### Bureau of Labor Statistics U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Metal and Plastic Machine Workers Summary
                        
            
                                                        
                                                                
                        
            
            
            
                            
                                                
                                                
                                                
                                                
            									
							
				                                                
                                            




            			metal and plastic machine workers imageMetal and plastic machine workers set up and operate automated and computer-controlled machinery.							
						Quick Facts:     Metal and Plastic Machine Workers2023     Median Pay
            						$44,880     per year
										$21.58     per hourTypical Entry-Level Education
                                    See How to Become OneWork Experience in a Related Occupation
                                    NoneOn-the-job Training
                                    Moderate-term on-the-job trainingNumber of Jobs, 2022
                                    1,048,200Job Outlook, 2022-32
                                    -6% (Decline)Employment Change, 2022-32
                                    -67,200What Metal and Plastic Machine Workers Do
                                                
                        
                        
Metal and plastic machine workers set up and operate equipment that cuts, shapes, and forms metal and plastic materials or pieces.
            
                        Work Environment
                        
Metal and plastic machine workers are employed mainly in factories. Workers must adhere to safety standards to protect themselves from workplace hazards. Most work full time, which for some includes evenings and weekends.
            
                                                How to Become a Metal or Plastic Machine Worker
                                                
                        
Metal and plastic workers typically need a high school diploma to enter the occupation and receive 1 year of on-the-job training. Computer numerically controlled (CNC) tool programmers typically need postsecondary training.
            
                        Pay
                        												                            																				    														The median annual wage for metal and plastic machine workers was $44,880 in May 2023.									                                					
						
            
                        Job Outlook
                        						
												Overall employment							of metal and plastic machine workers is projected to decline							 6 percent from 2022 to 2032.
						Despite declining  employment, about 90,800 openings for metal and plastic machine workers are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
            			
            			 All of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to other occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.
						State & Area Data
                       Explore resources for employment and wages by state and area for metal and plastic machine workers.
            
            
						
                        Similar Occupations
                        
                                                    Compare the job duties, education, job growth, and pay of metal and plastic machine workers with similar occupations.
            
            
                        More Information, Including Links to O*NET
                        
                                               
                        Learn more about metal and plastic machine workers by visiting additional resources, including O*NET, a source on key characteristics of workers and occupations.
 What Metal and Plastic Machine Workers Do 
            

			Metal and plastic machine workersMetal and plastic machine workers monitor and adjust machines during operation.			
Metal and plastic machine workers set up and operate equipment that cuts, shapes, and forms metal and plastic materials or pieces.
Duties
Metal and plastic machine workers typically do the following:
Set up and adjust machines according to blueprints
Monitor machines status to ensure proper functioning
Insert material into machines, either manually or using material handling equipment
Operate shaping and forming equipment, such as metal or plastic molding, casting, or coremaking machines
Operate stock removal metalworking machines, such as lathes or mills
Adjust machine settings for temperature, cycle times, and speed and feed rates
Remove finished products and document output in a database
Measure, test, and inspect finished workpieces according to blueprints
Observe and adjust or replace dull or damaged cutting toolsMetal and plastic machine workers operate equipment that creates the parts for consumer products. In general, these workers are separated into two groups: those who set up machines for operation and those who operate machines during production. However, many workers perform both tasks.
Although many workers both set up and operate machines, some specialize in being either a machine setter or a machine operator and tender.
***Machine setters***, or setup workers, prepare the machines before production, do test runs, and, if necessary, adjust and make minor repairs to the machinery before and during operation. Computer numerically controlled (CNC) setters upload computer control programs.
After installing the tools into a machine, setup workers often produce the initial batch of goods, inspect the products, and turn over the machine to an operator.
***Machine operators and tenders*** monitor the machinery during production.
After a setter prepares a machine for production, an operator observes the machine and the products it makes. Operators may have to load the machine with materials for production or adjust machine speeds during production. They must periodically inspect the parts that a machine produces to ensure everything works properly, repairing equipment as needed. For example, the parts a machine produces may show defects if the cutting tool inside a machine becomes dull or damaged after extended use. When that happens, it is common for an operator to remove the worn tool and replace it with a new one produced by tool and die makers. Operators may fix minor problems themselves but may have an industrial machinery mechanic fix more serious problems.
Setters, operators, and tenders are usually identified by the type of machine they work with. Job duties generally vary with the size of the manufacturer and the type of machine being operated. Although some workers specialize in one or two types of machines, others are trained to set up or operate a variety of them. Automation often allows machine operators to control multiple machines at the same time.
In addition, production techniques, such as team-oriented “lean” manufacturing, require machine operators to rotate between different machines. Rotating assignments results in more varied work but also requires workers to have a range of skills.
The following are examples of types of metal and plastic machine workers:
***Computer numerically controlled tool operators*** operate CNC equipment or robots to perform functions on metal or plastic workpieces.
***Computer numerically controlled tool programmers*** develop computer programs to control the machining or processing of metal or plastic parts by automatic machine tools, equipment, or systems.
***Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders*** set up or operate machines to saw, cut, shear, notch, bend, or straighten metal or plastic materials.
***Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders*** set up or operate drilling machines to drill, bore, mill, or countersink metal or plastic workpieces.
***Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders*** set up or operate machines to extrude (pull out) thermoplastic or metal materials in the form of tubes, rods, hoses, wire, bars, or structural shapes.
***Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders*** set up or operate machines that shape or form metal or plastic into parts.
***Foundry mold and coremakers*** make or form wax or sand cores or molds used in the production of metal castings in foundries.
***Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders*** set up or operate grinding and related machine tools that remove excess material from surfaces, sharpen edges or corners, or buff or polish metal or plastic workpieces.
***Heat-treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders*** set up or operate heating equipment, such as heat-treating furnaces, flame-hardening machines, induction machines, soaking pits, or vacuum equipment, to temper, harden, anneal, or heat treat metal or plastic objects.
***Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders*** set up or operate lathe and turning machines to turn, bore, thread, or form metal or plastic materials, such as bars, rods, and castings.
***Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders*** operate or tend furnaces, such as gas, oil, coal, electric-arc or electric-induction, and oxygen furnaces. These furnaces may be used to melt and refine metal before casting.
***Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders*** set up or operate milling or planing machines to shape, groove, or profile metal or plastic workpieces.
***Model makers*** set up and operate machines, such as milling and engraving machines, to make working models of metal or plastic objects. They may also use 3D printing technology.
***Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders*** set up or operate metal or plastic molding, casting, or coremaking machines to mold or cast metal or thermoplastic parts or products.
***Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders*** set up or operate two or more types of cutting or forming machine tool or robot.
***Patternmakers*** lay out, machine, fit, and assemble castings and parts to metal or plastic foundry patterns and core molds.
***Plating machine setters, operators, and tenders*** set up or operate plating machines and perform chemical checks for coating metal or plastic products with zinc, copper, nickel, or some other metal to protect or decorate surfaces.
***Pourers and casters*** operate computer- or hand-controlled machines to pour and regulate the flow of molten metal into molds to produce castings or ingots.
***Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders*** set up or operate machines to roll steel or plastic or to flatten, temper, or reduce the thickness of materials.
***Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders*** (including workers who operate laser cutters or laser-beam machines) set up or operate welding, soldering, or brazing machines or robots that weld, braze, solder, or heat treat metal products, components, or assemblies.
 Work Environment
			Metal and plastic machine workersMetal and plastic machine workers usually wear protective equipment, such as safety glasses.			

	    
				
	
	    	    		Metal and plastic machine workers held about 1.0 million jobs in 2022. Employment in the detailed occupations that make up metal and plastic machine workers was distributed as follows:
    	    	
    	Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
                184,800Computer numerically controlled tool operators
                181,800Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
                167,900Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
                139,900Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
                75,000Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
                64,300Plating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
                32,900Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders
                32,900Computer numerically controlled tool programmers
                28,500Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
                28,200Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders
                19,700Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
                19,700Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
                16,000Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
                15,700Foundry mold and coremakers
                11,500Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
                10,900Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
                6,600Pourers and casters, metal
                6,200Model makers, metal and plastic
                3,400Patternmakers, metal and plastic
                2,300The largest employers of metal and plastic machine workers were as follows:
        Fabricated metal product manufacturing
                25%Plastics and rubber products manufacturing
                16Transportation equipment manufacturing
                13Primary metal manufacturing
                11Machinery manufacturing
                11Injuries and Illnesses
These workers often operate powerful, high-speed machines that can be dangerous and must observe safety rules. Operators usually wear protective equipment, such as safety glasses, earplugs, and steel-toed boots, to guard against flying particles of metal or plastic, machine noise, and heavy objects, respectively.
Other required safety equipment varies by work setting and machine. For example, respirators are common for those in the plastics industry who work near materials that emit dangerous fumes or dust.
Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders have one of the highest rates of injuries and illnesses of all occupations.
Work Schedules
Most metal and plastic machine workers are employed full time. Some work more than 40 hours per week. Because many manufacturers run their machinery for extended periods, evening and weekend work is also common.
 How to Become a Metal or Plastic Machine Worker

			Metal and plastic machine workersMetal and plastic machine workers must be able to stand for long periods and perform repetitive work.			
Metal and plastic workers typically need a high school diploma to enter the occupation and receive 1 year of on-the-job training. Computer numerically controlled (CNC) tool programmers typically need postsecondary education.
Education
Although metal and plastic machine workers typically need a high school diploma, CNC tool programmers usually need coursework beyond high school. Some community colleges and other schools offer courses and certificate programs in operating metal and plastics machines including CNC programming.
For metal and plastic machine workers, high school classes in computer programming, math, and vocational technology may be useful.
Training
Machine operator trainees usually begin by watching and helping experienced workers on the job. Under supervision, they may supply materials, start and stop the machines, or remove finished products. Then, they advance to operators’ more difficult tasks, such as adjusting feeds and speeds, replacing tools, and measuring finished products for conformance. Eventually, some operators develop the skills and experience to set up machines.
The complexity of the equipment usually determines the time required to become an operator. Some operators and tenders are trained on basic machine operations and functions in a few months. Others, such as CNC tool operators, may need training for up to 1 year.
Because of the prevalence of computerized machines in manufacturing, training on computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), and CNC equipment may be helpful.
Licenses, Certifications, and Registrations
Certification can show competence and can be helpful for advancement. The National Institute for Metalworking Skills  (NIMS) offers certification in numerous metalworking specializations.
Advancement
With skill and experience, workers may advance to positions that offer higher pay and more responsibility. It is common for machine operators to move into setup or machinery maintenance positions. Setup workers may become industrial machinery mechanics and maintenance workers, machinists, or tool and die makers.
Experienced workers with good communication and analytical skills may advance to supervisory positions.
Important Qualities
***Computer skills.*** Metal and plastic machine workers must be able to use programmable devices, computers, and robots on the factory floor.
***Mechanical skills.*** These workers must be comfortable with machines and have a good understanding of how all the parts work.
***Physical stamina.*** Metal and plastic machine workers must be able to stand for long periods and do repetitive tasks.
***Physical strength.*** Metal and plastic machine workers must be able to secure and tighten heavy fixtures into place.
 Pay

			



	
 
                                                     
            
    
                Metal and Plastic Machine WorkersMedian annual wages, May 2023Total, all occupations$48,060  Metal and plastic machine workers$44,880  Production occupations$43,630Note: All Occupations includes all occupations in the U.S. Economy.Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics
 

	
	



		
	
	
	
The median annual wage for metal and plastic machine workers was $44,880 in May 2023. 


The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $32,800, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $63,270.

			
                    	Median annual wages for metal and plastic machine workers in May 2023 were as follows:
        Model makers, metal and plastic
		$64,190Computer numerically controlled tool programmers
		63,440Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders
		50,250Patternmakers, metal and plastic
		49,670Pourers and casters, metal
		48,690Computer numerically controlled tool operators
		48,550Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
		47,200Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
		47,110Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
		47,040Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
		46,990Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders
		45,350Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
		44,620Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
		44,390Foundry mold and coremakers
		44,300Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
		44,240Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
		42,610Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
		42,400Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
		41,600Plating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
		39,740Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
		38,870In May 2023, the median annual wages for metal and plastic machine workers in the top industries in which they worked were as follows:	
        Machinery manufacturing
                $48,180Primary metal manufacturing
                47,020Transportation equipment manufacturing
                46,660Fabricated metal product manufacturing
                45,420Plastics and rubber products manufacturing
                39,150Most metal and plastic machine workers are employed full time. Some work more than 40 hours per week. Because many manufacturers run their machinery for extended periods, evening and weekend work also is common.
 Job Outlook

   
        
    
          
        
    
                Metal and Plastic Machine WorkersPercent change in employment, projected 2022-32Total, all occupations3%  Production occupations-3%  Metal and plastic machine workers-6%Note: All Occupations includes all occupations in the U.S. Economy.Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections program
            
            
			 
	
	
	

			Overall employment				of metal and plastic machine workers is projected to decline				 6 percent from 2022 to 2032.
			
			Despite declining  employment, about 90,800 openings for metal and plastic machine workers are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
			
			 All of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to other occupations or exit the labor force, such as to retire.
			Employment
	
			
Projected employment of metal and plastic machine workers varies by occupation (see table).
One of the most important factors influencing employment of these workers is the use of laborsaving machinery. Many firms are continuing to expand the use of technologies, such as computer numerically controlled (CNC) tools and robots, to improve quality and lower production costs. The use of CNC equipment requires CNC tool programmers instead of machine setters, operators, and tenders. Therefore, demand for most manual tool operators and tenders is likely to be reduced, while demand for CNC tool programmers is expected to be strong.
Additionally, the use of software to create digital and 3D-print prototypes may reduce the need for some of these workers, including patternmakers and model makers.
Employment of metal and plastic machine workers also is affected by the demand for the parts they produce. Both plastic and metal manufacturing industries face foreign competition that limits the orders for parts produced in this country. Changes in the cost of operations in the United States and abroad may encourage some manufacturers to bring back production that was previously sent offshore. However, new facilities in the United States will likely incorporate more automation technologies, requiring less labor overall.
			

                        Employment projections data for     metal and plastic machine workers, 2022-32
                Occupational Title
                        SOC Code
                        Employment, 2022
                        Projected Employment, 2032
                        Change, 2022-32
                        Employment by IndustryPercent
                        NumericSOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections program**Metal and plastic machine workers**
			—
			1,048,200
			981,000
			-6
			-67,200
			—**Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic**
			51-4021
			64,300
			63,100
			-2
			-1,200
			Get data**Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic**
			51-4022
			10,900
			9,300
			-15
			-1,600
			Get data**Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic**
			51-4023
			28,200
			25,100
			-11
			-3,100
			Get data**Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic**
			51-4031
			184,800
			164,700
			-11
			-20,100
			Get data**Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic**
			51-4032
			6,600
			5,400
			-18
			-1,200
			Get data**Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic**
			51-4033
			75,000
			67,900
			-9
			-7,100
			Get data**Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic**
			51-4034
			19,700
			17,800
			-9
			-1,900
			Get data**Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic**
			51-4035
			15,700
			13,500
			-14
			-2,200
			Get data**Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders**
			51-4051
			19,700
			18,100
			-8
			-1,600
			Get data**Pourers and casters, metal**
			51-4052
			6,200
			5,600
			-9
			-600
			Get data**Model makers, metal and plastic**
			51-4061
			3,400
			2,800
			-19
			-600
			Get data**Patternmakers, metal and plastic**
			51-4062
			2,300
			1,800
			-22
			-500
			Get data**Foundry mold and coremakers**
			51-4071
			11,500
			8,800
			-24
			-2,700
			Get data**Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic**
			51-4072
			167,900
			161,700
			-4
			-6,200
			Get data**Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic**
			51-4081
			139,900
			140,700
			1
			800
			Get data**Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders**
			51-4122
			32,900
			30,100
			-8
			-2,800
			Get data**Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic**
			51-4191
			16,000
			14,600
			-9
			-1,500
			Get data**Plating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic**
			51-4193
			32,900
			29,800
			-9
			-3,100
			Get data**Computer numerically controlled tool operators**
			51-9161
			181,800
			167,200
			-8
			-14,600
			Get data**Computer numerically controlled tool programmers**
			51-9162
			28,500
			33,000
			16
			4,600
			Get data
 State & Area Data **Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS)** The Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) program produces employment and wage estimates annually for over 800 occupations. These estimates are available for the nation as a whole, for individual states, and for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. The link(s) below go to OES data maps for employment and wages by state and area. Computer numerically controlled tool operators
					Computer numerically controlled tool programmers
					Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
					Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
					Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
					Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
					Foundry mold and coremakers
					Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
					Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
					Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
					Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders
					Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
					Model makers, metal and plastic
					Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
					Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
					Patternmakers, metal and plastic
					Plating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
					Pourers and casters, metal
					Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
					Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders **Projections Central** Occupational employment projections are developed for all states by Labor Market Information (LMI) or individual state Employment Projections offices. All state projections data are available at www.projectionscentral.com. Information on this site allows projected employment growth for an occupation to be compared among states or to be compared within one state. In addition, states may produce projections for areas; there are links to each state’s websites where these data may be retrieved. **CareerOneStop** CareerOneStop includes hundreds of occupational profiles with data available by state and metro area. There are links in the left-hand side menu to compare occupational employment by state and occupational wages by local area or metro area. There is also a salary info tool to search for wages by zip code.
 Similar Occupations This table shows a list of occupations with job duties that are similar to those of metal and plastic machine workers. Occupation
                Job Duties
                ENTRY-LEVEL EDUCATION
                2023     MEDIAN PAY**Assemblers and Fabricators**
            Assemblers and fabricators build finished products and the parts that go into them.
            High school diploma or equivalent
            $39,720**Computer Programmers**
            Computer programmers write, modify, and test code and scripts that allow computer software and applications to function properly.
            Bachelor's degree
            $99,700**Industrial Machinery Mechanics, Machinery Maintenance Workers, and Millwrights**
            Industrial machinery mechanics, machinery maintenance workers, and millwrights install, maintain, and repair factory equipment and other industrial machinery.
            High school diploma or equivalent
            $61,170**Machinists and Tool and Die Makers**
            Machinists and tool and die makers set up and operate equipment to produce precision metal parts, instruments, and tools.
            See How to Become One
            $53,180**Painting and Coating Workers**
            Painting and coating workers apply finishes, often using machines, to a range of products.
            See How to Become One
            $45,340
 Contacts for More Information
								
For more information about metal and plastic machine workers, including training and certification, visit
Fabricators & Manufacturers Association, International (FMA)
National Institute for Metalworking Skills (NIMS)
For information about manufacturing careers, machinery, and equipment, visit
Association for Manufacturing Technology (AMT)
National Tooling and Machining Association (NTMA)
Precision Machined Products Association (PMPA)
Precision Metalforming Association (PMA)
Occupational Requirements Survey
For a profile highlighting selected BLS data on occupational requirements, see
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders (PDF)

                                                
                                                        
                                                                                                    O*NET
                                        Computer Numerically Controlled Tool OperatorsComputer Numerically Controlled Tool ProgrammersCutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and PlasticDrilling and Boring Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and PlasticExtruding and Drawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and PlasticForging Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and PlasticFoundry Mold and CoremakersGrinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and PlasticHeat Treating Equipment Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and PlasticLathe and Turning Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and PlasticMetal-Refining Furnace Operators and TendersMilling and Planing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and PlasticModel Makers, Metal and PlasticMolding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and PlasticMultiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and PlasticPatternmakers, Metal and PlasticPlating Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and PlasticPourers and Casters, MetalRolling Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and PlasticWelding, Soldering, and Brazing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
 Suggested citation: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S.  Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, Metal and Plastic Machine Workers, 
        	 at https://www.bls.gov/ooh/production/metal-and-plastic-machine-workers.htm (visited *May 21, 2024*).
 **Last Modified Date:**
                        Friday, April 19, 2024


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