 years and olderTotal
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and olderTotal1979
$14.61
$11.48
$10.20
$13.22
$16.81
$17.11
$17.40
$16.97
$16.35
$10.621980
14.26
10.98
9.53
12.69
16.42
16.75
17.04
16.72
15.95
10.531981
13.96
10.76
9.70
12.49
16.23
16.50
16.80
16.29
15.75
10.621982
13.78
10.33
9.18
11.89
16.02
16.20
16.86
16.38
15.59
10.511983
13.70
10.00
8.85
11.50
16.05
15.93
16.94
16.50
15.71
10.781984
13.72
9.84
8.59
11.34
16.09
15.93
16.87
16.66
15.58
10.891985
13.70
9.68
8.34
11.23
16.02
15.73
17.02
16.75
15.70
10.771986
13.84
9.84
8.28
11.29
16.14
15.65
17.39
17.25
16.00
11.091987
13.97
9.91
8.23
11.25
16.11
15.53
17.15
16.98
16.03
10.971988
14.02
9.98
8.40
11.21
16.12
15.48
17.02
17.00
15.58
10.901989
13.95
9.88
8.42
11.28
15.85
15.25
17.09
16.81
15.61
10.821990
13.75
9.81
8.54
11.24
15.51
15.02
16.77
16.71
15.25
10.931991
13.76
9.65
8.61
11.01
15.56
14.75
16.83
16.72
15.03
10.901992
13.84
9.62
8.48
10.81
15.65
14.64
16.81
17.06
15.20
11.001993
13.76
9.63
8.39
10.75
15.65
14.46
16.80
17.24
15.56
11.171994
13.72
9.62
8.41
10.65
15.62
14.35
16.99
17.16
15.45
10.941995
13.66
9.70
8.43
10.74
15.65
14.57
16.76
16.94
15.38
11.121996
13.68
9.67
8.42
10.90
15.67
14.36
16.51
16.68
15.29
11.031997
13.93
9.79
8.77
11.00
15.72
14.39
16.50
16.88
15.49
10.971998
14.31
10.35
9.25
11.38
15.93
15.17
17.08
17.23
15.85
11.641999
14.66
10.57
9.35
11.91
16.11
15.35
16.95
17.43
15.97
11.852000
14.75
10.77
9.54
12.01
16.19
15.15
16.89
17.59
16.10
11.982001
14.75
11.13
9.78
12.13
16.50
15.44
17.32
17.61
16.45
12.342002
14.91
11.13
9.84
12.07
16.85
15.64
17.35
17.75
16.88
12.922003
15.11
11.00
9.65
12.06
16.78
15.67
17.35
18.06
16.98
12.802004
14.93
10.83
9.50
11.91
16.59
15.43
17.49
17.95
17.07
13.052005
14.69
10.59
9.25
11.69
16.38
15.43
17.20
17.69
16.99
13.032006
14.94
10.47
9.19
11.64
16.44
15.18
17.14
17.83
16.94
12.902007
14.77
10.69
9.36
11.94
16.27
14.89
17.22
17.79
16.95
12.822008
14.56
10.56
9.33
11.62
16.44
14.88
17.12
17.70
16.90
12.962009
14.86
10.63
9.46
11.67
16.62
15.05
17.43
17.74
17.56
13.732010
14.69
10.46
9.40
11.20
16.43
14.72
17.17
17.60
17.50
13.572011
14.48
10.22
9.18
10.95
16.08
14.48
16.89
17.08
17.16
13.882012
14.29
10.10
9.04
10.83
15.90
14.31
16.58
16.82
17.18
13.632013
14.21
10.07
9.00
10.80
15.93
14.15
16.46
16.67
17.16
13.702014
14.21
10.32
9.11
10.79
16.00
14.19
16.34
16.64
16.61
14.082015
14.50
10.63
9.55
10.94
16.08
14.67
16.35
17.09
17.16
14.112016
14.91
10.78
9.80
11.49
16.11
14.91
16.79
17.35
17.25
14.662017
15.26
11.14
10.21
11.84
16.32
15.46
16.79
17.43
17.54
14.932018
15.26
11.36
10.21
12.18
16.41
15.38
17.25
17.33
17.58
14.612019
15.35
11.94
10.21
12.54
16.87
15.90
17.52
17.52
17.85
15.03Women1979
$11.91
$10.49
$9.97
$11.58
$12.83
$13.29
$13.06
$12.63
$12.34
$10.261980
11.69
10.21
9.29
11.21
12.54
13.14
12.69
12.51
12.07
10.001981
11.60
10.05
9.54
11.08
12.71
13.25
12.93
12.44
12.01
10.051982
11.76
9.64
9.06
10.69
12.81
13.24
12.96
12.63
12.24
10.031983
11.76
9.36
8.70
10.44
12.82
13.33
13.01
12.72
12.43
10.201984
11.69
9.25
8.45
10.26
12.89
13.18
13.20
12.96
12.40
10.281985
11.66
9.11
8.20
10.36
13.02
13.16
13.43
13.09
12.41
10.071986
11.90
9.17
8.15
10.51
13.28
13.28
13.68
13.37
12.83
10.561987
12.10
9.11
8.01
10.56
13.30
13.26
13.71
13.56
13.02
10.481988
12.17
9.33
8.15
10.52
13.42
13.25
14.08
13.73
12.67
10.671989
12.20
9.36
8.18
10.44
13.53
13.33
14.17
13.77
12.73
10.261990
12.24
9.41
8.27
10.59
13.44
13.33
14.01
13.61
12.79
10.361991
12.39
9.32
8.51
10.48
13.47
13.19
14.18
13.96
12.75
10.571992
12.47
9.25
8.41
10.34
13.71
13.35
14.32
14.23
12.90
10.701993
12.45
9.21
8.27
10.42
13.76
13.30
14.27
14.30
13.22
10.801994
12.41
9.11
8.27
10.24
13.78
13.32
14.45
14.49
13.39
10.681995
12.47
9.18
8.26
10.18
13.66
13.24
14.43
14.58
13.26
10.791996
12.59
9.25
8.29
10.20
13.73
13.13
14.48
14.56
13.14
10.501997
12.64
9.47
8.63
10.43
13.93
13.06
14.55
14.75
13.23
10.881998
12.94
9.81
9.09
10.90
14.36
13.84
15.19
15.38
13.92
11.341999
13.29
10.15
9.20
11.11
14.66
14.00
15.12
15.31
14.35
11.542000
13.48
10.42
9.27
11.61
14.72
14.42
14.93
15.15
14.64
11.712001
13.95
10.49
9.57
11.58
14.76
14.38
15.11
15.70
15.04
11.782002
14.09
10.61
9.69
11.55
15.26
14.42
15.64
15.93
15.40
12.442003
14.04
10.57
9.54
11.41
15.33
14.64
15.56
16.42
15.39
12.312004
13.80
10.46
9.31
11.29
15.24
14.41
15.54
16.21
15.70
12.432005
13.53
10.24
9.08
11.15
15.20
14.25
15.54
15.92
15.56
12.892006
13.53
10.15
9.03
11.21
15.08
14.07
15.31
15.58
15.40
12.672007
13.57
10.07
9.16
11.12
14.89
13.86
15.28
15.88
15.12
12.552008
13.68
10.04
9.18
10.90
14.86
13.95
15.35
15.67
15.48
12.542009
14.05
10.25
9.34
10.98
15.24
14.29
15.53
15.64
16.24
13.272010
13.90
10.13
9.29
10.67
15.14
14.15
15.42
15.86
16.08
13.142011
13.64
9.94
9.07
10.43
14.92
13.80
15.31
15.67
15.98
13.392012
13.38
9.80
8.95
10.23
14.70
13.56
15.02
15.40
16.03
13.212013
13.32
9.81
8.89
10.33
14.68
13.44
15.13
15.32
15.97
13.432014
13.17
9.88
8.96
10.56
14.59
13.24
15.14
15.29
15.34
13.482015
13.55
10.29
9.44
10.73
15.02
13.91
15.24
15.97
15.93
13.662016
13.86
10.65
9.66
10.92
15.15
13.93
15.71
15.94
16.08
13.872017
14.14
10.72
10.00
11.47
15.46
14.60
15.56
15.81
15.86
14.472018
14.32
11.13
10.09
11.89
15.32
14.91
15.50
15.48
15.91
14.022019
14.85
11.59
10.09
12.07
15.58
15.10
15.90
15.97
16.18
14.78Men1979
$18.59
$12.83
$10.49
$15.26
$22.01
$20.99
$23.42
$23.36
$21.68
$11.711980
18.05
12.13
9.97
14.56
21.36
20.50
23.11
23.02
21.42
11.211981
17.80
11.68
9.86
13.85
21.08
19.86
22.49
23.01
21.36
11.411982
17.47
11.17
9.34
13.06
20.61
19.57
22.68
22.65
20.77
11.381983
16.96
10.74
9.00
12.38
20.37
18.97
22.60
22.45
21.42
11.641984
16.75
10.75
8.75
12.14
20.24
18.54
22.38
22.80
20.85
11.551985
16.66
10.64
8.52
11.89
20.11
18.18
22.27
22.66
20.55
11.341986
16.94
10.69
8.53
12.12
20.13
17.92
22.30
22.66
21.29
11.561987
16.78
10.60
8.53
12.27
19.78
17.84
21.81
22.12
20.99
11.491988
16.48
10.48
8.62
12.06
19.54
17.52
21.29
22.27
20.29
11.501989
16.17
10.32
8.76
12.02
19.38
17.09
21.14
21.72
19.96
11.781990
15.72
10.34
8.82
11.75
18.71
16.79
20.40
21.16
19.33
11.561991
15.76
10.24
8.70
11.43
18.31
16.40
20.15
21.49
18.50
11.411992
15.54
10.13
8.60
11.18
18.03
16.16
19.59
21.54
18.62
11.561993
15.49
10.05
8.51
11.07
17.80
15.91
19.51
21.24
19.16
11.731994
15.41
10.07
8.53
11.23
17.62
15.58
19.69
20.72
18.94
11.371995
15.43
10.10
8.60
11.40
17.94
15.82
19.88
20.60
18.58
11.451996
15.50
10.05
8.55
11.38
17.56
15.80
19.40
20.20
18.16
11.471997
15.65
10.27
8.93
11.43
17.68
15.80
19.22
20.38
18.77
11.081998
15.82
10.86
9.40
12.23
18.43
16.07
19.62
20.50
19.21
12.171999
15.86
10.95
9.51
12.35
18.46
16.68
19.66
21.05
18.78
12.092000
16.09
11.35
9.88
12.49
18.21
16.32
19.55
20.68
19.06
12.372001
16.38
11.59
9.99
12.91
18.64
16.76
20.14
20.62
18.74
13.022002
16.58
11.47
10.00
12.65
18.59
16.94
19.89
20.51
19.06
13.932003
16.56
11.34
9.78
12.53
18.45
16.73
19.68
20.79
19.62
13.642004
16.31
11.14
9.70
12.31
18.64
16.32
19.81
20.50
19.73
13.432005
15.96
11.05
9.46
12.07
18.25
15.97
19.53
19.86
19.41
13.182006
16.11
11.17
9.44
12.39
18.13
16.05
19.14
20.38
19.11
13.622007
16.01
11.29
9.60
12.31
18.23
15.86
18.75
19.96
19.10
13.612008
16.02
11.00
9.50
11.90
17.89
16.04
19.07
20.02
18.93
13.692009
16.44
11.02
9.62
11.94
18.00
15.77
19.24
20.30
19.22
14.342010
16.17
10.82
9.51
11.63
17.67
15.39
18.60
19.85
19.33
14.012011
15.72
10.51
9.29
11.28
17.21
15.01
18.26
19.23
19.44
14.642012
15.49
10.54
9.14
11.13
16.93
14.82
17.91
18.96
19.29
14.542013
15.38
10.63
9.20
10.99
16.78
14.75
17.81
18.87
18.99
14.152014
15.56
10.69
9.33
10.97
17.04
15.22
17.89
18.82
18.88
15.112015
15.83
10.82
9.68
11.48
17.11
15.29
17.78
18.93
19.41
15.262016
15.93
10.91
10.10
11.87
17.31
15.79
18.32
19.20
19.22
15.742017
15.85
11.46
10.30
12.39
17.73
15.80
18.65
19.54
19.40
15.572018
16.30
11.96
10.34
12.40
18.09
16.16
18.78
19.34
19.92
15.172019
16.76
12.20
10.56
13.12
18.05
16.63
19.16
19.24
19.80
15.81Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2019 annual averages [In constant 2019 dollars]
Year
Total,16 yearsandolder
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicityTotal1979
$14.61
$14.84
$13.52
-
$13.421980
14.26
14.44
13.14
-
13.141981
13.96
14.04
13.28
-
13.041982
13.78
13.95
12.91
-
12.781983
13.70
13.87
12.62
-
12.481984
13.72
13.88
12.61
-
12.401985
13.70
13.86
12.50
-
12.431986
13.84
14.02
12.95
-
12.611987
13.97
14.17
12.94
-
12.571988
14.02
14.19
12.81
-
12.401989
13.95
14.13
12.83
-
12.121990
13.75
13.94
12.95
-
11.941991
13.76
13.96
12.84
-
11.851992
13.84
14.01
12.65
-
11.921993
13.76
13.93
12.55
-
11.941994
13.72
13.89
12.48
-
11.871995
13.66
13.91
12.81
-
11.711996
13.68
13.96
12.64
-
11.681997
13.93
14.14
12.75
-
11.771998
14.31
14.50
13.19
-
12.451999
14.66
14.98
13.62
-
12.422000
14.75
14.82
13.90
$14.99
12.712001
14.75
14.85
14.15
15.56
13.112002
14.91
15.26
14.15
14.76
13.132003
15.11
15.28
14.14
15.49
13.592004
14.93
15.10
13.83
15.06
13.312005
14.69
15.07
13.35
15.76
13.062006
14.94
15.07
13.55
15.92
12.862007
14.77
14.93
13.46
15.11
12.662008
14.56
14.93
13.33
15.49
13.062009
14.86
15.13
13.91
15.72
13.192010
14.69
14.97
13.83
15.53
12.782011
14.48
14.70
13.43
15.21
12.592012
14.29
14.55
13.21
14.77
12.412013
14.21
14.45
13.08
14.97
12.362014
14.21
14.67
12.84
15.14
12.792015
14.50
14.96
13.01
15.31
12.992016
14.91
15.17
13.30
15.75
13.512017
15.26
15.53
13.45
15.70
13.722018
15.26
15.44
13.89
15.52
14.252019
15.35
15.85
14.66
16.13
14.86Women1979
$11.91
$11.91
$11.68
-
$11.321980
11.69
11.72
11.48
-
11.181981
11.60
11.60
11.36
-
11.111982
11.76
11.76
11.45
-
11.051983
11.76
11.79
11.57
-
10.831984
11.69
11.72
11.46
-
10.941985
11.66
11.68
11.45
-
10.951986
11.90
11.94
11.54
-
11.161987
12.10
12.14
11.66
-
11.041988
12.17
12.21
11.69
-
11.001989
12.20
12.24
11.74
-
11.041990
12.24
12.28
11.84
-
11.031991
12.39
12.40
12.02
-
10.971992
12.47
12.53
11.90
-
11.061993
12.45
12.52
12.01
-
11.031994
12.41
12.57
11.87
-
10.961995
12.47
12.61
11.91
-
11.041996
12.59
12.69
11.73
-
11.031997
12.64
12.74
12.09
-
10.861998
12.94
13.10
12.42
-
11.351999
13.29
13.43
12.51
-
11.482000
13.48
13.53
13.18
$14.54
11.742001
13.95
14.08
13.24
14.57
11.982002
14.09
14.16
13.46
14.39
12.172003
14.04
14.08
13.80
14.87
12.372004
13.80
13.85
13.47
14.34
12.272005
13.53
13.78
13.03
15.28
12.052006
13.53
13.68
12.85
15.18
12.072007
13.57
13.67
12.92
14.62
12.112008
13.68
13.93
12.83
14.58
11.992009
14.05
14.13
13.15
15.14
12.052010
13.90
13.96
13.16
14.58
11.882011
13.64
13.72
12.85
14.58
11.672012
13.38
13.48
12.53
14.23
11.402013
13.32
13.42
12.68
14.33
11.532014
13.17
13.38
12.51
14.30
11.592015
13.55
13.83
12.62
14.89
11.952016
13.86
14.06
12.88
14.98
12.562017
14.14
14.46
13.09
14.84
12.612018
14.32
14.53
13.26
15.22
13.032019
14.85
14.93
14.00
15.29
13.74Men1979
$18.59
$19.05
$16.09
-
$15.761980
18.05
18.43
15.33
-
14.881981
17.80
18.18
15.75
-
14.551982
17.47
17.81
15.23
-
14.621983
16.96
17.33
14.61
-
14.241984
16.75
17.08
14.49
-
14.211985
16.66
17.23
13.98
-
13.801986
16.94
17.37
14.67
-
13.821987
16.78
17.13
14.56
-
13.761988
16.48
16.79
14.46
-
13.561989
16.17
16.53
14.11
-
13.291990
15.72
16.25
14.01
-
12.811991
15.76
16.18
13.89
-
12.621992
15.54
15.93
13.66
-
12.531993
15.49
15.86
13.41
-
12.451994
15.41
15.77
13.56
-
12.281995
15.43
16.09
13.65
-
12.141996
15.50
15.94
13.32
-
12.411997
15.65
15.86
13.81
-
12.581998
15.82
16.01
14.29
-
12.961999
15.86
16.32
15.03
-
13.252000
16.09
16.29
14.85
$16.06
13.452001
16.38
16.80
14.73
17.13
13.992002
16.58
16.89
14.59
15.70
14.132003
16.56
16.75
15.06
16.56
13.972004
16.31
16.50
14.76
16.15
13.602005
15.96
16.36
14.30
16.73
13.372006
16.11
16.37
14.51
16.75
13.772007
16.01
16.34
14.30
16.34
13.682008
16.02
16.49
14.27
16.70
14.082009
16.44
16.67
14.66
16.74
14.242010
16.17
16.42
14.29
16.58
13.782011
15.72
15.97
13.74
16.23
13.452012
15.49
15.81
13.62
15.79
13.352013
15.38
15.65
13.36
15.65
13.182014
15.56
16.06
13.20
15.85
13.382015
15.83
16.11
13.66
16.04
13.942016
15.93
16.11
13.91
16.02
14.732017
15.85
16.47
13.91
17.36
14.982018
16.30
16.83
14.48
17.00
15.292019
16.76
17.10
14.98
17.22
15.25Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 1979-2019 annual averages [In current dollars]
Year
Total,16 yearsand older
16 to 24 years
25 years and olderTotal
16 to 19years
20 to 24years
Total
25 to 34years
35 to 44years
45 to 54years
55 to 64years
65 yearsand olderTotal1979
$241
$172
$144
$186
$265
$255
$280
$276
$262
$1981980
262
187
154
200
286
276
302
298
285
2031981
284
200
161
213
308
296
326
320
309
2221982
302
208
164
220
327
311
354
345
325
2531983
313
211
164
223
343
321
370
367
346
2611984
326
217
169
231
362
335
389
385
366
2721985
344
224
174
240
379
349
406
400
381
2971986
359
232
178
248
391
360
419
416
397
2981987
374
243
186
259
403
373
435
429
405
3101988
385
249
196
266
414
383
450
453
419
3231989
399
259
204
276
427
394
472
472
431
3341990
412
269
209
285
449
407
486
489
457
3431991
426
277
213
291
467
415
498
507
469
3811992
440
276
212
290
479
422
503
522
483
3781993
459
282
214
297
491
436
517
542
492
3931994
467
286
221
300
500
439
537
566
501
3841995
479
292
231
306
510
451
550
582
514
3891996
490
298
240
312
520
463
559
594
535
3841997
503
306
252
321
540
481
579
607
558
3931998
523
319
268
339
572
502
597
620
592
4051999
549
341
281
363
592
518
611
652
604
4042000
576
361
297
383
609
549
625
669
620
4632001
596
375
305
394
630
576
657
693
638
4882002
608
381
305
399
646
591
668
706
674
5022003
620
387
311
402
662
594
687
723
708
5162004
638
390
309
406
683
604
713
743
725
5602005
651
397
318
411
696
610
731
748
742
5692006
671
409
324
423
718
621
748
773
765
5832007
695
424
337
450
738
643
769
790
803
6052008
722
443
349
467
761
666
804
822
825
6442009
739
442
344
464
774
678
817
838
841
6842010
747
432
347
454
782
682
824
844
860
6842011
756
440
352
457
797
693
837
866
881
7422012
768
444
356
464
815
707
858
878
897
7572013
776
454
373
472
827
708
874
883
904
8012014
791
477
378
491
839
726
881
899
911
8242015
809
487
389
501
860
735
900
923
927
8732016
832
501
405
513
885
751
934
955
952
8662017
860
519
424
540
907
773
964
977
974
9092018
886
548
449
576
932
808
986
1,002
994
9442019
917
581
481
598
969
846
1,035
1,033
1,017
936Women1979
$182
$154
$132
$161
$195
$199
$196
$192
$189
$1701980
201
167
145
175
213
218
214
209
205
1751981
219
180
154
191
233
239
238
225
222
1891982
239
192
158
201
255
258
258
252
245
2111983
252
198
158
207
268
272
272
264
257
2121984
265
203
162
213
283
285
292
279
270
2191985
277
211
166
221
296
296
307
292
285
2421986
291
219
170
231
308
306
319
308
296
2561987
303
227
172
242
321
316
337
324
308
2611988
315
235
184
251
335
327
354
339
317
2801989
328
246
197
260
351
340
370
357
333
2921990
346
254
198
269
369
356
390
377
348
3001991
366
266
205
280
387
371
407
398
363
3191992
380
267
205
280
400
382
418
417
376
3281993
393
273
205
289
415
395
435
440
395
3351994
399
276
211
290
421
397
448
450
398
3361995
406
275
215
291
428
403
453
464
403
3531996
418
284
223
298
444
415
463
481
420
3341997
431
292
240
306
462
427
482
495
433
3481998
456
305
249
319
485
451
498
516
476
3501999
473
324
266
343
497
470
503
534
492
3702000
493
344
283
366
516
493
521
564
508
3922001
512
353
288
375
543
512
547
587
536
3902002
529
367
295
385
568
530
571
602
574
4302003
552
371
299
387
584
546
590
609
601
4352004
573
375
293
391
599
561
608
625
615
4782005
585
381
304
396
612
573
621
644
639
4922006
600
395
305
413
627
583
645
659
658
5102007
614
409
318
426
646
597
668
677
679
5342008
638
420
322
445
670
623
682
707
711
5632009
657
424
323
445
687
634
709
712
727
6022010
669
422
336
439
704
648
731
730
736
6012011
684
421
328
438
718
662
734
744
749
6642012
691
416
330
429
727
666
747
746
766
6672013
706
423
350
442
740
665
767
761
779
6912014
719
451
357
468
752
679
781
780
780
7402015
726
450
364
468
761
690
804
799
784
7402016
749
486
388
500
784
705
839
836
812
7492017
770
499
402
514
810
724
860
855
856
7822018
789
522
421
546
830
750
876
876
853
8112019
821
540
427
563
865
788
920
904
880
815Men1979
$292
$196
$155
$211
$314
$295
$336
$338
$312
$2191980
313
208
162
224
339
314
367
367
345
2291981
340
218
168
237
372
340
397
396
377
2661982
364
225
170
244
393
358
422
419
399
3001983
379
223
168
242
407
371
442
444
416
3081984
392
231
174
250
422
382
471
470
439
3281985
407
241
183
258
443
394
487
489
467
3671986
419
246
186
264
463
402
499
506
484
3581987
434
257
196
275
477
412
510
520
495
3801988
449
262
205
279
487
421
517
549
509
3951989
468
271
209
290
500
434
542
569
521
3931990
481
282
218
298
512
449
560
591
546
4031991
493
285
219
300
523
458
576
612
563
4671992
501
284
218
297
536
466
581
634
579
4211993
510
288
221
303
555
476
596
653
586
4511994
522
294
228
307
576
479
617
671
603
4411995
538
303
244
315
588
490
624
685
623
4411996
557
307
251
321
599
499
632
698
643
4771997
579
317
262
338
615
515
651
713
669
4521998
598
334
281
357
639
544
677
732
699
4821999
618
356
291
379
668
577
702
763
725
4702000
641
375
306
395
693
598
728
771
735
5222001
670
391
319
408
720
617
754
799
760
5652002
679
391
312
410
732
627
759
807
802
5832003
695
398
321
412
744
628
775
834
827
6122004
713
400
318
417
762
639
804
857
843
6412005
722
409
330
422
771
644
822
853
855
6442006
743
418
348
435
797
661
836
897
902
6582007
766
443
357
472
823
687
873
909
933
6862008
798
461
369
481
857
704
915
944
943
7532009
819
458
356
479
873
715
916
967
965
7912010
824
443
355
468
874
714
915
954
979
7942011
832
455
370
470
886
717
935
979
997
8212012
854
468
373
482
910
738
957
994
1,005
8602013
860
479
390
492
912
744
956
994
1,011
9372014
871
493
392
507
922
755
964
1,011
1,021
9422015
895
510
407
522
947
770
983
1,040
1,064
1,0032016
915
512
419
523
969
794
1,007
1,075
1,102
9922017
941
547
459
570
996
821
1,062
1,103
1,098
1,0162018
973
575
471
592
1,026
862
1,101
1,137
1,137
1,0502019
1,007
607
506
623
1,070
897
1,149
1,169
1,166
1,066Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979-2019 annual averages [In current dollars]
Year
Total,16 yearsand older
White
Black orAfricanAmerican
Asian
HispanicorLatino ethnicityTotal1979
$241
$248
$199
-
$1941980
262
269
212
-
2091981
284
291
235
-
2231982
302
310
245
-
2401983
313
320
261
-
2501984
326
336
269
-
2591985
344
356
277
-
2701986
359
371
291
-
2771987
374
384
301
-
2851988
385
395
314
-
2901989
399
409
319
-
2981990
412
424
329
-
3041991
426
442
348
-
3121992
440
458
357
-
3211993
459
475
369
-
3311994
467
484
371
-
3241995
479
494
383
-
3291996
490
506
387
-
3391997
503
519
400
-
3511998
523
545
426
-
3701999
549
573
445
-
3852000
576
590
474
$615
3992001
596
610
491
639
4172002
608
623
498
658
4242003
620
636
514
693
4402004
638
657
525
708
4562005
651
672
520
753
4712006
671
690
554
784
4862007
695
716
569
830
5032008
722
742
589
861
5292009
739
757
601
880
5412010
747
765
611
855
5352011
756
775
615
866
5492012
768
792
621
920
5682013
776
802
629
942
5782014
791
816
639
953
5942015
809
835
641
993
6042016
832
862
678
1,021
6242017
860
890
682
1,043
6552018
886
916
694
1,095
6802019
917
945
735
1,174
706Women1979
$182
$184
$169
-
$1571980
201
203
185
-
1721981
219
221
206
-
1901982
239
242
217
-
2031983
252
254
232
-
2151984
265
268
241
-
2231985
277
281
252
-
2301986
291
294
264
-
2411987
303
307
276
-
2511988
315
318
288
-
2601989
328
334
301
-
2691990
346
353
308
-
2781991
366
373
323
-
2921992
380
387
335
-
3021993
393
401
348
-
3131994
399
408
346
-
3051995
406
415
355
-
3051996
418
428
362
-
3161997
431
444
375
-
3181998
456
468
400
-
3371999
473
483
409
-
3482000
493
502
429
$547
3662001
512
522
454
563
3882002
529
547
473
566
3972003
552
567
491
598
4102004
573
584
505
613
4192005
585
596
499
665
4292006
600
609
519
699
4402007
614
626
533
731
4732008
638
654
554
753
5012009
657
669
582
779
5092010
669
684
592
773
5082011
684
703
595
751
5182012
691
710
599
770
5212013
706
722
606
819
5412014
719
734
611
841
5482015
726
743
615
877
5662016
749
766
641
902
5862017
770
795
657
903
6032018
789
817
654
937
6172019
821
840
704
1,025
642Men1979
$292
$298
$227
-
$2191980
313
320
244
-
2341981
340
350
268
-
2511982
364
375
278
-
2691983
379
387
294
-
2741984
392
401
303
-
2871985
407
418
305
-
2961986
419
433
319
-
2991987
434
450
327
-
3061988
449
465
348
-
3081989
468
482
348
-
3151990
481
494
361
-
3181991
493
506
375
-
3231992
501
514
380
-
3391993
510
524
392
-
3461994
522
547
400
-
3431995
538
566
411
-
3501996
557
580
412
-
3561997
579
595
432
-
3711998
598
615
468
-
3901999
618
638
488
-
4062000
641
662
510
$685
4172001
670
689
529
732
4402002
679
702
524
756
4512003
695
715
555
772
4642004
713
732
569
802
4802005
722
743
559
825
4892006
743
761
591
882
5052007
766
788
600
936
5202008
798
825
620
966
5592009
819
845
621
952
5692010
824
850
633
936
5602011
832
856
653
970
5712012
854
879
665
1,055
5922013
860
884
664
1,059
5942014
871
897
680
1,080
6162015
895
920
680
1,129
6312016
915
942
718
1,151
6632017
941
971
710
1,207
6902018
973
1,002
735
1,241
7202019
1,007
1,036
769
1,336
747Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by educational attainment, 1979-2019 annual averages [In current dollars]
Year
Total, 25 years and older
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Some college or associate degree
Bachelor's degree and higherTotal1979
$265
$210
$249
$282
$3441980
286
222
266
304
3761981
308
240
286
324
4071982
327
248
302
351
4381983
343
256
311
363
4611984
362
263
323
382
4861985
379
270
333
399
5061986
391
278
344
409
5251987
403
284
356
421
5641988
414
288
368
430
5851989
427
297
375
452
6091990
449
303
386
476
6381991
467
307
397
489
6661992
479
311
403
484
6961993
491
314
415
494
7151994
500
307
421
499
7331995
510
309
432
508
7471996
520
317
443
518
7581997
540
321
461
535
7791998
572
337
479
558
8211999
592
346
490
580
8602000
609
362
505
596
8912001
630
382
520
617
9212002
646
388
535
629
9412003
662
396
554
639
9642004
683
401
574
661
9862005
696
409
583
670
1,0132006
718
419
595
692
1,0392007
738
428
604
704
1,0722008
761
453
618
722
1,1152009
774
454
626
726
1,1372010
782
444
626
734
1,1442011
797
451
638
739
1,1502012
815
471
652
749
1,1652013
827
472
651
748
1,1942014
839
488
668
761
1,1932015
860
493
678
762
1,2302016
885
504
692
779
1,2592017
907
520
712
798
1,2792018
932
553
730
826
1,3242019
969
592
746
856
1,367Women1979
$195
$152
$185
$211
$2641980
213
164
201
231
2901981
233
175
217
255
3181982
255
184
236
274
3461983
268
195
246
288
3691984
283
200
259
305
3901985
296
202
268
317
4141986
308
208
277
330
4361987
321
214
288
347
4661988
335
221
298
360
4851989
351
231
304
379
5071990
369
240
315
395
5351991
387
250
328
409
5621992
400
256
337
407
5941993
415
263
347
422
6111994
421
257
351
423
6341995
428
262
356
427
6441996
444
268
365
442
6571997
462
275
378
459
6721998
485
283
396
476
7071999
497
290
405
488
7402000
516
304
420
505
7562001
543
316
443
520
7862002
568
325
458
543
8092003
584
329
474
560
8322004
599
334
488
577
8602005
612
341
493
587
8832006
627
358
500
602
9052007
646
369
512
609
9322008
670
378
520
628
9552009
687
382
542
630
9702010
704
388
543
638
9862011
718
395
554
645
9982012
727
386
561
659
1,0012013
740
400
573
657
1,0432014
752
409
578
661
1,0492015
761
418
586
664
1,0642016
784
423
599
688
1,1012017
810
447
610
700
1,1312018
830
469
616
717
1,1452019
865
494
633
737
1,195Men1979
$314
$252
$308
$329
$3961980
339
267
327
358
4271981
372
286
356
389
4751982
393
293
374
411
5031983
407
301
388
422
5181984
422
308
399
446
5621985
443
314
407
472
5901986
463
321
416
485
6181987
477
324
423
497
6531988
487
332
437
503
6791989
500
346
450
517
7051990
512
349
459
542
7411991
523
349
470
563
7641992
536
351
479
555
7911993
555
356
487
572
8061994
576
342
496
587
8261995
588
347
507
596
8451996
599
357
516
604
8741997
615
365
535
621
8961998
639
383
559
643
9391999
668
395
580
665
9772000
693
406
591
691
1,0202001
720
419
609
723
1,0672002
732
421
617
731
1,0902003
744
429
628
740
1,1312004
762
446
645
761
1,1432005
771
455
652
766
1,1672006
797
469
678
796
1,2052007
823
481
689
810
1,2432008
857
497
709
830
1,2852009
873
500
716
835
1,3272010
874
486
710
845
1,3302011
886
488
720
840
1,3322012
910
508
735
857
1,3712013
912
500
732
858
1,3952014
922
517
751
872
1,3852015
947
520
759
883
1,4202016
969
551
769
896
1,4642017
996
584
797
917
1,4812018
1,026
607
819
951
1,5242019
1,070
644
844
991
1,573Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by age, 1979-2019 annual averages [In current dollars]
Year
Total,16 yearsandolder
16 to 24 years
25 years and olderTotal
16 to 19years
20 to 24years
Total
25 to 34years
35 to 44years
45 to 54years
55 to 64years
65 yearsandolderTotal1979
$4.44
$3.49
$3.10
$4.02
$5.11
$5.20
$5.29
$5.16
$4.97
$3.231980
4.82
3.71
3.22
4.29
5.55
5.66
5.76
5.65
5.39
3.561981
5.15
3.97
3.58
4.61
5.99
6.09
6.20
6.01
5.81
3.921982
5.40
4.05
3.60
4.66
6.28
6.35
6.61
6.42
6.11
4.121983
5.59
4.08
3.61
4.69
6.55
6.50
6.91
6.73
6.41
4.401984
5.83
4.18
3.65
4.82
6.84
6.77
7.17
7.08
6.62
4.631985
6.03
4.26
3.67
4.94
7.05
6.92
7.49
7.37
6.91
4.741986
6.20
4.41
3.71
5.06
7.23
7.01
7.79
7.73
7.17
4.971987
6.47
4.59
3.81
5.21
7.46
7.19
7.94
7.86
7.42
5.081988
6.73
4.79
4.03
5.38
7.74
7.43
8.17
8.16
7.48
5.231989
6.99
4.95
4.22
5.65
7.94
7.64
8.56
8.42
7.82
5.421990
7.23
5.16
4.49
5.91
8.16
7.90
8.82
8.79
8.02
5.751991
7.50
5.26
4.69
6.00
8.48
8.04
9.17
9.11
8.19
5.941992
7.72
5.37
4.73
6.03
8.73
8.17
9.38
9.52
8.48
6.141993
7.87
5.51
4.80
6.15
8.95
8.27
9.61
9.86
8.90
6.391994
8.01
5.62
4.91
6.22
9.12
8.38
9.92
10.02
9.02
6.391995
8.17
5.80
5.04
6.42
9.36
8.71
10.02
10.13
9.20
6.651996
8.40
5.94
5.17
6.69
9.62
8.82
10.14
10.24
9.39
6.771997
8.75
6.15
5.51
6.91
9.87
9.04
10.36
10.60
9.73
6.891998
9.10
6.58
5.88
7.24
10.13
9.65
10.86
10.96
10.08
7.401999
9.53
6.87
6.08
7.74
10.47
9.98
11.02
11.33
10.38
7.702000
9.91
7.24
6.41
8.07
10.88
10.18
11.35
11.82
10.82
8.052001
10.19
7.69
6.76
8.38
11.40
10.67
11.97
12.17
11.37
8.532002
10.47
7.81
6.91
8.47
11.83
10.98
12.18
12.46
11.85
9.072003
10.85
7.90
6.93
8.66
12.05
11.25
12.46
12.97
12.19
9.192004
11.00
7.98
7.00
8.78
12.23
11.37
12.89
13.23
12.58
9.622005
11.19
8.07
7.05
8.91
12.48
11.76
13.11
13.48
12.95
9.932006
11.76
8.24
7.23
9.16
12.94
11.95
13.49
14.03
13.33
10.152007
11.95
8.65
7.57
9.66
13.16
12.05
13.93
14.39
13.71
10.372008
12.23
8.87
7.84
9.76
13.81
12.50
14.38
14.87
14.20
10.892009
12.44
8.90
7.92
9.77
13.91
12.60
14.59
14.85
14.70
11.492010
12.50
8.90
8.00
9.53
13.98
12.53
14.61
14.98
14.89
11.552011
12.71
8.97
8.06
9.61
14.12
12.71
14.83
15.00
15.07
12.192012
12.80
9.05
8.10
9.70
14.25
12.82
14.86
15.07
15.39
12.212013
12.93
9.16
8.19
9.83
14.50
12.88
14.98
15.17
15.62
12.472014
13.14
9.55
8.43
9.98
14.80
13.13
15.11
15.39
15.36
13.022015
13.44
9.85
8.85
10.14
14.91
13.60
15.16
15.84
15.91
13.082016
14.00
10.12
9.20
10.79
15.13
14.00
15.77
16.29
16.20
13.772017
14.63
10.68
9.79
11.35
15.65
14.83
16.10
16.72
16.82
14.322018
14.99
11.16
10.03
11.96
16.11
15.10
16.94
17.02
17.26
14.352019
15.35
11.94
10.21
12.54
16.87
15.90
17.52
17.52
17.85
15.03Women1979
$3.62
$3.19
$3.03
$3.52
$3.90
$4.04
$3.97
$3.84
$3.75
$3.121980
3.95
3.45
3.14
3.79
4.24
4.44
4.29
4.23
4.08
3.381981
4.28
3.71
3.52
4.09
4.69
4.89
4.77
4.59
4.43
3.711982
4.61
3.78
3.55
4.19
5.02
5.19
5.08
4.95
4.80
3.931983
4.80
3.82
3.55
4.26
5.23
5.44
5.31
5.19
5.07
4.161984
4.97
3.93
3.59
4.36
5.48
5.60
5.61
5.51
5.27
4.371985
5.13
4.01
3.61
4.56
5.73
5.79
5.91
5.76
5.46
4.431986
5.33
4.11
3.65
4.71
5.95
5.95
6.13
5.99
5.75
4.731987
5.60
4.22
3.71
4.89
6.16
6.14
6.35
6.28
6.03
4.851988
5.84
4.48
3.91
5.05
6.44
6.36
6.76
6.59
6.08
5.121989
6.11
4.69
4.10
5.23
6.78
6.68
7.10
6.90
6.38
5.141990
6.44
4.95
4.35
5.57
7.07
7.01
7.37
7.16
6.73
5.451991
6.75
5.08
4.64
5.71
7.34
7.19
7.73
7.61
6.95
5.761992
6.96
5.16
4.69
5.77
7.65
7.45
7.99
7.94
7.20
5.971993
7.12
5.27
4.73
5.96
7.87
7.61
8.16
8.18
7.56
6.181994
7.25
5.32
4.83
5.98
8.05
7.78
8.44
8.46
7.82
6.241995
7.46
5.49
4.94
6.09
8.17
7.92
8.63
8.72
7.93
6.451996
7.73
5.68
5.09
6.26
8.43
8.06
8.89
8.94
8.07
6.451997
7.94
5.95
5.42
6.55
8.75
8.20
9.14
9.26
8.31
6.831998
8.23
6.24
5.78
6.93
9.13
8.80
9.66
9.78
8.85
7.211999
8.64
6.60
5.98
7.22
9.53
9.10
9.83
9.95
9.33
7.502000
9.06
7.00
6.23
7.80
9.89
9.69
10.03
10.18
9.84
7.872001
9.64
7.25
6.61
8.00
10.20
9.94
10.44
10.85
10.39
8.142002
9.89
7.45
6.80
8.11
10.71
10.12
10.98
11.18
10.81
8.732003
10.08
7.59
6.85
8.19
11.01
10.51
11.17
11.79
11.05
8.842004
10.17
7.71
6.86
8.32
11.23
10.62
11.45
11.95
11.57
9.162005
10.31
7.80
6.92
8.50
11.58
10.86
11.84
12.13
11.86
9.822006
10.65
7.99
7.11
8.82
11.87
11.07
12.05
12.26
12.12
9.972007
10.98
8.15
7.41
9.00
12.05
11.21
12.36
12.85
12.23
10.152008
11.49
8.43
7.71
9.16
12.48
11.72
12.89
13.16
13.00
10.532009
11.76
8.58
7.82
9.19
12.76
11.96
13.00
13.09
13.59
11.112010
11.83
8.62
7.91
9.08
12.88
12.04
13.12
13.50
13.68
11.182011
11.98
8.73
7.96
9.16
13.10
12.12
13.44
13.76
14.03
11.762012
11.99
8.78
8.02
9.17
13.17
12.15
13.46
13.80
14.36
11.842013
12.12
8.93
8.09
9.40
13.36
12.23
13.77
13.94
14.53
12.222014
12.18
9.14
8.29
9.77
13.50
12.25
14.00
14.14
14.19
12.472015
12.56
9.54
8.75
9.95
13.92
12.89
14.13
14.80
14.77
12.662016
13.01
10.00
9.07
10.25
14.23
13.08
14.75
14.97
15.10
13.022017
13.56
10.28
9.59
11.00
14.83
14.00
14.92
15.16
15.21
13.882018
14.06
10.93
9.91
11.68
15.04
14.64
15.22
15.20
15.62
13.772019
14.85
11.59
10.09
12.07
15.58
15.10
15.90
15.97
16.18
14.78Men1979
$5.65
$3.90
$3.19
$4.64
$6.69
$6.38
$7.12
$7.10
$6.59
$3.561980
6.10
4.10
3.37
4.92
7.22
6.93
7.81
7.78
7.24
3.791981
6.57
4.31
3.64
5.11
7.78
7.33
8.30
8.49
7.88
4.211982
6.85
4.38
3.66
5.12
8.08
7.67
8.89
8.88
8.14
4.461983
6.92
4.38
3.67
5.05
8.31
7.74
9.22
9.16
8.74
4.751984
7.12
4.57
3.72
5.16
8.60
7.88
9.51
9.69
8.86
4.911985
7.33
4.68
3.75
5.23
8.85
8.00
9.80
9.97
9.04
4.991986
7.59
4.79
3.82
5.43
9.02
8.03
9.99
10.15
9.54
5.181987
7.77
4.91
3.95
5.68
9.16
8.26
10.10
10.24
9.72
5.321988
7.91
5.03
4.14
5.79
9.38
8.41
10.22
10.69
9.74
5.521989
8.10
5.17
4.39
6.02
9.71
8.56
10.59
10.88
10.00
5.901990
8.27
5.44
4.64
6.18
9.84
8.83
10.73
11.13
10.17
6.081991
8.59
5.58
4.74
6.23
9.98
8.94
10.98
11.71
10.08
6.221992
8.67
5.65
4.80
6.24
10.06
9.02
10.93
12.02
10.39
6.451993
8.86
5.75
4.87
6.33
10.18
9.10
11.16
12.15
10.96
6.711994
9.00
5.88
4.98
6.56
10.29
9.10
11.50
12.10
11.06
6.641995
9.23
6.04
5.14
6.82
10.73
9.46
11.89
12.32
11.11
6.851996
9.52
6.17
5.25
6.99
10.78
9.70
11.91
12.40
11.15
7.041997
9.83
6.45
5.61
7.18
11.10
9.92
12.07
12.80
11.79
6.961998
10.06
6.91
5.98
7.78
11.72
10.22
12.48
13.04
12.22
7.741999
10.31
7.12
6.18
8.03
12.00
10.84
12.78
13.68
12.21
7.862000
10.81
7.63
6.64
8.39
12.24
10.97
13.14
13.90
12.81
8.312001
11.32
8.01
6.90
8.92
12.88
11.58
13.92
14.25
12.95
9.002002
11.64
8.05
7.02
8.88
13.05
11.89
13.96
14.40
13.38
9.782003
11.89
8.14
7.02
9.00
13.25
12.01
14.13
14.93
14.09
9.792004
12.02
8.21
7.15
9.07
13.74
12.03
14.60
15.11
14.54
9.902005
12.16
8.42
7.21
9.20
13.91
12.17
14.88
15.13
14.79
10.042006
12.68
8.79
7.43
9.75
14.27
12.63
15.06
16.04
15.04
10.722007
12.95
9.13
7.77
9.96
14.75
12.83
15.17
16.15
15.45
11.012008
13.46
9.24
7.98
10.00
15.03
13.47
16.02
16.82
15.90
11.502009
13.76
9.22
8.05
9.99
15.07
13.20
16.10
16.99
16.09
12.002010
13.76
9.21
8.09
9.90
15.04
13.10
15.83
16.89
16.45
11.922011
13.80
9.23
8.16
9.90
15.11
13.18
16.03
16.88
17.07
12.852012
13.88
9.44
8.19
9.97
15.17
13.28
16.05
16.99
17.28
13.032013
14.00
9.67
8.37
10.00
15.27
13.42
16.21
17.17
17.28
12.882014
14.39
9.89
8.63
10.15
15.76
14.08
16.55
17.41
17.46
13.982015
14.67
10.03
8.97
10.64
15.86
14.17
16.48
17.55
17.99
14.152016
14.96
10.24
9.48
11.15
16.25
14.83
17.20
18.03
18.05
14.782017
15.20
10.99
9.88
11.88
17.00
15.15
17.89
18.74
18.60
14.932018
16.01
11.74
10.15
12.18
17.76
15.87
18.44
18.99
19.56
14.902019
16.76
12.20
10.56
13.12
18.05
16.63
19.16
19.24
19.80
15.81Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979-2019 annual averages [In current dollars]
Year
Total,16 yearsandolder
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicityTotal1979
$4.44
$4.51
$4.11
-
$4.081980
4.82
4.88
4.44
-
4.441981
5.15
5.18
4.90
-
4.811982
5.40
5.47
5.06
-
5.011983
5.59
5.66
5.15
-
5.091984
5.83
5.90
5.36
-
5.271985
6.03
6.10
5.50
-
5.471986
6.20
6.28
5.80
-
5.651987
6.47
6.56
5.99
-
5.821988
6.73
6.81
6.15
-
5.951989
6.99
7.08
6.43
-
6.071990
7.23
7.33
6.81
-
6.281991
7.50
7.61
7.00
-
6.461992
7.72
7.82
7.06
-
6.651993
7.87
7.97
7.18
-
6.831994
8.01
8.11
7.29
-
6.931995
8.17
8.32
7.66
-
7.001996
8.40
8.57
7.76
-
7.171997
8.75
8.88
8.01
-
7.391998
9.10
9.22
8.39
-
7.921999
9.53
9.74
8.85
-
8.072000
9.91
9.96
9.34
$10.07
8.542001
10.19
10.26
9.78
10.75
9.062002
10.47
10.71
9.93
10.36
9.222003
10.85
10.97
10.15
11.12
9.762004
11.00
11.13
10.19
11.10
9.812005
11.19
11.48
10.17
12.01
9.952006
11.76
11.86
10.66
12.53
10.122007
11.95
12.08
10.89
12.22
10.242008
12.23
12.54
11.20
13.01
10.972009
12.44
12.66
11.64
13.16
11.042010
12.50
12.74
11.77
13.22
10.882011
12.71
12.91
11.79
13.35
11.052012
12.80
13.04
11.84
13.23
11.122013
12.93
13.15
11.90
13.62
11.252014
13.14
13.57
11.88
14.00
11.832015
13.44
13.87
12.06
14.19
12.042016
14.00
14.24
12.49
14.79
12.692017
14.63
14.89
12.90
15.06
13.162018
14.99
15.16
13.64
15.24
13.992019
15.35
15.85
14.66
16.13
14.86Women1979
$3.62
$3.62
$3.55
-
$3.441980
3.95
3.96
3.88
-
3.781981
4.28
4.28
4.19
-
4.101982
4.61
4.61
4.49
-
4.331983
4.80
4.81
4.72
-
4.421984
4.97
4.98
4.87
-
4.651985
5.13
5.14
5.04
-
4.821986
5.33
5.35
5.17
-
5.001987
5.60
5.62
5.40
-
5.111988
5.84
5.86
5.61
-
5.281989
6.11
6.13
5.88
-
5.531990
6.44
6.46
6.23
-
5.801991
6.75
6.76
6.55
-
5.981992
6.96
6.99
6.64
-
6.171993
7.12
7.16
6.87
-
6.311994
7.25
7.34
6.93
-
6.401995
7.46
7.54
7.12
-
6.601996
7.73
7.79
7.20
-
6.771997
7.94
8.00
7.59
-
6.821998
8.23
8.33
7.90
-
7.221999
8.64
8.73
8.13
-
7.462000
9.06
9.09
8.86
$9.77
7.892001
9.64
9.73
9.15
10.07
8.282002
9.89
9.94
9.45
10.10
8.542003
10.08
10.11
9.91
10.68
8.882004
10.17
10.21
9.93
10.57
9.042005
10.31
10.50
9.93
11.64
9.182006
10.65
10.77
10.11
11.95
9.502007
10.98
11.06
10.45
11.83
9.802008
11.49
11.70
10.78
12.25
10.072009
11.76
11.83
11.01
12.67
10.092010
11.83
11.88
11.20
12.41
10.112011
11.98
12.05
11.28
12.80
10.252012
11.99
12.08
11.23
12.75
10.212013
12.12
12.21
11.54
13.04
10.492014
12.18
12.38
11.57
13.23
10.722015
12.56
12.82
11.70
13.80
11.082016
13.01
13.20
12.09
14.07
11.792017
13.56
13.87
12.55
14.23
12.092018
14.06
14.27
13.02
14.95
12.802019
14.85
14.93
14.00
15.29
13.74Men1979
$5.65
$5.79
$4.89
-
$4.791980
6.10
6.23
5.18
-
5.031981
6.57
6.71
5.81
-
5.371982
6.85
6.98
5.97
-
5.731983
6.92
7.07
5.96
-
5.811984
7.12
7.26
6.16
-
6.041985
7.33
7.58
6.15
-
6.071986
7.59
7.78
6.57
-
6.191987
7.77
7.93
6.74
-
6.371988
7.91
8.06
6.94
-
6.511989
8.10
8.28
7.07
-
6.661990
8.27
8.55
7.37
-
6.741991
8.59
8.82
7.57
-
6.881992
8.67
8.89
7.62
-
6.991993
8.86
9.07
7.67
-
7.121994
9.00
9.21
7.92
-
7.171995
9.23
9.62
8.16
-
7.261996
9.52
9.79
8.18
-
7.621997
9.83
9.96
8.67
-
7.901998
10.06
10.18
9.09
-
8.241999
10.31
10.61
9.77
-
8.612000
10.81
10.95
9.98
$10.79
9.042001
11.32
11.61
10.18
11.84
9.672002
11.64
11.86
10.24
11.02
9.922003
11.89
12.03
10.81
11.89
10.032004
12.02
12.16
10.88
11.90
10.022005
12.16
12.47
10.90
12.75
10.192006
12.68
12.88
11.42
13.18
10.842007
12.95
13.22
11.57
13.22
11.072008
13.46
13.85
11.99
14.03
11.832009
13.76
13.95
12.27
14.01
11.922010
13.76
13.97
12.16
14.11
11.732011
13.80
14.02
12.06
14.25
11.812012
13.88
14.17
12.20
14.15
11.962013
14.00
14.24
12.16
14.24
11.992014
14.39
14.86
12.21
14.66
12.382015
14.67
14.93
12.66
14.87
12.922016
14.96
15.13
13.06
15.04
13.832017
15.20
15.79
13.34
16.65
14.372018
16.01
16.53
14.22
16.69
15.012019
16.76
17.10
14.98
17.22
15.25Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Technical Notes
     
The estimates in this report were obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), which provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment. The survey is conducted monthly for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau using a scientifically selected national sample of about 60,000 eligible households representing all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The survey data on earnings are based on one-fourth of the CPS monthly sample and are limited to wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers, both incorporated and unincorporated, are excluded from the data presented in this report.
The earnings comparisons in this report are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that can help explain earnings differences. This includes the direct comparisons of earnings levels among demographic groups and the women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios (that is, women’s earnings as a percentage of men’s) shown in the tables. For example, the overall ratio of women’s-to-men’s earnings for full-time workers presented here is not controlled for differences in important determinants of earnings such as age, occupation, and educational attainment. The earnings comparisons in this report are not restricted to workers with otherwise comparable characteristics and comparable jobs. Even controlling for one of the factors may not fully explain earnings differences. Comparisons of women’s and men’s earnings by detailed occupation, for example, are not simultaneously controlled for differences in key factors such as age, job skills and responsibilities, work experience, and specialization.
Material in this report is in the public domain and may be used without permission. Information in this report will be made available upon request to individuals with sensory impairments. Voice telephone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1 (800) 877-8339.
Concepts and definitions
The principal concepts and definitions used in this report are described briefly below.
*Wage and salary workers* are people age 16 and older who receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payments in kind, or piece rates on their sole or principal job. This group includes employees in both the public and private sectors. All self-employed workers are excluded whether or not their businesses are incorporated.
*Full-time workers* are defined for the purpose of these estimates as those who usually work 35 hours or more per week at their sole or principal job. The federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full- or part-time employment.
*Part-time workers*are defined for the purpose of these estimates as those who usually work fewer than 35 hours per week at their sole or principal job. The federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full- or part-time employment.
*Usual weekly earnings* reflect earnings before taxes and other deductions and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the case of multiple jobholders). Before 1994, respondents were asked how much they usually earned per week. Since January 1994, respondents have been asked to identify the easiest way for them to report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice monthly, monthly, annually, or other) and how much they usually earn in the reported time period. Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly are converted to a weekly equivalent. The term “usual” is determined by each respondent’s own understanding of the term. If the respondent asks for a definition of “usual,” interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months.
*Median earnings* reflect the midpoint in a given earnings distribution, with half of the workers having earnings above the median and the other half having earnings below the median. This applies to both usual weekly and hourly earnings estimates.
The BLS procedure for estimating the median of a weekly earnings distribution places each reported or calculated weekly earnings value into a $50-wide interval that is centered around a multiple of $50. Similarly, for hourly earnings, medians are calculated based on earnings distributions using $0.50-wide intervals that are centered around multiples of $0.50. In both cases, the median is calculated through the linear interpolation of the interval in which the median lies.
Changes over time in the medians for specific groups may not necessarily be consistent with the movements estimated for the overall median boundary. The most common reasons for this possible anomaly are as follows:
There could be a change in the relative weights of the subgroups. For example, the median earnings of 16- to 24-year olds, and 25 years and older may rise. However, if the lower earning 16- to 24-age group accounts for a greatly increased share of the total, the overall median could actually fall.
There could be a large change in the shape of the distribution of reported earnings, particularly near a median boundary. This change could be caused by survey observations that are clustered at rounded values, such as $700 or $800. An estimate lying in a $50-wide centered interval containing such a cluster tends to change more slowly than one in other intervals. Consider, for example, the calculation of the median for a multipeaked earnings distribution that shifts over time. As this distribution shifts, the median does not necessarily move at the same rate. Specifically, the median takes relatively more time to move through a frequently reported earnings interval, but once above the upper limit of such an interval, it can move relatively quickly to the next frequently reported interval. BLS procedures for estimating medians mitigate such irregular movements; however, users should be cautious of these effects when evaluating short-term changes in the medians and in ratios of the medians.*Workers paid hourly rates* are employed wage and salary workers who report that they are paid by the hour on their job. Typically, workers paid an hourly wage have made up approximately 60 percent of all wage and salary workers. Estimates of workers paid by the hour include both full- and part-time workers unless otherwise specified.
*Hourly earnings* data are for wage and salary workers who are paid by the hour and pertain to earnings from a person’s sole or principal job. Hourly earnings for hourly paid workers do not include overtime pay, commissions, or tips received.
*Workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage* include only workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and other nonhourly paid workers are excluded, even though some have earnings that, if converted to hourly rates, would be at or below the federal minimum wage.
The estimates of workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage in this report are based solely on whether the hourly wage they report (which does not include overtime pay, tips, or commissions) is at or below the federal minimum wage. Some respondents might round hourly earnings when answering survey questions. As a result, some workers might report having hourly earnings above or below the federal minimum wage when, in fact, they earn the minimum wage.
Some workers who reported earnings below the prevailing federal minimum wage may not be covered by federal or state minimum wage laws because of exclusions and exemptions in the statutes. Thus, the presence of workers with hourly earnings below the federal minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) or state statutes in cases where such standards apply. The CPS does not include questions on whether workers are covered by the minimum wage provisions of the FLSA or by individual state or local minimum wage laws.
The estimates presented in this report likely understate the actual number of workers with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage. BLS does not routinely estimate the hourly earnings of workers not paid by the hour because there are data quality concerns associated with constructing such an estimate.
Regular collection of earnings data in the basic CPS began in 1979. The prevailing federal minimum wage from 1979 to the present is as follows, with the last change occurring in 2009.
**Federal minimum wage**
**Effective date**$2.90
January 1, 1979$3.10
January 1, 1980$3.35
January 1, 1981$3.80
April 1, 1990$4.25
April 1, 1991$4.75
October 1, 1996$5.15
September 1, 1997$5.85
July 24, 2007$6.55
July 24, 2008$7.25
July 24, 2009When the minimum wage has increased during a given year, the annual average estimates of the number of minimum wage workers reflect both minimum wage levels in effect during the year. For example, data for 2007 reflect the number of workers who earned the federal minimum wage of $5.15 for January to July and the number of workers who earned the minimum wage of $5.85 for August to December.
*Race* is reported by the household survey respondent. In accordance with the Office of Management and Budget standards, White, Black or African American, and Asian are terms used to describe a person’s race. Beginning in 2003, people in these categories are those who selected that race group only. People who identify more than one race are tabulated separately in the category Two or More Races. Before 2003, people identified one group as their main race. For more information on the 2003 changes to questions on race, see “Revisions to the Current Population Survey Effective in January 2003.” Data for other race groups—American Indians and Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders—and for people of Two or More Races are included in totals but not separately identified in this report because the number of survey respondents is too small to develop estimates of acceptable reliability.
*Hispanic or Latino ethnicity* refers to people who identified themselves in the survey process as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. People who identify themselves as Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race and are included in estimates for the race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) in addition to being shown separately.
*Married, spouse present* refers to people in opposite-sex marriages living together in the same household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, on vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, or for other reasons.
*Other marital status* refers to people who are never married; widowed; divorced; separated; married, spouse absent; as well as people in same-sex marriages. Separated includes people with legal separations, those living apart with intentions of obtaining a divorce, and other people permanently or temporarily separated because of marital discord. Married, spouse absent, includes opposite-sex married people living apart because either the husband or wife was employed and living at a considerable distance from home, was serving away from home in the Armed Forces, had moved to another area, or had a different place of residence for any other reason except those listed in the separated definition above.
*Inflation-adjusted earnings* shown in this report use the Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) to convert current dollars to constant, or inflation-adjusted, dollars. BLS has made numerous improvements to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) over the years. Although these improvements make the CPI more accurate, the histories of official CPI series are not adjusted to reflect the improvements. Because many researchers need a historical series that measures price change consistently over time, BLS developed the CPI-U-RS to provide an estimate of the CPI that incorporates most of the methodological improvements made since 1978 into the entire series. For further information, see the CPI research series webpage.
This report uses the most recent version of the CPI-U-RS available at the time of production. Users should note that the CPI-U-RS is subject to periodic revision. As a result, the rate of inflation incorporated into the inflation-adjusted median earnings estimates in this report may differ from the rate used in previous reports in this series or in other publications.
Reliability
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.645 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
Readers should be aware that because of sampling error, apparent differences between estimates for two or more groups or categories may not be statistically significant, and therefore not meaningfully different from one another. Standard errors are shown with many of the median earnings estimates in this report to help readers evaluate differences in earnings estimates.
The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information on all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. Further information about the reliability of data from the CPS is available on the CPS Technical Documentation page of the BLS website.
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