Installation, maintenance, and repair workers

This occupational group includes computer, automated teller and office 

machine repairers, avionics technicians, security and fire alarm systems 

installers, aircraft mechanics and technicians, bus and truck mechanics, 

diesel engine specialists, small engine mechanics, bicycle repairers, 

home appliance repairers, millwrights, watch repairers, wind turbine 

service technicians, and riggers.

Cognitive and mental requirements

The qualifications that workers need to use judgment, make decisions, 

interact with others, and adapt to changes in jobs.

Table 1. Percentage of installation, maintenance, and repair workers with cognitive and 

mental requirements, 2023

Requirement Yes No

Pace: Pause control 71.8 28.2

Interaction with general public 66.5 33.5

Working around crowds <0.5 >99.5

Telework 0.5 99.5

Work review: Supervising others 14.1 85.9

Work review: Presence of supervisor 51.4 48.6

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Requirements Survey

Education, training, and experience requirements

The minimum level of formal 

education required, 

credentials necessary, on-thejob training, and prior work 

experience necessary for 

average performance in jobs.

In 2023, credentials were 

required for 73.3 percent of 

installation, maintenance, and 

repair workers. Prior work 

experience was required for 

67.2 percent and on-the-job 

training was required for 75.6 

percent.

A high school diploma was 

required for 61.2 percent of 

installation, maintenance, and 

repair workers.
Occupational Requirements Survey ●www.bls.gov/ors ●orsinfo@bls.gov ●202.691.6199

Environmental conditions

The various tangible or concrete hazards 

or difficulties that are in the vicinity of 

where jobs’ critical tasks are performed.

In 2023, a quiet noise exposure was 

present for 2.6 percent of installation, 

maintenance, and repair workers. 

Another 82.8 percent were exposed to 

moderate noise, 14.0 percent were 

exposed to loud noise, and 0.7 percent 

to very loud noise. Personal protective 

equipment (PPE) was used by 33.1 

percent of workers to mitigate noise 

exposure, and was not used by 66.9 

percent.

Physical demands

Refer to the physical activities 

required to perform tasks in jobs. 

The presence and, in some cases, 

duration of these activities are 

published.

In 2023, reaching at or below the 

shoulder was required for 97.6 

percent of installation, 

maintenance, and repair workers 

and was not required for 2.4 

percent.

Performing work in low postures 

was required for 95.0 percent of 

installation, maintenance, and repair workers and was not required for 5.0 percent. For 33.4 percent of workers, 

stooping was required to perform low work.

The choice to sit or stand when performing critical tasks was available to 18.4 percent of installation, maintenance, and 

repair workers. On average, workers spent 20.4 percent of the workday sitting and 79.6 percent of the workday 

standing.

Table 2. Percentage of installation, maintenance, and repair workers with physical 

demands, 2023

Requirement Yes No

Choice of sitting or standing 18.4 81.6

Driving 74.0 26.0

Climbing structure-related ramps or stairs 42.9 57.1

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Requirements Survey