For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, December 8, 2021 USDL-21-2099

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – OCTOBER 2021

The number of job openings increased to 11.0 million on the last business day of October, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires were little changed at 6.5 million and total separations 

edged down to 5.9 million. Within separations, the quits rate decreased to 2.8 percent following a series 

high in September. The layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged at 0.9 percent. This release includes 

estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by 

industry, by four geographic regions, and by establishment size class.

Job Openings

On the last business day of October, the number of job openings increased to 11.0 million (+431,000). 

The job openings rate was little changed at 6.9 percent. Job openings increased in several industries with 

the largest increases in accommodation and food services (+254,000); nondurable goods manufacturing 

(+45,000); and educational services (+42,000). Job openings decreased in state and local government, 

excluding education (-115,000). The number of job openings increased in the South region. 

(See table 1.)

Hires

In October, the number of hires was little changed at 6.5 million. The hires rate was unchanged at 4.4

percent. Hires decreased in finance and insurance (-96,000). Hires increased in educational services 

(+54,000) and in state and local government education (+37,000). The number of hires was little 

changed in all four regions. (See table 2.)
- 2 -

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are generally 

voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of 

workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated 

by the employer. Other separations includes separations due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers 

to other locations of the same firm.

In October, the number of total separations edged down to 5.9 million (-255,000). The total separations

rate was little changed at 4.0 percent. Total separations decreased in finance and insurance (-88,000) and 

in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (-64,000). Total separations increased in state and local

government, excluding education (+28,000). Total separations were little changed in all four regions. 

(See table 3.)

The number of quits decreased in October to 4.2 million (-205,000). The quits rate decreased to 2.8 

percent. Quits decreased in several industries with the largest decreases in transportation, warehousing, 

and utilities (-57,000); finance and insurance (-45,000); and arts, entertainment, and recreation

(-33,000). Quits increased in state and local government, excluding education (+21,000) and in mining 

and logging (+6,000). The number of quits was little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

In October, the number of layoffs and discharges was little changed at 1.4 million. The layoffs and 

discharges rate was unchanged at 0.9 percent. Layoffs and discharges were little changed in all 

industries and in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in October at 373,000. Other separations decreased

in finance and insurance (-33,000). The number of other separations increased in state and local

government, excluding education (+8,000). Other separations were little changed in all four regions.

(See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in October 2021, hires totaled 73.8 million and separations totaled 68.1

million, yielding a net employment gain of 5.7 million. These totals include workers who may have been 

hired and separated more than once during the year.

Establishment Size Class

In October, the job openings rate increased in small establishments with 10-49 employees and in large 

establishments with 1,000 to 4,999 employees. The hires rate decreased in large establishments with 

1,000 to 4,999 employees. The quits rate decreased in small establishments with 1-9 employees but 

increased in large establishments with 5,000 or more employees. Both the layoffs and discharges rate 

and the total separations rate increased in large establishments with 5,000 or more employees. For a 
- 3 -

more in-depth description of the JOLTS establishment size class estimates, please visit 

www.bls.gov/jlt/sizeclassmethodology.htm.

____________

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for November 2021 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, January 4, 2022 at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact

Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Data

More information about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the JOLTS survey, including 

information about the JOLTS estimation methodology, is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-ofcovid-19-pandemic-on-job-openings-and-labor-turnover-data.htm
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 6,873 10,602 11,033 6,035 6,546 6,464 5,427 6,147 5,892

Total private....................................... 6,173 9,614 10,118 5,696 6,206 6,100 4,878 5,821 5,545

Mining and logging............................. 21 37 37 19 18 24 20 16 23

Construction.................................... 253 354 410 401 361 378 343 321 342

Manufacturing.................................. 545 948 1,009 384 483 495 354 452 424

Durable goods............................... 302 568 584 226 264 274 205 243 225

Nondurable goods........................... 243 380 425 159 219 221 149 209 199

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 1,160 2,020 1,996 1,276 1,375 1,315 1,129 1,282 1,200

Wholesale trade............................. 178 319 330 136 179 167 122 167 153

Retail trade................................... 703 1,073 1,055 739 896 867 740 861 856

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 278 629 611 401 301 280 268 255 191

Information...................................... 117 155 180 123 109 124 78 97 98

Financial activities.............................. 304 438 446 250 299 207 208 267 190

Finance and insurance..................... 225 322 321 152 224 128 131 207 119

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 79 115 125 99 75 78 78 59 71

Professional and business services......... 1,225 1,784 1,819 1,102 1,230 1,244 1,036 1,134 1,145

Education and health services............... 1,394 1,940 1,999 727 808 811 709 806 776

Educational services........................ 116 134 176 88 59 113 84 89 86

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 1,278 1,806 1,823 639 749 698 625 717 690

Leisure and hospitality........................ 888 1,530 1,781 1,154 1,243 1,248 828 1,158 1,111

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 97 186 183 145 193 165 115 167 153

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 792 1,344 1,598 1,009 1,050 1,082 713 992 958

Other services.................................. 266 407 442 258 279 256 172 288 235

Government....................................... 700 988 914 339 340 364 549 326 347

Federal.......................................... 103 136 140 47 42 43 198 45 46

State and local................................. 598 852 775 292 298 322 351 281 300

State and local education.................. 228 261 299 138 127 164 196 149 140

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 369 591 476 154 171 157 155 132 160

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 4.6 6.7 6.9 4.2 4.4 4.4 3.8 4.2 4.0

Total private....................................... 4.9 7.1 7.4 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.0 4.6 4.4

Mining and logging............................. 3.4 5.4 5.3 3.2 2.8 3.7 3.3 2.5 3.5

Construction.................................... 3.3 4.5 5.2 5.5 4.8 5.0 4.7 4.3 4.6

Manufacturing.................................. 4.3 7.1 7.4 3.2 3.9 3.9 2.9 3.6 3.4

Durable goods............................... 3.9 6.8 7.0 3.0 3.4 3.5 2.7 3.1 2.9

Nondurable goods........................... 5.0 7.5 8.2 3.4 4.6 4.7 3.2 4.4 4.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 4.1 6.8 6.7 4.8 5.0 4.7 4.2 4.6 4.3

Wholesale trade............................. 3.1 5.3 5.4 2.4 3.1 2.9 2.2 2.9 2.7

Retail trade................................... 4.4 6.5 6.4 4.9 5.8 5.6 4.9 5.6 5.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities...................................... 4.3 8.9 8.6 6.5 4.7 4.3 4.4 3.9 2.9

Information...................................... 4.2 5.3 6.1 4.6 3.9 4.4 2.9 3.5 3.5

Financial activities.............................. 3.4 4.7 4.8 2.9 3.4 2.3 2.4 3.0 2.1

Finance and insurance..................... 3.3 4.7 4.7 2.3 3.4 2.0 2.0 3.2 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . .. 3.4 4.7 5.1 4.5 3.2 3.4 3.5 2.6 3.1

Professional and business services......... 5.7 7.8 7.9 5.4 5.8 5.9 5.1 5.4 5.4

Education and health services............... 5.7 7.6 7.8 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.0 3.4 3.3

Educational services........................ 3.3 3.6 4.6 2.6 1.6 3.1 2.5 2.5 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 6.1 8.2 8.3 3.2 3.7 3.5 3.1 3.6 3.4

Leisure and hospitality........................ 6.1 9.1 10.3 8.5 8.1 8.0 6.1 7.5 7.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 5.2 7.8 7.6 8.1 8.8 7.5 6.5 7.6 6.9

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 6.3 9.3 10.7 8.5 8.0 8.1 6.0 7.5 7.2

Other services.................................. 4.6 6.6 7.1 4.7 4.9 4.4 3.1 5.0 4.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Government....................................... 3.1 4.3 4.0 1.6 1.5 1.7 2.5 1.5 1.6

Federal.......................................... 3.3 4.5 4.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 6.6 1.5 1.6

State and local................................. 3.1 4.3 3.9 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.5 1.6

State and local education.................. 2.3 2.5 2.9 1.4 1.3 1.6 2.0 1.5 1.4

State and local, excluding education. . . .. 3.9 6.2 5.0 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.8

p Preliminary
Technical Note 

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job 

openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other 

separations, and total separations. The JOLTS 

program covers all private nonfarm establishments, 

as well as civilian federal, state, and local 

government entities in the 50 states and the District 

of Columbia. Industries are classified in accordance 

with the North American Industry Classification 

System. 

Definitions 

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements. 

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

 A specific position exists and there is work

available for that position. The position can

be full-time or part-time, and it can be

permanent, short-term, or seasonal.

 The job could start within 30 days, whether

or not the employer can find a suitable

candidate during that time.

 The employer is actively recruiting workers

from outside the establishment to fill the

position. Active recruiting means that the

establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position. It may include advertising in 

newspapers, on television, or on the radio; 

posting Internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking or making 

“word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting 

applications; interviewing candidates; 

contacting employment agencies; or 

soliciting employees at job fairs, state or 

local employment offices, or similar 

sources. 

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future, 

positions for which employees have been hired but 

the employees have not yet reported for work, and 

positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 

computed by dividing the number of job openings by 

the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs 

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer including layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 
discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 

closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season). 

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability; and deaths. Excluded from separations are 

transfers within the same location; employees on 

strike; employees of temporary help agencies, 

employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or 

consultants. The separations rate is computed by 

dividing the number of separations by employment 

and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, 

layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are 

computed similarly. 

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 

establishments. The sample is stratified by 

ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment 

size class. The establishments are drawn from a 

universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled 

by the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages 

(QCEW) program which includes all employers 

subject to state unemployment insurance laws and 

federal agencies subject to the Unemployment 

Compensation for Federal Employees program. 

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio 

adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the Current Employment Statistics 

(CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment 

is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data 

elements. 

Birth/death model. The time lag from the start 

up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance 

on the sampling frame is approximately one year. 

Also within the first year, new businesses may go out 

of business, referred to as a death. Because not all 

births and deaths of establishments can be reflected 

on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS 

sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and 

separations from them during their early existence. 

BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses 

establishment birth and death activity from previous 

years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and 

separations produced by the birth/death model are 

added to the sample-based estimates produced from 

the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, 

hires, and separations. 

Alignment. The JOLTS figure for hires minus 

separations can be used to derive a measure of net 

employment change. This change should be 

comparable to the net employment change from the 

much larger CES survey. However, definitional 

differences as well as sampling and nonsampling 

errors between the two surveys historically caused 

JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the 

divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

monthly alignment method. There are four steps to 

this method: seasonally adjust, align, back out the 

seasonal adjustment factors, and seasonally adjust 

again. 

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses X-13 ARIMA 

for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal 

adjustment methodology is used in which new 

seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each 

month, using all relevant data up to and including 

current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors 

at the beginning and end of the series and to detect 

and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally 

adjusted CES employment trends are applied to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment 

trends (hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the 

seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates. The JOLTS estimates are 

revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES 

employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal 

adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels 

are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and 

the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data 

elements. The seasonally adjusted data are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to 

reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. These 

annual updates result in revisions to both the 

seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted 

JOLTS data series, for the period since the last 

benchmark was established. 

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual 

level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) 
annual average employment level, and multiplying 

that quotient by 100. This figure will be 

approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly 

rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates 

are published only for not seasonally adjusted data 

and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job 

openings because job openings are a stock, or pointin-time, measurement for the last business day of 

each month. 

Reliability of the estimates 

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling 

and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs 

when a sample is surveyed rather than the entire 

population. There is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the true population values 

they represent. The difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected. 

This variability is measured by the standard error of 

the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 

the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that 

there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no 

more than 1.6 standard errors from the true 

population value because of sampling error. 

Sampling error estimates are available at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by 

nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for 

many reasons including: the failure to include a 

segment of the population; the inability to obtain data 

from all units in the sample; the inability or 

unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a 

timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 

made in the collection or processing of the data; and 

errors from the employment benchmark data used in 

estimation. 

Other information 

Information in this release will be made available 

to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 

877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2020

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Oct.

2020

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Total............................................... 6,873 10,185 11,098 10,629 10,602 11,033 4.6 6.5 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.9

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 6,173 9,226 10,044 9,775 9,614 10,118 4.9 6.9 7.4 7.2 7.1 7.4

Mining and logging......................... 21 28 40 38 37 37 3.4 4.3 6.0 5.6 5.4 5.3

Construction................................ 253 338 347 358 354 410 3.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.5 5.2

Manufacturing.............................. 545 880 906 869 948 1,009 4.3 6.7 6.8 6.5 7.1 7.4

Durable goods........................... 302 494 517 488 568 584 3.9 6.1 6.3 5.9 6.8 7.0

Nondurable goods....................... 243 386 388 381 380 425 5.0 7.6 7.7 7.5 7.5 8.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,160 1,943 1,893 2,035 2,020 1,996 4.1 6.6 6.5 6.9 6.8 6.7

Wholesale trade......................... 178 274 261 269 319 330 3.1 4.6 4.4 4.5 5.3 5.4

Retail trade............................... 703 1,195 1,133 1,196 1,073 1,055 4.4 7.2 6.9 7.2 6.5 6.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 278 474 500 570 629 611 4.3 7.0 7.3 8.2 8.9 8.6

Information.................................. 117 161 160 179 155 180 4.2 5.6 5.5 6.1 5.3 6.1

Financial activities......................... 304 346 529 474 438 446 3.4 3.8 5.7 5.1 4.7 4.8

Finance and insurance................. 225 246 344 288 322 321 3.3 3.6 5.0 4.2 4.7 4.7

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 79 100 185 186 115 125 3.4 4.2 7.5 7.5 4.7 5.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,225 1,719 1,838 1,869 1,784 1,819 5.7 7.6 8.1 8.2 7.8 7.9

Education and health services........... 1,394 1,700 1,960 1,782 1,940 1,999 5.7 6.7 7.7 7.0 7.6 7.8

Educational services.................... 116 201 198 182 134 176 3.3 5.4 5.2 4.8 3.6 4.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 1,278 1,498 1,762 1,600 1,806 1,823 6.1 7.0 8.1 7.4 8.2 8.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 888 1,685 1,910 1,683 1,530 1,781 6.1 10.2 11.2 9.9 9.1 10.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 97 216 238 224 186 183 5.2 9.6 10.2 9.5 7.8 7.6

Accommodation and food services. .. 792 1,469 1,672 1,459 1,344 1,598 6.3 10.3 11.3 10.0 9.3 10.7

Other services.............................. 266 425 459 487 407 442 4.6 7.0 7.4 7.8 6.6 7.1

Government................................... 700 959 1,055 853 988 914 3.1 4.2 4.6 3.7 4.3 4.0

Federal...................................... 103 119 120 135 136 140 3.3 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.5 4.6

State and local............................. 598 840 934 718 852 775 3.1 4.2 4.6 3.6 4.3 3.9

State and local education.............. 228 446 412 297 261 299 2.3 4.3 3.9 2.8 2.5 2.9

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 369 394 523 421 591 476 3.9 4.2 5.5 4.5 6.2 5.0

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 1,170 1,746 2,030 1,833 1,806 1,788 4.3 6.2 7.0 6.4 6.3 6.2

South........................................... 2,717 3,888 4,203 4,134 4,051 4,324 4.9 6.8 7.2 7.1 6.9 7.4

Midwest........................................ 1,463 2,227 2,394 2,239 2,364 2,484 4.5 6.6 7.0 6.6 6.9 7.2

West............................................ 1,524 2,323 2,472 2,422 2,382 2,437 4.4 6.4 6.7 6.6 6.4 6.6

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2020

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Oct.

2020

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Total............................................... 6,035 6,827 6,761 6,497 6,546 6,464 4.2 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.4

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 5,696 6,398 6,268 6,140 6,206 6,100 4.7 5.2 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.8

Mining and logging......................... 19 25 24 24 18 24 3.2 4.0 3.8 3.7 2.8 3.7

Construction................................ 401 371 377 391 361 378 5.5 5.0 5.1 5.3 4.8 5.0

Manufacturing.............................. 384 483 477 476 483 495 3.2 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9

Durable goods........................... 226 280 261 260 264 274 3.0 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5

Nondurable goods....................... 159 203 216 216 219 221 3.4 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,276 1,585 1,310 1,411 1,375 1,315 4.8 5.8 4.8 5.1 5.0 4.7

Wholesale trade......................... 136 175 183 194 179 167 2.4 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.1 2.9

Retail trade............................... 739 1,126 857 932 896 867 4.9 7.3 5.6 6.1 5.8 5.6

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 401 283 271 284 301 280 6.5 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.7 4.3

Information.................................. 123 91 98 105 109 124 4.6 3.3 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.4

Financial activities......................... 250 209 224 201 299 207 2.9 2.4 2.5 2.3 3.4 2.3

Finance and insurance................. 152 139 143 126 224 128 2.3 2.1 2.2 1.9 3.4 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 99 70 80 75 75 78 4.5 3.1 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.4

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,102 1,163 1,258 1,200 1,230 1,244 5.4 5.6 6.0 5.7 5.8 5.9

Education and health services........... 727 796 783 815 808 811 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4

Educational services.................... 88 128 112 139 59 113 2.6 3.6 3.1 3.8 1.6 3.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 639 667 671 676 749 698 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.5

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,154 1,392 1,440 1,274 1,243 1,248 8.5 9.4 9.5 8.4 8.1 8.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 145 180 183 194 193 165 8.1 8.8 8.7 9.0 8.8 7.5

Accommodation and food services. .. 1,009 1,212 1,258 1,080 1,050 1,082 8.5 9.5 9.6 8.2 8.0 8.1

Other services.............................. 258 284 277 245 279 256 4.7 5.0 4.8 4.3 4.9 4.4

Government................................... 339 429 494 357 340 364 1.6 2.0 2.2 1.6 1.5 1.7

Federal...................................... 47 36 48 47 42 43 1.6 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5

State and local............................. 292 393 446 310 298 322 1.6 2.1 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.7

State and local education.............. 138 267 290 161 127 164 1.4 2.7 2.8 1.6 1.3 1.6

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 154 126 156 149 171 157 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.8

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 985 1,021 1,015 972 1,033 1,027 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.8

South........................................... 2,413 2,647 2,635 2,659 2,662 2,596 4.6 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.8

Midwest........................................ 1,230 1,641 1,581 1,349 1,365 1,353 4.0 5.2 5.0 4.2 4.3 4.2

West............................................ 1,407 1,519 1,530 1,518 1,485 1,489 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.3

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2020

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Oct.

2020

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Total............................................... 5,427 5,612 5,792 6,032 6,147 5,892 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,878 5,350 5,535 5,735 5,821 5,545 4.0 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.4

Mining and logging......................... 20 19 18 19 16 23 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.5 3.5

Construction................................ 343 379 383 384 321 342 4.7 5.1 5.2 5.2 4.3 4.6

Manufacturing.............................. 354 427 436 444 452 424 2.9 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.4

Durable goods........................... 205 237 231 248 243 225 2.7 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.1 2.9

Nondurable goods....................... 149 191 204 196 209 199 3.2 4.1 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,129 1,267 1,275 1,381 1,282 1,200 4.2 4.6 4.7 5.0 4.6 4.3

Wholesale trade......................... 122 142 162 200 167 153 2.2 2.5 2.8 3.5 2.9 2.7

Retail trade............................... 740 861 888 959 861 856 4.9 5.6 5.8 6.2 5.6 5.5

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 268 265 226 223 255 191 4.4 4.2 3.6 3.5 3.9 2.9

Information.................................. 78 88 79 80 97 98 2.9 3.2 2.9 2.9 3.5 3.5

Financial activities......................... 208 203 206 196 267 190 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 3.0 2.1

Finance and insurance................. 131 143 134 128 207 119 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.0 3.2 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 78 60 73 67 59 71 3.5 2.6 3.2 2.9 2.6 3.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,036 1,100 1,193 1,126 1,134 1,145 5.1 5.3 5.7 5.4 5.4 5.4

Education and health services........... 709 719 696 742 806 776 3.0 3.1 2.9 3.1 3.4 3.3

Educational services.................... 84 65 69 71 89 86 2.5 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.5 2.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 625 654 627 672 717 690 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.6 3.4

Leisure and hospitality.................... 828 955 1,009 1,180 1,158 1,111 6.1 6.5 6.6 7.7 7.5 7.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 115 120 124 120 167 153 6.5 5.9 6.0 5.6 7.6 6.9

Accommodation and food services. .. 713 834 885 1,060 992 958 6.0 6.5 6.7 8.1 7.5 7.2

Other services.............................. 172 193 240 181 288 235 3.1 3.4 4.2 3.2 5.0 4.1

Government................................... 549 262 258 297 326 347 2.5 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6

Federal...................................... 198 50 40 43 45 46 6.6 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6

State and local............................. 351 212 217 255 281 300 1.9 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.6

State and local education.............. 196 57 69 125 149 140 2.0 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.5 1.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 155 155 149 130 132 160 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.8

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 892 815 918 888 922 923 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.4

South........................................... 2,177 2,219 2,269 2,370 2,476 2,385 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.4

Midwest........................................ 1,202 1,296 1,305 1,401 1,381 1,264 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.3 3.9

West............................................ 1,157 1,281 1,300 1,374 1,367 1,319 3.5 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.0 3.8

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2020

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Oct.

2020

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Total............................................... 3,352 3,870 4,028 4,270 4,362 4,157 2.4 2.7 2.7 2.9 3.0 2.8

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 3,125 3,713 3,872 4,087 4,166 3,952 2.6 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.1

Mining and logging......................... 9 12 9 10 9 15 1.4 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.4 2.3

Construction................................ 132 185 198 192 192 188 1.8 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5

Manufacturing.............................. 231 304 300 312 324 307 1.9 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.5

Durable goods........................... 123 163 154 170 172 164 1.6 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.1

Nondurable goods....................... 109 141 146 141 152 143 2.4 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 744 905 954 1,041 976 907 2.8 3.3 3.5 3.8 3.5 3.3

Wholesale trade......................... 89 105 129 158 126 116 1.6 1.8 2.3 2.8 2.2 2.0

Retail trade............................... 512 637 682 730 686 683 3.4 4.2 4.4 4.8 4.4 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 142 164 143 153 164 107 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.5 1.6

Information.................................. 40 48 50 43 49 50 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.8 1.8

Financial activities......................... 127 127 133 126 150 117 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.3

Finance and insurance................. 81 78 79 85 113 68 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 46 49 54 41 37 48 2.1 2.2 2.4 1.8 1.6 2.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 619 684 697 701 719 740 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5

Education and health services........... 510 548 582 597 625 597 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5

Educational services.................... 44 46 50 44 63 59 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 467 502 532 552 562 538 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 605 772 807 934 955 887 4.4 5.2 5.3 6.1 6.2 5.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 57 66 72 68 117 84 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.2 5.3 3.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 548 706 735 867 838 803 4.6 5.5 5.6 6.6 6.4 6.0

Other services.............................. 108 128 142 132 167 144 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.9 2.5

Government................................... 228 156 157 183 196 205 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9

Federal...................................... 31 25 19 20 22 21 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7

State and local............................. 197 131 137 163 174 183 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

State and local education.............. 106 34 45 77 92 80 1.1 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.8

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 91 97 92 86 82 103 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.1

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 460 531 589 619 616 589 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2

South........................................... 1,479 1,561 1,596 1,706 1,805 1,731 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.2

Midwest........................................ 733 889 921 1,024 949 913 2.4 2.8 2.9 3.2 3.0 2.8

West............................................ 680 888 921 921 992 923 2.0 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.7

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2020

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Oct.

2020

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Total............................................... 1,728 1,354 1,423 1,385 1,396 1,361 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,483 1,300 1,368 1,330 1,333 1,294 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0

Mining and logging......................... 11 6 7 8 5 6 1.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.8 0.9

Construction................................ 200 183 167 168 113 139 2.7 2.5 2.2 2.3 1.5 1.8

Manufacturing.............................. 99 101 118 104 105 95 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8

Durable goods........................... 69 59 67 60 59 47 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.6

Nondurable goods....................... 29 42 51 44 47 47 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 313 298 267 271 246 246 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9

Wholesale trade......................... 25 26 27 31 32 32 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

Retail trade............................... 187 189 167 186 145 147 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.9

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 101 83 73 54 70 68 1.6 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.0

Information.................................. 33 30 26 25 38 38 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.4

Financial activities......................... 49 42 47 44 47 36 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4

Finance and insurance................. 20 37 30 24 30 20 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.3

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 29 4 17 20 17 16 1.3 0.2 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 362 307 404 347 359 334 1.8 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.6

Education and health services........... 160 115 75 111 141 133 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6

Educational services.................... 35 15 16 21 21 22 1.0 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6

Health care and social assistance. . .. 125 100 59 89 120 111 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6

Leisure and hospitality.................... 197 160 171 211 177 193 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 56 53 50 50 46 65 3.1 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.9

Accommodation and food services. .. 141 106 121 161 131 128 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.0

Other services.............................. 59 59 88 42 102 76 1.1 1.0 1.5 0.7 1.8 1.3

Government................................... 245 54 55 54 63 67 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 153 10 7 8 10 10 5.1 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local............................. 92 43 47 46 54 57 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

State and local education.............. 59 15 17 29 27 31 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 33 29 31 17 27 26 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 378 216 258 205 243 275 1.5 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.0

South........................................... 553 518 541 516 531 504 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9

Midwest........................................ 401 324 308 299 346 279 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9

West............................................ 396 295 316 365 276 303 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.9

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2020

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Oct.

2020

June

2021

July

2021

Aug.

2021

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Total............................................... 347 389 341 378 388 373 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 271 337 295 317 322 298 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2

Mining and logging......................... 1 1 1 1 2 2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Construction................................ 12 11 18 24 16 15 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 24 22 18 28 23 22 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 13 14 10 18 12 14 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nondurable goods....................... 11 8 8 10 10 8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 73 64 54 69 60 48 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 7 12 6 11 9 5 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Retail trade............................... 42 34 38 43 29 26 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 24 17 10 16 22 16 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Information.................................. 5 11 3 13 10 10 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.4

Financial activities......................... 32 34 27 26 70 38 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.4

Finance and insurance................. 30 27 25 20 64 31 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 1.0 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 2 7 2 7 5 7 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3

Professional and business services. . . .. 55 109 92 79 55 70 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3

Education and health services........... 38 55 38 35 41 46 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Educational services.................... 5 4 3 5 5 5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance. . .. 33 52 36 30 36 41 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality.................... 26 24 32 34 27 31 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 2 1 3 2 4 4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 24 23 29 32 23 27 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services.............................. 5 7 11 8 18 16 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3

Government................................... 77 52 46 60 66 75 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 14 14 14 15 13 15 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local............................. 63 38 33 46 53 60 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

State and local education.............. 31 8 7 18 30 29 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 31 30 26 28 23 31 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 55 68 70 64 63 59 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

South........................................... 145 140 132 149 140 149 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Midwest........................................ 68 83 75 77 86 72 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

West............................................ 80 98 63 88 100 93 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment..

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 7,249 10,658 11,476 4.8 6.7 7.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 6,565 9,728 10,590 5.1 7.2 7.7

Mining and logging............................................... 24 41 39 3.8 6.0 5.7

Construction....................................................... 252 337 420 3.3 4.2 5.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 540 950 1,010 4.3 7.1 7.5

Durable goods.................................................. 303 580 588 3.9 7.0 7.0

Nondurable goods............................................. 237 370 423 4.9 7.3 8.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,360 2,154 2,184 4.8 7.3 7.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 176 321 329 3.0 5.3 5.4

Retail trade..................................................... 907 1,182 1,241 5.7 7.2 7.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 278 652 614 4.3 9.2 8.6

Information........................................................ 124 169 194 4.5 5.7 6.5

Financial activities................................................ 341 428 497 3.7 4.6 5.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 253 322 358 3.7 4.7 5.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 88 106 139 3.8 4.4 5.6

Professional and business services............................ 1,333 1,827 1,925 6.1 7.9 8.2

Education and health services.................................. 1,434 1,894 2,092 5.8 7.4 8.0

Educational services.......................................... 120 126 180 3.3 3.4 4.6

Health care and social assistance........................... 1,314 1,768 1,911 6.2 8.1 8.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 862 1,520 1,759 6.0 9.0 10.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 93 161 169 5.0 6.8 7.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 770 1,359 1,590 6.1 9.3 10.7

Other services.................................................... 294 408 470 5.1 6.7 7.5

Government.......................................................... 685 930 886 3.0 4.1 3.8

Federal............................................................. 91 129 131 3.0 4.3 4.4

State and local.................................................... 594 800 755 3.0 4.0 3.8

State and local education..................................... 220 202 272 2.1 2.0 2.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 374 598 482 4.0 6.2 5.1

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,246 1,812 1,835 4.5 6.3 6.3

South................................................................. 2,823 4,093 4,517 5.1 7.0 7.6

Midwest............................................................... 1,552 2,362 2,600 4.8 6.9 7.5

West.................................................................. 1,628 2,390 2,523 4.6 6.5 6.7

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 6,481 6,621 6,858 4.5 4.5 4.6

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 6,160 6,242 6,525 5.1 5.0 5.1

Mining and logging............................................... 21 19 28 3.6 2.9 4.2

Construction....................................................... 420 354 398 5.6 4.6 5.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 390 500 502 3.2 4.0 4.0

Durable goods.................................................. 227 272 279 3.0 3.5 3.6

Nondurable goods............................................. 163 228 223 3.5 4.8 4.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,532 1,419 1,537 5.7 5.2 5.5

Wholesale trade................................................ 150 184 176 2.7 3.2 3.1

Retail trade..................................................... 927 897 1,043 6.1 5.9 6.7

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 455 338 318 7.4 5.3 4.9

Information........................................................ 136 112 152 5.1 4.0 5.4

Financial activities................................................ 277 297 235 3.2 3.4 2.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 170 221 146 2.6 3.4 2.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 107 76 88 4.8 3.3 3.8

Professional and business services............................ 1,170 1,221 1,330 5.7 5.8 6.2

Education and health services.................................. 818 907 905 3.5 3.8 3.8

Educational services.......................................... 91 118 113 2.6 3.3 3.0

Health care and social assistance........................... 727 788 792 3.7 3.9 3.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,144 1,154 1,201 8.4 7.5 7.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 128 151 139 7.3 6.8 6.4

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,016 1,003 1,062 8.6 7.6 8.0

Other services.................................................... 251 260 239 4.6 4.5 4.1

Government.......................................................... 320 379 333 1.5 1.7 1.5

Federal............................................................. 50 47 48 1.7 1.6 1.7

State and local.................................................... 270 333 285 1.4 1.7 1.5

State and local education..................................... 130 166 135 1.3 1.6 1.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 141 166 150 1.6 1.9 1.7

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,017 1,079 1,057 3.9 4.0 3.9

South................................................................. 2,610 2,644 2,782 4.9 4.9 5.1

Midwest............................................................... 1,293 1,377 1,397 4.2 4.3 4.3

West.................................................................. 1,560 1,521 1,621 4.6 4.4 4.6

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 5,508 6,544 6,027 3.8 4.4 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 4,996 6,131 5,665 4.1 4.9 4.5

Mining and logging............................................... 20 14 23 3.4 2.2 3.5

Construction....................................................... 374 337 362 5.0 4.4 4.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 373 475 434 3.1 3.8 3.5

Durable goods.................................................. 214 256 231 2.8 3.3 3.0

Nondurable goods............................................. 159 220 203 3.5 4.6 4.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,138 1,258 1,195 4.2 4.6 4.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 139 173 170 2.5 3.0 3.0

Retail trade..................................................... 721 850 836 4.8 5.6 5.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 278 235 188 4.5 3.7 2.9

Information........................................................ 74 99 99 2.8 3.6 3.5

Financial activities................................................ 206 270 190 2.4 3.0 2.1

Finance and insurance........................................ 129 210 117 2.0 3.2 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 77 60 73 3.5 2.6 3.1

Professional and business services............................ 1,045 1,162 1,163 5.1 5.5 5.4

Education and health services.................................. 683 816 765 2.9 3.5 3.2

Educational services.......................................... 57 95 69 1.6 2.7 1.8

Health care and social assistance........................... 626 722 695 3.1 3.6 3.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 937 1,373 1,223 6.9 8.9 7.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 160 230 215 9.1 10.4 9.9

Accommodation and food services.......................... 777 1,143 1,008 6.6 8.7 7.6

Other services.................................................... 145 326 212 2.6 5.7 3.7

Government.......................................................... 512 414 362 2.3 1.9 1.6

Federal............................................................. 199 44 51 6.7 1.5 1.8

State and local.................................................... 313 370 311 1.6 1.9 1.6

State and local education..................................... 152 177 136 1.5 1.8 1.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 161 193 175 1.8 2.2 2.0

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 888 1,053 940 3.4 3.9 3.5

South................................................................. 2,182 2,546 2,435 4.1 4.7 4.4

Midwest............................................................... 1,243 1,449 1,273 4.0 4.5 3.9

West.................................................................. 1,195 1,496 1,381 3.6 4.3 4.0

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 3,450 4,621 4,276 2.4 3.1 2.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,239 4,386 4,056 2.7 3.5 3.2

Mining and logging............................................... 9 10 16 1.6 1.6 2.4

Construction....................................................... 149 210 196 2.0 2.7 2.6

Manufacturing..................................................... 242 346 311 2.0 2.8 2.5

Durable goods.................................................. 127 186 165 1.7 2.4 2.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 115 160 145 2.5 3.4 3.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 781 994 944 2.9 3.6 3.4

Wholesale trade................................................ 98 133 126 1.8 2.3 2.2

Retail trade..................................................... 528 699 698 3.5 4.6 4.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 155 161 120 2.5 2.5 1.8

Information........................................................ 40 50 51 1.5 1.8 1.8

Financial activities................................................ 129 150 120 1.5 1.7 1.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 81 116 67 1.2 1.8 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 48 33 54 2.2 1.4 2.3

Professional and business services............................ 655 742 788 3.2 3.5 3.7

Education and health services.................................. 519 642 605 2.2 2.7 2.5

Educational services.......................................... 35 72 52 1.0 2.0 1.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 483 570 553 2.4 2.8 2.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 617 1,058 893 4.5 6.9 5.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 55 133 87 3.1 6.0 4.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 563 925 806 4.7 7.0 6.1

Other services.................................................... 98 185 133 1.8 3.2 2.3

Government.......................................................... 210 234 220 1.0 1.1 1.0

Federal............................................................. 33 23 24 1.1 0.8 0.8

State and local.................................................... 178 211 196 0.9 1.1 1.0

State and local education..................................... 90 119 87 0.9 1.2 0.8

State and local, excluding education........................ 88 92 108 1.0 1.0 1.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 465 684 589 1.8 2.5 2.2

South................................................................. 1,511 1,812 1,783 2.9 3.3 3.3

Midwest............................................................... 756 1,004 927 2.4 3.1 2.9

West.................................................................. 718 1,122 977 2.1 3.2 2.8

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 1,738 1,533 1,392 1.2 1.0 0.9

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,496 1,417 1,316 1.2 1.1 1.0

Mining and logging............................................... 10 2 5 1.7 0.3 0.8

Construction....................................................... 213 110 150 2.8 1.4 2.0

Manufacturing..................................................... 109 109 104 0.9 0.9 0.8

Durable goods.................................................. 75 61 53 1.0 0.8 0.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 34 48 51 0.7 1.0 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 290 202 207 1.1 0.7 0.7

Wholesale trade................................................ 32 30 39 0.6 0.5 0.7

Retail trade..................................................... 159 121 118 1.1 0.8 0.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 98 50 51 1.6 0.8 0.8

Information........................................................ 31 40 40 1.2 1.4 1.4

Financial activities................................................ 46 48 30 0.5 0.5 0.3

Finance and insurance........................................ 18 28 15 0.3 0.4 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 28 20 15 1.3 0.9 0.6

Professional and business services............................ 328 366 299 1.6 1.7 1.4

Education and health services.................................. 134 136 122 0.6 0.6 0.5

Educational services.......................................... 19 18 14 0.5 0.5 0.4

Health care and social assistance........................... 115 119 108 0.6 0.6 0.5

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 293 286 298 2.2 1.9 1.9

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 104 92 124 5.9 4.2 5.7

Accommodation and food services.......................... 189 194 174 1.6 1.5 1.3

Other services.................................................... 41 117 61 0.8 2.1 1.1

Government.......................................................... 242 116 76 1.1 0.5 0.3

Federal............................................................. 154 8 11 5.2 0.3 0.4

State and local.................................................... 88 108 65 0.5 0.6 0.3

State and local education..................................... 42 28 26 0.4 0.3 0.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 47 80 38 0.5 0.9 0.4

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 373 299 293 1.4 1.1 1.1

South................................................................. 539 596 505 1.0 1.1 0.9

Midwest............................................................... 425 356 280 1.4 1.1 0.9

West.................................................................. 402 282 314 1.2 0.8 0.9

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Oct.

2020

Sept.

2021

Oct.

2021p

Total..................................................................... 320 390 359 0.2 0.3 0.2

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 261 327 293 0.2 0.3 0.2

Mining and logging............................................... 1 2 2 0.1 0.3 0.4

Construction....................................................... 12 17 16 0.2 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 22 21 20 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 12 9 13 0.2 0.1 0.2

Nondurable goods............................................. 10 11 7 0.2 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 68 62 43 0.3 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade................................................ 8 9 5 0.2 0.2 0.1

Retail trade..................................................... 34 30 20 0.2 0.2 0.1

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 25 24 18 0.4 0.4 0.3

Information........................................................ 2 9 8 0.1 0.3 0.3

Financial activities................................................ 31 72 40 0.4 0.8 0.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 30 65 35 0.5 1.0 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 1 6 4 0.1 0.3 0.2

Professional and business services............................ 62 54 75 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 30 37 39 0.1 0.2 0.2

Educational services.......................................... 3 5 4 0.1 0.1 0.1

Health care and social assistance........................... 27 33 35 0.1 0.2 0.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 27 29 33 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 2 5 4 0.1 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 25 23 29 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services.................................................... 6 24 18 0.1 0.4 0.3

Government.......................................................... 59 63 66 0.3 0.3 0.3

Federal............................................................. 13 12 16 0.4 0.4 0.5

State and local.................................................... 47 51 50 0.2 0.3 0.3

State and local education..................................... 20 30 23 0.2 0.3 0.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 27 22 28 0.3 0.2 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 51 70 57 0.2 0.3 0.2

South................................................................. 133 138 147 0.3 0.3 0.3

Midwest............................................................... 63 89 66 0.2 0.3 0.2

West.................................................................. 73 93 90 0.2 0.3 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.