Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-18-0335 

8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, March 9, 2018

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — FEBRUARY 2018

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 313,000 in February, and the unemployment rate

was unchanged at 4.1 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment rose in 

construction, retail trade, professional and business services, manufacturing, financial activities, and 

mining.

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, 

seasonally adjusted, February 2016 – February 2018

Percent Thousands

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

Feb-16 May-16 Aug-16 Nov-16 Feb-17 May-17 Aug-17 Nov-17 Feb-18

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

February 2016 – February 2018

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Feb-16 May-16 Aug-16 Nov-16 Feb-17 May-17 Aug-17 Nov-17 Feb-18

Household Survey Data

In February, the unemployment rate was 4.1 percent for the fifth consecutive month, and the number of 

unemployed persons was essentially unchanged at 6.7 million. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Blacks declined to 6.9 percent in 

February, while the jobless rates for adult men (3.7 percent), adult women (3.8 percent), teenagers (14.4 

percent), Whites (3.7 percent), Asians (2.9 percent), and Hispanics (4.9 percent) showed little change. 

(See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 
 

- 2 - 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially unchanged 

at 1.4 million in February and accounted for 20.7 percent of the unemployed. Over the year, the number 

of long-term unemployed was down by 369,000. (See table A-12.)

The civilian labor force rose by 806,000 in February. The labor force participation rate increased by 

0.3 percentage point over the month to 63.0 percent but changed little over the year. (See table A-1.) 

In February, total employment, as measured by the household survey, rose by 785,000. The 

employment-population ratio increased by 0.3 percentage point to 60.4 percent in February, following 

4 months of little change. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) was little changed at 5.2 million in February. These individuals, who 

would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been cut or 

because they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

In February, 1.6 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little different from a 

year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted 

and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 373,000 discouraged workers in February, down by 

149,000 from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not 

currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.2 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in February had not searched for work for reasons 

such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 313,000 in February. Job gains occurred in construction, 

retail trade, professional and business services, manufacturing, financial activities, and mining. (See 

table B-1.) 

In February, construction employment increased by 61,000, with gains in specialty trade contractors 

(+38,000) and construction of buildings (+16,000). Construction has added 185,000 jobs over the past 4 

months. 

Retail trade employment increased by 50,000 over the month. Within the industry, employment rose in 

general merchandise stores (+18,000) and in clothing and clothing accessories stores (+15,000). 

However, over the past 4 months, which traditionally see the bulk of the holiday hiring and layoff, 

employment in these industries has changed little on net. Elsewhere in retail trade, building material and 

garden supply stores added jobs over the month (+10,000). 

Employment in professional and business services increased by 50,000 in February and has risen by 

495,000 over the year. Employment in temporary help services edged up over the month (+27,000). 
 

- 3 - 

Manufacturing added 31,000 jobs in February. Within the industry, employment rose in transportation 

equipment (+8,000), fabricated metal products (+6,000), machinery (+6,000), and primary metals 

(+4,000). Over the past year, manufacturing has added 224,000 jobs. 

Financial activities added 28,000 jobs over the month, with gains in credit intermediation and related 

activities (+8,000); insurance carriers and related activities (+8,000); and securities, commodity 

contracts, and investments (+5,000). Over the year, financial activities has added 143,000 jobs. 

Employment in mining rose by 9,000 in February, with most of the increase in support activities for 

mining (+7,000). Since a recent low in October 2016, mining has added 69,000 jobs. 

Employment in health care continued to trend up in February (+19,000), with a gain of 9,000 in 

hospitals. Health care has added 290,000 jobs over the past year. 

Employment in other major industries, including wholesale trade, transportation and warehousing, 

information, leisure and hospitality, and government, showed little change over the month. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 0.1 hour to 34.5 hours in 

February. In manufacturing, the workweek increased by 0.2 hour to 41.0 hours, while overtime edged up 

by 0.1 hour to 3.6 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 

private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.2 hour to 33.8 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In February, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 4 cents to 

$26.75, following a 7-cent gain in January. Over the year, average hourly earnings have increased by 68 

cents, or 2.6 percent. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory 

employees increased by 6 cents to $22.40 in February. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for December was revised up from +160,000 to 

+175,000, and the change for January was revised up from +200,000 to +239,000. With these revisions, 

employment gains in December and January combined were 54,000 more than previously reported. 

(Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies 

since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) After revisions, job 

gains have averaged 242,000 over the last 3 months. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for March is scheduled to be released on Friday, April 6, 2018, at 8:30 

a.m. (EDT).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category Feb.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Change from:

Jan. 2018-

Feb. 2018

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 254,246 256,109 256,780 256,934 154

Civilian labor force........................................................... 159,997 160,597 161,115 161,921 806

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.9 62.7 62.7 63.0 0.3

Employed................................................................... 152,511 154,021 154,430 155,215 785

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 60.0 60.1 60.1 60.4 0.3

Unemployed............................................................... 7,486 6,576 6,684 6,706 22

Unemployment rate.................................................... 4.7 4.1 4.1 4.1 0.0

Not in labor force............................................................ 94,248 95,512 95,665 95,012 -653

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 4.7 4.1 4.1 4.1 0.0

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 4.3 3.8 3.9 3.7 -0.2

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 4.3 3.7 3.6 3.8 0.2

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 14.9 13.6 13.9 14.4 0.5

White.......................................................................... 4.1 3.7 3.5 3.7 0.2

Black or African American.................................................. 8.1 6.8 7.7 6.9 -0.8

Asian.......................................................................... 3.5 2.5 3.0 2.9 -0.1

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 5.6 4.9 5.0 4.9 -0.1

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 3.9 3.4 3.4 3.4 0.0

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 7.6 6.3 5.4 5.7 0.3

High school graduates, no college........................................ 4.9 4.2 4.5 4.4 -0.1

Some college or associate degree........................................ 4.0 3.6 3.4 3.5 0.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.3 0.2

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 3,699 3,254 3,273 3,279 6

Job leavers...................................................................... 812 715 716 780 64

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,196 2,003 1,958 1,948 -10

New entrants.................................................................... 765 581 645 704 59

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,572 2,235 2,280 2,508 228

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 2,129 1,994 1,943 1,906 -37

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,047 882 981 934 -47

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,766 1,515 1,421 1,397 -24

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 5,670 4,915 4,989 5,160 171

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 3,589 3,097 3,009 3,302 293

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,850 1,570 1,663 1,541 -122

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 20,772 21,122 20,867 21,061 194

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,723 1,623 1,653 1,602 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 522 474 451 373 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category Feb.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Feb.

2018p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 175 239 313

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 174 238 287

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 82 72 100

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1 7 8

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 42 40 61

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 39 25 31

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 29 22 32

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3.5 2.5 1.0 6.2

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 10 3 -1

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 92 166 187

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 8.6 8.5 5.8

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -21.6 -25.9 14.8 50.3

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.3 8.7 11.8 15.4

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.7 -0.2 -1.9 1.2

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 -4 -16 -12

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8 8 28

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 31 33 50

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.6 -1.0 -2.9 26.5

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 30 63 23

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.7 30.9 31.8 29.1

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 31 39 16

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5 5 10

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4 1 1 26

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 221 210 242

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 223 210 233

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.6 49.5 49.6 49.6

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.2 48.1 48.1 48.1

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.4 82.4 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.5 34.4 34.5

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $26.07 $26.64 $26.71 $26.75

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $896.81 $919.08 $918.82 $922.88

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.7 108.5 108.4 109.0

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 -0.1 0.6

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.0 138.2 138.4 139.3

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.7

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.4 65.5 58.9 68.6

Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.1 68.4 59.2 69.1

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 149,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 651,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted 

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced 

for the private sector for all employees and for production 

and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, 

construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory 

employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -65,000 to +165,000 

(50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254,246 256,780 256,934 254,246 255,766 255,949 256,109 256,780 256,934

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159,482 160,037 161,494 159,997 160,371 160,533 160,597 161,115 161,921

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 62.3 62.9 62.9 62.7 62.7 62.7 62.7 63.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,594 152,848 154,403 152,511 153,846 153,917 154,021 154,430 155,215

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.6 59.5 60.1 60.0 60.2 60.1 60.1 60.1 60.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,887 7,189 7,091 7,486 6,524 6,616 6,576 6,684 6,706

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.5 4.4 4.7 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,764 96,743 95,439 94,248 95,395 95,416 95,512 95,665 95,012

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,641 5,364 5,152 5,577 5,232 5,265 5,308 5,171 5,131

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,862 124,173 124,250 122,862 123,617 123,707 123,786 124,173 124,250

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,589 85,125 85,806 85,093 85,247 85,221 85,354 85,931 86,267

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.8 68.6 69.1 69.3 69.0 68.9 69.0 69.2 69.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,126 81,046 81,829 81,070 81,667 81,666 81,821 82,274 82,685

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.2 65.3 65.9 66.0 66.1 66.0 66.1 66.3 66.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,463 4,079 3,977 4,023 3,580 3,555 3,533 3,658 3,582

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,273 39,048 38,444 37,769 38,370 38,486 38,432 38,242 37,983

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,375 115,669 115,748 114,375 115,120 115,212 115,292 115,669 115,748

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,782 82,431 83,053 82,054 82,366 82,375 82,548 82,928 83,309

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.5 71.3 71.8 71.7 71.5 71.5 71.6 71.7 72.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,781 78,761 79,552 78,515 79,248 79,324 79,431 79,705 80,213

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.0 68.1 68.7 68.6 68.8 68.9 68.9 68.9 69.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,002 3,670 3,501 3,539 3,118 3,050 3,117 3,223 3,096

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.5 4.2 4.3 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,592 33,238 32,695 32,321 32,755 32,837 32,745 32,741 32,440

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,384 132,607 132,684 131,384 132,149 132,242 132,323 132,607 132,684

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,893 74,912 75,688 74,904 75,124 75,312 75,243 75,183 75,654

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.0 56.5 57.0 57.0 56.8 57.0 56.9 56.7 57.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,469 71,802 72,574 71,441 72,179 72,251 72,200 72,157 72,530

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.4 54.1 54.7 54.4 54.6 54.6 54.6 54.4 54.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,424 3,110 3,114 3,464 2,945 3,061 3,043 3,027 3,124

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.2 4.1 4.6 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,491 57,695 56,996 56,480 57,026 56,930 57,080 57,423 57,030

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,131 124,328 124,407 123,131 123,882 123,975 124,057 124,328 124,407

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,230 72,095 72,791 72,050 72,187 72,302 72,293 72,210 72,565

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.7 58.0 58.5 58.5 58.3 58.3 58.3 58.1 58.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,157 69,378 70,029 68,978 69,576 69,665 69,614 69,583 69,828

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.2 55.8 56.3 56.0 56.2 56.2 56.1 56.0 56.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,072 2,717 2,762 3,072 2,611 2,637 2,679 2,627 2,737

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 3.8 3.8 4.3 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,901 52,234 51,616 51,081 51,696 51,673 51,764 52,118 51,842

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,740 16,783 16,778 16,740 16,763 16,762 16,760 16,783 16,778

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,470 5,511 5,650 5,894 5,818 5,857 5,757 5,977 6,048

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.7 32.8 33.7 35.2 34.7 34.9 34.4 35.6 36.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,657 4,709 4,822 5,018 5,022 4,928 4,977 5,143 5,174

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.8 28.1 28.7 30.0 30.0 29.4 29.7 30.6 30.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813 802 828 876 796 929 780 834 874

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.9 14.6 14.7 14.9 13.7 15.9 13.6 13.9 14.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,271 11,271 11,128 10,847 10,945 10,906 11,003 10,806 10,731

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198,525 199,738 199,799 198,525 199,298 199,386 199,458 199,738 199,799

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,419 124,547 125,658 124,789 124,757 125,110 125,200 125,334 125,930

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 62.4 62.9 62.9 62.6 62.7 62.8 62.7 63.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,991 119,640 120,646 119,724 120,400 120,514 120,551 120,886 121,274

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.9 59.9 60.4 60.3 60.4 60.4 60.4 60.5 60.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,428 4,907 5,012 5,066 4,356 4,596 4,649 4,447 4,656

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 3.9 4.0 4.1 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,106 75,191 74,141 73,735 74,541 74,276 74,258 74,405 73,869

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,089 65,344 65,802 65,290 65,244 65,394 65,511 65,732 65,948

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.7 71.5 72.0 72.0 71.6 71.7 71.8 71.9 72.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,255 62,743 63,185 62,828 63,155 63,282 63,307 63,510 63,683

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 68.6 69.1 69.2 69.3 69.4 69.4 69.5 69.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,833 2,601 2,617 2,462 2,090 2,112 2,204 2,222 2,265

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,179 54,873 55,465 54,990 55,014 55,147 55,161 54,896 55,243

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.8 57.2 57.8 57.6 57.4 57.5 57.5 57.2 57.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,138 53,129 53,640 52,973 53,298 53,342 53,275 53,255 53,448

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.7 55.3 55.9 55.5 55.6 55.6 55.5 55.5 55.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,040 1,744 1,825 2,017 1,715 1,805 1,886 1,641 1,795

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 3.2 3.3 3.7 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.0 3.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,151 4,330 4,392 4,510 4,499 4,569 4,528 4,705 4,738

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.6 35.1 35.6 36.6 36.5 37.0 36.7 38.1 38.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,597 3,768 3,822 3,922 3,947 3,891 3,970 4,121 4,143

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.2 30.5 31.0 31.8 32.0 31.5 32.2 33.4 33.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554 562 570 588 552 678 559 584 595

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.4 13.0 13.0 13.0 12.3 14.8 12.3 12.4 12.6

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,095 32,575 32,607 32,095 32,370 32,404 32,436 32,575 32,607

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,858 20,109 20,360 19,989 20,134 20,175 20,153 20,211 20,495

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 61.7 62.4 62.3 62.2 62.3 62.1 62.0 62.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,215 18,507 18,928 18,376 18,654 18,718 18,790 18,663 19,087

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.8 56.8 58.1 57.3 57.6 57.8 57.9 57.3 58.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,642 1,602 1,432 1,613 1,479 1,457 1,362 1,548 1,408

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 8.0 7.0 8.1 7.3 7.2 6.8 7.7 6.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,238 12,466 12,246 12,106 12,236 12,230 12,283 12,364 12,112

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,001 9,196 9,339 9,082 9,218 9,225 9,178 9,254 9,438

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.2 67.5 68.5 67.8 68.2 68.1 67.7 67.9 69.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,232 8,457 8,744 8,374 8,539 8,552 8,576 8,564 8,880

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.5 62.1 64.1 62.6 63.1 63.1 63.2 62.9 65.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769 739 595 708 679 673 601 690 558

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 8.0 6.4 7.8 7.4 7.3 6.6 7.5 5.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,150 10,210 10,261 10,144 10,204 10,219 10,252 10,197 10,254

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 62.1 62.4 62.6 62.5 62.5 62.6 62.0 62.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,429 9,518 9,615 9,428 9,560 9,622 9,657 9,524 9,622

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.2 57.9 58.4 58.2 58.5 58.8 59.0 57.9 58.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721 692 646 716 644 597 595 673 632

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 6.8 6.3 7.1 6.3 5.8 5.8 6.6 6.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706 703 760 764 712 731 723 759 803

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.1 28.0 30.3 30.4 28.4 29.1 28.8 30.3 32.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554 532 569 575 555 544 557 575 584

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.0 21.2 22.7 22.9 22.1 21.7 22.2 22.9 23.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 171 191 189 157 187 166 185 219

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.6 24.3 25.2 24.8 22.0 25.5 22.9 24.3 27.2

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,228 15,731 15,792 15,228 15,466 15,370 15,610 15,731 15,792

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,731 9,855 9,934 9,709 9,864 9,699 9,782 9,885 9,908

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.9 62.6 62.9 63.8 63.8 63.1 62.7 62.8 62.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,387 9,548 9,635 9,373 9,565 9,407 9,536 9,584 9,617

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.6 60.7 61.0 61.6 61.8 61.2 61.1 60.9 60.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344 307 299 336 299 292 246 300 291

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.1 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.0 2.5 3.0 2.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,497 5,876 5,858 5,519 5,602 5,671 5,829 5,846 5,884

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

Feb.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 41,003 42,249 42,335 41,003 41,665 41,751 41,831 42,249 42,335

Civilian labor force................................ 27,153 27,713 27,957 27,266 27,319 27,389 27,498 27,826 28,021

Participation rate............................... 66.2 65.6 66.0 66.5 65.6 65.6 65.7 65.9 66.2

Employed....................................... 25,527 26,114 26,469 25,753 25,999 26,088 26,141 26,432 26,646

Employment-population ratio............... 62.3 61.8 62.5 62.8 62.4 62.5 62.5 62.6 62.9

Unemployed.................................... 1,626 1,599 1,488 1,514 1,321 1,301 1,356 1,393 1,375

Unemployment rate......................... 6.0 5.8 5.3 5.6 4.8 4.8 4.9 5.0 4.9

Not in labor force................................. 13,850 14,536 14,378 13,737 14,346 14,361 14,334 14,423 14,315

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 14,879 15,281 15,280 14,937 14,959 14,969 15,084 15,320 15,319

Participation rate............................... 80.6 80.2 80.0 80.9 79.7 79.6 80.1 80.4 80.2

Employed....................................... 14,081 14,448 14,567 14,257 14,380 14,400 14,507 14,659 14,723

Employment-population ratio............... 76.3 75.8 76.3 77.2 76.7 76.6 77.0 76.9 77.1

Unemployed.................................... 798 833 713 680 579 569 577 661 595

Unemployment rate......................... 5.4 5.4 4.7 4.6 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.3 3.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 11,135 11,243 11,449 11,117 11,146 11,222 11,189 11,257 11,410

Participation rate............................... 59.5 58.3 59.3 59.4 58.5 58.8 58.5 58.4 59.1

Employed....................................... 10,501 10,683 10,840 10,495 10,601 10,676 10,598 10,737 10,815

Employment-population ratio............... 56.1 55.4 56.1 56.0 55.7 56.0 55.4 55.7 56.0

Unemployed.................................... 635 560 609 622 546 546 591 520 595

Unemployment rate......................... 5.7 5.0 5.3 5.6 4.9 4.9 5.3 4.6 5.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,139 1,189 1,228 1,213 1,214 1,198 1,225 1,249 1,292

Participation rate............................... 29.9 30.4 31.4 31.8 31.4 30.9 31.6 32.0 33.0

Employed....................................... 946 982 1,061 1,001 1,018 1,012 1,037 1,036 1,108

Employment-population ratio............... 24.8 25.1 27.1 26.2 26.3 26.2 26.8 26.5 28.3

Unemployed.................................... 193 207 167 211 196 185 188 213 184

Unemployment rate......................... 17.0 17.4 13.6 17.4 16.1 15.5 15.4 17.0 14.2

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 9,926 10,433 9,887 10,288 10,328 10,167 10,148 10,274 10,258

Participation rate.................................. 44.7 45.5 45.1 46.3 46.2 45.1 44.8 44.8 46.8

Employed.......................................... 9,030 9,695 9,190 9,501 9,699 9,639 9,507 9,715 9,673

Employment-population ratio................. 40.7 42.2 41.9 42.8 43.4 42.7 42.0 42.3 44.1

Unemployed....................................... 896 738 697 787 629 528 641 559 584

Unemployment rate............................ 9.0 7.1 7.0 7.6 6.1 5.2 6.3 5.4 5.7

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,768 35,395 35,992 35,892 35,572 36,014 35,927 35,735 36,092

Participation rate.................................. 57.8 57.0 57.4 58.0 56.9 57.5 57.8 57.5 57.5

Employed.......................................... 33,825 33,589 34,221 34,126 34,050 34,463 34,425 34,134 34,487

Employment-population ratio................. 54.6 54.0 54.6 55.1 54.4 55.1 55.4 54.9 55.0

Unemployed....................................... 1,943 1,806 1,771 1,767 1,522 1,551 1,503 1,601 1,604

Unemployment rate............................ 5.4 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.5 4.4

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,837 37,792 37,648 37,702 37,761 37,955 37,906 37,863 37,573

Participation rate.................................. 66.0 65.8 65.7 65.8 65.8 66.2 66.2 66.0 65.5

Employed.......................................... 36,193 36,411 36,212 36,190 36,385 36,579 36,534 36,566 36,248

Employment-population ratio................. 63.1 63.4 63.2 63.1 63.4 63.8 63.8 63.7 63.2

Unemployed....................................... 1,644 1,380 1,436 1,512 1,376 1,376 1,372 1,297 1,325

Unemployment rate............................ 4.3 3.7 3.8 4.0 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.5

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 55,254 55,885 57,260 54,870 55,612 55,501 55,852 55,922 56,669

Participation rate.................................. 74.1 73.3 74.4 73.6 73.8 73.6 73.5 73.4 73.7

Employed.......................................... 53,943 54,649 55,978 53,554 54,477 54,348 54,653 54,720 55,386

Employment-population ratio................. 72.3 71.7 72.8 71.8 72.3 72.1 71.9 71.8 72.0

Unemployed....................................... 1,311 1,235 1,281 1,316 1,135 1,153 1,200 1,202 1,283

Unemployment rate............................ 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.3

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2018

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,657 19,344 18,633 17,485 2,024 1,859

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,423 9,504 9,240 8,377 1,182 1,127

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.5 49.1 49.6 47.9 58.4 60.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,014 9,167 8,882 8,080 1,132 1,087

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.5 47.4 47.7 46.2 55.9 58.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 337 358 298 51 39

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.5 3.9 3.6 4.3 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,234 9,840 9,393 9,108 842 732

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,045 4,117 3,379 3,458 666 660

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,329 3,303 2,886 2,848 443 455

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.3 80.2 85.4 82.4 66.5 69.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,175 3,193 2,754 2,762 421 432

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.5 77.6 81.5 79.9 63.2 65.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 110 132 86 22 24

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 3.3 4.6 3.0 5.0 5.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716 815 493 610 223 204

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,340 3,058 2,787 2,536 553 521

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,660 2,458 2,264 2,058 396 399

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.6 80.4 81.2 81.1 71.6 76.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,577 2,380 2,197 1,987 380 393

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.2 77.8 78.8 78.3 68.7 75.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 78 67 72 16 6

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 3.2 2.9 3.5 4.0 1.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680 600 523 478 157 122

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,191 7,786 7,895 7,521 296 265

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,900 1,624 1,844 1,562 56 62

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 20.9 23.4 20.8 18.9 23.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,810 1,578 1,760 1,520 50 58

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.1 20.3 22.3 20.2 16.9 21.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 47 84 43 6 4

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 2.9 4.5 2.7 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,291 6,162 6,051 5,959 240 203

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,081 4,383 4,572 3,970 509 413

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,535 2,119 2,247 1,909 287 210

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.9 48.4 49.2 48.1 56.5 50.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,452 2,016 2,172 1,812 281 205

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.3 46.0 47.5 45.6 55.2 49.5

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 103 76 97 7 6

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 4.9 3.4 5.1 2.3 2.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,546 2,264 2,325 2,061 222 203

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224,576 228,565 99,751 102,212 124,825 126,354

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,151 149,978 74,411 76,510 72,740 73,468

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 65.6 74.6 74.9 58.3 58.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,004 143,542 70,474 73,001 69,530 70,541

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 62.8 70.6 71.4 55.7 55.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,147 6,436 3,937 3,509 3,210 2,928

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.3 5.3 4.6 4.4 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,425 78,587 25,340 25,702 52,085 52,885

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2018

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 30,113 29,751 224,133 227,183

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,134 6,161 153,348 155,333

Participation rate..................................................................... 20.4 20.7 68.4 68.4

Employed............................................................................. 5,508 5,629 146,087 148,775

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 18.3 18.9 65.2 65.5

Unemployed.......................................................................... 626 532 7,261 6,559

Unemployment rate............................................................... 10.2 8.6 4.7 4.2

Not in labor force....................................................................... 23,979 23,590 70,785 71,850

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,577 2,758 76,757 77,745

Participation rate..................................................................... 33.5 36.8 82.3 82.7

Employed............................................................................. 2,298 2,488 72,812 74,217

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 29.9 33.2 78.0 78.9

Unemployed.......................................................................... 280 269 3,945 3,528

Unemployment rate............................................................... 10.9 9.8 5.1 4.5

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,111 4,736 16,561 16,314

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,367 2,335 68,192 68,930

Participation rate..................................................................... 29.6 30.4 70.8 71.0

Employed............................................................................. 2,111 2,135 65,216 66,180

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 26.4 27.8 67.7 68.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 256 199 2,977 2,751

Unemployment rate............................................................... 10.8 8.5 4.4 4.0

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,634 5,336 28,135 28,118

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,189 1,069 8,399 8,658

Participation rate..................................................................... 8.2 7.3 24.4 24.0

Employed............................................................................. 1,099 1,005 8,059 8,378

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.6 6.9 23.4 23.2

Unemployed.......................................................................... 90 64 339 280

Unemployment rate............................................................... 7.6 6.0 4.0 3.2

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,234 13,518 26,088 27,418

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2018

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 41,137 42,955 19,938 20,880 21,199 22,075

Civilian labor force.................................................. 27,049 28,218 15,527 16,168 11,522 12,051

Participation rate.................................................. 65.8 65.7 77.9 77.4 54.4 54.6

Employed.......................................................... 25,701 27,094 14,795 15,582 10,907 11,511

Employment-population ratio................................. 62.5 63.1 74.2 74.6 51.4 52.1

Unemployed....................................................... 1,348 1,124 732 585 616 539

Unemployment rate............................................ 5.0 4.0 4.7 3.6 5.3 4.5

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,088 14,736 4,411 4,712 9,677 10,024

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 213,108 213,979 102,924 103,370 110,184 110,609

Civilian labor force.................................................. 132,432 133,276 69,062 69,639 63,370 63,637

Participation rate.................................................. 62.1 62.3 67.1 67.4 57.5 57.5

Employed.......................................................... 125,893 127,310 65,331 66,247 60,562 61,063

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.1 59.5 63.5 64.1 55.0 55.2

Unemployed....................................................... 6,539 5,966 3,731 3,392 2,808 2,574

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.9 4.5 5.4 4.9 4.4 4.0

Not in labor force.................................................... 80,676 80,703 33,862 33,731 46,814 46,972

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,262 2,297 2,280 2,448 2,471 2,510 2,552 2,513 2,474

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,424 1,538 1,487 1,604 1,707 1,697 1,717 1,712 1,679

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 820 732 758 828 749 791 793 781 768

Unpaid family workers........................... 18 27 36 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 149,332 150,551 152,123 150,049 151,334 151,453 151,478 151,894 152,713

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 140,572 141,666 143,213 141,326 142,294 142,472 142,505 142,828 143,656

Government..................................... 21,295 21,109 21,503 20,835 20,755 20,717 20,642 20,815 20,986

Private industries............................... 119,277 120,557 121,710 120,366 121,578 121,779 121,900 122,022 122,693

Private households.......................... 689 701 738 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 118,588 119,855 120,972 119,651 121,012 121,140 121,206 121,349 121,957

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,709 8,838 8,854 8,857 8,956 8,922 8,970 8,991 8,944

Unpaid family workers........................... 52 47 56 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,773 5,474 5,331 5,670 4,880 4,851 4,915 4,989 5,160

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,704 3,363 3,501 3,589 2,960 2,995 3,097 3,009 3,302

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,820 1,666 1,509 1,850 1,615 1,558 1,570 1,663 1,541

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,498 20,916 21,804 20,772 20,897 21,022 21,122 20,867 21,061

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 5,700 5,380 5,241 5,625 4,799 4,759 4,856 4,926 5,091

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,659 3,311 3,449 3,542 2,944 2,952 3,049 2,965 3,258

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,811 1,662 1,501 1,840 1,600 1,552 1,563 1,659 1,533

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 21,184 20,516 21,388 20,447 20,552 20,645 20,703 20,434 20,641

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,594 152,848 154,403 152,511 153,846 153,917 154,021 154,430 155,215

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,657 4,709 4,822 5,018 5,022 4,928 4,977 5,143 5,174

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,576 1,724 1,695 1,792 1,932 1,929 1,907 1,915 1,915

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,080 2,986 3,127 3,256 3,070 2,996 3,075 3,221 3,293

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,938 148,139 149,581 147,493 148,824 148,989 149,045 149,287 150,041

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,947 13,794 13,980 14,202 14,183 13,982 13,936 14,153 14,213

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,991 134,345 135,602 133,309 134,716 135,009 135,083 135,129 135,856

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,070 99,157 99,847 98,383 99,227 99,407 99,535 99,674 100,120

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,216 34,559 34,959 34,254 34,666 34,692 34,606 34,768 34,975

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,448 32,231 32,328 31,631 32,094 32,146 32,304 32,380 32,503

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,406 32,367 32,560 32,498 32,468 32,568 32,625 32,526 32,642

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,920 35,188 35,755 34,926 35,489 35,602 35,548 35,455 35,735

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,126 81,046 81,829 81,070 81,667 81,666 81,821 82,274 82,685

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,345 2,286 2,277 2,555 2,419 2,342 2,391 2,569 2,472

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 770 817 748 901 884 884 848 920 872

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,576 1,469 1,529 1,676 1,528 1,443 1,540 1,638 1,617

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,781 78,761 79,552 78,515 79,248 79,324 79,431 79,705 80,213

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,045 7,079 7,213 7,240 7,280 7,210 7,203 7,339 7,392

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,736 71,682 72,339 71,261 72,016 72,102 72,226 72,388 72,822

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,241 52,996 53,400 52,647 53,082 53,084 53,308 53,441 53,764

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,262 18,630 18,824 18,392 18,617 18,617 18,612 18,773 18,925

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,906 17,277 17,424 17,081 17,320 17,300 17,450 17,447 17,592

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,073 17,089 17,152 17,175 17,145 17,167 17,246 17,221 17,247

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,495 18,686 18,939 18,614 18,934 19,018 18,918 18,947 19,058

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,469 71,802 72,574 71,441 72,179 72,251 72,200 72,157 72,530

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,311 2,424 2,545 2,463 2,603 2,586 2,586 2,574 2,702

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807 907 946 892 1,048 1,044 1,059 995 1,044

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,505 1,517 1,599 1,581 1,541 1,552 1,535 1,583 1,676

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,157 69,378 70,029 68,978 69,576 69,665 69,614 69,583 69,828

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,903 6,715 6,767 6,962 6,903 6,772 6,733 6,814 6,821

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,255 62,663 63,262 62,048 62,700 62,906 62,857 62,742 63,033

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,829 46,161 46,447 45,736 46,146 46,322 46,227 46,233 46,356

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,954 15,929 16,135 15,862 16,049 16,074 15,994 15,995 16,050

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,542 14,954 14,904 14,550 14,774 14,846 14,853 14,933 14,911

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,333 15,278 15,408 15,323 15,323 15,402 15,380 15,305 15,395

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,426 16,502 16,816 16,312 16,555 16,584 16,630 16,508 16,677

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,729 45,442 45,635 46,029 45,776 45,621 45,439 45,714 45,863

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,891 35,624 35,786 35,683 35,853 35,844 35,813 35,768 35,632

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,685 9,652 9,624 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,610 125,435 126,401 125,071 126,636 126,758 126,723 127,016 127,745

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,985 27,413 28,003 27,570 27,142 27,138 27,257 27,271 27,548

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,980 7,751 8,103 7,801 7,209 7,342 7,647 7,845 7,864

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 5.1 5.2 5.1 4.7 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.1

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,681 5,958 5,767 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,529 9,570 9,611 9,685 9,705 9,713 9,763 9,773 9,713

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Feb.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 7,486 6,684 6,706 4.7 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1

16 to 19 years..................................... 876 834 874 14.9 13.7 15.9 13.6 13.9 14.4

16 to 17 years.................................. 375 337 351 17.3 15.0 19.1 15.2 15.0 15.5

18 to 19 years.................................. 505 495 524 13.4 13.2 14.4 13.2 13.3 13.7

20 years and over................................ 6,611 5,851 5,833 4.3 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,217 1,123 1,042 7.9 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.4 6.8

25 years and over.............................. 5,381 4,704 4,787 3.9 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4

25 to 54 years............................... 4,165 3,611 3,617 4.1 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5

25 to 34 years............................. 1,724 1,576 1,596 4.8 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.3 4.4

35 to 44 years............................. 1,346 1,034 1,037 4.1 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.1

45 to 54 years............................. 1,095 1,001 984 3.3 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.0 2.9

55 years and over........................... 1,230 1,103 1,193 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.2

Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,023 3,658 3,582 4.7 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.2

16 to 19 years..................................... 484 434 486 15.9 16.0 17.7 14.8 14.5 16.4

16 to 17 years.................................. 183 137 180 16.9 17.4 20.7 15.7 13.0 17.1

18 to 19 years.................................. 305 286 309 15.4 15.7 16.6 15.0 14.9 16.1

20 years and over................................ 3,539 3,223 3,096 4.3 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.7

20 to 24 years.................................. 739 651 605 9.3 8.0 8.4 7.9 8.2 7.6

25 years and over.............................. 2,789 2,561 2,488 3.8 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.3

25 to 54 years............................... 2,152 1,905 1,800 3.9 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.2

25 to 34 years............................. 953 796 799 4.9 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.1

35 to 44 years............................. 661 552 495 3.7 2.8 2.7 2.6 3.1 2.7

45 to 54 years............................. 537 557 505 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.8 3.1 2.8

55 years and over........................... 637 656 688 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.5

Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,464 3,027 3,124 4.6 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1

16 to 19 years..................................... 392 399 387 13.7 11.4 14.1 12.3 13.4 12.5

16 to 17 years.................................. 192 199 170 17.7 12.8 17.7 14.7 16.7 14.0

18 to 19 years.................................. 200 209 215 11.3 10.6 12.4 11.3 11.7 11.4

20 years and over................................ 3,072 2,627 2,737 4.3 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.8

20 to 24 years.................................. 479 472 437 6.4 6.3 5.8 6.2 6.5 6.0

25 years and over.............................. 2,592 2,143 2,300 4.0 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.5

25 to 54 years............................... 2,013 1,706 1,817 4.2 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.8

25 to 34 years............................. 771 781 797 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.7

35 to 44 years............................. 685 482 542 4.5 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.5

45 to 54 years............................. 558 444 478 3.5 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.8 3.0

55 years and over........................... 582 421 488 3.4 2.9 2.8 3.2 2.5 2.8

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 1,230 1,080 992 2.6 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.1

Married women, spouse present1................. 1,110 877 973 3.0 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.7

Women who maintain families2.................... 671 666 637 6.5 5.6 5.5 5.3 6.5 6.2

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 6,014 5,347 5,395 4.6 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,443 1,340 1,293 5.0 4.5 5.0 4.5 4.7 4.5

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 4,184 3,891 3,716 3,699 3,214 3,149 3,254 3,273 3,279

On temporary layoff.............................. 1,307 1,333 1,172 962 862 950 915 912 878

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,877 2,558 2,544 2,738 2,352 2,200 2,339 2,361 2,401

Permanent job losers.......................... 2,118 1,756 1,799 2,038 1,688 1,539 1,636 1,652 1,709

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 759 802 745 700 664 661 703 709 692

Job leavers........................................... 803 715 774 812 731 739 715 716 780

Reentrants............................................ 2,220 2,013 1,962 2,196 2,001 2,025 2,003 1,958 1,948

New entrants......................................... 681 571 639 765 626 697 581 645 704

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 53.0 54.1 52.4 49.5 48.9 47.6 49.7 49.6 48.9

On temporary layoff.............................. 16.6 18.5 16.5 12.9 13.1 14.4 14.0 13.8 13.1

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 36.5 35.6 35.9 36.6 35.8 33.3 35.7 35.8 35.8

Job leavers........................................... 10.2 9.9 10.9 10.9 11.1 11.2 10.9 10.9 11.6

Reentrants............................................ 28.1 28.0 27.7 29.4 30.5 30.6 30.6 29.7 29.0

New entrants......................................... 8.6 7.9 9.0 10.2 9.5 10.5 8.9 9.8 10.5

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2

New entrants......................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,327 2,655 2,307 2,572 2,128 2,253 2,235 2,280 2,508

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 2,522 2,064 2,253 2,129 1,943 1,894 1,994 1,943 1,906

15 weeks and over.................................. 3,038 2,470 2,532 2,813 2,500 2,514 2,397 2,402 2,330

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,160 972 1,024 1,047 856 921 882 981 934

27 weeks and over............................... 1,878 1,498 1,507 1,766 1,645 1,593 1,515 1,421 1,397

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 25.1 22.7 22.7 25.1 25.8 25.2 23.6 24.1 22.9

Median duration, in weeks......................... 10.3 8.9 9.4 10.1 9.8 9.5 9.1 9.4 9.3

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 29.5 36.9 32.5 34.2 32.4 33.8 33.7 34.4 37.2

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 32.0 28.7 31.8 28.3 29.6 28.4 30.1 29.3 28.3

15 weeks and over.................................. 38.5 34.4 35.7 37.4 38.0 37.7 36.2 36.3 34.6

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 14.7 13.5 14.4 13.9 13.0 13.8 13.3 14.8 13.8

27 weeks and over............................... 23.8 20.8 21.3 23.5 25.0 23.9 22.9 21.5 20.7

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2018

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 151,594 154,403 7,887 7,091 4.9 4.4

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 61,064 62,908 1,313 1,301 2.1 2.0

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 25,242 25,625 626 530 2.4 2.0

Professional and related occupations.......................... 35,822 37,283 687 771 1.9 2.0

Service occupations................................................ 25,894 26,226 1,857 1,503 6.7 5.4

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,484 32,992 1,615 1,538 4.6 4.5

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,970 15,541 712 736 4.3 4.5

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,515 17,451 903 802 4.9 4.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 13,495 14,109 1,134 1,092 7.8 7.2

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,073 1,129 105 162 8.9 12.5

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 7,531 8,020 813 781 9.7 8.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,891 4,961 216 149 4.2 2.9

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 17,657 18,168 1,261 1,012 6.7 5.3

Production occupations.......................................... 8,398 8,488 536 386 6.0 4.3

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9,259 9,680 725 626 7.3 6.1

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2018

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 7,887 7,091 4.9 4.4

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 6,267 5,529 5.0 4.3

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 34 52 4.6 6.6

Construction.......................................................................... 781 732 8.8 7.8

Manufacturing........................................................................ 619 555 4.0 3.6

Durable goods..................................................................... 443 339 4.5 3.5

Nondurable goods................................................................ 177 216 3.1 3.7

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,106 1,064 5.4 5.3

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 343 260 5.2 3.7

Information............................................................................ 105 89 3.9 3.2

Financial activities................................................................... 344 218 3.4 2.2

Professional and business services............................................... 919 827 5.5 4.8

Education and health services..................................................... 752 598 3.2 2.5

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 952 903 7.0 6.8

Other services........................................................................ 312 230 4.6 3.4

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 126 154 8.5 9.6

Government workers................................................................... 463 411 2.1 1.9

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 350 358 3.5 3.6

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2017

Oct.

2017

Nov.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018

Feb.

2018

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 4.9 4.5 4.4 4.7 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 5.3 4.8 4.6 5.0 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 6.0 5.5 5.3 5.7 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.1

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 9.5 8.9 8.6 9.2 8.0 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.2

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2018

Feb.

2017

Feb.

2018

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 94,764 95,439 38,273 38,444 56,491 56,996

Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,641 5,152 2,575 2,384 3,066 2,768

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 1,723 1,602 972 841 751 761

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 522 373 376 224 146 148

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,201 1,230 596 617 605 613

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,980 8,103 3,985 4,082 3,996 4,020

Percent of total employed.......................................... 5.3 5.2 5.0 5.0 5.6 5.5

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,415 4,446 2,444 2,437 1,970 2,009

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 2,180 2,127 773 809 1,406 1,317

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 251 343 150 199 101 144

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 1,101 1,127 606 601 495 526

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Feb.

2018p

Feb.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Feb.

2018p

Change

from:

Jan.2018 -

Feb.2018p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,423 148,530 145,472 146,696 145,896 147,625 147,864 148,177 313

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,798 125,855 123,290 124,021 123,587 125,294 125,532 125,819 287

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,487 20,230 19,869 20,039 19,964 20,328 20,400 20,500 100

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645 700 693 702 655 698 705 713 8

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.6 50.1 49.1 49.8 50.6 49.7 50.7 50.4 -0.3

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595.1 649.6 643.4 652.0 604.6 648.3 654.2 662.8 8.6

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.7 145.3 145.3 146.2 148.0 144.5 146.4 147.5 1.1

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176.8 183.7 179.2 180.1 183.3 185.8 186.2 186.8 0.6

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.9 51.9 52.0 51.9 50.9 51.8 51.9 52.2 0.3

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.7 38.4 38.3 38.4 38.9 38.4 38.5 38.6 0.1

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87.2 93.4 88.9 89.8 93.5 95.7 95.7 96.0 0.3

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271.6 320.6 318.9 325.7 273.3 318.0 321.6 328.5 6.9

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,527 6,970 6,692 6,800 6,919 7,072 7,112 7,173 61

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,474.5 1,555.5 1,511.7 1,532.3 1,528.7 1,563.8 1,566.9 1,582.6 15.7

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721.3 766.0 743.5 751.9 750.7 767.5 772.1 778.9 6.8

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753.2 789.5 768.2 780.4 778.0 796.3 794.8 803.7 8.9

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 877.9 942.4 873.5 900.1 987.4 991.3 999.8 1,007.3 7.5

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,174.2 4,471.7 4,307.0 4,367.2 4,402.4 4,516.7 4,545.7 4,583.3 37.6

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,830.9 1,964.9 1,892.4 1,922.4 1,940.8 1,986.5 2,001.5 2,020.1 18.6

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,343.3 2,506.8 2,414.6 2,444.8 2,461.6 2,530.2 2,544.2 2,563.2 19.0

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,315 12,560 12,484 12,537 12,390 12,558 12,583 12,614 31

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,670 7,829 7,799 7,841 7,704 7,821 7,843 7,875 32

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392.0 399.1 395.5 398.2 397.7 398.5 400.8 404.1 3.3

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397.3 413.0 403.1 405.8 411.8 415.8 418.0 419.6 1.6

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.2 379.9 378.6 382.0 368.5 378.7 378.9 382.6 3.7

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,411.9 1,458.2 1,455.2 1,463.2 1,414.6 1,456.0 1,461.0 1,466.9 5.9

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,071.0 1,097.5 1,100.8 1,108.3 1,071.8 1,097.2 1,103.0 1,108.6 5.6

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,033.6 1,057.2 1,054.2 1,055.2 1,036.8 1,055.8 1,057.1 1,058.2 1.1

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 156.3 166.3 166.6 168.0 157.4 166.0 167.3 168.6 1.3

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.8 86.5 86.0 85.8 86.5 86.5 86.4 86.3 -0.1

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359.0 367.6 365.0 366.1 359.7 366.6 366.4 367.2 0.8

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398.3 404.1 404.0 402.8 398.7 404.1 404.2 403.4 -0.8

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 32.7 32.6 32.5 34.4 32.7 32.8 32.7 -0.1

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 382.2 395.6 394.7 394.2 383.4 395.1 395.5 395.6 0.1

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,630.2 1,642.3 1,639.1 1,649.7 1,632.1 1,639.0 1,643.6 1,651.8 8.2

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 951.8 959.2 954.7 962.8 953.2 956.3 957.3 963.5 6.2

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394.2 392.2 388.7 392.4 395.2 392.2 391.7 393.6 1.9

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589.8 593.6 589.2 592.1 592.1 592.3 593.2 594.2 1.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,645 4,731 4,685 4,696 4,686 4,737 4,740 4,739 -1

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,571.6 1,620.0 1,600.8 1,605.2 1,589.2 1,623.9 1,624.9 1,625.2 0.3

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.3 111.8 111.0 111.3 113.0 111.5 111.2 111.0 -0.2

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.7 113.0 111.8 110.8 116.3 112.8 112.8 112.1 -0.7

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124.6 116.5 115.6 117.1 124.1 115.9 116.5 116.4 -0.1

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368.8 369.8 369.9 371.3 369.3 370.0 370.4 371.2 0.8

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 440.4 439.3 433.5 434.0 443.7 436.9 436.6 437.3 0.7

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.5 113.0 110.3 112.3 112.9 114.9 114.7 116.5 1.8

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814.7 831.6 824.8 824.1 817.3 830.3 828.7 827.6 -1.1

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709.4 723.9 719.9 721.5 711.5 724.3 725.3 723.3 -2.0

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278.6 292.4 287.4 288.4 288.5 296.0 298.4 298.8 0.4

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,311 105,625 103,421 103,982 103,623 104,966 105,132 105,319 187

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,071 28,337 27,464 27,325 27,448 27,593 27,627 27,699 72

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,845.1 5,951.7 5,899.8 5,915.9 5,885.3 5,941.9 5,950.4 5,956.2 5.8

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,932.6 2,998.1 2,979.9 2,991.6 2,948.3 2,994.9 3,000.7 3,008.0 7.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,023.5 2,057.5 2,023.4 2,028.3 2,043.5 2,054.8 2,048.7 2,048.9 0.2

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Feb.

2018p

Feb.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Feb.

2018p

Change

from:

Jan.2018 -

Feb.2018p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 889.0 896.1 896.5 896.0 893.5 892.2 901.0 899.3 -1.7

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,621.6 16,371.1 15,789.5 15,659.2 15,891.2 15,861.1 15,875.9 15,926.2 50.3

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,984.5 2,010.6 1,999.9 2,005.6 2,003.9 2,019.9 2,022.1 2,025.4 3.3

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,285.9 1,300.8 1,296.5 1,300.4 1,293.4 1,303.4 1,304.3 1,308.1 3.8

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146.8 147.8 145.9 149.0 155.4 155.9 157.4 157.3 -0.1

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 551.8 562.0 557.5 556.2 555.2 560.6 560.4 560.0 -0.4

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 476.1 503.2 486.9 481.0 476.2 480.7 481.2 481.2 0.0

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 508.6 513.0 506.7 494.6 510.6 495.0 494.8 496.0 1.2

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,218.7 1,261.0 1,239.4 1,268.6 1,266.6 1,299.5 1,305.2 1,315.5 10.3

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,068.2 3,125.2 3,078.3 3,072.2 3,098.1 3,099.8 3,095.6 3,099.9 4.3

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,067.7 1,089.1 1,066.4 1,054.3 1,071.7 1,065.9 1,061.5 1,058.9 -2.6

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916.4 930.3 921.7 922.3 929.9 933.1 934.9 935.5 0.6

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,342.3 1,486.5 1,365.8 1,324.5 1,395.4 1,347.5 1,358.9 1,373.8 14.9

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592.6 674.4 597.2 574.8 603.8 598.8 592.6 589.9 -2.7

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,077.8 3,334.3 3,143.4 3,074.3 3,143.0 3,121.7 3,123.6 3,141.3 17.7

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,158.3 1,315.2 1,196.8 1,145.7 1,189.0 1,175.5 1,176.0 1,177.8 1.8

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 1,919.5 2,019.1 1,946.6 1,928.6 1,954.0 1,946.2 1,947.5 1,963.5 16.0

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812.5 835.6 801.4 805.6 829.8 821.2 822.4 822.3 -0.1

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556.2 607.9 582.4 581.4 562.2 578.0 583.1 586.5 3.4

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,051.0 5,459.1 5,224.7 5,199.9 5,115.8 5,236.2 5,248.0 5,263.4 15.4

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482.0 497.7 495.8 496.9 487.0 499.6 500.5 502.1 1.6

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216.2 211.8 210.2 210.2 218.0 212.1 212.3 211.9 -0.4

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 64.7 63.5 63.1 64.4 65.8 65.6 65.7 0.1

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,424.7 1,460.2 1,435.7 1,444.3 1,451.3 1,460.3 1,464.4 1,470.0 5.6

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499.1 511.0 502.8 507.4 488.0 495.5 492.9 496.3 3.4

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.7 47.8 47.1 47.4 49.0 47.6 47.3 47.6 0.3

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 24.9 30.0 25.4 26.8 34.0 36.0 36.0 36.3 0.3

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 678.4 703.8 697.4 702.1 683.4 700.2 703.5 706.8 3.3

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644.6 887.9 737.9 694.7 663.0 707.7 711.5 712.3 0.8

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 970.5 1,044.2 1,008.9 1,007.0 977.7 1,011.4 1,014.0 1,014.4 0.4

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552.8 554.9 550.0 550.0 556.0 554.1 552.2 553.4 1.2

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,810 2,784 2,724 2,742 2,810 2,776 2,760 2,748 -12

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 728.2 720.3 713.8 712.7 729.9 717.0 716.2 714.5 -1.7

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431.7 414.6 380.9 399.2 426.8 416.3 409.0 399.3 -9.7

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268.6 264.7 261.8 261.1 269.2 263.0 262.5 261.7 -0.8

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794.8 778.1 764.5 762.6 794.7 773.9 766.0 763.4 -2.6

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311.5 320.1 319.5 322.4 312.9 319.6 321.4 323.7 2.3

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275.0 286.5 283.4 284.0 276.3 285.9 285.0 285.7 0.7

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,344 8,516 8,461 8,488 8,404 8,511 8,519 8,547 28

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,217.6 6,301.6 6,278.0 6,299.3 6,233.6 6,291.2 6,293.9 6,314.3 20.4

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 19.2 19.0 18.9 18.9 19.0 18.9 18.9 18.9 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,632.2 2,660.6 2,652.4 2,658.1 2,640.1 2,657.3 2,657.9 2,665.5 7.6

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,708.3 1,714.5 1,713.5 1,713.4 1,712.0 1,716.0 1,715.7 1,717.1 1.4

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,321.5 1,321.1 1,319.7 1,320.9 1,322.0 1,322.5 1,319.3 1,321.4 2.1

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 618.9 629.9 623.3 627.0 621.2 625.9 624.7 629.0 4.3

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 305.0 316.2 315.6 317.7 306.9 315.4 317.5 319.3 1.8

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 927.2 952.5 949.7 956.5 931.6 950.8 954.4 959.7 5.3

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,639.0 2,669.5 2,657.0 2,665.8 2,642.9 2,664.2 2,662.7 2,670.2 7.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,126.7 2,214.7 2,182.7 2,188.3 2,170.8 2,219.5 2,225.2 2,232.4 7.2

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,566.6 1,615.5 1,592.1 1,593.3 1,590.0 1,611.1 1,614.2 1,616.6 2.4

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536.3 574.8 566.4 570.7 556.6 584.2 586.5 591.3 4.8

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Feb.

2018p

Feb.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Feb.

2018p

Change

from:

Jan.2018 -

Feb.2018p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.8 24.4 24.2 24.3 24.2 24.2 24.5 24.5 0.0

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,971 20,770 20,319 20,450 20,265 20,677 20,710 20,760 50

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 8,985.1 9,110.2 9,084.4 9,163.1 8,923.7 9,080.8 9,092.0 9,110.9 18.9

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,125.4 1,143.8 1,128.0 1,128.9 1,131.5 1,137.1 1,135.9 1,135.7 -0.2

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 1,103.8 979.8 1,039.7 1,088.0 981.2 982.1 971.6 974.1 2.5

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,397.0 1,454.6 1,437.1 1,442.9 1,419.0 1,456.0 1,459.6 1,465.2 5.6

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.1 140.6 135.1 135.5 139.7 138.3 137.4 137.3 -0.1

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,029.2 2,066.2 2,067.7 2,073.8 2,026.1 2,064.5 2,068.4 2,071.5 3.1

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,362.0 1,439.1 1,416.1 1,418.3 1,377.8 1,424.1 1,436.0 1,434.2 -1.8

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653.6 662.5 662.2 665.3 657.4 663.1 666.6 669.4 2.8

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 489.8 493.0 482.7 489.6 492.7 490.9 488.9 492.2 3.3

Other professional and technical services. . . 686.2 730.6 715.8 720.8 698.3 724.7 727.5 731.4 3.9

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,271.2 2,312.1 2,303.7 2,302.8 2,281.7 2,308.4 2,310.5 2,312.8 2.3

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,715.1 9,347.8 8,931.3 8,984.1 9,059.7 9,287.4 9,307.4 9,335.8 28.4

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,310.5 8,931.5 8,517.9 8,571.8 8,647.7 8,869.4 8,888.2 8,916.5 28.3

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 498.4 519.3 518.7 517.1 500.0 518.7 520.7 519.4 -1.3

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.5 155.3 153.1 155.3 146.7 155.8 154.5 156.6 2.1

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,412.8 3,800.5 3,511.1 3,549.0 3,557.5 3,673.6 3,677.6 3,699.2 21.6

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,774.2 3,113.6 2,850.7 2,886.1 2,901.2 2,998.1 2,995.2 3,021.7 26.5

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909.4 932.1 915.2 913.8 908.0 908.5 913.6 912.3 -1.3

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216.3 213.9 212.3 214.6 219.4 216.4 217.3 217.5 0.2

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 900.2 933.2 921.9 925.4 910.8 927.9 931.8 934.7 2.9

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 1,913.4 2,052.0 1,960.0 1,968.4 2,086.9 2,137.6 2,141.3 2,144.1 2.8

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314.5 325.2 325.6 328.2 318.4 331.1 331.4 332.8 1.4

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404.6 416.3 413.4 412.3 412.0 418.0 419.2 419.3 0.1

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,142 23,556 23,250 23,592 23,017 23,380 23,443 23,466 23

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,804.7 3,808.3 3,599.0 3,882.4 3,648.2 3,695.7 3,726.3 3,720.5 -5.8

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,337.0 19,748.0 19,651.0 19,709.3 19,368.5 19,684.4 19,716.2 19,745.3 29.1

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,582.7 15,921.8 15,837.1 15,870.9 15,619.7 15,867.0 15,890.7 15,909.2 18.5

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,202.1 7,419.1 7,367.6 7,386.6 7,221.8 7,388.6 7,399.7 7,407.8 8.1

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,559.4 2,628.0 2,604.4 2,612.1 2,564.0 2,612.2 2,613.0 2,617.6 4.6

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 929.2 945.2 935.7 934.3 930.2 943.5 938.1 935.6 -2.5

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 873.0 908.4 908.5 908.1 877.6 905.6 913.6 912.7 -0.9

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880.7 916.2 918.1 918.3 882.4 914.0 919.6 919.6 0.0

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 267.9 275.6 274.2 275.8 268.3 274.0 274.8 276.1 1.3

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,390.9 1,436.5 1,421.9 1,427.9 1,397.6 1,430.5 1,431.6 1,435.6 4.0

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301.0 309.2 304.8 310.1 301.7 308.8 309.0 310.5 1.5

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,050.1 5,135.9 5,125.0 5,136.8 5,057.1 5,124.0 5,134.1 5,143.4 9.3

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,330.5 3,366.8 3,344.5 3,347.5 3,340.8 3,354.4 3,356.9 3,358.0 1.1

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,631.6 1,626.6 1,615.8 1,612.1 1,636.0 1,619.7 1,619.2 1,617.1 -2.1

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 623.7 635.8 631.8 633.2 626.1 635.0 634.5 635.1 0.6

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909.5 934.0 927.2 931.4 912.0 929.4 931.6 934.2 2.6

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 165.7 170.4 169.7 170.8 166.8 170.3 171.5 171.5 0.0

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,754.3 3,826.2 3,813.9 3,838.4 3,748.8 3,817.4 3,825.5 3,836.1 10.6

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,311.3 2,366.7 2,363.1 2,379.4 2,314.8 2,366.4 2,373.0 2,383.4 10.4

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 168.2 172.0 171.2 173.4 167.4 170.6 171.1 172.2 1.1

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 335.6 344.0 341.2 344.0 339.8 345.0 346.4 348.0 1.6

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939.2 943.5 938.4 941.6 926.7 935.5 935.1 932.5 -2.6

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,283 15,862 15,452 15,601 15,937 16,207 16,246 16,262 16

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,069.3 2,174.0 2,072.5 2,111.9 2,306.6 2,349.9 2,350.6 2,354.5 3.9

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 437.7 475.4 427.2 450.6 480.0 496.5 492.2 495.6 3.4

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148.4 163.0 156.1 156.3 163.1 171.5 172.0 172.0 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

Feb.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Feb.

2018p

Feb.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Feb.

2018p

Change

from:

Jan.2018 -

Feb.2018p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,483.2 1,535.6 1,489.2 1,505.0 1,663.5 1,681.9 1,686.4 1,686.9 0.5

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,213.9 13,687.7 13,379.6 13,489.3 13,630.0 13,857.5 13,895.0 13,907.6 12.6

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,901.2 1,948.5 1,913.5 1,927.0 1,989.6 2,013.8 2,015.2 2,016.3 1.1

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,312.7 11,739.2 11,466.1 11,562.3 11,640.4 11,843.7 11,879.8 11,891.3 11.5

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,690 5,800 5,751 5,784 5,742 5,822 5,827 5,837 10

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,297.8 1,309.6 1,299.9 1,309.3 1,302.7 1,316.8 1,315.6 1,314.9 -0.7

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,447.6 1,507.2 1,488.2 1,493.3 1,469.1 1,507.0 1,511.3 1,516.0 4.7

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,944.3 2,982.8 2,962.6 2,981.6 2,969.7 2,998.0 3,000.5 3,006.4 5.9

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,625 22,675 22,182 22,675 22,309 22,331 22,332 22,358 26

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,798.0 2,811.0 2,788.0 2,778.0 2,810.0 2,795.0 2,799.0 2,792.0 -7.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,183.3 2,180.3 2,175.5 2,172.1 2,196.8 2,182.4 2,184.8 2,184.4 -0.4

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614.4 630.2 612.4 606.0 612.7 612.6 614.3 608.0 -6.3

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,295.0 5,233.0 5,037.0 5,274.0 5,154.0 5,129.0 5,132.0 5,134.0 2.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,617.7 2,576.9 2,384.5 2,618.1 2,467.7 2,462.3 2,467.3 2,468.9 1.6

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,677.2 2,655.6 2,652.1 2,655.5 2,686.3 2,667.1 2,664.8 2,665.3 0.5

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,532.0 14,631.0 14,357.0 14,623.0 14,345.0 14,407.0 14,401.0 14,432.0 31.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,218.5 8,246.2 8,012.8 8,262.7 7,907.6 7,938.2 7,922.3 7,949.2 26.9

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,313.3 6,384.9 6,343.9 6,360.7 6,437.3 6,468.4 6,478.4 6,483.2 4.8

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry Feb.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Feb.

2018p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.4 34.5 34.4 34.5

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.3 40.5 40.3 40.6

Mining and logging................................................................ 44.6 45.7 45.3 45.9

Construction....................................................................... 39.2 39.5 39.0 39.3

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.7 40.8 40.8 41.0

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.2 41.3 41.2 41.5

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 39.9 40.0 40.1 40.3

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.2 33.3 33.2 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.3 34.5 34.5 34.5

Wholesale trade................................................................ 39.0 39.3 39.0 39.1

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.8 31.1 31.1 31.1

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.7 38.7 38.7 38.9

Utilities........................................................................... 42.0 42.0 41.9 41.9

Information......................................................................... 36.2 36.2 35.8 36.0

Financial activities................................................................ 37.5 37.6 37.6 37.6

Professional and business services............................................ 36.0 36.0 35.8 36.2

Education and health services.................................................. 32.9 33.0 32.9 33.0

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.0 26.2 26.0 26.1

Other services..................................................................... 31.8 31.8 31.6 31.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.6

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.6

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Feb.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Feb.

2018p

Feb.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Feb.

2018p

Total private............................................... $26.07 $26.64 $26.71 $26.75 $896.81 $919.08 $918.82 $922.88

Goods-producing....................................... 27.32 27.84 27.89 27.94 1,101.00 1,127.52 1,123.97 1,134.36

Mining and logging.................................. 32.15 32.24 32.35 32.37 1,433.89 1,473.37 1,465.46 1,485.78

Construction.......................................... 28.53 29.31 29.34 29.47 1,118.38 1,157.75 1,144.26 1,158.17

Manufacturing........................................ 26.39 26.77 26.83 26.83 1,074.07 1,092.22 1,094.66 1,100.03

Durable goods.................................... 27.64 28.05 28.12 28.09 1,138.77 1,158.47 1,158.54 1,165.74

Nondurable goods................................ 24.27 24.58 24.63 24.68 968.37 983.20 987.66 994.60

Private service-providing.............................. 25.77 26.36 26.43 26.47 855.56 877.79 877.48 881.45

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 22.62 23.04 23.04 23.06 775.87 794.88 794.88 795.57

Wholesale trade.................................. 29.96 30.30 30.24 30.31 1,168.44 1,190.79 1,179.36 1,185.12

Retail trade........................................ 18.02 18.34 18.41 18.41 555.02 570.37 572.55 572.55

Transportation and warehousing............... 23.59 24.22 24.20 24.18 912.93 937.31 936.54 940.60

Utilities............................................. 38.64 39.52 39.53 39.59 1,622.88 1,659.84 1,656.31 1,658.82

Information........................................... 37.67 38.80 39.08 39.40 1,363.65 1,404.56 1,399.06 1,418.40

Financial activities................................... 32.81 34.04 34.28 34.33 1,230.38 1,279.90 1,288.93 1,290.81

Professional and business services.............. 31.32 31.96 32.04 32.08 1,127.52 1,150.56 1,147.03 1,161.30

Education and health services..................... 26.09 26.65 26.73 26.75 858.36 879.45 879.42 882.75

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 15.28 15.69 15.72 15.74 397.28 411.08 408.72 410.81

Other services....................................... 23.60 24.22 24.25 24.25 750.48 770.20 766.30 768.73

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Feb.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Feb.

2018p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2018 -

Feb.

2018p

Feb.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Feb.

2018p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2018 -

Feb.

2018p

Total private..................................... 106.7 108.5 108.4 109.0 0.6 133.0 138.2 138.4 139.3 0.7

Goods-producing............................. 91.7 93.8 93.7 94.8 1.2 113.2 118.0 118.1 119.7 1.4

Mining and logging........................ 91.8 100.2 100.4 102.8 2.4 118.5 129.7 130.3 133.7 2.6

Construction................................ 93.5 96.3 95.6 97.2 1.7 115.9 122.6 121.9 124.4 2.1

Manufacturing.............................. 90.7 92.2 92.4 93.0 0.6 111.3 114.8 115.2 116.1 0.8

Durable goods........................... 89.4 90.9 91.0 92.0 1.1 109.7 113.3 113.6 114.8 1.1

Nondurable goods...................... 93.3 94.6 94.9 95.3 0.4 114.9 118.0 118.6 119.4 0.7

Private service-providing.................... 110.7 112.5 112.3 112.8 0.4 138.6 144.1 144.2 145.1 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 102.4 103.5 103.7 103.9 0.2 124.7 128.4 128.5 129.0 0.4

Wholesale trade......................... 100.1 101.9 101.3 101.6 0.3 125.2 128.8 127.8 128.5 0.5

Retail trade.............................. 99.4 100.2 100.3 100.6 0.3 118.4 121.5 122.1 122.5 0.3

Transportation and warehousing...... 113.3 116.0 116.2 117.2 0.9 135.6 142.5 142.8 143.8 0.7

Utilities.................................... 101.0 100.7 100.1 100.3 0.2 129.0 131.5 130.7 131.2 0.4

Information................................. 92.9 91.8 90.2 90.3 0.1 124.6 126.8 125.6 126.7 0.9

Financial activities......................... 103.2 104.8 104.9 105.2 0.3 132.1 139.2 140.3 140.9 0.4

Professional and business services..... 114.7 117.1 116.6 118.2 1.4 145.6 151.6 151.4 153.6 1.5

Education and health services........... 123.6 126.0 125.9 126.4 0.4 155.2 161.5 161.9 162.7 0.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 118.2 121.2 120.5 121.1 0.5 145.7 153.4 152.9 153.8 0.6

Other services............................. 105.3 106.7 106.2 106.7 0.5 136.2 141.7 141.1 141.8 0.5

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

Feb.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Feb.

2018p

Feb.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Feb.

2018p

Total nonfarm............................................. 72,307 73,124 73,268 73,452 49.6 49.5 49.6 49.6

Total private............................................ 59,514 60,286 60,426 60,578 48.2 48.1 48.1 48.1

Goods-producing.................................... 4,368 4,466 4,482 4,508 21.9 22.0 22.0 22.0

Mining and logging............................... 92 91 93 93 14.0 13.0 13.2 13.0

Construction....................................... 870 902 909 920 12.6 12.8 12.8 12.8

Manufacturing..................................... 3,406 3,473 3,480 3,495 27.5 27.7 27.7 27.7

Durable goods.................................. 1,804 1,831 1,834 1,848 23.4 23.4 23.4 23.5

Nondurable goods............................. 1,602 1,642 1,646 1,647 34.2 34.7 34.7 34.8

Private service-providing........................... 55,146 55,820 55,944 56,070 53.2 53.2 53.2 53.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,105 11,057 11,070 11,124 40.5 40.1 40.1 40.2

Wholesale trade................................ 1,740.0 1,755.4 1,763.4 1,764.5 29.6 29.5 29.6 29.6

Retail trade..................................... 7,982.9 7,888.2 7,893.8 7,943.3 50.2 49.7 49.7 49.9

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,253.6 1,285.8 1,286.8 1,289.1 24.5 24.6 24.5 24.5

Utilities........................................... 128.1 127.4 126.1 127.4 23.0 23.0 22.8 23.0

Information......................................... 1,120 1,095 1,088 1,084 39.9 39.4 39.4 39.4

Financial activities................................ 4,765 4,797 4,807 4,812 56.7 56.4 56.4 56.3

Professional and business services............ 9,116 9,327 9,355 9,387 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.2

Education and health services.................. 17,739 17,981 18,028 18,039 77.1 76.9 76.9 76.9

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,279 8,477 8,504 8,524 51.9 52.3 52.3 52.4

Other services..................................... 3,022 3,086 3,092 3,100 52.6 53.0 53.1 53.1

Government............................................. 12,793 12,838 12,842 12,874 57.3 57.5 57.5 57.6

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry Feb.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Feb.

2018p

Total private............................................................................... 101,872 103,244 103,446 103,681

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,396 14,633 14,702 14,787

Mining and logging.................................................................. 467 517 522 527

Construction.......................................................................... 5,230 5,294 5,336 5,390

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,699 8,822 8,844 8,870

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,300 5,371 5,392 5,420

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,399 3,451 3,452 3,450

Private service-providing.............................................................. 87,476 88,611 88,744 88,894

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 23,092 23,304 23,346 23,413

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,707.5 4,765.4 4,771.1 4,779.5

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,497.3 13,533.9 13,558.8 13,615.7

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,439.6 4,559.0 4,571.7 4,573.6

Utilities.............................................................................. 447.8 445.8 444.5 444.2

Information............................................................................ 2,264 2,236 2,220 2,207

Financial activities................................................................... 6,538 6,609 6,609 6,619

Professional and business services............................................... 16,582 16,846 16,862 16,896

Education and health services..................................................... 20,217 20,528 20,588 20,616

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 14,031 14,276 14,300 14,319

Other services........................................................................ 4,752 4,812 4,819 4,824

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry Feb.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Feb.

2018p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.6 33.8 33.6 33.8

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.3 41.3 41.2 41.5

Mining and logging................................................................ 46.0 46.5 46.1 46.7

Construction....................................................................... 39.8 40.0 39.6 39.9

Manufacturing..................................................................... 42.0 41.8 41.9 42.2

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.4 42.2 42.2 42.5

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.3 41.2 41.4 41.8

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.3 32.5 32.4 32.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.6 34.0 33.9 33.9

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.8 39.2 38.9 39.0

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.0 30.4 30.4 30.3

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.3 38.3 38.3 38.6

Utilities........................................................................... 42.3 42.4 42.7 42.7

Information......................................................................... 35.7 35.8 35.5 35.8

Financial activities................................................................ 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.0

Professional and business services............................................ 35.3 35.4 35.1 35.4

Education and health services.................................................. 32.2 32.3 32.2 32.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.7 25.0 24.8 24.9

Other services..................................................................... 30.8 30.9 30.6 30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.7

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.8

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.6

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

Feb.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Feb.

2018p

Feb.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Feb.

2018p

Total private............................................... $21.85 $22.31 $22.34 $22.40 $734.16 $754.08 $750.62 $757.12

Goods-producing....................................... 22.90 23.54 23.59 23.71 945.77 972.20 971.91 983.97

Mining and logging.................................. 27.30 27.79 27.85 27.89 1,255.80 1,292.24 1,283.89 1,302.46

Construction.......................................... 26.38 27.12 27.16 27.36 1,049.92 1,084.80 1,075.54 1,091.66

Manufacturing........................................ 20.65 21.21 21.28 21.34 867.30 886.58 891.63 900.55

Durable goods.................................... 21.62 22.21 22.27 22.28 916.69 937.26 939.79 946.90

Nondurable goods................................ 19.09 19.61 19.71 19.82 788.42 807.93 815.99 828.48

Private service-providing.............................. 21.63 22.05 22.08 22.12 698.65 716.63 715.39 718.90

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 19.18 19.53 19.52 19.54 644.45 664.02 661.73 662.41

Wholesale trade.................................. 24.54 24.80 24.75 24.80 952.15 972.16 962.78 967.20

Retail trade........................................ 15.21 15.52 15.49 15.47 456.30 471.81 470.90 468.74

Transportation and warehousing............... 21.00 21.54 21.62 21.67 804.30 824.98 828.05 836.46

Utilities............................................. 36.08 36.12 36.44 36.34 1,526.18 1,531.49 1,555.99 1,551.72

Information........................................... 30.42 31.05 31.20 31.33 1,085.99 1,111.59 1,107.60 1,121.61

Financial activities................................... 26.29 26.82 26.73 26.79 972.73 992.34 989.01 991.23

Professional and business services.............. 25.80 26.30 26.37 26.40 910.74 931.02 925.59 934.56

Education and health services..................... 22.86 23.30 23.41 23.45 736.09 752.59 753.80 757.44

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 13.19 13.60 13.61 13.63 325.79 340.00 337.53 339.39

Other services....................................... 19.86 20.45 20.46 20.51 611.69 631.91 626.08 629.66

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Feb.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Feb.

2018p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2018 -

Feb.

2018p

Feb.

2017

Dec.

2017

Jan.

2018p

Feb.

2018p

Percent

change

from:

Jan.

2018 -

Feb.

2018p

Total private..................................... 114.0 116.3 115.8 116.8 0.9 166.5 173.3 172.9 174.8 1.1

Goods-producing............................. 90.9 92.4 92.6 93.8 1.3 127.4 133.1 133.7 136.1 1.8

Mining and logging........................ 114.2 127.8 127.9 130.8 2.3 181.3 206.5 207.1 212.1 2.4

Construction................................ 104.2 106.0 105.8 107.7 1.8 148.5 155.3 155.2 159.1 2.5

Manufacturing.............................. 83.9 84.7 85.1 85.9 0.9 113.3 117.4 118.4 119.9 1.3

Durable goods........................... 84.5 85.2 85.5 86.6 1.3 114.0 118.1 118.9 120.4 1.3

Nondurable goods...................... 82.7 83.8 84.2 85.0 1.0 111.6 116.1 117.3 119.0 1.4

Private service-providing.................... 120.3 122.6 122.5 123.0 0.4 178.5 185.4 185.4 186.6 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 108.2 110.5 110.3 110.6 0.3 148.0 153.9 153.6 154.2 0.4

Wholesale trade......................... 107.6 110.0 109.3 109.8 0.5 155.5 160.7 159.4 160.4 0.6

Retail trade.............................. 102.5 104.1 104.3 104.4 0.1 133.6 138.5 138.5 138.5 0.0

Transportation and warehousing...... 128.0 131.4 131.8 132.9 0.8 170.5 179.6 180.8 182.7 1.1

Utilities.................................... 96.9 96.7 97.1 97.0 -0.1 145.9 145.7 147.6 147.1 -0.3

Information................................. 92.3 91.4 90.0 90.2 0.2 138.9 140.4 138.9 139.9 0.7

Financial activities......................... 113.9 115.1 115.1 115.3 0.2 184.2 189.9 189.3 190.0 0.4

Professional and business services..... 131.2 133.7 132.6 134.0 1.1 201.4 209.2 208.2 210.6 1.2

Education and health services........... 138.8 141.4 141.3 142.0 0.5 209.4 217.4 218.4 219.8 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 126.9 130.7 129.9 130.6 0.5 190.2 201.9 200.8 202.2 0.7

Other services............................. 102.6 104.3 103.4 103.9 0.5 148.5 155.4 154.2 155.2 0.6

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.