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November 2016 
                    Report 1064

				 
			


		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		

		
		
























































																											



				 
                
                BLS Reports Menu
                    CONTENTS
                        Earnings of full-time workers
Earnings by age group
Earnings by race and ethnicity
Earnings by educational attainment
Earnings by occupation
Earnings for those with and without children under 18
Earnings by state of residence
Weekly work hours of full-time workers
Earnings of part-time workers
Earnings of workers paid by the hour
 
                          Statistical Tables 
						  Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers...Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers...Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers...Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers...Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours...Table 6. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual...Table 7. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers...Table 8. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly...Table 9. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by...Table 10. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or...Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or...Table 12. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for full-time...Table 13. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic...Table 14. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by educational...Table 15. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for wage and...Table 16. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic...Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for...Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and...Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational...Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and...Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic...Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary...Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary...Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary...Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly...Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly...
                          Technical Notes
                  Subscribe to BLS Reports
		
		 
		
 
				
				
     Highlights of women’s earnings in 2015
Highlights of women’s earnings in 2015 imageIn 2015, women who were full-time wage and salary workers had median usual weekly earnings that were 81 percent of those of male full-time wage and salary workers. In 1979, the first year for which comparable earnings data are available, women’s earnings were 62 percent of men’s. Since 2004, the women’s-to-men’s earnings ratio has ranged from 80 to 83 percent. (See chart 1 and tables 1 and 12.)This report presents earnings data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a national monthly survey of 60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The weekly and hourly earnings estimates in *Highlights of Women’s Earnings* reflect information collected from one-fourth of the CPS monthly sample and averaged for the calendar year. These data are distinct from the annual earnings estimates for full-time, year-round workers collected separately in the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) to the CPS and published by the U.S. Census Bureau.The earnings comparisons in this report are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that can be significant in explaining earnings differences, such as job skills and responsibilities, work experience, and specialization. See the accompanying technical notes section for more information, including a description of the source of the data and an explanation of the concepts and definitions used in this report.Chart 1View Chart DataWomen's earnings as a percentage of men's, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2015YearPercentage197962.3198064.2198164.4198265.7198366.5198467.6198568.1198669.5198769.8198870.2198970.1199071.9199174.2199275.8199377.1199476.4199575.5199675.0199774.4199876.3199976.5200076.9200176.4200277.9200379.4200480.4200581.0200680.8200780.2200879.9200980.2201081.2201182.2201280.9201382.1201482.5201581.1**Earnings of full-time workers**Below are data highlights for women and men who usually work full time (35 hours or more per week) in wage and salary jobs, with sections focusing on characteristics such as age, race and ethnicity, education, occupation, and more.**Earnings by age group**In 2015, median weekly earnings were $726 for all women age 16 and older.  For men 16 and older, median weekly earnings were $895.  Women’s median weekly earnings were highest for those between the ages of 35 and 64, with relatively little difference in the earnings of 35- to 44-year-olds ($804), 45- to 54-year-olds ($799), and 55- to 64-year-olds ($784). For men, earnings were highest for 45- to 54-year-olds ($1,040) and 55- to 64-year-olds ($1,064). Young women and men age 16 to 24 had the lowest earnings ($450 and $510, respectively). (See chart 2 and table 1.)Chart 2View Chart DataMedian usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 2015 annual averages, in dollarsAge16 to 2425 to 3435 to 4445 to 5455 to 6465 and olderWomen450690804799784740Men5107709831,0401,0641,003In 2015, women’s earnings ranged from 74 to 82 percent of men’s among workers age 35 and older. For those under age 35, the earnings differences between women and men were smaller, with women earning about 88 to 90 percent of what men did. (See table 1.)Between 1979 and 2015, women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios rose for most age groups, particularly in the prime working ages from 25 to 54. Among 25- to 34-year-olds, the ratio increased from 68 percent in 1979 to 90 percent in 2015; the ratio for 35- to 44-year-olds rose from 58 to 82 percent; and the ratio for 45- to 54-year-olds, from 57 to 77 percent. For workers age 55 to 64, the women’s-to-men’s earnings ratio rose from 61 to 74 percent over this period. For young workers age 16 to 24, the earnings ratio increased from 79 to 88 percent between 1979 and 2015, with the gains occurring primarily in the 1980s. (See table 12.)**Earnings by race and ethnicity**Asian women and men earned more than their White, Black, and Hispanic counterparts in 2015. Among women, Whites ($743) earned 85 percent as much as Asians ($877), Blacks ($615) earned 70 percent, and Hispanics ($566) earned 65 percent. In comparison, White men ($920) earned 81 percent as much as Asian men ($1,129), Black men ($680) earned 60 percent as much, and Hispanic men ($631), 56 percent. (See chart 3 and table 1.)Chart 3View Chart DataMedian usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2015 annual averages, in dollarsRace and Hispanic or Latino EthnicityWomenMenTotal726895White743920Black or African American615680Asian8771,129Hispanic or Latino ethnicity566631Earnings differences between women and men were the most pronounced for Asians and for Whites. Asian women earned 78 percent as much as Asian men in 2015, and White women earned 81 percent as much as their male counterparts. In comparison, Black and Hispanic women had median earnings that were 90 percent of those of their male counterparts. (See table 1.)Women’s earnings have increased considerably among the major race and Hispanic ethnicity groups since 1979 (the first year for which comparable data are available), with White women experiencing the greatest earnings growth. From 1979 to 2015, inflation-adjusted earnings (also called constant-dollar earnings) have increased by 32 percent for White women, by 19 percent for Black women, and by 18 percent for Hispanic women. In recent years, however, earnings growth appears to have plateaued for White, Black, and Hispanic women. (See table 18.)The long-term trend in men’s earnings has been quite different than that for women. Inflation-adjusted earnings for White and Black men declined during the 1980s and the first part of the 1990s, followed by a period of growth, before tapering off.  For Hispanic men, earnings also dropped until the mid-1990s, but then began to trend upward. Over the full period, 1979 through 2015, inflation-adjusted earnings for White and Black men have changed little on net (+1 percent and -2 percent, respectively), while those for Hispanic men have shown a small net decline (-6 percent). (See table 18.)Comparable earnings data for Asians are available only back to 2003. Between 2003 and 2015, inflation-adjusted earnings grew by 14 percent for Asian women and by 13 percent for Asian men. (See table 18.)**Earnings by educational attainment**Median weekly earnings vary significantly by educational attainment. Among all workers age 25 and older, the weekly earnings of those without a high school diploma ($493) were 40 percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher ($1,230) in 2015.  For workers with a high school diploma who had not attended college, median earnings ($678) were 55 percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher. Those with some college or an associate’s degree ($762) made 62 percent of what workers with a bachelor’s degree or more made. (See table 1.)In each educational attainment category, the long-term trend in inflation-adjusted earnings has been more favorable for women than for men. Although both women and men without a high school diploma have experienced declines in inflation-adjusted earnings since 1979, the drop for women was much smaller than that for men: a 10-percent decrease for women, compared with a 32-percent decline for men. On an inflation-adjusted basis, earnings for women with a bachelor’s degree or higher have increased by 32 percent since 1979. Earnings for men with a bachelor’s degree or higher have risen by 18 percent. (Data refer to workers age 25 and older.) (See chart 4 and table 19.)chart 4View Chart DataPercentage change in inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, 1979–2015YearLess than a high school diplomaHigh school graduates, no collegeSome college or associate's degreeBachelor's degree and higherWomen-104332Men-32-19-1218**Earnings by occupation**Women and men working full time in management, business, and financial operations occupations had higher median weekly earnings than workers in any other major occupational category in 2015 ($1,073 for women and $1,436 for men). Within management, business, and financial operations occupations, women and men who were chief executives had the highest median weekly earnings in 2015 ($1,836 and $2,251, respectively). (See table 2.)The second-highest paying occupational category for women and men was professional and related occupations ($963 for women and $1,343 for men). Women who were pharmacists ($1,811) and lawyers ($1,717) had the highest earnings in this category. For men, those who were pharmacists ($2,117), physicians and surgeons ($1,915), and lawyers ($1,914) earned the most. (See table 2.)The occupational distributions of female and male full-time workers differ considerably. Compared with men, relatively few women work in construction, production, or transportation occupations, and women are far more concentrated in office and administrative support jobs. Women also are more likely than men to work in professional and related occupations. In 2015, 30 percent of women worked in professional and related occupations, compared with 19 percent of men. Within this occupational category, though, the proportion of women employed in the higher paying job groups is much smaller than the proportion of men employed in them. In 2015, 9 percent of women in professional and related occupations were employed in the relatively high-paying computer and engineering fields, compared with 45 percent of men. Women in professional and related occupations were more likely to work in education and healthcare jobs, which generally pay less than computer and engineering jobs. Sixty-eight percent of women in professional occupations worked in education and healthcare jobs in 2015, compared with 30 percent of men. (See chart 5 and table 2.)Chart5View Chart DataDistribution of full-time wage and salary employment, by major occupational group, 2015 annual averagesGroupWomenMenManagement, business, and financial operations occupations17.416.5Professional and related occupations30.319.4Service occupations15.812.6Sales and related occupations8.98.9Office and administrative support occupations20.66.5Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations0.917.1Production, transportation, and material moving occupations6.119.0**Earnings for those with and without children under 18**In 2015, a little more than one-third of full-time wage and salary workers were parents of children under age 18. (“Children” refers to "own" children and includes sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children under age 18 who live in the household.) Median weekly earnings for mothers of children under age 18 ($727) were essentially the same as earnings for women without children under 18 ($726). Earnings for fathers with children under 18 were $985, compared with $844 for men without children under 18. (See table 7.)**Earnings by state of residence**Median weekly earnings and women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios vary by state of residence. (In this report, “state” refers to the 50 states and the District of Columbia.) The differences among the states reflect, in part, variation in the occupations and industries found in each state and differences in the demographic composition of each state’s labor force. In addition, the sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national estimates. Thus, earnings comparisons between states should be made with caution. Readers also should note that the state estimates are based on workers’ state of residence; their reported earnings are not necessarily from a job located in the same state. (See table 3.)**Weekly work hours of full-time workers**Among full-time workers (that is, those usually working at a job 35 hours or more per week), men are more likely than women to have a longer workweek. In 2015, 26 percent of men who usually work full time worked 41 or more hours per week, compared with 15 percent of women. Women were more likely than men to work 35 to 39 hours per week: 11 percent of women worked such hours in 2015, while 5 percent of men did. A majority of both male and female full-time workers had a 40-hour workweek. Among these workers, women earned 88 percent as much as men. (This analysis excludes people who usually work 35 or more hours per week but whose hours vary.) (See table 5.)**Earnings of part-time workers**Women are more likely than men to work part time—that is, less than 35 hours per week on a sole or main job. Women who worked part time made up 25 percent of all female wage and salary workers in 2015. In comparison, 12 percent of men in wage and salary jobs worked part time. (See tables 4 and 5.)Median weekly earnings for female part-timers were $251 in 2015, slightly higher than the $238 median for men. (See table 4.)Part-time workers are more likely to be under age 25 than full-time workers. Among part-timers in 2015, 30 percent of women and 45 percent of men were under age 25. Among full-time workers, 9 percent of women and 9 percent of men were under age 25. (See tables 1 and 4.)**Earnings of workers paid by the hour**In 2015, 61 percent of women and 56 percent of men in wage and salary jobs were paid by the hour. Women who were paid hourly rates had median hourly earnings of $12.56, which were 86 percent of the median hourly earnings of men ($14.67). (See tables 8 and 11.)Among workers who were paid hourly rates in 2015, 4 percent of women and 3 percent of men had hourly earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage of $7.25. (See table 10.)Among both women and men, hourly paid workers age 16 to 19 were the most likely to have earnings at or below the minimum wage. Eleven percent of teenage workers who were paid hourly rates earned the prevailing federal minimum wage or less in 2015, compared with just 2 percent of hourly paid workers age 25 and older. Six percent of workers age 20 to 24 had earnings at or below the federal minimum wage. (See table 10.) See the technical notes section for information about BLS estimates of the number of minimum wage workers.		
	
	 
	 Statistical Tables
        
                                                                                                                                                                                                                


Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics, 2015 annual averages

Characteristic
Total
Women
Men
Women's earnings as a percentage of men'sNumber of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of medianAgeTotal, 16 years and older
109,080
$809
$2
48,334
$726
$2
60,746
$895
$3
81.116 to 24 years
9,790
487
2
4,314
450
5
5,476
510
3
88.216 to 19 years
1,156
389
4
495
364
6
660
407
5
89.420 to 24 years
8,634
501
3
3,818
468
5
4,816
522
4
89.725 years and older
99,291
860
2
44,020
761
2
55,270
947
3
80.425 to 34 years
26,611
735
3
11,538
690
5
15,073
770
5
89.635 to 44 years
24,917
900
5
10,802
804
7
14,114
983
7
81.845 to 54 years
25,577
923
5
11,572
799
7
14,005
1,040
8
76.855 to 64 years
18,108
927
6
8,295
784
7
9,813
1,064
11
73.765 years and older
4,078
873
14
1,813
740
12
2,265
1,003
24
73.8Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicityWhite
85,443
835
3
36,698
743
3
48,746
920
4
80.8Black or African American
13,587
641
5
7,142
615
5
6,445
680
8
90.4Asian
6,638
993
12
2,954
877
15
3,684
1,129
14
77.7Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
18,311
604
3
7,168
566
6
11,142
631
6
89.7Marital statusNever married
31,097
643
3
13,626
614
3
17,470
673
5
91.2Married, spouse present
60,283
930
3
24,544
804
5
35,739
1,030
5
78.1Other marital status
17,700
766
4
10,164
712
5
7,537
861
8
82.7Divorced
11,780
810
6
6,809
748
6
4,971
902
10
82.9Separated
4,157
667
10
2,065
608
8
2,092
738
13
82.4Widowed
1,764
734
14
1,290
682
14
474
915
28
74.5Union affiliation(1)Members of unions(2)
13,340
980
5
5,831
928
8
7,509
1,017
7
91.2Represented by unions(3)
14,768
975
5
6,526
921
7
8,242
1,014
7
90.8Not represented by a union
94,313
776
2
41,808
697
3
52,504
869
4
80.2Educational attainmentTotal, 25 years and older
99,291
860
2
44,020
761
2
55,270
947
3
80.4Less than a high school diploma
7,289
493
3
2,255
418
3
5,035
520
3
80.4High school graduates, no college
25,221
678
3
9,905
586
3
15,316
759
4
77.2Some college or associate's degree
26,801
762
3
12,692
664
3
14,109
883
5
75.2Bachelor's degree and higher
39,979
1,230
5
19,169
1,064
6
20,811
1,420
8
74.9(1) Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, industry, and geographic region.

(2) Members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.

(3) Union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2015 annual averages

Occupation
Total
Women
Men
Women's earnings as a percentage of men'sNumber of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of medianTotal, full-time wage and salary workers
109,080
$809
$2
48,334
$726
$2
60,746
$895
$3
81.1Management, professional, and related occupations
44,844
1,158
3
23,038
996
4
21,807
1,383
7
72.0Management, business, and financial operations occupations
18,422
1,258
7
8,404
1,073
10
10,018
1,436
10
74.7Management occupations
12,480
1,351
9
5,147
1,139
9
7,332
1,486
17
76.6Chief executives
1,046
2,041
71
283
1,836
81
763
2,251
86
81.6General and operations managers
823
1,260
22
202
1,002
94
621
1,347
44
74.4Legislators
8
–
–
4
–
–
5
–
–
–Advertising and promotions managers
55
1,050
96
26
–
–
29
–
–
–Marketing and sales managers
948
1,462
38
378
1,258
108
570
1,603
82
78.5Public relations and fundraising managers
59
1,557
80
35
–
–
24
–
–
–Administrative services managers
170
1,191
89
73
981
240
96
1,451
60
67.6Computer and information systems managers
636
1,728
60
169
1,563
59
466
1,817
103
86.0Financial managers
1,124
1,408
46
573
1,130
27
551
1,732
68
65.2Compensation and benefits managers
23
–
–
16
–
–
7
–
–
–Human resources managers
254
1,365
41
186
1,274
106
68
1,495
160
85.2Training and development managers
37
–
–
20
–
–
17
–
–
–Industrial production managers
267
1,485
79
45
–
–
221
1,528
52
–Purchasing managers
193
1,348
43
84
1,226
219
109
1,404
81
87.3Transportation, storage, and distribution managers
276
966
35
52
749
79
224
1,006
46
74.5Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers
129
769
97
23
–
–
106
847
43
–Construction managers
471
1,329
62
42
–
–
429
1,357
40
–Education administrators
778
1,423
26
496
1,252
94
282
1,585
76
79.0Architectural and engineering managers
110
1,899
34
10
–
–
101
1,892
33
–Food service managers
763
742
17
374
680
24
389
820
31
82.9Funeral service managers
13
–
–
2
–
–
10
–
–
–Gaming managers
19
–
–
6
–
–
13
–
–
–Lodging managers
123
985
36
68
902
55
54
1,171
103
77.0Medical and health services managers
592
1,210
54
438
1,156
19
154
1,422
83
81.3Natural sciences managers
24
–
–
13
–
–
11
–
–
–Postmasters and mail superintendents
20
–
–
10
–
–
10
–
–
–Property, real estate, and community association managers
401
914
48
230
823
47
171
1,137
48
72.4Social and community service managers
305
1,022
42
200
965
26
105
1,142
150
84.5Emergency management directors
9
–
–
3
–
–
6
–
–
–Managers, all other
2,803
1,408
20
1,085
1,213
48
1,717
1,525
33
79.5Business and financial operations occupations
5,942
1,137
8
3,256
1,004
10
2,686
1,327
18
75.7Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes
27
–
–
14
–
–
13
–
–
–Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products
11
–
–
2
–
–
9
–
–
–Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products
142
926
51
69
985
50
73
886
53
111.2Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products
260
1,009
30
124
986
59
136
1,020
46
96.7Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators
317
963
27
176
824
48
141
1,134
32
72.7Compliance officers
235
1,198
92
109
1,025
56
126
1,375
62
74.5Cost estimators
95
1,232
54
12
–
–
83
1,264
54
–Human resources workers
592
1,002
22
441
984
22
151
1,158
183
85.0Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists
63
998
68
50
898
93
12
–
–
–Training and development specialists
107
990
106
65
1,037
48
42
–
–
–Logisticians
111
1,028
50
44
–
–
66
1,075
47
–Management analysts
529
1,431
45
237
1,348
50
291
1,519
64
88.7Meeting, convention, and event planners
117
859
33
90
840
38
27
–
–
–Fundraisers
62
1,136
62
48
–
–
14
–
–
–Market research analysts and marketing specialists
203
1,284
99
118
1,239
60
85
1,411
181
87.8Business operations specialists, all other
186
1,090
55
112
969
45
74
1,461
53
66.3Accountants and auditors
1,464
1,132
18
846
988
25
618
1,345
22
73.5Appraisers and assessors of real estate
42
–
–
21
–
–
21
–
–
–Budget analysts
44
–
–
28
–
–
17
–
–
–Credit analysts
17
–
–
9
–
–
8
–
–
–Financial analysts
295
1,426
56
127
1,171
100
168
1,680
165
69.7Personal financial advisors
407
1,419
97
159
1,033
73
248
1,738
127
59.4Insurance underwriters
106
1,149
118
63
956
53
44
–
–
–Financial examiners
17
–
–
8
–
–
9
–
–
–Credit counselors and loan officers
313
997
50
166
906
39
146
1,186
69
76.4Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents
59
1,051
48
39
–
–
20
–
–
–Tax preparers
56
892
68
37
–
–
19
–
–
–Financial specialists, all other
66
1,162
84
40
–
–
25
–
–
–Professional and related occupations
26,423
1,112
6
14,634
963
5
11,789
1,343
8
71.7Computer and mathematical occupations
4,009
1,428
16
973
1,245
17
3,036
1,503
23
82.8Computer and information research scientists
28
–
–
5
–
–
23
–
–
–Computer systems analysts
499
1,389
60
173
1,256
43
325
1,462
29
85.9Information security analysts
67
1,538
56
11
–
–
56
1,562
51
–Computer programmers
450
1,438
48
93
1,302
89
357
1,501
59
86.7Software developers, applications and systems software
1,287
1,682
40
232
1,415
37
1,054
1,751
22
80.8Web developers
151
1,165
50
53
1,026
129
98
1,233
34
83.2Computer support specialists
396
1,079
36
105
908
62
291
1,135
36
80.0Database administrators
90
1,536
249
32
–
–
58
1,829
239
–Network and computer systems administrators
208
1,242
76
28
–
–
179
1,266
105
–Computer network architects
115
1,552
81
15
–
–
100
1,577
88
–Computer occupations, all other
490
1,227
41
116
1,145
39
374
1,252
38
91.5Actuaries
24
–
–
6
–
–
18
–
–
–Mathematicians
6
–
–
0
–
–
6
–
–
–Operations research analysts
122
1,441
87
63
1,325
54
59
1,574
175
84.2Statisticians
76
1,275
63
39
–
–
37
–
–
–Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations
1
–
–
0
–
–
1
–
–
–Architecture and engineering occupations
2,656
1,424
18
383
1,257
34
2,272
1,452
18
86.6Architects, except naval
138
1,441
110
31
–
–
106
1,492
67
–Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists
29
–
–
6
–
–
23
–
–
–Aerospace engineers
140
1,662
75
18
–
–
122
1,668
96
–Agricultural engineers
5
–
–
0
–
–
5
–
–
–Biomedical engineers
12
–
–
2
–
–
10
–
–
–Chemical engineers
79
1,532
117
10
–
–
69
1,583
70
–Civil engineers
316
1,460
38
41
–
–
275
1,474
53
–Computer hardware engineers
72
1,876
47
10
–
–
62
1,871
68
–Electrical and electronics engineers
283
1,778
79
37
–
–
246
1,819
126
–Environmental engineers
35
–
–
9
–
–
26
–
–
–Industrial engineers, including health and safety
205
1,447
41
37
–
–
168
1,430
55
–Marine engineers and naval architects
9
–
–
0
–
–
9
–
–
–Materials engineers
36
–
–
4
–
–
33
–
–
–Mechanical engineers
316
1,534
28
23
–
–
294
1,550
30
–Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers
15
–
–
0
–
–
15
–
–
–Nuclear engineers
5
–
–
2
–
–
3
–
–
–Petroleum engineers
43
–
–
3
–
–
39
–
–
–Engineers, all other
393
1,527
40
54
1,448
42
339
1,537
37
94.2Drafters
114
977
45
23
–
–
91
977
57
–Engineering technicians, except drafters
352
963
23
68
827
134
284
984
32
84.0Surveying and mapping technicians
58
1,012
66
4
–
–
54
1,031
75
–Life, physical, and social science occupations
1,176
1,206
39
514
1,067
29
662
1,379
34
77.4Agricultural and food scientists
22
–
–
10
–
–
12
–
–
–Biological scientists
74
1,233
45
28
–
–
46
–
–
–Conservation scientists and foresters
23
–
–
7
–
–
16
–
–
–Medical scientists
151
1,250
63
84
1,082
105
68
1,362
36
79.4Life scientists, all other
1
–
–
0
–
–
1
–
–
–Astronomers and physicists
14
–
–
3
–
–
11
–
–
–Atmospheric and space scientists
8
–
–
1
–
–
8
–
–
–Chemists and materials scientists
93
1,432
68
33
–
–
61
1,496
95
–Environmental scientists and geoscientists
90
1,423
125
25
–
–
65
1,740
102
–Physical scientists, all other
189
1,553
56
68
1,170
105
121
1,770
162
66.1Economists
29
–
–
12
–
–
17
–
–
–Survey researchers
0
–
–
0
–
–
0
–
–
–Psychologists
114
1,367
67
83
1,189
116
31
–
–
–Sociologists
0
–
–
0
–
–
0
–
–
–Urban and regional planners
22
–
–
9
–
–
13
–
–
–Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers
37
–
–
19
–
–
19
–
–
–Agricultural and food science technicians
28
–
–
7
–
–
21
–
–
–Biological technicians
20
–
–
10
–
–
10
–
–
–Chemical technicians
75
944
192
32
–
–
43
–
–
–Geological and petroleum technicians
22
–
–
4
–
–
18
–
–
–Nuclear technicians
2
–
–
0
–
–
2
–
–
–Social science research assistants
3
–
–
3
–
–
0
–
–
–Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians
157
846
33
78
780
47
79
1,001
160
77.9Community and social service occupations
2,143
889
12
1,367
845
15
776
973
28
86.8Counselors
635
904
21
451
902
25
184
908
38
99.3Social workers
677
877
17
549
862
19
127
943
49
91.4Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists
85
967
49
43
–
–
42
–
–
–Social and human service assistants
173
676
34
149
673
28
23
–
–
–Miscellaneous community and social service specialists, including health educators and community health workers
92
831
34
63
728
72
29
–
–
–Clergy
376
1,002
34
60
924
153
316
1,021
54
90.5Directors, religious activities and education
62
929
61
31
–
–
31
–
–
–Religious workers, all other
44
–
–
21
–
–
23
–
–
–Legal occupations
1,346
1,391
37
722
1,135
19
624
1,877
36
60.5Lawyers
803
1,886
16
300
1,717
99
503
1,914
18
89.7Judicial law clerks
11
–
–
10
–
–
1
–
–
–Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers
54
1,952
150
20
–
–
33
–
–
–Paralegals and legal assistants
341
927
30
294
910
36
47
–
–
–Miscellaneous legal support workers
136
770
32
97
746
26
40
–
–
–Education, training, and library occupations
6,884
956
6
5,034
907
7
1,849
1,144
13
79.3Postsecondary teachers
917
1,258
21
401
1,144
20
516
1,405
55
81.4Preschool and kindergarten teachers
517
616
17
506
618
17
11
–
–
–Elementary and middle school teachers
2,806
974
8
2,262
957
8
543
1,077
38
88.9Secondary school teachers
1,048
1,066
23
610
1,006
17
438
1,149
23
87.6Special education teachers
297
987
22
258
990
22
38
–
–
–Other teachers and instructors
378
896
40
199
817
28
179
1,024
92
79.8Archivists, curators, and museum technicians
38
–
–
20
–
–
18
–
–
–Librarians
130
991
38
102
966
49
27
–
–
–Library technicians
18
–
–
15
–
–
4
–
–
–Teacher assistants
614
541
16
565
530
17
48
–
–
–Other education, training, and library workers
123
1,001
81
95
1,031
49
28
–
–
–Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
1,643
1,001
16
713
942
20
930
1,088
54
86.6Artists and related workers
58
1,166
41
20
–
–
39
–
–
–Designers
593
993
19
291
918
36
301
1,099
83
83.5Actors
12
–
–
4
–
–
8
–
–
–Producers and directors
120
1,270
96
53
1,234
87
67
1,340
69
92.1Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers
147
780
37
39
–
–
108
818
50
–Dancers and choreographers
11
–
–
9
–
–
2
–
–
–Musicians, singers, and related workers
42
–
–
9
–
–
33
–
–
–Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other
14
–
–
3
–
–
11
–
–
–Announcers
25
–
–
5
–
–
21
–
–
–News analysts, reporters and correspondents
56
1,218
41
27
–
–
29
–
–
–Public relations specialists
120
1,211
121
71
971
47
49
–
–
–Editors
108
1,148
45
50
1,125
265
58
1,205
151
93.4Technical writers
52
1,158
41
30
–
–
22
–
–
–Writers and authors
79
1,232
76
42
–
–
36
–
–
–Miscellaneous media and communication workers
46
–
–
30
–
–
16
–
–
–Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators
83
954
28
7
–
–
77
937
31
–Photographers
45
–
–
21
–
–
24
–
–
–Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors
30
–
–
1
–
–
28
–
–
–Media and communication equipment workers, all other
2
–
–
0
–
–
2
–
–
–Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
6,566
1,041
10
4,928
991
8
1,639
1,272
28
77.9Chiropractors
22
–
–
7
–
–
15
–
–
–Dentists
59
1,656
90
20
–
–
39
–
–
–Dietitians and nutritionists
79
886
76
69
879
75
9
–
–
–Optometrists
19
–
–
13
–
–
6
–
–
–Pharmacists
206
1,920
89
108
1,811
52
98
2,117
159
85.5Physicians and surgeons
740
1,824
114
283
1,533
84
457
1,915
59
80.1Physician assistants
57
1,368
322
40
–
–
17
–
–
–Podiatrists
9
–
–
4
–
–
5
–
–
–Audiologists
8
–
–
6
–
–
1
–
–
–Occupational therapists
74
1,210
38
64
1,199
42
10
–
–
–Physical therapists
178
1,265
30
123
1,215
93
56
1,347
37
90.2Radiation therapists
12
–
–
7
–
–
5
–
–
–Recreational therapists
6
–
–
4
–
–
2
–
–
–Respiratory therapists
99
1,000
47
67
937
99
32
–
–
–Speech-language pathologists
108
1,147
29
106
1,148
29
1
–
–
–Exercise physiologists
3
–
–
0
–
–
3
–
–
–Therapists, all other
132
944
22
101
951
26
31
–
–
–Veterinarians
55
1,455
61
39
–
–
16
–
–
–Registered nurses
2,382
1,116
13
2,104
1,098
14
278
1,222
41
89.9Nurse anesthetists
23
–
–
12
–
–
11
–
–
–Nurse midwives
6
–
–
6
–
–
0
–
–
–Nurse practitioners
115
1,532
42
103
1,522
122
11
–
–
–Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other
2
–
–
2
–
–
0
–
–
–Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians
270
901
26
201
796
49
69
1,089
74
73.1Dental hygienists
86
914
91
80
953
151
6
–
–
–Diagnostic related technologists and technicians
253
964
75
177
908
26
76
1,106
49
82.1Emergency medical technicians and paramedics
175
811
49
49
–
–
126
899
50
–Health practitioner support technologists and technicians
487
636
20
389
633
21
99
652
51
97.1Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses
508
743
16
459
737
16
48
–
–
–Medical records and health information technicians
174
740
25
157
723
37
17
–
–
–Opticians, dispensing
44
–
–
23
–
–
21
–
–
–Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians
99
671
29
66
642
27
32
–
–
–Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
78
1,128
118
38
–
–
40
–
–
–Service occupations
15,279
509
2
7,650
463
3
7,629
585
4
79.1Healthcare support occupations
2,395
498
4
2,074
490
4
320
577
20
84.9Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides
1,400
467
7
1,237
457
6
163
526
25
86.9Occupational therapy assistants and aides
17
–
–
12
–
–
4
–
–
–Physical therapist assistants and aides
53
742
91
35
–
–
18
–
–
–Massage therapists
37
–
–
22
–
–
16
–
–
–Dental assistants
188
531
31
175
522
21
14
–
–
–Medical assistants
422
539
11
387
530
11
35
–
–
–Medical transcriptionists
28
–
–
26
–
–
3
–
–
–Pharmacy aides
22
–
–
18
–
–
4
–
–
–Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers
21
–
–
17
–
–
4
–
–
–Phlebotomists
91
551
34
76
534
31
15
–
–
–Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations, including medical equipment preparers
115
524
38
71
511
52
44
–
–
–Protective service occupations
2,729
796
15
547
655
20
2,181
851
16
77.0First-line supervisors of correctional officers
57
856
83
16
–
–
41
–
–
–First-line supervisors of police and detectives
114
1,427
182
17
–
–
97
1,425
182
–First-line supervisors of fire fighting and prevention workers
42
–
–
3
–
–
39
–
–
–First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other
72
808
43
16
–
–
56
825
137
–Firefighters
260
1,033
32
16
–
–
245
1,052
30
–Fire inspectors
18
–
–
3
–
–
15
–
–
–Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers
453
754
15
112
686
21
341
779
27
88.1Detectives and criminal investigators
141
1,159
91
41
–
–
100
1,265
202
–Fish and game wardens
6
–
–
1
–
–
5
–
–
–Parking enforcement workers
9
–
–
3
–
–
6
–
–
–Police and sheriff's patrol officers
655
1,002
21
86
1,009
52
569
1,001
23
100.8Transit and railroad police
3
–
–
0
–
–
3
–
–
–Animal control workers
4
–
–
2
–
–
2
–
–
–Private detectives and investigators
85
843
129
36
–
–
49
–
–
–Security guards and gaming surveillance officers
708
567
13
153
515
12
555
592
14
87.0Crossing guards
26
–
–
13
–
–
13
–
–
–Transportation security screeners
33
–
–
11
–
–
22
–
–
–Lifeguards and other recreational, and all other protective service workers
42
–
–
18
–
–
24
–
–
–Food preparation and serving related occupations
4,124
441
5
1,991
414
4
2,133
481
6
86.1Chefs and head cooks
340
619
21
55
492
28
285
656
33
75.0First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers
378
498
14
222
458
11
156
621
43
73.8Cooks
1,302
416
4
494
400
7
808
427
10
93.7Food preparation workers
366
402
8
192
388
12
174
414
11
93.7Bartenders
252
521
16
142
493
21
110
569
36
86.6Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food
173
391
10
107
380
17
67
401
12
94.8Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop
56
354
18
28
–
–
28
–
–
–Waiters and waitresses
868
451
16
563
411
8
305
501
12
82.0Food servers, nonrestaurant
93
509
19
62
485
19
31
–
–
–Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers
107
403
19
48
–
–
59
389
33
–Dishwashers
117
398
11
19
–
–
98
401
13
–Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop
66
400
11
58
397
11
8
–
–
–Food preparation and serving related workers, all other
6
–
–
3
–
–
4
–
–
–Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
3,605
486
4
1,275
419
4
2,330
517
5
81.0First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers
172
620
20
64
571
34
108
700
64
81.6First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers
80
649
31
1
–
–
79
653
31
–Janitors and building cleaners
1,536
507
6
425
429
11
1,111
547
14
78.4Maids and housekeeping cleaners
876
416
5
742
407
5
134
475
16
85.7Pest control workers
77
585
19
3
–
–
74
591
18
–Grounds maintenance workers
862
469
9
39
–
–
824
473
9
–Personal care and service occupations
2,427
498
5
1,763
475
7
664
597
11
79.6First-line supervisors of gaming workers
117
769
33
52
680
38
65
900
97
75.6First-line supervisors of personal service workers
60
608
35
35
–
–
25
–
–
–Animal trainers
26
–
–
8
–
–
19
–
–
–Nonfarm animal caretakers
100
505
14
68
501
16
32
–
–
–Gaming services workers
69
676
179
39
–
–
30
–
–
–Motion picture projectionists
3
–
–
0
–
–
3
–
–
–Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers
9
–
–
4
–
–
5
–
–
–Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers
69
485
27
28
–
–
42
–
–
–Embalmers and funeral attendants
2
–
–
0
–
–
2
–
–
–Morticians, undertakers, and funeral directors
23
–
–
7
–
–
17
–
–
–Barbers
46
–
–
12
–
–
33
–
–
–Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists
253
461
21
229
463
24
23
–
–
–Miscellaneous personal appearance workers
191
501
10
159
497
11
32
–
–
–Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges
75
608
16
12
–
–
63
606
17
–Tour and travel guides
21
–
–
9
–
–
11
–
–
–Childcare workers
407
437
14
393
430
15
14
–
–
–Personal care aides
680
462
12
552
441
12
128
537
22
82.1Recreation and fitness workers
185
555
24
107
526
20
78
684
39
76.9Residential advisors
24
–
–
16
–
–
8
–
–
–Personal care and service workers, all other
67
499
16
32
–
–
35
–
–
–Sales and office occupations
23,620
673
3
14,236
627
3
9,384
777
7
80.7Sales and related occupations
9,725
716
7
4,303
578
6
5,423
880
12
65.7First-line supervisors of retail sales workers
2,326
711
13
1,030
614
9
1,296
825
22
74.4First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers
835
1,028
36
280
896
26
556
1,140
27
78.6Cashiers
1,342
415
4
931
405
5
411
471
19
86.0Counter and rental clerks
73
594
46
37
–
–
35
–
–
–Parts salespersons
92
601
21
11
–
–
82
600
24
–Retail salespersons
1,918
590
10
759
494
7
1,159
694
19
71.2Advertising sales agents
161
925
80
83
729
39
78
1,155
74
63.1Insurance sales agents
427
815
34
232
717
29
194
1,028
100
69.7Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents
211
1,155
37
65
767
43
146
1,461
110
52.5Travel agents
62
711
27
53
685
29
9
–
–
–Sales representatives, services, all other
406
966
28
139
699
53
268
1,147
27
60.9Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing
1,138
1,020
24
295
917
50
843
1,066
38
86.0Models, demonstrators, and product promoters
15
–
–
11
–
–
4
–
–
–Real estate brokers and sales agents
463
837
47
266
735
25
197
1,052
103
69.9Sales engineers
33
–
–
2
–
–
31
–
–
–Telemarketers
39
–
–
21
–
–
17
–
–
–Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers
28
–
–
18
–
–
9
–
–
–Sales and related workers, all other
158
916
54
70
727
85
89
1,088
169
66.8Office and administrative support occupations
13,894
656
3
9,933
646
3
3,961
693
8
93.2First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers
1,297
812
15
863
781
16
434
878
31
89.0Switchboard operators, including answering service
17
–
–
10
–
–
7
–
–
–Telephone operators
22
–
–
18
–
–
4
–
–
–Communications equipment operators, all other
5
–
–
3
–
–
2
–
–
–Bill and account collectors
152
657
26
98
648
30
54
674
186
96.1Billing and posting clerks
406
657
14
366
664
14
39
–
–
–Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks
769
692
13
682
692
13
87
690
28
100.3Gaming cage workers
11
–
–
10
–
–
2
–
–
–Payroll and timekeeping clerks
128
757
32
111
751
33
17
–
–
–Procurement clerks
35
–
–
21
–
–
15
–
–
–Tellers
264
514
9
231
516
9
33
–
–
–Financial clerks, all other
61
767
109
32
–
–
30
–
–
–Brokerage clerks
3
–
–
1
–
–
1
–
–
–Correspondence clerks
3
–
–
2
–
–
1
–
–
–Court, municipal, and license clerks
60
755
66
51
743
63
9
–
–
–Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks
42
–
–
29
–
–
12
–
–
–Customer service representatives
1,760
621
7
1,149
604
7
611
690
19
87.5Eligibility interviewers, government programs
67
781
74
50
805
128
17
–
–
–File clerks
145
634
25
120
627
25
25
–
–
–Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks
127
481
21
69
467
89
58
486
21
96.1Interviewers, except eligibility and loan
105
615
25
89
617
32
16
–
–
–Library assistants, clerical
35
–
–
28
–
–
7
–
–
–Loan interviewers and clerks
134
710
25
109
722
27
25
–
–
–New accounts clerks
20
–
–
17
–
–
3
–
–
–Order clerks
74
599
23
48
–
–
26
–
–
–Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping
50
737
45
40
–
–
11
–
–
–Receptionists and information clerks
852
575
9
781
569
10
72
619
24
91.9Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks
95
713
37
61
680
40
34
–
–
–Information and record clerks, all other
100
618
15
78
616
18
22
–
–
–Cargo and freight agents
20
–
–
9
–
–
12
–
–
–Couriers and messengers
153
752
32
19
–
–
134
750
37
–Dispatchers
250
698
28
141
655
30
109
759
44
86.3Meter readers, utilities
39
–
–
4
–
–
34
–
–
–Postal service clerks
127
927
66
51
833
48
76
974
36
85.5Postal service mail carriers
302
954
29
115
854
39
187
1,021
39
83.6Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators
53
828
242
26
–
–
27
–
–
–Production, planning, and expediting clerks
256
838
55
141
732
24
116
978
40
74.8Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks
502
591
13
148
566
30
354
604
17
93.7Stock clerks and order fillers
1,027
520
7
376
506
9
651
537
19
94.2Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping
59
629
48
31
–
–
29
–
–
–Secretaries and administrative assistants
2,223
687
8
2,099
683
8
124
786
35
86.9Computer operators
58
751
51
33
–
–
25
–
–
–Data entry keyers
223
619
13
169
638
24
55
589
21
108.3Word processors and typists
68
650
33
62
639
30
6
–
–
–Desktop publishers
1
–
–
0
–
–
1
–
–
–Insurance claims and policy processing clerks
259
689
16
203
675
18
56
762
43
88.6Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service
63
563
49
39
–
–
24
–
–
–Office clerks, general
929
620
8
773
622
9
156
609
21
102.1Office machine operators, except computer
31
–
–
16
–
–
14
–
–
–Proofreaders and copy markers
2
–
–
2
–
–
0
–
–
–Statistical assistants
15
–
–
10
–
–
5
–
–
–Office and administrative support workers, all other
391
745
20
298
718
27
93
852
62
84.3Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
10,834
761
6
453
580
15
10,381
770
6
75.3Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
810
464
8
174
437
12
637
477
12
91.6First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers
42
–
–
10
–
–
32
–
–
–Agricultural inspectors
12
–
–
6
–
–
7
–
–
–Animal breeders
2
–
–
0
–
–
2
–
–
–Graders and sorters, agricultural products
83
486
34
51
468
19
32
–
–
–Miscellaneous agricultural workers
613
445
10
102
398
16
511
460
12
86.5Fishers and related fishing workers
11
–
–
0
–
–
11
–
–
–Hunters and trappers
0
–
–
0
–
–
0
–
–
–Forest and conservation workers
15
–
–
5
–
–
10
–
–
–Logging workers
31
–
–
0
–
–
31
–
–
–Construction and extraction occupations
5,722
749
9
137
704
28
5,586
751
9
93.7First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers
560
1,040
40
20
–
–
540
1,047
40
–Boilermakers
21
–
–
0
–
–
21
–
–
–Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons
122
652
46
0
–
–
122
652
46
–Carpenters
802
687
11
10
–
–
792
687
12
–Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers
89
637
61
1
–
–
89
634
66
–Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers
44
–
–
0
–
–
44
–
–
–Construction laborers
1,181
639
18
25
–
–
1,155
642
18
–Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators
10
–
–
0
–
–
10
–
–
–Pile-driver operators
2
–
–
0
–
–
2
–
–
–Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators
324
856
31
6
–
–
318
859
33
–Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers
121
596
28
2
–
–
119
595
28
–Electricians
651
888
28
19
–
–
632
891
27
–Glaziers
33
–
–
0
–
–
32
–
–
–Insulation workers
43
–
–
3
–
–
41
–
–
–Painters, construction and maintenance
344
585
16
14
–
–
330
587
15
–Paperhangers
0
–
–
0
–
–
0
–
–
–Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters
456
863
41
2
–
–
455
862
41
–Plasterers and stucco masons
20
–
–
1
–
–
19
–
–
–Reinforcing iron and rebar workers
9
–
–
0
–
–
9
–
–
–Roofers
171
584
23
2
–
–
170
580
23
–Sheet metal workers
106
766
38
6
–
–
100
776
36
–Structural iron and steel workers
54
869
35
2
–
–
52
864
39
–Solar photovoltaic installers
8
–
–
0
–
–
8
–
–
–Helpers, construction trades
47
–
–
0
–
–
47
–
–
–Construction and building inspectors
67
939
37
9
–
–
58
965
35
–Elevator installers and repairers
23
–
–
0
–
–
23
–
–
–Fence erectors
33
–
–
0
–
–
33
–
–
–Hazardous materials removal workers
39
–
–
5
–
–
35
–
–
–Highway maintenance workers
91
754
62
0
–
–
91
755
62
–Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators
9
–
–
0
–
–
9
–
–
–Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners
8
–
–
0
–
–
8
–
–
–Miscellaneous construction and related workers
25
–
–
2
–
–
23
–
–
–Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining
28
–
–
1
–
–
27
–
–
–Earth drillers, except oil and gas
30
–
–
0
–
–
30
–
–
–Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters
5
–
–
0
–
–
5
–
–
–Mining machine operators
68
1,106
43
2
–
–
65
1,098
42
–Roof bolters, mining
3
–
–
0
–
–
3
–
–
–Roustabouts, oil and gas
7
–
–
0
–
–
7
–
–
–Helpers—extraction workers
6
–
–
0
–
–
6
–
–
–Other extraction workers
61
900
99
3
–
–
58
918
140
–Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
4,301
839
11
143
761
74
4,159
842
11
90.4First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers
270
1,032
37
18
–
–
252
1,033
37
–Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers
194
856
73
28
–
–
166
865
61
–Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers
139
862
38
13
–
–
126
879
53
–Avionics technicians
4
–
–
0
–
–
4
–
–
–Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers
22
–
–
1
–
–
20
–
–
–Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment
2
–
–
0
–
–
2
–
–
–Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility
18
–
–
0
–
–
17
–
–
–Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles
17
–
–
0
–
–
17
–
–
–Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers
30
–
–
2
–
–
28
–
–
–Security and fire alarm systems installers
67
911
68
2
–
–
65
913
66
–Aircraft mechanics and service technicians
133
1,025
30
7
–
–
125
1,032
31
–Automotive body and related repairers
120
846
43
2
–
–
118
849
42
–Automotive glass installers and repairers
21
–
–
1
–
–
20
–
–
–Automotive service technicians and mechanics
710
722
18
16
–
–
694
724
19
–Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists
327
831
35
0
–
–
327
830
34
–Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics
206
928
35
0
–
–
206
928
36
–Small engine mechanics
39
–
–
0
–
–
39
–
–
–Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers
66
592
29
1
–
–
65
591
32
–Control and valve installers and repairers
23
–
–
0
–
–
23
–
–
–Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers
341
806
32
4
–
–
337
810
31
–Home appliance repairers
36
–
–
0
–
–
36
–
–
–Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics
394
895
22
11
–
–
383
894
22
–Maintenance and repair workers, general
469
773
23
10
–
–
459
771
23
–Maintenance workers, machinery
31
–
–
1
–
–
30
–
–
–Millwrights
49
–
–
1
–
–
48
–
–
–Electrical power-line installers and repairers
113
1,105
55
0
–
–
112
1,105
55
–Telecommunications line installers and repairers
157
882
46
9
–
–
148
880
49
–Precision instrument and equipment repairers
64
996
72
4
–
–
60
1,009
70
–Wind turbine service technicians
3
–
–
0
–
–
3
–
–
–Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers
38
–
–
4
–
–
34
–
–
–Commercial divers
1
–
–
0
–
–
1
–
–
–Locksmiths and safe repairers
12
–
–
0
–
–
12
–
–
–Manufactured building and mobile home installers
4
–
–
1
–
–
4
–
–
–Riggers
7
–
–
0
–
–
7
–
–
–Signal and track switch repairers
9
–
–
0
–
–
9
–
–
–Helpers—installation, maintenance, and repair workers
17
–
–
0
–
–
17
–
–
–Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers
150
792
64
6
–
–
144
810
62
–Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
14,504
656
4
2,958
512
4
11,546
704
4
72.7Production occupations
7,551
663
6
2,003
519
5
5,548
729
6
71.2First-line supervisors of production and operating workers
783
875
19
133
623
31
650
924
24
67.4Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers
15
–
–
4
–
–
11
–
–
–Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers
123
554
37
64
544
48
59
566
53
96.1Engine and other machine assemblers
14
–
–
2
–
–
12
–
–
–Structural metal fabricators and fitters
31
–
–
3
–
–
28
–
–
–Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators
950
581
10
377
512
11
573
637
22
80.4Bakers
150
505
16
80
475
24
69
570
40
83.3Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers
247
542
23
60
463
24
187
582
17
79.6Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders
9
–
–
1
–
–
7
–
–
–Food batchmakers
79
500
18
54
489
23
25
–
–
–Food cooking machine operators and tenders
7
–
–
2
–
–
5
–
–
–Food processing workers, all other
132
594
24
50
508
48
82
679
53
74.8Computer control programmers and operators
83
833
97
2
–
–
81
857
97
–Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
8
–
–
1
–
–
7
–
–
–Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
6
–
–
0
–
–
6
–
–
–Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
15
–
–
3
–
–
12
–
–
–Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
78
633
36
15
–
–
62
674
40
–Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
5
–
–
1
–
–
5
–
–
–Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
41
–
–
3
–
–
39
–
–
–Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
12
–
–
1
–
–
11
–
–
–Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
1
–
–
0
–
–
1
–
–
–Machinists
338
834
17
17
–
–
320
840
17
–Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters
29
–
–
1
–
–
28
–
–
–Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic
6
–
–
3
–
–
3
–
–
–Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
47
–
–
9
–
–
39
–
–
–Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
1
–
–
0
–
–
1
–
–
–Tool and die makers
49
–
–
0
–
–
49
–
–
–Welding, soldering, and brazing workers
568
760
17
23
–
–
545
767
18
–Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
4
–
–
0
–
–
4
–
–
–Layout workers, metal and plastic
4
–
–
1
–
–
4
–
–
–Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
24
–
–
0
–
–
24
–
–
–Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners
7
–
–
0
–
–
7
–
–
–Metal workers and plastic workers, all other
351
639
23
72
581
19
278
678
23
85.7Prepress technicians and workers
14
–
–
2
–
–
12
–
–
–Printing press operators
160
707
39
26
–
–
134
729
19
–Print binding and finishing workers
16
–
–
6
–
–
9
–
–
–Laundry and dry-cleaning workers
133
466
22
80
460
22
53
487
59
94.5Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials
21
–
–
12
–
–
9
–
–
–Sewing machine operators
147
493
14
105
476
16
42
–
–
–Shoe and leather workers and repairers
5
–
–
1
–
–
4
–
–
–Shoe machine operators and tenders
1
–
–
1
–
–
0
–
–
–Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers
37
–
–
27
–
–
9
–
–
–Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders
2
–
–
0
–
–
2
–
–
–Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders
9
–
–
2
–
–
7
–
–
–Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders
8
–
–
4
–
–
3
–
–
–Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders
7
–
–
2
–
–
5
–
–
–Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers
0
–
–
0
–
–
0
–
–
–Fabric and apparel patternmakers
4
–
–
1
–
–
3
–
–
–Upholsterers
29
–
–
7
–
–
21
–
–
–Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other
16
–
–
4
–
–
12
–
–
–Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters
40
–
–
2
–
–
38
–
–
–Furniture finishers
6
–
–
0
–
–
6
–
–
–Model makers and patternmakers, wood
0
–
–
0
–
–
0
–
–
–Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood
26
–
–
4
–
–
22
–
–
–Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing
23
–
–
1
–
–
21
–
–
–Woodworkers, all other
17
–
–
3
–
–
14
–
–
–Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers
35
–
–
1
–
–
34
–
–
–Stationary engineers and boiler operators
84
996
69
3
–
–
81
1,012
68
–Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators
82
880
42
3
–
–
79
868
37
–Miscellaneous plant and system operators
35
–
–
3
–
–
33
–
–
–Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders
62
1,052
141
5
–
–
57
1,082
33
–Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers
82
652
51
7
–
–
75
668
48
–Cutting workers
51
685
44
9
–
–
41
–
–
–Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders
31
–
–
6
–
–
25
–
–
–Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders
6
–
–
0
–
–
5
–
–
–Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers
701
710
17
260
583
15
440
844
28
69.1Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers
19
–
–
7
–
–
11
–
–
–Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians
86
648
28
42
–
–
44
–
–
–Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders
239
518
15
120
482
17
118
605
47
79.7Painting workers
129
708
34
18
–
–
110
733
30
–Photographic process workers and processing machine operators
26
–
–
14
–
–
12
–
–
–Semiconductor processors
1
–
–
0
–
–
1
–
–
–Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders
9
–
–
4
–
–
5
–
–
–Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders
4
–
–
1
–
–
2
–
–
–Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders
4
–
–
0
–
–
3
–
–
–Etchers and engravers
12
–
–
4
–
–
8
–
–
–Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic
14
–
–
2
–
–
12
–
–
–Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders
27
–
–
5
–
–
22
–
–
–Tire builders
8
–
–
0
–
–
8
–
–
–Helpers—production workers
24
–
–
7
–
–
18
–
–
–Production workers, all other
846
625
12
203
501
16
643
666
14
75.2Transportation and material moving occupations
6,953
646
7
955
494
9
5,998
679
6
72.8Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers
186
894
35
33
–
–
153
898
43
–Aircraft pilots and flight engineers
114
1,735
243
9
–
–
104
1,830
265
–Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists
32
–
–
8
–
–
24
–
–
–Flight attendants
63
846
64
43
–
–
20
–
–
–Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians
18
–
–
4
–
–
14
–
–
–Bus drivers
323
615
14
138
572
26
184
681
24
84.0Driver/sales workers and truck drivers
2,687
747
9
105
632
53
2,582
751
9
84.2Taxi drivers and chauffeurs
253
585
15
38
–
–
216
600
14
–Motor vehicle operators, all other
21
–
–
3
–
–
18
–
–
–Locomotive engineers and operators
44
–
–
2
–
–
42
–
–
–Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators
5
–
–
0
–
–
5
–
–
–Railroad conductors and yardmasters
55
1,117
67
4
–
–
52
1,137
38
–Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation workers
15
–
–
3
–
–
12
–
–
–Sailors and marine oilers
10
–
–
0
–
–
9
–
–
–Ship and boat captains and operators
29
–
–
1
–
–
28
–
–
–Ship engineers
5
–
–
1
–
–
4
–
–
–Bridge and lock tenders
4
–
–
0
–
–
4
–
–
–Parking lot attendants
57
492
25
8
–
–
49
–
–
–Automotive and watercraft service attendants
63
452
48
5
–
–
58
470
44
–Transportation inspectors
21
–
–
7
–
–
14
–
–
–Transportation attendants, except flight attendants
17
–
–
8
–
–
9
–
–
–Other transportation workers
39
–
–
4
–
–
35
–
–
–Conveyor operators and tenders
7
–
–
0
–
–
7
–
–
–Crane and tower operators
75
988
72
4
–
–
71
1,016
73
–Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators
25
–
–
0
–
–
25
–
–
–Hoist and winch operators
5
–
–
0
–
–
5
–
–
–Industrial truck and tractor operators
579
609
11
37
–
–
541
612
12
–Cleaners of vehicles and equipment
222
485
19
22
–
–
200
498
19
–Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand
1,433
526
9
219
455
16
1,214
547
12
83.2Machine feeders and offbearers
30
–
–
9
–
–
21
–
–
–Packers and packagers, hand
385
438
13
227
424
12
158
462
23
91.8Pumping station operators
18
–
–
1
–
–
17
–
–
–Refuse and recyclable material collectors
72
501
23
6
–
–
66
496
24
–Mine shuttle car operators
0
–
–
0
–
–
0
–
–
–Tank car, truck, and ship loaders
6
–
–
0
–
–
6
–
–
–Material moving workers, all other
37
–
–
5
–
–
32
–
–
–Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by state, 2015 annual averages

State
Total
Women
Men
Women's earnings as a percentage of men'sNumber of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of medianUnited States
109,080
$809
$2
48,334
$726
$2
60,746
$895
$3
81.1Alabama
1,580
711
14
724
615
12
856
815
32
75.5Alaska
255
903
15
110
787
21
145
1,034
24
76.1Arizona
2,180
745
11
960
674
13
1,219
816
20
82.6Arkansas
983
682
14
459
607
12
524
761
19
79.8California
12,555
849
11
5,315
775
10
7,241
914
12
84.8Colorado
1,895
863
16
821
779
17
1,074
941
20
82.8Connecticut
1,245
1,012
31
586
874
29
659
1,139
23
76.7Delaware
345
788
17
165
740
17
180
848
22
87.3District of Columbia
295
1,148
15
147
1,070
44
149
1,224
41
87.4Florida
6,601
747
7
3,041
699
9
3,559
800
16
87.4Georgia
3,402
751
12
1,552
692
15
1,850
816
18
84.8Hawaii
470
775
20
215
729
21
255
829
30
87.9Idaho
530
726
11
217
654
12
312
806
22
81.1Illinois
4,479
846
10
2,009
760
11
2,470
911
14
83.4Indiana
2,284
769
15
997
687
23
1,287
861
27
79.8Iowa
1,122
774
15
510
684
16
612
870
25
78.6Kansas
1,023
765
13
456
667
17
567
870
21
76.7Kentucky
1,392
756
16
637
685
17
755
849
25
80.7Louisiana
1,559
727
15
716
630
17
843
828
27
76.1Maine
423
790
19
194
711
19
229
889
31
80.0Maryland
2,325
974
21
1,117
884
43
1,208
1,055
28
83.8Massachusetts
2,423
1,001
15
1,076
907
21
1,347
1,112
39
81.6Michigan
3,205
823
12
1,389
715
14
1,815
931
19
76.8Minnesota
2,020
887
16
897
786
26
1,123
954
26
82.4Mississippi
923
668
17
438
591
14
485
772
20
76.6Missouri
2,168
768
15
1,006
667
14
1,162
863
22
77.3Montana
329
730
11
147
660
17
182
794
24
83.1Nebraska
714
754
10
322
652
16
392
856
19
76.2Nevada
1,010
730
12
437
660
13
573
809
23
81.6New Hampshire
503
865
23
219
746
18
284
965
25
77.3New Jersey
3,208
969
13
1,396
874
18
1,812
1,050
30
83.2New Mexico
624
722
17
286
638
16
338
812
31
78.6New York
6,834
888
9
3,147
816
18
3,687
939
13
86.9North Carolina
3,399
723
11
1,515
664
11
1,884
774
17
85.8North Dakota
290
797
14
123
682
16
166
912
18
74.8Ohio
3,888
800
12
1,723
716
13
2,165
882
14
81.2Oklahoma
1,313
739
12
579
640
19
734
831
26
77.0Oregon
1,235
826
19
527
734
21
708
884
22
83.0Pennsylvania
4,461
833
11
1,960
723
13
2,501
922
15
78.4Rhode Island
376
827
22
174
737
20
202
926
28
79.6South Carolina
1,638
696
15
756
642
11
881
762
17
84.3South Dakota
319
705
9
152
624
10
167
788
18
79.2Tennessee
2,196
705
13
938
647
15
1,257
756
19
85.6Texas
9,556
770
7
4,094
683
11
5,462
864
14
79.1Utah
993
787
13
366
660
19
626
878
23
75.2Vermont
223
831
17
102
752
17
120
902
23
83.4Virginia
3,039
937
19
1,364
825
29
1,675
1,031
29
80.0Washington
2,403
909
16
1,005
797
22
1,398
1,025
30
77.8West Virginia
552
724
14
247
640
17
305
803
18
79.7Wisconsin
2,082
824
14
909
707
16
1,173
920
24
76.8Wyoming
217
797
19
89
654
15
128
948
25
69.0Note: In general, the sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national estimates; thus, comparisons of state estimates should be made with caution. Data shown are based on workers' state of residence; workers' reported earnings, however, may or may not be from a job located in the same state.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by selected demographic characteristics, 2015 annual averages

Characteristic
Total
Women
Men
Women's earnings as a percentage of men'sNumber of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of medianAgeTotal, 16 years and older
24,445
$246
$1
16,022
$251
$1
8,423
$238
$2
105.516 to 24 years
8,496
190
1
4,735
189
2
3,760
192
2
98.416 to 19 years
3,478
153
2
1,848
152
3
1,630
154
3
98.720 to 24 years
5,018
215
2
2,887
212
3
2,131
218
3
97.225 years and older
15,949
287
2
11,287
286
2
4,663
287
3
99.725 to 34 years
4,210
279
3
2,766
275
4
1,444
287
5
95.835 to 44 years
3,134
305
5
2,433
307
5
701
297
9
103.445 to 54 years
3,146
301
4
2,480
303
5
666
296
7
102.455 to 64 years
3,141
290
4
2,277
289
5
863
293
7
98.665 years and older
2,318
252
5
1,331
237
6
988
270
7
87.8Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicityWhite
19,368
249
1
12,818
255
2
6,551
239
2
106.7Black or African American
2,944
227
3
1,844
229
3
1,100
222
4
103.2Asian
1,239
265
6
814
267
7
425
262
10
101.9Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
4,017
242
2
2,504
238
3
1,514
247
4
96.4Marital statusNever married
11,832
210
1
6,556
208
2
5,277
211
2
98.6Married, spouse present
9,180
305
3
6,834
307
3
2,347
300
4
102.3Other marital status
3,433
262
3
2,633
261
4
800
266
7
98.1Divorced
1,982
272
4
1,489
272
5
493
270
10
100.7Separated
789
255
6
586
256
7
203
252
10
101.6Widowed
663
241
8
558
236
8
104
286
18
82.5Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours usually worked, 2015 annual averages

Hours of work
Total
Women
Men
Women's earnings as a percentage of men'sNumber of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of medianTotal, 16 years and older
133,743
$695
$2
64,445
$603
$2
69,298
$799
$3
75.50 to 34 hours
22,171
249
1
14,599
254
1
7,572
239
2
106.30 to 4 hours
472
63
3
317
61
3
155
68
6
89.75 to 9 hours
1,168
79
3
769
83
3
399
73
3
113.710 to 14 hours
1,878
114
1
1,252
115
1
626
113
2
101.815 to 19 hours
2,639
164
1
1,764
168
2
876
157
2
107.020 to 24 hours
6,429
223
1
4,159
233
3
2,271
214
2
108.925 to 29 hours
3,510
272
2
2,332
275
3
1,178
267
3
103.030 to 34 hours
6,076
347
3
4,008
358
4
2,067
326
4
109.835 hours and over
103,944
813
2
46,256
732
2
57,688
898
3
81.535 to 39 hours
7,936
519
5
5,250
537
6
2,686
490
8
109.640 hours
74,389
752
2
34,280
705
3
40,109
801
3
88.041 hours and over
21,619
1,231
7
6,725
1,111
11
14,894
1,289
12
86.241 to 44 hours
1,174
909
21
452
824
26
722
964
25
85.545 to 48 hours
5,844
1,074
13
2,121
1,002
15
3,723
1,126
13
89.049 to 59 hours
9,872
1,321
14
2,986
1,189
23
6,886
1,371
13
86.760 hours and over
4,728
1,384
16
1,166
1,199
40
3,562
1,442
22
83.1Hours vary
7,628
483
7
3,590
365
7
4,038
623
14
58.6Usually less than 35 hours
2,274
218
4
1,423
216
5
851
221
6
97.7Usually 35 or more hours
5,137
704
14
2,078
537
19
3,058
817
17
65.7Note: Data are for the sole or principal job of full-time and part-time workers. Estimates for the "hours vary" groups do not sum to totals because data are not presented for a small number of multiple jobholders whose usual number of hours on the principal job is not identifiable.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 6. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2015 annual averages (in thousands)

Characteristic
Total employed
Number of workers with usual weekly earnings of—Under $350.00
$350.00 to $499.99
$500.00 to $599.99
$600.00 to $749.99
$750.00 to $999.99
$1,000.00 to $1,199.99
$1,200.00 to $1,999.99
$2,000.00 or moreAge**Total, 16 years and older**
109,080
6,724
16,468
10,426
14,758
18,602
10,945
20,581
10,57616 to 24 years
9,790
1,736
3,399
1,336
1,442
1,066
360
370
8116 to 19 years
1,156
404
468
103
88
57
17
15
220 to 24 years
8,634
1,331
2,930
1,233
1,353
1,009
343
355
7925 years and older
99,291
4,988
13,069
9,090
13,317
17,536
10,585
20,211
10,49525 to 34 years
26,611
1,633
4,430
3,078
4,239
4,993
2,734
4,151
1,35535 to 44 years
24,917
1,127
3,101
2,080
3,188
4,325
2,730
5,492
2,87345 to 54 years
25,577
1,112
2,965
2,035
3,174
4,503
2,777
5,657
3,35655 to 64 years
18,108
802
1,989
1,551
2,280
3,087
1,950
4,073
2,37665 years and older
4,078
315
584
347
437
628
394
838
536**Women, 16 years and older**
48,334
3,839
8,510
5,232
7,114
8,483
4,552
7,552
3,05216 to 24 years
4,314
953
1,606
561
600
380
97
101
1616 to 19 years
495
211
199
40
24
18
0
2
220 to 24 years
3,818
742
1,407
521
576
362
97
99
1425 years and older
44,020
2,886
6,904
4,671
6,514
8,103
4,455
7,451
3,03625 to 34 years
11,538
864
2,097
1,475
1,873
2,232
1,104
1,465
42835 to 44 years
10,802
668
1,580
1,024
1,534
1,971
1,146
2,041
83845 to 54 years
11,572
706
1,682
1,112
1,664
2,139
1,183
2,127
95955 to 64 years
8,295
485
1,216
870
1,230
1,462
833
1,519
68065 years and older
1,813
162
330
189
214
299
190
299
130**Men, 16 years and older**
60,746
2,885
7,958
5,195
7,644
10,119
6,393
13,029
7,52416 to 24 years
5,476
783
1,793
775
842
686
264
269
6516 to 19 years
660
193
270
63
64
40
17
13
020 to 24 years
4,816
590
1,524
712
777
647
247
256
6525 years and older
55,270
2,102
6,165
4,419
6,802
9,433
6,129
12,760
7,46025 to 34 years
15,073
768
2,333
1,603
2,366
2,761
1,630
2,686
92735 to 44 years
14,114
458
1,521
1,056
1,654
2,355
1,584
3,451
2,03545 to 54 years
14,005
406
1,283
922
1,510
2,364
1,594
3,529
2,39755 to 64 years
9,813
316
773
681
1,050
1,625
1,117
2,554
1,69665 years and older
2,265
153
254
157
222
329
204
540
406Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity**White**
85,443
4,732
12,134
7,794
11,580
14,919
8,872
16,702
8,711Women
36,698
2,660
6,109
3,873
5,509
6,672
3,589
5,911
2,374Men
48,746
2,072
6,025
3,921
6,070
8,247
5,283
10,790
6,337**Black or African American**
13,587
1,373
2,892
1,719
1,980
2,211
1,044
1,789
579Women
7,142
844
1,666
887
1,025
1,111
507
832
271Men
6,445
529
1,225
832
955
1,100
537
957
309**Asian**
6,638
348
756
520
729
926
699
1,588
1,072Women
2,954
192
386
281
370
449
323
624
329Men
3,684
155
371
239
359
477
376
964
743**Hispanic or Latino ethnicity**
18,311
1,779
4,687
2,299
2,831
2,695
1,318
1,933
769Women
7,168
941
1,981
927
1,075
993
443
584
225Men
11,142
838
2,706
1,372
1,756
1,702
875
1,350
544Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 7. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by marital status and presence and age of own children under 18 years old, 2015 annual averages

Characteristic
Number of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of medianWomenTotal, all marital statuses
48,334
$726
$2With children under 18 years old
17,325
727
4With children 6 to 17, none younger
10,517
748
5With children under 6 years old
6,808
689
8With no children under 18 years old
31,009
726
3Total, married, spouse present
24,544
804
5With children under 18 years old
11,366
827
7With children 6 to 17, none younger
6,854
823
9With children under 6 years old
4,512
834
11With no children under 18 years old
13,178
786
6Total, other marital statuses(1)
23,790
652
3With children under 18 years old
5,959
587
4With children 6 to 17, none younger
3,664
639
8With children under 6 years old
2,296
506
6With no children under 18 years old
17,831
679
4MenTotal, all marital statuses
60,746
895
3With children under 18 years old
21,932
985
6With children 6 to 17, none younger
11,915
1,037
9With children under 6 years old
10,018
916
8With no children under 18 years old
38,814
844
4Total, married, spouse present
35,739
1,030
5With children under 18 years old
19,307
1,028
7With children 6 to 17, none younger
10,645
1,075
12With children under 6 years old
8,662
984
9With no children under 18 years old
16,432
1,032
8Total, other marital statuses(1)
25,007
726
4With children under 18 years old
2,625
714
11With children 6 to 17, none younger
1,270
830
19With children under 6 years old
1,356
624
12With no children under 18 years old
22,382
727
4(1) Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed people.

Note: "Children" refers to "own" children and includes sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children under age 18 who live in the household. Not included are other related children, such as grandchildren, nieces, nephews, and cousins, as well as unrelated children in the household.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 8. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected characteristics, 2015 annual averages

Characteristic
Total
Women
Men
Women's earnings as a percentage of men'sNumber of workers (thousands)
Median hourly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers (thousands)
Median hourly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers (thousands)
Median hourly earnings
Standard error of medianAgeTotal, 16 years and older
78,232
$13.44
$.05
39,500
$12.56
$.06
38,732
$14.67
$.07
85.616 to 24 years
15,562
9.85
.01
7,784
9.54
.05
7,778
10.03
.02
95.116 to 19 years
4,355
8.85
.02
2,231
8.75
.04
2,124
8.97
.04
97.520 to 24 years
11,207
10.14
.02
5,553
9.95
.02
5,654
10.64
.11
93.525 years and older
62,670
14.91
.02
31,716
13.92
.04
30,954
15.86
.05
87.825 to 34 years
18,302
13.60
.09
8,613
12.89
.07
9,689
14.17
.09
91.035 to 44 years
14,530
15.16
.05
7,222
14.13
.09
7,308
16.48
.19
85.745 to 54 years
14,917
15.84
.09
7,866
14.80
.08
7,051
17.55
.19
84.355 to 64 years
11,400
15.91
.09
6,093
14.77
.12
5,307
17.99
.11
82.165 years and older
3,520
13.08
.10
1,922
12.66
.21
1,598
14.15
.29
89.5Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicityWhite
60,306
13.87
.04
29,858
12.82
.05
30,448
14.93
.03
85.9Black or African American
11,178
12.06
.04
6,163
11.70
.10
5,015
12.66
.13
92.4Asian
3,690
14.19
.20
1,975
13.80
.26
1,715
14.87
.13
92.8Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
15,809
12.04
.04
6,984
11.08
.06
8,825
12.92
.07
85.8Marital statusNever married
30,332
11.02
.03
14,425
10.34
.06
15,908
11.83
.04
87.4Married, spouse present
34,804
15.58
.08
17,023
14.62
.10
17,782
16.99
.07
86.1Other marital status
13,096
14.13
.06
8,053
13.13
.08
5,042
15.38
.19
85.4Divorced
8,283
14.94
.05
5,019
14.03
.09
3,264
16.20
.18
86.6Separated
3,276
12.34
.16
1,844
11.72
.20
1,432
13.84
.20
84.7Widowed
1,536
13.06
.17
1,190
12.59
.30
347
15.53
.69
81.1Union affiliation(1)Members of unions(2)
8,570
18.97
.14
3,450
16.79
.16
5,120
20.13
.07
83.4Represented by unions(3)
9,469
18.72
.20
3,896
16.57
.20
5,573
20.04
.07
82.7Not represented by a union
68,763
12.92
.03
35,604
12.16
.02
33,159
13.86
.05
87.7Educational attainmentTotal, 25 years and older
62,670
14.91
.02
31,716
13.92
.04
30,954
15.86
.05
87.8Less than a high school diploma
6,967
11.04
.06
2,676
9.98
.03
4,291
12.16
.06
82.1High school graduates, no college
21,536
14.00
.04
9,839
12.28
.07
11,697
15.33
.13
80.1Some college or associate's degree
20,737
15.07
.03
11,251
14.05
.06
9,486
16.59
.14
84.7Bachelor's degree and higher
13,429
19.72
.15
7,950
19.17
.21
5,479
19.93
.09
96.2(1) Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, industry, and geographic region.

(2) Members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.

(3) Union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 9. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2015 annual averages (in thousands)

Characteristic
Total employed
Number of workers with hourly earnings of—Under $6.00
$6.00 to $7.99
$8.00 to $9.99
$10.00 to $11.99
$12.00 to $14.99
$15.00 to $19.99
$20.00 or moreAgeTotal, 16 years and older
78,232
1,265
2,766
13,204
13,095
13,588
15,339
18,97516 to 24 years
15,562
502
1,462
5,534
3,676
2,280
1,473
63416 to 19 years
4,355
137
780
2,107
883
273
132
4220 to 24 years
11,207
365
682
3,427
2,792
2,007
1,342
59225 years and older
62,670
762
1,303
7,670
9,420
11,308
13,865
18,34125 to 34 years
18,302
353
467
2,594
3,194
3,765
4,062
3,86735 to 44 years
14,530
185
270
1,681
2,046
2,543
3,224
4,58245 to 54 years
14,917
124
272
1,586
2,006
2,465
3,368
5,09755 to 64 years
11,400
85
199
1,191
1,475
1,942
2,534
3,97565 years and older
3,520
15
95
618
699
594
678
821Women, 16 years and older
39,500
821
1,681
7,774
7,051
7,033
7,209
7,93216 to 24 years
7,784
354
829
2,986
1,821
1,033
562
19816 to 19 years
2,231
91
443
1,110
414
116
49
920 to 24 years
5,553
263
386
1,876
1,407
917
513
18925 years and older
31,716
467
851
4,788
5,230
6,000
6,647
7,73425 to 34 years
8,613
221
258
1,460
1,523
1,842
1,670
1,63935 to 44 years
7,222
114
196
1,082
1,174
1,254
1,531
1,87045 to 54 years
7,866
73
196
1,068
1,226
1,392
1,711
2,20055 to 64 years
6,093
50
140
812
900
1,167
1,385
1,63965 years and older
1,922
9
61
366
406
346
350
385Men, 16 years and older
38,732
443
1,085
5,430
6,044
6,555
8,130
11,04416 to 24 years
7,778
148
633
2,548
1,855
1,247
911
43716 to 19 years
2,124
46
337
997
470
157
83
3420 to 24 years
5,654
102
296
1,551
1,385
1,090
829
40325 years and older
30,954
296
452
2,882
4,190
5,308
7,219
10,60725 to 34 years
9,689
132
208
1,134
1,671
1,923
2,393
2,22835 to 44 years
7,308
71
74
599
871
1,289
1,693
2,71145 to 54 years
7,051
51
76
518
779
1,073
1,656
2,89655 to 64 years
5,307
36
59
379
574
775
1,149
2,33665 years and older
1,598
7
35
252
294
248
328
436Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicityWhite
60,306
1,023
1,837
9,693
9,850
10,340
12,244
15,321Women
29,858
685
1,113
5,681
5,234
5,322
5,630
6,194Men
30,448
338
723
4,011
4,616
5,018
6,614
9,128Black or African American
11,178
140
716
2,288
2,117
2,089
1,883
1,945Women
6,163
69
443
1,389
1,232
1,098
989
942Men
5,015
71
273
899
885
991
894
1,003Asian
3,690
53
99
598
565
603
686
1,086Women
1,975
39
60
341
294
344
361
536Men
1,715
14
40
257
270
258
326
550Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
15,809
208
530
3,369
3,271
3,008
2,898
2,526Women
6,984
126
310
1,853
1,540
1,265
1,102
788Men
8,825
81
219
1,516
1,731
1,742
1,796
1,738Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 10. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, by selected demographic characteristics, 2015 annual averages

Characteristic
Workers paid hourly ratesTotal
(thousands)
Below prevailing federal minimum wage
(thousands)
At prevailing federal minimum wage
(thousands)
Total at or below prevailing federal minimum wageNumber
(thousands)
Percentage of workers paid hourly ratesAgeTotal, 16 years and older
78,232
1,691
870
2,561
3.316 to 24 years
15,562
678
475
1,153
7.416 to 19 years
4,355
229
258
487
11.220 to 24 years
11,207
449
217
666
5.925 years and older
62,670
1,013
395
1,408
2.225 to 34 years
18,302
439
157
596
3.335 to 44 years
14,530
243
73
316
2.245 to 54 years
14,917
197
63
260
1.755 to 64 years
11,400
106
81
186
1.665 years and older
3,520
28
22
50
1.4Women, 16 years and older
39,500
1,062
540
1,602
4.116 to 24 years
7,784
454
282
736
9.516 to 19 years
2,231
143
150
293
13.120 to 24 years
5,553
311
132
443
8.025 years and older
31,716
608
258
866
2.725 to 34 years
8,613
258
90
348
4.035 to 44 years
7,222
152
50
202
2.845 to 54 years
7,866
121
48
169
2.255 to 64 years
6,093
63
53
116
1.965 years and older
1,922
14
16
30
1.6Men, 16 years and older
38,732
629
330
959
2.516 to 24 years
7,778
224
193
417
5.416 to 19 years
2,124
87
107
194
9.120 to 24 years
5,654
138
85
223
3.925 years and older
30,954
404
137
542
1.825 to 34 years
9,689
181
67
248
2.635 to 44 years
7,308
91
23
113
1.645 to 54 years
7,051
76
15
90
1.355 to 64 years
5,307
42
28
70
1.365 years and older
1,598
14
6
20
1.3Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicityWhite
60,306
1,311
561
1,872
3.1Women
29,858
862
343
1,205
4.0Men
30,448
450
218
667
2.2Black or African American
11,178
234
247
481
4.3Women
6,163
108
162
270
4.4Men
5,015
127
85
212
4.2Asian
3,690
78
32
109
3.0Women
1,975
55
20
74
3.8Men
1,715
23
12
35
2.0Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
15,809
300
159
459
2.9Women
6,984
179
92
272
3.9Men
8,825
121
67
188
2.1Full- and part-time status(1)Full-time workers
57,809
787
288
1,075
1.9Women
26,146
436
170
606
2.3Men
31,662
351
118
469
1.5Part-time workers
20,285
898
579
1,477
7.3Women
13,296
624
367
991
7.5Men
6,989
274
212
486
7.0(1) The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data do not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders.

Note: See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers. Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, 1979–2015 annual averages

Year
Total wage and salary workers (thousands)
Workers paid hourly ratesTotal
(thousands)
Percentage of total wage and salary workers
Below prevailing federal minimum wage
(thousands)(1)
At prevailing federal minimum wage
thousands)(1)
Total at or below prevailing federal minimum wageNumber
(thousands)
Percentage of workers paid hourly ratesTotal1979
87,529
51,721
59.1
2,916
3,997
6,912
13.41980
87,644
51,335
58.6
3,087
4,686
7,773
15.11981
88,516
51,869
58.6
3,513
4,311
7,824
15.11982
87,368
50,846
58.2
2,348
4,148
6,496
12.81983
88,290
51,820
58.7
2,077
4,261
6,338
12.21984
92,194
54,143
58.7
1,838
4,125
5,963
11.01985
94,521
55,762
59.0
1,639
3,899
5,538
9.91986
96,903
57,529
59.4
1,599
3,461
5,060
8.81987
99,303
59,552
60.0
1,468
3,229
4,698
7.91988
101,407
60,878
60.0
1,319
2,608
3,927
6.51989
103,480
62,389
60.3
1,372
1,790
3,162
5.11990
104,876
63,172
60.2
2,132
1,096
3,228
5.11991
103,723
62,627
60.4
2,377
2,906
5,283
8.41992
104,668
63,610
60.8
1,939
2,982
4,921
7.71993
106,101
64,274
60.6
1,707
2,625
4,332
6.71994
107,989
66,549
61.6
1,995
2,132
4,128
6.21995
110,038
68,354
62.1
1,699
1,956
3,656
5.31996
111,960
69,255
61.9
1,863
1,861
3,724
5.41997
114,533
70,735
61.8
2,990
1,764
4,754
6.71998
116,730
71,440
61.2
2,834
1,593
4,427
6.21999
118,963
72,306
60.8
2,194
1,146
3,340
4.62000
122,089
73,496
60.2
1,752
898
2,650
3.62001
122,229
73,392
60.0
1,518
656
2,174
3.02002
121,826
72,508
59.5
1,579
567
2,146
3.02003
122,358
72,946
59.6
1,555
545
2,100
2.92004
123,554
73,939
59.8
1,483
520
2,003
2.72005
125,889
75,609
60.1
1,403
479
1,882
2.52006
128,237
76,514
59.7
1,283
409
1,692
2.22007
129,767
75,873
58.5
1,462
267
1,729
2.32008
129,377
75,305
58.2
1,940
286
2,226
3.02009
124,490
72,611
58.3
2,592
980
3,572
4.92010
124,073
72,902
58.8
2,541
1,820
4,361
6.02011
125,187
73,926
59.1
2,152
1,677
3,829
5.22012
127,577
75,276
59.0
1,984
1,566
3,550
4.72013
129,110
75,948
58.8
1,768
1,532
3,301
4.32014
131,431
77,207
58.7
1,737
1,255
2,992
3.92015
133,743
78,232
58.5
1,691
870
2,561
3.3Women1979
38,129
23,329
61.2
2,070
2,644
4,714
20.21980
38,944
23,626
60.7
2,104
2,990
5,095
21.61981
39,672
24,294
61.2
2,394
2,778
5,172
21.31982
39,777
24,365
61.3
1,651
2,561
4,212
17.31983
40,433
24,989
61.8
1,492
2,603
4,095
16.41984
42,172
26,003
61.7
1,348
2,499
3,847
14.81985
43,506
26,869
61.8
1,198
2,356
3,554
13.21986
44,961
27,863
62.0
1,192
2,125
3,317
11.91987
46,365
29,078
62.7
1,105
1,946
3,051
10.51988
47,495
29,820
62.8
1,008
1,542
2,550
8.61989
48,691
30,702
63.1
994
1,056
2,050
6.71990
49,323
31,069
63.0
1,420
711
2,131
6.91991
49,105
30,988
63.1
1,582
1,792
3,374
10.91992
49,842
31,454
63.1
1,286
1,751
3,036
9.71993
50,626
31,937
63.1
1,133
1,534
2,667
8.41994
51,419
33,021
64.2
1,322
1,241
2,563
7.81995
52,369
33,934
64.8
1,157
1,161
2,318
6.81996
53,488
34,418
64.3
1,244
1,106
2,350
6.81997
54,708
35,214
64.4
1,843
1,092
2,935
8.31998
55,757
35,680
64.0
1,794
965
2,760
7.71999
57,050
36,233
63.5
1,426
700
2,126
5.92000
58,427
36,777
62.9
1,170
579
1,749
4.82001
58,582
36,848
62.9
1,021
409
1,430
3.92002
58,555
36,508
62.3
997
350
1,347
3.72003
59,122
37,093
62.7
1,062
332
1,394
3.82004
59,408
37,133
62.5
1,013
310
1,323
3.62005
60,423
37,957
62.8
944
290
1,234
3.32006
61,426
38,321
62.4
861
263
1,124
2.92007
62,299
38,082
61.1
1,002
181
1,183
3.12008
62,532
37,972
60.7
1,302
196
1,498
3.92009
60,951
37,426
61.4
1,603
612
2,215
5.92010
60,542
37,404
61.8
1,598
1,151
2,749
7.32011
60,502
37,469
61.9
1,366
1,029
2,395
6.42012
61,679
38,163
61.9
1,288
999
2,287
6.02013
62,316
38,404
61.6
1,148
910
2,058
5.42014
63,383
38,802
61.2
1,139
739
1,878
4.82015
64,445
39,500
61.3
1,062
540
1,602
4.1Men1979
49,400
28,392
57.5
846
1,353
2,199
7.71980
48,700
27,709
56.9
983
1,696
2,678
9.71981
48,844
27,576
56.5
1,119
1,533
2,652
9.61982
47,591
26,481
55.6
697
1,587
2,284
8.61983
47,856
26,831
56.1
585
1,658
2,243
8.41984
50,022
28,140
56.3
490
1,626
2,116
7.51985
51,015
28,893
56.6
440
1,544
1,984
6.91986
51,942
29,666
57.1
408
1,336
1,743
5.91987
52,938
30,474
57.6
364
1,283
1,647
5.41988
53,912
31,058
57.6
311
1,066
1,377
4.41989
54,789
31,687
57.8
379
733
1,112
3.51990
55,553
32,104
57.8
712
385
1,097
3.41991
54,618
31,639
57.9
795
1,114
1,909
6.01992
54,826
32,155
58.6
653
1,231
1,885
5.91993
55,475
32,337
58.3
573
1,091
1,664
5.11994
56,570
33,528
59.3
674
891
1,565
4.71995
57,669
34,420
59.7
542
796
1,338
3.91996
58,473
34,838
59.6
619
755
1,374
3.91997
59,825
35,521
59.4
1,147
673
1,820
5.11998
60,973
35,761
58.7
1,039
628
1,667
4.71999
61,914
36,073
58.3
768
446
1,214
3.42000
63,662
36,720
57.7
582
319
901
2.52001
63,647
36,544
57.4
497
247
744
2.02002
63,272
36,000
56.9
582
217
799
2.22003
63,236
35,853
56.7
493
213
706
2.02004
64,145
36,806
57.4
470
210
680
1.82005
65,466
37,652
57.5
459
189
648
1.72006
66,811
38,193
57.2
422
146
568
1.52007
67,468
37,790
56.0
460
86
546
1.42008
66,846
37,334
55.9
638
90
728
1.92009
63,539
35,185
55.4
990
368
1,358
3.92010
63,531
35,498
55.9
943
669
1,612
4.52011
64,686
36,457
56.4
785
648
1,433
3.92012
65,898
37,113
56.3
696
567
1,263
3.42013
66,794
37,544
56.2
621
622
1,243
3.32014
68,048
38,405
56.4
598
516
1,114
2.92015
69,298
38,732
55.9
629
330
959
2.5(1) Data for 1990–91, 1996–97, and 2007–09 reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place in those years.

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 12. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2015

Year
Total, 16 years and older
16 to 24 years
25 years and olderTotal
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and older1979
62.3
78.6
85.2
76.3
62.1
67.5
58.3
56.8
60.6
77.61980
64.2
80.3
89.5
78.1
62.8
69.4
58.3
56.9
59.4
76.41981
64.4
82.6
91.7
80.6
62.6
70.3
59.9
56.8
58.9
71.11982
65.7
85.3
92.9
82.4
64.9
72.1
61.1
60.1
61.4
70.31983
66.5
88.8
94.0
85.5
65.8
73.3
61.5
59.5
61.8
68.81984
67.6
87.9
93.1
85.2
67.1
74.6
62.0
59.4
61.5
66.81985
68.1
87.6
90.7
85.7
66.8
75.1
63.0
59.7
61.0
65.91986
69.5
89.0
91.4
87.5
66.5
76.1
63.9
60.9
61.2
71.51987
69.8
88.3
87.8
88.0
67.3
76.7
66.1
62.3
62.2
68.71988
70.2
89.7
89.8
90.0
68.8
77.7
68.5
61.7
62.3
70.91989
70.1
90.8
94.3
89.7
70.2
78.3
68.3
62.7
63.9
74.31990
71.9
90.1
90.8
90.3
72.1
79.3
69.6
63.8
63.7
74.41991
74.2
93.3
93.6
93.3
74.0
81.0
70.7
65.0
64.5
68.31992
75.8
94.0
94.0
94.3
74.6
82.0
71.9
65.8
64.9
77.91993
77.1
94.8
92.8
95.4
74.8
83.0
73.0
67.4
67.4
74.31994
76.4
93.9
92.5
94.5
73.1
82.9
72.6
67.1
66.0
76.21995
75.5
90.8
88.1
92.4
72.8
82.2
72.6
67.7
64.7
80.01996
75.0
92.5
88.8
92.8
74.1
83.2
73.3
68.9
65.3
70.01997
74.4
92.1
91.6
90.5
75.1
82.9
74.0
69.4
64.7
77.01998
76.3
91.3
88.6
89.4
75.9
82.9
73.6
70.5
68.1
72.61999
76.5
91.0
91.4
90.5
74.4
81.5
71.7
70.0
67.9
78.72000
76.9
91.7
92.5
92.7
74.5
82.4
71.6
73.2
69.1
75.12001
76.4
90.3
90.3
91.9
75.4
83.0
72.5
73.5
70.5
69.02002
77.9
93.9
94.6
93.9
77.6
84.5
75.2
74.6
71.6
73.82003
79.4
93.2
93.1
93.9
78.5
86.9
76.1
73.0
72.7
71.12004
80.4
93.8
92.1
93.8
78.6
87.8
75.6
72.9
73.0
74.62005
81.0
93.2
92.1
93.8
79.4
89.0
75.5
75.5
74.7
76.42006
80.8
94.5
87.6
94.9
78.7
88.2
77.2
73.5
72.9
77.52007
80.2
92.3
89.1
90.3
78.5
86.9
76.5
74.5
72.8
77.82008
79.9
91.1
87.3
92.5
78.2
88.5
74.5
74.9
75.4
74.82009
80.2
92.6
90.7
92.9
78.7
88.7
77.4
73.6
75.3
76.12010
81.2
95.3
94.6
93.8
80.5
90.8
79.9
76.5
75.2
75.72011
82.2
92.5
88.6
93.2
81.0
92.3
78.5
76.0
75.1
80.92012
80.9
88.9
88.5
89.0
79.9
90.2
78.1
75.1
76.2
77.62013
82.1
88.3
89.7
89.8
81.1
89.4
80.2
76.6
77.1
73.72014
82.5
91.5
91.1
92.3
81.6
89.9
81.0
77.2
76.4
78.62015
81.1
88.2
89.4
89.7
80.4
89.6
81.8
76.8
73.7
73.8Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 22.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 13. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2015

Year
Total, 16 years and older
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity1979
62.3
61.7
74.4
–
71.71980
64.2
63.4
75.8
–
73.51981
64.4
63.1
76.9
–
75.71982
65.7
64.5
78.1
–
75.51983
66.5
65.6
78.9
–
78.51984
67.6
66.8
79.5
–
77.71985
68.1
67.2
82.6
–
77.71986
69.5
67.9
82.8
–
80.61987
69.8
68.2
84.4
–
82.01988
70.2
68.4
82.8
–
84.41989
70.1
69.3
86.5
–
85.41990
71.9
71.5
85.3
–
87.41991
74.2
73.7
86.1
–
90.41992
75.8
75.3
88.2
–
89.11993
77.1
76.5
88.8
–
90.51994
76.4
74.6
86.5
–
88.91995
75.5
73.3
86.4
–
87.11996
75.0
73.8
87.9
–
88.81997
74.4
74.6
86.8
–
85.71998
76.3
76.1
85.5
–
86.41999
76.5
75.7
83.8
–
85.72000
76.9
75.8
84.1
79.9
87.82001
76.4
75.8
85.8
76.9
88.22002
77.9
77.9
90.3
74.9
88.02003
79.4
79.3
88.5
77.5
88.42004
80.4
79.8
88.8
76.4
87.32005
81.0
80.2
89.3
80.6
87.72006
80.8
80.0
87.8
79.3
87.12007
80.2
79.4
88.8
78.1
91.02008
79.9
79.3
89.4
78.0
89.62009
80.2
79.2
93.7
81.8
89.52010
81.2
80.5
93.5
82.6
90.72011
82.2
82.1
91.1
77.4
90.72012
80.9
80.8
90.1
73.0
88.02013
82.1
81.7
91.3
77.3
91.12014
82.5
81.8
89.9
77.9
89.02015
81.1
80.8
90.4
77.7
89.7Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 23. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–02 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 14. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979–2015

Year
Total, 25 years and older
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Some college or associate's degree
Bachelor's degree and higher1979
62.1
60.3
60.1
64.1
66.71980
62.8
61.4
61.5
64.5
67.91981
62.6
61.2
61.0
65.6
66.91982
64.9
62.8
63.1
66.7
68.81983
65.8
64.8
63.4
68.2
71.21984
67.1
64.9
64.9
68.4
69.41985
66.8
64.3
65.8
67.2
70.21986
66.5
64.8
66.6
68.0
70.61987
67.3
66.0
68.1
69.8
71.41988
68.8
66.6
68.2
71.6
71.41989
70.2
66.8
67.6
73.3
71.91990
72.1
68.8
68.6
72.9
72.21991
74.0
71.6
69.8
72.6
73.61992
74.6
72.9
70.4
73.3
75.11993
74.8
73.9
71.3
73.8
75.81994
73.1
75.1
70.8
72.1
76.81995
72.8
75.5
70.2
71.6
76.21996
74.1
75.1
70.7
73.2
75.21997
75.1
75.3
70.7
73.9
75.01998
75.9
73.9
70.8
74.0
75.31999
74.4
73.4
69.8
73.4
75.72000
74.5
74.9
71.1
73.1
74.12001
75.4
75.4
72.7
71.9
73.72002
77.6
77.2
74.2
74.3
74.22003
78.5
76.7
75.5
75.7
73.62004
78.6
74.9
75.7
75.8
75.22005
79.4
74.9
75.6
76.6
75.72006
78.7
76.3
73.7
75.6
75.12007
78.5
76.7
74.3
75.2
75.02008
78.2
76.1
73.3
75.7
74.32009
78.7
76.4
75.7
75.4
73.12010
80.5
79.8
76.5
75.5
74.12011
81.0
80.9
76.9
76.8
74.92012
79.9
76.0
76.3
76.9
73.02013
81.1
80.0
78.3
76.6
74.82014
81.6
79.1
77.0
75.8
75.72015
80.4
80.4
77.2
75.2
74.9Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older in table 24.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 15. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2015

Year
Total, 16 years and older
16 to 24 years
25 years and olderTotal
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and older1979
64.1
81.8
95.0
75.9
58.3
63.3
55.8
54.1
56.9
87.61980
64.8
84.1
93.2
77.0
58.7
64.1
54.9
54.4
56.4
89.21981
65.1
86.1
96.7
80.0
60.3
66.7
57.5
54.1
56.2
88.11982
67.3
86.3
97.0
81.8
62.1
67.7
57.1
55.7
59.0
88.11983
69.4
87.2
96.7
84.4
62.9
70.3
57.6
56.7
58.0
87.61984
69.8
86.0
96.5
84.5
63.7
71.1
59.0
56.9
59.5
89.01985
70.0
85.7
96.3
87.2
64.7
72.4
60.3
57.8
60.4
88.81986
70.2
85.8
95.5
86.7
66.0
74.1
61.4
59.0
60.3
91.31987
72.1
85.9
93.9
86.1
67.2
74.3
62.9
61.3
62.0
91.21988
73.8
89.1
94.4
87.2
68.7
75.6
66.1
61.6
62.4
92.81989
75.4
90.7
93.4
86.9
69.8
78.0
67.0
63.4
63.8
87.11990
77.9
91.0
93.8
90.1
71.8
79.4
68.7
64.3
66.2
89.61991
78.6
91.0
97.9
91.7
73.5
80.4
70.4
65.0
68.9
92.61992
80.3
91.3
97.7
92.5
76.0
82.6
73.1
66.1
69.3
92.61993
80.4
91.7
97.1
94.2
77.3
83.6
73.1
67.3
69.0
92.11994
80.6
90.5
97.0
91.2
78.2
85.5
73.4
69.9
70.7
94.01995
80.8
90.9
96.1
89.3
76.1
83.7
72.6
70.8
71.4
94.21996
81.2
92.1
97.0
89.6
78.2
83.1
74.6
72.1
72.4
91.61997
80.8
92.2
96.6
91.2
78.8
82.7
75.7
72.3
70.5
98.11998
81.8
90.3
96.7
89.1
77.9
86.1
77.4
75.0
72.4
93.21999
83.8
92.7
96.8
89.9
79.4
83.9
76.9
72.7
76.4
95.42000
83.8
91.7
93.8
93.0
80.8
88.3
76.3
73.2
76.8
94.72001
85.2
90.5
95.8
89.7
79.2
85.8
75.0
76.1
80.2
90.42002
85.0
92.5
96.9
91.3
82.1
85.1
78.7
77.6
80.8
89.32003
84.8
93.2
97.6
91.0
83.1
87.5
79.1
79.0
78.4
90.32004
84.6
93.9
95.9
91.7
81.7
88.3
78.4
79.1
79.6
92.52005
84.8
92.6
96.0
92.4
83.2
89.2
79.6
80.2
80.2
97.82006
84.0
90.9
95.7
90.5
83.2
87.6
80.0
76.4
80.6
93.02007
84.8
89.3
95.4
90.4
81.7
87.4
81.5
79.6
79.2
92.22008
85.4
91.2
96.6
91.6
83.0
87.0
80.5
78.2
81.8
91.62009
85.5
93.1
97.1
92.0
84.7
90.6
80.7
77.0
84.5
92.62010
86.0
93.6
97.8
91.7
85.6
91.9
82.9
79.9
83.2
93.82011
86.8
94.6
97.5
92.5
86.7
92.0
83.8
81.5
82.2
91.52012
86.4
93.0
97.9
92.0
86.8
91.5
83.9
81.2
83.1
90.92013
86.6
92.3
96.7
94.0
87.5
91.1
84.9
81.2
84.1
94.92014
84.6
92.4
96.1
96.3
85.7
87.0
84.6
81.2
81.3
89.22015
85.6
95.1
97.5
93.5
87.8
91.0
85.7
84.3
82.1
89.5Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information on historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of workers paid hourly rates in table 25.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 16. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2015

Year
Total, 16 years and older
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity1979
64.1
62.5
72.6
–
71.81980
64.8
63.6
74.9
–
75.11981
65.1
63.8
72.1
–
76.41982
67.3
66.0
75.2
–
75.61983
69.4
68.0
79.2
–
76.11984
69.8
68.6
79.1
–
77.01985
70.0
67.8
82.0
–
79.41986
70.2
68.8
78.7
–
80.81987
72.1
70.9
80.1
–
80.21988
73.8
72.7
80.8
–
81.11989
75.4
74.0
83.2
–
83.01990
77.9
75.6
84.5
–
86.11991
78.6
76.6
86.5
–
86.91992
80.3
78.6
87.1
–
88.31993
80.4
78.9
89.6
–
88.61994
80.6
79.7
87.5
–
89.31995
80.8
78.4
87.3
–
90.91996
81.2
79.6
88.0
–
88.81997
80.8
80.3
87.5
–
86.31998
81.8
81.8
86.9
–
87.61999
83.8
82.3
83.2
–
86.62000
83.8
83.0
88.8
90.5
87.32001
85.2
83.8
89.9
85.1
85.62002
85.0
83.8
92.3
91.7
86.12003
84.8
84.0
91.7
89.8
88.52004
84.6
84.0
91.3
88.8
90.22005
84.8
84.2
91.1
91.3
90.12006
84.0
83.6
88.5
90.7
87.62007
84.8
83.7
90.3
89.5
88.52008
85.4
84.5
89.9
87.3
85.12009
85.5
84.8
89.7
90.4
84.62010
86.0
85.0
92.1
88.0
86.22011
86.8
85.9
93.5
89.8
86.82012
86.4
85.3
92.0
90.1
85.42013
86.6
85.7
94.9
91.6
87.52014
84.6
83.3
94.8
90.2
86.62015
85.6
85.9
92.4
92.8
85.8Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in table 26. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–02 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2015 annual averages (in constant 2015 dollars)

Year
Total, 16 years and older
16 to 24 years
25 years and olderTotal
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and olderTotal1979
$735
$524
$439
$567
$808
$777
$854
$841
$799
$6041980
718
512
422
548
784
756
827
816
781
5561981
710
500
402
532
770
740
815
800
772
5551982
712
491
387
519
771
733
835
814
767
5971983
708
477
371
505
776
726
837
830
783
5901984
709
472
367
502
787
728
846
837
796
5911985
723
471
366
504
796
733
853
840
800
6241986
742
479
368
512
808
744
866
860
820
6161987
747
485
371
517
804
745
868
856
808
6191988
742
480
378
513
798
738
867
873
807
6221989
736
478
376
509
788
727
871
871
795
6161990
725
474
368
502
790
717
856
861
805
6041991
723
470
362
494
793
705
846
861
796
6471992
728
457
351
480
793
699
833
864
800
6261993
742
456
346
480
793
704
835
876
795
6351994
739
453
350
475
791
695
850
896
793
6081995
740
451
357
473
788
697
850
900
794
6011996
737
448
361
469
782
696
841
893
805
5771997
741
451
371
473
795
708
853
894
822
5791998
760
464
390
493
831
730
868
901
860
5891999
781
485
400
516
842
737
869
927
859
5752000
792
497
409
527
838
755
860
920
853
6372001
798
502
408
527
843
771
880
928
854
6532002
801
502
402
526
851
779
880
930
888
6612003
799
499
401
518
853
765
885
932
912
6652004
801
489
388
509
857
758
895
932
910
7032005
790
482
386
499
845
740
887
908
900
6912006
788
481
381
497
844
730
879
908
899
6852007
794
485
385
514
843
735
879
903
918
6912008
795
488
384
514
838
733
885
905
909
7092009
817
488
380
513
855
749
903
926
929
7562010
812
470
377
493
850
741
896
917
935
7432011
797
464
371
482
840
730
882
913
928
7822012
793
458
367
479
841
730
885
906
926
7812013
789
462
379
480
841
720
889
898
920
8152014
792
477
378
491
840
727
882
900
912
8252015
809
487
389
501
860
735
900
923
927
873Women1979
555
470
402
491
595
607
598
585
576
5181980
551
458
397
479
584
597
586
573
562
4791981
548
450
385
478
582
598
595
562
555
4721982
564
453
373
474
601
608
608
594
578
4981983
570
448
357
468
606
615
615
597
581
4801984
576
441
352
463
615
620
635
607
587
4761985
582
443
349
464
622
622
645
613
599
5081986
601
452
351
477
636
632
659
636
612
5291987
605
453
343
483
641
631
673
647
615
5211988
607
453
355
484
645
630
682
653
611
5391989
605
454
363
480
648
627
683
659
614
5391990
609
447
349
474
650
627
687
664
613
5281991
621
452
348
475
657
630
691
676
616
5421992
629
442
339
464
662
632
692
690
623
5431993
635
441
331
467
670
638
703
711
638
5411994
631
437
334
459
666
628
709
712
630
5321995
628
425
332
450
662
623
700
717
623
5461996
629
427
335
448
668
624
696
723
632
5021997
635
430
353
451
680
629
710
729
638
5131998
663
443
362
464
705
656
724
750
692
5091999
673
461
378
488
707
669
716
760
700
5262000
678
473
389
503
710
678
717
776
699
5392001
685
473
386
502
727
685
732
786
718
5222002
697
484
389
507
748
698
752
793
756
5672003
711
478
385
499
753
704
760
785
774
5612004
719
471
368
491
752
704
763
784
772
6002005
710
462
369
481
743
695
754
782
775
5972006
705
464
358
485
737
685
758
774
773
5992007
702
467
363
487
738
682
763
774
776
6102008
703
463
355
490
738
686
751
779
783
6202009
726
469
357
492
759
701
783
787
803
6652010
727
459
365
477
765
704
795
793
800
6532011
721
444
346
462
757
698
773
784
789
7002012
713
429
341
443
750
687
771
770
791
6882013
718
430
356
450
753
677
780
774
792
7032014
720
451
357
468
753
680
782
781
781
7412015
726
450
364
468
761
690
804
799
784
740Men1979
890
598
473
643
957
899
1,024
1,030
951
6681980
858
570
444
614
929
860
1,005
1,005
945
6271981
850
545
420
592
930
850
992
990
942
6651982
858
531
401
575
927
844
995
988
941
7081983
857
505
380
548
921
839
1,000
1,005
941
6971984
852
502
378
543
917
830
1,024
1,022
954
7131985
855
506
384
542
931
828
1,023
1,027
981
7711986
866
508
384
545
957
831
1,031
1,045
1,000
7401987
866
513
391
549
952
822
1,018
1,038
988
7581988
865
505
395
538
938
811
996
1,058
981
7611989
863
500
386
535
923
801
1,000
1,050
961
7251990
847
496
384
525
901
790
986
1,040
961
7101991
837
484
372
509
888
778
978
1,039
956
7931992
829
470
361
492
887
772
962
1,050
959
6971993
824
465
357
489
897
769
963
1,055
947
7291994
826
465
361
486
911
758
976
1,062
954
6981995
832
468
377
487
909
757
964
1,059
963
6821996
838
462
377
483
901
750
950
1,050
967
7171997
853
467
386
498
906
758
959
1,050
985
6661998
869
485
408
519
929
791
984
1,064
1,016
7011999
879
506
414
539
950
821
999
1,085
1,031
6692000
882
516
421
543
953
823
1,001
1,061
1,011
7182001
897
523
427
546
964
826
1,009
1,070
1,017
7562002
895
515
411
540
964
826
1,000
1,063
1,057
7682003
896
513
414
531
959
809
999
1,075
1,066
7892004
895
502
399
523
956
802
1,009
1,075
1,058
8042005
876
496
400
512
936
782
998
1,035
1,038
7822006
873
491
409
511
937
777
982
1,054
1,060
7732007
875
506
408
539
941
785
998
1,039
1,066
7842008
879
508
406
530
944
775
1,008
1,040
1,039
8292009
905
506
393
529
965
790
1,012
1,069
1,066
8742010
896
482
386
509
950
776
995
1,037
1,064
8632011
877
479
390
495
934
756
985
1,032
1,051
8652012
881
483
385
497
939
762
988
1,026
1,037
8882013
875
487
397
501
928
757
973
1,011
1,028
9532014
872
493
392
508
923
756
965
1,012
1,022
9432015
895
510
407
522
947
770
983
1,040
1,064
1,003Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2015 annual averages (in constant 2015 dollars)

Year
Total, 16 years and older
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicityTotal1979
$735
$756
$607
–
$5911980
718
737
581
–
5731981
710
728
588
–
5581982
712
731
578
–
5661983
708
724
590
–
5661984
709
730
585
–
5631985
723
748
582
–
5671986
742
767
601
–
5721987
747
766
601
–
5691988
742
761
605
–
5591989
736
755
589
–
5501990
725
746
579
–
5351991
723
750
591
–
5301992
728
758
591
–
5311993
742
767
596
–
5351994
739
766
587
–
5131995
740
764
592
–
5091996
737
761
582
–
5101997
741
764
589
–
5171998
760
792
619
–
5381999
781
815
633
–
5482000
792
812
652
$846
5492001
798
817
657
855
5582002
801
821
656
867
5592003
799
820
662
893
5672004
801
824
659
888
5722005
790
816
631
914
5722006
788
811
651
921
5712007
794
818
650
949
5752008
795
817
649
948
5832009
817
836
664
972
5982010
812
832
664
929
5822011
797
817
648
913
5792012
793
817
641
949
5862013
789
816
640
958
5882014
792
817
640
954
5952015
809
835
641
993
604Women1979
555
561
515
–
4791980
551
556
507
–
4711981
548
552
515
–
4751982
564
571
512
–
4791983
570
575
525
–
4861984
576
583
524
–
4851985
582
590
529
–
4831986
601
607
545
–
4981987
605
613
551
–
5011988
607
613
555
–
5011989
605
616
555
–
4961990
609
621
542
–
4891991
621
633
548
–
4961992
629
641
555
–
5001993
635
648
562
–
5061994
631
646
547
–
4831995
628
641
549
–
4711996
629
644
544
–
4751997
635
654
552
–
4681998
663
680
581
–
4901999
673
687
582
–
4952000
678
691
590
752
5032001
685
699
608
754
5192002
697
721
623
746
5232003
711
731
633
771
5282004
719
733
634
769
5262005
710
723
606
807
5212006
705
716
610
821
5172007
702
715
609
835
5412008
703
720
610
829
5522009
726
739
643
861
5622010
727
743
643
840
5522011
721
741
627
791
5462012
713
733
618
795
5382013
718
734
616
833
5502014
720
735
612
842
5492015
726
743
615
877
566Men1979
890
909
692
–
6681980
858
877
668
–
6411981
850
875
670
–
6281982
858
884
656
–
6341983
857
876
665
–
6201984
852
872
659
–
6241985
855
878
641
–
6221986
866
895
659
–
6181987
866
898
653
–
6111988
865
896
671
–
5931989
863
889
642
–
5811990
847
870
636
–
5601991
837
859
637
–
5481992
829
851
629
–
5611993
824
847
633
–
5591994
826
866
633
–
5431995
832
875
635
–
5411996
838
872
620
–
5351997
853
876
636
–
5461998
869
894
680
–
5671999
879
908
694
–
5782000
882
911
702
942
5742001
897
922
708
980
5892002
895
925
690
996
5942003
896
921
715
995
5982004
895
918
714
1,006
6022005
876
902
678
1,001
5932006
873
894
694
1,036
5932007
875
901
686
1,070
5942008
879
909
683
1,064
6162009
905
934
686
1,052
6292010
896
924
688
1,017
6092011
877
902
688
1,022
6022012
881
907
686
1,089
6112013
875
899
675
1,077
6042014
872
898
681
1,081
6172015
895
920
680
1,129
631Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–02 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979–2015 annual averages (in constant 2015 dollars)

Year
Total, 25 years and older
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Some college or associate's degree
Bachelor's degree and higherTotal1979
$808
$640
$759
$860
$1,0491980
784
608
729
833
1,0301981
770
600
715
810
1,0181982
771
585
712
828
1,0331983
776
579
704
821
1,0431984
787
572
702
830
1,0571985
796
567
700
838
1,0631986
808
574
711
845
1,0851987
804
567
711
840
1,1261988
798
555
709
829
1,1271989
788
548
692
834
1,1241990
790
533
680
838
1,1231991
793
521
674
830
1,1311992
793
515
667
801
1,1521993
793
507
670
798
1,1551994
791
486
666
790
1,1601995
788
478
668
785
1,1551996
782
477
666
779
1,1401997
795
473
679
788
1,1471998
831
490
696
811
1,1931999
842
492
697
825
1,2232000
838
498
695
820
1,2262001
843
511
696
826
1,2332002
851
511
705
829
1,2402003
853
510
714
823
1,2422004
857
503
720
829
1,2372005
845
496
708
813
1,2292006
844
492
699
813
1,2212007
843
489
690
805
1,2252008
838
499
681
795
1,2282009
855
502
692
802
1,2562010
850
483
680
798
1,2432011
840
475
672
779
1,2122012
841
486
673
773
1,2022013
841
480
662
761
1,2152014
840
488
669
762
1,1942015
860
493
678
762
1,230Women1979
595
463
564
643
8051980
584
449
551
633
7951981
582
438
542
638
7951982
601
434
557
646
8161983
606
441
557
652
8351984
615
435
563
663
8481985
622
424
563
666
8701986
636
430
572
682
9011987
641
427
575
693
9301988
645
426
574
694
9341989
648
426
561
699
9351990
650
423
555
695
9421991
657
424
557
694
9541992
662
424
558
674
9831993
670
425
561
682
9871994
666
407
555
669
1,0031995
662
405
550
660
9951996
668
403
549
665
9881997
680
405
557
676
9901998
705
411
576
692
1,0281999
707
413
576
694
1,0532000
710
418
578
695
1,0402001
727
423
593
696
1,0522002
748
428
603
715
1,0662003
753
424
611
722
1,0722004
752
419
612
724
1,0792005
743
414
598
712
1,0722006
737
421
588
707
1,0632007
738
422
585
696
1,0652008
738
416
573
692
1,0522009
759
422
599
696
1,0722010
765
422
590
693
1,0722011
757
416
584
680
1,0522012
750
398
579
680
1,0332013
753
407
583
668
1,0612014
753
409
579
662
1,0502015
761
418
586
664
1,064Men1979
957
768
939
1,003
1,2071980
929
732
896
981
1,1701981
930
715
890
972
1,1881982
927
691
882
969
1,1861983
921
681
878
955
1,1721984
917
670
867
970
1,2221985
931
660
855
992
1,2391986
957
663
860
1,002
1,2771987
952
647
844
992
1,3031988
938
640
842
969
1,3081989
923
638
830
954
1,3011990
901
614
808
954
1,3051991
888
593
798
956
1,2971992
887
581
793
919
1,3101993
897
575
787
924
1,3021994
911
541
785
929
1,3071995
909
536
784
921
1,3061996
901
537
776
908
1,3141997
906
538
788
915
1,3201998
929
557
812
935
1,3651999
950
562
825
946
1,3902000
953
558
813
950
1,4032001
964
561
815
968
1,4282002
964
555
813
963
1,4362003
959
553
809
954
1,4572004
956
560
809
955
1,4342005
936
552
791
930
1,4162006
937
551
797
935
1,4162007
941
550
787
926
1,4212008
944
547
781
914
1,4152009
965
552
791
923
1,4662010
950
528
772
918
1,4462011
934
514
759
885
1,4042012
939
524
759
884
1,4152013
928
509
745
873
1,4192014
923
518
752
873
1,3862015
947
520
759
883
1,420Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2015 annual averages (in constant 2015 dollars)

Year
Total, 16 years and older
16 to 24 years
25 years and olderTotal
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and olderTotal1979
$13.54
$10.64
$9.45
$12.26
$15.58
$15.85
$16.13
$15.73
$15.15
$9.851980
13.21
10.16
8.82
11.75
15.21
15.51
15.78
15.48
14.77
9.751981
12.88
9.92
8.95
11.52
14.98
15.22
15.50
15.02
14.52
9.801982
12.74
9.55
8.49
10.99
14.81
14.98
15.59
15.14
14.41
9.721983
12.65
9.23
8.17
10.61
14.82
14.71
15.63
15.23
14.50
9.951984
12.67
9.09
7.93
10.48
14.87
14.72
15.59
15.39
14.39
10.071985
12.67
8.95
7.71
10.38
14.81
14.54
15.74
15.48
14.52
9.961986
12.81
9.11
7.67
10.45
14.94
14.48
16.10
15.97
14.81
10.271987
12.91
9.16
7.60
10.40
14.89
14.35
15.85
15.69
14.81
10.141988
12.97
9.23
7.76
10.37
14.91
14.32
15.74
15.72
14.41
10.081989
12.90
9.13
7.79
10.42
14.65
14.10
15.79
15.54
14.43
10.001990
12.73
9.08
7.90
10.40
14.37
13.91
15.53
15.48
14.12
10.121991
12.73
8.93
7.96
10.19
14.40
13.65
15.57
15.47
13.90
10.081992
12.78
8.89
7.83
9.98
14.45
13.53
15.53
15.76
14.04
10.171993
12.71
8.90
7.75
9.94
14.46
13.36
15.53
15.93
14.38
10.321994
12.67
8.89
7.77
9.84
14.43
13.26
15.70
15.85
14.27
10.111995
12.63
8.96
7.79
9.92
14.47
13.46
15.49
15.66
14.22
10.281996
12.63
8.93
7.77
10.06
14.47
13.26
15.25
15.40
14.12
10.181997
12.89
9.06
8.11
10.18
14.54
13.31
15.26
15.61
14.33
10.151998
13.23
9.56
8.55
10.52
14.72
14.03
15.78
15.93
14.65
10.761999
13.56
9.77
8.65
11.01
14.89
14.20
15.68
16.12
14.77
10.952000
13.63
9.96
8.82
11.10
14.97
14.00
15.61
16.26
14.88
11.072001
13.64
10.29
9.05
11.22
15.26
14.28
16.02
16.29
15.22
11.422002
13.79
10.29
9.10
11.16
15.59
14.47
16.05
16.42
15.61
11.952003
13.98
10.18
8.93
11.16
15.53
14.50
16.06
16.71
15.71
11.842004
13.80
10.01
8.78
11.02
15.35
14.27
16.17
16.60
15.78
12.072005
13.58
9.79
8.56
10.81
15.15
14.27
15.91
16.36
15.72
12.052006
13.82
9.68
8.50
10.76
15.21
14.04
15.85
16.49
15.66
11.932007
13.66
9.89
8.65
11.04
15.04
13.77
15.92
16.45
15.67
11.852008
13.47
9.77
8.63
10.75
15.21
13.77
15.84
16.38
15.64
11.992009
13.75
9.83
8.75
10.80
15.37
13.92
16.12
16.41
16.24
12.702010
13.59
9.67
8.70
10.36
15.20
13.62
15.88
16.28
16.18
12.552011
13.39
9.45
8.49
10.13
14.88
13.39
15.63
15.81
15.88
12.852012
13.21
9.34
8.36
10.01
14.71
13.23
15.34
15.55
15.88
12.602013
13.15
9.32
8.33
10.00
14.75
13.10
15.24
15.43
15.89
12.692014
13.15
9.56
8.44
9.99
14.81
13.14
15.13
15.41
15.38
13.032015
13.44
9.85
8.85
10.14
14.91
13.60
15.16
15.84
15.91
13.08Women1979
11.04
9.73
9.24
10.73
11.89
12.32
12.10
11.71
11.43
9.511980
10.82
9.45
8.60
10.38
11.62
12.16
11.75
11.59
11.18
9.261981
10.70
9.28
8.80
10.22
11.72
12.22
11.92
11.48
11.08
9.281982
10.87
8.92
8.37
9.88
11.84
12.24
11.98
11.67
11.32
9.271983
10.86
8.64
8.03
9.64
11.83
12.31
12.01
11.74
11.47
9.411984
10.80
8.54
7.80
9.48
11.91
12.17
12.20
11.98
11.46
9.501985
10.78
8.42
7.58
9.58
12.04
12.16
12.42
12.10
11.47
9.311986
11.01
8.49
7.54
9.73
12.29
12.29
12.67
12.38
11.88
9.771987
11.18
8.42
7.41
9.76
12.30
12.26
12.67
12.53
12.04
9.681988
11.25
8.63
7.53
9.73
12.41
12.25
13.03
12.70
11.71
9.871989
11.27
8.65
7.56
9.65
12.51
12.32
13.10
12.73
11.77
9.481990
11.34
8.71
7.66
9.81
12.45
12.34
12.98
12.61
11.85
9.601991
11.46
8.62
7.88
9.69
12.46
12.21
13.12
12.92
11.80
9.781992
11.52
8.54
7.76
9.55
12.67
12.33
13.23
13.15
11.92
9.881993
11.50
8.51
7.64
9.63
12.71
12.29
13.18
13.21
12.21
9.981994
11.47
8.42
7.64
9.46
12.74
12.31
13.35
13.39
12.37
9.871995
11.53
8.49
7.64
9.41
12.63
12.24
13.34
13.48
12.26
9.971996
11.62
8.54
7.65
9.41
12.68
12.12
13.37
13.44
12.14
9.701997
11.69
8.76
7.98
9.65
12.89
12.08
13.46
13.64
12.24
10.061998
11.96
9.07
8.40
10.07
13.27
12.79
14.04
14.22
12.86
10.481999
12.29
9.39
8.51
10.27
13.56
12.94
13.98
14.15
13.27
10.672000
12.46
9.63
8.57
10.73
13.60
13.33
13.80
14.00
13.54
10.832001
12.90
9.71
8.85
10.71
13.65
13.31
13.98
14.52
13.91
10.902002
13.03
9.82
8.96
10.69
14.11
13.33
14.47
14.73
14.24
11.502003
12.99
9.78
8.83
10.55
14.19
13.54
14.39
15.19
14.24
11.392004
12.76
9.67
8.61
10.44
14.09
13.32
14.37
14.99
14.52
11.492005
12.51
9.47
8.40
10.32
14.05
13.18
14.37
14.72
14.39
11.922006
12.51
9.39
8.35
10.36
13.95
13.01
14.16
14.41
14.24
11.722007
12.55
9.31
8.47
10.29
13.77
12.81
14.13
14.69
13.98
11.602008
12.65
9.28
8.49
10.09
13.74
12.91
14.20
14.49
14.32
11.602009
12.99
9.48
8.64
10.15
14.10
13.22
14.36
14.46
15.02
12.282010
12.86
9.37
8.60
9.87
14.00
13.09
14.26
14.67
14.87
12.152011
12.62
9.20
8.39
9.65
13.80
12.77
14.16
14.50
14.78
12.392012
12.37
9.06
8.28
9.46
13.59
12.54
13.89
14.24
14.82
12.222013
12.33
9.08
8.23
9.56
13.59
12.44
14.01
14.18
14.78
12.432014
12.19
9.15
8.30
9.78
13.51
12.26
14.01
14.15
14.20
12.482015
12.56
9.54
8.75
9.95
13.92
12.89
14.13
14.80
14.77
12.66Men1979
17.23
11.89
9.73
14.15
20.40
19.45
21.71
21.65
20.09
10.851980
16.71
11.23
9.23
13.48
19.78
18.99
21.40
21.32
19.84
10.381981
16.42
10.78
9.10
12.78
19.45
18.32
20.75
21.22
19.70
10.521982
16.16
10.33
8.63
12.08
19.06
18.09
20.97
20.94
19.20
10.521983
15.66
9.91
8.30
11.43
18.80
17.51
20.86
20.72
19.77
10.751984
15.48
9.93
8.09
11.22
18.70
17.13
20.67
21.07
19.26
10.671985
15.40
9.83
7.88
10.99
18.59
16.81
20.59
20.95
18.99
10.481986
15.68
9.90
7.89
11.22
18.64
16.59
20.64
20.97
19.71
10.701987
15.51
9.80
7.88
11.34
18.28
16.49
20.16
20.44
19.40
10.621988
15.24
9.69
7.98
11.16
18.07
16.20
19.69
20.60
18.77
10.641989
14.94
9.54
8.10
11.11
17.92
15.79
19.54
20.07
18.45
10.891990
14.56
9.58
8.17
10.88
17.32
15.55
18.89
19.60
17.90
10.701991
14.58
9.47
8.05
10.58
16.94
15.18
18.64
19.88
17.11
10.561992
14.35
9.35
7.95
10.33
16.66
14.93
18.10
19.90
17.20
10.681993
14.31
9.29
7.87
10.23
16.45
14.70
18.03
19.63
17.71
10.841994
14.24
9.30
7.88
10.38
16.28
14.40
18.20
19.15
17.50
10.511995
14.27
9.34
7.94
10.54
16.58
14.62
18.38
19.04
17.17
10.591996
14.32
9.28
7.89
10.51
16.21
14.59
17.91
18.65
16.77
10.591997
14.48
9.50
8.26
10.57
16.35
14.61
17.78
18.85
17.36
10.251998
14.62
10.04
8.69
11.31
17.03
14.85
18.14
18.95
17.76
11.251999
14.67
10.13
8.79
11.42
17.07
15.42
18.18
19.46
17.37
11.182000
14.87
10.50
9.13
11.54
16.84
15.09
18.07
19.12
17.62
11.432001
15.15
10.72
9.24
11.94
17.24
15.50
18.63
19.08
17.34
12.052002
15.34
10.61
9.25
11.70
17.19
15.67
18.39
18.97
17.63
12.892003
15.32
10.49
9.05
11.60
17.07
15.48
18.21
19.24
18.16
12.622004
15.08
10.30
8.97
11.38
17.24
15.09
18.32
18.96
18.24
12.422005
14.76
10.22
8.75
11.17
16.88
14.77
18.06
18.36
17.95
12.182006
14.90
10.33
8.73
11.46
16.77
14.84
17.70
18.85
17.67
12.602007
14.80
10.43
8.88
11.38
16.86
14.66
17.34
18.46
17.66
12.582008
14.82
10.18
8.79
11.01
16.55
14.83
17.64
18.52
17.51
12.672009
15.20
10.19
8.90
11.04
16.65
14.59
17.79
18.77
17.78
13.262010
14.96
10.01
8.79
10.76
16.35
14.24
17.21
18.36
17.88
12.962011
14.54
9.73
8.60
10.43
15.92
13.89
16.89
17.79
17.99
13.542012
14.32
9.74
8.45
10.29
15.66
13.70
16.56
17.53
17.83
13.452013
14.24
9.84
8.51
10.17
15.53
13.65
16.49
17.47
17.58
13.102014
14.40
9.90
8.64
10.16
15.78
14.09
16.57
17.43
17.48
13.992015
14.67
10.03
8.97
10.64
15.86
14.17
16.48
17.55
17.99
14.15Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2015 annual averages (in constant 2015 dollars)

Year
Total, 16 years and older
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicityTotal1979
$13.54
$13.75
$12.53
–
$12.441980
13.21
13.37
12.16
–
12.161981
12.88
12.95
12.25
–
12.021982
12.74
12.90
11.93
–
11.821983
12.65
12.81
11.65
–
11.521984
12.67
12.83
11.65
–
11.461985
12.67
12.82
11.55
–
11.491986
12.81
12.98
11.98
–
11.671987
12.91
13.09
11.96
–
11.621988
12.97
13.12
11.85
–
11.461989
12.90
13.06
11.86
–
11.201990
12.73
12.90
11.99
–
11.061991
12.73
12.92
11.88
–
10.971992
12.78
12.95
11.69
–
11.011993
12.71
12.88
11.60
–
11.031994
12.67
12.83
11.53
–
10.971995
12.63
12.86
11.84
–
10.821996
12.63
12.89
11.67
–
10.781997
12.89
13.08
11.80
–
10.881998
13.23
13.40
12.19
–
11.511999
13.56
13.85
12.59
–
11.482000
13.63
13.70
12.85
$13.85
11.752001
13.64
13.73
13.09
14.39
12.132002
13.79
14.11
13.08
13.65
12.152003
13.98
14.14
13.08
14.33
12.582004
13.80
13.96
12.79
13.93
12.312005
13.58
13.93
12.34
14.58
12.082006
13.82
13.94
12.53
14.72
11.892007
13.66
13.81
12.45
13.97
11.702008
13.47
13.81
12.33
14.33
12.082009
13.75
13.99
12.86
14.54
12.202010
13.59
13.85
12.79
14.37
11.832011
13.39
13.60
12.42
14.07
11.642012
13.21
13.46
12.22
13.65
11.482013
13.15
13.38
12.11
13.86
11.442014
13.15
13.58
11.89
14.01
11.842015
13.44
13.87
12.06
14.19
12.04Women1979
11.04
11.04
10.82
–
10.491980
10.82
10.85
10.63
–
10.361981
10.70
10.70
10.48
–
10.251982
10.87
10.87
10.59
–
10.211983
10.86
10.88
10.68
–
10.001984
10.80
10.83
10.59
–
10.111985
10.78
10.80
10.59
–
10.131986
11.01
11.05
10.68
–
10.331987
11.18
11.22
10.78
–
10.201988
11.25
11.29
10.81
–
10.171989
11.27
11.31
10.85
–
10.201990
11.34
11.37
10.97
–
10.211991
11.46
11.48
11.12
–
10.151992
11.52
11.57
10.99
–
10.221993
11.50
11.57
11.10
–
10.191994
11.47
11.61
10.97
–
10.131995
11.53
11.65
11.00
–
10.201996
11.62
11.71
10.83
–
10.181997
11.69
11.78
11.18
–
10.041998
11.96
12.11
11.48
–
10.491999
12.29
12.42
11.56
–
10.612000
12.46
12.50
12.19
13.44
10.852001
12.90
13.03
12.25
13.48
11.082002
13.03
13.10
12.45
13.31
11.252003
12.99
13.03
12.77
13.76
11.442004
12.76
12.81
12.46
13.26
11.342005
12.51
12.74
12.05
14.13
11.142006
12.51
12.66
11.88
14.04
11.162007
12.55
12.64
11.94
13.52
11.202008
12.65
12.89
11.87
13.49
11.092009
12.99
13.07
12.17
14.00
11.152010
12.86
12.91
12.17
13.49
10.992011
12.62
12.70
11.89
13.49
10.802012
12.37
12.47
11.59
13.16
10.542013
12.33
12.42
11.74
13.27
10.672014
12.19
12.39
11.58
13.24
10.732015
12.56
12.82
11.70
13.80
11.08Men1979
17.23
17.65
14.91
–
14.601980
16.71
17.07
14.19
–
13.781981
16.42
16.78
14.52
–
13.421982
16.16
16.46
14.08
–
13.511983
15.66
16.00
13.48
–
13.141984
15.48
15.78
13.39
–
13.131985
15.40
15.92
12.92
–
12.751986
15.68
16.07
13.57
–
12.791987
15.51
15.83
13.45
–
12.711988
15.24
15.53
13.37
–
12.541989
14.94
15.28
13.04
–
12.291990
14.56
15.05
12.98
–
11.871991
14.58
14.97
12.85
–
11.681992
14.35
14.72
12.62
–
11.571993
14.31
14.65
12.39
–
11.501994
14.24
14.57
12.53
–
11.341995
14.27
14.87
12.61
–
11.221996
14.32
14.72
12.30
–
11.461997
14.48
14.67
12.77
–
11.631998
14.62
14.80
13.21
–
11.981999
14.67
15.09
13.90
–
12.252000
14.87
15.06
13.73
14.84
12.432001
15.15
15.54
13.63
15.85
12.952002
15.34
15.63
13.49
14.52
13.072003
15.32
15.50
13.93
15.32
12.932004
15.08
15.26
13.65
14.93
12.572005
14.76
15.13
13.23
15.47
12.372006
14.90
15.14
13.42
15.49
12.742007
14.80
15.11
13.22
15.11
12.652008
14.82
15.25
13.20
15.45
13.032009
15.20
15.41
13.56
15.48
13.172010
14.96
15.18
13.22
15.34
12.752011
14.54
14.77
12.71
15.02
12.442012
14.32
14.62
12.59
14.60
12.342013
14.24
14.49
12.37
14.49
12.202014
14.40
14.87
12.22
14.67
12.392015
14.67
14.93
12.66
14.87
12.92Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–02 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 1979–2015 annual averages (in current dollars)

Year
Total, 16 years and older
16 to 24 years
25 years and olderTotal
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and olderTotal1979
$241
$172
$144
$186
$265
$255
$280
$276
$262
$1981980
262
187
154
200
286
276
302
298
285
2031981
284
200
161
213
308
296
326
320
309
2221982
302
208
164
220
327
311
354
345
325
2531983
313
211
164
223
343
321
370
367
346
2611984
326
217
169
231
362
335
389
385
366
2721985
344
224
174
240
379
349
406
400
381
2971986
359
232
178
248
391
360
419
416
397
2981987
374
243
186
259
403
373
435
429
405
3101988
385
249
196
266
414
383
450
453
419
3231989
399
259
204
276
427
394
472
472
431
3341990
412
269
209
285
449
407
486
489
457
3431991
426
277
213
291
467
415
498
507
469
3811992
440
276
212
290
479
422
503
522
483
3781993
459
282
214
297
491
436
517
542
492
3931994
467
286
221
300
500
439
537
566
501
3841995
479
292
231
306
510
451
550
582
514
3891996
490
298
240
312
520
463
559
594
535
3841997
503
306
252
321
540
481
579
607
558
3931998
523
319
268
339
572
502
597
620
592
4051999
549
341
281
363
592
518
611
652
604
4042000
576
361
297
383
609
549
625
669
620
4632001
596
375
305
394
630
576
657
693
638
4882002
608
381
305
399
646
591
668
706
674
5022003
620
387
311
402
662
594
687
723
708
5162004
638
390
309
406
683
604
713
743
725
5602005
651
397
318
411
696
610
731
748
742
5692006
671
409
324
423
718
621
748
773
765
5832007
695
424
337
450
738
643
769
790
803
6052008
722
443
349
467
761
666
804
822
825
6442009
739
442
344
464
774
678
817
838
841
6842010
747
432
347
454
782
682
824
844
860
6842011
756
440
352
457
797
693
837
866
881
7422012
768
444
356
464
815
707
858
878
897
7572013
776
454
373
472
827
708
874
883
904
8012014
791
477
378
491
839
726
881
899
911
8242015
809
487
389
501
860
735
900
923
927
873Women1979
182
154
132
161
195
199
196
192
189
1701980
201
167
145
175
213
218
214
209
205
1751981
219
180
154
191
233
239
238
225
222
1891982
239
192
158
201
255
258
258
252
245
2111983
252
198
158
207
268
272
272
264
257
2121984
265
203
162
213
283
285
292
279
270
2191985
277
211
166
221
296
296
307
292
285
2421986
291
219
170
231
308
306
319
308
296
2561987
303
227
172
242
321
316
337
324
308
2611988
315
235
184
251
335
327
354
339
317
2801989
328
246
197
260
351
340
370
357
333
2921990
346
254
198
269
369
356
390
377
348
3001991
366
266
205
280
387
371
407
398
363
3191992
380
267
205
280
400
382
418
417
376
3281993
393
273
205
289
415
395
435
440
395
3351994
399
276
211
290
421
397
448
450
398
3361995
406
275
215
291
428
403
453
464
403
3531996
418
284
223
298
444
415
463
481
420
3341997
431
292
240
306
462
427
482
495
433
3481998
456
305
249
319
485
451
498
516
476
3501999
473
324
266
343
497
470
503
534
492
3702000
493
344
283
366
516
493
521
564
508
3922001
512
353
288
375
543
512
547
587
536
3902002
529
367
295
385
568
530
571
602
574
4302003
552
371
299
387
584
546
590
609
601
4352004
573
375
293
391
599
561
608
625
615
4782005
585
381
304
396
612
573
621
644
639
4922006
600
395
305
413
627
583
645
659
658
5102007
614
409
318
426
646
597
668
677
679
5342008
638
420
322
445
670
623
682
707
711
5632009
657
424
323
445
687
634
709
712
727
6022010
669
422
336
439
704
648
731
730
736
6012011
684
421
328
438
718
662
734
744
749
6642012
691
416
330
429
727
666
747
746
766
6672013
706
423
350
442
740
665
767
761
779
6912014
719
451
357
468
752
679
781
780
780
7402015
726
450
364
468
761
690
804
799
784
740Men1979
292
196
155
211
314
295
336
338
312
2191980
313
208
162
224
339
314
367
367
345
2291981
340
218
168
237
372
340
397
396
377
2661982
364
225
170
244
393
358
422
419
399
3001983
379
223
168
242
407
371
442
444
416
3081984
392
231
174
250
422
382
471
470
439
3281985
407
241
183
258
443
394
487
489
467
3671986
419
246
186
264
463
402
499
506
484
3581987
434
257
196
275
477
412
510
520
495
3801988
449
262
205
279
487
421
517
549
509
3951989
468
271
209
290
500
434
542
569
521
3931990
481
282
218
298
512
449
560
591
546
4031991
493
285
219
300
523
458
576
612
563
4671992
501
284
218
297
536
466
581
634
579
4211993
510
288
221
303
555
476
596
653
586
4511994
522
294
228
307
576
479
617
671
603
4411995
538
303
244
315
588
490
624
685
623
4411996
557
307
251
321
599
499
632
698
643
4771997
579
317
262
338
615
515
651
713
669
4521998
598
334
281
357
639
544
677
732
699
4821999
618
356
291
379
668
577
702
763
725
4702000
641
375
306
395
693
598
728
771
735
5222001
670
391
319
408
720
617
754
799
760
5652002
679
391
312
410
732
627
759
807
802
5832003
695
398
321
412
744
628
775
834
827
6122004
713
400
318
417
762
639
804
857
843
6412005
722
409
330
422
771
644
822
853
855
6442006
743
418
348
435
797
661
836
897
902
6582007
766
443
357
472
823
687
873
909
933
6862008
798
461
369
481
857
704
915
944
943
7532009
819
458
356
479
873
715
916
967
965
7912010
824
443
355
468
874
714
915
954
979
7942011
832
455
370
470
886
717
935
979
997
8212012
854
468
373
482
910
738
957
994
1,005
8602013
860
479
390
492
912
744
956
994
1,011
9372014
871
493
392
507
922
755
964
1,011
1,021
9422015
895
510
407
522
947
770
983
1,040
1,064
1,003Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2015 annual averages (in current dollars)

Year
Total, 16 years and older
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicityTotal1979
$241
$248
$199
–
$1941980
262
269
212
–
2091981
284
291
235
–
2231982
302
310
245
–
2401983
313
320
261
–
2501984
326
336
269
–
2591985
344
356
277
–
2701986
359
371
291
–
2771987
374
384
301
–
2851988
385
395
314
–
2901989
399
409
319
–
2981990
412
424
329
–
3041991
426
442
348
–
3121992
440
458
357
–
3211993
459
475
369
–
3311994
467
484
371
–
3241995
479
494
383
–
3291996
490
506
387
–
3391997
503
519
400
–
3511998
523
545
426
–
3701999
549
573
445
–
3852000
576
590
474
$615
3992001
596
610
491
639
4172002
608
623
498
658
4242003
620
636
514
693
4402004
638
657
525
708
4562005
651
672
520
753
4712006
671
690
554
784
4862007
695
716
569
830
5032008
722
742
589
861
5292009
739
757
601
880
5412010
747
765
611
855
5352011
756
775
615
866
5492012
768
792
621
920
5682013
776
802
629
942
5782014
791
816
639
953
5942015
809
835
641
993
604Women1979
182
184
169
–
1571980
201
203
185
–
1721981
219
221
206
–
1901982
239
242
217
–
2031983
252
254
232
–
2151984
265
268
241
–
2231985
277
281
252
–
2301986
291
294
264
–
2411987
303
307
276
–
2511988
315
318
288
–
2601989
328
334
301
–
2691990
346
353
308
–
2781991
366
373
323
–
2921992
380
387
335
–
3021993
393
401
348
–
3131994
399
408
346
–
3051995
406
415
355
–
3051996
418
428
362
–
3161997
431
444
375
–
3181998
456
468
400
–
3371999
473
483
409
–
3482000
493
502
429
547
3662001
512
522
454
563
3882002
529
547
473
566
3972003
552
567
491
598
4102004
573
584
505
613
4192005
585
596
499
665
4292006
600
609
519
699
4402007
614
626
533
731
4732008
638
654
554
753
5012009
657
669
582
779
5092010
669
684
592
773
5082011
684
703
595
751
5182012
691
710
599
770
5212013
706
722
606
819
5412014
719
734
611
841
5482015
726
743
615
877
566Men1979
292
298
227
–
2191980
313
320
244
–
2341981
340
350
268
–
2511982
364
375
278
–
2691983
379
387
294
–
2741984
392
401
303
–
2871985
407
418
305
–
2961986
419
433
319
–
2991987
434
450
327
–
3061988
449
465
348
–
3081989
468
482
348
–
3151990
481
494
361
–
3181991
493
506
375
–
3231992
501
514
380
–
3391993
510
524
392
–
3461994
522
547
400
–
3431995
538
566
411
–
3501996
557
580
412
–
3561997
579
595
432
–
3711998
598
615
468
–
3901999
618
638
488
–
4062000
641
662
510
685
4172001
670
689
529
732
4402002
679
702
524
756
4512003
695
715
555
772
4642004
713
732
569
802
4802005
722
743
559
825
4892006
743
761
591
882
5052007
766
788
600
936
5202008
798
825
620
966
5592009
819
845
621
952
5692010
824
850
633
936
5602011
832
856
653
970
5712012
854
879
665
1,055
5922013
860
884
664
1,059
5942014
871
897
680
1,080
6162015
895
920
680
1,129
631Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–02 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by educational attainment, 1979–2015 annual averages (in current dollars)

Year
Total, 25 years and older
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Some college or associate's degree
Bachelor's degree and higherTotal1979
$265
$210
$249
$282
$3441980
286
222
266
304
3761981
308
240
286
324
4071982
327
248
302
351
4381983
343
256
311
363
4611984
362
263
323
382
4861985
379
270
333
399
5061986
391
278
344
409
5251987
403
284
356
421
5641988
414
288
368
430
5851989
427
297
375
452
6091990
449
303
386
476
6381991
467
307
397
489
6661992
479
311
403
484
6961993
491
314
415
494
7151994
500
307
421
499
7331995
510
309
432
508
7471996
520
317
443
518
7581997
540
321
461
535
7791998
572
337
479
558
8211999
592
346
490
580
8602000
609
362
505
596
8912001
630
382
520
617
9212002
646
388
535
629
9412003
662
396
554
639
9642004
683
401
574
661
9862005
696
409
583
670
1,0132006
718
419
595
692
1,0392007
738
428
604
704
1,0722008
761
453
618
722
1,1152009
774
454
626
726
1,1372010
782
444
626
734
1,1442011
797
451
638
739
1,1502012
815
471
652
749
1,1652013
827
472
651
748
1,1942014
839
488
668
761
1,1932015
860
493
678
762
1,230Women1979
195
152
185
211
2641980
213
164
201
231
2901981
233
175
217
255
3181982
255
184
236
274
3461983
268
195
246
288
3691984
283
200
259
305
3901985
296
202
268
317
4141986
308
208
277
330
4361987
321
214
288
347
4661988
335
221
298
360
4851989
351
231
304
379
5071990
369
240
315
395
5351991
387
250
328
409
5621992
400
256
337
407
5941993
415
263
347
422
6111994
421
257
351
423
6341995
428
262
356
427
6441996
444
268
365
442
6571997
462
275
378
459
6721998
485
283
396
476
7071999
497
290
405
488
7402000
516
304
420
505
7562001
543
316
443
520
7862002
568
325
458
543
8092003
584
329
474
560
8322004
599
334
488
577
8602005
612
341
493
587
8832006
627
358
500
602
9052007
646
369
512
609
9322008
670
378
520
628
9552009
687
382
542
630
9702010
704
388
543
638
9862011
718
395
554
645
9982012
727
386
561
659
1,0012013
740
400
573
657
1,0432014
752
409
578
661
1,0492015
761
418
586
664
1,064Men1979
314
252
308
329
3961980
339
267
327
358
4271981
372
286
356
389
4751982
393
293
374
411
5031983
407
301
388
422
5181984
422
308
399
446
5621985
443
314
407
472
5901986
463
321
416
485
6181987
477
324
423
497
6531988
487
332
437
503
6791989
500
346
450
517
7051990
512
349
459
542
7411991
523
349
470
563
7641992
536
351
479
555
7911993
555
356
487
572
8061994
576
342
496
587
8261995
588
347
507
596
8451996
599
357
516
604
8741997
615
365
535
621
8961998
639
383
559
643
9391999
668
395
580
665
9772000
693
406
591
691
1,0202001
720
419
609
723
1,0672002
732
421
617
731
1,0902003
744
429
628
740
1,1312004
762
446
645
761
1,1432005
771
455
652
766
1,1672006
797
469
678
796
1,2052007
823
481
689
810
1,2432008
857
497
709
830
1,2852009
873
500
716
835
1,3272010
874
486
710
845
1,3302011
886
488
720
840
1,3322012
910
508
735
857
1,3712013
912
500
732
858
1,3952014
922
517
751
872
1,3852015
947
520
759
883
1,420Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by age, 1979–2015 annual averages (in current dollars)

Year
Total, 16 years and older
16 to 24 years
25 years and olderTotal
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and olderTotal1979
$4.44
$3.49
$3.10
$4.02
$5.11
$5.20
$5.29
$5.16
$4.97
$3.231980
4.82
3.71
3.22
4.29
5.55
5.66
5.76
5.65
5.39
3.561981
5.15
3.97
3.58
4.61
5.99
6.09
6.20
6.01
5.81
3.921982
5.40
4.05
3.60
4.66
6.28
6.35
6.61
6.42
6.11
4.121983
5.59
4.08
3.61
4.69
6.55
6.50
6.91
6.73
6.41
4.401984
5.83
4.18
3.65
4.82
6.84
6.77
7.17
7.08
6.62
4.631985
6.03
4.26
3.67
4.94
7.05
6.92
7.49
7.37
6.91
4.741986
6.20
4.41
3.71
5.06
7.23
7.01
7.79
7.73
7.17
4.971987
6.47
4.59
3.81
5.21
7.46
7.19
7.94
7.86
7.42
5.081988
6.73
4.79
4.03
5.38
7.74
7.43
8.17
8.16
7.48
5.231989
6.99
4.95
4.22
5.65
7.94
7.64
8.56
8.42
7.82
5.421990
7.23
5.16
4.49
5.91
8.16
7.90
8.82
8.79
8.02
5.751991
7.50
5.26
4.69
6.00
8.48
8.04
9.17
9.11
8.19
5.941992
7.72
5.37
4.73
6.03
8.73
8.17
9.38
9.52
8.48
6.141993
7.87
5.51
4.80
6.15
8.95
8.27
9.61
9.86
8.90
6.391994
8.01
5.62
4.91
6.22
9.12
8.38
9.92
10.02
9.02
6.391995
8.17
5.80
5.04
6.42
9.36
8.71
10.02
10.13
9.20
6.651996
8.40
5.94
5.17
6.69
9.62
8.82
10.14
10.24
9.39
6.771997
8.75
6.15
5.51
6.91
9.87
9.04
10.36
10.60
9.73
6.891998
9.10
6.58
5.88
7.24
10.13
9.65
10.86
10.96
10.08
7.401999
9.53
6.87
6.08
7.74
10.47
9.98
11.02
11.33
10.38
7.702000
9.91
7.24
6.41
8.07
10.88
10.18
11.35
11.82
10.82
8.052001
10.19
7.69
6.76
8.38
11.40
10.67
11.97
12.17
11.37
8.532002
10.47
7.81
6.91
8.47
11.83
10.98
12.18
12.46
11.85
9.072003
10.85
7.90
6.93
8.66
12.05
11.25
12.46
12.97
12.19
9.192004
11.00
7.98
7.00
8.78
12.23
11.37
12.89
13.23
12.58
9.622005
11.19
8.07
7.05
8.91
12.48
11.76
13.11
13.48
12.95
9.932006
11.76
8.24
7.23
9.16
12.94
11.95
13.49
14.03
13.33
10.152007
11.95
8.65
7.57
9.66
13.16
12.05
13.93
14.39
13.71
10.372008
12.23
8.87
7.84
9.76
13.81
12.50
14.38
14.87
14.20
10.892009
12.44
8.90
7.92
9.77
13.91
12.60
14.59
14.85
14.70
11.492010
12.50
8.90
8.00
9.53
13.98
12.53
14.61
14.98
14.89
11.552011
12.71
8.97
8.06
9.61
14.12
12.71
14.83
15.00
15.07
12.192012
12.80
9.05
8.10
9.70
14.25
12.82
14.86
15.07
15.39
12.212013
12.93
9.16
8.19
9.83
14.50
12.88
14.98
15.17
15.62
12.472014
13.14
9.55
8.43
9.98
14.80
13.13
15.11
15.39
15.36
13.022015
13.44
9.85
8.85
10.14
14.91
13.60
15.16
15.84
15.91
13.08Women1979
3.62
3.19
3.03
3.52
3.90
4.04
3.97
3.84
3.75
3.121980
3.95
3.45
3.14
3.79
4.24
4.44
4.29
4.23
4.08
3.381981
4.28
3.71
3.52
4.09
4.69
4.89
4.77
4.59
4.43
3.711982
4.61
3.78
3.55
4.19
5.02
5.19
5.08
4.95
4.80
3.931983
4.80
3.82
3.55
4.26
5.23
5.44
5.31
5.19
5.07
4.161984
4.97
3.93
3.59
4.36
5.48
5.60
5.61
5.51
5.27
4.371985
5.13
4.01
3.61
4.56
5.73
5.79
5.91
5.76
5.46
4.431986
5.33
4.11
3.65
4.71
5.95
5.95
6.13
5.99
5.75
4.731987
5.60
4.22
3.71
4.89
6.16
6.14
6.35
6.28
6.03
4.851988
5.84
4.48
3.91
5.05
6.44
6.36
6.76
6.59
6.08
5.121989
6.11
4.69
4.10
5.23
6.78
6.68
7.10
6.90
6.38
5.141990
6.44
4.95
4.35
5.57
7.07
7.01
7.37
7.16
6.73
5.451991
6.75
5.08
4.64
5.71
7.34
7.19
7.73
7.61
6.95
5.761992
6.96
5.16
4.69
5.77
7.65
7.45
7.99
7.94
7.20
5.971993
7.12
5.27
4.73
5.96
7.87
7.61
8.16
8.18
7.56
6.181994
7.25
5.32
4.83
5.98
8.05
7.78
8.44
8.46
7.82
6.241995
7.46
5.49
4.94
6.09
8.17
7.92
8.63
8.72
7.93
6.451996
7.73
5.68
5.09
6.26
8.43
8.06
8.89
8.94
8.07
6.451997
7.94
5.95
5.42
6.55
8.75
8.20
9.14
9.26
8.31
6.831998
8.23
6.24
5.78
6.93
9.13
8.80
9.66
9.78
8.85
7.211999
8.64
6.60
5.98
7.22
9.53
9.10
9.83
9.95
9.33
7.502000
9.06
7.00
6.23
7.80
9.89
9.69
10.03
10.18
9.84
7.872001
9.64
7.25
6.61
8.00
10.20
9.94
10.44
10.85
10.39
8.142002
9.89
7.45
6.80
8.11
10.71
10.12
10.98
11.18
10.81
8.732003
10.08
7.59
6.85
8.19
11.01
10.51
11.17
11.79
11.05
8.842004
10.17
7.71
6.86
8.32
11.23
10.62
11.45
11.95
11.57
9.162005
10.31
7.80
6.92
8.50
11.58
10.86
11.84
12.13
11.86
9.822006
10.65
7.99
7.11
8.82
11.87
11.07
12.05
12.26
12.12
9.972007
10.98
8.15
7.41
9.00
12.05
11.21
12.36
12.85
12.23
10.152008
11.49
8.43
7.71
9.16
12.48
11.72
12.89
13.16
13.00
10.532009
11.76
8.58
7.82
9.19
12.76
11.96
13.00
13.09
13.59
11.112010
11.83
8.62
7.91
9.08
12.88
12.04
13.12
13.50
13.68
11.182011
11.98
8.73
7.96
9.16
13.10
12.12
13.44
13.76
14.03
11.762012
11.99
8.78
8.02
9.17
13.17
12.15
13.46
13.80
14.36
11.842013
12.12
8.93
8.09
9.40
13.36
12.23
13.77
13.94
14.53
12.222014
12.18
9.14
8.29
9.77
13.50
12.25
14.00
14.14
14.19
12.472015
12.56
9.54
8.75
9.95
13.92
12.89
14.13
14.80
14.77
12.66Men1979
5.65
3.90
3.19
4.64
6.69
6.38
7.12
7.10
6.59
3.561980
6.10
4.10
3.37
4.92
7.22
6.93
7.81
7.78
7.24
3.791981
6.57
4.31
3.64
5.11
7.78
7.33
8.30
8.49
7.88
4.211982
6.85
4.38
3.66
5.12
8.08
7.67
8.89
8.88
8.14
4.461983
6.92
4.38
3.67
5.05
8.31
7.74
9.22
9.16
8.74
4.751984
7.12
4.57
3.72
5.16
8.60
7.88
9.51
9.69
8.86
4.911985
7.33
4.68
3.75
5.23
8.85
8.00
9.80
9.97
9.04
4.991986
7.59
4.79
3.82
5.43
9.02
8.03
9.99
10.15
9.54
5.181987
7.77
4.91
3.95
5.68
9.16
8.26
10.10
10.24
9.72
5.321988
7.91
5.03
4.14
5.79
9.38
8.41
10.22
10.69
9.74
5.521989
8.10
5.17
4.39
6.02
9.71
8.56
10.59
10.88
10.00
5.901990
8.27
5.44
4.64
6.18
9.84
8.83
10.73
11.13
10.17
6.081991
8.59
5.58
4.74
6.23
9.98
8.94
10.98
11.71
10.08
6.221992
8.67
5.65
4.80
6.24
10.06
9.02
10.93
12.02
10.39
6.451993
8.86
5.75
4.87
6.33
10.18
9.10
11.16
12.15
10.96
6.711994
9.00
5.88
4.98
6.56
10.29
9.10
11.50
12.10
11.06
6.641995
9.23
6.04
5.14
6.82
10.73
9.46
11.89
12.32
11.11
6.851996
9.52
6.17
5.25
6.99
10.78
9.70
11.91
12.40
11.15
7.041997
9.83
6.45
5.61
7.18
11.10
9.92
12.07
12.80
11.79
6.961998
10.06
6.91
5.98
7.78
11.72
10.22
12.48
13.04
12.22
7.741999
10.31
7.12
6.18
8.03
12.00
10.84
12.78
13.68
12.21
7.862000
10.81
7.63
6.64
8.39
12.24
10.97
13.14
13.90
12.81
8.312001
11.32
8.01
6.90
8.92
12.88
11.58
13.92
14.25
12.95
9.002002
11.64
8.05
7.02
8.88
13.05
11.89
13.96
14.40
13.38
9.782003
11.89
8.14
7.02
9.00
13.25
12.01
14.13
14.93
14.09
9.792004
12.02
8.21
7.15
9.07
13.74
12.03
14.60
15.11
14.54
9.902005
12.16
8.42
7.21
9.20
13.91
12.17
14.88
15.13
14.79
10.042006
12.68
8.79
7.43
9.75
14.27
12.63
15.06
16.04
15.04
10.722007
12.95
9.13
7.77
9.96
14.75
12.83
15.17
16.15
15.45
11.012008
13.46
9.24
7.98
10.00
15.03
13.47
16.02
16.82
15.90
11.502009
13.76
9.22
8.05
9.99
15.07
13.20
16.10
16.99
16.09
12.002010
13.76
9.21
8.09
9.90
15.04
13.10
15.83
16.89
16.45
11.922011
13.80
9.23
8.16
9.90
15.11
13.18
16.03
16.88
17.07
12.852012
13.88
9.44
8.19
9.97
15.17
13.28
16.05
16.99
17.28
13.032013
14.00
9.67
8.37
10.00
15.27
13.42
16.21
17.17
17.28
12.882014
14.39
9.89
8.63
10.15
15.76
14.08
16.55
17.41
17.46
13.982015
14.67
10.03
8.97
10.64
15.86
14.17
16.48
17.55
17.99
14.15Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2015 annual averages (in current dollars)

Year
Total, 16 years and older
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicityTotal1979
$4.44
$4.51
$4.11
–
$4.081980
4.82
4.88
4.44
–
4.441981
5.15
5.18
4.90
–
4.811982
5.40
5.47
5.06
–
5.011983
5.59
5.66
5.15
–
5.091984
5.83
5.90
5.36
–
5.271985
6.03
6.10
5.50
–
5.471986
6.20
6.28
5.80
–
5.651987
6.47
6.56
5.99
–
5.821988
6.73
6.81
6.15
–
5.951989
6.99
7.08
6.43
–
6.071990
7.23
7.33
6.81
–
6.281991
7.50
7.61
7.00
–
6.461992
7.72
7.82
7.06
–
6.651993
7.87
7.97
7.18
–
6.831994
8.01
8.11
7.29
–
6.931995
8.17
8.32
7.66
–
7.001996
8.40
8.57
7.76
–
7.171997
8.75
8.88
8.01
–
7.391998
9.10
9.22
8.39
–
7.921999
9.53
9.74
8.85
–
8.072000
9.91
9.96
9.34
$10.07
8.542001
10.19
10.26
9.78
10.75
9.062002
10.47
10.71
9.93
10.36
9.222003
10.85
10.97
10.15
11.12
9.762004
11.00
11.13
10.19
11.10
9.812005
11.19
11.48
10.17
12.01
9.952006
11.76
11.86
10.66
12.53
10.122007
11.95
12.08
10.89
12.22
10.242008
12.23
12.54
11.20
13.01
10.972009
12.44
12.66
11.64
13.16
11.042010
12.50
12.74
11.77
13.22
10.882011
12.71
12.91
11.79
13.35
11.052012
12.80
13.04
11.84
13.23
11.122013
12.93
13.15
11.90
13.62
11.252014
13.14
13.57
11.88
14.00
11.832015
13.44
13.87
12.06
14.19
12.04Women1979
3.62
3.62
3.55
–
3.441980
3.95
3.96
3.88
–
3.781981
4.28
4.28
4.19
–
4.101982
4.61
4.61
4.49
–
4.331983
4.80
4.81
4.72
–
4.421984
4.97
4.98
4.87
–
4.651985
5.13
5.14
5.04
–
4.821986
5.33
5.35
5.17
–
5.001987
5.60
5.62
5.40
–
5.111988
5.84
5.86
5.61
–
5.281989
6.11
6.13
5.88
–
5.531990
6.44
6.46
6.23
–
5.801991
6.75
6.76
6.55
–
5.981992
6.96
6.99
6.64
–
6.171993
7.12
7.16
6.87
–
6.311994
7.25
7.34
6.93
–
6.401995
7.46
7.54
7.12
–
6.601996
7.73
7.79
7.20
–
6.771997
7.94
8.00
7.59
–
6.821998
8.23
8.33
7.90
–
7.221999
8.64
8.73
8.13
–
7.462000
9.06
9.09
8.86
9.77
7.892001
9.64
9.73
9.15
10.07
8.282002
9.89
9.94
9.45
10.10
8.542003
10.08
10.11
9.91
10.68
8.882004
10.17
10.21
9.93
10.57
9.042005
10.31
10.50
9.93
11.64
9.182006
10.65
10.77
10.11
11.95
9.502007
10.98
11.06
10.45
11.83
9.802008
11.49
11.70
10.78
12.25
10.072009
11.76
11.83
11.01
12.67
10.092010
11.83
11.88
11.20
12.41
10.112011
11.98
12.05
11.28
12.80
10.252012
11.99
12.08
11.23
12.75
10.212013
12.12
12.21
11.54
13.04
10.492014
12.18
12.38
11.57
13.23
10.722015
12.56
12.82
11.70
13.80
11.08Men1979
5.65
5.79
4.89
–
4.791980
6.10
6.23
5.18
–
5.031981
6.57
6.71
5.81
–
5.371982
6.85
6.98
5.97
–
5.731983
6.92
7.07
5.96
–
5.811984
7.12
7.26
6.16
–
6.041985
7.33
7.58
6.15
–
6.071986
7.59
7.78
6.57
–
6.191987
7.77
7.93
6.74
–
6.371988
7.91
8.06
6.94
–
6.511989
8.10
8.28
7.07
–
6.661990
8.27
8.55
7.37
–
6.741991
8.59
8.82
7.57
–
6.881992
8.67
8.89
7.62
–
6.991993
8.86
9.07
7.67
–
7.121994
9.00
9.21
7.92
–
7.171995
9.23
9.62
8.16
–
7.261996
9.52
9.79
8.18
–
7.621997
9.83
9.96
8.67
–
7.901998
10.06
10.18
9.09
–
8.241999
10.31
10.61
9.77
–
8.612000
10.81
10.95
9.98
10.79
9.042001
11.32
11.61
10.18
11.84
9.672002
11.64
11.86
10.24
11.02
9.922003
11.89
12.03
10.81
11.89
10.032004
12.02
12.16
10.88
11.90
10.022005
12.16
12.47
10.90
12.75
10.192006
12.68
12.88
11.42
13.18
10.842007
12.95
13.22
11.57
13.22
11.072008
13.46
13.85
11.99
14.03
11.832009
13.76
13.95
12.27
14.01
11.922010
13.76
13.97
12.16
14.11
11.732011
13.80
14.02
12.06
14.25
11.812012
13.88
14.17
12.20
14.15
11.962013
14.00
14.24
12.16
14.24
11.992014
14.39
14.86
12.21
14.66
12.382015
14.67
14.93
12.66
14.87
12.92Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–02 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Technical Notes
     
The estimates in this report were obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), which provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment. The survey is conducted monthly for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau using a scientifically selected national sample of about 60,000 eligible households representing all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The survey data on earnings are based on one-fourth of the CPS monthly sample and are limited to wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers, both incorporated and unincorporated, are excluded from the data presented in this report.
The earnings comparisons in this report are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that can help explain earnings differences. This includes the direct comparisons of earnings levels among demographic groups and the women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios shown in the tables (that is, women’s earnings as a percentage of men’s). For example, the overall ratio of women’s-to-men’s earnings for full-time workers presented here is not controlled for differences in important determinants of earnings such as age, occupation, and educational attainment. The earnings comparisons in this report are not restricted to workers with otherwise comparable characteristics and comparable jobs. Even controlling for one of the factors may not fully explain earnings differences. Comparisons of women’s and men’s earnings by detailed occupation, for example, are not simultaneously controlled for differences in key factors such as job skills and responsibilities, work experience, and specialization.
Material in this report is in the public domain and may be used without permission. Information in this report will be made available upon request to individuals with sensory impairments. Voice telephone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1 (800) 877-8339.
**Concepts and definitions**
The principal concepts and definitions used in this report are described briefly below.
*Wage and salary workers* are people age 16 and older who receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payments in kind, or piece rates on their sole or principal job. This group includes employees in both the public and private sectors. All self-employed workers are excluded whether or not their businesses are incorporated.
*Full-time workers* are defined for the purpose of these estimates as those who usually work 35 hours or more per week at their sole or principal job. The federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full- or part-time employment.
*Part-time workers*are defined for the purpose of these estimates as those who usually work fewer than 35 hours per week at their sole or principal job. The federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full- or part-time employment.
*Usual weekly earnings* reflect earnings before taxes and other deductions and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the case of multiple jobholders). Before 1994, respondents were asked how much they usually earned per week. Since January 1994, respondents have been asked to identify the easiest way for them to report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice monthly, monthly, annually, or other) and how much they usually earn in the reported time period. Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly are converted to a weekly equivalent. The term “usual” is determined by each respondent’s own understanding of the term. If the respondent asks for a definition of “usual,” interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months.
*Median of usual weekly earnings* reflects the midpoint in a given earnings distribution, with half of workers having earnings above the median and the other half having earnings below the median.
The BLS procedure for estimating the median of a weekly earnings distribution places each reported or calculated weekly earnings value into a $50-wide interval that is centered around a multiple of $50. The median is calculated through the linear interpolation of the interval in which the median lies.
Changes over time in the medians for specific groups may not necessarily be consistent with the movements estimated for the overall median boundary. The most common reasons for this possible anomaly are as follows:
There could be a change in the relative weights of the subgroups. For example, the median earnings of 16- to 24-year-olds and the median earnings of those 25 years and older may rise, but if the lower earning 16-to-24 age group accounts for a greatly increased share of the total, the overall median could actually fall.
There could be a large change in the shape of the distribution of reported earnings, particularly near a median boundary. This change could be caused by survey observations that are clustered at rounded values, such as $600 or $700. An estimate lying in a $50-wide centered interval containing such a cluster tends to change more slowly than one in other intervals. Consider, for example, the calculation of the median for a multipeaked earnings distribution that shifts over time. As such a distribution shifts, the median does not necessarily move at the same rate. Specifically, the median takes relatively more time to move through a frequently reported earnings interval, but once above the upper limit of such an interval, it can move relatively quickly to the next frequently reported interval. BLS procedures for estimating medians mitigate such irregular movements; however, users should be cautious of these effects when evaluating short-term changes in the medians and in ratios of the medians.*Workers paid by the hour* are employed wage and salary workers who report that they are paid at an hourly rate on their job. Typically, workers paid an hourly wage have made up around 60 percent of all wage and salary workers. Estimates of workers paid by the hour include both full- and part-time workers unless otherwise specified.
*Hourly earnings* data are for wage and salary workers who are paid by the hour and pertain to earnings from a person’s sole or principal job. Hourly earnings for hourly paid workers do not include overtime pay, commissions, or tips received.
*Workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage* include only workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and other nonhourly paid workers are excluded, even though some have earnings that, if converted to hourly rates, would be at or below the federal minimum wage.
The estimates of workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage in this report are based solely on whether the hourly wage they report (which does not include overtime pay, tips, or commissions) is at or below the federal minimum wage. Some respondents might round hourly earnings when answering survey questions. As a result, some workers might report having hourly earnings above or below the federal minimum wage when in fact they earn the minimum wage.
Some workers who reported earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage may not be covered by federal or state minimum wage laws because of exclusions and exemptions in the statutes. Thus, the presence of workers with hourly earnings below the federal minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) or state statutes in cases where such standards apply. The CPS does not include questions on whether workers are covered by the minimum wage provisions of the FLSA or by individual state or local minimum wage laws. For more information about the minimum wage exemptions in the FLSA, see the U.S. Department of Labor’s website at **https://webapps.dol.gov/elaws/elg/minwage.htm#who**.
The estimates presented in this report likely understate the actual number of workers with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage. BLS does not routinely estimate the hourly earnings of workers not paid by the hour because there are data quality concerns associated with constructing such an estimate.
Regular collection of earnings data in the basic CPS began in 1979. The prevailing federal minimum wage for 1979 and later years is as follows:
**Federal minimum wage**
**Effective date**$2.90
January 1, 1979$3.10
January 1, 1980$3.35
January 1, 1981$3.80
April 1, 1990$4.25
April 1, 1991$4.75
October 1, 1996$5.15
September 1, 1997$5.85
July 24, 2007$6.55
July 24, 2008$7.25
July 24, 2009When the minimum wage has increased during a given year, the estimates of the annual average number of minimum wage workers reflect both minimum wage levels in effect during the year. For example, data for 2007 reflect the number of workers who earned the federal minimum wage of $5.15 for January to July and the number of workers who earned the minimum wage of $5.85 for August to December.
*Race* is reported by the household respondent. In accordance with the Office of Management and Budget standards, White, Black or African American, and Asian are the terms used to describe a person’s race. Beginning in 2003, people in these categories are those who selected that race group only. Those who identify multiple race groups are categorized as people of Two or More Races. Before 2003, people of two or more races identified one group as their main race. More information on the 2003 changes to questions on race is available at **https://www.bls.gov/cps/rvcps03.pdf**. Data for other race groups—American Indians and Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders—and for people of two or more races are included in totals but not separately identified in this report because the number of survey respondents is too small to develop estimates of sufficient quality.
*Hispanic or Latino ethnicity* refers to people who identified themselves in the survey process as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. People who identify themselves as Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race and are included in estimates for the race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) in addition to being shown separately.
*Inflation-adjusted earnings* shown in this report use the Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) to convert current dollars to constant, or inflation-adjusted, dollars. BLS has made numerous improvements to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) over the years. Although these improvements make the CPI more accurate, the official histories of price index series are not adjusted to reflect the improvements. Because many researchers need a historical series that measures price change consistently over time, BLS developed the CPI-U-RS to provide an estimate of the CPI that incorporates most of the methodological improvements made since 1978 into the entire series. For further information, see Kenneth J. Stewart and Stephen B. Reed, “CPI research series using current methods, 1978–98,” *Monthly Labor Review*, June 1999, available at **https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/1999/06/art4full.pdf**; and “Questions and Answers: Consumer Price Index Research Series Using Current Methods,” at **https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/1999/06/cpirsqa.pdf**.
This report uses the most recent version of the CPI-U-RS available at the time of production. Users should note that the CPI-U-RS is subject to periodic revision. As a result, the rate of inflation incorporated into the inflation-adjusted median earnings estimates in this report may differ from the rate used in previous reports in this series or in other publications.
**Reliability**
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information on all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data.
Information about the reliability of data from the CPS is available at **https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability**.
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