TEXT
Table 1. Selected industries in the manufacturing sector:  Percent change in output per hour
Table 1. Selected industries in the manufacturing sector:  Percent change in output per hour (Continued)
Table 1. Selected industries in the manufacturing sector:  Percent change in output per hour  (Continued)
Table 2. Selected industries in the nonmanufacturing sector: Percent change in output per hour
Table 2. Selected industries in the nonmanufacturing sector: Percent change in output per hour (Continued)
Table 3. Selected industries: Average annual rates of change in output per hour
Table 3. Selected industries: Average annual rates of change in output per hour(Continued)
Table 3. Selected industries: Average annual rates of change in output per hour(Continued)
Table 3. Selected industries: Average annual rates of change in output per hour  (Continued)
Table 3. Selected industries: Average annual rates of change in output per hour  (Continued)
Table 3. Selected industries: Average annual rates of change in output per hour (Continued)

1
 

 Historical, technical                        USDL 96-15
     information:          (202) 606-5618      FOR RELEASE: 10:00 a.m. EST
  Media contact:           (202) 606-5902      Tuesday, January 30, 1996
 
 
 
 
                      PRODUCTIVITY BY INDUSTRY, 1993 AND 1994
 
 
 
     The Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported
today on labor productivity changes in 1993 and 1994 for selected industries
in the U.S. economy.  Labor productivity--as measured by output per employee
hour--has been updated through 1993 for nearly all of the industries measured
by BLS.  Additionally, most of the measures in the nonmanufacturing sector,
which includes mining, transportation, communications, utilities, trade, and
services, have been updated to 1994.
 
 
  Manufacturing
 
     In the manufacturing sector, labor productivity increased in 1993 in 77
of the 104 industries measured.  Productivity rose in 1992 in 80 of those same
industries.  (1994 productivity data are not available for the manufacturing
sector.  See note on page 3.) In motor vehicles and equipment, output per hour
advanced by 1.2 percent in 1993, following an 8.0 percent gain in 1992.  The
aircraft industry also recorded a much smaller increase in labor productivity
(0.5 percent) in 1993 compared with 1992 (8.6 percent).  In contrast, the
steel industry posted a higher rate of productivity growth in 1993 than in the
preceding year; output per hour jumped by 12.3 percent in 1993, after growing
by 8.8 percent the year before.  (See table 1.)
 
 
  Transportation, communications and utilities
 
     Among the four industries in transportation, communications, and
utilities updated to 1994, productivity advanced in all except one.  (See
table 2.) In the previous year, all four of those industries had productivity
gains.  The rates of productivity change in 1994 were 5.9 percent in electric
utilities, 1.8 percent in air transportation, 0.9 percent in telephone
communications, and -4.5 percent in gas utilities.
 
 
                               -2-
 
 Trade
 
     Productivity grew in 1994 in 13 of the 20 industries that BLS measures in
the trade sector, compared with 12 in 1993.  The trade sector included the
three industries with the highest productivity increases in 1994 among all of
the measured industries:  Men's and boys' clothing stores (19.4 percent),
radio, television and computer stores (15.1 percent), and household appliance
stores (10.2 percent).  The biggest drop in output per hour in 1994 also
occurred in one of the trade industries--variety stores, which registered a
decline of 8.9 percent.
 Services
     The three industries in services with 1994 data available each recorded a
substantial productivity increase from the previous year.  The productivity
growth rates were 7.6 percent in automotive repair shops, 4.3 percent in
beauty shops, and 3.3 percent in hotels and motels.  Among the three
industries, only automotive repair shops had experienced growth in labor
productivity in 1993.
 
 Mining
 
 
     Of the four mining industries updated to 1994, three  posted  a  rise  in
output  per  hour.  Each of those four industries had recorded a gain in 1993.
The largest productivity increase in mining in 1994 was in crude petroleum and
natural gas production, which registered a jump of 6.2 percent.
 
 
  New Industry
 
 
     Statistics on labor productivity were  developed  for  the  miscellaneous
shopping  goods industry, a retail trade industry that includes sporting goods
and  bicycle  shops,  book  stores,  and  jewelry  stores.    In   1994,   the
miscellaneous  shopping  goods  industry,  which  employs over 800,000 people,
experienced a gain in output per hour of 1.6 percent.  The  increase  resulted
from  a  rise in output of 4.1 percent and an increase in hours of all persons
of 2.5 percent.  From 1977 to 1994, labor productivity in the industry climbed
by 1.3 percent per year on average.
 Additional Measures
 
 
     Tables 1 and 2 contain year-to-year changes in labor productivity for
distinct industries.  In addition, BLS measures productivity for broader
industries; long-term trends for all 176 industries are shown in table 3.
     In the past, BLS has published a second set of productivity measures for
three industries (SICs 101, 102, and 4011) that were calculated with
alternative measures of output.  These measures are no longer published, but
are available upon request.
 
 
                               -3-
 
 Revisions
 
 
     Earlier this year, BLS adopted a new methodology for computing output
indexes for its measures of industry labor productivity.  Previously, output
indexes had been computed utilizing base-year employee-hour weights to
aggregate products of the industry.  In the new methodology, an index of
industry output is developed by computing a weighted average of the growth
rates of the various industry products between two time periods, with weights
based on the products' shares in industry value of production in the two
periods.  For a complete discussion of the method, see BLS modernizes industry
labor productivity program, in the July 1995 Monthly Labor Review.  The new
procedure was used to revise historical industry labor productivity indexes,
as well as to generate the latest productivity statistics.  However, most of
the revisions to long-term productivity trends were small.
     Indexes of productivity by industry also have been revised from 1987
forward to reflect the incorporation of data from the 1992 Economic Censuses.
As a result of the new methodology and data, most of the industry labor
productivity indexes in BLS Bulletin 2461, Productivity Measures for Selected
Industries and Government Services, published in May 1995, have been revised.
The revised series can be obtained in several forms:  Data printouts
(202-606-5618), data diskettes (202-606-7789), or from the World Wide Web
(http://stats.bls.gov).
 
 Future Update
 
 
     Measures of labor productivity for manufacturing industries have been
updated only to 1993 because BLS has not yet received data from the Census
Bureau's 1994 Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM).  Currently, BLS anticipates
receiving the ASM data in the next few months and then releasing 1994
productivity indexes for manufacturing industries shortly thereafter.
 
Federal Productivity Measurement
 
 
     BLS is terminating the Federal Productivity Measurement Program, due to
budget reductions.  This program measured productivity in 60 federal
government agencies, covering approximately two-thirds of the federal
executive branch civilian work force.  The final publication of results from
the program-- covering fiscal years 1967-94--will occur early in 1996.
 
 
                               -4-
 
 Notes
 
     The productivity measures in this release describe the relationship
between output and the labor time involved in its production.  They show the
changes from period to period in the amount of goods and services produced per
hour.  Although these measures relate output to hours of employees or all
persons engaged in an industry, they do not measure the specific contribution
of labor, capital, or any other factor of production.  Rather, they reflect
the joint effects of many influences, including changes in technology; capital
investment; level of output; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials;
the organization of production; managerial skill; and the characteristics and
effort of the workforce.
     Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request.  Voice phone:  202-606-7828, TDD phone:
202-606-5897, TDD message referral phone number:  1-800-326-2577.
Table 1. Selected industries in the manufacturing sector:  Percent change in output per hour
 
 
 SIC Code                        Industry                    1991-92  1992-93
 
 
 2011           Meat packing plants                               7.6      0.7
 2013           Sausages and other prepared meats                12.6      0.5
 2015           Poultry dressing and processing                   6.8     -0.3
 2022           Cheese, natural and processed                     9.6      3.0
 2026           Fluid milk                                       -0.3      2.7
 2033           Canned fruits and vegetables                     -0.9      5.0
 2037           Frozen fruits and vegetables                     -0.4      6.7
 2041           Flour and other grain mill products               4.2      9.2
 2043           Cereal breakfast foods                           -2.7     -3.6
 2044           Rice milling                                      3.0     n.a.
 2046           Wet corn milling                                  2.5     10.0
 2047,48        Prepared feeds for animals and fowls              0.8      1.9
 205            Bakery products                                  -0.6      1.0
 2061,62        Raw and refined cane sugar                        1.3      4.9
 2063           Beet sugar                                        8.3      3.7
 2082           Malt beverages                                    6.7      5.2
 2086           Bottled and canned soft drinks                    6.7      0.3
 2092           Fresh or frozen prepared fish                     8.9      4.6
 211,3          Cigarettes, chewing and smoking tobacco           2.3    -10.4
 221,2          Cotton and synthetic broadwoven fabrics           2.0      6.2
 2251,52        Hosiery                                           5.6     -3.8
 2281           Yarn spinning mills                               6.0      5.2
 231            Men's and boys' suits and coats                  12.0      6.4
 2421           Sawmills and planing mills, general               5.7     -6.8
 2426           Hardwood dimension and flooring mills             6.7      4.9
 2431           Millwork                                         -2.5     -0.7
 2434           Wood kitchen cabinets                            10.4      8.4
 2435           Hardwood veneer and plywood                      11.6      2.4
 2436           Softwood veneer and plywood                      -4.5     -5.3
 244            Wood containers                                  -3.3     -8.6
 2511,17        Wood household furniture                          4.9      6.4
 2512           Upholstered household furniture                   4.4      5.8
 2514           Metal household furniture                         3.2     10.4
 2515           Mattresses and bedsprings                        -0.4     -0.4
 2521           Wood office furniture                             6.4     -0.1
 2522           Office furniture, except wood                     2.0      0.3
 261,2,3        Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills                 2.1     -0.1
 2653           Corrugated and solid fiber boxes                  1.1      3.5
 2657           Folding paperboard boxes                          5.5      1.3
 2673,74        Paper and plastic bags                            5.7     -2.0
Table 1. Selected industries in the manufacturing sector:  Percent change in output per hour (Continued)
 
 
 2812           Alkalies and chlorine                             2.7      -5.0
 2816           Inorganic pigments                               10.0       0.1
 2819 (part)    Industrial inorganic chemicals, n.e.c.            3.1       5.6
 2823,24        Synthetic fibers                                  2.3      13.2
 2841           Soaps and detergents                             -8.0      -2.2
 2844           Cosmetics and other toiletries                    5.3       0.6
 285            Paints and allied products                       -1.3       2.7
 2869           Industrial organic chemicals, n.e.c.             -0.2      -3.5
 2873           Nitrogeneous fertilizers                          4.1       5.0
 2874           Phosphatic fertilizers                           -1.2       0.3
 2875           Fertilizers, mixing only                         12.0      10.1
 2879           Agricultural chemicals, n.e.c.                    6.2       2.5
 291            Petroleum refining                                4.4       7.9
 301            Tires and inner tubes                             5.3       8.1
 3052           Rubber and plastics hose and belting             11.8       5.9
 308            Miscellaneous plastics products, n.e.c.          13.0       1.9
 314            Footwear , except rubber                          0.4       4.3
 3221           Glass containers                                  3.1      -4.9
 324            Cement, hydraulic                                 6.3       4.2
 3251,53,59     Clay construction products                        2.6       3.8
 3255           Clay refractories                                 2.5      -2.5
 3271,72        Concrete products                                -0.8       5.9
 3273           Ready-mixed concrete                              2.4      -1.4
 331            Steel                                             8.8      12.3
 3321           Gray and ductile iron foundries                   8.0       5.2
 3324,25        Steel foundries                                   2.9       5.1
 3331           Primary copper                                  -14.6      18.4
 3334           Primary aluminum                                 -0.8      -3.6
 3351           Copper rolling and drawing                       -3.6       6.5
 3353,54,55     Aluminum rolling and drawing                      6.3      -2.3
 3411           Metal cans                                        6.0       3.8
 3423           Hand and edge tools, n.e.c.                       0.8       0.0
 3433           Heating equipment, except electric                2.6       0.7
 3441           Fabricated structural metal                       5.3       4.4
 3442           Metal doors, sash, and trim                      10.1      -2.5
 3452           Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers                 -3.3       0.9
 3465           Automotive stampings                              9.5       6.1
 3469           Metal stampings, n.e.c.                           3.6       6.1
 3491,92,94     Valves and pipe fittings                         -0.5       3.8
 3498           Fabricated pipe and fittings                     -3.4       2.6
 3519           Internal combustion engines, n.e.c.               1.5       4.2
 3523           Farm machinery and equipment                     -3.3       3.9
 3524           Lawn and garden equipment                        15.4       5.6
 3531           Construction machinery                            0.3       8.6
Table 1. Selected industries in the manufacturing sector:  Percent change in output per hour  (Continued)
 
 
 3532            Mining machinery                                  0.9      n.a.
 
 3533            Oil and gas field machinery                      14.2      -3.1
 3541            Metal cutting machine tools                      14.8      -1.5
 3542            Metal forming machine tools                      11.5      11.9
 3545            Machine tool accessories                        -10.7       3.3
 3561,94         Pumps and pumping equipment                      -2.7       6.4
 3562            Ball and roller bearings                          9.5       6.1
 3563            Air and gas compressors                           4.2      -0.9
 3585            Refrigeration and heating equipment               3.8       3.8
 3592            Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves          15.0       7.9
 3612            Transformers, except electronic                  12.9      -2.1
 3613            Switchgear and switchboard apparatus              9.0       7.4
 3621            Motors and generators                             5.6       9.2
 3631            Household cooking equipment                      -4.5       2.8
 3632            Household refrigerators and freezers              2.9       0.7
 3633            Household laundry equipment                       4.2      n.a.
 3639            Household appliances, n.e.c.                     13.1      n.a.
 3641            Electric lamp bulbs and tubes                    11.4     -10.5
 3645,46,47,48   Lighting fixtures and equipment                   5.4       4.9
 3651            Household audio and video equipment              10.6       7.3
 371             Motor vehicles and equipment                      8.0       1.2
 3721            Aircraft                                          8.6       0.5
 3825            Instruments to measure electricity                9.9       3.2
 386             Photographic equipment and supplies               5.7       8.6


 n.a.=not available
Table 2. Selected industries in the nonmanufacturing sector: Percent change in output per hour
 
 
 SIC Code                        Industry                    1991-92   1992-93 1993-94
 
 
                                  Mining
 
 101            Iron mining, usable ore                          -2.0       4.3   -5.4
 102            Copper mining, recoverable metal                 14.6       2.5    4.7
 12             Coal mining                                       8.7       9.6    3.4
 131            Crude petroleum and natural gas production        4.3       4.3    6.2
 14             Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels                4.3       1.3   n.a.


                              Transportation
 4011           Railroad transportation, revenue traffic          5.5      n.a.   n.a.
 4512,13,22     Air transportation (1)                            4.7       7.2    1.8
 (parts)
 4612,13        Petroleum pipelines                               1.2       4.2   n.a.


                                 Utilities
 481            Telephone communication                           6.6       5.3    0.9
 491,3 (part)   Electric utilities                                1.6       4.7    5.9
 492,3 (part)   Gas utilities                                     1.4      10.2   -4.5
Table 2. Selected industries in the nonmanufacturing sector: Percent change in output per hour (Continued)
 
 
                                 Trade (2)
 5093           Scrap and waste materials                         2.8       7.6   -2.6
 525            Hardware stores                                   4.6      -0.5    6.9
 531            Department stores                                 3.1       3.8    3.3
 533            Variety stores                                    8.7       1.6   -8.9
 541            Grocery stores                                   -0.4      -0.6   -1.1
 546            Retail bakeries                                  -0.7      -8.5    2.1
 551            New and used car dealers                          2.2       1.1    1.4
 553            Auto and home supply stores                       0.0       0.0    2.5
 554            Gasoline service stations                         5.2       2.5    2.3
 561            Men's and boys' clothing stores                  -1.1      -0.6   19.4
 562            Women's clothing stores                           8.6       5.0   -0.3
 565            Family clothing stores                            5.1      -0.6    4.6
 566            Shoe stores                                       6.1      -0.6    6.3
 571            Furniture and homefurnishings stores              6.9       0.3   -0.2
 572            Household appliance stores                        8.3       0.6   10.2
 573            Radio, television, and computer stores           10.7       9.6   15.1
 58             Eating and drinking places                       -0.7       0.7    0.7
 591            Drug stores and proprietary stores               -1.1       1.1   -1.0
 592            Liquor stores                                     2.4      -7.3   -3.8
 594            Miscellaneous shopping goods stores              -1.4       3.3    1.6


                         Finance and services (2)
 602            Commercial banks                                  4.4      10.8   n.a.
 701            Hotels and motels                                 8.7      -1.0    3.3
 721            Laundry, cleaning, and garment services           1.0      -0.2   n.a.
 723            Beauty shops                                      5.2      -3.8    4.3
 753            Automotive repair shops                           4.7       0.3    7.6


 n.a.=not available

 (1) Output per employee is used for SIC 4512,13,11 (parts).

 (2) Output per hour of all persons is used for all trade and services industries except
     SIC 531 and SIC 551.
Table 3. Selected industries: Average annual rates of change in output per hour
 
 
 SIC Code                        Industry                    1973-93           1973-79        1979-90       1990-93
 
 
                                  Mining
 
 101            Iron mining, usable ore                           2.7              0.0             5.2            -0.6
 102            Copper mining, recoverable metal                  5.3              2.3             7.1             4.8
 12             Coal mining                                       3.8             -3.8             7.3             7.1
 122            Bituminous coal and lignite mining                3.8             -3.9             7.4             7.2
 131            Crude petroleum and natural gas production       -2.4             -7.3            -1.2             3.2
 14             Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels                0.9              1.1             0.8             0.8
 142            Crushed and broken stone                          1.5              2.2             1.2             1.5


                               Manufacturing
 2011,13        Red meat products                                 1.8              2.6             0.9             3.6
 2011           Meat packing plants                               2.4              2.4             2.1             3.6
 2013           Sausages and other prepared meats                 2.3              5.5             0.2             3.4
 2015           Poultry dressing and processing                   3.7              5.9             2.4             4.0
 202            Dairy products                                    3.2              3.4             3.2             2.9
 2022           Cheese, natural and processed                     2.8              0.7             3.2             5.8
 2026           Fluid milk                                        3.4              4.2             3.6             1.1
 203            Preserved fruits and vegetables                   1.6              1.1             1.7             2.0
 2033           Canned fruits and vegetables                      2.1              1.7             1.9             3.7
 2037           Frozen fruits and vegetables                      1.4              1.5             0.7             4.0
 204            Grain mill products                               3.6              3.9             4.2             1.1
 2041,45        Flour (inc. flour mixes) and other grains         2.2              1.4             2.5             2.2
 2041           Flour and other grain mill products               2.9              2.7             2.6             4.5
 2043           Cereal breakfast foods                            1.9              2.1             2.7            -1.4
 2044           Rice milling                                      2.9 1973-92      2.6             3.8            -1.6 1990-92
 2046           Wet corn milling                                  8.0             11.8             7.5             2.5
 2047,48        Prepared feeds for animals and fowls              3.9              4.3             4.4             1.1
 205            Bakery products                                   0.5              0.3             1.0            -1.3
 2061,62,63     Sugar                                             1.9              2.2             1.4             3.3
 2061,62        Raw and refined cane sugar                        2.0              3.5             1.0             2.9
 2063           Beet sugar                                        2.1              0.5             2.0             5.6
 2082           Malt beverages                                    5.2              6.7             4.9             3.3
 2086           Bottled and canned soft drinks                    5.5              4.6             6.3             4.5
 2092           Fresh or frozen prepared fish                     0.3              0.1            -0.5             3.9
 211,2,3        Tobacco products                                  1.8              3.5             2.4            -3.4
Table 3. Selected industries: Average annual rates of change in output per hour(Continued)
 
 
 211,3          Cigarettes, chewing and smoking tobacco           1.2             2.2             1.8            -2.6
 221,2          Cotton and synthetic broadwoven fabrics           3.9             4.5             3.5             4.6
 2251,52        Hosiery                                           3.1             6.7             1.4             2.5
 2281           Yarn spinning mills                               3.9             3.4             4.2             3.7
 231            Men's and boys' suits and coats                   1.8             4.0             0.3             3.4
 2421           Sawmills and planing mills, general               2.0             1.2             2.9             0.5
 2426           Hardwood dimension and flooring mills             1.4            -0.2             1.3             4.9
 2431           Millwork                                         -0.6            -1.5             0.2            -1.8
 2434           Wood kitchen cabinets                             1.6             1.7             0.5             5.7
 2435,36        Veneer and plywood                                1.8             0.1             3.5            -0.7
 2435           Hardwood veneer and plywood                       1.4            -0.1             1.3             5.0
 2436           Softwood veneer and plywood                       2.1            -0.5             4.7            -1.5
 244            Wood containers                                   1.3 1977-93    -5.3 1977-79     3.9            -3.5
 251            Household furniture                               1.8             0.9             1.5             4.6
 2511,17        Wood household furniture                          1.0            -0.1             0.8             4.2
 2512           Upholstered household furniture                   2.3             2.4             1.6             4.9
 2514           Metal household furniture                         2.4            -0.7             3.3             5.5
 2515           Mattresses and bedsprings                         2.1             3.1             1.8             1.2
 252            Office furniture                                  1.4             2.2             0.9             1.3
 2521           Wood office furniture                             1.3             6.0            -1.7             3.4
 2522           Office furniture, except wood                     1.5             1.4             2.0            -0.3
 261,2,3        Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills                 2.2             2.4             2.6             0.6
 2653           Corrugated and solid fiber boxes                  2.1             3.7             1.3             1.5
 2657           Folding paperboard boxes                          1.6             0.8             1.3             4.0
 2673,74        Paper and plastic bags                            0.1             0.6            -0.2             0.1
 281            Industrial inorganic chemicals                    1.5             0.6             2.2             1.1
 2812           Alkalies and chlorine                             3.9             4.8             5.5            -3.2
 2816           Inorganic pigments                                2.0            -1.1             3.9             1.3
 2819 (part)    Industrial inorganic chemicals, n.e.c.            1.0             0.2             1.6             0.6
 2823,24        Synthetic fibers                                  5.5            10.8             3.0             4.6
 2841           Soaps and detergents                              1.2             0.4             3.1            -4.0
 2844           Cosmetics and other toiletries                    1.0             0.9             0.6             2.8
 285            Paints and allied products                        2.6             4.0             2.6            -0.2
 2869           Industrial organic chemicals, n.e.c.              1.0             4.1             0.5            -3.5
 287            Agricultural chemicals                            2.7             2.5             2.8             2.8
Table 3. Selected industries: Average annual rates of change in output per hour(Continued)
 
 
 2873           Nitrogeneous fertilizers                          3.0             1.8             3.6             3.1
 2874           Phosphatic fertilizers                            2.7             1.5             3.4             2.1
 2875           Fertilizers, mixing only                          2.2             3.4             0.1             7.7
 2879           Agricultural chemicals, n.e.c.                    2.0             2.0             2.1             1.7
 291            Petroleum refining                                1.8            -0.3             2.6             3.2
 301            Tires and inner tubes                             3.7             2.2             4.4             4.2
 3052           Rubber and plastics hose and belting              1.7             0.7             1.9             3.0
 308            Miscellaneous plastics products, n.e.c.           2.4             0.3             2.8             5.0
 314            Footwear, except rubber                           0.4             0.8            -0.1             1.7
 3221           Glass containers                                  1.7             1.8             2.3            -0.5
 324            Cement, hydraulic                                 2.6            -0.6             4.6             2.2
 325            Structural clay products                          1.0             1.1             1.5            -0.7
 3251,53,59     Clay construction products                        1.4             0.1             2.3             0.4
 3251           Brick and structural clay tile                    0.6            -0.5             1.5            -0.4
 3253           Ceramic wall and floor tile                       3.1             2.9             3.5             2.0
 3255           Clay refractories                                 0.9             2.7             0.8            -2.0
 3271,72        Concrete products                                 0.8            -0.2             1.1             2.0
 3273           Ready-mixed concrete                             -0.1            -0.5             0.3            -0.9
 331            Steel                                             3.7             0.4             4.8             6.2
 3321           Gray and ductile iron foundries                   1.1             0.2             1.1             2.7
 3324,25        Steel foundries                                  -0.3            -0.2            -0.8             1.7
 3325           Steel foundries, n.e.c.                           0.5            -0.1             0.5             2.2
 3331           Primary copper                                    4.9             3.8             6.9            -0.3
 3334           Primary aluminum                                  1.8             0.2             3.3            -0.3
 3351           Copper rolling and drawing                        0.7             0.9             0.9            -0.8
 3353,54,55     Aluminum rolling and drawing                      0.9             1.1             0.7             1.0
 3411           Metal cans                                        4.2             4.1             4.1             4.9
 3423           Hand and edge tools, n.e.c.                      -0.8             0.5            -1.5            -0.5
 3433           Heating equipment, except electric                2.3             1.7             2.5             2.6
 3441           Fabricated structural metal                       0.5            -2.0             1.1             3.7
 3442           Metal doors, sash, and trim                       0.7             0.4             0.6             1.8
 3452           Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers                  1.0             0.7             1.5            -0.1
 3465,66,69     Metal stampings                                   1.5             0.8             1.0             5.1
 3465           Automotive stampings                              2.4             1.4             1.9             6.3
 3469           Metal stampings, n.e.c.                           0.4             0.6            -0.5             3.5
 3491,92,94     Valves and pipe fittings                          0.5             0.4             0.5             0.8
 3498           Fabricated pipe and fittings                     -1.1            -3.2            -0.8             1.8
 3519           Internal combustion engines, n.e.c.               1.2             0.7             1.8             0.0
 352            Farm and garden machinery                         1.2             1.0             1.5             1.0
 3523           Farm machinery and equipment                      0.7             0.6             1.3            -1.7
 3524           Lawn and garden equipment                         2.5             2.9             1.1             7.0
 3531           Construction machinery                            1.1             0.7             1.6             0.1
 3532           Mining machinery                                 -0.7 1973-92    -2.2             0.8            -4.1 1990-92
Table 3. Selected industries: Average annual rates of change in output per hour  (Continued)
 
 
 3533           Oil and gas field machinery                      -1.3            -0.2            -2.8             2.4
 3541,42        Machine tools                                     0.4            -0.7             0.1             3.6
 3541           Metal cutting machine tools                       0.5            -0.1             0.1             3.1
 3542           Metal forming machine tools                       0.1            -2.2             0.2             4.6
 3545           Machine tool accessories                         -0.3            -0.9             0.5            -2.2
 3561,63,94     Pumps and compressors                             1.2             0.9             1.3             1.2
 3561,94        Pumps and pumping equipment                       1.1             1.4             1.0             0.8
 3562           Ball and roller bearings                         -0.2             0.3            -1.5             3.8
 3563           Air and gas compressors                           1.2            -0.3             1.9             1.6
 3585           Refrigeration and heating equipment               0.5            -0.3             0.6             1.9
 3592           Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves           1.4            -3.7             2.7             7.4
 3612           Transformers, except electronic                   1.1             1.5            -0.1             4.6
 3613           Switchgear and switchboard apparatus              1.7            -0.1             1.9             4.7
 3621           Motors and generators                             1.6             0.1             1.1             6.2
 3631,32,33,39  Major household appliances                        2.4 1973-92     3.2             2.1             2.1 1990-92
 3631           Household cooking equipment                       2.6             4.2             2.1             1.3
 3632           Household refrigerators and freezers              2.6             3.6             2.0             2.7
 3633           Household laundry equipment                       2.5 1973-92     2.7             2.0             5.1 1990-92
 3639           Household appliances, n.e.c.                      1.9 1973-92     3.0             1.7            -0.1 1990-92
 3641           Electric lamp bulbs and tubes                     2.5             3.7             2.3             1.1
 3645,46,47,48  Lighting fixtures and equipment                   1.1             0.4             0.9             2.7
 3651           Household audio and video equipment              10.5             9.8            11.2             9.2
 371            Motor vehicles and equipment                      2.2             2.1             2.5             1.0
 3721           Aircraft                                          3.0             3.7             1.2             8.2
 3825           Instruments to measure electricity                3.3             1.8             3.7             5.1
 386            Photographic equipment and supplies               3.9             5.0             2.9             5.5


                              Transportation
 4011           Railroad transportation, revenue traffic          5.5 1973-92     1.5             7.7             5.0 1990-92
 411,13,14      Bus carriers, class I                            -0.7 1973-89    -1.3            -0.3 1979-89    n.a.
 (parts)
 4213           Trucking, except local (1)                        2.9 1973-89     3.2             2.7 1979-89    n.a.
 4213 (part)    Trucking, ex. local, general freight (1)          3.4 1973-89     4.0             3.0 1979-89    n.a.
 4512,13,22     Air transportation (1)                            3.3             5.6             1.9             3.8
 (parts)
 4612,13        Petroleum pipelines                               0.6             0.7             0.5             0.6
Table 3. Selected industries: Average annual rates of change in output per hour  (Continued)
 
 
                                 Utilities
 481            Telephone communications                          5.9             6.8             5.4             5.9
 491,2,3        Gas and electric utilities                        0.5             0.6            -0.2             3.2
 491,3 (part)   Electric utilities                                1.6             1.2             1.3             3.1
 492,3 (part)   Gas utilities                                    -1.6            -0.5            -3.6             3.5


                                 Trade (2)
 5093           Scrap and waste materials                         2.5 1977-93     5.0 1977-79     1.8             3.5
 525            Hardware stores                                   1.2             2.7             1.1            -1.1
 531            Department stores                                 2.8             3.3             2.2             3.7
 533            Variety stores                                    0.7            -3.1             1.9             4.0
 54             Food stores                                      -0.8            -0.6            -0.8            -0.9
 541            Grocery stores                                   -0.8            -0.4            -1.1            -0.7
 546            Retail bakeries                                  -1.9            -1.8            -2.0            -1.4
 551            New and used car dealers                          1.2             0.2             1.9             0.5
 553            Auto and home supply stores                       1.7             2.0             2.3            -1.3
 554            Gasoline service stations                         3.2             3.6             3.1             3.1
 56             Apparel and accessory stores                      2.3             2.0             2.3             2.7
 561            Men's and boys' clothing stores                   2.0             1.0             2.9             0.8
 562            Women's clothing stores                           3.5             3.6             3.0             4.9
 565            Family clothing stores                            1.9            -0.2             3.0             2.1
 566            Shoe stores                                       1.6             1.9             1.4             1.4
 57             Home furniture, furnishings, & equipment          3.2             2.0             3.3             4.9
                 stores
 571            Furniture and homefurnishings stores              1.3             1.4             1.1             2.1
 572,3          Appliance, radio, T.V., and computer stores       5.7             3.0             6.5             8.2
 572            Household appliance stores                        3.3             3.4             3.2             3.7
 573            Radio, television, and computer stores            6.4             2.5             7.8             9.2
 58             Eating and drinking places                       -0.3            -0.6            -0.2            -0.3
 591            Drug stores and proprietary stores                0.6             1.7             0.2             0.4
 592            Liquor stores                                     0.3            -0.9             1.4            -1.5
 594            Miscellaneous shopping goods stores               1.3 1977-93     3.2 1977-79     1.2             0.8
Table 3. Selected industries: Average annual rates of change in output per hour (Continued)
 
 

                         Finance and services (2)
 602            Commercial banks                                  2.4             0.6             2.4             6.2
 701            Hotels and motels                                 0.2             1.2            -1.2             3.5
 721            Laundry, cleaning, and garment services          -0.5            -0.1            -0.7            -0.5
 723,4          Beauty and barber shops                           0.9             1.5             0.8             0.4
 723            Beauty shops                                      0.6             0.7             0.7            -0.3
 753            Automotive repair shops                          -0.3            -0.7             0.2            -1.0

 n.a.=not available

 (1) Output per employee is used for SIC 4213, SIC 4213 (part), and SIC 4512, 13, 22 (parts).

 (2) Output per hour of all persons is used for all trade and services industries except SIC 531 and
     SIC 551.