TEXT
Table 1. Percent Change in Output per Employee Hour, Output, and Employee Hours for Selected Industries:                         
Table 1. Percent Change in Output per Employee Hour, Output, and Employee Hours for Selected Industries:                         
Table 1. Percent Change in Output per Employee Hour, Output, and Employee Hours for Selected Industries:                         
Table 2. Rates of Change in Output per Employee Hour, Output, and Employee Hours for Selected Industries:                        
Table 2. Rates of Change in Output per Employee Hour, Output, and Employee Hours for Selected Industries:                        
Table 2. Rates of Change in Output per Employee Hour, Output, and Employee Hours for Selected Industries:                        
Table 2. Rates of Change in Output per Employee Hour, Output, and Employee Hours for Selected Industries:                        

                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
Historical, technical                            USDL 93-510                                                                        
 information:   (202) 606-5618        FOR RELEASE:10:00 A.M.                                                                        
                (202) 606-5623    Tuesday, November 23, 1993                                                                        
Media contact:  (202) 606-5902                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
               PRODUCTIVITY BY INDUSTRY: 1992                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                    
     The Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor today reported                                                  
on productivity movements in 1992 for a number of industries.  Productivity--as                                                     
measured  by output per employee hour--increased in 70 of 87 industries for which                                                   
1992 data are available (table 1).  By contrast, in 1991 productivity increased in                                                  
51 of these same 87 industries.                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                    
     Of the 70 industries which experienced productivity advances, 58 had increased                                                 
output in 1992.  In the other 12 industries, productivity grew although output                                                      
declined or was unchanged.  Overall, output increased in 64 of the 87 selected                                                      
industries for which 1992 data are available; in 1991, output had increased in only                                                 
28 of these industries.                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                    
Manufacturing                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                    
     Within the manufacturing sector, 48 of the 59 industries for which 1992 data                                                   
are available experienced productivity  increases.  In 1991, 32 of the same 59                                                      
manufacturing industries had productivity increases.                                                                                
                                                                                                                                    
     Two closely watched industries--steel (SIC 331) and motor vehicle manufacturing                                                
(SIC 371)--had large productivity increases in 1992, a marked contrast from a year                                                  
earlier.  In the steel industry, productivity grew 8.9 percent, as output rose 5.5                                                  
percent and hours fell 3.2 percent.  In the motor vehicle manufacturing industry,                                                   
productivity rose 8.2 percent, reflecting an 11.1 percent increase in output and a                                                  
2.6 percent increase in hours.  In 1991, productivity had fallen 3.7 percent in                                                     
steel and 5.6 percent in motor vehicle manufacturing.                                                                               
                                                                                                                                    
Transportation, communications, and utilities                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                    
     In 1992, all four of the selected  industries within the transportation,                                                       
communications, and utilities group recorded productivity increases.  The                                                           
productivity growth rates were 5.7 percent in railroad transportation, 5.0 percent                                                  
in telephone communications, 3.5 percent in air transportation, and 0.8 percent in                                                  
electric utilities.  The productivity increases in railroad transportation and                                                      
telephone communications reflected increases in output and declines in employment.                                                  
In air transportation, output increased more than employment.  Electric utilities                                                   
showed little change in output, and employee hours declined.                                                                        
                                                                                                                                    
Trade                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                    
     Productivity increased in 13 of the 18 industries in the trade sector for which                                                
BLS has 1992 data.  Ten of the 13 industries with increased productivity also had                                                   
increased output.  In 1991, 12 of these same 18 industries recorded productivity                                                    
increases.                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                    
     Household appliance stores had the greatest productivity increase of all the                                                   
trade industries in 1992, 18.6 percent, reflecting an 8.6 percent rise in output and                                                
an 8.4 percent decrease in hours.  The largest decrease in productivity in the trade                                                
                                           2                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                    
industries occurred in variety stores, which had a 9.5 percent drop resulting from a                                                
6.4 percent decline in output and a 3.5 percent increase in hours.                                                                  
                                                                                                                                    
Mining                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                    
     Four of the five industries in the mining sector  recorded increases in                                                        
productivity in 1992.  Recoverable copper mining productivity advanced nearly 16                                                    
percent, as output grew 8.2 percent and hours fell 6.8 percent.  Coal mining;                                                       
nonmetallic minerals, except fuels; and crude petroleum and natural gas all showed                                                  
higher productivity growth in 1992 than in 1991.                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
Services                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                    
     Output data needed to calculate 1992 productivity are currently available for                                                  
only one service industry.  Commercial banks showed a productivity increase of 3.9                                                  
percent, as output grew 1.1 percent and hours fell 2.7 percent.  Productivity,                                                      
output, and hours data for 1992 in five other service industries will be published                                                  
in a forthcoming bulletin.                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                    
Long-term trends                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
     In table 2, long-term trends are compared for two time periods, 1973-79 and                                                    
1979-92 (or the most recent year for which data are available).  BLS presently                                                      
publishes productivity measures for 178 industries or groups of industries.  Several                                                
of these 178 industries are made up of combinations of two or more published                                                        
industries; 145 are for separate industries.  Of these 145 industries, 87 have been                                                 
updated to 1992, 56 have been updated only to 1991, and two extend only to 1989.                                                    
However, data for two of these industry measures, wood containers (SIC 2441) and                                                    
scrap and waste materials (SIC 5093), do not begin until 1977 and are omitted from                                                  
long-term analysis.                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                    
     Of the remaining 143 industries available for examination, 83 recorded higher                                                  
annual rates of change after 1979 than during the 1973-79 period; one showed no                                                     
change; and the remaining 59 industries had lower productivity trends after 1979.                                                   
The largest difference--11.0 percentage points--in the average annual rate of change                                                
from the first time period to the second occurred in coal mining.  For this                                                         
industry, the annual rate of change in labor productivity in the first period was a                                                 
decline of 3.9 percent; in the second period, it was an increase of 7.1 percent.  In                                                
both periods, coal mining experienced increases in output.  During the first period,                                                
however, hours increased 8.6 percent annually; during the second period, they                                                       
decreased 4.9 percent a year.                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                    
     Among the 143 separate industries, 107 industries are in manufacturing.  Of                                                    
these, 62 had better productivity rates in the post-1979 period than during 1973-79.                                                
Manufacturing industries with the most improvement from the first to the second                                                     
period included carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves; household audio and video                                                  
equipment; and hydraulic cement.                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
     Outside of manufacturing, 36 separate industries are measured.  Of these, 21                                                   
had better productivity trends after 1979 than during 1973-79.  The industries with                                                 
improved productivity in the later period included all five of the mining                                                           
industries, three of the eight transportation and utilities industries, 11 of the 18                                                
trade industries, and two of the five service industries.                                                                           
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
                                           3                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                    
New Industries                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                    
     A new productivity measure for civilian and military aircraft manufacturing was                                                
published in June 1993.  In 1992, productivity in this industry increased 0.6                                                       
percent.  This reflected a 6.1 percent decline in output and a 6.6 percent drop in                                                  
employee hours.  From 1973 to 1979, productivity rose at a rate of 3.8 percent per                                                  
year.  Since 1979, productivity has grown 1.5 percent per year.                                                                     
                                                                                                                                    
Revisions                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                    
     Many of the industry employment and hours indexes are based on the Bureau's                                                    
monthly establishment survey (the Current Employment Statistics survey).  Revised                                                   
employment and hours data from this survey have been incorporated into the                                                          
productivity measures presented in this release.  The 1992 data in this news release                                                
are preliminary and are subject to revision.                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
                                   TECHNICAL NOTE                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                    
     These productivity measures describe the relationship between output and the                                                   
labor time involved in its production.  They show the changes from period to period                                                 
in the amount of goods and services produced per hour. Although these measures                                                      
relate output to hours at work of employees or all persons engaged in an industry,                                                  
they do not measure the specific contribution of labor, capital, or any other factor                                                
of production.  Rather, they reflect the joint effects of many influences, including                                                
changes in technology; capital investment; level of output; utilization of capacity,                                                
energy, and materials; the organization of production; managerial skill, and the                                                    
characteristics and effort of the workforce.                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                    
     The data in this news release contain revisions to series published in News                                                    
Release USDL 92-750, November 30, 1992; BLS Bulletin 2421, April 1993; and table 46                                                 
in the Monthly Labor Review.  The data in this news release are preliminary and may                                                 
be revised in a forthcoming bulletin, "Productivity Measures for Selected Industries                                                
and Government Services."  Additional historical data for all components of the                                                     
measures are available upon request.  BLS Bulletin 2414, BLS Handbook of Methods,                                                   
September 1992, provides additional information on the methods used to compute                                                      
productivity.                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                    
     Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired                                                         
individuals upon request.  Voice phone: 202-606-7828, TDD phone: 202-606-5897, TDD                                                  
Message Referral Phone Number 1-800-326-2577.                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                    
   Table 1. Percent Change in Output per Employee Hour, Output, and Employee Hours for Selected Industries:                         
               1990-91 and 1991-92                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                           1990-91                   1991-92p                       
                                                                 Output            Employee Output            Employee              
      SIC code                        Industry                   per hour Output   hours    per hour Output   hours                 
                                                                                                                                    
                                       Mining                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                    
 1011                Iron mining, crude ore                          -2.3      1.3      3.8      0.9      0.4     -0.5              
 1011                Iron mining, usable ore                         -3.6      0.2      3.8     -1.3     -1.8     -0.5              
 1021                Copper mining, crude ore                         6.5     11.0      4.3     -0.8     -7.5     -6.8              
 1021                Copper mining, recoverable metal                -1.4      2.7      4.3     15.9      8.2     -6.8              
 12                  Coal mining                                      3.1     -3.2     -6.1      9.7      0.5     -8.5              
 122                 Bituminous coal and lignite mining               3.0     -3.3     -6.1      9.9      0.5     -8.6              
 1311                Crude petroleum and natural gas                  1.2      0.5     -0.6      4.7     -2.1     -6.6              
 14                  Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels              -4.5    -11.2     -7.0      7.3      4.8     -2.3              
 142                 Crushed and broken stone                       -10.5    -18.0     -8.3      5.7      4.3     -1.3              
                                                                                                                                    
                                    Manufacturing                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                    
 2011,13             Red meat products                                1.3      0.6     -0.7     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2011                Meat packing plants                              3.8      2.6     -1.1      2.9      3.6      0.7              
 2013                Sausages and other prepared meats               -2.4     -2.1      0.3     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2015                Poultry dressing and processing                  6.0      7.2      1.1     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 202                 Dairy products                                   2.3      2.4      0.0      5.1      3.8     -1.1              
 2022                Cheese, natural and processed                    5.7      5.8      0.1     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2026                Fluid milk                                       2.6      0.8     -1.7      1.4      0.0     -1.4              
 203                 Preserved fruits and vegetables                  2.3      3.8      1.5     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2033                Canned fruits and vegetables                     4.1      4.0     -0.2     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2037                Frozen fruits and vegetables                     3.6      3.0     -0.7     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 204                 Grain mill products                              0.5      0.1     -0.4     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2041,45             Flour (inc. flour mixes) and other grains        2.6      3.4      0.8     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2041                Flour and other grain mill products             -1.1      0.8      1.9     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2043                Cereal breakfast foods                           3.2     -2.5     -5.6     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2044                Rice milling                                    -5.4     -7.5     -2.2     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2046                Wet corn milling                                -3.3      2.5      6.0     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2047,48             Prepared feeds for animals and fowls            -0.4     -0.7     -0.3     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2051,52             Bakery products                                 -3.5     -2.0      1.6     -0.7     -2.9     -2.4              
 2061,62,63          Sugar                                            3.3      7.9      4.4      5.1      3.0     -1.9              
 2061,62             Raw and refined cane sugar                       3.5      7.5      3.7      2.7     -0.2     -2.8              
 2063                Beet sugar                                       2.5      8.2      5.5      9.5      8.3     -1.2              
 2082                Malt beverages                                  -2.1     -1.6      0.5      1.3     -0.4     -1.6              
 2086                Bottled and canned soft drinks                   6.6      1.6     -4.6      6.3      1.5     -4.5              
 2092                Prepared fresh or frozen fish and seafoods      -3.2     -5.3     -2.2     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2111,21,31          Tobacco products                                 6.4      0.0     -6.0      4.7      2.7     -1.9              
 2111,31             Cigarettes, chewing and smoking tobacco          5.8     -1.9     -7.2      3.9      3.1     -0.8              
 2121                Cigars                                          13.8     26.8     11.4     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2211,21             Cotton and synthetic broadwoven fabrics          7.4      2.1     -4.9      6.0      5.6     -0.4              
 2251,52             Hosiery                                          5.4      5.4      0.0     10.5      4.6     -5.3              
 2281                Yarn spinning mills                             -0.2     -1.8     -1.6      7.4      8.3      0.8              
 2311                Men's and boys' suits and coats                 -9.5    -12.0     -2.7     12.7      4.9     -6.9              
 2421                Sawmills and planing mills, general              2.6     -5.4     -7.8      7.4      5.4     -1.8              
 2431                Millwork                                        -2.1     -9.7     -7.7      0.0      3.0      3.0              
 2434                Wood kitchen cabinets                           -1.9    -12.7    -11.0     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2435,36             Veneer and plywood                               4.2     -7.8    -11.5     -0.9      0.7      1.6              
 2435                Hardwood veneer and plywood                      2.8     -5.0     -7.6     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2436                Softwood veneer and plywood                      5.7     -9.2    -14.2      2.5      3.7      1.1              
 244                 Wood containers                                  1.6     -1.4     -2.9     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 See footnotes at end of table.                                                                                                     
   Table 1. Percent Change in Output per Employee Hour, Output, and Employee Hours for Selected Industries:                         
               1990-91 and 1991-92, Continued                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                           1990-91                   1991-92p                       
                                                                 Output            Employee Output            Employee              
      SIC code                        Industry                   per hour Output   hours    per hour Output   hours                 
                                                                                                                                    
 251                 Household furniture                              3.5     -4.4     -7.6      1.8      3.3      1.5              
 2511,17             Wood household furniture                         1.5     -7.2     -8.6     -0.6      2.5      3.1              
 2512                Upholstered household furniture                  5.0     -1.7     -6.3      4.6      4.2     -0.4              
 2514                Metal household furniture                        3.6     -4.7     -7.9      8.0      2.6     -5.0              
 2515                Mattresses and bedsprings                        6.5      1.9     -4.3      3.7      6.1      2.3              
 252                 Office furniture                                -0.6    -12.6    -12.1      2.7      6.0      3.2              
 2521                Wood office furniture                            3.3    -17.2    -19.9     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2522                Office furniture, except wood                   -2.9    -10.0     -7.3     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2611,21,31          Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills                1.9      0.9     -1.1      7.3      5.2     -1.9              
 2653                Corrugated and solid fiber boxes                -0.3      0.6      0.8      1.1      4.4      3.3              
 2657                Folding paperboard boxes                        -0.8     -2.1     -1.3      0.2      1.7      1.5              
 2673,74             Paper and plastic bags                          -3.0     -5.3     -2.2     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 281                 Industrial inorganic chemicals                  -5.4     -0.8      5.0     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2812                Alkalies and chlorine                           -8.9     -0.4      9.4     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2816                Inorganic pigments                              -5.7     -6.3     -0.6     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2819 (part)         Industrial inorganic chemicals, n.e.c.          -6.0     -0.7      5.5     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2823,24             Synthetic fibers                                 2.8      1.6     -1.2      6.3      3.6     -2.6              
 2841                Soaps and detergents                             0.1     -0.6     -0.6     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2844                Cosmetics and other toiletries                   2.2     -2.6     -4.7     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2851                Paints and allied products                      -0.3     -5.0     -4.7      2.7      2.7      0.0              
 2869                Industrial organic chemicals, n.e.c.            -6.3     -5.5      0.9     -1.5     -2.0     -0.5              
 287                 Agricultural chemicals                           5.4      1.6     -3.6     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2873                Nitrogeneous fertilizers                        -0.3     -2.2     -1.9     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2874                Phosphatic fertilizers                           7.3      4.5     -2.6     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2875                Fertilizers, mixing only                         0.6     -4.9     -5.4     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2879                Agricultural chemicals, n.e.c.                   8.1      4.1     -3.7     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 2911                Petroleum refining                              -2.3      0.1      2.4      3.9      2.1     -1.7              
 3011                Tires and inner tubes                            1.4     -4.6     -5.9      6.3     13.1      6.4              
 3052                Rubber and plastics hose and belting            -8.2    -14.8     -7.1     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 308                 Miscellaneous plastics products, n.e.c.          0.7     -1.3     -2.0     -0.3      1.4      1.7              
 314                 Footwear                                         0.2     -9.4     -9.5      0.9     -2.6     -3.5              
 3221                Glass containers                                 2.0     -2.5     -4.4      5.0      1.9     -3.0              
 3241                Cement, hydraulic                               -5.3     -6.1     -0.9     11.1      7.4     -3.3              
 325                 Structural clay products                        -5.5    -12.5     -7.5      4.6      2.4     -2.1              
 3251,53,59          Clay construction products                      -5.6    -13.2     -8.1      6.6      4.4     -2.0              
 3251                Brick and structural clay tile                  -1.0    -12.8    -12.0      6.8      4.8     -1.8              
 3253                Ceramic wall and floor tile                    -11.9    -14.2     -2.6     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 3255                Clay refractories                               -5.8    -10.2     -4.7     -3.7     -5.3     -1.6              
 3271,72             Concrete products                                1.6     -9.6    -11.0      2.2      0.9     -1.2              
 3273                Ready-mixed concrete                            -3.6    -11.0     -7.7      1.9      2.0      0.1              
 331                 Steel                                           -3.7     -9.7     -6.3      8.9      5.5     -3.2              
 3321                Gray and ductile iron foundries                 -4.5    -10.3     -6.1      5.6      6.7      1.1              
 3324,25             Steel foundries                                 -2.6     -4.6     -2.0      7.5      1.6     -5.5              
 3325                Steel foundries, n.e.c.                         -0.1     -4.0     -4.0      9.9      3.2     -6.1              
 3331                Primary copper                                  -1.9     -1.9      0.0      0.0      6.4      6.3              
 3334                Primary aluminum                                 3.8      1.8     -1.9     -2.6     -2.9     -0.4              
 3351                Copper rolling and drawing                       2.5     -0.5     -3.0      6.9      7.8      0.8              
 3353,54,55          Aluminum rolling and drawing                    -1.9     -3.7     -1.8     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 3411                Metal cans                                       5.1     -0.1     -5.0      9.3      1.0     -7.5              
 3423                Hand and edge tools, n.e.c.                     -1.3     -3.7     -2.4     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 See footnotes at end of table.                                                                                                     
   Table 1. Percent Change in Output per Employee Hour, Output, and Employee Hours for Selected Industries:                         
               1990-91 and 1991-92, Continued                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                           1990-91                   1991-92p                       
                                                                 Output            Employee Output            Employee              
      SIC code                        Industry                   per hour Output   hours    per hour Output   hours                 
                                                                                                                                    
 3433                Heating equipment, except electric               4.2     -1.9     -5.8     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 3441                Fabricated structural metal                      2.4     -4.6     -6.8     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 3442                Metal doors, sash, and trim                     -2.3     -9.1     -7.0     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 3452                Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers                 2.3     -5.0     -7.1     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 3465,66,69          Metal stampings                                  2.2     -4.7     -6.8     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 3465                Automotive stampings                             3.4     -7.5    -10.6     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 3469                Metal stampings, n.e.c.                          1.4     -1.1     -2.4     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 3491,92,94          Valves and pipe fittings                         0.0     -3.8     -3.8     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 3498                Fabricated pipe and fittings                     6.4     -1.9     -7.8     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 3519                Internal combustion engines, n.e.c.             -6.9    -11.8     -5.3      7.2      7.9      0.7              
 352                 Farm and garden machinery                       -4.3    -12.8     -8.8      5.5     -0.3     -5.5              
 3523                Farm machinery and equipment                    -5.7    -14.0     -8.8      6.4     -0.2     -6.3              
 3524                Lawn and garden equipment                        0.1     -8.4     -8.5     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 3531                Construction machinery                         -12.8    -22.1    -10.5     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 3532                Mining machinery                                -8.1    -15.6     -8.1      9.3      0.9     -7.7              
 3533                Oil and gas field machinery                     -2.7      4.6      7.5     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 3541,42             Machine tools                                   -4.5    -13.2     -9.1      1.4     -7.1     -8.4              
 3541                Metal cutting machine tools                     -2.9    -11.5     -8.8     -4.2    -12.0     -8.1              
 3542                Metal forming machine tools                     -7.4    -16.5     -9.8     13.4      3.4     -8.8              
 3545                Machine tool accessories                         1.5     -6.8     -8.2     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 3561,63,94          Pumps and compressors                            0.2      2.4      2.1     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 3561,94             Pumps and pumping equipment                     -1.2     -1.4     -0.1     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 3562                Ball and roller bearings                        -3.0     -9.8     -7.0     11.5      6.8     -4.3              
 3563                Air and gas compressors                          2.5      9.6      7.0     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 3585                Refrigeration and heating equipment             -2.7     -6.0     -3.4     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 3592                Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves          1.2     -5.3     -6.4     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 3612                Transformers, except electronic                  3.7     -5.0     -8.4      7.5     -3.0     -9.7              
 3613                Switchgear and switchboard apparatus            -2.6     -8.6     -6.2     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 3621                Motors and generators                            2.6     -1.6     -4.2     -0.7     -2.1     -1.4              
 3631,32,33,39       Major household appliances                       1.9     -3.4     -5.2      8.0     11.0      2.8              
 3631                Household cooking equipment                      3.1     -4.6     -7.5     13.6     13.9      0.2              
 3632                Household refrigerators and freezers             4.6      0.8     -3.6      4.4     12.6      7.8              
 3633                Household laundry equipment                      7.3     -2.2     -8.9     18.8      8.1     -8.9              
 3639                Household appliances, n.e.c.                   -10.5    -11.6     -1.1     -3.6      7.0     10.9              
 3641                Electric lamps                                   8.1      0.0     -7.5     13.4     10.5     -2.5              
 3645,46,47,48       Lighting fixtures and equipment                 -2.1     -8.6     -6.6      0.6      1.8      1.1              
 3651                Household audio and video equipment              5.5      1.7     -3.7     14.7     12.6     -1.8              
 371                 Motor vehicles and equipment                    -5.6     -8.9     -3.5      8.2     11.1      2.6              
 3721                Aircraft manufacturing                          17.2      9.0     -7.0      0.6     -6.1     -6.6              
 3825                Instruments to measure electricity               3.3     -4.6     -7.7     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 3861                Photographic equipment and supplies              0.9      0.7     -0.2     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
                                                                                                                                    
                                   Transportation                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                    
 4011                Railroad transportation, revenue traffic         8.4      3.0     -5.0      5.7      4.2     -1.3              
 4011                Railroad transportation, car miles               3.2     -2.0     -5.0      3.2      1.9     -1.3              
 411,13,14 (parts)   Bus carriers, class I                           n.a.     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 4213                Trucking, except local (1)                      n.a.     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 4213 (part)         Trucking, ex. local, general freight (1)        n.a.     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 4512,13,22 (parts)  Air transportation (1)                           1.5     -1.9     -3.4      3.5      6.5      2.9              
 4612,13             Petroleum pipelines                             -3.4     -1.0      2.5     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 See footnotes at end of table.                                                                                                     
   Table 1. Percent Change in Output per Employee Hour, Output, and Employee Hours for Selected Industries:                         
               1990-91 and 1991-92, Continued                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                           1990-91                   1991-92p                       
                                                                 Output            Employee Output            Employee              
      SIC code                        Industry                   per hour Output   hours    per hour Output   hours                 
                                                                                                                                    
                                      Utilities                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                    
 481                 Telephone communications                         5.0      3.8     -1.1      5.0      3.1     -1.8              
 491,2,3             Gas and electric utilities                       1.8      1.2     -0.6     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 491,3 (part)        Electric utilities                               3.0      2.3     -0.7      0.8     -0.1     -0.9              
 492,3 (part)        Gas utilities                                   -1.0     -1.3     -0.3     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
                                                                                                                                    
                                      Trade (2)                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                    
 5093                Scrap and waste materials                        8.6      6.6     -1.7     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 5251                Hardware stores                                 -7.3     -6.1      1.3      7.3      6.9     -0.3              
 5311                Department stores                                4.2      1.2     -2.8      4.1      5.7      1.5              
 5331                Variety stores                                  -1.4     -5.6     -4.4     -9.5     -6.4      3.5              
 54                  Food stores                                     -0.8     -1.5     -0.7      0.7      0.3     -0.5              
 5411                Grocery stores                                  -0.7     -1.7     -0.9      0.2      0.1     -0.1              
 546                 Retail bakeries                                  6.0      1.4     -4.3     -8.3     -7.3      1.2              
 5511                New and used car dealers                        -1.4     -6.3     -4.9      0.6      0.8      0.2              
 5531                Auto and home supply stores                      0.4     -1.6     -1.9     -0.5     -1.1     -0.6              
 5541                Gasoline service stations                        0.9     -1.2     -2.0      4.4     -1.2     -5.3              
 56                  Apparel and accessory stores                     0.7     -2.1     -2.8      6.9      5.1     -1.7              
 5611                Men's and boys' clothing stores                  0.4     -7.1     -7.4      1.9     -0.6     -2.4              
 5621                Women's clothing stores                          3.2     -1.2     -4.3      9.0      5.8     -2.9              
 5651                Family clothing stores                           0.8      2.5      1.8     10.2     11.3      1.0              
 5661                Shoe stores                                     -0.8     -5.8     -5.1      3.7     -3.0     -6.4              
 57                  Home furniture, furnishings, & equipment sto     4.1      2.1     -1.9      9.0      6.3     -2.4              
 571                 Furniture and homefurnishings stores            -0.3     -2.8     -2.4      8.4      5.0     -3.3              
 572,3               Appliance, radio, T.V., and computer stores      9.6      8.1     -1.3      9.2      8.0     -1.1              
 5722                Household appliance stores                       6.1     -1.5     -7.3     18.6      8.6     -8.4              
 573                 Radio, television, and computer stores           9.6     10.5      0.8      6.4      7.8      1.3              
 581                 Eating and drinking places                       1.4     -1.0     -2.4     -1.4      0.4      1.8              
 5912                Drug stores and proprietary stores               2.7      1.8     -0.9     -1.4     -1.6     -0.2              
 5921                Liquor stores                                    1.6     -6.0     -7.5     12.8      3.8     -8.0              
                                                                                                                                    
                                    Services (2)                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
 602                 Commercial banks                                 3.5      0.4     -3.0      3.9      1.1     -2.7              
 7011                Hotels and motels                                0.9     -2.0     -2.9     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 721                 Laundry, cleaning, and garment services         -2.4     -2.9     -0.5     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 7231,41             Beauty and barber shops                         -4.2     -2.6      1.7     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 7231                Beauty shops                                    -4.2     -2.9      1.3     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
 753                 Automotive repair shops                         -6.1     -7.7     -1.7     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.              
                                                                                                                                    
 p=preliminary                                                                                                                      
 n.a.=not available                                                                                                                 
 (1) Output per employee and employees are used for SIC 4213, SIC 4213 (part), and SIC 4512,13,22 (parts).                          
 (2) Output per hour of all persons and hours of all persons are used for all trade and service industries                          
        except SIC 5311, SIC 5511, and SIC 602.                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
   Table 2. Rates of Change in Output per Employee Hour, Output, and Employee Hours for Selected Industries:                        
               1973-79 and 1979-92 (1)                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                           1973-79                   1979-92p                       
                                                                 Output            Employee Output            Employee              
      SIC code                        Industry                   per hour Output   hours    per hour Output   hours                 
                                                                                                                                    
                                       Mining                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                    
 1011                Iron mining, crude ore                           1.4      2.4      1.0      4.9     -3.1     -7.7              
 1011                Iron mining, usable ore                          0.0      1.0      1.0      4.1     -3.9     -7.7              
 1021                Copper mining, crude ore                         2.9      0.1     -2.7      4.9     -0.8     -5.5              
 1021                Copper mining, recoverable metal                 2.3     -0.5     -2.7      7.2      1.3     -5.5              
 12                  Coal mining                                     -3.9      4.4      8.6      7.1      1.9     -4.9              
 122                 Bituminous coal and lignite mining              -3.9      4.6      8.8      7.2      1.9     -4.9              
 1311                Crude petroleum and natural gas                 -7.3     -1.4      6.3     -0.6     -1.1     -0.5              
 14                  Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels               0.9      1.4      0.5      1.6     -0.1     -1.7              
 142                 Crushed and broken stone                         2.2      1.0     -1.2      1.1      0.2     -0.9              
                                                                                                                                    
                                    Manufacturing                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                    
 2011,13             Red meat products                                3.5      3.8      0.3      1.0      1.0      0.0    (2)       
 2011                Meat packing plants                              2.8      3.0      0.2      1.6      0.2     -1.4              
 2013                Sausages and other prepared meats                5.5      6.1      0.6     -0.2      3.0      3.2    (2)       
 2015                Poultry dressing and processing                  5.4      7.2      1.7      3.1      7.5      4.2    (2)       
 202                 Dairy products                                   3.4      0.9     -2.4      3.2      2.0     -1.2              
 2022                Cheese, natural and processed                    0.9      4.1      3.1      3.3      5.0      1.6    (2)       
 2026                Fluid milk                                       4.5      0.2     -4.2      3.7      0.4     -3.2              
 203                 Preserved fruits and vegetables                  1.0      1.6      0.6      1.6      1.6      0.0    (2)       
 2033                Canned fruits and vegetables                     1.3      0.3     -1.0      2.3      1.4     -0.9    (2)       
 2037                Frozen fruits and vegetables                     1.3      2.9      1.6      1.0      1.2      0.2    (2)       
 204                 Grain mill products                              3.6      3.4     -0.1      3.7      2.7     -1.0    (2)       
 2041,45             Flour (inc. flour mixes) and other grains        1.6      0.7     -0.9      3.4      2.1     -1.2    (2)       
 2041                Flour and other grain mill products              3.2      1.4     -1.7      2.9      1.0     -1.8    (2)       
 2043                Cereal breakfast foods                           1.7      4.7      2.9      2.7      2.7      0.0    (2)       
 2044                Rice milling                                     2.9      7.7      4.7      2.7      0.9     -1.7    (2)       
 2046                Wet corn milling                                10.8      8.8     -1.8      6.7      6.7      0.0    (2)       
 2047,48             Prepared feeds for animals and fowls             3.6      2.9     -0.6      3.6      2.1     -1.4    (2)       
 2051,52             Bakery products                                  0.3     -0.1     -0.3      0.6     -0.6     -1.3              
 2061,62,63          Sugar                                            1.1     -1.0     -2.1      1.2     -0.6     -1.8              
 2061,62             Raw and refined cane sugar                       1.4     -0.2     -1.6      0.6     -1.8     -2.4              
 2063                Beet sugar                                       0.8     -2.2     -3.0      2.1      1.2     -0.9              
 2082                Malt beverages                                   6.9      4.7     -2.0      4.1      1.3     -2.7              
 2086                Bottled and canned soft drinks                   4.5      6.0      1.3      6.4      3.2     -3.0              
 2092                Prepared fresh or frozen fish and seafoods       0.5      6.2      5.7     -1.2      0.2      1.4    (2)       
 2111,21,31          Tobacco products                                 2.2     -0.7     -2.9      2.9     -0.7     -3.4              
 2111,31             Cigarettes, chewing and smoking tobacco          2.4      1.3     -1.1      2.6     -0.4     -2.9              
 2121                Cigars                                           2.1     -8.8    -10.6      4.7     -3.0     -7.4    (2)       
 2211,21             Cotton and synthetic broadwoven fabrics          4.7      3.2     -1.4      3.6     -0.7     -4.2              
 2251,52             Hosiery                                          6.3      3.4     -2.7      2.2      1.9     -0.2              
 2281                Yarn spinning mills                              3.4      1.8     -1.5      4.2      3.0     -1.2              
 2311                Men's and boys' suits and coats                  2.4     -3.7     -5.9      1.3     -3.1     -4.4              
 2421                Sawmills and planing mills, general              1.0      0.9     -0.1      3.3      1.4     -1.9              
 2431                Millwork                                        -1.7     -1.7      0.0      0.1      1.6      1.5              
 2434                Wood kitchen cabinets                            1.7      5.9      4.2      0.4      2.1      1.7    (2)       
 2435,36             Veneer and plywood                               1.3      0.5     -0.8      3.7      0.6     -3.0              
 2435                Hardwood veneer and plywood                      3.3      0.7     -2.5      2.4      0.5     -1.8    (2)       
 2436                Softwood veneer and plywood                      0.2      0.4      0.2      4.9      0.8     -3.9              
 244                 Wood containers                                 n.a.     n.a.     n.a.      3.6      3.2     -0.3    (2)       
 See footnotes at end of table.                                                                                                     
   Table 2. Rates of Change in Output per Employee Hour, Output, and Employee Hours for Selected Industries:                        
               1973-79 and 1979-92 (1), Continued                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                           1973-79                   1979-92p                       
                                                                 Output            Employee Output            Employee              
      SIC code                        Industry                   per hour Output   hours    per hour Output   hours                 
                                                                                                                                    
 251                 Household furniture                              0.7     -0.1     -0.8      1.7      0.2     -1.5              
 2511,17             Wood household furniture                        -0.4     -1.2     -0.8      0.7     -0.6     -1.3              
 2512                Upholstered household furniture                  2.4      2.1     -0.2      2.1      0.8     -1.2              
 2514                Metal household furniture                       -0.7     -1.8     -1.1      3.7      0.7     -2.9              
 2515                Mattresses and bedsprings                        2.5      0.1     -2.4      2.9      1.6     -1.2              
 252                 Office furniture                                 2.9      5.6      2.6      0.6      3.1      2.4              
 2521                Wood office furniture                            6.0     14.9      8.4     -1.2     -0.2      0.9    (2)       
 2522                Office furniture, except wood                    1.1      0.8     -0.2      1.3      4.6      3.2    (2)       
 2611,21,31          Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills                2.4      1.5     -0.9      3.1      2.3     -0.7              
 2653                Corrugated and solid fiber boxes                 3.6      2.2     -1.4      1.2      2.5      1.3              
 2657                Folding paperboard boxes                         2.0      2.0      0.0      0.7      0.5     -0.2              
 2673,74             Paper and plastic bags                           0.7      1.4      0.7      0.3      0.8      0.5    (2)       
 281                 Industrial inorganic chemicals                   1.6      2.0      0.4     -0.5     -1.3     -0.9    (2)       
 2812                Alkalies and chlorine                            0.9     -8.5     -9.3      3.9      4.3      0.4    (2)       
 2816                Inorganic pigments                              -1.4     -4.3     -2.9      2.6      0.2     -2.3    (2)       
 2819 (part)         Industrial inorganic chemicals, n.e.c.           2.5      6.9      4.2     -1.8     -3.1     -1.2    (2)       
 2823,24             Synthetic fibers                                 6.3      2.7     -3.4      3.1     -0.3     -3.3              
 2841                Soaps and detergents                             0.6      1.5      0.8      3.0      3.1      0.0    (2)       
 2844                Cosmetics and other toiletries                   1.2      3.0      1.7      0.6      2.3      1.6    (2)       
 2851                Paints and allied products                       4.1      2.6     -1.5      2.5      1.0     -1.5              
 2869                Industrial organic chemicals, n.e.c.             3.9      5.8      1.9      0.3     -0.5     -0.8              
 287                 Agricultural chemicals                           2.7      5.0      2.1      2.5      0.6     -1.9    (2)       
 2873                Nitrogeneous fertilizers                         3.0      5.7      2.6      3.6      0.3     -3.2    (2)       
 2874                Phosphatic fertilizers                           1.0      3.4      2.3      3.6      0.6     -2.9    (2)       
 2875                Fertilizers, mixing only                         4.1      2.4     -1.7      0.3     -3.1     -3.4    (2)       
 2879                Agricultural chemicals, n.e.c.                   3.1      8.1      4.8      2.2      2.7      0.4    (2)       
 2911                Petroleum refining                               0.2      2.3      2.1      2.3     -0.1     -2.3              
 3011                Tires and inner tubes                            2.0     -0.1     -2.1      5.0      1.4     -3.4              
 3052                Rubber and plastics hose and belting             0.4      4.9      4.5      0.8     -3.9     -4.6    (2)       
 308                 Miscellaneous plastics products, n.e.c.          0.2      4.2      4.0      2.4      4.5      2.0              
 314                 Footwear                                         0.3     -3.7     -4.0      0.0     -6.7     -6.7              
 3221                Glass containers                                 1.7      0.4     -1.3      2.9     -2.3     -5.0              
 3241                Cement, hydraulic                               -0.7     -0.3      0.4      4.3     -0.7     -4.7              
 325                 Structural clay products                         0.9     -0.4     -1.3      1.7     -1.6     -3.3              
 3251,53,59          Clay construction products                       0.2     -1.5     -1.7      2.2     -0.8     -2.9              
 3251                Brick and structural clay tile                  -0.9     -2.1     -1.2      1.7     -2.2     -3.8              
 3253                Ceramic wall and floor tile                      3.3      4.7      1.4      1.9      2.5      0.6    (2)       
 3255                Clay refractories                                2.8      2.8      0.1      0.3     -4.3     -4.6              
 3271,72             Concrete products                                0.0     -1.5     -1.5      1.6      1.0     -0.6              
 3273                Ready-mixed concrete                            -0.6      1.6      2.2      0.2     -0.5     -0.7              
 331                 Steel                                            0.0     -1.1     -1.2      3.9     -2.1     -5.8              
 3321                Gray and ductile iron foundries                  0.4     -0.4     -0.8      1.1     -3.8     -4.8              
 3324,25             Steel foundries                                 -0.2      3.8      4.0     -0.3     -4.6     -4.3              
 3325                Steel foundries, n.e.c.                         -0.1      3.7      3.8      1.1     -5.9     -6.9              
 3331                Primary copper                                   3.8     -2.4     -6.0      5.7     -0.9     -6.2              
 3334                Primary aluminum                                 0.0      2.3      2.2      2.9     -1.0     -3.7              
 3351                Copper rolling and drawing                       0.9     -1.4     -2.2      2.8     -0.9     -3.5              
 3353,54,55          Aluminum rolling and drawing                     1.1      0.7     -0.4      1.2     -0.1     -1.3    (2)       
 3411                Metal cans                                       4.1      0.6     -3.3      4.0     -0.7     -4.5              
 3423                Hand and edge tools, n.e.c.                      0.4      3.3      2.9     -1.0     -2.9     -1.8    (2)       
 See footnotes at end of table.                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
   Table 2. Rates of Change in Output per Employee Hour, Output, and Employee Hours for Selected Industries:                        
               1973-79 and 1979-92 (1), Continued                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                           1973-79                   1979-92p                       
                                                                 Output            Employee Output            Employee              
      SIC code                        Industry                   per hour Output   hours    per hour Output   hours                 
                                                                                                                                    
 3433                Heating equipment, except electric               2.0      1.0     -1.0      2.3     -2.7     -4.9    (2)       
 3441                Fabricated structural metal                     -1.7     -1.1      0.6      1.2     -1.4     -2.6    (2)       
 3442                Metal doors, sash, and trim                      0.1      0.8      0.7      0.6     -0.2     -0.8    (2)       
 3452                Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers                 1.1      1.5      0.4      1.7     -0.6     -2.3    (2)       
 3465,66,69          Metal stampings                                  0.9      0.1     -0.7      1.0     -0.5     -1.5    (2)       
 3465                Automotive stampings                             1.4     -1.1     -2.5      2.1      0.5     -1.6    (2)       
 3469                Metal stampings, n.e.c.                          0.3      1.9      1.5     -0.1     -1.3     -1.3    (2)       
 3491,92,94          Valves and pipe fittings                         0.3      2.5      2.1      0.6     -0.6     -1.2    (2)       
 3498                Fabricated pipe and fittings                    -3.3      5.5      9.1     -0.5     -4.1     -3.6    (2)       
 3519                Internal combustion engines, n.e.c.              1.3      5.4      4.1      1.4     -2.8     -4.1              
 352                 Farm and garden machinery                        1.0      3.0      2.0      1.9     -3.8     -5.6              
 3523                Farm machinery and equipment                     0.4      2.5      2.0      2.0     -5.0     -6.9              
 3524                Lawn and garden equipment                        3.9      5.8      1.8      1.2      0.7     -0.4    (2)       
 3531                Construction machinery                           1.1      2.3      1.2      0.7     -5.6     -6.3    (2)       
 3532                Mining machinery                                -2.1      2.3      4.5      1.1     -5.3     -6.4              
 3533                Oil and gas field machinery                      0.0     10.5     10.6     -2.5     -7.1     -4.7    (2)       
 3541,42             Machine tools                                   -0.8      0.4      1.3      0.6     -6.5     -7.1              
 3541                Metal cutting machine tools                     -0.4      2.0      2.4      0.3     -7.3     -7.6              
 3542                Metal forming machine tools                     -2.3     -3.5     -1.3      1.0     -4.8     -5.8              
 3545                Machine tool accessories                        -0.8      2.5      3.3      0.7     -1.8     -2.4    (2)       
 3561,63,94          Pumps and compressors                            0.8      4.6      3.7      1.9     -0.8     -2.6    (2)       
 3561,94             Pumps and pumping equipment                      1.2      3.4      2.2      1.7     -0.9     -2.6    (2)       
 3562                Ball and roller bearings                         0.5      0.2     -0.3     -0.4     -3.5     -3.1              
 3563                Air and gas compressors                         -0.1      7.1      7.2      2.2     -0.5     -2.6    (2)       
 3585                Refrigeration and heating equipment             -0.3     -0.2      0.1      0.6     -0.4     -1.0    (2)       
 3592                Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves         -3.9     -2.5      1.5      3.1     -3.7     -6.6    (2)       
 3612                Transformers, except electronic                  1.9     -0.4     -2.3      1.4     -0.9     -2.2              
 3613                Switchgear and switchboard apparatus             0.2      0.5      0.2      1.6     -2.9     -4.5    (2)       
 3621                Motors and generators                           -0.2      0.7      0.9      1.3     -2.2     -3.5              
 3631,32,33,39       Major household appliances                       3.3      1.7     -1.5      2.6      0.5     -2.0              
 3631                Household cooking equipment                      4.2      6.3      2.0      3.6     -0.2     -3.6              
 3632                Household refrigerators and freezers             2.7     -1.1     -3.8      2.4      1.3     -1.1              
 3633                Household laundry equipment                      3.4      0.1     -3.2      3.5      0.8     -2.7              
 3639                Household appliances, n.e.c.                     3.2      2.5     -0.6      0.1     -0.4     -0.5              
 3641                Electric lamps                                   2.6      0.2     -2.3      5.3      0.5     -4.6              
 3645,46,47,48       Lighting fixtures and equipment                  0.1     -0.4     -0.5      0.7      0.4     -0.3              
 3651                Household audio and video equipment              5.1      0.1     -4.8     11.0      4.2     -6.1              
 371                 Motor vehicles and equipment                     2.2      1.6     -0.6      2.3      0.8     -1.4              
 3721                Aircraft                                         3.8      6.1      2.2      1.5      1.4     -0.1              
 3825                Instruments to measure electricity               1.7      7.5      5.7      3.3      1.9     -1.3    (2)       
 3861                Photographic equipment and supplies              4.9      6.3      1.3      1.6     -0.8     -2.4    (2)       
                                                                                                                                    
                                   Transportation                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                    
 4011                Railroad transportation, revenue traffic         1.4      0.1     -1.3      8.1      1.5     -6.1              
 4011                Railroad transportation, car miles               0.2     -1.0     -1.3      5.5     -0.9     -6.1              
 411,13,14 (parts)   Bus carriers, class I                           -1.3     -0.9      0.4     -0.3     -3.8     -3.5    (5)       
 4213                Trucking, except local (3)                       3.2      2.0     -1.2      2.7     -0.7     -3.3    (5)       
 4213 (part)         Trucking, ex. local, general freight (3)         4.0      1.3     -2.6      3.0     -1.2     -4.1    (5)       
 4512,13,22 (parts)  Air transportation (3)                           4.8      6.8      1.9      1.5      4.5      3.0              
 4612,13             Petroleum pipelines                              0.6      4.0      3.4      0.3     -0.3     -0.6    (2)       
 See footnotes at end of table.                                                                                                     
   Table 2. Rates of Change in Output per Employee Hour, Output, and Employee Hours for Selected Industries:                        
               1973-79 and 1979-92 (1), Continued                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                           1973-79                   1979-92p                       
                                                                 Output            Employee Output            Employee              
      SIC code                        Industry                   per hour Output   hours    per hour Output   hours                 
                                                                                                                                    
                                      Utilities                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                    
 481                 Telephone communications                         6.9      8.2      1.3      5.0      3.8     -1.1              
 491,2,3             Gas and electric utilities                       0.9      2.4      1.5      0.3      1.1      0.8    (2)       
 491,3 (part)        Electric utilities                               1.3      3.4      2.1      1.4      2.3      0.9              
 492,3 (part)        Gas utilities                                   -0.2     -0.1      0.0     -3.5     -3.4      0.1    (2)       
                                                                                                                                    
                                      Trade (4)                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                    
 5093                Scrap and waste materials                       n.a.     n.a.     n.a.      3.0      3.0     -0.1    (2)       
 5251                Hardware stores                                  2.6      4.3      1.7      0.8      0.9      0.0              
 5311                Department stores                                3.1      2.9     -0.2      2.5      3.3      0.8              
 5331                Variety stores                                  -2.7     -5.2     -2.6     -0.1     -4.3     -4.2              
 54                  Food stores                                     -0.7      1.1      1.8     -0.8      0.8      1.6              
 5411                Grocery stores                                  -0.3      1.4      1.7     -0.9      0.9      1.9              
 546                 Retail bakeries                                 -1.9      0.3      2.2     -2.3     -1.0      1.4              
 5511                New and used car dealers                         0.3      0.3      0.1      1.6      1.7      0.1              
 5531                Auto and home supply stores                      2.3      5.8      3.4      2.6      3.7      1.1              
 5541                Gasoline service stations                        3.7     -1.2     -4.7      2.8      1.5     -1.3              
 56                  Apparel and accessory stores                     2.1      4.3      2.1      2.6      3.7      1.1              
 5611                Men's and boys' clothing stores                  0.8      0.5     -0.3      1.9     -1.8     -3.6              
 5621                Women's clothing stores                          3.6      5.3      1.7      3.9      3.9      0.0              
 5651                Family clothing stores                          -0.2      4.6      4.8      3.1      7.0      3.8              
 5661                Shoe stores                                      2.0      4.2      2.2      1.4      1.8      0.3              
 57                  Home furniture, furnishings, & equipment sto     2.1      4.4      2.3      4.2      5.3      1.1              
 571                 Furniture and homefurnishings stores             1.5      3.0      1.5      1.8      2.7      0.9              
 572,3               Appliance, radio, T.V., and computer stores      3.0      6.6      3.4      7.5      9.0      1.4              
 5722                Household appliance stores                       3.4      2.1     -1.2      5.2      3.5     -1.7              
 573                 Radio, television, and computer stores           2.4      9.2      6.7      8.0     10.9      2.6              
 581                 Eating and drinking places                      -0.6      3.2      3.9     -0.1      2.1      2.2              
 5912                Drug stores and proprietary stores               1.1      1.5      0.4      0.7      1.6      0.9              
 5921                Liquor stores                                   -0.7      0.8      1.6      1.7     -0.5     -2.1              
                                                                                                                                    
                                    Services (4)                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
 602                 Commercial banks                                 0.6      4.6      4.0      2.6      2.9      0.4              
 7011                Hotels and motels                                1.1      4.0      2.8     -1.7      1.5      3.2    (2)       
 721                 Laundry, cleaning, and garment services         -0.2     -3.3     -3.2     -1.1      0.0      1.1    (2)       
 7231,41             Beauty and barber shops                          1.1     -0.2     -1.2     -0.2      1.3      1.5    (2)       
 7231                Beauty shops                                     0.2      1.0      0.7     -0.2      1.9      2.1    (2)       
 753                 Automotive repair shops                         -0.7      4.0      4.7     -0.4      2.3      2.8    (2)       
                                                                                                                                    
 p=preliminary                                                                                                                      
 n.a.=not available                                                                                                                 
 (1) Average annual percent change using compound rate formula.                                                                     
 (2) 1979-91.                                                                                                                       
 (3) Output per employee and employees are used for SIC 4213, SIC 4213 (part), and SIC 4512,13,22 (parts).                          
 (4) Output per hour of all persons and hours of all persons are used for all trade and service industries                          
        except SIC 5311, SIC 5511, and SIC 602.                                                                                     
 (5) 1979-89.