J-A10008-19

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

ANTHONY DOVIDIO AND NANCY 

DOVIDIO, H/W, 

Appellant

v.

FROMMEYER CONSTRUCTION 

SERVICES, INC.; WHITELAND 

INVESTORS, LP; AND BERGEN OF 

WHITELAND, INC.

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 3050 EDA 2018

Appeal from the Order Entered August 23, 2018

In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Civil Division at 

No(s): 3905 April Term, 2018

BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J.E., LAZARUS, J., and OTT, J.

MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.: FILED MAY 22, 2019

Plaintiffs Anthony Dovidio and Nancy Dovidio (collectively, Dovidios), 

h/w, appeal from the trial court’s order sustaining Appellees’ preliminary 

objections on the basis of improper venue and transferring this negligence 

action from Philadelphia County to Chester County.1 After careful review, we 

affirm.

In April 2016, Anthony Dovidio (Dovidio) fell more than 15 feet from a 

ladder while painting the second-floor exterior of a building (project) located 

on West Lincoln Highway in Exton, Chester County, Pennsylvania. At the time 

____________________________________________

1 There is a right to appeal an interlocutory order granting a petition to transfer 

venue from one county to another. See Pa.R.A.P. 311(c); see also 

Goodman v. Pizzutillo, 682 A.2d 363, 367 (Pa. Super. 1996).
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of the accident, Dovidio was employed by Michael Bryne Painting, Inc. On 

April 24, 2018, the Dovidios, residents of Glenside, Montgomery County, 

Pennsylvania, filed a negligence action in Philadelphia County against the 

project’s general contractor and construction manager, Defendant Frommeyer 

Construction Services, Inc. (Frommeyer), and the property owners, 

Defendants Bergan of Whiteland, Inc., and Whiteland Investors, L.P. 

(collectively, Whiteland). The complaint alleged Frommeyer, a company that 

provides commercial general contracting services, regularly conducts business 

in Philadelphia County. The Dovidios filed an amended complaint on June 11,

2018. On June 19, 2018, Defendant Frommeyer filed preliminary objections, 

see Pa.R.C.P. 1006(e), asserting that Chester County, not Philadelphia 

County, is the proper venue for the action where “Defendants do not regularly 

conduct business in Philadelphia and all conduct complained of by the Plaintiffs 

occurred in Chester County, not Philadelphia.” Defendant’s Preliminary 

Objections, 6/19/18, at ¶ 6.2 

The Dovidios filed motions opposing Defendant’s preliminary objections. 

On July 23, 2018, the trial court entered an order scheduling “an argument 

and evidence proceeding, limited solely to the issue of venue.” On August 17, 

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2 Because the Dovidios assert that venue properly lies in Philadelphia County 

based on the regular business that Frommeyer conducts in that county, we 

have confined our review solely to Defendant Frommeyer as it relates to the 

issue of transfer of venue on appeal.
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2018, the Dovidios deposed Christopher Frommeyer (Christopher), the thenacting president of Frommeyer, who averred that his company provides labor, 

supervision, instruction and services on construction projects. Christopher 

testified that in 20143 and 2016, Frommeyer had contracted, started, and 

completed three projects in Philadelphia. Deposition of Christopher 

Frommeyer, 8/17/18, at 13, 15. Christopher also testified that between 2015 

to 2018, Frommeyer sporadically used five Philadelphia-based subcontractors, 

out of hundreds of its other subcontractors, for demolition projects; however, 

none of those projects took place in Philadelphia. Id. at 52, 75. Christopher 

testified that from 2011 to 2018,4 Frommeyer performed a total of 

approximately 600 jobs, and that three of those jobs took place in Philadelphia 

County. Id. at 69. Finally, Christopher testified that the total contracted 

value for all jobs from 2011 to 2018 was approximately $33 million. Id. at 

72.

On August 22, 2018, the trial court held argument on the motion to 

transfer and received additional evidence from the parties. On August 23, 

2018, the trial court entered its order granting Defendants’ preliminary 

____________________________________________

3 Christopher Frommeyer testified at his deposition that the two 2014 

Philadelphia projects took place in Center City, were completed in the 2014 

calendar year, and required one employee each on site. Deposition of 

Christopher Frommeyer, 8/17/18, at 17, 19-20. One of the projects entailed 

finishing walls and the other project involved the replacement of the exterior 

doors of a building. Id. at 18.

4 From 2013-2018, the total value of Frommeyer’s projects was approximately 

$29 million. Deposition of Christopher Frommeyer, 8/17/18, at 81.
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objections and transferring venue to Chester County. The Dovidios filed a 

timely notice of appeal and court-ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise 

statement of errors complained of on appeal. On appeal, the Dovidios raise 

the following issues for our consideration:

(1) Whether the trial court abused its discretion, misapplied the 

law, and/or acted in a manifestly unreasonable manner 

when it found the Defendant Frommeyer Construction 

Service’s business contacts with its Philadelphia-based 

subcontractors were not of sufficient “quality” so as to be 

considered essential to Frommeyer’s business purpose as a 

general contractor.

(2) Whether the trial court abused its discretion, misapplied the 

law, and/or acted in a manifestly unreasonable manner 

when it found that Defendant Frommeyer Construction 

Service’s business contacts with Philadelphia County were 

not of sufficient quantity so as to be considered general or 

habitual.

(3) Whether the trial court abused its discretion, misapplied the 

law, and/or acted in a manifestly unreasonable manner in 

granting Defendants’ [m]otion to [t]ransfer [v]enue for 

[i]mproper [v]enue when it found that Defendant 

Frommeyer Construction Service, Inc., did not “regularly 

conduct business” in Philadelphia County when it served as 

a general contractor on projects in Philadelphia, utilized 

Philadelphia-based subcontractors, and ordered 

construction materials and business supplies from 

Philadelphia businesses?

Appellants’ Brief, at 8.5 

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5 The Dovidios issues can be consolidated to one main issue; thus, we will 

address them together.
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In Wentzel v. Cammarano, 166 A.3d 1265 (Pa. Super. 2017), our 

Court reiterated the scope of review of a trial court’s order granting a transfer 

of venue:

A trial court’s decision to transfer venue will not be disturbed 

absent an abuse of discretion. A plaintiff’s choice of forum is to 

be given great weight, and the burden is on the party challenging 

the choice to show it was improper.[6] However, a plaintiff’s choice 

of venue is not absolute or unassailable. Indeed, if there exists 

any proper basis for the trial court’s decision to grant a petition to 

transfer venue, the decision must stand.

Id. at 1268, citing Jackson v. Laidlaw Transit, Inc. & Laidlaw Transit PA, 

Inc., 822 A.2d 56, 47 (Pa. Super. 2003) (citations, quotations, and quotation 

marks omitted). 

Venue is the place in which a particular action is to be brought and 

determined; it is a matter for the convenience of the litigants. County 

Constr. Co. v. Livengood Constr. Co., 142 A.2d 9 (Pa. 1958). Venue over 

an action involving a corporation is governed by Pa.R.C.P. 1006 and Pa.R.C.P. 

2179, which state, in pertinent part:

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6 The Dovidios assert that the trial court came to the erroneous conclusion 

that venue was improper in Philadelphia County improperly weighing the 

evidence in the light most favorable to Frommeyer, the moving party. This, 

however, is the incorrect standard. It is well-established that “[t]he moving 

party[,here Defendants,] has the burden of supporting [their] objections to 

the court’s jurisdiction. Once the plaintiff[s] ha[ve] produced some evidence 

to support jurisdiction, the [D]efendant[s] must come forward with some 

evidence of [their] own to dispel or rebut the plaintiff[s’] evidence. . . . If an 

issue of fact is raised, the court shall take evidence by deposition or 

otherwise.” Deyarmin v. CONRAIL, 931 A.2d 1, 10 (Pa. Super. 2007) 

(emphasis in original).
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Rule 1006. Venue. Change of Venue

* * *

(b) Actions against the following defendants, except as 

otherwise provided in subdivision (c), may be brought in and 

only in the counties designated by the following rules: 

political subdivisions, Rule 2103; partnerships, Rule 2130; 

unincorporated associations, Rule 2156; corporations and 

similar entities, Rule 2179.

Pa.R.C.P. 1006(b) (emphasis added). Rule 2179 provides:

(a) Except as otherwise provided by an Act of Assembly, by Rule 

1006(a.1) or by subdivision (b) of this rule, a personal action 

against a corporation or similar entity may be brought in and only 

in

(1) the county where its registered office or principal place 

of business is located;

(2) a county where it regularly conducts business;

(3) the county where the cause of action arose; or

(4) a county where a transaction or occurrence took place 

out of which the cause of action arose.

Pa.R.C.P. 2179 (emphasis added). 

In determining whether a corporation regularly conducts business in a 

county, our courts “employ a quality-quantity analysis.” Zampana-Berry v. 

Donaghue, 921 A.2d 500, 503 (Pa. Super. 2007). A business entity must 

perform acts in a county of sufficient quality and quantity before venue in that 

county will be established. Id. Only direct acts are included in the “regularly

conducted business” analysis; a single act is not enough. Purcell v. Bryn 

Mawr Hosp., 579 A.2d 1282, 1285 (Pa. 1990). The test for whether a 

corporation “regularly conducts business” in a particular county under Rule 

2179(a)(2) is not whether the corporate acts within the county related to the 
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particular action sued upon, but rather, the nature of the corporate acts within 

a particular county and how those acts relate to accomplishment of the general 

corporate objective. Id. Each case rests on its own facts, which are derived 

from the parties’ pleadings and any other evidence of record. Id. at 1286; 

Pa.R.C.P. No. 1028(c)(2) (allowing court to consider evidence by depositions 

or otherwise). “Quality of acts” means “those directly, furthering or 

essential to, corporate objects; they do not include incidental acts.” Purcell, 

579 A.2d at 1285. Quantity means those acts which are “so continuous and 

sufficient to be general or habitual.” Id. 

The Dovidios claim that Frommeyer’s actions in Philadelphia are of 

sufficient quality and quantity to establish venue in Philadelphia County. To 

support this claim, the Dovidios assert that “Frommeyer’s longstanding and 

continual use of Philadelphia-based subcontractors on its construction jobs 

directly furthers or is essential to its business objective” and that “Frommeyer 

served as a general contractor on multiple projects in Philadelphia in 2014 and 

2016, utilized Philadelphia-based subcontractors on its projects from 2013 

through 2018, and ordered construction materials and business supplies from 

Philadelphia business in furtherance of its business as a general contractor.” 

Appellants’ Brief, at 22-23. We agree with the trial court that the Dovidios 

have failed to provide sufficient evidence to show that Defendants regularly 

conduct business in Philadelphia County. 

The facts of record establish that Defendant Frommeyer Construction 

Services is a Pennsylvania corporation that has its principal place of business 
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in Malvern, Chester County. See Deposition of Christopher Frommeyer, 

5/21/18, at ¶ 3. Frommeyer does not have any registered offices in 

Philadelphia County. Id. at ¶ 4. Frommeyer used five Philadelphia-based 

subcontractors from 2011 to 2018, none of whom worked on jobs located in 

Philadelphia County. Frommeyer completed and supervised two Philadelphiabased jobs in 2014 and one in 2016, which accounted for approximately 

6.39% of its total completed projects from 2013 to 2018. Between 2013 and 

2018, Frommeyer’s payments to the five designated Philadelphia-based 

subcontractors accounted for approximately 7.52% of its total payments to

the hundreds of subcontractors it used. Moreover, Frommeyer’s three 

Philadelphia-based jobs (from 2014 and 2016) garnered approximately 6.39% 

of the company’s total revenue for jobs for years 2013 to 2018. 

Ultimately, the trial court found that Frommeyer’s hiring of the 

Philadelphia-based subcontractors and total Philadelphia-based jobs (two in 

2014 and one in 2016) were “incidental” to its business purpose. The court 

concluded that based on evidence presented at the venue hearing, Frommeyer 

had not worked on any projects in Philadelphia for at least 18 months prior to 

the Dovidios filing the instant action. See Trial Court Opinion, 11/27/18, at 

6. Moreover, the court found that the Dovidios did not meet the “quantity” 

prong of the Purcell test where any Philadelphia-based subcontractors 

Frommeyer used were for projects conducted outside Philadelphia and where 

the supplies it ordered from Philadelphia suppliers were also used on jobs 
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outside of Philadelphia. Under such facts, the court found that Frommeyer 

did not “regularly conduct business” in Philadelphia. We agree.

While Frommeyer’s contacts in Philadelphia County may satisfy the 

“quality” prong of the Purcell test, based on a comprehensive review of the 

record, Frommeyer’s actions in Philadelphia County from 2011 to 2018 were 

not “sufficiently continuous so as to be considered habitual.” ZampanaBarry, supra. In 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2017 and 2018, Frommeyer had 

no jobs in Philadelphia and, thus, generated no revenue relating to 

Philadelphia in those years. Frommeyer’s limited contacts with Plaintiff’s 

chosen venue clearly did not meet the “quantity” prong of Purcell. 

Sporadic use of a handful of Philadelphia-based subcontractors for jobs 

outside of Philadelphia County, purchasing supplies from Philadelphia-based 

vendors, and performing three Philadelphia-based jobs over a seven-year 

period does suffice to not confer venue in Philadelphia County. Accordingly, 

we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in transferring 

venue of the case to Chester County – where Plaintiff’s accident occurred, 

Plaintiffs are residents, and where Defendant’s principle place of business is

located. Wentzel, supra (“[I]f there exists any proper basis for the trial 

court’s decision to grant a petition to transfer venue, the decision must 

stand.”).

Order affirmed.
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Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 5/22/19