# Patent

## Title
Ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus and ultrasonic diagnosis method

## Abstract

An automated qualitative image quality method is used for an ultrasound imaging system. Initially, an impulse response of the system is determined. The impulse response is used with a cystic filling determination to achieve automated qualitative image quality for the ultrasound imaging system. The impulse response of the system is determined using a wire-in-water test. That is, a wire target is put in a water tank. Next, a transducer is set to be perpendicular to the axis of the wire, to get a cross-section of the wire. Sound waves are transmitted and reflected echoes are received at different gain settings. Curve fitting techniques are then used to form a system beam profile. Finally, acoustic peak to noise and detail resolution qualitative image quality measurements are made using the system beam profile. The cystic filling of the system is determined by defining a first region of interest in a darkened region of an image and a second region of interest in a surrounding region of the image. Collected data is then used to calculate a cystic filling measurement.

## Background
The present invention relates to ultrasound imaging and, more particularly, to an automated image quality assessment technique for ultrasound imaging systems.

Ultrasound imaging systems generate ultrasonic echoes from deliberately launched diagnostic sound waves into tissue. The ultrasonic echoes are attenuated in proportion to the distance that the sound waves must travel to reach the reflector, plus the distance that the resulting echoes must travel back to reach the receiver. The ultrasounds are displayed on a screen, providing medical information for the operator.

Assessing the image quality of Ultrasound images has been a subjective science at best. What seems like a "good" quality image to one doctor may be described as a "poor" quality image to another. The subjective nature of image quality has also made it difficult to accurately judge the variation of image quality of a system over time. To overcome the subjective nature of image quality assessment, the principle of Quantitative Image Quality (QIQ) has been developed to correspond measurable numbers to the quality of an image. Generally, there are three characteristics of image quality that QIQ measures-Acoustic Peak To Noise (Signal-to-Noise), Detail Resolution (20 dBWidth) and Cystic Clearing (Contrast Resolution). To date, the means of measuring these quantities has been time-consuming and cumbersome. First, an engineer acquires many sets data from an Ultrasound image, via a "screen-grabber" or other off-line tool. The settings of the Ultrasound system to be set precisely in order to ensure that accurate data was collected. Once the raw data is collected, the data is analyzed and interpreted (again by off-line tools), finally producing the QIQ numbers from the manipulated data. This entire process, requiring the expertise of a very knowledgeable Ultrasound engineer, is a lengthy process.

It is seen then that it would be desirable to be able to automatically, using only the Ultrasound machine and a phantom, determine QIQ statistics in a quick and accurate manner.

The present invention provides for the ability to automatically determine QIQ statistics in a quick and accurate manner. Automated QIQ tools will allow for quick, objective and accurate assessment of image quality by virtually anyone, including system developers, manufacturers and service engineers. Periodic QIQ image assessment can also be used to keep a "health" history of the machine. The difficult task of automating QIQ measurements lie in making the software algorithms perform exactly as a human would, including making the same judgements as a human would when manipulating the data.

In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, an automated qualitative image quality method is used for an ultrasound imaging system. Initially, an impulse response of the system is determined. The impulse response is used with a cystic filling determination to achieve automated qualitative image quality for the ultrasound imaging system. The impulse response of the system is determined using a wire-in-water test. That is, a wire target is put in a water tank. Next, a transducer is set to be perpendicular to the axis of the wire, to get a cross-section of the wire. Sound waves are transmitted and reflected echoes are received at different gain settings. Curve fitting techniques are then used to form a system beam profile. Finally, acoustic peak to noise and detail resolution qualitative image quality measurements are made using the system beam profile. The cystic filling of the system is determined by defining a first region of interest in a darkened region of an image and a second region of interest in a surrounding region of the image. Collected data is then used to calculate a cystic filling measurement.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide automated qualitative image quality for ultrasound images. It is another object of the present invention to provide QIQ which is accurate and reliable. It is a further object of the present invention to provide accurate QIQ quickly.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description, the accompanying drawings and the appended claims.

FIG. 1 illustrates a graphical representation of a beam profile at varying gains, to provide raw data;

FIG. 2 illustrates a graphical representation of a final beam profile for determining system impulse responding in accordance with the present invention; and

FIG. 3 illustrates cystic clearing determinations for the system in accordance with the present invention.

The present invention provides for the ability to automatically, using only the ultrasound machine and a phantom, determine QIQ statistics in a quick and accurate manner. The phantom is representative of an ultrasound imaging system for imitating an actual ultrasound imaging system. The automated QIQ technique according to the present invention allows for quick, objective and accurate assessment of image quality by virtually anyone, including system developers, manufacturers and service engineers. Periodic QIQ image assessment can also be used to keep a "health" history of the machine. The automated QIQ technique of the present invention is unique in that it performs exactly as a human would, including making the same judgements as a human would when manipulating the data.

The design for automating QIQ is heavily influenced by the need for accurate and reliable data. The Ultrasound system parameters are first set to a known, fixed state. After the user positions a phantom used in conjunction with the test, all system controls are locked so that the user can not cause any deviations from the fixed settings of the system. The combination of setting the machine to a fixed state and locking out operator controls allow the QIQ measurements to be accurately reproduced and compared from test-to-test on a particular system and between systems. Data is then automatically collected by the Ultrasound machine.

In the case of acoustic peak to noise and detail resolution, a "beam profile" 10 is generated by insonifying a wire-in-water phantom and collecting the returned echoes at multiple gain. settings, as best illustrated in FIG. 1. Data sets 12, 14, 16, 18 that were acquired at varying gain ranges are then manipulated using curve-fitting techniques, such as is defined by the following algorithm. The method of the present invention is carried out by means of a programmed computer of conventional design. An appropriate source code listing for effecting this method, and forming a final system beam profile 20, as illustrated in FIG. 2, follows. ##SPC1##

From the overall system beam profile 20, acoustic peak to noise and detail resolution QIQ measurements can be determined. Data collection is then acquired for a cystic clearing QIQ measurement using an appropriate source code listing, such as that following. /* *$$ compute.sub.-- b.sub.-- cystic.sub.-- data * DESCRIPTION: This procedure will calculate a dB value for *           an ROI based on the b mode mean grey *           value of the ROI passed to this routine. * ALGORITHM: * * OPERATOR FEEDBACK: * * GLOBAL VARIABLES: * Name      Description (Read/Write) * *$! * SPECIAL TEST CONSIDERATIONS BEYOND UNIT TEST: * * TEST PROCESS: *$END $! * *$$ * AUTHOR     DATE         COMMENT * D. Kurzynski 20-JUL-94    Created Routine * *$END &@ */ void compute.sub.-- b.sub.-- cystic.sub.-- data( /* Calculate dB values for ROI */ INT16 *dyn.sub.-- range.sub.-- b.sub.-- /* Dynamic range input */ skey, float mean,        /* Mean value for ROI */ float *db.sub.-- value /* Returned db value for ROI */ } /*$END $$ */ { float  coef.sub.-- a; /* Coefficient storage variables. */ float  coef.sub.-- b; /* Coefficient storage variables. */ float  coef.sub.-- c; /* Coefficient storage variables. */ double temp.sub.-- var; /* Temporary calculation variable. */ int    dyn.sub.-- index; /* Loop index        */ /* Init index to find dynamic range parameters from table. */ dyn.sub.-- index = 0; /* Loop through dynamic range table until current setting found. */ while { {(dyn.sub.-- index < DYN.sub.-- RNG.sub.-- MAX.sub.-- SIZE} && (dyn.sub.-- rng.sub.-- coef.sub.-- tbl.rec[dyn.sub.-- index] .dyn.sub.-- rng ! = *dyn.sub.-- range.sub.-- b.sub.-- skey) ) { dyn.sub.-- index++; } /* Store current dynamic range table settings. */ coef.sub.-- a = dyn.sub.-- rng.sub.-- coef.sub.-- tbl.rec [dyn.sub.-- index].coef.sub.-- a; coef.sub.-- b = dyn.sub.-- rng.sub.-- coef.sub.-- tbl.rec [dyn.sub.-- index].coef.sub.-- b; coef.sub.-- c = dyn.sub.-- rng.sub.-- coef.sub.-- tbl.rec [dyn.sub.-- index].coef.sub.-- c; /* Convert from pixel to db. */ temp.sub.-- var = {mean - ocef.sub.-- a}/coef.sub.-- b; temp.sub.-- var = pow ( (double)10, (double) (temp.sub.-- var) ) - coef.sub.-- c: *db.sub.-- value = (float)(20 * log10(temp.sub.-- var) ); return; } ______________________________________

As illustrated in FIG. 3, an ultrasound image 22 is displayed on a screen. A clinician places two Regions of Interest (R.O.I.) 24 and 26 on the image. One region 24 is placed in a "cyst" (darkened region simulating a blood vessel) of the phantom, and the other region 26 is placed in the surrounding "tissue" region (lighter region) of the phantom. The data is then collected, converted to appropriate units and a cystic clearing measurement is calculated. The object is to determine how much echo is received from the dark region 24, as opposed to the lighter region 26, by calculating the ratio of signals between the two.

The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be understood that modifications and variations can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention.

## Claims

1. An automated qualitative image quality method for an ultrasound imaging system comprising the steps of: target to imitate the ultrasound imaging system; display a cross-section of the wire, quality measurements using the system beam profile; improved image quality for the ultrasound imaging system.

2. An method for improving image quality for an ultrasound imaging system comprising the steps of: target to imitate the ultrasound imaging system; of the system including the steps of multiple gain settings; and automated qualitative image quality for the ultrasound imaging system.