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November 2017 
                    Report 1071

				 
			


		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		


















































































																																								



				 
                
                BLS Reports Menu
                    CONTENTS
                        Selected demographic characteristics
Educational attainment
Occupation and industry
Earnings
Hours of work
Married-couple families
The working poor
Worker displacement
Employee Tenure
School Enrollment
Multiple jobholders and the self-employed
Foreign born
Union membership
Veterans
Women with disabilities
 
                          Statistical Tables 
						  Table 1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, by...Table 2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, 16...Table 3. Employment status, by age, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino...Table 4. Employment status, by marital status and gender, 2016 annual...Table 5. Employment status, by gender, presence and age of children, race,...Table 6. Employment status of women, by presence and age of children,...Table 7. Employment status of women, by presence and age of children,...Table 8. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, 25...Table 9A. Percent distribution of the civilian labor force, 25 to 64 years...Table 9B. Percent distribution of the civilian labor force, 25 to 64 years...Table 10. Employed people, by occupation and gender, 2015 and 2016 annual...Table 11. Employed people, by detailed occupation, 2016 annual averages ...Table 12. Employed women, by occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino...Table 13. Employed people, by industry and gender, 2015 and 2016 annual...Table 14. Employed people, by detailed industry, 2016 annual averages ...Table 15. Employed women, by industry, race, and Hispanic or Latino...Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary...Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary...Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary...Table 19. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary...Table 20. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or...Table 21. Employed people, by full- and part-time status and gender, 1968...Table 22. Average weekly hours at work in all industries and in...Table 23. Work experience of the population, by gender and full- and...Table 24A. Married-couple families, by number and relationship of earners,...Table 24B. Married-couple families, by number and relationship of earners,...Table 25. Contribution of wives' earnings to family income, 1970–2015Table 26. Wives who earn more than their husbands, 1987–2015 (Numbers in...Table 27. Working poor: Poverty status of people in the labor force for 27...Table 28. Displaced workers, by age, gender, race, Hispanic or Latino...Table 29. Employed wage and salary workers, by age, gender, and median...Table 30. Labor force status of 2016 high school graduates and 2015–16...Table 31. Labor force status of people, 16 to 24 years old, by school...Table 32. Multiple jobholders and multiple jobholding rates, by gender,...Table 33. Unincorporated self-employed people in nonagricultural...Table 34. Employment status of the native-born and foreign-born civilian...Table 35. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers, by gender...Table 36. Employment status of people, 18 years and older, by veteran...Table 37. Employment and disability status of people, by gender and age,...
                          Technical Notes
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     Women in the labor force: a databook
Women in the labor force: a databook imageThe rapid rise in women’s labor force participation was a major development in the labor market during the second half of the 20th century. Women’s labor force participation increased dramatically from the 1960s through the 1980s, before slowing in the 1990s. After reaching a peak of 60.0 percent in 1999, labor force participation among women began a gradual decline. In 2016, 56.8 percent of all women participated in the labor force.There have been a number of notable changes over this period with regards to women’s involvement in the labor market. Women now are more likely to work full time and year round than in earlier decades and attain higher levels of education. The proportion of women ages 25 to 64 in the labor force who held a college degree more than tripled from 1970 to 2016, increasing from 11 percent to 42 percent; the proportion of men with a college degree about doubled over that time. Women’s earnings as a proportion of men’s earnings also have grown over time. In 1979, women working full time earned 62 percent of what men earned; in 2016, women’s earnings were 82 percent of men’s.This report presents historical and recent labor force and earnings data for women and men from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a national monthly survey of approximately 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Unless otherwise noted, data are annual averages from the CPS. (For a detailed description of the source of the data and an explanation of concepts and definitions used, see the technical notes at the end of this report.)Selected demographic characteristicsWomen’s labor force participation was 56.8 percent in 2016, little changed from 56.7 percent in 2015. Men’s labor force participation, which always has been much higher than that for women, also was little changed at 69.2 percent in 2016. (See table 2.)In 2016, the unemployment rate for women was 4.8 percent, down 0.4 percentage point from a year earlier. The rate for men was 4.9 percent in 2016, down 0.5 percentage point from a year earlier. Women’s jobless rates varied by race and ethnicity. Asian women had the lowest rate (3.9 percent), followed by White (4.2 percent), Hispanic or Latino (6.3 percent), and Black or African American (7.8 percent) women; men’s jobless rates exhibit this same pattern. (See tables 2 and 3.)Labor force participation varies by marital status and differs between women and men. Divorced women had a higher labor force participation rate than married women, 62.5 percent versus 57.9 percent in 2016. By contrast, married men were more likely to participate in the labor force (73.1 percent) than divorced men (66.0 percent). (See table 4.)The labor force participation rate of all women with children under 18 years of age was 70.8 percent in March 2016, up from 69.9 percent in 2015. Among mothers, the labor force participation rate was higher for those with children 6 to 17 years old than for those with younger children. In March 2016, the rate for women with children 6 to 17 years old was 75.0 percent. The rate for those with children under 6 years old was 65.3 percent, and the rate for women with children under 3 years old was lower, at 63.1 percent. (See tables 5 and 7; data were collected in the 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the CPS.)Unmarried mothers are more likely to participate in the labor force than married mothers. In March 2016, 75.9 percent of unmarried mothers with children under 18 years old were in the labor force, compared with 68.6 percent of married mothers with children in the same age range. (See table 6; data were collected in the 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the CPS.)Educational attainmentThe educational attainment of women ages 25 to 64 in the labor force has risen substantially over the past 45 years. In 2016, 42 percent of these women held a Bachelor’s degree and higher, compared with 11 percent in 1970. In 2016, 6 percent of women had less than a high school diploma—that is, did not graduate from high school or earn a GED—down from 34 percent in 1970. (See tables 9A and 9B)Occupation and industryIn 2016, women accounted for 52 percent of all workers employed in management, professional, and related occupations, somewhat more than their share of total employment (47 percent). The share of women in specific occupations within this large category varied. For example, 20 percent of software developers, 27 percent of chief executives, and 38 percent of physicians and surgeons were women, whereas 90 percent of registered nurses, 79 percent of elementary and middle school teachers, and 61 percent of accountants and auditors were women. (See table 11.)Asian and White women were more likely to work in higher paying management, professional, and related occupations (51 percent and 44 percent, respectively) in 2016 than were Black (35 percent) and Hispanic (27 percent) women. Meanwhile, Hispanic (32 percent) and Black (29 percent) women were more likely than Asian and White women (20 percent each) to work in lower paying service occupations. (See table 12.)In 2016, women accounted for more than half of all workers within several industry sectors: financial activities (52 percent), education and health services (75 percent), leisure and hospitality (51 percent), and other services (52 percent). However, women were substantially underrepresented (relative to their share of total employment) in agriculture (25 percent), mining (13 percent), construction (9 percent), manufacturing (29 percent), and transportation and utilities (24 percent). (See table 14.)EarningsIn 2016, women who worked full time in wage and salary jobs had median usual weekly earnings of $749, which represented 82 percent of men’s median weekly earnings ($915). Among women, earnings were higher for Asians ($902) and Whites ($766) than for Blacks ($641) and Hispanics ($586). Women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios were higher for Blacks and Hispanics (89 percent and 88 percent, respectively) than for Whites (81 percent) and Asians (78 percent). (See table 16; note that the comparisons of earnings in this report are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that may be important in explaining earnings differences.)In 2016, female full-time wage and salary workers age 25 and older with only a high school diploma had median usual weekly earnings of $599, which represented 83 percent of the earnings of women with an associate’s degree ($720) and 54 percent of the earnings of women with a bachelor’s degree and higher ($1,101). (See table 17.)Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers were the highest in 2016 for female chief executives ($1,876), pharmacists ($1,839), and nurse practitioners ($1,753). Earnings for men were highest for chief executives ($2,419), physicians and surgeons ($2,343), and architectural and engineering managers ($2,265). (See table 18.)In 2016, 3 percent of all women paid at an hourly rate had earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage ($7.25 per hour). Among women 25 years and older who were paid at an hourly rate, 2 percent had earnings at or below the minimum wage, compared with 8 percent of women ages 16 to 24. (See table 20.)Hours of workIn 2016, 25 percent of employed women usually worked part time—that is, less than 35 hours per week. The percentage of employed women working part time has not changed much over the past 5 decades. In comparison, 12 percent of employed men usually worked part time in 2016. This rate for men has gradually trended up over time, leveling off in recent years. (See table 21.)Of all women who worked at some point during calendar year 2015, 61 percent worked full time and year round, compared with 41 percent in 1970. The proportion of men who worked full time and year round also rose over the period, from 66 percent in 1970 to 74 percent in 2015. (See table 23; data were collected in the 1971 and 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplements to the CPS and reflect earnings and work experience in the previous calendar year.)Married-couple familiesAmong married-couple families, 54 percent had earnings from both the wife and the husband in 2015, compared with 44 percent in 1967. Couples in which only the husband worked represented 19 percent of married-couple families in 2015, versus 36 percent in 1967. (See table 24B; data were collected in the 1968 and 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplements to the CPS and reflect earnings and work experience in the previous calendar year.)In 2015, working wives contributed 37 percent of their families’ incomes, up by 10 percentage points from 1970, when wives’ earnings accounted for 27 percent of their families’ total income. The proportion of wives earning more than their husbands has grown also. In 1987, 18 percent of working wives earned more than their working spouses; in 2015, 29 percent of wives earned more than their husbands. (See tables 25 and 26; data were collected in the 1971, 1988, and 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplements to the CPS and reflect earnings and work experience in the previous calendar year.)The working poorAmong people who were in the labor force for at least 27 weeks in 2015, more women (4.5 million) than men (4.1 million) lived below the official poverty level. The working-poor rate (the ratio of the working poor to all individuals who were in the labor force for at least 27 weeks) was 6.3 percent for women and 5.0 percent for men. Black and Hispanic women were considerably more likely than White or Asian women to be among the working poor. The working-poor rates for Black and Hispanic women were 13.3 percent and 10.8 percent, respectively, compared with 5.2 percent for White women and 3.7 percent for Asian women. (See table 27; data are from the 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the CPS and reflect earnings and work experience in the previous calendar year.)Worker displacementFrom January 2013 through December 2015, 3.2 million workers age 20 and older were displaced from jobs they had held for at least 3 years; women accounted for 44 percent of those displaced. Labor market outcomes were similar for displaced women and men. Displaced women were about as likely as men to have found a new job in January 2016: the reemployment rate for women was 64 percent and 67 percent for men. Displaced women and men were equally likely to be unemployed in January 2016, at 16 percent. About 20 percent of displaced women and 18 percent of displaced men had left the labor force in January 2016. (See table 28.) (Data are from the January 2016 Displaced Worker, Employee Tenure, and Occupational Mobility Supplement to the CPS.)Employee TenureIn January 2016, median employee tenure (the point at which half of all workers had more tenure and half had less tenure) for women declined to 4.0 years from 4.5 years in January 2014. For men, median tenure also declined; it was 4.3 years in January 2016, compared with 4.7 years in January 2014. (See table 29.) (Data are from the January 2016 Displaced Worker, Employee Tenure, and Occupational Mobility Supplement to the CPS.)School EnrollmentOf the 3.1 million youth ages 16 to 24 who graduated from high school between January and October 2016, about 70 percent (2.2 million) were enrolled in college in October. For 2016 high school graduates, the college enrollment rate was 72 percent for young women and 67 percent for young men. (See table 30.) (Data are from the October 2016 School Enrollment Supplement to the CPS.)Among high school students, female students were more likely to be in the labor force (23.5 percent) in October 2016 than their male counterparts (18.1 percent). Among college students, labor force participation rates were similar for women and men (48.3 percent and 47.0 percent, respectively). (See table 31.) (Data are from the October 2016 School Enrollment Supplement to the CPS.)Among youth ages 16 to 24 not enrolled in school in October 2016, the unemployment rates for those who did not have a high school diploma were 20.7 percent for young women and 24.0 percent for young men. In contrast, the jobless rates of young women and men with at least a bachelor's degree were 5.1 percent and 8.3 percent, respectively.Multiple jobholders and the self-employedIn 2016, 7.5 million people worked more than one job, slightly more than half of whom were women (3.9 million). The multiple jobholding rate for women, at 5.5 percent, was higher than that for men, at 4.5 percent. (See table 32.)In 2016, 4.8 percent of working women in nonagricultural industries were self-employed, compared with 6.8 percent of their male counterparts. Among the self-employed, 39 percent were women in 2016, compared with 27 percent in 1976. (See table 33.)Foreign bornForeign-born women were less likely than native-born women to be in the labor force in 2016 (53.4 percent, compared with 57.5 percent). By contrast, foreign-born men were more likely to be in the labor force (77.8 percent) than native-born men (67.5 percent). Among women, unemployment rates were similar for the foreign-born and native born in 2016 (5.1 percent and 4.7 percent, respectively). At 3.8 percent, the unemployment rate for foreign-born men was lower than that of native-born men (5.2 percent). (See table 34.)Union membershipIn 2016, 10.2 percent of female wage and salary workers were members of unions, compared with 11.2 percent for their male counterparts. For both men and women, the union membership rate in 2016 was lower than in 1983, but the rate has fallen much more for men over the 1983–2015 period. In 1983, union membership rates were 24.7 percent for men and 14.6 percent for women. (See table 35.)VeteransThere were 1.2 million female veterans in the labor force in 2016. This represented about 12 percent of the 10.6 million veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces in the labor force. The unemployment rate for female veterans, at 5.0 percent in 2016, was similar to that of male veterans, at 4.2 percent. (See table 36.)Women with disabilitiesOf the 16.0 million women with disabilities in 2016, 2.7 million, or 16.9 percent, participated in the labor force. About half of women with disabilities were age 65 and older; labor force participation among this age group was 5.5 percent, compared with 28.3 percent for those ages 16 to 64. Among people with a disability, the unemployment rate for women was 11.0 percent and that for men was 10.1 percent, more than twice the rates of women and men without a disability (4.6 percent and 4.7 percent, respectively). (See table 37.)		
	
	 
	 Statistical Tables
        
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        


Table 1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, by age and gender, 2016 annual averages (Number in thousands)

Age
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Not in labor forceTotal
Percentage of population
Employed
UnemployedTotal
Percentage of population
Total
Percentage of labor force**Total**16 years and older
253,538
159,187
62.8
151,436
59.7
7,751
4.9
94,35116 to 19 years
16,714
5,889
35.2
4,965
29.7
925
15.7
10,82416 to 17 years
8,994
2,127
23.6
1,747
19.4
380
17.9
6,86718 to 19 years
7,720
3,763
48.7
3,218
41.7
545
14.5
3,95720 to 24 years
21,721
15,313
70.5
14,027
64.6
1,286
8.4
6,40825 to 54 years
125,761
102,248
81.3
98,004
77.9
4,244
4.2
23,51325 to 34 years
43,547
35,519
81.6
33,722
77.4
1,797
5.1
8,02725 to 29 years
22,265
18,100
81.3
17,088
76.7
1,012
5.6
4,16530 to 34 years
21,282
17,420
81.9
16,634
78.2
786
4.5
3,86235 to 44 years
39,817
32,820
82.4
31,562
79.3
1,258
3.8
6,99735 to 39 years
20,394
16,784
82.3
16,121
79.0
663
4.0
3,61040 to 44 years
19,422
16,036
82.6
15,441
79.5
594
3.7
3,38745 to 54 years
42,397
33,909
80.0
32,720
77.2
1,189
3.5
8,48945 to 49 years
20,703
16,910
81.7
16,298
78.7
611
3.6
3,79350 to 54 years
21,694
16,999
78.4
16,421
75.7
577
3.4
4,69655 to 64 years
41,308
26,465
64.1
25,524
61.8
941
3.6
14,84355 to 59 years
21,804
15,584
71.5
15,031
68.9
553
3.6
6,22060 to 64 years
19,504
10,881
55.8
10,493
53.8
388
3.6
8,62365 years and older
48,035
9,272
19.3
8,916
18.6
355
3.8
38,76365 to 69 years
16,671
5,367
32.2
5,168
31.0
199
3.7
11,30570 to 74 years
11,765
2,254
19.2
2,165
18.4
88
3.9
9,51175 years and older
19,599
1,651
8.4
1,583
8.1
68
4.1
17,947**Women**16 years and older
131,040
74,432
56.8
70,868
54.1
3,564
4.8
56,60816 to 19 years
8,239
2,894
35.1
2,481
30.1
413
14.3
5,34516 to 17 years
4,485
1,099
24.5
922
20.6
177
16.1
3,38618 to 19 years
3,754
1,795
47.8
1,559
41.5
236
13.2
1,95920 to 24 years
10,823
7,359
68.0
6,815
63.0
545
7.4
3,46425 to 54 years
63,950
47,522
74.3
45,490
71.1
2,032
4.3
16,42825 to 34 years
21,976
16,369
74.5
15,537
70.7
832
5.1
5,60825 to 29 years
11,198
8,439
75.4
7,985
71.3
455
5.4
2,75830 to 34 years
10,779
7,929
73.6
7,553
70.1
377
4.8
2,85035 to 44 years
20,303
15,134
74.5
14,520
71.5
614
4.1
5,16935 to 39 years
10,378
7,692
74.1
7,362
70.9
330
4.3
2,68640 to 44 years
9,925
7,442
75.0
7,158
72.1
284
3.8
2,48245 to 54 years
21,670
16,019
73.9
15,433
71.2
586
3.7
5,65145 to 49 years
10,561
7,963
75.4
7,662
72.5
301
3.8
2,59850 to 54 years
11,109
8,056
72.5
7,771
70.0
285
3.5
3,05355 to 64 years
21,441
12,527
58.4
12,114
56.5
413
3.3
8,91455 to 59 years
11,247
7,416
65.9
7,171
63.8
245
3.3
3,83160 to 64 years
10,194
5,111
50.1
4,943
48.5
168
3.3
5,08365 years and older
26,587
4,130
15.5
3,968
14.9
162
3.9
22,45765 to 69 years
8,831
2,472
28.0
2,386
27.0
86
3.5
6,35970 to 74 years
6,352
967
15.2
924
14.6
43
4.4
5,38575 years and older
11,404
691
6.1
658
5.8
33
4.8
10,713**Men**16 years and older
122,497
84,755
69.2
80,568
65.8
4,187
4.9
37,74316 to 19 years
8,475
2,995
35.3
2,484
29.3
512
17.1
5,47916 to 17 years
4,509
1,028
22.8
825
18.3
203
19.7
3,48118 to 19 years
3,966
1,967
49.6
1,659
41.8
309
15.7
1,99820 to 24 years
10,897
7,954
73.0
7,212
66.2
742
9.3
2,94325 to 54 years
61,811
54,726
88.5
52,514
85.0
2,212
4.0
7,08525 to 34 years
21,570
19,151
88.8
18,185
84.3
966
5.0
2,42025 to 29 years
11,068
9,660
87.3
9,104
82.3
557
5.8
1,40730 to 34 years
10,503
9,490
90.4
9,081
86.5
409
4.3
1,01235 to 44 years
19,514
17,686
90.6
17,042
87.3
644
3.6
1,82835 to 39 years
10,016
9,092
90.8
8,759
87.4
334
3.7
92440 to 44 years
9,497
8,593
90.5
8,283
87.2
310
3.6
90445 to 54 years
20,727
17,890
86.3
17,287
83.4
602
3.4
2,83745 to 49 years
10,142
8,947
88.2
8,637
85.2
310
3.5
1,19550 to 54 years
10,585
8,942
84.5
8,651
81.7
292
3.3
1,64355 to 64 years
19,867
13,938
70.2
13,410
67.5
528
3.8
5,92955 to 59 years
10,557
8,168
77.4
7,860
74.5
308
3.8
2,38860 to 64 years
9,310
5,770
62.0
5,550
59.6
220
3.8
3,54065 years and older
21,448
5,141
24.0
4,948
23.1
193
3.8
16,30665 to 69 years
7,841
2,894
36.9
2,781
35.5
113
3.9
4,94670 to 74 years
5,412
1,286
23.8
1,241
22.9
46
3.5
4,12675 years and older
8,195
960
11.7
926
11.3
35
3.6
7,234Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, 16 years and older, by gender, 1948–2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Year
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Not in labor forceTotal
Percentage of population
Employed
UnemployedTotal
Percentage of population
Total
Percentage of labor force**Total**1948
103,068
60,621
58.8
58,343
56.6
2,276
3.8
42,4471949
103,994
61,286
58.9
57,651
55.4
3,637
5.9
42,7081950
104,995
62,208
59.2
58,918
56.1
3,288
5.3
42,7871951
104,621
62,017
59.2
59,961
57.3
2,055
3.3
42,6041952
105,231
62,138
59.0
60,250
57.3
1,883
3.0
43,0931953
107,056
63,015
58.9
61,179
57.1
1,834
2.9
44,0411954
108,321
63,643
58.8
60,109
55.5
3,532
5.5
44,6781955
109,683
65,023
59.3
62,170
56.7
2,852
4.4
44,6601956
110,954
66,552
60.0
63,799
57.5
2,750
4.1
44,4021957
112,265
66,929
59.6
64,071
57.1
2,859
4.3
45,3361958
113,727
67,639
59.5
63,036
55.4
4,602
6.8
46,0881959
115,329
68,369
59.3
64,630
56.0
3,740
5.5
46,9601960
117,245
69,628
59.4
65,778
56.1
3,852
5.5
47,6171961
118,771
70,459
59.3
65,746
55.4
4,714
6.7
48,3121962
120,153
70,614
58.8
66,702
55.5
3,911
5.5
49,5391963
122,416
71,833
58.7
67,762
55.4
4,070
5.7
50,5831964
124,485
73,091
58.7
69,305
55.7
3,786
5.2
51,3941965
126,513
74,455
58.9
71,088
56.2
3,366
4.5
52,0581966
128,058
75,770
59.2
72,895
56.9
2,875
3.8
52,2881967
129,874
77,347
59.6
74,372
57.3
2,975
3.8
52,5271968
132,028
78,737
59.6
75,920
57.5
2,817
3.6
53,2911969
134,335
80,734
60.1
77,902
58.0
2,832
3.5
53,6021970
137,085
82,771
60.4
78,678
57.4
4,093
4.9
54,3151971
140,216
84,382
60.2
79,367
56.6
5,016
5.9
55,8341972
144,126
87,034
60.4
82,153
57.0
4,882
5.6
57,0911973
147,096
89,429
60.8
85,064
57.8
4,365
4.9
57,6671974
150,120
91,949
61.3
86,794
57.8
5,156
5.6
58,1711975
153,153
93,775
61.2
85,846
56.1
7,929
8.5
59,3771976
156,150
96,158
61.6
88,752
56.8
7,406
7.7
59,9911977
159,033
99,009
62.3
92,017
57.9
6,991
7.1
60,0251978
161,910
102,251
63.2
96,048
59.3
6,202
6.1
59,6591979
164,863
104,962
63.7
98,824
59.9
6,137
5.8
59,9001980
167,745
106,940
63.8
99,303
59.2
7,637
7.1
60,8061981
170,130
108,670
63.9
100,397
59.0
8,273
7.6
61,4601982
172,271
110,204
64.0
99,526
57.8
10,678
9.7
62,0671983
174,215
111,550
64.0
100,834
57.9
10,717
9.6
62,6651984
176,383
113,544
64.4
105,005
59.5
8,539
7.5
62,8391985
178,206
115,461
64.8
107,150
60.1
8,312
7.2
62,7441986
180,587
117,834
65.3
109,597
60.7
8,237
7.0
62,7521987
182,753
119,865
65.6
112,440
61.5
7,425
6.2
62,8881988
184,613
121,669
65.9
114,968
62.3
6,701
5.5
62,9441989
186,393
123,869
66.5
117,342
63.0
6,528
5.3
62,5231990
189,164
125,840
66.5
118,793
62.8
7,047
5.6
63,3241991
190,925
126,346
66.2
117,718
61.7
8,628
6.8
64,5781992
192,805
128,105
66.4
118,492
61.5
9,613
7.5
64,7001993
194,838
129,200
66.3
120,259
61.7
8,940
6.9
65,6381994
196,814
131,056
66.6
123,060
62.5
7,996
6.1
65,7581995
198,584
132,304
66.6
124,900
62.9
7,404
5.6
66,2801996
200,591
133,943
66.8
126,708
63.2
7,236
5.4
66,6471997
203,133
136,297
67.1
129,558
63.8
6,739
4.9
66,8371998
205,220
137,673
67.1
131,463
64.1
6,210
4.5
67,5471999
207,753
139,368
67.1
133,488
64.3
5,880
4.2
68,3852000
212,577
142,583
67.1
136,891
64.4
5,692
4.0
69,9942001
215,092
143,734
66.8
136,933
63.7
6,801
4.7
71,3592002
217,570
144,863
66.6
136,485
62.7
8,378
5.8
72,7072003
221,168
146,510
66.2
137,736
62.3
8,774
6.0
74,6582004
223,357
147,401
66.0
139,252
62.3
8,149
5.5
75,9562005
226,082
149,320
66.0
141,730
62.7
7,591
5.1
76,7622006
228,815
151,428
66.2
144,427
63.1
7,001
4.6
77,3872007
231,867
153,124
66.0
146,047
63.0
7,078
4.6
78,7432008
233,788
154,287
66.0
145,362
62.2
8,924
5.8
79,5012009
235,801
154,142
65.4
139,877
59.3
14,265
9.3
81,6592010
237,830
153,889
64.7
139,064
58.5
14,825
9.6
83,9412011
239,618
153,617
64.1
139,869
58.4
13,747
8.9
86,0012012
243,284
154,975
63.7
142,469
58.6
12,506
8.1
88,3102013
245,679
155,389
63.2
143,929
58.6
11,460
7.4
90,2902014
247,947
155,922
62.9
146,305
59.0
9,617
6.2
92,0252015
250,801
157,130
62.7
148,834
59.3
8,296
5.3
93,6712016
253,538
159,187
62.8
151,436
59.7
7,751
4.9
94,351**Women**1948
53,071
17,335
32.7
16,617
31.3
717
4.1
35,7371949
53,670
17,788
33.1
16,723
31.2
1,065
6.0
35,8831950
54,270
18,389
33.9
17,340
32.0
1,049
5.7
35,8811951
54,895
19,016
34.6
18,181
33.1
834
4.4
35,8791952
55,529
19,269
34.7
18,568
33.4
698
3.6
36,2611953
56,305
19,382
34.4
18,749
33.3
632
3.3
36,9241954
56,925
19,678
34.6
18,490
32.5
1,188
6.0
37,2471955
57,574
20,548
35.7
19,551
34.0
998
4.9
37,0261956
58,228
21,461
36.9
20,419
35.1
1,039
4.8
36,7691957
58,951
21,732
36.9
20,714
35.1
1,018
4.7
37,2181958
59,690
22,118
37.1
20,613
34.5
1,504
6.8
37,5741959
60,534
22,483
37.1
21,164
35.0
1,320
5.9
38,0531960
61,582
23,240
37.7
21,874
35.5
1,366
5.9
38,3431961
62,484
23,806
38.1
22,090
35.4
1,717
7.2
38,6791962
63,321
24,014
37.9
22,525
35.6
1,488
6.2
39,3081963
64,494
24,704
38.3
23,105
35.8
1,598
6.5
39,7911964
65,637
25,412
38.7
23,831
36.3
1,581
6.2
40,2251965
66,731
26,200
39.3
24,748
37.1
1,452
5.5
40,5311966
67,795
27,299
40.3
25,976
38.3
1,324
4.8
40,4961967
68,968
28,360
41.1
26,893
39.0
1,468
5.2
40,6081968
70,179
29,204
41.6
27,807
39.6
1,397
4.8
40,9761969
71,436
30,513
42.7
29,084
40.7
1,429
4.7
40,9241970
72,782
31,543
43.3
29,688
40.8
1,855
5.9
41,2391971
74,274
32,202
43.4
29,976
40.4
2,227
6.9
42,0721972
76,290
33,479
43.9
31,257
41.0
2,222
6.6
42,8111973
77,804
34,804
44.7
32,715
42.0
2,089
6.0
43,0001974
79,312
36,211
45.7
33,769
42.6
2,441
6.7
43,1011975
80,860
37,475
46.3
33,989
42.0
3,486
9.3
43,3861976
82,390
38,983
47.3
35,615
43.2
3,369
8.6
43,4061977
83,840
40,613
48.4
37,289
44.5
3,324
8.2
43,2271978
85,334
42,631
50.0
39,569
46.4
3,061
7.2
42,7031979
86,843
44,235
50.9
41,217
47.5
3,018
6.8
42,6081980
88,348
45,487
51.5
42,117
47.7
3,370
7.4
42,8611981
89,618
46,696
52.1
43,000
48.0
3,696
7.9
42,9221982
90,748
47,755
52.6
43,256
47.7
4,499
9.4
42,9931983
91,684
48,503
52.9
44,047
48.0
4,457
9.2
43,1811984
92,778
49,709
53.6
45,915
49.5
3,794
7.6
43,0681985
93,736
51,050
54.5
47,259
50.4
3,791
7.4
42,6861986
94,789
52,413
55.3
48,706
51.4
3,707
7.1
42,3761987
95,853
53,658
56.0
50,334
52.5
3,324
6.2
42,1951988
96,756
54,742
56.6
51,696
53.4
3,046
5.6
42,0141989
97,630
56,030
57.4
53,027
54.3
3,003
5.4
41,6011990
98,787
56,829
57.5
53,689
54.3
3,140
5.5
41,9571991
99,646
57,178
57.4
53,496
53.7
3,683
6.4
42,4681992
100,535
58,141
57.8
54,052
53.8
4,090
7.0
42,3941993
101,506
58,795
57.9
54,910
54.1
3,885
6.6
42,7111994
102,460
60,239
58.8
56,610
55.3
3,629
6.0
42,2211995
103,406
60,944
58.9
57,523
55.6
3,421
5.6
42,4621996
104,385
61,857
59.3
58,501
56.0
3,356
5.4
42,5281997
105,418
63,036
59.8
59,873
56.8
3,162
5.0
42,3821998
106,462
63,714
59.8
60,771
57.1
2,944
4.6
42,7481999
108,031
64,855
60.0
62,042
57.4
2,814
4.3
43,1752000
110,613
66,303
59.9
63,586
57.5
2,717
4.1
44,3102001
111,811
66,848
59.8
63,737
57.0
3,111
4.7
44,9622002
112,985
67,363
59.6
63,582
56.3
3,781
5.6
45,6212003
114,733
68,272
59.5
64,404
56.1
3,868
5.7
46,4612004
115,647
68,421
59.2
64,728
56.0
3,694
5.4
47,2252005
116,931
69,288
59.3
65,757
56.2
3,531
5.1
47,6432006
118,210
70,173
59.4
66,925
56.6
3,247
4.6
48,0372007
119,694
70,988
59.3
67,792
56.6
3,196
4.5
48,7072008
120,675
71,767
59.5
67,876
56.2
3,891
5.4
48,9082009
121,665
72,019
59.2
66,208
54.4
5,811
8.1
49,6462010
122,656
71,904
58.6
65,705
53.6
6,199
8.6
50,7522011
123,300
71,642
58.1
65,579
53.2
6,063
8.5
51,6582012
125,941
72,648
57.7
66,914
53.1
5,734
7.9
53,2932013
127,124
72,722
57.2
67,577
53.2
5,146
7.1
54,4012014
128,199
73,039
57.0
68,613
53.5
4,426
6.1
55,1592015
129,700
73,510
56.7
69,703
53.7
3,807
5.2
56,1902016
131,040
74,432
56.8
70,868
54.1
3,564
4.8
56,608**Men**1948
49,996
43,286
86.6
41,725
83.5
1,559
3.6
6,7101949
50,321
43,498
86.4
40,925
81.3
2,572
5.9
6,8251950
50,725
43,819
86.4
41,578
82.0
2,239
5.1
6,9061951
49,727
43,001
86.3
41,780
84.0
1,221
2.8
6,7251952
49,700
42,869
86.3
41,682
83.9
1,185
2.8
6,8321953
50,750
43,633
86.0
42,430
83.6
1,202
2.8
7,1171954
51,395
43,965
85.5
41,619
81.0
2,344
5.3
7,4311955
52,109
44,475
85.4
42,621
81.8
1,854
4.2
7,6341956
52,723
45,091
85.5
43,379
82.3
1,711
3.8
7,6331957
53,315
45,197
84.8
43,357
81.3
1,841
4.1
8,1181958
54,033
45,521
84.2
42,423
78.5
3,098
6.8
8,5141959
54,793
45,886
83.7
43,466
79.3
2,420
5.2
8,9071960
55,662
46,388
83.3
43,904
78.9
2,486
5.4
9,2741961
56,286
46,653
82.9
43,656
77.6
2,997
6.4
9,6331962
56,831
46,600
82.0
44,177
77.7
2,423
5.2
10,2311963
57,921
47,129
81.4
44,657
77.1
2,472
5.2
10,7921964
58,847
47,679
81.0
45,474
77.3
2,205
4.6
11,1691965
59,782
48,255
80.7
46,340
77.5
1,914
4.0
11,5271966
60,262
48,471
80.4
46,919
77.9
1,551
3.2
11,7921967
60,905
48,987
80.4
47,479
78.0
1,508
3.1
11,9191968
61,847
49,533
80.1
48,114
77.8
1,419
2.9
12,3151969
62,898
50,221
79.8
48,818
77.6
1,403
2.8
12,6771970
64,304
51,228
79.7
48,990
76.2
2,238
4.4
13,0761971
65,942
52,180
79.1
49,390
74.9
2,789
5.3
13,7621972
67,835
53,555
78.9
50,896
75.0
2,659
5.0
14,2801973
69,292
54,624
78.8
52,349
75.5
2,275
4.2
14,6671974
70,808
55,739
78.7
53,024
74.9
2,714
4.9
15,0691975
72,291
56,299
77.9
51,857
71.7
4,442
7.9
15,9931976
73,759
57,174
77.5
53,138
72.0
4,036
7.1
16,5851977
75,193
58,396
77.7
54,728
72.8
3,667
6.3
16,7971978
76,576
59,620
77.9
56,479
73.8
3,142
5.3
16,9561979
78,020
60,726
77.8
57,607
73.8
3,120
5.1
17,2931980
79,398
61,453
77.4
57,186
72.0
4,267
6.9
17,9451981
80,511
61,974
77.0
57,397
71.3
4,577
7.4
18,5371982
81,523
62,450
76.6
56,271
69.0
6,179
9.9
19,0731983
82,531
63,047
76.4
56,787
68.8
6,260
9.9
19,4841984
83,605
63,835
76.4
59,091
70.7
4,744
7.4
19,7711985
84,469
64,411
76.3
59,891
70.9
4,521
7.0
20,0581986
85,798
65,422
76.3
60,892
71.0
4,530
6.9
20,3761987
86,899
66,207
76.2
62,107
71.5
4,101
6.2
20,6921988
87,857
66,927
76.2
63,273
72.0
3,655
5.5
20,9301989
88,762
67,840
76.4
64,315
72.5
3,525
5.2
20,9231990
90,377
69,011
76.4
65,104
72.0
3,906
5.7
21,3671991
91,278
69,168
75.8
64,223
70.4
4,946
7.2
22,1101992
92,270
69,964
75.8
64,440
69.8
5,523
7.9
22,3061993
93,332
70,404
75.4
65,349
70.0
5,055
7.2
22,9271994
94,355
70,817
75.1
66,450
70.4
4,367
6.2
23,5381995
95,178
71,360
75.0
67,377
70.8
3,983
5.6
23,8181996
96,206
72,087
74.9
68,207
70.9
3,880
5.4
24,1191997
97,715
73,261
75.0
69,685
71.3
3,577
4.9
24,4541998
98,758
73,959
74.9
70,693
71.6
3,266
4.4
24,7991999
99,722
74,512
74.7
71,446
71.6
3,066
4.1
25,2102000
101,964
76,280
74.8
73,305
71.9
2,975
3.9
25,6842001
103,282
76,886
74.4
73,196
70.9
3,690
4.8
26,3962002
104,585
77,500
74.1
72,903
69.7
4,597
5.9
27,0852003
106,435
78,238
73.5
73,332
68.9
4,906
6.3
28,1972004
107,710
78,980
73.3
74,524
69.2
4,456
5.6
28,7302005
109,151
80,033
73.3
75,973
69.6
4,059
5.1
29,1192006
110,605
81,255
73.5
77,502
70.1
3,753
4.6
29,3502007
112,173
82,136
73.2
78,254
69.8
3,882
4.7
30,0362008
113,113
82,520
73.0
77,486
68.5
5,033
6.1
30,5932009
114,136
82,123
72.0
73,670
64.5
8,453
10.3
32,0132010
115,174
81,985
71.2
73,359
63.7
8,626
10.5
33,1892011
116,317
81,975
70.5
74,290
63.9
7,684
9.4
34,3432012
117,343
82,327
70.2
75,555
64.4
6,771
8.2
35,0172013
118,555
82,667
69.7
76,353
64.4
6,314
7.6
35,8892014
119,748
82,882
69.2
77,692
64.9
5,190
6.3
36,8652015
121,101
83,620
69.1
79,131
65.3
4,490
5.4
37,4812016
122,497
84,755
69.2
80,568
65.8
4,187
4.9
37,743Note: Revisions to population controls and other changes can affect the comparability of labor force levels over time. In recent years, for example, updated population controls have been introduced annually with the release of January data.

Information about historical comparability is available online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 3. Employment status, by age, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Race, age, gender, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Not in labor forceTotal
Percentage of population
Employed
UnemployedTotal
Percentage of population
Total
Percentage of labor force**White**Total, 16 years and older
198,215
124,658
62.9
119,313
60.2
5,345
4.3
73,55716 to 19 years
12,342
4,618
37.4
3,967
32.1
651
14.1
7,72420 to 24 years
15,947
11,553
72.4
10,722
67.2
831
7.2
4,39525 to 54 years
95,786
78,650
82.1
75,797
79.1
2,853
3.6
17,13655 to 64 years
33,478
21,889
65.4
21,169
63.2
720
3.3
11,58965 years and older
40,662
7,948
19.5
7,658
18.8
290
3.7
32,714Women, 16 years and older
101,354
57,095
56.3
54,701
54.0
2,393
4.2
44,26016 to 19 years
6,053
2,224
36.7
1,931
31.9
293
13.2
3,82920 to 24 years
7,890
5,471
69.3
5,124
64.9
347
6.3
2,41925 to 54 years
47,944
35,721
74.5
34,412
71.8
1,309
3.7
12,22355 to 64 years
17,178
10,195
59.3
9,885
57.5
310
3.0
6,98365 years and older
22,289
3,484
15.6
3,350
15.0
134
3.9
18,805Men, 16 years and older
96,861
67,564
69.8
64,612
66.7
2,952
4.4
29,29716 to 19 years
6,289
2,395
38.1
2,037
32.4
358
14.9
3,89520 to 24 years
8,057
6,082
75.5
5,598
69.5
484
8.0
1,97525 to 54 years
47,842
42,929
89.7
41,385
86.5
1,544
3.6
4,91255 to 64 years
16,300
11,694
71.7
11,284
69.2
410
3.5
4,60665 years and older
18,373
4,464
24.3
4,308
23.4
156
3.5
13,909**Black or African American**Total, 16 years and older
31,889
19,637
61.6
17,982
56.4
1,655
8.4
12,25216 to 19 years
2,510
729
29.0
535
21.3
194
26.7
1,78120 to 24 years
3,338
2,259
67.7
1,930
57.8
329
14.5
1,07925 to 54 years
16,792
13,248
78.9
12,302
73.3
946
7.1
3,54355 to 64 years
4,840
2,669
55.1
2,526
52.2
143
5.4
2,17165 years and older
4,409
732
16.6
689
15.6
43
5.8
3,678Women, 16 years and older
17,365
10,321
59.4
9,511
54.8
810
7.8
7,04316 to 19 years
1,263
379
30.0
292
23.1
86
22.8
88420 to 24 years
1,717
1,168
68.0
1,025
59.7
143
12.3
54925 to 54 years
9,106
6,994
76.8
6,502
71.4
492
7.0
2,11255 to 64 years
2,652
1,399
52.7
1,330
50.2
68
4.9
1,25365 years and older
2,627
383
14.6
362
13.8
21
5.4
2,244Men, 16 years and older
14,525
9,315
64.1
8,471
58.3
845
9.1
5,20916 to 19 years
1,247
350
28.1
242
19.4
108
30.9
89620 to 24 years
1,621
1,091
67.3
906
55.9
186
17.0
53025 to 54 years
7,686
6,255
81.4
5,800
75.5
455
7.3
1,43155 to 64 years
2,189
1,270
58.0
1,195
54.6
75
5.9
91865 years and older
1,782
349
19.6
327
18.3
22
6.2
1,434**Asian**Total, 16 years and older
15,121
9,562
63.2
9,213
60.9
349
3.6
5,55916 to 19 years
846
179
21.2
159
18.8
20
10.9
66720 to 24 years
1,352
717
53.0
668
49.4
49
6.9
63525 to 54 years
8,710
6,851
78.7
6,633
76.2
219
3.2
1,85855 to 64 years
2,050
1,382
67.4
1,335
65.1
47
3.4
66865 years and older
2,163
432
20.0
418
19.3
14
3.2
1,731Women, 16 years and older
8,057
4,471
55.5
4,298
53.4
172
3.9
3,58616 to 19 years
422
88
20.9
81
19.1
7
8.2
33420 to 24 years
676
342
50.6
321
47.4
22
6.4
33425 to 54 years
4,602
3,168
68.8
3,054
66.4
114
3.6
1,43455 to 64 years
1,126
680
60.4
655
58.2
25
3.6
44665 years and older
1,231
192
15.6
187
15.2
5
2.4
1,039Men, 16 years and older
7,064
5,091
72.1
4,915
69.6
176
3.5
1,97316 to 19 years
424
91
21.4
79
18.6
12
13.5
33320 to 24 years
676
375
55.5
348
51.4
27
7.3
30125 to 54 years
4,108
3,683
89.7
3,578
87.1
105
2.9
42455 to 64 years
924
702
76.0
680
73.5
23
3.2
22265 years and older
932
240
25.7
231
24.7
9
3.8
692**Hispanic or Latino ethnicity**Total, 16 years and older
40,697
26,797
65.8
25,249
62.0
1,548
5.8
13,90016 to 19 years
3,777
1,178
31.2
977
25.9
201
17.1
2,59920 to 24 years
4,711
3,384
71.8
3,086
65.5
298
8.8
1,32725 to 54 years
23,780
18,754
78.9
17,878
75.2
877
4.7
5,02655 to 64 years
4,483
2,765
61.7
2,627
58.6
137
5.0
1,71865 years and older
3,946
715
18.1
681
17.3
34
4.8
3,230Women, 16 years and older
20,430
11,401
55.8
10,686
52.3
715
6.3
9,02916 to 19 years
1,857
557
30.0
470
25.3
88
15.8
1,30020 to 24 years
2,315
1,536
66.4
1,409
60.9
127
8.3
77925 to 54 years
11,703
7,803
66.7
7,374
63.0
429
5.5
3,90055 to 64 years
2,317
1,196
51.6
1,137
49.1
59
4.9
1,12165 years and older
2,238
308
13.8
297
13.3
12
3.7
1,930Men, 16 years and older
20,266
15,396
76.0
14,563
71.9
833
5.4
4,87016 to 19 years
1,920
621
32.3
508
26.4
113
18.3
1,29920 to 24 years
2,396
1,848
77.1
1,677
70.0
171
9.3
54825 to 54 years
12,077
10,951
90.7
10,504
87.0
447
4.1
1,12655 to 64 years
2,166
1,569
72.4
1,490
68.8
78
5.0
59765 years and older
1,708
407
23.8
384
22.5
23
5.6
1,300Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 4. Employment status, by marital status and gender, 2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Marital status and gender
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Not in labor forceTotal
Percentage of population
Employed
UnemployedTotal
Percentage of population
Total
Percentage of labor force**Total**Total, 16 years and older
253,538
159,187
62.8
151,436
59.7
7,751
4.9
94,351Married, spouse present(1)
126,600
82,973
65.5
80,620
63.7
2,352
2.8
43,627Other marital status(2)
126,938
76,214
60.0
70,815
55.8
5,399
7.1
50,723Never married
77,728
50,865
65.4
46,823
60.2
4,042
7.9
26,862Widowed, divorced, or separated(3)
49,210
25,349
51.5
23,993
48.8
1,356
5.4
23,861Widowed
14,799
3,093
20.9
2,940
19.9
153
5.0
11,706Divorced
25,543
16,328
63.9
15,498
60.7
830
5.1
9,214Separated(3)
8,869
5,928
66.8
5,554
62.6
373
6.3
2,941**Women**Total, 16 years and older
131,040
74,432
56.8
70,868
54.1
3,564
4.8
56,608Married, spouse present(1)
62,852
36,387
57.9
35,294
56.2
1,093
3.0
26,465Other marital status(2)
68,188
38,045
55.8
35,574
52.2
2,471
6.5
30,143Never married
36,800
23,321
63.4
21,606
58.7
1,715
7.4
13,479Widowed, divorced, or separated(3)
31,389
14,725
46.9
13,968
44.5
757
5.1
16,664Widowed
11,521
2,272
19.7
2,160
18.7
112
4.9
9,249Divorced
14,977
9,354
62.5
8,906
59.5
448
4.8
5,624Separated(3)
4,891
3,099
63.4
2,903
59.4
197
6.3
1,791**Men**Total, 16 years and older
122,497
84,755
69.2
80,568
65.8
4,187
4.9
37,743Married, spouse present(1)
63,748
46,586
73.1
45,327
71.1
1,259
2.7
17,162Other marital status(2)
58,749
38,169
65.0
35,241
60.0
2,928
7.7
20,580Never married
40,928
27,545
67.3
25,217
61.6
2,328
8.5
13,383Widowed, divorced, or separated(3)
17,821
10,624
59.6
10,025
56.3
600
5.6
7,197Widowed
3,278
822
25.1
780
23.8
41
5.0
2,457Divorced
10,565
6,975
66.0
6,593
62.4
382
5.5
3,590Separated(3)
3,978
2,828
71.1
2,651
66.7
177
6.2
1,150(1) Refers to people in opposite-sex married couples only.

(2) Includes people who are never married; widowed; divorced; separated; and married, spouse absent.

(3) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 5. Employment status, by gender, presence and age of children, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, March 2016 (Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Not in labor forceTotal
Percentage of population
Employed
UnemployedTotal
Percentage of population
Total
Percentage of labor force**Total**Women, 16 years and older
130,656
74,733
57.2
71,057
54.4
3,676
4.9
55,923With children under 18 years old
35,392
25,070
70.8
23,877
67.5
1,193
4.8
10,322With children 6 to 17, none younger
20,168
15,135
75.0
14,519
72.0
616
4.1
5,032With children under 6 years old
15,225
9,934
65.3
9,358
61.5
576
5.8
5,290With children under 3 years old
8,700
5,486
63.1
5,165
59.4
322
5.9
3,214With no children under 18 years old
95,264
49,663
52.1
47,180
49.5
2,484
5.0
45,600Men, 16 years and older
122,110
84,143
68.9
79,505
65.1
4,637
5.5
37,968With children under 18 years old
27,085
25,135
92.8
24,226
89.4
909
3.6
1,950With children 6 to 17, none younger
15,518
14,247
91.8
13,765
88.7
481
3.4
1,272With children under 6 years old
11,567
10,888
94.1
10,461
90.4
428
3.9
678With children under 3 years old
6,709
6,335
94.4
6,093
90.8
242
3.8
374With no children under 18 years old
95,026
59,008
62.1
55,280
58.2
3,728
6.3
36,018**White**Women, 16 years and older
101,161
57,586
56.9
55,153
54.5
2,434
4.2
43,575With children under 18 years old
26,542
18,642
70.2
17,918
67.5
724
3.9
7,900With children 6 to 17, none younger
15,229
11,347
74.5
10,950
71.9
397
3.5
3,882With children under 6 years old
11,312
7,295
64.5
6,968
61.6
327
4.5
4,017With children under 3 years old
6,490
4,058
62.5
3,873
59.7
186
4.6
2,432With no children under 18 years old
74,619
38,944
52.2
37,235
49.9
1,710
4.4
35,675Men, 16 years and older
96,722
67,247
69.5
64,054
66.2
3,194
4.7
29,474With children under 18 years old
21,825
20,420
93.6
19,751
90.5
669
3.3
1,405With children 6 to 17, none younger
12,510
11,587
92.6
11,233
89.8
355
3.1
923With children under 6 years old
9,315
8,833
94.8
8,518
91.4
314
3.6
483With children under 3 years old
5,418
5,157
95.2
4,986
92.0
171
3.3
261With no children under 18 years old
74,896
46,827
62.5
44,303
59.2
2,525
5.4
28,069**Black or African American**Women, 16 years and older
17,295
10,169
58.8
9,307
53.8
862
8.5
7,126With children under 18 years old
4,980
3,842
77.1
3,501
70.3
340
8.9
1,139With children 6 to 17, none younger
2,852
2,274
79.7
2,116
74.2
157
6.9
579With children under 6 years old
2,128
1,568
73.7
1,385
65.1
183
11.7
560With children under 3 years old
1,165
824
70.7
733
62.9
91
11.0
341With no children under 18 years old
12,315
6,328
51.4
5,806
47.1
522
8.3
5,987Men, 16 years and older
14,455
9,198
63.6
8,177
56.6
1,022
11.1
5,256With children under 18 years old
2,367
2,062
87.1
1,909
80.6
153
7.4
305With children 6 to 17, none younger
1,434
1,224
85.4
1,134
79.1
90
7.4
210With children under 6 years old
934
838
89.8
775
83.0
63
7.5
96With children under 3 years old
514
471
91.6
433
84.2
38
8.1
43With no children under 18 years old
12,087
7,136
59.0
6,268
51.9
868
12.2
4,951**Asian**Women, 16 years and older
7,879
4,399
55.8
4,229
53.7
169
3.9
3,481With children under 18 years old
2,472
1,610
65.1
1,563
63.2
46
2.9
863With children 6 to 17, none younger
1,338
974
72.8
944
70.6
29
3.0
364With children under 6 years old
1,134
636
56.0
619
54.6
17
2.6
499With children under 3 years old
662
352
53.1
346
52.3
6
1.6
310With no children under 18 years old
5,407
2,789
51.6
2,666
49.3
123
4.4
2,618Men, 16 years and older
6,961
5,046
72.5
4,865
69.9
180
3.6
1,915With children under 18 years old
2,069
1,917
92.7
1,879
90.8
38
2.0
152With children 6 to 17, none younger
1,111
1,026
92.3
1,005
90.5
21
2.0
85With children under 6 years old
958
892
93.1
875
91.3
17
1.9
67With children under 3 years old
563
519
92.2
507
89.9
13
2.4
44With no children under 18 years old
4,892
3,129
64.0
2,986
61.0
143
4.6
1,763**Hispanic or Latino ethnicity**Women, 16 years and older
20,270
11,322
55.9
10,634
52.5
688
6.1
8,948With children under 18 years old
7,655
4,714
61.6
4,440
58.0
274
5.8
2,941With children 6 to 17, none younger
4,208
2,815
66.9
2,679
63.7
137
4.9
1,392With children under 6 years old
3,447
1,899
55.1
1,762
51.1
137
7.2
1,549With children under 3 years old
1,851
964
52.1
883
47.7
81
8.4
887With no children under 18 years old
12,615
6,608
52.4
6,194
49.1
414
6.3
6,007Men, 16 years and older
20,112
15,089
75.0
14,203
70.6
885
5.9
5,023With children under 18 years old
5,641
5,267
93.4
5,034
89.2
233
4.4
374With children 6 to 17, none younger
3,085
2,849
92.3
2,747
89.0
102
3.6
236With children under 6 years old
2,555
2,418
94.6
2,287
89.5
130
5.4
138With children under 3 years old
1,404
1,324
94.3
1,256
89.4
68
5.1
80With no children under 18 years old
14,471
9,822
67.9
9,169
63.4
652
6.6
4,649Note: Children are "own" children and are sons, daughters, stepchildren, or adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.




Table 6. Employment status of women, by presence and age of children, marital status, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, March 2016 (Numbers in thousands)

Presence and age of youngest child
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Not in labor forceTotal
Percentage of population
Employed
UnemployedTotal
Percentage of population
Total
Percentage of labor force**Total, all marital statuses**Total women, 16 years and older
130,656
74,733
57.2
71,057
54.4
3,676
4.9
55,923With children under 18 years old
35,392
25,070
70.8
23,877
67.5
1,193
4.8
10,322With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
20,168
15,135
75.0
14,519
72.0
616
4.1
5,032With children under 6 years old
15,225
9,934
65.3
9,358
61.5
576
5.8
5,290With children under 3 years old
8,700
5,486
63.1
5,165
59.4
322
5.9
3,214With no children under 18 years old
95,264
49,663
52.1
47,180
49.5
2,484
5.0
45,600**Total, married, spouse present(1)**Total women, 16 years and older
62,577
36,858
58.9
35,731
57.1
1,127
3.1
25,718With children under 18 years old
24,605
16,882
68.6
16,339
66.4
543
3.2
7,723With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
13,934
10,167
73.0
9,856
70.7
311
3.1
3,767With children under 6 years old
10,671
6,715
62.9
6,483
60.8
232
3.4
3,956With children under 3 years old
6,208
3,854
62.1
3,714
59.8
140
3.6
2,354With no children under 18 years old
37,972
19,977
52.6
19,392
51.1
584
2.9
17,996**Total, other marital statuses(2)**Total women, 16 years and older
68,079
37,875
55.6
35,326
51.9
2,549
6.7
30,204With children under 18 years old
10,787
8,188
75.9
7,538
69.9
650
7.9
2,600With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
6,234
4,968
79.7
4,663
74.8
305
6.1
1,265With children under 6 years old
4,554
3,220
70.7
2,875
63.1
345
10.7
1,334With children under 3 years old
2,492
1,633
65.5
1,450
58.2
182
11.2
859With no children under 18 years old
57,291
29,687
51.8
27,788
48.5
1,899
6.4
27,605**White, all marital statuses**Total women, 16 years and older
101,161
57,586
56.9
55,153
54.5
2,434
4.2
43,575With children under 18 years old
26,542
18,642
70.2
17,918
67.5
724
3.9
7,900With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
15,229
11,347
74.5
10,950
71.9
397
3.5
3,882With children under 6 years old
11,312
7,295
64.5
6,968
61.6
327
4.5
4,017With children under 3 years old
6,490
4,058
62.5
3,873
59.7
186
4.6
2,432With no children under 18 years old
74,619
38,944
52.2
37,235
49.9
1,710
4.4
35,675**White, married, spouse present(1)**Total women, 16 years and older
51,826
30,395
58.6
29,515
56.9
880
2.9
21,431With children under 18 years old
19,764
13,568
68.7
13,153
66.6
415
3.1
6,196With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
11,226
8,174
72.8
7,937
70.7
237
2.9
3,052With children under 6 years old
8,538
5,394
63.2
5,216
61.1
178
3.3
3,144With children under 3 years old
5,012
3,137
62.6
3,027
60.4
110
3.5
1,875With no children under 18 years old
32,062
16,827
52.5
16,361
51.0
465
2.8
15,235**White, other marital statuses(2)**Total women, 16 years and older
49,335
27,191
55.1
25,638
52.0
1,554
5.7
22,144With children under 18 years old
6,778
5,074
74.9
4,765
70.3
309
6.1
1,704With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
4,004
3,173
79.2
3,013
75.3
160
5.0
831With children under 6 years old
2,774
1,901
68.5
1,752
63.1
149
7.9
873With children under 3 years old
1,478
921
62.3
845
57.2
76
8.2
557With no children under 18 years old
42,557
22,117
52.0
20,873
49.0
1,244
5.6
20,440**Black or African American, all marital statuses**Total women, 16 years and older
17,295
10,169
58.8
9,307
53.8
862
8.5
7,126With children under 18 years old
4,980
3,842
77.1
3,501
70.3
340
8.9
1,139With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
2,852
2,274
79.7
2,116
74.2
157
6.9
579With children under 6 years old
2,128
1,568
73.7
1,385
65.1
183
11.7
560With children under 3 years old
1,165
824
70.7
733
62.9
91
11.0
341With no children under 18 years old
12,315
6,328
51.4
5,806
47.1
522
8.3
5,987**Black or African American, married, spouse present(1)**Total women, 16 years and older
4,503
2,782
61.8
2,675
59.4
107
3.8
1,721With children under 18 years old
1,825
1,358
74.4
1,298
71.1
60
4.4
468With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
1,110
866
78.0
830
74.8
35
4.1
245With children under 6 years old
715
492
68.8
467
65.3
25
5.0
223With children under 3 years old
381
256
67.2
241
63.2
15
5.9
125With no children under 18 years old
2,678
1,424
53.2
1,377
51.4
47
3.3
1,254**Black or African American, other marital statuses(2)**Total women, 16 years and older
12,792
7,388
57.8
6,632
51.8
755
10.2
5,404With children under 18 years old
3,155
2,484
78.7
2,203
69.9
280
11.3
671With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
1,742
1,408
80.8
1,286
73.8
122
8.7
334With children under 6 years old
1,412
1,076
76.2
918
65.0
158
14.7
337With children under 3 years old
783
568
72.5
492
62.8
76
13.3
216With no children under 18 years old
9,637
4,904
50.9
4,429
46.0
475
9.7
4,734**Asian, all marital statuses**Total women, 16 years and older
7,879
4,399
55.8
4,229
53.7
169
3.9
3,481With children under 18 years old
2,472
1,610
65.1
1,563
63.2
46
2.9
863With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
1,338
974
72.8
944
70.6
29
3.0
364With children under 6 years old
1,134
636
56.0
619
54.6
17
2.6
499With children under 3 years old
662
352
53.1
346
52.3
6
1.6
310With no children under 18 years old
5,407
2,789
51.6
2,666
49.3
123
4.4
2,618**Asian, married, spouse present(1)**Total women, 16 years and older
4,713
2,750
58.4
2,654
56.3
97
3.5
1,962With children under 18 years old
2,221
1,416
63.8
1,371
61.8
44
3.1
805With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
1,173
831
70.8
803
68.5
28
3.3
342With children under 6 years old
1,048
585
55.8
568
54.2
17
2.9
463With children under 3 years old
615
333
54.2
327
53.2
6
1.7
282With no children under 18 years old
2,492
1,335
53.6
1,282
51.5
52
3.9
1,157**Asian, other marital statuses(2)**Total women, 16 years and older
3,167
1,648
52.0
1,575
49.7
73
4.4
1,519With children under 18 years old
252
194
77.0
192
76.3
2
0.9
58With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
165
143
86.7
141
85.7
2
1.2
22With children under 6 years old
87
51
58.6
51
58.6
–
–
36With children under 3 years old
47
18
39.5
18
39.5
–
–
28With no children under 18 years old
2,915
1,454
49.9
1,383
47.5
71
4.9
1,461**Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, all marital statuses**Total women, 16 years and older
20,270
11,322
55.9
10,634
52.5
688
6.1
8,948With children under 18 years old
7,655
4,714
61.6
4,440
58.0
274
5.8
2,941With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
4,208
2,815
66.9
2,679
63.7
137
4.9
1,392With children under 6 years old
3,447
1,899
55.1
1,762
51.1
137
7.2
1,549With children under 3 years old
1,851
964
52.1
883
47.7
81
8.4
887With no children under 18 years old
12,615
6,608
52.4
6,194
49.1
414
6.3
6,007**Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, married, spouse present(1)**Total women, 16 years and older
9,021
4,840
53.7
4,622
51.2
218
4.5
4,181With children under 18 years old
4,999
2,782
55.6
2,656
53.1
126
4.5
2,218With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
2,744
1,669
60.8
1,597
58.2
72
4.3
1,075With children under 6 years old
2,255
1,113
49.3
1,059
47.0
54
4.8
1,142With children under 3 years old
1,212
578
47.7
549
45.3
29
5.0
634With no children under 18 years old
4,021
2,059
51.2
1,966
48.9
92
4.5
1,963**Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, other marital statuses(2)**Total women, 16 years and older
11,249
6,482
57.6
6,012
53.4
469
7.2
4,768With children under 18 years old
2,656
1,932
72.8
1,785
67.2
148
7.6
723With children 6 to 17 years old, none younger
1,464
1,146
78.3
1,082
73.9
65
5.6
317With children under 6 years old
1,192
786
65.9
703
59.0
83
10.5
406With children under 3 years old
639
386
60.4
334
52.3
52
13.4
253With no children under 18 years old
8,594
4,549
52.9
4,228
49.2
322
7.1
4,044(1) Refers to women in opposite-sex married couples only.

(2) Includes women who are never married; widowed; divorced; separated; and married, spouse absent; as well as women in same-sex marriages.

Note: Children are own children and are sons, daughters, stepchildren, or adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, and other related and unrelated children. Details for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.




Table 7. Employment status of women, by presence and age of children, March 1975–March 2016 (Numbers in thousands)

Year
Civilian labor force
Employed
UnemployedTotal
Percentage of population
Total
Percentage of labor force**With children under age 18**1975
14,616
47.4
13,069
1,548
11.01976
15,073
48.8
13,725
1,346
8.91977
15,669
50.8
14,276
1,393
8.91978
16,385
53.0
15,142
1,242
7.61979
16,883
54.5
15,624
1,259
7.71980
17,790
56.6
16,526
1,264
7.11981
18,422
58.1
16,952
1,471
8.01982
18,744
58.5
16,854
1,890
10.11983
18,924
58.9
16,792
2,131
11.31984
19,555
60.5
17,782
1,773
9.11985
20,041
62.1
18,306
1,735
8.71986
20,620
62.8
18,922
1,698
8.21987
21,422
64.7
19,798
1,624
7.61988
21,545
65.1
20,141
1,404
6.51989
21,936
65.7
20,647
1,289
5.91990
22,196
66.7
20,865
1,331
6.01991
22,327
66.6
20,774
1,552
7.01992
22,756
67.2
21,052
1,704
7.51993
23,063
66.9
21,521
1,541
6.71994
24,191
68.4
22,467
1,724
7.11995
24,695
69.7
23,195
1,500
6.11996
24,720
70.2
23,386
1,334
5.41997
25,604
72.1
24,082
1,522
5.91998
25,647
72.3
24,209
1,438
5.61999
25,472
72.1
24,307
1,165
4.62000
25,795
72.9
24,693
1,102
4.32001
26,269
72.7
25,030
1,239
4.72002
26,140
72.2
24,612
1,529
5.82003
26,202
71.7
24,598
1,603
6.12004
25,913
70.7
24,413
1,501
5.82005
25,941
70.5
24,564
1,377
5.32006
26,009
70.6
24,728
1,281
4.92007
26,834
71.3
25,646
1,188
4.42008
25,930
71.2
24,637
1,294
5.02009
26,122
71.6
24,079
2,043
7.82010
25,783
71.3
23,510
2,273
8.82011
25,376
70.9
23,109
2,266
8.92012
25,384
70.9
23,366
2,018
7.92013
25,112
70.3
23,121
1,991
7.92014
25,209
70.8
23,542
1,667
6.62015
25,107
69.9
23,841
1,265
5.02016
25,070
70.8
23,877
1,193
4.8**With children ages 6 to 17, none younger**1975
8,917
54.9
8,218
700
7.91976
9,388
56.2
8,769
621
6.61977
10,040
58.3
9,389
650
6.51978
10,401
60.0
9,845
556
5.31979
10,646
61.6
10,030
615
5.81980
11,252
64.3
10,640
612
5.41981
11,490
65.5
10,725
765
6.71982
11,377
65.8
10,440
936
8.21983
11,340
66.3
10,303
1,037
9.11984
11,538
68.1
10,739
799
6.91985
11,826
69.9
10,984
842
7.11986
12,075
70.4
11,320
756
6.31987
12,438
72.0
11,661
778
6.31988
12,683
73.3
12,042
641
5.11989
12,800
74.2
12,168
632
4.91990
12,799
74.7
12,133
666
5.21991
12,691
74.4
12,017
674
5.31992
13,183
75.9
12,391
793
6.01993
13,441
75.4
12,757
684
5.11994
13,863
76.0
13,074
789
5.71995
14,300
76.4
13,608
691
4.81996
14,427
77.2
13,794
633
4.41997
14,993
78.1
14,282
711
4.71998
15,028
78.4
14,370
658
4.41999
15,150
78.5
14,633
516
3.42000
15,479
79.0
14,931
549
3.52001
15,839
79.4
15,220
619
3.92002
15,948
78.6
15,171
777
4.92003
15,993
78.7
15,166
828
5.22004
15,782
77.5
15,006
776
4.92005
15,594
76.9
14,930
663
4.32006
15,579
76.9
14,949
630
4.02007
15,940
77.7
15,341
599
3.82008
15,479
77.5
14,842
636
4.12009
15,625
78.2
14,562
1,063
6.82010
15,247
77.2
14,058
1,189
7.82011
14,973
76.5
13,842
1,131
7.62012
14,922
76.0
13,908
1,014
6.82013
14,941
74.8
13,909
1,032
6.92014
15,227
75.8
14,389
838
5.52015
15,059
74.6
14,437
622
4.12016
15,135
75.0
14,519
616
4.1**With children under age 6**1975
5,699
39.0
4,851
848
14.91976
5,684
40.1
4,957
727
12.81977
5,629
41.2
4,887
742
13.21978
5,983
44.0
5,297
687
11.51979
6,238
45.7
5,594
644
10.31980
6,538
46.8
5,886
652
10.01981
6,933
48.9
6,227
706
10.21982
7,367
49.9
6,414
953
12.91983
7,583
50.5
6,489
1,094
14.41984
8,017
52.1
7,043
974
12.11985
8,215
53.5
7,322
893
10.91986
8,545
54.4
7,602
943
11.01987
8,983
56.7
8,137
846
9.41988
8,862
56.1
8,099
763
8.61989
9,136
56.7
8,478
657
7.21990
9,397
58.2
8,732
664
7.11991
9,636
58.4
8,758
878
9.11992
9,573
58.0
8,662
911
9.51993
9,621
57.9
8,764
857
8.91994
10,328
60.3
9,394
935
9.01995
10,395
62.3
9,587
809
7.81996
10,293
62.3
9,592
701
6.81997
10,610
65.0
9,800
810
7.61998
10,619
65.2
9,839
780
7.31999
10,322
64.4
9,674
648
6.32000
10,316
65.3
9,763
553
5.42001
10,430
64.4
9,810
620
5.92002
10,193
64.1
9,441
752
7.42003
10,209
62.9
9,433
776
7.62004
10,131
62.2
9,407
724
7.12005
10,347
62.6
9,634
714
6.92006
10,430
63.0
9,779
651
6.22007
10,894
63.5
10,305
589
5.42008
10,452
63.6
9,794
657
6.32009
10,497
63.6
9,517
980
9.32010
10,536
64.2
9,452
1,085
10.32011
10,403
64.2
9,268
1,135
10.92012
10,462
64.7
9,458
1,004
9.62013
10,171
64.7
9,212
958
9.42014
9,982
64.3
9,153
829
8.32015
10,048
63.9
9,405
643
6.42016
9,934
65.3
9,358
576
5.8**With children under age 3**1975
2,824
34.3
2,326
500
17.71976
2,702
34.1
2,285
418
15.51977
2,795
35.4
2,371
424
15.21978
3,179
39.4
2,768
411
12.91979
3,380
41.1
2,979
401
11.91980
3,565
41.9
3,167
398
11.21981
3,826
44.3
3,380
446
11.71982
4,133
45.6
3,542
591
14.31983
4,233
46.0
3,551
682
16.11984
4,401
47.6
3,839
562
12.81985
4,601
49.5
4,089
513
11.11986
4,786
50.8
4,227
559
11.71987
5,064
52.9
4,570
494
9.81988
4,947
52.4
4,477
470
9.51989
5,053
52.4
4,671
381
7.51990
5,216
53.6
4,823
393
7.51991
5,417
54.5
4,868
550
10.11992
5,329
54.5
4,776
553
10.41993
5,349
53.9
4,857
492
9.21994
5,724
57.1
5,165
559
9.81995
5,650
58.7
5,172
478
8.51996
5,619
59.0
5,222
397
7.11997
5,839
61.8
5,366
473
8.11998
5,882
62.2
5,454
428
7.31999
5,645
60.7
5,285
359
6.42000
5,670
61.0
5,350
320
5.62001
5,743
60.7
5,350
393
6.82002
5,600
60.5
5,160
440
7.92003
5,568
58.7
5,112
456
8.22004
5,401
57.3
4,983
417
7.72005
5,704
58.9
5,299
405
7.12006
5,842
59.9
5,458
384
6.62007
6,006
60.1
5,679
327
5.52008
5,754
59.6
5,380
374
6.52009
5,960
61.1
5,401
559
9.42010
5,878
61.1
5,240
638
10.92011
5,639
60.9
5,006
633
11.22012
5,529
60.7
4,960
569
10.32013
5,448
62.1
4,937
511
9.42014
5,358
61.8
4,870
487
9.12015
5,494
61.4
5,119
375
6.82016
5,486
63.1
5,165
322
5.9**With no children under age 18**1975
22,365
45.1
20,381
1,984
8.91976
23,327
45.7
21,389
1,938
8.31977
24,385
46.4
22,348
2,037
8.41978
25,362
47.0
23,631
1,731
6.81979
26,962
48.6
25,285
1,677
6.21980
27,144
48.1
25,375
1,769
6.51981
27,992
48.7
25,934
2,059
7.41982
28,351
48.6
26,041
2,311
8.21983
28,856
48.7
26,373
2,483
8.61984
29,684
49.3
27,652
2,032
6.81985
30,850
50.4
28,814
2,036
6.61986
31,112
50.5
29,107
2,005
6.41987
31,538
50.5
29,688
1,850
5.91988
32,490
51.2
30,911
1,580
4.91989
33,255
51.9
31,761
1,495
4.51990
33,942
52.3
32,391
1,551
4.61991
34,047
52.0
32,167
1,880
5.51992
34,487
52.3
32,481
2,006
5.81993
34,495
52.1
32,476
2,020
5.91994
35,455
53.1
33,345
2,110
6.01995
35,843
52.9
34,054
1,789
5.01996
36,509
53.0
34,698
1,811
5.01997
37,295
53.6
35,572
1,723
4.61998
38,253
54.1
36,680
1,573
4.11999
39,314
54.3
37,587
1,727
4.42000
40,142
54.8
38,408
1,733
4.32001
40,996
54.4
39,363
1,633
4.02002
41,278
54.0
39,038
2,241
5.42003
42,039
54.1
39,667
2,372
5.62004
42,289
53.8
40,000
2,289
5.42005
42,677
53.5
40,570
2,107
4.92006
43,392
53.6
41,440
1,952
4.52007
44,039
53.9
42,279
1,760
4.02008
45,585
54.3
43,417
2,168
4.82009
45,649
53.8
42,343
3,306
7.22010
46,098
53.5
42,256
3,842
8.32011
46,198
53.0
42,569
3,629
7.92012
47,222
52.6
43,494
3,728
7.92013
47,607
52.3
44,294
3,313
7.02014
48,076
52.1
44,980
3,096
6.42015
48,273
51.7
45,794
2,479
5.12016
49,663
52.1
47,180
2,484
5.0Note: Children are "own" children and include sons, daughters, step-children, or adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, 1975–2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.




Table 8. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population, 25 to 64 years of age, by educational attainment and gender, 2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Educational attainment and gender
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Not in labor forceTotal
Percentage of population
Employed
UnemployedTotal
Percentage of population
Total
Percentage of labor force**Total**Total, 25 to 64 years
167,068
128,713
77.0
123,528
73.9
5,185
4.0
38,355Less than a high school diploma
16,452
9,997
60.8
9,234
56.1
763
7.6
6,454High school graduates, no college
46,248
33,333
72.1
31,572
68.3
1,761
5.3
12,915Some college or associate's degree
45,723
35,560
77.8
34,112
74.6
1,448
4.1
10,163College graduates, total
58,645
49,823
85.0
48,609
82.9
1,214
2.4
8,822Bachelor's degree
37,427
31,355
83.8
30,520
81.5
835
2.7
6,071Advanced degree
21,219
18,468
87.0
18,089
85.2
379
2.1
2,751Master's degree
15,886
13,658
86.0
13,352
84.1
305
2.2
2,228Professional degree
2,482
2,217
89.3
2,182
87.9
34
1.6
266Doctoral degree
2,850
2,593
91.0
2,554
89.6
39
1.5
257WomenTotal, 25 to 64 years
85,391
60,049
70.3
57,604
67.5
2,445
4.1
25,342Less than a high school diploma
7,735
3,600
46.5
3,269
42.3
331
9.2
4,135High school graduates, no college
21,745
13,729
63.1
12,990
59.7
739
5.4
8,016Some college or associate's degree
24,600
17,751
72.2
17,016
69.2
735
4.1
6,849College graduates, total
31,310
24,969
79.7
24,329
77.7
640
2.6
6,341Bachelor's degree
19,828
15,449
77.9
15,023
75.8
427
2.8
4,379Advanced degree
11,482
9,519
82.9
9,306
81.1
213
2.2
1,963Master's degree
9,044
7,402
81.8
7,227
79.9
175
2.4
1,642Professional degree
1,148
967
84.2
949
82.6
18
1.9
181Doctoral degree
1,290
1,150
89.2
1,130
87.6
20
1.8
140MenTotal, 25 to 64 years
81,678
68,664
84.1
65,924
80.7
2,740
4.0
13,013Less than a high school diploma
8,716
6,397
73.4
5,965
68.4
432
6.7
2,320High school graduates, no college
24,503
19,604
80.0
18,583
75.8
1,021
5.2
4,899Some college or associate's degree
21,123
17,809
84.3
17,096
80.9
712
4.0
3,314College graduates, total
27,336
24,854
90.9
24,280
88.8
574
2.3
2,481Bachelor's degree
17,599
15,906
90.4
15,497
88.1
409
2.6
1,693Advanced degree
9,737
8,948
91.9
8,782
90.2
166
1.9
788Master's degree
6,842
6,256
91.4
6,125
89.5
131
2.1
586Professional degree
1,334
1,250
93.7
1,233
92.4
16
1.3
84Doctoral degree
1,561
1,443
92.5
1,424
91.3
19
1.3
118Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 9A. Percent distribution of the civilian labor force, 25 to 64 years of age, by educational attainment and gender, 1970–1991

Year
Civilian labor force (thousands)
Percent distributionTotal
High school
CollegeLess than 4 years
4 years, no college
1 to 3 years
4 years or more**Total**1970
61,765
100.0
36.1
38.1
11.8
14.11971
62,344
100.0
34.5
38.4
12.3
14.81972
63,704
100.0
33.3
38.8
12.4
15.51973
64,775
100.0
30.9
39.7
13.0
16.41974
66,527
100.0
29.3
39.5
13.7
17.51975
67,774
100.0
27.5
39.7
14.4
18.31976
69,243
100.0
25.8
39.6
15.2
19.41977
71,324
100.0
24.9
39.2
15.7
20.21978
73,504
100.0
23.7
39.2
16.5
20.61979
75,781
100.0
21.8
39.5
17.3
21.31980
78,010
100.0
20.6
39.8
17.6
22.01981
80,273
100.0
19.7
40.6
17.7
22.01982
81,516
100.0
18.8
40.8
17.3
23.11983
83,615
100.0
17.8
39.9
18.1
24.21984
86,001
100.0
16.7
40.2
18.4
24.71985
88,424
100.0
15.9
40.2
19.0
24.91986
90,500
100.0
15.5
40.2
19.5
24.81987
92,966
100.0
14.9
40.2
19.7
25.31988
94,870
100.0
14.7
39.9
19.7
25.71989
97,318
100.0
14.0
39.6
20.0
26.41990
99,175
100.0
13.4
39.5
20.7
26.41991
100,480
100.0
13.0
39.4
21.1
26.5**Women**1970
22,462
100.0
33.5
44.3
10.9
11.21971
22,804
100.0
32.2
44.2
11.9
11.81972
23,606
100.0
30.7
45.1
11.8
12.41973
24,158
100.0
28.4
45.9
12.4
13.31974
25,203
100.0
26.7
45.3
13.4
14.61975
26,146
100.0
26.5
45.5
13.9
14.11976
27,166
100.0
24.0
45.1
14.7
16.21977
28,369
100.0
22.8
45.1
15.2
16.91978
29,738
100.0
22.0
44.9
16.1
17.01979
31,151
100.0
20.1
45.0
17.1
17.81980
32,593
100.0
18.4
45.4
17.4
18.71981
33,910
100.0
17.4
46.1
17.9
18.61982
34,870
100.0
16.6
45.6
18.3
19.51983
35,712
100.0
15.6
44.8
18.8
20.91984
37,234
100.0
14.5
44.9
18.9
21.71985
38,779
100.0
13.7
44.4
19.9
22.01986
39,767
100.0
13.2
44.3
20.3
22.21987
41,105
100.0
12.5
44.0
20.7
22.81988
42,254
100.0
12.4
43.3
21.2
23.11989
43,650
100.0
11.9
42.9
20.9
24.31990
44,699
100.0
11.3
42.4
21.9
24.51991
45,315
100.0
10.9
41.6
22.2
25.2**Men**1970
39,303
100.0
37.5
34.5
12.2
15.71971
39,539
100.0
35.9
35.1
12.5
16.51972
40,098
100.0
34.8
35.1
12.8
17.31973
40,617
100.0
32.4
36.0
13.4
18.21974
41,344
100.0
30.8
36.0
13.9
19.31975
41,628
100.0
28.9
36.1
14.8
20.21976
42,077
100.0
27.0
36.0
15.5
21.51977
42,954
100.0
26.3
35.3
16.1
22.31978
43,766
100.0
24.8
35.3
16.9
23.01979
44,630
100.0
23.0
35.7
17.5
23.81980
45,417
100.0
22.2
35.7
17.7
24.31981
46,363
100.0
21.5
36.5
17.4
24.61982
47,144
100.0
20.3
36.8
17.5
25.51983
47,903
100.0
19.4
36.3
17.7
26.61984
48,767
100.0
18.4
36.7
18.0
26.91985
49,647
100.0
17.7
36.9
18.3
27.11986
50,733
100.0
17.2
37.0
18.9
26.91987
51,860
100.0
16.8
37.1
18.9
27.21988
52,616
100.0
16.5
37.3
18.5
27.81989
53,668
100.0
15.7
36.9
19.2
28.21990
54,476
100.0
15.1
37.2
19.7
28.01991
55,165
100.0
14.7
37.5
20.2
27.6Note: Data from 1970–1991 are from the March Current Population Survey. The educational attainment categories for these years were based on the number of years of school completed. Data beginning in 1992 are annual averages, and the educational attainment categories are based on the highest diploma or degree received.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 9B. Percent distribution of the civilian labor force, 25 to 64 years of age, by educational attainment and gender, 1992–2016

Year
Civilian labor force (thousands)
Percent distributionTotal
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college(1)
Some college or associate's degree
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)**Total**1992
103,018
100.0
12.1
35.7
25.6
26.61993
104,237
100.0
11.3
35.1
26.6
27.01994
105,610
100.0
10.8
33.9
27.7
27.61995
107,032
100.0
10.4
33.2
28.1
28.31996
108,932
100.0
10.6
32.9
27.8
28.71997
110,945
100.0
10.6
32.9
27.5
29.01998
111,932
100.0
10.5
32.4
27.4
29.81999
113,095
100.0
10.0
31.8
27.6
30.52000
115,750
100.0
10.1
31.4
27.8
30.72001
116,893
100.0
10.1
30.9
28.0
31.02002
118,028
100.0
10.0
30.7
27.7
31.62003
119,621
100.0
9.9
30.3
27.6
32.12004
120,135
100.0
9.7
30.1
27.7
32.42005
121,752
100.0
9.8
29.9
27.8
32.52006
123,550
100.0
9.7
29.6
27.7
33.02007
125,104
100.0
9.3
29.2
27.7
33.82008
126,011
100.0
9.0
28.8
28.0
34.22009
126,247
100.0
9.0
28.6
28.0
34.42010
126,237
100.0
8.9
28.6
27.9
34.62011
125,508
100.0
8.7
28.0
28.0
35.32012
125,963
100.0
8.4
27.4
28.2
36.02013
125,892
100.0
8.2
27.1
28.0
36.72014
126,269
100.0
8.0
26.7
27.9
37.32015
127,106
100.0
8.1
25.9
27.7
38.22016
128,713
100.0
7.8
25.9
27.6
38.7**Women**1992
46,589
100.0
10.3
37.4
27.3
25.01993
47,245
100.0
9.3
36.6
28.4
25.71994
48,405
100.0
9.0
35.0
29.8
26.21995
49,247
100.0
8.8
34.1
30.2
26.91996
50,240
100.0
8.8
33.6
29.9
27.81997
51,261
100.0
8.7
33.5
29.4
28.41998
51,678
100.0
8.8
32.7
29.4
29.21999
52,525
100.0
8.5
32.1
29.5
29.92000
53,749
100.0
8.5
31.6
29.8
30.12001
54,229
100.0
8.4
31.0
30.2
30.42002
54,710
100.0
8.1
30.6
29.9
31.32003
55,596
100.0
7.9
30.0
29.9
32.22004
55,616
100.0
7.7
29.4
30.2
32.62005
56,322
100.0
7.7
28.7
30.2
33.32006
57,201
100.0
7.6
28.3
30.2
33.92007
57,791
100.0
7.1
27.9
30.1
34.92008
58,465
100.0
6.9
27.2
30.4
35.62009
58,787
100.0
7.0
26.7
30.3
36.02010
58,808
100.0
6.8
26.4
30.3
36.42011
58,520
100.0
6.7
25.8
30.4
37.12012
59,031
100.0
6.5
25.0
30.4
38.12013
58,812
100.0
6.3
24.6
30.1
39.02014
58,983
100.0
6.1
24.1
29.8
40.02015
59,252
100.0
6.1
23.2
29.6
41.12016
60,049
100.0
6.0
22.9
29.6
41.6**Men**1992
56,428
100.0
13.7
34.2
24.3
27.81993
56,992
100.0
12.9
33.9
25.1
28.11994
57,205
100.0
12.4
33.0
25.9
28.81995
57,784
100.0
11.8
32.4
26.3
29.41996
58,692
100.0
12.2
32.3
26.1
29.41997
59,684
100.0
12.2
32.4
25.9
29.61998
60,255
100.0
12.0
32.1
25.6
30.31999
60,570
100.0
11.4
31.6
26.0
31.02000
62,001
100.0
11.5
31.2
26.1
31.22001
62,664
100.0
11.5
30.9
26.2
31.42002
63,318
100.0
11.6
30.8
25.8
31.82003
64,025
100.0
11.7
30.6
25.6
32.12004
64,519
100.0
11.5
30.7
25.6
32.32005
65,430
100.0
11.5
30.9
25.7
31.92006
66,350
100.0
11.5
30.6
25.5
32.32007
67,313
100.0
11.2
30.4
25.6
32.92008
67,546
100.0
10.9
30.2
25.9
33.02009
67,460
100.0
10.8
30.3
25.9
33.02010
67,429
100.0
10.6
30.6
25.8
33.02011
66,989
100.0
10.4
30.0
26.0
33.72012
66,932
100.0
10.0
29.6
26.2
34.12013
67,081
100.0
9.8
29.2
26.2
34.72014
67,287
100.0
9.8
29.1
26.2
35.02015
67,853
100.0
9.9
28.4
26.0
35.72016
68,664
100.0
9.3
28.6
25.9
36.2(1) Includes people with a high school diploma or equivalent.

(2) Includes people with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.

Note: Data from 1970–1991 are from the March Current Population Survey. The educational attainment categories for these years were based on the number of years of school completed. Data beginning in 1992 are annual averages, and the educational attainment categories are based on the highest diploma or degree received.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 10. Employed people, by occupation and gender, 2015 and 2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Occupation and gender
Year2015
2016Number
Percent
Number
Percent**Total**Total, 16 years and older
148,834
100.0
151,436
100.0Management, professional, and related occupations
57,960
38.9
59,438
39.2Management, business, and financial operations occupations
24,108
16.2
24,941
16.5Professional and related occupations
33,852
22.7
34,498
22.8Service occupations
25,896
17.4
26,811
17.7Sales and office occupations
33,598
22.6
33,539
22.1Sales and related occupations
15,700
10.5
15,848
10.5Office and administrative support occupations
17,897
12.0
17,691
11.7Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
13,733
9.2
13,904
9.2Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
1,073
0.7
1,096
0.7Construction and extraction occupations
7,652
5.1
7,929
5.2Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
5,008
3.4
4,879
3.2Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
17,647
11.9
17,743
11.7Production occupations
8,522
5.7
8,459
5.6Transportation and material moving occupations
9,125
6.1
9,284
6.1**Women**Total, 16 years and older
69,703
100.0
70,868
100.0Management, professional, and related occupations
29,871
42.9
30,593
43.2Management, business, and financial operations occupations
10,519
15.1
10,922
15.4Professional and related occupations
19,351
27.8
19,671
27.8Service occupations
14,686
21.1
15,186
21.4Sales and office occupations
20,659
29.6
20,516
28.9Sales and related occupations
7,741
11.1
7,761
11.0Office and administrative support occupations
12,918
18.5
12,755
18.0Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
642
0.9
657
0.9Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
260
0.4
244
0.3Construction and extraction occupations
207
0.3
236
0.3Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
175
0.3
177
0.2Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
3,846
5.5
3,916
5.5Production occupations
2,452
3.5
2,385
3.4Transportation and material moving occupations
1,394
2.0
1,531
2.2**Men**Total, 16 years and older
79,131
100.0
80,568
100.0Management, professional, and related occupations
28,090
35.5
28,846
35.8Management, business, and financial operations occupations
13,589
17.2
14,019
17.4Professional and related occupations
14,501
18.3
14,827
18.4Service occupations
11,209
14.2
11,625
14.4Sales and office occupations
12,939
16.4
13,023
16.2Sales and related occupations
7,960
10.1
8,088
10.0Office and administrative support occupations
4,980
6.3
4,936
6.1Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
13,091
16.5
13,247
16.4Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
813
1.0
852
1.1Construction and extraction occupations
7,445
9.4
7,693
9.5Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
4,833
6.1
4,703
5.8Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
13,801
17.4
13,826
17.2Production occupations
6,070
7.7
6,073
7.5Transportation and material moving occupations
7,731
9.8
7,753
9.6Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 11. Employed people, by detailed occupation, 2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Occupation
Total employed
Percent women**Total, 16 years and older**
151,436
46.8Management, professional, and related occupations
59,438
51.5Management, business, and financial operations occupations
24,941
43.8Management occupations
17,418
39.1Chief executives
1,649
27.3General and operations managers
949
29.8Legislators
20
–Advertising and promotions managers
67
56.5Marketing and sales managers
1,066
45.3Public relations and fundraising managers
62
70.9Administrative services managers
181
42.6Computer and information systems managers
597
25.5Financial managers
1,197
52.5Compensation and benefits managers
20
–Human resources managers
287
74.2Training and development managers
58
58.5Industrial production managers
275
23.2Purchasing managers
203
47.4Transportation, storage, and distribution managers
299
17.1Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers
1,042
24.8Construction managers
812
7.4Education administrators
954
65.1Architectural and engineering managers
136
5.3Food service managers
1,157
45.9Funeral service managers
15
–Gaming managers
16
–Lodging managers
166
52.2Medical and health services managers
593
72.3Natural sciences managers
14
–Postmasters and mail superintendents
25
–Property, real estate, and community association managers
709
46.5Social and community service managers
421
70.5Emergency management directors
10
–Managers, all other
4,420
34.4Business and financial operations occupations
7,523
54.7Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes
38
–Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products
11
–Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products
207
53.1Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products
272
48.0Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators
349
62.2Compliance officers
270
57.1Cost estimators
113
12.0Human resources workers
693
74.6Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists
77
72.1Training and development specialists
156
60.7Logisticians
115
32.3Management analysts
902
41.7Meeting, convention, and event planners
162
77.6Fundraisers
86
66.5Market research analysts and marketing specialists
302
55.0Business operations specialists, all other
290
60.9Accountants and auditors
1,777
61.3Appraisers and assessors of real estate
73
35.6Budget analysts
53
51.3Credit analysts
27
–Financial analysts
307
36.9Personal financial advisors
513
31.6Insurance underwriters
104
62.5Financial examiners
14
–Credit counselors and loan officers
367
57.7Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents
68
63.8Tax preparers
108
63.2Financial specialists, all other
68
55.7Professional and related occupations
34,498
57.0Computer and mathematical occupations
4,601
25.5Computer and information research scientists
20
–Computer systems analysts
526
35.7Information security analysts
89
21.8Computer programmers
466
22.6Software developers, applications and systems software
1,483
20.0Web developers
205
33.6Computer support specialists
570
25.5Database administrators
90
46.2Network and computer systems administrators
218
17.1Computer network architects
115
9.7Computer occupations, all other
596
23.4Actuaries
14
–Mathematicians
4
–Operations research analysts
129
55.4Statisticians
74
52.5Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations
2
–Architecture and engineering occupations
3,106
14.2Architects, except naval
246
26.0Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists
34
–Aerospace engineers
130
7.8Agricultural engineers
2
–Biomedical engineers
13
–Chemical engineers
79
20.1Civil engineers
425
10.8Computer hardware engineers
69
24.7Electrical and electronics engineers
293
10.8Environmental engineers
33
–Industrial engineers, including health and safety
220
20.3Marine engineers and naval architects
13
–Materials engineers
31
–Mechanical engineers
350
6.4Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers
9
–Nuclear engineers
7
–Petroleum engineers
36
–Engineers, all other
539
12.2Drafters
109
15.0Engineering technicians, except drafters
385
19.8Surveying and mapping technicians
83
7.9Life, physical, and social science occupations
1,367
44.0Agricultural and food scientists
35
–Biological scientists
96
43.4Conservation scientists and foresters
31
–Medical scientists
154
46.9Life scientists, all other
3
–Astronomers and physicists
19
–Atmospheric and space scientists
6
–Chemists and materials scientists
95
34.6Environmental scientists and geoscientists
89
30.0Physical scientists, all other
261
45.0Economists
26
–Survey researchers
3
–Psychologists
161
67.5Sociologists
3
–Urban and regional planners
38
–Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers
39
–Agricultural and food science technicians
35
–Biological technicians
17
–Chemical technicians
76
34.6Geological and petroleum technicians
18
–Nuclear technicians
5
–Social science research assistants
2
–Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians
155
51.0Community and social service occupations
2,612
65.5Counselors
869
73.0Social workers
781
81.5Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists
102
57.4Social and human service assistants
184
80.5Miscellaneous community and social service specialists, including health educators and community health workers
89
74.9Clergy
436
17.6Directors, religious activities and education
78
55.0Religious workers, all other
73
64.4Legal occupations
1,808
51.8Lawyers
1,133
35.7Judicial law clerks
15
–Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers
59
34.2Paralegals and legal assistants
433
86.7Miscellaneous legal support workers
168
77.0Education, training, and library occupations
8,948
73.1Postsecondary teachers
1,420
48.3Preschool and kindergarten teachers
692
97.5Elementary and middle school teachers
3,186
78.5Secondary school teachers
1,078
60.5Special education teachers
353
85.2Other teachers and instructors
868
65.3Archivists, curators, and museum technicians
43
–Librarians
190
83.8Library technicians
37
–Teacher assistants
950
89.3Other education, training, and library workers
132
71.4Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
3,097
48.5Artists and related workers
232
56.6Designers
878
54.8Actors
47
–Producers and directors
173
38.5Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers
312
34.2Dancers and choreographers
17
–Musicians, singers, and related workers
192
40.4Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other
49
–Announcers
59
20.9News analysts, reporters and correspondents
73
48.8Public relations specialists
121
58.9Editors
167
52.4Technical writers
61
55.7Writers and authors
229
62.8Miscellaneous media and communication workers
116
68.7Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators
111
15.2Photographers
205
47.7Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors
54
21.4Media and communication equipment workers, all other
1
–Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
8,960
75.6Chiropractors
51
27.4Dentists
163
34.4Dietitians and nutritionists
120
89.4Optometrists
36
–Pharmacists
306
59.9Physicians and surgeons
1,061
38.2Physician assistants
92
70.0Podiatrists
12
–Audiologists
15
–Occupational therapists
118
89.2Physical therapists
290
69.3Radiation therapists
13
–Recreational therapists
11
–Respiratory therapists
84
73.5Speech-language pathologists
162
97.5Exercise physiologists
2
–Therapists, all other
205
82.6Veterinarians
101
63.2Registered nurses
3,102
90.0Nurse anesthetists
23
–Nurse midwives
6
–Nurse practitioners
176
94.0Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other
32
–Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians
361
68.5Dental hygienists
169
97.1Diagnostic related technologists and technicians
311
73.0Emergency medical technicians and paramedics
194
35.7Health practitioner support technologists and technicians
610
79.5Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses
653
90.0Medical records and health information technicians
184
92.1Opticians, dispensing
55
69.7Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians
130
65.6Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
114
51.7Service occupations
26,811
56.6Healthcare support occupations
3,554
87.7Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides
2,058
88.1Occupational therapy assistants and aides
20
–Physical therapist assistants and aides
70
69.4Massage therapists
170
80.7Dental assistants
294
93.3Medical assistants
570
92.9Medical transcriptionists
39
–Pharmacy aides
36
–Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers
39
–Phlebotomists
101
86.5Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations, including medical equipment preparers
156
73.9Protective service occupations
3,117
22.3First-line supervisors of correctional officers
61
34.0First-line supervisors of police and detectives
114
18.3First-line supervisors of fire fighting and prevention workers
44
–First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other
88
23.5Firefighters
252
3.5Fire inspectors
27
–Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers
383
28.2Detectives and criminal investigators
130
23.6Fish and game wardens
9
–Parking enforcement workers
8
–Police and sheriff’s patrol officers
708
14.1Transit and railroad police
2
–Animal control workers
9
–Private detectives and investigators
94
44.0Security guards and gaming surveillance officers
923
22.0Crossing guards
72
60.4Transportation security screeners
44
–Lifeguards and other recreational, and all other protective service workers
149
44.2Food preparation and serving related occupations
8,542
53.5Chefs and head cooks
460
21.4First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers
543
57.7Cooks
2,179
38.7Food preparation workers
1,000
58.2Bartenders
454
56.1Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food
420
63.5Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop
214
67.2Waiters and waitresses
2,085
70.0Food servers, nonrestaurant
213
71.3Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers
331
42.9Dishwashers
319
18.0Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop
319
80.8Food preparation and serving related workers, all other
3
–Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
5,804
40.1First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers
323
39.9First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers
231
4.6Janitors and building cleaners
2,276
34.2Maids and housekeeping cleaners
1,485
89.6Pest control workers
79
2.6Grounds maintenance workers
1,411
5.4Personal care and service occupations
5,795
77.3First-line supervisors of gaming workers
206
46.4First-line supervisors of personal service workers
191
70.5Animal trainers
61
47.3Nonfarm animal caretakers
233
76.9Gaming services workers
92
47.9Motion picture projectionists
6
–Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers
40
–Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers
199
41.0Embalmers and funeral attendants
12
–Morticians, undertakers, and funeral directors
40
–Barbers
126
11.7Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists
806
92.4Miscellaneous personal appearance workers
364
86.1Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges
66
17.5Tour and travel guides
53
40.2Childcare workers
1,280
94.4Personal care aides
1,396
84.9Recreation and fitness workers
440
62.2Residential advisors
42
–Personal care and service workers, all other
142
56.5Sales and office occupations
33,539
61.2Sales and related occupations
15,848
49.0First-line supervisors of retail sales workers
3,282
44.1First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers
1,180
26.8Cashiers
3,260
73.2Counter and rental clerks
105
46.6Parts salespersons
117
13.8Retail salespersons
3,312
48.4Advertising sales agents
222
45.5Insurance sales agents
630
46.5Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents
263
30.4Travel agents
83
84.7Sales representatives, services, all other
512
31.8Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing
1,308
29.1Models, demonstrators, and product promoters
59
67.4Real estate brokers and sales agents
977
55.5Sales engineers
43
–Telemarketers
61
64.0Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers
160
62.5Sales and related workers, all others
274
47.2Office and administrative support occupations
17,691
72.1First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers
1,352
68.5Switchboard operators, including answering service
25
–Telephone operators
41
–Communications equipment operators, all other
5
–Bill and account collectors
152
67.4Billing and posting clerks
452
89.0Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks
1,137
88.5Gaming cage workers
12
–Payroll and timekeeping clerks
129
90.7Procurement clerks
27
–Tellers
342
81.7Financial clerks, all other
69
63.9Brokerage clerks
3
–Correspondence clerks
7
–Court, municipal, and license clerks
80
71.1Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks
44
–Customer service representatives
2,388
65.0Eligibility interviewers, government programs
77
75.2File clerks
183
82.7Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks
138
66.1Interviewers, except eligibility and loan
152
88.1Library assistants, clerical
87
86.2Loan interviewers and clerks
132
79.0New accounts clerks
24
–Order clerks
105
57.3Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping
42
–Receptionists and information clerks
1,331
90.1Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks
144
55.1Information and record clerks, all other
118
71.9Cargo and freight agents
27
–Couriers and messengers
227
18.4Dispatchers
292
55.7Meter readers, utilities
31
–Postal service clerks
121
53.7Postal service mail carriers
320
38.9Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators
60
42.4Production, planning, and expediting clerks
245
51.5Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks
546
33.9Stock clerks and order fillers
1,530
37.0Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping
51
52.0Secretaries and administrative assistants
2,744
94.6Computer operators
91
50.8Data entry keyers
272
77.6Word processors and typists
82
88.9Desktop publishers
0
–Insurance claims and policy processing clerks
273
85.2Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service
77
43.5Office clerks, general
1,295
82.8Office machine operators, except computer
35
–Proofreaders and copy markers
12
–Statistical assistants
9
–Office and administrative support workers, all other
551
75.8Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
13,904
4.7Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
1,096
22.3First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers
48
–Agricultural inspectors
19
–Animal breeders
7
–Graders and sorters, agricultural products
85
65.5Miscellaneous agricultural workers
818
21.0Fishers and related fishing workers
29
–Hunters and trappers
1
–Forest and conservation workers
21
–Logging workers
68
0.9Construction and extraction occupations
7,929
3.0First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers
680
2.6Boilermakers
23
–Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons
160
0.5Carpenters
1,359
2.1Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers
168
1.9Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers
56
2.2Construction laborers
1,801
3.5Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators
13
–Pile-driver operators
2
–Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators
351
2.3Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers
180
1.1Electricians
774
3.0Glaziers
54
1.4Insulation workers
50
5.2Painters, construction and maintenance
612
6.2Paperhangers
4
–Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters
583
1.4Plasterers and stucco masons
34
–Reinforcing iron and rebar workers
12
–Roofers
230
1.7Sheet metal workers
126
2.9Structural iron and steel workers
60
2.0Solar photovoltaic installers
10
–Helpers, construction trades
57
6.2Construction and building inspectors
93
6.4Elevator installers and repairers
44
–Fence erectors
43
–Hazardous materials removal workers
34
–Highway maintenance workers
92
3.2Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators
10
–Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners
10
–Miscellaneous construction and related workers
34
–Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining
25
–Earth drillers, except oil and gas
33
–Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters
11
–Mining machine operators
55
1.5Roof bolters, mining
4
–Roustabouts, oil and gas
6
–Helpers--extraction workers
4
–Other extraction workers
32
–Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
4,879
3.6First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers
264
10.1Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers
212
9.6Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers
143
16.1Avionics technicians
7
–Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers
25
–Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment
2
–Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility
13
–Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles
10
–Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers
44
–Security and fire alarm systems installers
79
1.8Aircraft mechanics and service technicians
140
1.7Automotive body and related repairers
147
3.6Automotive glass installers and repairers
22
–Automotive service technicians and mechanics
879
1.7Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists
342
0.8Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics
203
0.5Small engine mechanics
51
3.5Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers
87
1.7Control and valve installers and repairers
33
–Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers
427
1.4Home appliance repairers
49
–Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics
393
3.3Maintenance and repair workers, general
552
3.0Maintenance workers, machinery
21
–Millwrights
40
–Electrical power-line installers and repairers
136
0.6Telecommunications line installers and repairers
171
2.5Precision instrument and equipment repairers
66
14.9Wind turbine service technicians
5
–Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers
38
–Commercial divers
1
–Locksmiths and safe repairers
30
–Manufactured building and mobile home installers
10
–Riggers
13
–Signal and track switch repairers
7
–Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers
19
–Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers
198
6.1Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
17,743
22.1Production occupations
8,459
28.2First-line supervisors of production and operating workers
763
18.7Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers
5
–Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers
117
49.3Engine and other machine assemblers
9
–Structural metal fabricators and fitters
22
–Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators
1,082
34.4Bakers
224
64.8Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers
277
26.9Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders
24
–Food batchmakers
107
58.7Food cooking machine operators and tenders
10
–Food processing workers, all other
138
37.4Computer control programmers and operators
87
5.2Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
13
–Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
5
–Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
13
–Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
83
18.3Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
8
–Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
48
–Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
14
–Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
6
–Machinists
356
3.4Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters
31
–Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic
4
–Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
33
–Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
3
–Tool and die makers
50
3.0Welding, soldering, and brazing workers
603
4.1Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
3
–Layout workers, metal and plastic
7
–Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
20
–Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners
5
–Metal workers and plastic workers, all other
379
20.0Prepress technicians and workers
22
–Printing press operators
205
20.3Print binding and finishing workers
14
–Laundry and dry-cleaning workers
188
58.1Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials
36
–Sewing machine operators
208
71.5Shoe and leather workers and repairers
8
–Shoe machine operators and tenders
2
–Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers
79
79.7Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders
2
–Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders
9
–Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders
13
–Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders
11
–Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers
0
–Fabric and apparel patternmakers
1
–Upholsterers
36
–Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other
20
–Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters
56
11.9Furniture finishers
19
–Model makers and patternmakers, wood
0
–Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood
35
–Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing
23
–Woodworkers, all other
34
–Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers
44
–Stationary engineers and boiler operators
78
4.7Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators
77
5.2Miscellaneous plant and system operators
38
–Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders
54
10.2Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers
94
11.9Cutting workers
67
22.3Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders
29
–Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders
16
–Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers
734
37.9Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers
40
–Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians
85
51.4Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders
236
50.5Painting workers
173
8.9Photographic process workers and processing machine operators
29
–Semiconductor processors
2
–Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders
11
–Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders
3
–Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders
0
–Etchers and engravers
6
–Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic
24
–Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders
33
–Tire builders
10
–Helpers--production workers
40
–Production workers, all other
968
29.4Transportation and material moving occupations
9,284
16.5Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers
190
21.4Aircraft pilots and flight engineers
141
5.2Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists
26
–Flight attendants
93
75.8Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians
19
–Bus drivers
553
48.7Driver/sales workers and truck drivers
3,542
6.0Taxi drivers and chauffeurs
500
14.3Motor vehicle operators, all other
63
8.8Locomotive engineers and operators
52
3.2Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators
2
–Railroad conductors and yardmasters
55
4.7Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation workers
15
–Sailors and marine oilers
16
–Ship and boat captains and operators
31
–Ship engineers
4
–Bridge and lock tenders
2
–Parking lot attendants
89
10.7Automotive and watercraft service attendants
97
8.6Transportation inspectors
26
–Transportation attendants, except flight attendants
41
–Other transportation workers
34
–Conveyor operators and tenders
3
–Crane and tower operators
63
0.8Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators
37
–Hoist and winch operators
9
–Industrial truck and tractor operators
605
9.6Cleaners of vehicles and equipment
328
13.0Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand
1,900
18.1Machine feeders and offbearers
30
–Packers and packagers, hand
550
54.5Pumping station operators
16
–Refuse and recyclable material collectors
101
8.6Mine shuttle car operators
0
–Tank car, truck, and ship loaders
4
–Material moving workers, all other
45
–Note: Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 50,000).

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 12. Employed women, by occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2016 annual averages (Percent distribution)

Occupation
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity**Total, 16 years and older (thousands)**
54,701
9,511
4,298
10,686Percent
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0Management, professional, and related occupations
44.4
34.8
51.0
27.0Management, business, and financial operations occupations
16.0
11.6
17.8
10.0Professional and related occupations
28.4
23.2
33.2
17.0Service occupations
20.0
28.8
20.3
32.2Sales and office occupations
29.5
28.3
22.1
29.6Sales and related occupations
11.0
10.8
9.6
12.1Office and administrative support occupations
18.5
17.5
12.5
17.5Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
1.0
0.7
0.7
2.1Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
0.4
0.2
0.2
1.1Construction and extraction occupations
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.7Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
5.1
7.4
5.9
9.1Production occupations
3.1
4.0
4.6
5.7Transportation and material moving occupations
2.0
3.4
1.2
3.4Note: Women whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 13. Employed people, by industry and gender, 2015 and 2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Industry and gender
Year2015
2016Number
Percent
Number
Percent**Total**Total, 16 years and older
148,834
100.0
151,436
100.0Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
2,422
1.6
2,460
1.6Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
917
0.6
792
0.5Construction
9,935
6.7
10,328
6.8Manufacturing
15,338
10.3
15,408
10.2Durable goods
9,709
6.5
9,704
6.4Nondurable goods
5,629
3.8
5,704
3.8Wholesale and retail trade
20,320
13.7
20,218
13.4Wholesale trade
3,635
2.4
3,641
2.4Retail trade
16,686
11.2
16,577
10.9Transportation and utilities
7,726
5.2
8,012
5.3Transportation and warehousing
6,459
4.3
6,693
4.4Utilities
1,267
0.9
1,319
0.9Information
2,988
2.0
2,855
1.9Financial activities
10,087
6.8
10,404
6.9Finance and insurance
7,081
4.8
7,241
4.8Real estate and rental and leasing
3,005
2.0
3,163
2.1Professional and business services
17,409
11.7
18,325
12.1Professional and technical services
10,625
7.1
11,228
7.4Management, administrative, and waste services
6,784
4.6
7,097
4.7Education and health services
33,678
22.6
34,263
22.6Educational services
13,601
9.1
13,674
9.0Health care and social assistance
20,077
13.5
20,589
13.6Hospitals
6,698
4.5
6,990
4.6Health services, except hospitals
10,165
6.8
10,220
6.7Social assistance
3,213
2.2
3,379
2.2Leisure and hospitality
13,821
9.3
14,193
9.4Arts, entertainment, and recreation
3,184
2.1
3,241
2.1Accommodation and food services
10,637
7.1
10,952
7.2Other services
7,264
4.9
7,320
4.8Other services, except private households
6,466
4.3
6,596
4.4Private households
798
0.5
724
0.5Public administration
6,928
4.7
6,857
4.5**Women**Total, 16 years and older
69,703
100.0
70,868
100.0Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
597
0.9
621
0.9Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
120
0.2
106
0.1Construction
929
1.3
939
1.3Manufacturing
4,456
6.4
4,460
6.3Durable goods
2,384
3.4
2,418
3.4Nondurable goods
2,073
3.0
2,042
2.9Wholesale and retail trade
9,098
13.1
9,005
12.7Wholesale trade
1,071
1.5
1,074
1.5Retail trade
8,027
11.5
7,932
11.2Transportation and utilities
1,749
2.5
1,883
2.7Transportation and warehousing
1,466
2.1
1,593
2.2Utilities
283
0.4
290
0.4Information
1,169
1.7
1,160
1.6Financial activities
5,345
7.7
5,437
7.7Finance and insurance
3,942
5.7
3,993
5.6Real estate and rental and leasing
1,403
2.0
1,444
2.0Professional and business services
7,149
10.3
7,581
10.7Professional and technical services
4,469
6.4
4,743
6.7Management, administrative, and waste services
2,680
3.8
2,839
4.0Education and health services
25,125
36.0
25,572
36.1Educational services
9,373
13.4
9,360
13.2Health care and social assistance
15,752
22.6
16,212
22.9Hospitals
5,055
7.3
5,359
7.6Health services, except hospitals
7,974
11.4
8,011
11.3Social assistance
2,723
3.9
2,842
4.0Leisure and hospitality
7,066
10.1
7,189
10.1Arts, entertainment, and recreation
1,466
2.1
1,465
2.1Accommodation and food services
5,599
8.0
5,724
8.1Other services
3,764
5.4
3,820
5.4Other services, except private households
3,023
4.3
3,157
4.5Private households
741
1.1
664
0.9Public administration
3,136
4.5
3,095
4.4**Men**Total, 16 years and older
79,131
100.0
80,568
100.0Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
1,826
2.3
1,839
2.3Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
798
1.0
686
0.9Construction
9,006
11.4
9,389
11.7Manufacturing
10,882
13.8
10,948
13.6Durable goods
7,325
9.3
7,286
9.0Nondurable goods
3,556
4.5
3,662
4.5Wholesale and retail trade
11,222
14.2
11,213
13.9Wholesale trade
2,564
3.2
2,567
3.2Retail trade
8,659
10.9
8,645
10.7Transportation and utilities
5,977
7.6
6,129
7.6Transportation and warehousing
4,993
6.3
5,100
6.3Utilities
983
1.2
1,029
1.3Information
1,819
2.3
1,695
2.1Financial activities
4,742
6.0
4,967
6.2Finance and insurance
3,139
4.0
3,248
4.0Real estate and rental and leasing
1,602
2.0
1,719
2.1Professional and business services
10,259
13.0
10,743
13.3Professional and technical services
6,156
7.8
6,485
8.0Management, administrative, and waste services
4,103
5.2
4,258
5.3Education and health services
8,553
10.8
8,691
10.8Educational services
4,229
5.3
4,315
5.4Health care and social assistance
4,325
5.5
4,377
5.4Hospitals
1,643
2.1
1,630
2.0Health services, except hospitals
2,191
2.8
2,209
2.7Social assistance
490
0.6
537
0.7Leisure and hospitality
6,755
8.5
7,005
8.7Arts, entertainment, and recreation
1,717
2.2
1,776
2.2Accommodation and food services
5,038
6.4
5,229
6.5Other services
3,500
4.4
3,500
4.3Other services, except private households
3,443
4.4
3,440
4.3Private households
58
0.1
60
0.1Public administration
3,792
4.8
3,762
4.7Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 14. Employed people, by detailed industry, 2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Industry
Total employed
Percent women**Total, 16 years and older**
151,436
46.8Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
2,460
25.3Crop production
1,206
24.4Animal production and aquaculture
876
27.5Forestry, except logging
58
21.0Logging
101
3.2Fishing, hunting, and trapping
38
–Support activities for agriculture and forestry
180
36.9Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
792
13.4Oil and gas extraction
102
20.2Coal mining
53
4.0Metal ore mining
37
–Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying
106
13.3Not specified type of mining
6
–Support activities for mining
488
13.4Construction
10,328
9.1Manufacturing
15,408
28.9Durable goods manufacturing
9,704
24.9Nonmetallic mineral products manufacturing
450
17.1Pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixture manufacturing
28
–Clay building material and refractories manufacturing
20
–Glass and glass product manufacturing
162
18.8Cement, concrete, lime, and gypsum product manufacturing
149
8.8Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing
92
20.2Primary metals and fabricated metal products manufacturing
1,632
16.8Iron and steel mills and steel product manufacturing
269
12.1Aluminum production and processing
72
19.5Nonferrous metal, except aluminum, production and processing
44
–Foundries
72
7.5Metal forgings and stampings
48
–Cutlery and hand tool manufacturing
43
–Structural metals, and boiler, tank, and shipping container manufacturing
336
14.8Machine shops; turned product; screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing
306
14.6Coating, engraving, heat treating and allied activities
76
21.5Ordnance
50
31.0Miscellaneous fabricated metal products manufacturing
292
21.0Not specified metal industries
26
–Machinery manufacturing
1,186
20.8Agricultural implement manufacturing
110
22.9Construction, and mining and oil and gas field machinery manufacturing
156
16.8Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing
72
25.6Metalworking machinery manufacturing
145
17.9Engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment manufacturing
58
20.3Machinery manufacturing, n.e.c.
634
21.8Not specified machinery manufacturing
12
–Computers and electronic products manufacturing
1,215
30.4Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing
196
30.5Communications, and audio and video equipment manufacturing
152
25.5Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing
218
28.5Electronic component and product manufacturing, n.e.c.
650
32.2Electrical equipment and appliances manufacturing
387
31.6Household appliance manufacturing
75
39.9Electrical lighting and electrical equipment manufacturing, and other electrical component manufacturing, n.e.c.
312
29.6Transportation equipment manufacturing
2,438
24.8Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment manufacturing
1,401
27.8Aircraft and parts manufacturing
729
22.4Aerospace product and parts manufacturing
73
15.0Railroad rolling stock manufacturing
23
–Ship and boat building
174
14.5Other transportation equipment manufacturing
38
–Wood products manufacturing
419
14.4Sawmills and wood preservation
111
8.7Veneer, plywood, and engineered wood products
38
–Prefabricated wood buildings and mobile homes
42
–Miscellaneous wood products
228
14.5Furniture and related product manufacturing
441
26.7Miscellaneous manufacturing
1,536
35.6Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing
585
38.6Sporting and athletic goods, and doll, toy and game manufacturing
97
37.5Miscellaneous manufacturing, n.e.c.
556
33.5Not specified manufacturing industries
297
33.1Nondurable goods manufacturing
5,704
35.8Food manufacturing
1,770
40.3Animal food, grain, and oilseed milling
142
30.5Sugar and confectionery products
80
50.3Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty food manufacturing
157
35.7Dairy product manufacturing
132
22.2Animal slaughtering and processing
481
38.8Retail bakeries
298
64.2Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing, except retail bakeries
217
35.6Seafood and other miscellaneous foods, n.e.c.
216
32.8Not specified food industries
48
–Beverage and tobacco products manufacturing
323
22.7Beverage manufacturing
304
22.1Tobacco manufacturing
19
–Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing
643
54.3Fiber, yarn, and thread mills
9
–Fabric mills, except knitting mills
105
44.2Textile and fabric finishing and coating mills
22
–Carpet and rug mills
76
38.7Textile product mills, except carpet and rug
89
61.1Knitting fabric mills, and apparel knitting mills
21
–Cut and sew apparel manufacturing
253
64.5Apparel accessories and other apparel manufacturing
5
–Footwear manufacturing
42
–Leather tanning and finishing and other allied products manufacturing
21
–Paper manufacturing and printing
909
27.6Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills
203
18.1Paperboard container manufacturing
109
27.1Miscellaneous paper and pulp products
85
28.1Printing and related support activities
511
31.4Petroleum and coal products manufacturing
179
20.3Petroleum refining
167
20.4Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products
12
–Chemicals manufacturing
1,323
34.9Resin, synthetic rubber and fibers, and filaments manufacturing
127
27.3Agricultural chemical manufacturing
35
–Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing
556
44.6Paint, coating, and adhesive manufacturing
70
17.4Soap, cleaning compound, and cosmetics manufacturing
134
50.0Industrial and miscellaneous chemicals
401
22.8Plastics and rubber products manufacturing
556
28.1Plastics product manufacturing
407
29.8Tire manufacturing
65
18.6Rubber product, except tire, manufacturing
83
27.5Wholesale and retail trade
20,218
44.5Wholesale trade
3,641
29.5Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies merchant wholesalers
193
19.2Furniture and home furnishing merchant wholesalers
67
34.5Lumber and other construction materials merchant wholesalers
171
24.8Professional and commercial equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers
320
40.5Metals and minerals, except petroleum merchant wholesalers
52
17.1Household appliances and electrical and electronic goods merchant wholesalers
180
25.9Hardware, plumbing and heating equipment, and supplies merchant wholesalers
164
23.7Machinery, equipment, and supplies merchant wholesalers
371
23.1Recyclable material merchant wholesalers
86
16.9Miscellaneous durable goods merchant wholesalers
113
36.1Paper and paper products merchant wholesalers
54
33.1Drugs, sundries, and chemical and allied products merchant wholesalers
219
48.3Apparel, piece goods, and notions merchant wholesalers
117
48.4Grocery and related product merchant wholesalers
798
24.9Farm product raw material merchant wholesalers
73
25.0Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers
116
22.5Alcoholic beverages merchant wholesalers
139
22.7Farm supplies merchant wholesalers
55
28.5Miscellaneous nondurable goods merchant wholesalers
216
37.2Wholesale electronic markets and agents and brokers
78
40.3Not specified wholesale trade
60
39.7Retail trade
16,577
47.8Automobile dealers
1,411
20.9Other motor vehicle dealers
162
18.9Automotive parts, accessories, and tire stores
526
15.2Furniture and home furnishings stores
558
43.4Household appliance stores
62
24.6Electronics stores
538
30.7Building material and supplies dealers
1,029
30.4Hardware stores
195
36.8Lawn and garden equipment and supplies stores
258
32.7Grocery stores
2,706
48.2Specialty food stores
246
43.5Beer, wine, and liquor stores
137
41.7Pharmacies and drug stores
940
63.4Health and personal care, except drug, stores
358
65.5Gasoline stations
519
52.8Clothing stores
1,041
74.8Shoe stores
163
52.7Jewelry, luggage, and leather goods stores
202
61.5Sporting goods, and hobby and toy stores
473
40.2Sewing, needlework, and piece goods stores
55
69.6Musical instrument and supplies stores
45
–Book stores and news dealers
103
65.5Department stores and discount stores
2,077
59.8Miscellaneous general merchandise stores
542
59.8Retail florists
85
70.5Office supplies and stationery stores
137
42.8Used merchandise stores
232
64.8Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
136
75.1Miscellaneous retail stores
520
50.2Electronic shopping
328
46.0Electronic auctions
17
–Mail-order houses
82
50.6Vending machine operators
37
–Fuel dealers
80
31.2Other direct selling establishments
178
68.5Not specified retail trade
401
53.6Transportation and utilities
8,012
23.5Transportation and warehousing
6,693
23.8Air transportation
575
37.8Rail transportation
239
10.1Water transportation
62
26.4Truck transportation
2,038
11.5Bus service and urban transit
515
39.1Taxi and limousine service
420
16.5Pipeline transportation
53
15.5Scenic and sightseeing transportation
36
–Services incidental to transportation
747
27.4Postal Service
653
40.9Couriers and messengers
787
20.4Warehousing and storage
569
31.6Utilities
1,319
22.0Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution
698
20.6Natural gas distribution
142
27.4Electric and gas, and other combinations
105
26.1Water, steam, air-conditioning, and irrigation systems
249
21.4Sewage treatment facilities
96
15.5Not specified utilities
28
–Information
2,855
40.6Newspaper publishers
199
48.3Periodical, book, and directory publishers
210
58.7Software publishers
100
30.5Motion pictures and video industries
436
38.3Sound recording industries
33
–Radio and television broadcasting and cable subscription programming
558
33.0Internet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals
130
35.0Wired telecommunications carriers
466
35.5Other telecommunications services
400
34.7Data processing, hosting, and related services
112
38.9Libraries and archives
179
79.6Other information services
31
–Financial activities
10,404
52.3Finance and insurance
7,241
55.1Banking and related activities
2,102
59.3Savings institutions, including credit unions
238
75.6Nondepository credit and related activities
954
49.8Securities, commodities, funds, trusts, and other financial investments
1,153
33.8Insurance carriers and related activities
2,794
60.9Real estate and rental and leasing
3,163
45.6Real estate
2,764
48.0Rental and leasing services
399
29.5Automotive equipment rental and leasing
179
32.3Video tape and disk rental
7
–Other consumer goods rental
107
27.5Commercial, industrial, and other intangible assets rental and leasing
106
24.7Professional and business services
18,325
41.4Professional and technical services
11,228
42.2Legal services
1,610
55.3Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services
1,110
60.2Architectural, engineering, and related services
1,652
23.6Specialized design services
402
57.1Computer systems design and related services
2,845
26.1Management, scientific, and technical consulting services
1,652
43.7Scientific research and development services
597
48.7Advertising, public relations, and related services
548
51.4Veterinary services
347
81.2Other professional, scientific, and technical services
464
53.2Management, administrative, and waste services
7,097
40.0Management of companies and enterprises
188
44.2Employment services
1,046
54.0Business support services
808
64.2Travel arrangements and reservation services
304
62.1Investigation and security services
828
24.1Services to buildings and dwellings
1,599
56.3Landscaping services
1,412
8.3Other administrative and other support services
334
49.5Waste management and remediation services
577
17.2Education and health services
34,263
74.6Educational services
13,674
68.4Elementary and secondary schools
8,975
75.0Colleges, universities, and professional schools, including junior colleges
3,851
53.5Business, technical, and trade schools and training
101
55.3Other schools and instruction, and educational support services
746
68.0Health care and social assistance
20,589
78.7Hospitals
6,990
76.7Health services, except hospitals
10,220
78.4Offices of physicians
1,611
76.4Offices of dentists
897
82.5Offices of chiropractors
135
66.7Offices of optometrists
133
82.4Offices of other health practitioners
297
72.5Outpatient care centers
1,603
76.2Home health care services
1,495
88.4Other health care services
1,417
68.4Nursing care facilities (skilled nursing facilities)
1,786
82.9Residential care facilities, except skilled nursing facilities
846
74.8Social assistance
3,379
84.1Individual and family services
1,553
77.8Community food and housing, and emergency services
127
62.7Vocational rehabilitation services
138
58.2Child day care services
1,561
94.4Leisure and hospitality
14,193
50.6Arts, entertainment, and recreation
3,241
45.2Independent artists, performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries
857
43.2Museums, art galleries, historical sites, and similar institutions
364
41.3Bowling centers
33
–Other amusement, gambling, and recreation industries
1,988
46.8Accommodation and food services
10,952
52.3Accommodation
1,592
55.5Traveler accommodation
1,488
56.1Recreational vehicle parks and camps, and rooming and boarding houses
104
47.2Food services and drinking places
9,360
51.7Restaurants and other food services
9,134
51.7Drinking places, alcoholic beverages
226
51.1Other services
7,320
52.2Other services, except private households
6,596
47.9Repair and maintenance
2,051
10.9Automotive repair and maintenance
1,205
8.3Car washes
168
12.0Electronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance
134
17.2Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance
322
7.0Personal and household goods repair and maintenance
218
26.5Footwear and leather goods repair
5
–Personal and laundry services
2,481
71.7Barber shops
134
20.5Beauty salons
982
91.2Nail salons and other personal care services
541
75.4Drycleaning and laundry services
286
56.6Funeral homes, and cemeteries and crematories
149
40.9Other personal services
389
57.8Membership associations and organizations
2,064
55.9Religious organizations
1,088
47.2Civic, social, advocacy organizations, and grantmaking and giving services
754
68.9Labor unions
58
46.3Business, professional, political, and similar organizations
164
56.9Private households
724
91.7Public administration
6,857
45.1Executive offices and legislative bodies
1,082
50.9Public finance activities
302
62.4Other general government and support
106
42.9Justice, public order, and safety activities
2,739
34.7Administration of human resource programs
995
71.5Administration of environmental quality and housing programs
248
43.5Administration of economic programs and space research
529
46.5National security and international affairs
857
34.4n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified

Note: Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 15. Employed women, by industry, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2016 annual averages (Percent distribution)

Industry
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity**Total, 16 years and older (thousands)**
54,701
9,511
4,298
10,686**Percent**
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0Agriculture and related industries
1.1
0.1
0.3
1.3Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1Construction
1.5
0.6
0.7
1.3Manufacturing
6.3
5.3
8.9
7.4Durable goods manufacturing
3.4
2.7
5.0
3.3Nondurable goods manufacturing
2.9
2.6
3.9
4.2Wholesale and retail trade
12.9
11.5
12.1
14.0Wholesale trade
1.6
0.8
2.0
1.7Retail trade
11.3
10.6
10.0
12.3Transportation and utilities
2.4
4.2
2.3
3.0Transportation and warehousing
2.0
3.8
2.1
2.7Utilities
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3Information
1.6
1.5
1.9
1.1Financial activities
7.9
6.6
8.2
6.1Finance and insurance
5.7
5.2
6.6
4.3Real estate and rental and leasing
2.2
1.4
1.6
1.8Professional and business services
11.0
8.4
12.5
11.9Professional and technical services
7.1
3.6
10.0
4.5Management, administrative, and waste services
4.0
4.8
2.5
7.4Education and health services
35.7
41.6
31.7
29.5Educational services
14.1
10.9
8.5
10.0Health care and social assistance
21.6
30.6
23.2
19.5Hospitals
7.3
8.6
9.6
4.8Health services, except hospitals
10.5
16.2
10.9
10.1Social assistance
3.8
5.8
2.7
4.5Leisure and hospitality
10.1
9.4
9.8
14.5Arts, entertainment, and recreation
2.2
1.3
1.6
1.5Accommodation and food services
7.9
8.1
8.2
13.0Other services
5.4
4.0
7.8
6.2Other services, except private households
4.4
3.5
7.2
3.7Private households
1.0
0.5
0.6
2.5Public administration
4.0
6.7
3.7
3.5Note: Women whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and gender, 1979–2016 annual averages

Year
Total
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity**Total**1979
$241
$248
$199
-
$1941980
262
269
212
-
2091981
284
291
235
-
2231982
302
310
245
-
2401983
313
320
261
-
2501984
326
336
269
-
2591985
344
356
277
-
2701986
359
371
291
-
2771987
374
384
301
-
2851988
385
395
314
-
2901989
399
409
319
-
2981990
412
424
329
-
3041991
426
442
348
-
3121992
440
458
357
-
3211993
459
475
369
-
3311994
467
484
371
-
3241995
479
494
383
-
3291996
490
506
387
-
3391997
503
519
400
-
3511998
523
545
426
-
3701999
549
573
445
-
3852000
576
590
474
$615
3992001
596
610
491
639
4172002
608
623
498
658
4242003
620
636
514
693
4402004
638
657
525
708
4562005
651
672
520
753
4712006
671
690
554
784
4862007
695
716
569
830
5032008
722
742
589
861
5292009
739
757
601
880
5412010
747
765
611
855
5352011
756
775
615
866
5492012
768
792
621
920
5682013
776
802
629
942
5782014
791
816
639
953
5942015
809
835
641
993
6042016
832
862
678
1,021
624**Women**1979
$182
$184
$169
-
$1571980
201
203
185
-
1721981
219
221
206
-
1901982
239
242
217
-
2031983
252
254
232
-
2151984
265
268
241
-
2231985
277
281
252
-
2301986
291
294
264
-
2411987
303
307
276
-
2511988
315
318
288
-
2601989
328
334
301
-
2691990
346
353
308
-
2781991
366
373
323
-
2921992
380
387
335
-
3021993
393
401
348
-
3131994
399
408
346
-
3051995
406
415
355
-
3051996
418
428
362
-
3161997
431
444
375
-
3181998
456
468
400
-
3371999
473
483
409
-
3482000
493
502
429
$547
3662001
512
522
454
563
3882002
529
547
473
566
3972003
552
567
491
598
4102004
573
584
505
613
4192005
585
596
499
665
4292006
600
609
519
699
4402007
614
626
533
731
4732008
638
654
554
753
5012009
657
669
582
779
5092010
669
684
592
773
5082011
684
703
595
751
5182012
691
710
599
770
5212013
706
722
606
819
5412014
719
734
611
841
5482015
726
743
615
877
5662016
749
766
641
902
586**Men**1979
$292
$298
$227
-
$2191980
313
320
244
-
2341981
340
350
268
-
2511982
364
375
278
-
2691983
379
387
294
-
2741984
392
401
303
-
2871985
407
418
305
-
2961986
419
433
319
-
2991987
434
450
327
-
3061988
449
465
348
-
3081989
468
482
348
-
3151990
481
494
361
-
3181991
493
506
375
-
3231992
501
514
380
-
3391993
510
524
392
-
3461994
522
547
400
-
3431995
538
566
411
-
3501996
557
580
412
-
3561997
579
595
432
-
3711998
598
615
468
-
3901999
618
638
488
-
4062000
641
662
510
$685
4172001
670
689
529
732
4402002
679
702
524
756
4512003
695
715
555
772
4642004
713
732
569
802
4802005
722
743
559
825
4892006
743
761
591
882
5052007
766
788
600
936
5202008
798
825
620
966
5592009
819
845
621
952
5692010
824
850
633
936
5602011
832
856
653
970
5712012
854
879
665
1,055
5922013
860
884
664
1,059
5942014
871
897
680
1,080
6162015
895
920
680
1,129
6312016
915
942
718
1,151
663**Women's earnings as a percentage of men's**1979
62.3
61.7
74.4
-
71.71980
64.2
63.4
75.8
-
73.51981
64.4
63.1
76.9
-
75.71982
65.7
64.5
78.1
-
75.51983
66.5
65.6
78.9
-
78.51984
67.6
66.8
79.5
-
77.71985
68.1
67.2
82.6
-
77.71986
69.5
67.9
82.8
-
80.61987
69.8
68.2
84.4
-
82.01988
70.2
68.4
82.8
-
84.41989
70.1
69.3
86.5
-
85.41990
71.9
71.5
85.3
-
87.41991
74.2
73.7
86.1
-
90.41992
75.8
75.3
88.2
-
89.11993
77.1
76.5
88.8
-
90.51994
76.4
74.6
86.5
-
88.91995
75.5
73.3
86.4
-
87.11996
75.0
73.8
87.9
-
88.81997
74.4
74.6
86.8
-
85.71998
76.3
76.1
85.5
-
86.41999
76.5
75.7
83.8
-
85.72000
76.9
75.8
84.1
79.9
87.82001
76.4
75.8
85.8
76.9
88.22002
77.9
77.9
90.3
74.9
88.02003
79.4
79.3
88.5
77.5
88.42004
80.4
79.8
88.8
76.4
87.32005
81.0
80.2
89.3
80.6
87.72006
80.8
80.0
87.8
79.3
87.12007
80.2
79.4
88.8
78.1
91.02008
79.9
79.3
89.4
78.0
89.62009
80.2
79.2
93.7
81.8
89.52010
81.2
80.5
93.5
82.6
90.72011
82.2
82.1
91.1
77.4
90.72012
80.9
80.8
90.1
73.0
88.02013
82.1
81.7
91.3
77.3
91.12014
82.5
81.8
89.9
77.9
89.02015
81.1
80.8
90.4
77.7
89.72016
81.9
81.3
89.3
78.4
88.4Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and conceptual changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the historical comparability section of the household data technical documentation provided at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Beginning in 2003, estimates for the groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Data for 2000 to 2002 are for the category Asians and Pacific Islanders. Starting in 2003, Asians constituted a separate category. For more information, see the historical comparability documentation. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dashes indicate that data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. Data exclude all self-employed people, both those with incorporated and unincorporated businesses.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, 25 years and older, by educational attainment and gender, 2016 annual averages

Educational attainment and gender
Total employed (in thousands)
Median weekly earnings**Total**Total
101,015
$885Less than high school diploma
7,108
504High school graduate or more
93,907
923High school graduate, no college
25,475
692Some college or associate's degree
27,307
779Some college, no degree
16,056
756Associate's degree
11,251
819Occupational program
4,633
809Academic program
6,618
827Bachelor's degree and higher
41,125
1,259Bachelor's degree
25,503
1,156Master's degree
11,675
1,380Professional degree
1,729
1,745Doctoral degree
2,218
1,664**Women**Total
44,731
$784Less than high school diploma
2,204
423High school graduate or more
42,528
812High school graduate, no college
9,856
599Some college or associate's degree
12,924
688Some college, no degree
7,319
665Associate's degree
5,606
720Occupational program
2,081
686Academic program
3,524
739Bachelor's degree and higher
19,747
1,101Bachelor's degree
11,987
994Master's degree
6,084
1,210Professional degree
734
1,447Doctoral degree
942
1,477**Men**Total
56,284
$969Less than high school diploma
4,904
551High school graduate or more
51,380
1019High school graduate, no college
15,619
769Some college or associate's degree
14,383
896Some college, no degree
8,738
861Associate's degree
5,646
951Occupational program
2,552
938Academic program
3,094
961Bachelor's degree and higher
21,378
1,464Bachelor's degree
13,516
1,348Master's degree
5,591
1,616Professional degree
995
1,913Doctoral degree
1,276
1,877Note: Data exclude all self-employed people, both those with incorporated and unincorporated businesses.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and gender, 2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Occupation
Total
Women
Men
Women's earnings as a percentage of men'sNumber of workers
Median weekly earnings
Number of workers
Median weekly earnings
Number of workers
Median weekly earningsTotal, full-time wage and salary workers
111,091
$832
49,161
$749
61,930
$915
81.9Management, professional, and related occupations
45,930
1,188
23,674
1,027
22,256
1,420
72.3Management, business, and financial operations occupations
19,023
1,284
8,761
1,099
10,261
1,491
73.7Management occupations
12,828
1,370
5,314
1,148
7,514
1,539
74.6Chief executives
1,150
2,303
318
1,876
832
2,419
77.6General and operations managers
876
1,266
250
1,037
626
1,358
76.4Legislators
11
–
6
–
6
–
–Advertising and promotions managers
56
1,332
32
–
24
–
–Marketing and sales managers
921
1,468
403
1,142
518
1,745
65.4Public relations and fundraising managers
60
1,532
38
–
21
–
–Administrative services managers
172
1,261
71
952
101
1,398
68.1Computer and information systems managers
592
1,738
150
1,680
443
1,756
95.7Financial managers
1,105
1,423
578
1,157
527
1,670
69.3Compensation and benefits managers
16
–
12
–
3
–
–Human resources managers
263
1,340
190
1,283
73
1,737
73.9Training and development managers
58
1,507
31
–
27
–
–Industrial production managers
267
1,361
66
1,219
201
1,409
86.5Purchasing managers
187
1,274
92
1,169
95
1,400
83.5Transportation, storage, and distribution managers
288
990
51
988
237
990
99.8Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers
119
892
17
–
102
906
–Construction managers
487
1,395
35
–
452
1,401
–Education administrators
838
1,381
541
1,280
297
1,528
83.8Architectural and engineering managers
143
2,258
9
–
134
2,265
–Food service managers
760
739
350
632
410
853
74.1Funeral service managers
13
–
1
–
11
–
–Gaming managers
18
–
4
–
14
–
–Lodging managers
124
929
64
764
59
1,068
71.5Medical and health services managers
533
1,402
399
1,254
133
1,610
77.9Natural sciences managers
14
–
8
–
6
–
–Postmasters and mail superintendents
23
–
11
–
12
–
–Property, real estate, and community association managers
402
959
221
815
181
1,157
70.4Social and community service managers
363
1,079
248
992
115
1,206
82.3Emergency management directors
8
–
3
–
5
–
–Managers, all other
2,960
1,422
1,115
1,188
1,845
1,542
77.0Business and financial operations occupations
6,195
1,161
3,448
1,018
2,747
1,373
74.1Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes
23
–
12
–
11
–
–Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products
8
–
0
–
8
–
–Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products
152
838
83
765
68
942
81.2Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products
253
1,024
125
974
128
1,037
93.9Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators
321
969
206
912
114
1,139
80.1Compliance officers
252
1,243
146
1,163
106
1,274
91.3Cost estimators
104
1,159
9
–
96
1,172
–Human resources workers
631
1,139
465
1,089
166
1,364
79.8Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists
72
1,069
51
1,001
21
–
–Training and development specialists
129
1,103
82
959
47
–
–Logisticians
111
1,011
37
–
75
1,116
–Management analysts
585
1,476
253
1,342
332
1,586
84.6Meeting, convention, and event planners
119
867
88
852
30
–
–Fundraisers
64
1,111
42
–
22
–
–Market research analysts and marketing specialists
246
1,171
130
1,097
116
1,345
81.6Business operations specialists, all other
257
1,125
146
1,001
110
1,263
79.3Accountants and auditors
1,451
1,153
892
1,018
559
1,441
70.6Appraisers and assessors of real estate
31
–
13
–
19
–
–Budget analysts
48
–
26
–
22
–
–Credit analysts
28
–
13
–
15
–
–Financial analysts
277
1,525
104
1,252
173
1,747
71.7Personal financial advisors
399
1,404
142
953
258
1,714
55.6Insurance underwriters
102
1,113
68
910
34
–
–Financial examiners
13
–
6
–
7
–
–Credit counselors and loan officers
351
1,054
200
926
151
1,331
69.6Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents
58
1,138
38
–
20
–
–Tax preparers
53
1,049
33
–
20
–
–Financial specialists, all other
56
1,155
37
–
20
–
–Professional and related occupations
26,907
1,141
14,912
998
11,995
1,364
73.2Computer and mathematical occupations
4,104
1,443
1,035
1,325
3,068
1,518
87.3Computer and information research scientists
20
–
7
–
13
–
–Computer systems analysts
496
1,393
182
1,328
314
1,475
90.0Information security analysts
85
1,617
20
–
65
1,826
–Computer programmers
403
1,398
104
1,312
300
1,466
89.5Software developers, applications and systems software
1,351
1,776
266
1,553
1,084
1,863
83.4Web developers
142
1,236
45
–
97
1,284
–Computer support specialists
491
1,060
124
1,014
367
1,078
94.1Database administrators
83
1,731
37
–
46
–
–Network and computer systems administrators
197
1,232
29
–
168
1,250
–Computer network architects
105
1,502
12
–
93
1,535
–Computer occupations, all other
524
1,195
106
1,055
418
1,244
84.8Actuaries
12
–
1
–
11
–
–Mathematicians
4
–
0
–
3
–
–Operations research analysts
125
1,315
66
1,300
59
1,382
94.1Statisticians
65
1,405
35
–
30
–
–Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations
2
–
1
–
1
–
–Architecture and engineering occupations
2,835
1,482
398
1,207
2,437
1,529
78.9Architects, except naval
178
1,339
43
–
135
1,462
–Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists
28
–
9
–
19
–
–Aerospace engineers
124
1,854
10
–
114
1,846
–Agricultural engineers
2
–
0
–
2
–
–Biomedical engineers
14
–
2
–
12
–
–Chemical engineers
91
1,877
18
–
73
1,901
–Civil engineers
389
1,504
39
–
350
1,526
–Computer hardware engineers
58
1,843
12
–
46
–
–Electrical and electronics engineers
271
1,729
26
–
245
1,736
–Environmental engineers
31
–
5
–
27
–
–Industrial engineers, including health and safety
215
1,526
46
–
169
1,580
–Marine engineers and naval architects
19
–
1
–
18
–
–Materials engineers
26
–
5
–
21
–
–Mechanical engineers
335
1,560
24
–
311
1,567
–Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers
8
–
0
–
7
–
–Nuclear engineers
8
–
1
–
7
–
–Petroleum engineers
35
–
3
–
32
–
–Engineers, all other
493
1,573
63
1,401
430
1,659
84.4Drafters
93
990
10
–
83
1,030
–Engineering technicians, except drafters
350
997
75
793
275
1,075
73.8Surveying and mapping technicians
67
811
5
–
61
790
–Life, physical, and social science occupations
1,151
1,209
486
1,119
665
1,319
84.8Agricultural and food scientists
32
–
12
–
20
–
–Biological scientists
81
1,346
35
–
46
–
–Conservation scientists and foresters
26
–
4
–
23
–
–Medical scientists
127
1,211
57
1,169
69
1,250
93.5Life scientists, all other
3
–
3
–
0
–
–Astronomers and physicists
20
–
4
–
16
–
–Atmospheric and space scientists
6
–
1
–
5
–
–Chemists and materials scientists
93
1,306
36
–
56
1,504
–Environmental scientists and geoscientists
79
1,555
21
–
58
1,591
–Physical scientists, all other
241
1,416
111
1,323
131
1,727
76.6Economists
22
–
9
–
14
–
–Survey researchers
1
–
0
–
1
–
–Psychologists
91
1,260
66
1,187
25
–
–Sociologists
4
–
3
–
1
–
–Urban and regional planners
34
–
13
–
21
–
–Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers
30
–
11
–
19
–
–Agricultural and food science technicians
24
–
6
–
17
–
–Biological technicians
19
–
8
–
11
–
–Chemical technicians
75
919
25
–
50
919
–Geological and petroleum technicians
17
–
2
–
15
–
–Nuclear technicians
4
–
1
–
3
–
–Social science research assistants
1
–
0
–
1
–
–Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians
119
894
57
826
62
949
87.0Community and social service occupations
2,136
919
1,377
880
759
1,004
87.6Counselors
657
904
473
907
184
892
101.7Social workers
684
906
557
884
127
1,039
85.1Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists
100
992
61
1,004
39
–
–Social and human service assistants
151
736
122
727
29
–
–Miscellaneous community and social service specialists, including health educators and community health workers
83
831
63
767
20
–
–Clergy
368
1,039
53
893
315
1,070
83.5Directors, religious activities and education
49
–
26
–
23
–
–Religious workers, all other
42
–
21
–
21
–
–Legal occupations
1,294
1,431
732
1,152
562
1,904
60.5Lawyers
745
1,897
299
1,619
446
2,086
77.6Judicial law clerks
14
–
7
–
7
–
–Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers
56
1,560
21
–
35
–
–Paralegals and legal assistants
351
874
308
863
43
–
–Miscellaneous legal support workers
128
1,009
98
867
30
–
–Education, training, and library occupations
6,859
984
4,982
933
1,877
1,154
80.8Postsecondary teachers
980
1,247
445
1,152
535
1,356
85.0Preschool and kindergarten teachers
530
626
518
621
13
–
–Elementary and middle school teachers
2,836
1,009
2,231
981
605
1,126
87.1Secondary school teachers
965
1,111
562
1,074
403
1,146
93.7Special education teachers
313
1,021
264
1,018
49
–
–Other teachers and instructors
370
938
214
786
156
1,135
69.3Archivists, curators, and museum technicians
36
–
25
–
11
–
–Librarians
140
987
117
980
23
–
–Library technicians
10
–
8
–
2
–
–Teacher assistants
588
523
532
525
56
501
104.8Other education, training, and library workers
91
1,107
67
1,068
24
–
–Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
1,671
1,040
752
951
919
1,139
83.5Artists and related workers
61
1,236
23
–
38
–
–Designers
586
1,086
297
922
290
1,267
72.8Actors
13
–
5
–
8
–
–Producers and directors
128
1,163
50
1,030
78
1,228
83.9Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers
141
826
35
–
106
862
–Dancers and choreographers
5
–
4
–
2
–
–Musicians, singers, and related workers
37
–
13
–
24
–
–Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other
13
–
4
–
9
–
–Announcers
32
–
8
–
24
–
–News analysts, reporters and correspondents
58
1,166
27
–
30
–
–Public relations specialists
107
1,228
67
1,134
40
–
–Editors
120
1,053
56
1,035
64
1,112
93.1Technical writers
56
1,253
27
–
29
–
–Writers and authors
99
1,070
60
983
39
–
–Miscellaneous media and communication workers
59
745
36
–
24
–
–Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators
80
1,020
13
–
67
1,099
–Photographers
43
–
19
–
24
–
–Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors
31
–
7
–
24
–
–Media and communication equipment workers, all other
1
–
0
–
1
–
–Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
6,857
1,104
5,150
1,036
1,706
1,332
77.8Chiropractors
18
–
7
–
10
–
–Dentists
61
1,850
27
–
34
–
–Dietitians and nutritionists
82
986
71
997
11
–
–Optometrists
18
–
15
–
3
–
–Pharmacists
222
1,924
133
1,839
89
2,096
87.7Physicians and surgeons
806
1,916
308
1,476
497
2,343
63.0Physician assistants
75
1,544
50
1,547
25
–
–Podiatrists
4
–
0
–
3
–
–Audiologists
11
–
8
–
2
–
–Occupational therapists
71
1,365
61
1,315
10
–
–Physical therapists
197
1,325
128
1,306
69
1,348
96.9Radiation therapists
11
–
10
–
1
–
–Recreational therapists
9
–
3
–
6
–
–Respiratory therapists
76
998
54
993
22
–
–Speech-language pathologists
112
1,200
109
1,172
3
–
–Exercise physiologists
1
–
1
–
0
–
–Therapists, all other
137
920
106
913
32
–
–Veterinarians
65
1,338
46
–
19
–
–Registered nurses
2,498
1,154
2,213
1,143
285
1,261
90.6Nurse anesthetists
14
–
6
–
8
–
–Nurse midwives
5
–
5
–
0
–
–Nurse practitioners
144
1,750
133
1,753
11
–
–Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other
8
–
8
–
1
–
–Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians
295
887
198
834
97
1,071
77.9Dental hygienists
75
1,034
73
1,045
2
–
–Diagnostic related technologists and technicians
254
1,041
175
936
79
1,156
81.0Emergency medical technicians and paramedics
174
779
60
650
114
821
79.2Health practitioner support technologists and technicians
474
662
361
643
113
712
90.3Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses
525
749
481
743
44
–
–Medical records and health information technicians
170
798
159
793
11
–
–Opticians, dispensing
42
–
28
–
14
–
–Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians
107
745
64
714
43
–
–Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
96
1,083
47
–
49
–
–Service occupations
15,908
523
7,914
487
7,994
595
81.8Healthcare support occupations
2,423
525
2,094
519
329
602
86.2Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides
1,386
503
1,192
498
194
534
93.3Occupational therapy assistants and aides
13
–
12
–
1
–
–Physical therapist assistants and aides
48
–
32
–
15
–
–Massage therapists
45
–
30
–
15
–
–Dental assistants
199
592
180
583
19
–
–Medical assistants
488
572
452
562
36
–
–Medical transcriptionists
23
–
23
–
0
–
–Pharmacy aides
21
–
19
–
2
–
–Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers
24
–
17
–
7
–
–Phlebotomists
84
586
71
570
12
–
–Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations, including medical equipment preparers
94
537
65
504
29
–
–Protective service occupations
2,697
809
524
688
2,173
854
80.6First-line supervisors of correctional officers
55
873
20
–
35
–
–First-line supervisors of police and detectives
120
1,324
23
–
97
1,361
–First-line supervisors of fire fighting and prevention workers
45
–
3
–
41
–
–First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other
89
880
23
–
66
895
–Firefighters
252
1,065
8
–
244
1,056
–Fire inspectors
16
–
1
–
15
–
–Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers
365
749
91
672
275
793
84.7Detectives and criminal investigators
132
1,182
28
–
104
1,251
–Fish and game wardens
8
–
1
–
7
–
–Parking enforcement workers
6
–
2
–
4
–
–Police and sheriff's patrol officers
709
1,004
100
938
609
1,008
93.1Transit and railroad police
2
–
0
–
2
–
–Animal control workers
6
–
2
–
4
–
–Private detectives and investigators
60
904
29
–
31
–
–Security guards and gaming surveillance officers
727
585
152
516
576
597
86.4Crossing guards
23
–
12
–
11
–
–Transportation security screeners
40
–
16
–
23
–
–Lifeguards and other recreational, and all other protective service workers
42
–
14
–
28
–
–Food preparation and serving related occupations
4,619
465
2,202
434
2,417
491
88.4Chefs and head cooks
356
614
68
519
288
632
82.1First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers
425
528
251
485
174
666
72.8Cooks
1,408
444
515
421
892
459
91.7Food preparation workers
477
419
262
413
215
432
95.6Bartenders
253
602
122
498
131
701
71.0Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food
196
396
125
402
72
381
105.5Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop
68
374
49
–
20
–
–Waiters and waitresses
949
470
607
441
342
504
87.5Food servers, nonrestaurant
104
479
71
445
33
–
–Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers
133
420
51
407
82
465
87.5Dishwashers
172
389
30
–
142
388
–Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop
74
442
50
432
24
–
–Food preparation and serving related workers, all other
3
–
1
–
2
–
–Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
3,602
510
1,210
454
2,392
548
82.8First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers
189
655
71
524
119
702
74.6First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers
113
707
1
–
112
710
–Janitors and building cleaners
1,580
526
441
476
1,139
564
84.4Maids and housekeeping cleaners
781
441
661
427
120
497
85.9Pest control workers
61
655
2
–
59
649
–Grounds maintenance workers
878
502
34
–
844
503
–Personal care and service occupations
2,568
505
1,884
482
684
613
78.6First-line supervisors of gaming workers
127
792
59
717
68
840
85.4First-line supervisors of personal service workers
62
651
37
–
25
–
–Animal trainers
24
–
11
–
13
–
–Nonfarm animal caretakers
88
485
71
489
17
–
–Gaming services workers
64
624
31
–
33
–
–Motion picture projectionists
2
–
0
–
2
–
–Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers
14
–
8
–
6
–
–Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers
79
481
31
–
48
–
–Embalmers and funeral attendants
3
–
2
–
1
–
–Morticians, undertakers, and funeral directors
23
–
5
–
18
–
–Barbers
56
584
8
–
48
–
–Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists
307
510
281
500
27
–
–Miscellaneous personal appearance workers
205
490
167
466
37
–
–Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges
56
625
10
–
46
–
–Tour and travel guides
18
–
8
–
10
–
–Childcare workers
405
452
381
451
24
–
–Personal care aides
762
477
636
469
125
514
91.2Recreation and fitness workers
192
596
100
517
92
668
77.4Residential advisors
19
–
11
–
8
–
–Personal care and service workers, all other
61
573
26
–
35
–
–Sales and office occupations
23,625
698
14,163
649
9,461
805
80.6Sales and related occupations
9,759
744
4,250
590
5,509
904
65.3First-line supervisors of retail sales workers
2,368
743
1,047
630
1,321
857
73.5First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers
781
1,137
230
1,004
552
1,161
86.5Cashiers
1,367
414
965
403
402
475
84.8Counter and rental clerks
84
517
36
–
47
–
–Parts salespersons
96
639
11
–
85
643
–Retail salespersons
1,831
623
728
514
1,103
730
70.4Advertising sales agents
203
1,023
81
999
122
1,034
96.6Insurance sales agents
423
839
205
676
218
1,166
58.0Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents
219
1,351
63
951
155
1,458
65.2Travel agents
46
–
38
–
8
–
–Sales representatives, services, all other
427
1,040
145
826
282
1,202
68.7Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing
1,121
1,047
302
872
819
1,140
76.5Models, demonstrators, and product promoters
14
–
6
–
8
–
–Real estate brokers and sales agents
493
983
284
780
209
1,222
63.8Sales engineers
40
–
5
–
35
–
–Telemarketers
42
–
25
–
17
–
–Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers
34
–
11
–
23
–
–Sales and related workers, all other
171
805
68
709
103
946
74.9Office and administrative support occupations
13,866
679
9,913
669
3,952
708
94.5First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers
1,203
848
819
809
383
942
85.9Switchboard operators, including answering service
17
–
14
–
3
–
–Telephone operators
36
–
31
–
5
–
–Communications equipment operators, all other
5
–
4
–
1
–
–Bill and account collectors
144
625
105
650
39
–
–Billing and posting clerks
404
666
360
660
44
–
–Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks
756
722
641
716
115
790
90.6Gaming cage workers
9
–
8
–
1
–
–Payroll and timekeeping clerks
125
786
110
785
15
–
–Procurement clerks
25
–
16
–
9
–
–Tellers
235
542
195
539
39
–
–Financial clerks, all other
62
708
44
–
18
–
–Brokerage clerks
3
–
1
–
2
–
–Correspondence clerks
5
–
5
–
0
–
–Court, municipal, and license clerks
79
691
60
681
19
–
–Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks
41
–
33
–
8
–
–Customer service representatives
1,850
640
1,185
623
664
676
92.2Eligibility interviewers, government programs
72
828
55
735
17
–
–File clerks
134
676
113
680
21
–
–Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks
102
513
66
500
36
–
–Interviewers, except eligibility and loan
105
639
98
634
7
–
–Library assistants, clerical
45
–
38
–
8
–
–Loan interviewers and clerks
124
774
100
756
25
–
–New accounts clerks
21
–
21
–
0
–
–Order clerks
85
646
45
–
40
–
–Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping
36
–
32
–
4
–
–Receptionists and information clerks
951
583
848
581
103
600
96.8Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks
102
705
56
646
46
–
–Information and record clerks, all other
104
654
73
631
31
–
–Cargo and freight agents
23
–
9
–
14
–
–Couriers and messengers
160
726
25
–
135
739
–Dispatchers
279
704
153
671
126
734
91.4Meter readers, utilities
30
–
1
–
28
–
–Postal service clerks
111
901
53
805
58
999
80.6Postal service mail carriers
304
981
119
931
185
1,020
91.3Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators
56
783
23
–
33
–
–Production, planning, and expediting clerks
224
853
111
765
113
935
81.8Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks
473
596
151
583
322
602
96.8Stock clerks and order fillers
1,014
530
371
526
643
533
98.7Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping
45
–
24
–
21
–
–Secretaries and administrative assistants
2,210
713
2,078
708
133
831
85.2Computer operators
78
811
37
–
41
–
–Data entry keyers
221
638
170
630
51
655
96.2Word processors and typists
56
730
48
–
7
–
–Desktop publishers
0
–
0
–
0
–
–Insurance claims and policy processing clerks
251
665
210
658
40
–
–Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service
56
619
23
–
33
–
–Office clerks, general
900
654
760
648
140
707
91.7Office machine operators, except computer
30
–
16
–
14
–
–Proofreaders and copy markers
5
–
5
–
0
–
–Statistical assistants
7
–
2
–
5
–
–Office and administrative support workers, all other
457
768
351
751
107
855
87.8Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
11,022
786
464
580
10,558
794
73.0Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
842
520
169
465
673
544
85.5First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers
28
–
3
–
25
–
–Agricultural inspectors
18
–
5
–
13
–
–Animal breeders
2
–
1
–
1
–
–Graders and sorters, agricultural products
74
511
48
–
25
–
–Miscellaneous agricultural workers
659
508
111
423
547
524
80.7Fishers and related fishing workers
4
–
0
–
4
–
–Hunters and trappers
1
–
0
–
1
–
–Forest and conservation workers
17
–
1
–
17
–
–Logging workers
39
–
0
–
39
–
–Construction and extraction occupations
5,979
784
151
639
5,828
786
81.3First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers
558
1,091
18
–
540
1,101
–Boilermakers
26
–
0
–
26
–
–Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons
119
741
0
–
119
741
–Carpenters
839
730
11
–
828
733
–Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers
93
593
2
–
91
597
–Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers
47
–
0
–
47
–
–Construction laborers
1,322
692
41
–
1,281
697
–Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators
11
–
0
–
11
–
–Pile-driver operators
4
–
0
–
4
–
–Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators
334
920
6
–
328
922
–Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers
138
600
1
–
137
601
–Electricians
667
952
18
–
649
951
–Glaziers
48
–
1
–
47
–
–Insulation workers
42
–
2
–
40
–
–Painters, construction and maintenance
392
612
17
–
375
615
–Paperhangers
0
–
0
–
0
–
–Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters
475
927
11
–
464
925
–Plasterers and stucco masons
25
–
0
–
25
–
–Reinforcing iron and rebar workers
12
–
0
–
12
–
–Roofers
161
623
3
–
158
624
–Sheet metal workers
117
819
3
–
115
820
–Structural iron and steel workers
61
976
1
–
60
983
–Solar photovoltaic installers
10
–
0
–
10
–
–Helpers, construction trades
42
–
2
–
40
–
–Construction and building inspectors
68
996
6
–
62
1,040
–Elevator installers and repairers
41
–
0
–
41
–
–Fence erectors
30
–
0
–
29
–
–Hazardous materials removal workers
28
–
4
–
24
–
–Highway maintenance workers
85
745
2
–
83
723
–Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators
8
–
0
–
8
–
–Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners
9
–
0
–
9
–
–Miscellaneous construction and related workers
17
–
0
–
17
–
–Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining
29
–
0
–
29
–
–Earth drillers, except oil and gas
23
–
0
–
23
–
–Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters
10
–
0
–
9
–
–Mining machine operators
48
–
0
–
48
–
–Roof bolters, mining
3
–
0
–
3
–
–Roustabouts, oil and gas
4
–
0
–
4
–
–Helpers--extraction workers
3
–
0
–
3
–
–Other extraction workers
29
–
0
–
29
–
–Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
4,201
861
144
783
4,057
863
90.7First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers
246
1,020
25
–
221
1,016
–Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers
165
851
15
–
150
861
–Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers
132
950
22
–
110
975
–Avionics technicians
8
–
0
–
8
–
–Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers
26
–
2
–
23
–
–Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment
3
–
0
–
3
–
–Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility
15
–
1
–
14
–
–Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles
8
–
0
–
8
–
–Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers
33
–
1
–
32
–
–Security and fire alarm systems installers
69
927
1
–
68
909
–Aircraft mechanics and service technicians
136
1,047
2
–
134
1,053
–Automotive body and related repairers
117
761
5
–
112
770
–Automotive glass installers and repairers
14
–
0
–
14
–
–Automotive service technicians and mechanics
688
730
11
–
677
729
–Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists
298
874
1
–
297
875
–Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics
198
964
0
–
198
964
–Small engine mechanics
32
–
1
–
30
–
–Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers
74
641
0
–
73
646
–Control and valve installers and repairers
33
–
1
–
32
–
–Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers
361
864
4
–
357
868
–Home appliance repairers
25
–
0
–
25
–
–Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics
385
968
11
–
374
973
–Maintenance and repair workers, general
514
796
13
–
502
797
–Maintenance workers, machinery
20
–
1
–
19
–
–Millwrights
35
–
0
–
35
–
–Electrical power-line installers and repairers
126
1,161
1
–
125
1,165
–Telecommunications line installers and repairers
172
850
4
–
168
824
–Precision instrument and equipment repairers
56
910
10
–
46
–
–Wind turbine service technicians
5
–
0
–
5
–
–Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers
27
–
3
–
24
–
–Commercial divers
1
–
0
–
1
–
–Locksmiths and safe repairers
12
–
0
–
12
–
–Manufactured building and mobile home installers
7
–
0
–
7
–
–Riggers
11
–
0
–
11
–
–Signal and track switch repairers
4
–
0
–
4
–
–Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers
10
–
1
–
9
–
–Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers
137
773
8
–
130
782
–Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
14,606
665
2,945
531
11,661
704
75.4Production occupations
7,513
668
1,949
527
5,564
723
72.9First-line supervisors of production and operating workers
729
923
131
723
599
972
74.4Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers
6
–
2
–
4
–
–Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers
105
590
50
554
55
618
89.6Engine and other machine assemblers
6
–
0
–
6
–
–Structural metal fabricators and fitters
22
–
0
–
22
–
–Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators
990
601
345
559
645
625
89.4Bakers
138
494
83
480
55
562
85.4Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers
244
526
61
449
183
571
78.6Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders
16
–
2
–
14
–
–Food batchmakers
81
537
42
–
40
–
–Food cooking machine operators and tenders
7
–
1
–
6
–
–Food processing workers, all other
129
547
41
–
88
579
–Computer control programmers and operators
85
802
6
–
80
843
–Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
13
–
2
–
11
–
–Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
5
–
0
–
5
–
–Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
13
–
3
–
9
–
–Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
86
639
18
–
68
672
–Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
8
–
0
–
8
–
–Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
45
–
3
–
42
–
–Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
13
–
0
–
12
–
–Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
2
–
0
–
2
–
–Machinists
326
824
13
–
313
844
–Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters
31
–
1
–
30
–
–Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic
3
–
0
–
3
–
–Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
28
–
7
–
21
–
–Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
2
–
1
–
1
–
–Tool and die makers
43
–
0
–
43
–
–Welding, soldering, and brazing workers
558
743
23
–
535
753
–Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
2
–
0
–
2
–
–Layout workers, metal and plastic
6
–
0
–
6
–
–Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
21
–
2
–
20
–
–Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners
4
–
0
–
4
–
–Metal workers and plastic workers, all other
380
626
74
565
306
658
85.9Prepress technicians and workers
15
–
7
–
8
–
–Printing press operators
170
701
33
–
137
748
–Print binding and finishing workers
11
–
2
–
9
–
–Laundry and dry-cleaning workers
135
454
80
436
55
486
89.7Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials
30
–
20
–
10
–
–Sewing machine operators
165
437
114
452
52
407
111.1Shoe and leather workers and repairers
4
–
1
–
3
–
–Shoe machine operators and tenders
1
–
0
–
1
–
–Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers
32
–
25
–
7
–
–Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders
0
–
0
–
0
–
–Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders
7
–
3
–
4
–
–Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders
13
–
11
–
2
–
–Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders
6
–
4
–
2
–
–Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers
0
–
0
–
0
–
–Fabric and apparel patternmakers
1
–
0
–
1
–
–Upholsterers
20
–
1
–
19
–
–Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other
13
–
2
–
11
–
–Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters
35
–
5
–
30
–
–Furniture finishers
9
–
1
–
8
–
–Model makers and patternmakers, wood
0
–
0
–
0
–
–Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood
31
–
4
–
27
–
–Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing
23
–
4
–
19
–
–Woodworkers, all other
17
–
1
–
15
–
–Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers
39
–
2
–
37
–
–Stationary engineers and boiler operators
77
924
4
–
72
954
–Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators
76
883
3
–
72
885
–Miscellaneous plant and system operators
42
–
3
–
38
–
–Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders
50
924
4
–
46
–
–Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers
88
643
6
–
82
642
–Cutting workers
62
576
13
–
50
546
–Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders
24
–
4
–
19
–
–Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders
11
–
1
–
10
–
–Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers
686
714
241
584
445
834
70.0Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers
18
–
7
–
11
–
–Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians
64
615
31
–
33
–
–Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders
224
488
113
425
112
574
74.0Painting workers
158
701
11
–
147
713
–Photographic process workers and processing machine operators
23
–
12
–
11
–
–Semiconductor processors
2
–
0
–
2
–
–Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders
12
–
5
–
7
–
–Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders
2
–
0
–
2
–
–Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders
0
–
0
–
0
–
–Etchers and engravers
3
–
0
–
3
–
–Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic
16
–
2
–
14
–
–Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders
27
–
7
–
21
–
–Tire builders
11
–
1
–
10
–
–Helpers--production workers
25
–
3
–
23
–
–Production workers, all other
887
622
246
515
641
690
74.6Transportation and material moving occupations
7,093
662
997
540
6,097
685
78.8Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers
165
807
39
–
126
843
–Aircraft pilots and flight engineers
119
1,582
7
–
112
1,600
–Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists
28
–
10
–
19
–
–Flight attendants
68
873
49
–
19
–
–Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians
15
–
2
–
13
–
–Bus drivers
343
641
146
589
197
691
85.2Driver/sales workers and truck drivers
2,809
780
120
630
2,689
787
80.1Taxi drivers and chauffeurs
261
580
38
–
222
595
–Motor vehicle operators, all other
25
–
2
–
23
–
–Locomotive engineers and operators
45
–
0
–
45
–
–Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators
3
–
1
–
3
–
–Railroad conductors and yardmasters
52
1,160
1
–
51
1,148
–Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation workers
13
–
1
–
13
–
–Sailors and marine oilers
15
–
1
–
14
–
–Ship and boat captains and operators
28
–
1
–
26
–
–Ship engineers
4
–
0
–
4
–
–Bridge and lock tenders
3
–
0
–
3
–
–Parking lot attendants
67
519
4
–
62
513
–Automotive and watercraft service attendants
73
462
5
–
67
456
–Transportation inspectors
25
–
5
–
20
–
–Transportation attendants, except flight attendants
20
–
10
–
10
–
–Other transportation workers
31
–
7
–
24
–
–Conveyor operators and tenders
4
–
0
–
4
–
–Crane and tower operators
66
909
0
–
66
909
–Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators
27
–
0
–
27
–
–Hoist and winch operators
11
–
0
–
10
–
–Industrial truck and tractor operators
564
602
54
563
510
604
93.2Cleaners of vehicles and equipment
252
491
28
–
224
487
–Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand
1,417
566
221
509
1,196
580
87.8Machine feeders and offbearers
27
–
13
–
14
–
–Packers and packagers, hand
383
456
216
437
166
468
93.4Pumping station operators
13
–
1
–
11
–
–Refuse and recyclable material collectors
68
562
4
–
64
584
–Mine shuttle car operators
0
–
0
–
0
–
–Tank car, truck, and ship loaders
3
–
0
–
2
–
–Material moving workers, all other
46
–
6
–
40
–
–Note: Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 19. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by industry and gender, 2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Industry
Total
Women
Men
Women's earnings as a percentage of men'sNumber of workers
Median weekly earnings
Number of workers
Median weekly earnings
Number of workers
Median weekly earnings**Total, 16 years and older**
111,091
$832
49,161
$749
61,930
$915
81.9Agriculture and related industries
1,181
579
233
502
948
598
83.9Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
737
1,198
92
1,058
645
1,222
86.6Construction
7,248
823
600
796
6,648
827
96.3Manufacturing
14,087
857
3,888
702
10,199
923
76.1Durable goods manufacturing
8,954
894
2,163
736
6,791
947
77.7Nondurable goods manufacturing
5,133
792
1,725
647
3,408
877
73.8Wholesale and retail trade
13,626
676
5,415
592
8,211
752
78.7Wholesale trade
3,045
870
840
745
2,206
937
79.5Retail trade
10,581
624
4,576
569
6,005
695
81.9Transportation and utilities
6,521
884
1,440
761
5,081
921
82.6Transportation and warehousing
5,270
820
1,175
720
4,095
861
83.6Utilities
1,251
1,192
264
984
987
1,244
79.1Information
2,308
1,136
906
972
1,403
1,255
77.5Financial activities
8,308
976
4,428
831
3,881
1,247
66.6Finance and insurance
6,289
1,036
3,527
848
2,762
1,438
59.0Real estate and rental and leasing
2,019
829
900
775
1,119
879
88.2Professional and business services
12,943
993
5,131
857
7,812
1,125
76.2Professional and technical services
8,176
1,273
3,367
1,024
4,808
1,490
68.7Management, administrative, and waste services
4,767
617
1,764
593
3,003
634
93.5Education and health services
25,646
877
18,790
815
6,856
1,060
76.9Educational services
10,475
960
7,080
923
3,395
1,076
85.8Health care and social assistance
15,172
793
11,710
745
3,461
1,041
71.6Leisure and hospitality
7,789
534
3,510
496
4,279
577
86.0Arts, entertainment, and recreation
1,691
686
674
627
1,017
728
86.1Accommodation and food services
6,098
504
2,836
475
3,262
528
90.0Other services
4,305
686
1,907
601
2,398
758
79.3Other services, except private households
3,974
707
1,615
623
2,359
759
82.1Private households
331
491
292
482
40
(1)
(2)Public administration
6,391
998
2,822
892
3,569
1,123
79.4(1) Data not shown where the employment base is less than 50,000.

(2) Data not shown where the employment base for either the numerator or denominator is less than 50,000.

Note: Data exclude all self-employed people, both those with incorporated and unincorporated businesses.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 20. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, by selected characteristics, 2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic
Workers paid hourly ratesTotal
Total at or below prevailing federal minimum wageTotal
Percentage of hourly paid workers
At prevailing federal minimum wage
Below prevailing federal minimum wageAge and genderTotal, 16 years and older
79,883
2,153
2.7
701
1,45116 to 24 years
15,856
976
6.2
383
59425 years and older
64,026
1,176
1.8
319
857Women, 16 years and older
40,315
1,384
3.4
432
95216 to 24 years
7,890
619
7.8
235
38425 years and older
32,425
764
2.4
196
568Men, 16 years and older
39,568
769
1.9
270
49916 to 24 years
7,967
357
4.5
147
21025 years and older
31,601
412
1.3
122
289Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity(1)White
61,080
1,597
2.6
469
1,127Women
30,256
1,043
3.4
280
763Men
30,823
554
1.8
190
364Black or African American
11,681
390
3.3
193
197Women
6,385
234
3.7
131
103Men
5,297
156
2.9
62
93Asian
3,962
96
2.4
21
75Women
2,121
61
2.9
11
50Men
1,841
35
1.9
10
25Hispanic or Latino
16,241
366
2.3
103
264Women
7,197
229
3.2
59
171Men
9,044
137
1.5
44
93Full- and part-time status(2)Full-time workers
59,198
884
1.5
183
702Women
26,780
550
2.1
116
434Men
32,418
334
1.0
66
268Part-time workers
20,582
1,267
6.2
519
748Women
13,474
833
6.2
316
517Men
7,108
434
6.1
203
231(1) Estimates for the race groups—White, Black or African American, and Asian—do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

(2) The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data will not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders. Full time is 35 hours or more per week; part time is less than 35 hours.

Note: Data exclude all self-employed people, both those with incorporated and unincorporated businesses.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 21. Employed people, by full- and part-time status and gender, 1968–2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Year and Gender
Total employed
Usually full time
Usually part time
Percentage usually full time
Percentage usually part time**Total**1968
75,920
65,277
10,644
86.0
14.01969
77,902
66,596
11,306
85.5
14.51970
78,678
66,753
11,925
84.8
15.21971
79,367
66,973
12,393
84.4
15.61972
82,153
69,214
12,939
84.3
15.71973
85,064
71,803
13,262
84.4
15.61974
86,794
73,093
13,701
84.2
15.81975
85,846
71,586
14,260
83.4
16.61976
88,752
73,964
14,788
83.3
16.71977
92,017
76,625
15,391
83.3
16.71978
96,048
80,193
15,855
83.5
16.51979
98,824
82,654
16,171
83.6
16.41980
99,303
82,562
16,740
83.1
16.91981
100,397
83,243
17,154
82.9
17.11982
99,526
81,421
18,106
81.8
18.21983
100,834
82,322
18,511
81.6
18.41984
105,005
86,544
18,462
82.4
17.61985
107,150
88,534
18,615
82.6
17.41986
109,597
90,529
19,069
82.6
17.41987
112,440
92,957
19,483
82.7
17.31988
114,968
95,214
19,754
82.8
17.21989
117,342
97,369
19,973
83.0
17.01990
118,793
98,666
20,128
83.1
16.91991
117,718
97,190
20,528
82.6
17.41992
118,492
97,664
20,828
82.4
17.61993
120,259
99,114
21,145
82.4
17.61994
123,060
99,772
23,288
81.1
18.91995
124,900
101,679
23,220
81.4
18.61996
126,708
103,537
23,170
81.7
18.31997
129,558
106,334
23,224
82.1
17.91998
131,463
108,202
23,261
82.3
17.71999
133,488
110,302
23,186
82.6
17.42000
136,891
113,846
23,044
83.2
16.82001
136,933
113,573
23,361
82.9
17.12002
136,485
112,700
23,785
82.6
17.42003
137,736
113,324
24,412
82.3
17.72004
139,252
114,518
24,734
82.2
17.82005
141,730
117,016
24,714
82.6
17.42006
144,427
119,688
24,739
82.9
17.12007
146,047
121,091
24,956
82.9
17.12008
145,362
120,030
25,332
82.6
17.42009
139,877
112,634
27,244
80.5
19.52010
139,064
111,714
27,350
80.3
19.72011
139,869
112,556
27,313
80.5
19.52012
142,469
114,809
27,661
80.6
19.42013
143,929
116,314
27,615
80.8
19.22014
146,305
118,718
27,587
81.1
18.92015
148,834
121,492
27,341
81.6
18.42016
151,436
123,761
27,675
81.7
18.3**Women**1968
27,807
20,893
6,914
75.1
24.91969
29,084
21,781
7,303
74.9
25.11970
29,688
21,929
7,758
73.9
26.11971
29,976
21,950
8,026
73.2
26.81972
31,257
22,842
8,416
73.1
26.91973
32,715
23,960
8,756
73.2
26.81974
33,769
24,714
9,055
73.2
26.81975
33,989
24,598
9,391
72.4
27.61976
35,615
25,814
9,799
72.5
27.51977
37,289
27,076
10,213
72.6
27.41978
39,569
28,912
10,658
73.1
26.91979
41,217
30,227
10,990
73.3
26.71980
42,117
30,845
11,270
73.2
26.81981
43,000
31,337
11,664
72.9
27.11982
43,256
31,086
12,170
71.9
28.11983
44,047
31,679
12,367
71.9
28.11984
45,915
33,473
12,441
72.9
27.11985
47,259
34,672
12,587
73.4
26.61986
48,706
35,845
12,862
73.6
26.41987
50,334
37,210
13,124
73.9
26.11988
51,696
38,398
13,298
74.3
25.71989
53,027
39,484
13,544
74.5
25.51990
53,689
40,165
13,524
74.8
25.21991
53,496
39,783
13,713
74.4
25.61992
54,052
40,301
13,751
74.6
25.41993
54,910
40,991
13,919
74.7
25.31994
56,610
40,940
15,670
72.3
27.71995
57,523
41,743
15,779
72.6
27.41996
58,501
42,776
15,725
73.1
26.91997
59,873
44,076
15,797
73.6
26.41998
60,771
45,014
15,757
74.1
25.91999
62,042
46,372
15,670
74.7
25.32000
63,586
47,916
15,670
75.4
24.62001
63,737
47,950
15,788
75.2
24.82002
63,582
47,494
16,088
74.7
25.32003
64,404
47,946
16,459
74.4
25.62004
64,728
48,073
16,654
74.3
25.72005
65,757
49,158
16,598
74.8
25.22006
66,925
50,380
16,545
75.3
24.72007
67,792
51,056
16,736
75.3
24.72008
67,876
51,178
16,698
75.4
24.62009
66,208
48,683
17,525
73.5
26.52010
65,705
48,214
17,491
73.4
26.62011
65,579
48,224
17,355
73.5
26.52012
66,914
49,331
17,583
73.7
26.32013
67,577
49,979
17,598
74.0
26.02014
68,613
50,889
17,724
74.2
25.82015
69,703
52,142
17,561
74.8
25.22016
70,868
53,194
17,674
75.1
24.9**Men**1968
48,114
44,384
3,730
92.2
7.81969
48,818
44,815
4,003
91.8
8.21970
48,990
44,825
4,166
91.5
8.51971
49,390
45,023
4,367
91.2
8.81972
50,896
46,373
4,523
91.1
8.91973
52,349
47,843
4,507
91.4
8.61974
53,024
48,378
4,646
91.2
8.81975
51,857
46,988
4,870
90.6
9.41976
53,138
48,150
4,988
90.6
9.41977
54,728
49,551
5,178
90.5
9.51978
56,479
51,281
5,198
90.8
9.21979
57,607
52,427
5,180
91.0
9.01980
57,186
51,717
5,471
90.4
9.61981
57,397
51,906
5,492
90.4
9.61982
56,271
50,334
5,937
89.4
10.61983
56,787
50,643
6,145
89.2
10.81984
59,091
53,070
6,020
89.8
10.21985
59,891
53,862
6,028
89.9
10.11986
60,892
54,685
6,207
89.8
10.21987
62,107
55,746
6,360
89.8
10.21988
63,273
56,816
6,457
89.8
10.21989
64,315
57,885
6,430
90.0
10.01990
65,104
58,501
6,604
89.9
10.11991
64,223
57,407
6,815
89.4
10.61992
64,440
57,363
7,077
89.0
11.01993
65,349
58,123
7,226
88.9
11.11994
66,450
58,832
7,617
88.5
11.51995
67,377
59,936
7,441
89.0
11.01996
68,207
60,762
7,445
89.1
10.91997
69,685
62,258
7,427
89.3
10.71998
70,693
63,189
7,504
89.4
10.61999
71,446
63,930
7,516
89.5
10.52000
73,305
65,930
7,375
89.9
10.12001
73,196
65,623
7,573
89.7
10.32002
72,903
65,205
7,697
89.4
10.62003
73,332
65,379
7,953
89.2
10.82004
74,524
66,444
8,080
89.2
10.82005
75,973
67,858
8,115
89.3
10.72006
77,502
69,307
8,194
89.4
10.62007
78,254
70,035
8,220
89.5
10.52008
77,486
68,853
8,634
88.9
11.12009
73,670
63,951
9,719
86.8
13.22010
73,359
63,501
9,858
86.6
13.42011
74,290
64,333
9,957
86.6
13.42012
75,555
65,477
10,078
86.7
13.32013
76,353
66,335
10,017
86.9
13.12014
77,692
67,829
9,863
87.3
12.72015
79,131
69,351
9,780
87.6
12.42016
80,568
70,567
10,002
87.6
12.4Note: Full time is 35 or more hours per week; part time is 1 to 34 hours per week. Data for 1994 and subsequent years are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and earlier years because of the introduction of a major redesign of the Current Population Survey.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.



Table 22. Average weekly hours at work in all industries and in nonagricultural industries, by gender, 1976–2016 annual averages

Year
All industries
Nonagricultural industriesTotal
Women
Men
Total
Women
Men1976
38.7
34.1
41.7
38.4
34.1
41.41977
38.8
34.2
41.9
38.5
34.2
41.61978
39.0
34.5
42.1
38.7
34.4
41.81979
38.9
34.5
42.0
38.6
34.4
41.71980
38.5
34.5
41.5
38.3
34.4
41.21981
38.1
34.1
41.1
37.9
34.1
40.71982
38.0
34.1
40.9
37.7
34.0
40.61983
38.3
34.5
41.2
38.1
34.4
41.01984
38.8
34.9
41.8
38.6
34.9
41.51985
39.0
35.2
42.0
38.9
35.2
41.81986
39.1
35.4
42.1
38.9
35.3
41.91987
39.0
35.3
42.0
38.8
35.3
41.81988
39.4
35.7
42.4
39.3
35.7
42.21989
39.6
35.8
42.6
39.4
35.8
42.41990
39.4
35.8
42.3
39.3
35.8
42.11991
39.2
35.8
42.0
39.1
35.8
41.91992
38.9
35.6
41.7
38.8
35.6
41.61993
39.4
36.0
42.2
39.3
36.0
42.11994
39.2
35.5
42.2
39.1
35.6
42.11995
39.3
35.6
42.3
39.2
35.7
42.21996
39.3
35.7
42.3
39.2
35.7
42.21997
39.5
36.0
42.4
39.4
36.0
42.31998
39.3
35.8
42.2
39.2
35.9
42.21999
39.6
36.2
42.4
39.5
36.2
42.42000
39.7
36.4
42.5
39.6
36.4
42.42001
39.2
36.1
41.9
39.2
36.1
41.82002
39.2
36.0
41.8
39.1
36.1
41.72003
39.0
35.9
41.7
39.0
35.9
41.62004
39.0
35.9
41.7
39.0
35.9
41.62005
39.2
36.1
41.8
39.1
36.1
41.72006
39.2
36.2
41.8
39.2
36.2
41.72007
39.2
36.1
41.7
39.1
36.1
41.62008
38.9
36.1
41.3
38.8
36.1
41.22009
37.9
35.3
40.2
37.8
35.3
40.12010
38.2
35.5
40.5
38.1
35.6
40.42011
38.3
35.6
40.6
38.2
35.6
40.62012
38.5
35.8
40.8
38.4
35.8
40.72013
38.6
36.0
40.9
38.5
36.0
40.82014
38.6
35.9
41.0
38.6
35.9
40.92015
38.6
35.9
40.9
38.5
35.9
40.82016
38.7
36.2
41.0
38.7
36.2
40.9Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 23. Work experience of the population, by gender and full- and part-time status, selected years, 1970–2015 (Percent distribution)

Year and gender
Population in thousands
Worked during the year
Percent distribution by work experienceTotal in thousands
Percentage of population
Total
Usually work full time
Usually work part timeTotal
50 to 52 weeks
1 to 49 weeks
Total
50 to 52 weeks
1 to 49 weeks**Total**1970
138,953
93,850
67.5
100.0
79.4
55.6
23.8
20.6
6.7
13.91975
153,180
102,603
67.0
100.0
78.9
54.3
24.6
21.2
7.5
13.71980
169,452
115,752
68.3
100.0
78.5
56.1
22.4
21.4
7.7
13.71985
179,944
123,466
68.6
100.0
78.2
58.7
19.5
21.9
8.3
13.61990
189,238
132,562
70.1
100.0
78.8
60.4
18.4
21.3
8.7
12.61995
199,925
138,971
69.5
100.0
78.6
62.9
15.7
21.3
9.1
12.22000
214,292
150,787
70.4
100.0
80.4
66.7
13.8
19.5
9.3
10.22005
227,975
154,322
67.7
100.0
80.3
67.5
12.8
19.7
10.0
9.72006
231,033
156,658
67.8
100.0
80.9
68.4
12.5
19.1
9.7
9.42007
232,995
157,653
67.7
100.0
80.9
68.4
12.5
19.1
9.8
9.32008
235,086
157,472
67.0
100.0
79.5
65.6
13.9
20.5
10.5
10.02009
237,158
153,929
64.9
100.0
78.3
64.0
14.3
21.7
11.3
10.42010
238,999
152,320
63.7
100.0
78.2
64.7
13.5
21.8
11.2
10.62011
242,602
153,479
63.3
100.0
78.6
65.8
12.8
21.4
11.2
10.22012
244,993
156,194
63.8
100.0
78.4
65.5
12.9
21.6
11.2
10.42013
247,258
156,987
63.5
100.0
79.0
66.9
12.1
21.0
10.9
10.12014
250,080
159,056
63.6
100.0
79.6
67.9
11.7
20.4
10.8
9.62015
252,766
162,329
64.2
100.0
79.6
68.0
11.6
20.4
10.6
9.8**Women**1970
73,657
38,809
52.7
100.0
67.9
40.7
27.2
32.2
10.1
22.11975
80,834
43,511
53.8
100.0
67.1
41.4
25.7
32.8
11.7
21.11980
89,259
51,492
57.7
100.0
67.7
44.7
23.0
32.3
11.9
20.41985
94,490
56,165
59.4
100.0
68.1
48.9
19.2
31.8
12.3
19.51990
98,970
61,494
62.1
100.0
69.8
51.5
18.3
30.2
12.8
17.41995
104,058
65,304
62.8
100.0
70.2
54.3
15.9
29.7
13.3
16.42000
111,440
71,341
64.0
100.0
72.9
58.4
14.5
27.1
13.4
13.72005
117,814
72,309
61.4
100.0
72.7
59.9
12.8
27.3
14.1
13.22006
119,300
73,527
61.6
100.0
73.0
60.7
12.3
27.0
14.1
12.92007
120,300
74,115
61.6
100.0
73.6
61.5
12.1
26.4
14.2
12.22008
121,328
74,363
61.3
100.0
72.2
59.3
12.9
27.8
15.0
12.92009
122,339
72,855
59.6
100.0
71.5
59.3
12.2
28.5
15.8
12.72010
123,012
71,980
58.5
100.0
71.5
59.4
12.1
28.5
15.6
12.92011
125,619
72,976
58.1
100.0
71.7
59.8
11.9
28.3
15.7
12.62012
126,791
74,051
58.4
100.0
71.5
59.4
12.1
28.5
15.2
13.32013
127,863
74,397
58.2
100.0
71.8
60.5
11.3
28.2
15.2
13.02014
129,342
75,416
58.3
100.0
72.7
61.2
11.5
27.3
14.7
12.62015
130,656
76,811
58.8
100.0
73.0
61.4
11.6
27.0
14.6
12.4**Men**1970
65,296
55,041
84.3
100.0
87.6
66.1
21.5
12.4
4.4
8.01975
72,346
59,091
81.7
100.0
87.5
63.8
23.7
12.5
4.4
8.11980
80,193
64,260
80.1
100.0
87.2
65.2
22.0
12.8
4.4
8.41985
85,454
67,301
78.8
100.0
86.5
66.8
19.7
13.5
4.8
8.71990
90,269
71,068
78.7
100.0
86.4
68.0
18.4
13.5
5.1
8.41995
95,867
73,667
76.8
100.0
86.2
70.6
15.6
13.9
5.5
8.42000
102,853
79,446
77.2
100.0
87.5
74.2
13.2
12.6
5.5
7.12005
110,161
82,013
74.4
100.0
87.0
74.2
12.8
13.0
6.3
6.72006
111,733
83,131
74.4
100.0
87.8
75.2
12.6
12.2
5.7
6.52007
112,695
83,538
74.1
100.0
87.4
74.6
12.8
12.6
5.9
6.72008
113,758
83,109
73.1
100.0
86.0
71.2
14.8
14.0
6.5
7.52009
114,820
81,073
70.6
100.0
84.4
68.3
16.1
15.6
7.3
8.32010
115,986
80,341
69.3
100.0
84.3
69.4
14.9
15.7
7.3
8.42011
116,984
80,503
68.8
100.0
84.8
71.2
13.6
15.2
7.2
8.02012
118,202
82,143
69.5
100.0
84.5
71.0
13.5
15.5
7.5
8.02013
119,395
82,590
69.2
100.0
85.5
72.7
12.8
14.5
7.1
7.42014
120,738
83,640
69.3
100.0
85.7
73.9
11.8
14.3
7.2
7.12015
122,110
85,518
70.0
100.0
85.6
73.9
11.7
14.4
7.0
7.4Note: These data reflect work experience for the entire year.

The 2013 data in this report, collected in the 2014 ASEC, are based on fewer sample responses than in recent years. Approximately three-eighths of the 2014 CPS ASEC sample was used to test redesigned questions on income and health insurance coverage; this portion of the sample was not used to generate the estimates in this table.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplements, 1971–2016.



Table 24A. Married-couple families, by number and relationship of earners, 1967–2015 (Numbers in thousands)

Year
Married-couple familiesTotal
No earners
One earner
Two or more earnersTotal
Husband only
Wife only
Other family member
Total
Husband and wife
Husband and other family member
Wife and other family member
Husband and wife are not earners1967
43,292
2,943
16,490
15,429
716
345
23,859
18,888
4,639
-
-1968
43,842
2,888
16,375
15,310
730
335
24,579
19,743
4,522
-
-1969
44,436
3,022
16,268
15,133
797
339
25,145
20,327
4,517
-
-1970
44,832
3,252
16,117
14,931
867
320
25,464
20,510
4,622
-
-1971
45,939
3,471
16,847
15,502
1,004
340
25,621
20,641
4,651
-
-1972
46,594
3,632
16,787
15,387
1,003
398
26,175
21,279
4,553
-
-1973
47,185
4,027
16,080
14,547
1,110
423
27,078
22,152
4,535
-
-1974
47,438
4,325
15,795
14,122
1,216
457
27,319
22,451
4,442
-
-1975
47,878
4,943
16,217
14,343
1,394
481
26,717
22,338
3,861
-
-1976
48,150
4,962
15,630
13,690
1,424
516
27,559
23,104
3,829
-
-1977
48,131
5,177
15,119
13,153
1,456
512
27,835
23,474
3,812
-
-1978
48,532
5,226
14,456
12,434
1,509
513
28,850
24,655
3,609
-
-1979
49,132
5,559
13,912
11,934
1,499
480
29,660
25,595
3,476
-
-1980
49,316
5,903
13,900
11,621
1,707
573
29,513
25,557
3,380
-
-1981
49,669
6,213
13,832
11,524
1,680
628
29,624
25,729
3,212
-
-1982
49,947
6,427
14,235
11,575
2,048
613
29,285
25,387
3,149
-
-1983
50,134
6,549
13,692
11,100
1,944
647
29,893
26,119
2,996
-
-1984
50,395
6,630
12,952
10,472
1,852
628
30,814
27,035
2,891
-
-1985
50,978
6,693
12,961
10,406
1,897
658
31,324
27,787
2,764
-
-1986
51,574
6,731
12,565
9,984
1,917
664
32,278
28,811
2,730
-
-1987
51,847
6,741
12,435
9,787
1,946
702
32,671
29,369
2,576
-
-1988
52,149
6,754
11,876
9,463
1,777
636
33,519
30,536
2,303
532
1481989
52,385
6,812
11,748
9,212
1,840
695
33,825
30,879
2,373
435
1381990
52,241
6,770
11,630
9,107
1,826
698
33,841
30,829
2,369
479
1641991
52,549
7,091
11,523
8,873
1,993
657
33,935
31,049
2,161
527
1971992
53,254
7,256
11,977
9,114
2,145
718
34,021
31,268
1,940
624
1991993
53,248
7,282
11,842
8,745
2,411
687
34,123
31,302
2,051
614
1561994
53,929
7,227
11,774
8,719
2,374
681
34,928
32,125
2,048
603
1511995
53,621
7,278
11,739
8,821
2,253
664
34,604
32,061
1,878
539
1271996
53,654
7,148
11,556
8,671
2,214
671
34,950
32,406
1,899
522
1231997
54,362
7,289
11,728
8,792
2,302
634
35,345
32,764
1,853
569
1581998
54,829
7,257
12,279
9,198
2,419
662
35,293
32,810
1,726
616
1411999
55,352
7,163
12,328
9,093
2,595
640
35,861
33,360
1,815
519
1672000
56,643
7,463
12,717
9,515
2,601
600
36,463
33,892
1,865
566
1392001
56,798
7,666
12,907
9,621
2,698
588
36,224
33,696
1,898
501
1292002
57,362
7,803
13,487
10,109
2,818
560
36,071
33,547
1,845
558
1212003
57,767
8,043
14,051
10,469
3,026
557
35,673
33,220
1,789
548
1172004
58,045
7,996
14,352
10,821
2,991
540
35,696
33,131
1,832
610
1232005
58,225
8,017
14,292
10,603
3,096
593
35,915
33,380
1,818
597
1212006
59,050
8,091
14,545
10,693
3,261
591
36,414
33,880
1,752
639
1422007
58,490
7,914
14,264
10,392
3,265
608
36,312
33,718
1,847
597
1492008
59,183
8,083
14,622
10,567
3,435
620
36,477
33,930
1,739
650
1582009
58,516
8,466
15,035
10,565
3,849
621
35,015
32,327
1,789
739
1602010
58,135
8,626
15,406
10,880
3,935
591
34,103
31,425
1,783
722
1722011
59,071
9,152
15,972
11,301
4,015
656
33,947
31,212
1,833
739
1632012
59,327
9,101
15,831
11,271
3,891
669
34,395
31,594
1,881
750
1702013
59,795
9,556
15,825
11,368
3,788
669
34,414
31,685
1,849
711
1692014
60,091
9,434
15,627
11,240
3,767
620
35,030
32,000
2,082
764
1832015
60,338
9,379
15,640
11,178
3,733
729
35,320
32,333
2,028
756
203Note: Data refer to opposite-sex married-couple families only. Data reflect earnings and work experience for the entire year. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplements, 1968–2016.




Table 24B. Married-couple families, by number and relationship of earners, 1967–2015 (Percent distribution)

Year
Married-couple familiesTotal
No earners
One earner
Two or more earnersTotal
Husband only
Wife only
Other family member
Total
Husband and wife
Husband and other family member
Wife and other family member
Husband and wife are not earners1967
100.0
6.8
38.1
35.6
1.7
0.8
55.1
43.6
10.7
-
-1968
100.0
6.6
37.4
34.9
1.7
0.8
56.1
45.0
10.3
-
-1969
100.0
6.8
36.6
34.1
1.8
0.8
56.6
45.7
10.2
-
-1970
100.0
7.3
35.9
33.3
1.9
0.7
56.8
45.7
10.3
-
-1971
100.0
7.6
36.7
33.7
2.2
0.7
55.8
44.9
10.1
-
-1972
100.0
7.8
36.0
33.0
2.2
0.9
56.2
45.7
9.8
-
-1973
100.0
8.5
34.1
30.8
2.4
0.9
57.4
46.9
9.6
-
-1974
100.0
9.1
33.3
29.8
2.6
1.0
57.6
47.3
9.4
-
-1975
100.0
10.3
33.9
30.0
2.9
1.0
55.8
46.7
8.1
-
-1976
100.0
10.3
32.5
28.4
3.0
1.1
57.2
48.0
8.0
-
-1977
100.0
10.8
31.4
27.3
3.0
1.1
57.8
48.8
7.9
-
-1978
100.0
10.8
29.8
25.6
3.1
1.1
59.4
50.8
7.4
-
-1979
100.0
11.3
28.3
24.3
3.1
1.0
60.4
52.1
7.1
-
-1980
100.0
12.0
28.2
23.6
3.5
1.2
59.8
51.8
6.9
-
-1981
100.0
12.5
27.8
23.2
3.4
1.3
59.6
51.8
6.5
-
-1982
100.0
12.9
28.5
23.2
4.1
1.2
58.6
50.8
6.3
-
-1983
100.0
13.1
27.3
22.1
3.9
1.3
59.6
52.1
6.0
-
-1984
100.0
13.2
25.7
20.8
3.7
1.2
61.1
53.6
5.7
-
-1985
100.0
13.1
25.4
20.4
3.7
1.3
61.4
54.5
5.4
-
-1986
100.0
13.1
24.4
19.4
3.7
1.3
62.6
55.9
5.3
-
-1987
100.0
13.0
24.0
18.9
3.8
1.4
63.0
56.6
5.0
-
-1988
100.0
13.0
22.8
18.1
3.4
1.2
64.3
58.6
4.4
1.0
0.31989
100.0
13.0
22.4
17.6
3.5
1.3
64.6
58.9
4.5
0.8
0.31990
100.0
13.0
22.3
17.4
3.5
1.3
64.8
59.0
4.5
0.9
0.31991
100.0
13.5
21.9
16.9
3.8
1.3
64.6
59.1
4.1
1.0
0.41992
100.0
13.6
22.5
17.1
4.0
1.3
63.9
58.7
3.6
1.2
0.41993
100.0
13.7
22.2
16.4
4.5
1.3
64.1
58.8
3.9
1.2
0.31994
100.0
13.4
21.8
16.2
4.4
1.3
64.8
59.6
3.8
1.1
0.31995
100.0
13.6
21.9
16.5
4.2
1.2
64.5
59.8
3.5
1.0
0.21996
100.0
13.3
21.5
16.2
4.1
1.3
65.1
60.4
3.5
1.0
0.21997
100.0
13.4
21.6
16.2
4.2
1.2
65.0
60.3
3.4
1.0
0.31998
100.0
13.2
22.4
16.8
4.4
1.2
64.4
59.8
3.1
1.1
0.31999
100.0
12.9
22.3
16.4
4.7
1.2
64.8
60.3
3.3
0.9
0.32000
100.0
13.2
22.5
16.8
4.6
1.1
64.4
59.8
3.3
1.0
0.22001
100.0
13.5
22.7
16.9
4.8
1.0
63.8
59.3
3.3
0.9
0.22002
100.0
13.6
23.5
17.6
4.9
1.0
62.9
58.5
3.2
1.0
0.22003
100.0
13.9
24.3
18.1
5.2
1.0
61.8
57.5
3.1
0.9
0.22004
100.0
13.8
24.7
18.6
5.2
0.9
61.5
57.1
3.2
1.0
0.22005
100.0
13.8
24.5
18.2
5.3
1.0
61.7
57.3
3.1
1.0
0.22006
100.0
13.7
24.6
18.1
5.5
1.0
61.7
57.4
3.0
1.1
0.22007
100.0
13.5
24.4
17.8
5.6
1.0
62.1
57.6
3.2
1.0
0.32008
100.0
13.7
24.7
17.9
5.8
1.0
61.6
57.3
2.9
1.1
0.32009
100.0
14.5
25.7
18.1
6.6
1.1
59.8
55.2
3.1
1.3
0.32010
100.0
14.8
26.5
18.7
6.8
1.0
58.7
54.1
3.1
1.2
0.32011
100.0
15.5
27.0
19.1
6.8
1.1
57.5
52.8
3.1
1.3
0.32012
100.0
15.3
26.7
19.0
6.6
1.1
58.0
53.3
3.2
1.3
0.32013
100.0
16.0
26.5
19.0
6.3
1.1
57.6
53.0
3.1
1.2
0.32014
100.0
15.7
26.0
18.7
6.3
1.0
58.3
53.3
3.5
1.3
0.32015
100.0
15.5
25.9
18.5
6.2
1.2
58.5
53.6
3.4
1.3
0.3Note: Data refer to opposite-sex married-couple families only. Data reflect earnings and work experience for the entire year. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplements, 1968–2016.




Table 25. Contribution of wives' earnings to family income, 1970–2015

Year
Contribution to family income (median percentage)1970
26.61971
27.51972
26.71973
26.01974
25.41975
26.31976
26.41977
26.11978
26.11979
26.01980
26.71981
27.31982
28.41983
28.81984
28.41985
28.31986
29.01987
29.51988
29.61989
29.91990
30.71991
31.31992
32.41993
32.21994
31.91995
31.91996
32.61997
32.71998
32.81999
32.82000
33.52001
34.42002
34.82003
35.22004
34.92005
35.12006
35.62007
36.02008
36.02009
37.12010
37.62011
37.02012
37.32013
37.32014
36.02015
37.1Note: Data refer to opposite-sex married-couple families only. Data reflect earnings and work experience for the entire year.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplements, 1971–2016.




Table 26. Wives who earn more than their husbands, 1987–2015 (Numbers in thousands)

Year
Families in which wives have earnings but husbands may not(1)
Families in which both wives and husbands have earnings(2)Married-couple families in which wife (but not necessarily husband) have earnings from work
Wives who earn more than their husbands
Percentage of wives who earn more than their husbands
Married-couple families in which both wife and husband have earnings from work
Wives who earn more than their husbands
Percentage of wives who earn more than their husbands1987
32,025
7,581
23.7
29,755
5,311
17.81988
32,810
7,827
23.9
30,503
5,520
18.11989
33,119
8,068
24.4
30,848
5,796
18.81990
33,093
8,221
24.8
30,794
5,923
19.21991
33,516
8,983
26.8
30,998
6,465
20.91992
33,987
9,715
28.6
31,221
6,948
22.31993
34,286
10,000
29.2
31,264
6,978
22.31994
35,066
10,184
29.0
32,091
7,209
22.51995
34,819
9,822
28.2
32,030
7,033
22.01996
35,120
10,070
28.7
32,389
7,340
22.71997
35,613
10,309
28.9
32,745
7,441
22.71998
35,807
10,468
29.2
32,782
7,443
22.71999
36,454
10,548
28.9
33,340
7,434
22.32000
37,037
11,070
29.9
33,873
7,906
23.32001
36,864
11,329
30.7
33,665
8,130
24.12002
36,905
11,765
31.9
33,531
8,391
25.02003
36,761
11,923
32.4
33,189
8,351
25.22004
36,710
11,985
32.6
33,110
8,386
25.32005
37,055
12,215
33.0
33,364
8,524
25.52006
37,733
12,601
33.4
33,838
8,707
25.72007
37,536
12,570
33.5
33,678
8,712
25.92008
37,988
13,104
34.5
33,905
9,020
26.62009
36,858
13,903
37.7
32,280
9,326
28.92010
36,024
13,798
38.3
31,373
9,147
29.22011
35,908
13,505
37.6
31,165
8,762
28.12012
36,181
13,779
38.1
31,549
9,147
29.02013
36,138
13,779
38.1
31,646
9,287
29.32014
36,489
13,530
37.1
31,963
9,005
28.22015
36,772
13,939
37.9
32,287
9,454
29.3(1) Includes families in which husband had no earnings from work.

(2) Excludes families in which husband had no earnings from work.

Note: Data refer to opposite-sex married-couple families only. Data reflect earnings and work experience for the entire year. Earnings include self-employment earnings.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplements, 1988–2016.




Table 27. Working poor: Poverty status of people in the labor force for 27 weeks or more, by age, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2015 (Numbers in thousands)

Age and gender
Total
Below poverty level
Rate(1)Total
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity**Total, 16 years and older**
152,230
119,878
18,502
8,965
25,019
8,560
5,746
2,073
364
2,520
5.6
4.8
11.2
4.1
10.116 to 19 years
3,436
2,638
458
104
668
372
241
90
12
96
10.8
9.1
19.6
12.0
14.420 to 24 years
13,187
9,990
1,948
561
2,913
1,609
1,043
421
58
358
12.2
10.4
21.6
10.4
12.325 to 34 years
34,008
25,788
4,628
2,197
6,712
2,251
1,443
636
77
667
6.6
5.6
13.7
3.5
9.935 to 44 years
31,909
24,315
4,163
2,354
6,281
2,031
1,372
472
86
784
6.4
5.6
11.3
3.7
12.545 to 54 years
33,364
26,654
3,959
1,917
4,978
1,242
865
250
86
403
3.7
3.2
6.3
4.5
8.155 to 64 years
26,832
22,333
2,574
1,405
2,740
904
671
178
33
171
3.4
3.0
6.9
2.4
6.265 years and older
9,495
8,159
772
426
727
153
112
26
12
41
1.6
1.4
3.4
2.9
5.6**Women, 16 years and older**
71,013
54,729
9,751
4,154
10,631
4,508
2,864
1,301
156
1,146
6.3
5.2
13.3
3.7
10.816 to 19 years
1,731
1,308
231
53
332
225
155
52
5
62
13.0
11.9
22.4
(2)
18.720 to 24 years
6,358
4,784
963
289
1,319
891
574
260
21
186
14.0
12.0
27.0
7.2
14.125 to 34 years
15,599
11,558
2,411
954
2,724
1,238
719
420
40
304
7.9
6.2
17.4
4.2
11.135 to 44 years
14,633
10,738
2,271
1,092
2,571
1,026
626
311
38
314
7.0
5.8
13.7
3.5
12.245 to 54 years
15,687
12,255
2,084
933
2,156
592
395
146
33
176
3.8
3.2
7.0
3.6
8.155 to 64 years
12,807
10,542
1,356
671
1,220
465
342
102
12
84
3.6
3.2
7.5
1.9
6.965 years and older
4,197
3,543
435
161
308
71
52
10
6
20
1.7
1.5
2.3
4.0
6.4**Men, 16 years and older**
81,218
65,149
8,751
4,810
14,388
4,053
2,882
772
209
1,374
5.0
4.4
8.8
4.3
9.516 to 19 years
1,704
1,330
226
51
336
147
85
38
8
34
8.6
6.4
16.7
(2)
10.120 to 24 years
6,829
5,206
985
272
1,594
717
470
161
37
172
10.5
9.0
16.4
13.7
10.825 to 34 years
18,408
14,230
2,216
1,243
3,988
1,013
725
216
37
364
5.5
5.1
9.7
3.0
9.135 to 44 years
17,276
13,577
1,893
1,261
3,710
1,005
746
160
48
469
5.8
5.5
8.5
3.8
12.645 to 54 years
17,677
14,399
1,875
984
2,822
650
469
104
53
227
3.7
3.3
5.6
5.3
8.155 to 64 years
14,025
11,791
1,218
734
1,520
439
328
76
21
86
3.1
2.8
6.3
2.8
5.765 years and older
5,297
4,616
337
265
419
82
60
16
6
21
1.5
1.3
4.8
2.3
5.0(1) Number below the poverty level as a percentage of the total in the labor force for 27 or more weeks.

(2) Data not shown where labor force base is less than 80,000.

Note: These data reflect the earnings and work experience for the entire year. Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, 2016 Annual Social and Economic Supplement.




Table 28. Displaced workers, by age, gender, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and employment status, January 2016

Age, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total in thousands
Percentage distribution by employment statusTotal
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor forceTotal, 20 years and older
3,191
100.0
65.5
15.9
18.620 to 24 years
71
100.0
—
—
—25 to 54 years
2,023
100.0
72.5
17.1
10.455 to 64 years
853
100.0
60.0
15.0
24.965 years and older
245
100.0
26.5
10.7
62.8Women, 20 years and older
1,419
100.0
64.1
16.3
19.620 to 24 years
38
100.0
—
—
—25 to 54 years
872
100.0
72.3
17.0
10.755 to 64 years
383
100.0
56.8
15.0
28.265 years and older
125
100.0
28.9
13.3
57.8Men, 20 years and older
1,773
100.0
66.5
15.7
17.820 to 24 years
33
100.0
—
—
—25 to 54 years
1,151
100.0
72.7
17.2
10.155 to 64 years
469
100.0
62.6
15.1
22.365 years and older
119
100.0
24.0
7.9
68.1WhiteTotal, 20 years and older
2,573
100.0
66.5
14.8
18.6Women
1,123
100.0
65.0
14.9
20.1Men
1,450
100.0
67.7
14.8
17.5Black or African AmericanTotal, 20 years and older
394
100.0
61.5
20.3
18.2Women
224
100.0
62.5
20.9
16.6Men
170
100.0
60.1
19.6
20.3AsianTotal, 20 years and older
145
100.0
54.9
24.7
20.3Women
49
100.0
—
—
—Men
96
100.0
59.4
20.3
20.3Hispanic or Latino ethnicityTotal, 20 years and older
423
100.0
69.4
14.3
16.3Women
187
100.0
61.9
18.4
19.6Men
236
100.0
75.4
11.0
13.7Note: Workers who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2013 and December 2015 because of plant or company closings or relocations, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000). Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, January 2016 Displaced Worker, Employee Tenure and Occupational Mobility Supplement.




Table 29. Employed wage and salary workers, by age, gender, and median years of tenure with current employer, selected years, 2002–2016

Age and gender
January 2002
January 2004
January 2006
January 2008
January 2010
January 2012
January 2014
January 2016Total, 16 years and older
3.7
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.4
4.6
4.6
4.216 to 17 years
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.618 to 19 years
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.8
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.820 to 24 years
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.325 years and older
4.7
4.9
4.9
5.1
5.2
5.4
5.5
5.125 to 34 years
2.7
2.9
2.9
2.7
3.1
3.2
3.0
2.835 to 44 years
4.6
4.9
4.9
4.9
5.1
5.3
5.2
4.945 to 54 years
7.6
7.7
7.3
7.6
7.8
7.8
7.9
7.955 to 64 years
9.9
9.6
9.3
9.9
10.0
10.3
10.4
10.165 years and older
8.6
9.0
8.8
10.2
9.9
10.3
10.3
10.3Women, 16 years and older
3.4
3.8
3.9
3.9
4.2
4.6
4.5
4.016 to 17 years
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.618 to 19 years
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.8
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.820 to 24 years
1.1
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.225 years and older
4.4
4.7
4.8
4.9
5.1
5.4
5.4
5.025 to 34 years
2.5
2.8
2.8
2.6
3.0
3.1
2.9
2.635 to 44 years
4.2
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.9
5.2
5.1
4.845 to 54 years
6.5
6.4
6.7
7.0
7.1
7.3
7.6
7.555 to 64 years
9.6
9.2
9.2
9.8
9.7
10.0
10.2
10.065 years and older
9.4
9.6
9.5
9.9
10.1
10.5
10.5
10.4Men, 16 years and older
3.9
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.6
4.7
4.7
4.316 to 17 years
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.618 to 19 years
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.8
1.0
0.8
0.9
0.820 to 24 years
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.325 years and older
4.9
5.1
5.0
5.2
5.3
5.5
5.5
5.225 to 34 years
2.8
3.0
2.9
2.8
3.2
3.2
3.1
2.935 to 44 years
5.0
5.2
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.045 to 54 years
9.1
9.6
8.1
8.2
8.5
8.5
8.2
8.455 to 64 years
10.2
9.8
9.5
10.1
10.4
10.7
10.7
10.265 years and older
8.1
8.2
8.3
10.4
9.7
10.2
10.0
10.2Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, January 2002–2016 Displaced Worker, Employee Tenure and Occupational Mobility Supplement.




Table 30. Labor force status of 2016 high school graduates and 2015–16 high school dropouts, 16 to 24 years old, by school enrollment and gender, October 2016 (Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Not in labor forceTotal
Percentage of population
Employed
UnemployedTotal
Percentage of population
Total
Percentage of labor forceTotal, 2016 high school graduates(1)
3,137
1,526
48.7
1,327
42.3
199
13.1
1,610Women
1,620
716
44.2
642
39.6
74
10.3
904Men
1,517
811
53.4
685
45.2
126
15.5
706Enrolled in college
2,188
840
38.4
773
35.3
67
8.0
1,348Percentage of total 2016 graduates
69.7
55.0
—
58.3
—
33.7
—
83.7Women
1,165
416
35.7
394
33.9
21
5.2
749Percentage of female 2016 graduates
71.9
58.1
—
61.4
—
28.4
—
82.9Men
1,023
425
41.5
379
37.0
46
10.7
599Percentage of male 2016 graduates
67.4
52.4
—
55.3
—
36.5
—
84.8Not enrolled in college
948
686
72.3
554
58.4
132
19.3
262Percentage of total 2016 graduates
30.2
45.0
—
41.7
—
66.3
—
16.3Women
455
300
65.9
248
54.4
52
17.5
155Percentage of female 2016 graduates
28.1
41.9
—
38.6
—
70.3
—
17.1Men
493
386
78.3
306
62.0
80
20.7
107Percentage of male 2016 graduates
32.5
47.6
—
44.7
—
63.5
—
15.2Total, 2015–16 high school dropouts(2)
513
261
50.9
178
34.7
83
31.9
252Women
214
81
37.7
54
25.1
27
33.3
134Men
299
181
60.4
124
41.5
56
31.3
118(1) Data refer to people who graduated from high school in January through October 2016.

(2) Data refer to people who dropped out of school between October 2015 and October 2016.

Note: Sums of individual items may not equal totals because of rounding.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, October 2016 School Enrollment Supplement.




Table 31. Labor force status of people, 16 to 24 years old, by school enrollment, gender, and educational attainment, October 2016 (Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Not in labor forceTotal
Percentage of population
Employed
UnemployedTotal
Percentage of population
Total
Percentage of labor forceEnrolled in school
22,058
7,947
36.0
7,276
33.0
671
8.4
14,111Women
11,220
4,286
38.2
4,007
35.7
279
6.5
6,934Men
10,838
3,661
33.8
3,269
30.2
392
10.7
7,177Enrolled in high school(1)
9,521
1,971
20.7
1,650
17.3
321
16.3
7,550Women
4,560
1,071
23.5
919
20.2
152
14.2
3,489Men
4,962
900
18.1
731
14.7
169
18.8
4,061Enrolled in college
12,536
5,976
47.7
5,626
44.9
350
5.9
6,561Women
6,660
3,215
48.3
3,088
46.4
127
3.9
3,445Men
5,876
2,761
47.0
2,538
43.2
223
8.1
3,116Not enrolled in school
16,309
13,004
79.7
11,544
70.8
1,460
11.2
3,306Women
7,810
5,893
75.5
5,327
68.2
566
9.6
1,916Less than a high school diploma
964
457
47.4
362
37.6
95
20.7
507High school graduates, no college(2)
3,182
2,249
70.7
1,982
62.3
267
11.9
933Some college or associate's degree
2,099
1,750
83.4
1,618
77.1
132
7.5
349Bachelor’s degree and higher
1,565
1,438
91.9
1,365
87.2
73
5.1
127Men
8,500
7,110
83.7
6,217
73.1
894
12.6
1,389Less than a high school diploma
1,371
954
69.6
725
52.9
229
24.0
417High school graduates, no college(2)
4,144
3,455
83.4
3,000
72.4
455
13.2
689Some college or associate's degree
1,904
1,697
89.1
1,571
82.5
126
7.4
207Bachelor’s degree and higher
1,081
1,004
92.9
921
85.2
83
8.3
77(1) Includes a small number of people enrolled in grades below high school.

(2) Includes those who have earned a high school diploma or the equivalent.

Note: Sums of individual items may not equal totals because of rounding.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, October 2016 School Enrollment Supplement.




Table 32. Multiple jobholders and multiple jobholding rates, by gender, 1994–2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Year
Total employed
Multiple jobholders
Multiple-jobholding rate(1)Total
Women
Men
Total
Women
MenNumber
Percentage of all multiple jobholders1994
123,060
7,260
3,336
46.0
3,924
5.9
5.9
5.91995
124,900
7,693
3,554
46.2
4,139
6.2
6.2
6.11996
126,708
7,832
3,640
46.5
4,192
6.2
6.2
6.11997
129,558
7,955
3,718
46.7
4,237
6.1
6.2
6.11998
131,463
7,926
3,748
47.3
4,178
6.0
6.2
5.91999
133,488
7,802
3,698
47.4
4,104
5.8
6.0
5.72000
136,891
7,604
3,608
47.4
3,996
5.6
5.7
5.52001
136,933
7,357
3,523
47.9
3,834
5.4
5.5
5.22002
136,485
7,291
3,557
48.8
3,734
5.3
5.6
5.12003
137,736
7,315
3,599
49.2
3,716
5.3
5.6
5.12004
139,252
7,473
3,638
48.7
3,835
5.4
5.6
5.12005
141,730
7,546
3,691
48.9
3,855
5.3
5.6
5.12006
144,427
7,576
3,753
49.5
3,822
5.2
5.6
4.92007
146,047
7,655
3,822
49.9
3,833
5.2
5.6
4.92008
145,362
7,620
3,783
49.6
3,837
5.2
5.6
5.02009
139,877
7,271
3,741
51.5
3,530
5.2
5.6
4.82010
139,064
6,878
3,552
51.6
3,326
4.9
5.4
4.52011
139,869
6,880
3,496
50.8
3,384
4.9
5.3
4.62012
142,469
6,943
3,495
50.3
3,448
4.9
5.2
4.62013
143,929
7,002
3,517
50.2
3,486
4.9
5.2
4.62014
146,305
7,146
3,636
50.9
3,511
4.9
5.3
4.52015
148,834
7,262
3,692
50.8
3,571
4.9
5.3
4.52016
151,436
7,531
3,887
51.6
3,645
5.0
5.5
4.5(1) Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed people in specified group.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.



Table 33. Unincorporated self-employed people in nonagricultural industries, by gender, 1976–2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Year
Total
Women
Men
Self-employed women as percentage of total self-employedTotal employed
Self-employed
Self-employed as a percentage of total
Total employed
Self-employed
Self-employed as a percentage of total
Total employed
Self-employed
Self-employed as a percentage of total1976
85,421
5,782
6.8
35,027
1,549
4.4
50,394
4,233
8.4
26.81977
88,734
6,115
6.9
36,677
1,692
4.6
52,057
4,423
8.5
27.71978
92,661
6,428
6.9
38,900
1,814
4.7
53,761
4,614
8.6
28.21979
95,477
6,792
7.1
40,556
1,982
4.9
54,921
4,810
8.8
29.21980
95,938
7,001
7.3
41,461
2,097
5.1
54,477
4,904
9.0
30.01981
97,030
7,097
7.3
42,333
2,192
5.2
54,697
4,905
9.0
30.91982
96,125
7,263
7.6
42,591
2,309
5.4
53,534
4,954
9.3
31.81983
97,450
7,575
7.8
43,367
2,439
5.6
54,083
5,136
9.5
32.21984
101,685
7,785
7.7
45,262
2,566
5.7
56,423
5,219
9.2
33.01985
103,971
7,810
7.5
46,615
2,603
5.6
57,356
5,207
9.1
33.31986
106,435
7,881
7.4
48,054
2,610
5.4
58,381
5,271
9.0
33.11987
109,232
8,201
7.5
49,668
2,778
5.6
59,564
5,423
9.1
33.91988
111,800
8,519
7.6
51,020
2,955
5.8
60,780
5,564
9.2
34.71989
114,143
8,605
7.5
52,341
3,043
5.8
61,802
5,562
9.0
35.41990
115,570
8,719
7.5
53,011
3,122
5.9
62,559
5,597
8.9
35.81991
114,449
8,850
7.7
52,815
3,150
6.0
61,634
5,700
9.2
35.61992
115,246
8,576
7.4
53,380
2,963
5.6
61,866
5,613
9.1
34.51993
117,144
8,959
7.6
54,273
3,065
5.6
62,871
5,894
9.4
34.21994
119,651
9,003
7.5
55,755
3,443
6.2
63,896
5,560
8.7
38.21995
121,460
8,901
7.3
56,642
3,440
6.1
64,818
5,461
8.4
38.61996
123,264
8,971
7.3
57,630
3,506
6.1
65,634
5,465
8.3
39.11997
126,159
9,056
7.2
59,026
3,550
6.0
67,133
5,506
8.2
39.21998
128,085
8,962
7.0
59,945
3,482
5.8
68,140
5,480
8.0
38.91999
130,207
8,790
6.8
61,193
3,424
5.6
69,014
5,366
7.8
39.02000
134,427
9,205
6.8
62,983
3,631
5.8
71,444
5,573
7.8
39.42001
134,635
9,121
6.8
63,147
3,594
5.7
71,488
5,527
7.7
39.42002
134,174
8,923
6.7
62,995
3,499
5.6
71,179
5,425
7.6
39.22003
135,461
9,344
6.9
63,824
3,609
5.7
71,636
5,736
8.0
38.62004
137,020
9,467
6.9
64,182
3,607
5.6
72,838
5,860
8.0
38.12005
139,532
9,509
6.8
65,213
3,565
5.5
74,319
5,944
8.0
37.52006
142,221
9,685
6.8
66,382
3,681
5.5
75,838
6,004
7.9
38.02007
143,952
9,557
6.6
67,302
3,637
5.4
76,650
5,920
7.7
38.12008
143,194
9,219
6.4
67,358
3,483
5.2
75,836
5,736
7.6
37.82009
137,775
8,995
6.5
65,712
3,468
5.3
72,062
5,527
7.7
38.62010
136,858
8,860
6.5
65,164
3,388
5.2
71,694
5,472
7.6
38.22011
137,615
8,603
6.3
65,023
3,341
5.1
72,592
5,262
7.2
38.82012
140,283
8,749
6.2
66,353
3,483
5.2
73,930
5,266
7.1
39.82013
141,799
8,619
6.1
67,058
3,508
5.2
74,742
5,111
6.8
40.72014
144,068
8,602
6.0
68,061
3,444
5.1
76,007
5,158
6.8
40.02015
146,411
8,665
5.9
69,106
3,396
4.9
77,305
5,269
6.8
39.22016
148,976
8,751
5.9
70,247
3,385
4.8
78,729
5,366
6.8
38.7Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 34. Employment status of the native-born and foreign-born civilian noninstitutional population, by age and gender, 2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Native- or foreign-born status, age, and gender
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Not in labor forceTotal
Percentage of population
Employed
UnemployedTotal
Percentage of population
Total
Percentage of labor force**Total**Native born 16 years and older(1)
212,217
132,236
62.3
125,657
59.2
6,580
5.0
79,98016 to 24 years
34,733
19,316
55.6
17,266
49.7
2,050
10.6
15,41625 to 34 years
35,762
29,683
83.0
28,133
78.7
1,550
5.2
6,07935 to 44 years
30,599
25,560
83.5
24,572
80.3
988
3.9
5,03945 to 54 years
34,028
27,219
80.0
26,289
77.3
929
3.4
6,80955 to 64 years
35,289
22,422
63.5
21,661
61.4
761
3.4
12,86765 years and older
41,807
8,036
19.2
7,736
18.5
300
3.7
33,770Foreign born 16 years and older(2)
41,321
26,951
65.2
25,779
62.4
1,172
4.3
14,37016 to 24 years
3,702
1,886
50.9
1,726
46.6
160
8.5
1,81625 to 34 years
7,785
5,836
75.0
5,589
71.8
247
4.2
1,94835 to 44 years
9,218
7,259
78.8
6,990
75.8
269
3.7
1,95845 to 54 years
8,369
6,690
79.9
6,430
76.8
259
3.9
1,68055 to 64 years
6,019
4,044
67.2
3,863
64.2
180
4.5
1,97565 years and older
6,228
1,235
19.8
1,180
18.9
55
4.5
4,993**Women**Native born 16 years and older(1)
109,776
63,076
57.5
60,096
54.7
2,981
4.7
46,70016 to 24 years
17,276
9,458
54.7
8,576
49.6
882
9.3
7,81825 to 34 years
18,142
14,089
77.7
13,383
73.8
707
5.0
4,05235 to 44 years
15,611
12,115
77.6
11,647
74.6
468
3.9
3,49645 to 54 years
17,399
13,068
75.1
12,623
72.6
445
3.4
4,33055 to 64 years
18,312
10,733
58.6
10,400
56.8
333
3.1
7,57965 years and older
23,037
3,612
15.7
3,467
15.0
145
4.0
19,425Foreign born 16 years and older(2)
21,264
11,356
53.4
10,772
50.7
584
5.1
9,90816 to 24 years
1,787
796
44.5
719
40.3
76
9.6
99125 to 34 years
3,835
2,279
59.4
2,154
56.2
125
5.5
1,55535 to 44 years
4,692
3,019
64.3
2,873
61.2
146
4.8
1,67345 to 54 years
4,272
2,951
69.1
2,810
65.8
141
4.8
1,32155 to 64 years
3,129
1,794
57.3
1,714
54.8
80
4.4
1,33565 years and older
3,550
518
14.6
502
14.1
16
3.2
3,032**Men**Native born 16 years and older(1)
102,441
69,160
67.5
65,561
64.0
3,599
5.2
33,28016 to 24 years
17,457
9,859
56.5
8,690
49.8
1,169
11.9
7,59825 to 34 years
17,620
15,594
88.5
14,750
83.7
844
5.4
2,02735 to 44 years
14,987
13,445
89.7
12,925
86.2
520
3.9
1,54345 to 54 years
16,629
14,151
85.1
13,667
82.2
484
3.4
2,47955 to 64 years
16,977
11,688
68.8
11,261
66.3
428
3.7
5,28965 years and older
18,770
4,424
23.6
4,269
22.7
155
3.5
14,345Foreign born 16 years and older(2)
20,057
15,595
77.8
15,007
74.8
588
3.8
4,46216 to 24 years
1,915
1,091
57.0
1,006
52.5
84
7.7
82425 to 34 years
3,950
3,557
90.1
3,435
87.0
122
3.4
39335 to 44 years
4,526
4,241
93.7
4,117
91.0
124
2.9
28545 to 54 years
4,098
3,739
91.2
3,621
88.4
118
3.2
35955 to 64 years
2,890
2,250
77.9
2,149
74.4
101
4.5
64065 years and older
2,678
717
26.8
679
25.3
39
5.4
1,961(1) The native born are people who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas, such as Puerto Rico or Guam, or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

(2) The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas, such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents who were not U.S. citizens. This group includes legally admitted immigrants, refugees, students, temporary workers, and undocumented immigrants. The survey data, however, do not separately identify the number of people in these categories.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.



Table 35. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers, by gender, 1983–2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Year
Total
Women
MenTotal Employed
Members of unions(1)
Represented by unions(2)
Total Employed
Members of unions(1)
Represented by unions(2)
Total Employed
Members of unions(1)
Represented by unions(2)Total
Percentage of employed
Total
Percentage of employed
Total
Percentage of employed
Total
Percentage of employed
Total
Percentage of employed
Total
Percentage of employed1983
88,290
17,717
20.1
20,532
23.3
40,433
5,908
14.6
7,262
18.0
47,856
11,809
24.7
13,270
27.71984
92,194
17,340
18.8
19,932
21.6
42,172
5,829
13.8
7,100
16.8
50,022
11,511
23.0
12,832
25.71985
94,521
16,996
18.0
19,358
20.5
43,506
5,732
13.2
6,910
15.9
51,015
11,264
22.1
12,448
24.41986
96,903
16,975
17.5
19,278
19.9
44,961
5,802
12.9
6,961
15.5
51,942
11,173
21.5
12,317
23.71987
99,303
16,913
17.0
19,051
19.2
46,365
5,842
12.6
6,907
14.9
52,938
11,071
20.9
12,144
22.91988
101,407
17,002
16.8
19,241
19.0
47,495
5,982
12.6
7,109
15.0
53,912
11,019
20.4
12,132
22.51989
103,480
16,960
16.4
19,198
18.6
48,691
6,141
12.6
7,243
14.9
54,789
10,820
19.7
11,955
21.81990
104,876
16,776
16.0
19,105
18.2
49,323
6,179
12.5
7,330
14.9
55,553
10,597
19.1
11,775
21.21991
103,723
16,612
16.0
18,790
18.1
49,105
6,142
12.5
7,247
14.8
54,618
10,470
19.2
11,542
21.11992
104,668
16,418
15.7
18,578
17.7
49,842
6,274
12.6
7,411
14.9
54,826
10,144
18.5
11,167
20.41993
106,101
16,627
15.7
18,682
17.6
50,626
6,516
12.9
7,610
15.0
55,475
10,112
18.2
11,072
20.01994
107,989
16,748
15.5
18,850
17.5
51,419
6,642
12.9
7,740
15.1
56,570
10,106
17.9
11,110
19.61995
110,038
16,360
14.9
18,346
16.7
52,369
6,430
12.3
7,479
14.3
57,669
9,929
17.2
10,868
18.81996
111,960
16,269
14.5
18,158
16.2
53,488
6,410
12.0
7,397
13.8
58,473
9,859
16.9
10,761
18.41997
114,533
16,110
14.1
17,923
15.6
54,708
6,347
11.6
7,304
13.4
59,825
9,763
16.3
10,619
17.71998
116,730
16,211
13.9
17,918
15.4
55,757
6,362
11.4
7,280
13.1
60,973
9,850
16.2
10,638
17.41999
118,963
16,477
13.9
18,182
15.3
57,050
6,528
11.4
7,425
13.0
61,914
9,949
16.1
10,758
17.42000
122,089
16,334
13.4
18,153
14.9
58,427
6,671
11.4
7,662
13.1
63,662
9,664
15.2
10,491
16.52001
122,229
16,305
13.3
18,026
14.7
58,582
6,768
11.6
7,672
13.1
63,647
9,538
15.0
10,354
16.32002
121,826
16,145
13.3
17,695
14.5
58,555
6,820
11.6
7,629
13.0
63,272
9,325
14.7
10,066
15.92003
122,358
15,776
12.9
17,448
14.3
59,122
6,732
11.4
7,601
12.9
63,236
9,044
14.3
9,848
15.62004
123,554
15,472
12.5
17,087
13.8
59,408
6,593
11.1
7,450
12.5
64,145
8,878
13.8
9,638
15.02005
125,889
15,685
12.5
17,223
13.7
60,423
6,815
11.3
7,626
12.6
65,466
8,870
13.5
9,597
14.72006
128,237
15,359
12.0
16,860
13.1
61,426
6,702
10.9
7,501
12.2
66,811
8,657
13.0
9,360
14.02007
129,767
15,670
12.1
17,243
13.3
62,299
6,903
11.1
7,749
12.4
67,468
8,767
13.0
9,494
14.12008
129,377
16,098
12.4
17,761
13.7
62,532
7,160
11.4
8,036
12.9
66,846
8,938
13.4
9,724
14.52009
124,490
15,327
12.3
16,904
13.6
60,951
6,887
11.3
7,727
12.7
63,539
8,441
13.3
9,176
14.42010
124,073
14,715
11.9
16,290
13.1
60,542
6,722
11.1
7,528
12.4
63,531
7,994
12.6
8,761
13.82011
125,187
14,764
11.8
16,290
13.0
60,502
6,758
11.2
7,558
12.5
64,686
8,006
12.4
8,731
13.52012
127,577
14,366
11.3
15,922
12.5
61,679
6,470
10.5
7,311
11.9
65,898
7,895
12.0
8,611
13.12013
129,110
14,528
11.3
16,028
12.4
62,316
6,573
10.5
7,340
11.8
66,794
7,955
11.9
8,688
13.02014
131,431
14,576
11.1
16,152
12.3
63,383
6,638
10.5
7,434
11.7
68,048
7,939
11.7
8,717
12.82015
133,743
14,795
11.1
16,441
12.3
64,445
6,833
10.6
7,681
11.9
69,298
7,963
11.5
8,760
12.62016
136,101
14,555
10.7
16,271
12.0
65,512
6,667
10.2
7,567
11.6
70,589
7,888
11.2
8,704
12.3(1)Members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.

(2) Members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union, as well as workers who are not members of unions but whose jobs are covered by a union or employee association contract.

Note: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated and unincorporated businesses. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 36. Employment status of people, 18 years and older, by veteran status, period of service, and gender, 2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Veteran status, employment status, and period of service
Total
Women
Men
Women as a percentage of totalTotal veteransCivilian noninstitutional population
20,895
2,014
18,881
9.6Civilian labor force
10,581
1,247
9,334
11.8Participation rate
50.6
61.9
49.4Employed
10,129
1,184
8,944
11.7Employment-population ratio
48.5
58.8
47.4Unemployed
453
63
390
13.9Unemployment rate
4.3
5.0
4.2Not in labor force
10,314
767
9,547
7.4Gulf War-era II veteransCivilian noninstitutional population
3,896
689
3,207
17.7Civilian labor force
3,174
508
2,666
16.0Participation rate
81.5
73.7
83.1Employed
3,013
480
2,533
15.9Employment-population ratio
77.3
69.6
79.0Unemployed
161
28
133
17.4Unemployment rate
5.1
5.6
5.0Not in labor force
722
181
541
25.1Gulf War-era I veteransCivilian noninstitutional population
3,354
509
2,845
15.2Civilian labor force
2,695
379
2,315
14.1Participation rate
80.4
74.6
81.4Employed
2,597
364
2,233
14.0Employment-population ratio
77.4
71.5
78.5Unemployed
98
16
82
16.3Unemployment rate
3.6
4.2
3.5Not in labor force
659
129
530
19.6World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veteransCivilian noninstitutional population
8,490
304
8,186
3.6Civilian labor force
2,108
75
2,033
3.6Participation rate
24.8
24.6
24.8Employed
2,025
70
1,955
3.5Employment-population ratio
23.8
23.1
23.9Unemployed
83
5
78
6.0Unemployment rate
3.9
6.4
3.9Not in labor force
6,382
229
6,153
3.6Veterans of other service periodsCivilian noninstitutional population
5,156
512
4,644
9.9Civilian labor force
2,604
285
2,320
10.9Participation rate
50.5
55.6
50.0Employed
2,494
271
2,224
10.9Employment-population ratio
48.4
52.9
47.9Unemployed
110
14
96
12.7Unemployment rate
4.2
4.9
4.1Not in labor force
2,551
227
2,324
8.9NonveteransCivilian noninstitutional population
223,649
124,541
99,107
55.7Civilian labor force
146,479
72,086
74,393
49.2Participation rate
65.5
57.9
75.1Employed
139,560
68,761
70,799
49.3Employment-population ratio
62.4
55.2
71.4Unemployed
6,919
3,325
3,594
48.1Unemployment rate
4.7
4.6
4.8Not in labor force
77,170
52,455
24,714
68.0Note: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001–present), Gulf War era I (August 1990–August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964–April 1975), Korean War (July 1950–January 1955), World War II (December 1941–December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.




Table 37. Employment and disability status of people, by gender and age, 2016 annual averages (Numbers in thousands)

Disability status, employment status, and age
Total
Women
MenTotal persons with a disabilityCivilian noninstitutional population
29,971
16,073
13,898Civilian labor force
6,005
2,710
3,295Participation rate
20.0
16.9
23.7Employed
5,372
2,411
2,961Employment-population ratio
17.9
15.0
21.3Unemployed
633
299
334Unemployment rate
10.5
11.0
10.1Not in labor force
23,965
13,363
10,60316 to 64 yearsCivilian noninstitutional population
15,746
7,995
7,751Civilian labor force
4,919
2,266
2,653Participation rate
31.2
28.3
34.2Employed
4,356
2,000
2,356Employment-population ratio
27.7
25.0
30.4Unemployed
564
266
298Unemployment rate
11.5
11.7
11.2Not in labor force
10,827
5,730
5,09765 years and olderCivilian noninstitutional population
14,225
8,077
6,148Civilian labor force
1,086
444
642Participation rate
7.6
5.5
10.4Employed
1,016
411
605Employment-population ratio
7.1
5.1
9.8Unemployed
70
33
37Unemployment rate
6.4
7.4
5.7Not in labor force
13,139
7,633
5,506Total persons without a disabilityCivilian noninstitutional population
223,567
114,968
108,599Civilian labor force
153,182
71,722
81,459Participation rate
68.5
62.4
75.0Employed
146,064
68,457
77,607Employment-population ratio
65.3
59.5
71.5Unemployed
7,118
3,266
3,852Unemployment rate
4.6
4.6
4.7Not in labor force
70,385
43,245
27,14016 to 64 yearsCivilian noninstitutional population
189,757
96,458
93,299Civilian labor force
144,996
68,036
76,960Participation rate
76.4
70.5
82.5Employed
138,164
64,899
73,264Employment-population ratio
72.8
67.3
78.5Unemployed
6,832
3,137
3,696Unemployment rate
4.7
4.6
4.8Not in labor force
44,761
28,422
16,33965 years and olderCivilian noninstitutional population
33,810
18,510
15,300Civilian labor force
8,185
3,686
4,499Participation rate
24.2
19.9
29.4Employed
7,900
3,557
4,343Employment-population ratio
23.4
19.2
28.4Unemployed
285
129
157Unemployment rate
3.5
3.5
3.5Not in labor force
25,624
14,824
10,801Note: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone, such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping, because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.

Technical Notes
     
The estimates in this report were obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a national monthly sample survey of approximately 60,000 eligible households that provides a wide range of information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment. The survey is conducted for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau, using a scientifically selected national sample with coverage in all 50 states and the District of Columbia.

Material in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced without permission. Upon request, this information is available to individuals with sensory impairments. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

**Concepts and definitions**

*Children*. Children are sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children living in the household who are under age 18. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, other related and unrelated children, and children not living in the household.

*Civilian labor force*. This group comprises all people classified as employed or unemployed.

*Civilian labor force participation rate*. This rate is the civilian labor force as a percentage of the civilian noninstitutional population.

*Civilian noninstitutional population*. Included are people 16 years of age and older residing in any of the 50 states or the District of Columbia who are not confined to institutions, such as nursing homes and prisons, and who are not on active duty in the Armed Forces.

*Disability*. The CPS uses a set of six questions to identify people with disabilities. The questions are about physical, mental, or emotional conditions that cause serious difficulty with daily activities. People are classified as having a disability if there is a response of “yes” to any of these questions. For each of the questions, interviewers ask the respondent whether anyone in the household has the condition described, and if the respondent replies “yes,” he or she is then asked to identify everyone in the household who has the condition. More information, including the wording of the six questions used to identify people with a disability, is available at www.bls.gov/cps/demographics.htm#disability.

*Displaced workers*. Displaced workers are wage and salary workers 20 years of age and older who lost or left jobs because their plant or company closed or moved, there was insufficient work for them to do, or their position or shift was abolished. Data are presented for long-tenured displaced workers—those who had worked for their employer for 3 or more years at the time of displacement. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. Data are collected through a biennial supplement to the January CPS.

*Employed people*. Employed people are all those who, during the survey reference week, (a) did any work at all as paid employees; (b) worked in their own business, in a profession, or on their own farm; or (c) worked 15 or more hours as unpaid workers in a family member’s business. People who were temporarily absent from their jobs or business because of illness, vacation, a labor dispute, or another reason also are counted as employed.

*Employment-population ratio*. This ratio is the number of employed as a percentage of the population.

*Family*. A family is a group of two or more people residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption.

In the survey process, a “householder” is designated for each family. The householder is the person, or one of the people, in whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. The relationship of other individuals in the household is defined in terms of their relationship to the householder.

Families include those with and without children under 18 years. Families are further categorized as follows:

*Married-couple families* refer to opposite-sex married couples residing together and any of their family members residing in the household.

*Families maintained by women or men* are made up of householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. The household may or may not include a same-sex spouse or an unmarried domestic partner of either sex.In this report, the count of families is for “primary” families only. A primary family consists of a householder and all other people related to and residing with the householder. Sub-families are excluded from the count of families. A sub-family is a family that does not maintain their own household, for example, a married couple living in the home of a friend and their family. In this example, the report would include only one family (the householder’s or primary family), not two.

*Foreign born*. The foreign born are people residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas (such as Puerto Rico or Guam) to parents who were not U.S. citizens. The foreign-born population includes legally admitted immigrants, refugees, temporary residents such as students and temporary workers, and undocumented immigrants. The survey data, however, do not separately identify the number of people in these categories. The native born are people born in the United States or one of its outlying areas or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

*Hispanic or Latino ethnicity*. This refers to people who identified themselves in the enumeration process as being Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Information on the 2003 changes in questions on race and Hispanic ethnicity in 2003 is available at https://www.bls.gov/cps/rvcps03.pdf.

*Hours at work.*These are the actual hours worked (at all jobs) during the survey reference week, which is generally the week containing the 12th of the month. For example, people who normally work 40 hours a week but were off for 8 hours during the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours, even if they were paid for the holiday. (See related information on usual full- or part-time status.)

*Minimum wage*. The estimates of the number of workers with earnings at or below the federal minimum wage pertain only to workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and other workers who are not paid by the hour are not included, even though some have earnings that, if converted to hourly rates, would be at or below the minimum wage. Consequently, the estimates presented in this report likely understate the actual number of workers with hourly earnings at or below the federal minimum wage. BLS does not routinely estimate the hourly earnings of workers not paid by the hour because of data quality concerns associated with such an estimation process.

The prevailing federal minimum wage is $7.25, effective July 24, 2009. The presence of workers with hourly earnings below the minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), because there are a number of exemptions to the minimum-wage provisions of the law. In addition, some workers might have rounded their hourly earnings in response to survey questions. As a result, some might have reported hourly earnings below the minimum wage when, in fact, they earned the minimum wage or higher.

A number of states have established minimum wage rates that exceed the federal level. (Information on state minimum wage laws is available at www.dol.gov/whd/minwage/america.htm.) Users should be cautious about comparing state estimates in this report because of differing statutory minimum wages. It also should be noted that the CPS sample is based on residence, that is, where workers live, which may or may not be located in the same state in which they work. In addition, the degree of sampling error may be quite large for some state estimates.

*Not in the labor force*. Included in this group are all people in the civilian noninstitutional population who are neither employed nor unemployed.

*Occupation and industry*. Occupation refers to the type of job or work that a person does, and industry refers to the business activity of a person’s employer or company. People with two or more jobs are classified as being in the occupation and industry in which they worked the greatest number of hours. The CPS uses the Census occupational classification, based on the 2010 Standard Occupation Classification (SOC), and the 2012 Census industry classification, derived from the 2012 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Additional information about these classifications is available online at www.bls.gov/cps/cpsoccind.htm.

*Race*. In accordance with the Office of Management and Budget standards, White, Black or African American, and Asian are terms used to describe a person’s race. Beginning in 2003, people in these categories are those who selected that race group only. Those who identify multiple race groups are categorized as people of two or more races. More information on the 2003 changes to questions on race is available at www.bls.gov/cps/rvcps03.pdf. Data for other race groups—American Indians and Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders—and for people of two or more races are included in totals but not separately identified in this report.

*Self-employed workers*. Self-employed workers are those who work for profit or fees in their own business, in a profession, in a trade, or on a farm. The unincorporated self-employed are included in the self-employed category. Self-employed people whose businesses are incorporated are included with wage and salary workers, unless otherwise specified.

*Tenure*. Employee tenure is a measure of how long wage and salary workers had been with their current employer at the time of the survey. Tenure is presented in median years; the median is the point at which half of all workers had more tenure and half had less. Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. The data are collected through a biennial supplement to the January CPS.

*Unemployed*. The unemployed are people who had no employment during the survey reference week, were available for work (except in the case of temporary illness), and had made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the survey reference week. People on temporary layoff do not need to look for work to be classified as unemployed.

*Unemployment rate*. This rate is the number of unemployed people as a percentage of the civilian labor force.

*Union membership*. Union membership refers to members of a labor union or of an employee association similar to a union. The data are tabulated from one-quarter of the CPS monthly sample and are limited to wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses.

*Usual full- or part-time status*. To differentiate a person’s normal schedule from his or her activity during the survey reference week, people are classified as either full- or part-time workers based on the number of hours they usually work per week, regardless of the number of hours worked in the reference week. Full-time workers are those who usually work 35 or more hours per week (at all jobs combined). Part-time workers are those who usually work less than 35 hours per week (at all jobs).

*Usual weekly earnings*. Data on usual weekly earnings represent earnings before taxes and other deductions, and include any overtime pay, commissions, and tips usually received (at the main job in the case of multiple jobholders). Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly (for example, annual, monthly, or hourly) are converted to weekly. The term “usual” is as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of “usual,” interviewers are instructed to define the term as “more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months.” Data refer to the sole or primary job of wage and salary workers (excluding all self-employed people, regardless of whether or not their businesses were incorporated) and are tabulated from one-quarter of the CPS monthly sample.

Earnings estimates are presented as median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers. The median is the point at which half of all workers had higher earnings and half had lower earnings.

*Veterans*. Veterans are men and women 18 years or older who previously served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who were civilians at the time they were surveyed. People who are on active duty at the time of the survey are outside the scope of the survey and thus not in the estimates shown here. Nonveterans are men and women who never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veteran status is obtained from responses to the question, “Did you ever serve on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?”

*Wage and salary workers*. These are workers who receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. The group includes employees in the private and the public sectors. This group also generally includes the incorporated self-employed, because, legally, they are paid employees of a corporation. (Data on union membership, earnings, tenure, and displacement of wage and salary workers exclude all self-employed workers, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses.)

*Work experience*. These data reflect work activity during the calendar year and are obtained from the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) to the CPS. Estimates of people who worked are based on “yes” responses to the following questions in the ASEC: “Did you work at a job or business at any time during [the survey reference year]?” or “Did you do any temporary, part-time, or seasonal work even for a few days during [the survey reference year]?” Because the reference period is a full year, the number of people with some employment exceeds the average levels for any given month, which are based on a 1-week reference period, and the corresponding annual averages of monthly estimates.

*Workers paid by the hour*. These are wage and salary workers paid at an hourly rate on their main job. Historically, workers paid an hourly wage have made up approximately three-fifths of all wage and salary workers.

*Working poor*. The working poor are people who spent at least 27 weeks in the labor force (that is, working or looking for work) but whose incomes still fell below the official poverty level.

**Reliability of the estimates**

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

All other types of error are referred to as nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of data. Information on the reliability of data from the CPS and on estimating standard errors is available at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.
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