IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Ronald W. Emert, Jr., :

Petitioner :

:

v. : No. 230 C.D. 2016

: Submitted: July 29, 2016

Unemployment Compensation Board :

of Review, :

Respondent :

BEFORE: HONORABLE ROBERT SIMPSON, Judge

HONORABLE PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge

HONORABLE ROCHELLE S. FRIEDMAN, Senior Judge

OPINION NOT REPORTED

MEMORANDUM OPINION

BY JUDGE SIMPSON FILED: September 1, 2016

Ronald W. Emert, Jr. (Claimant), representing himself, petitions for 

review from an order of the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review 

(Board) that denied him unemployment compensation (UC) benefits under Section 

402(b) of the UC Law (Law) (voluntary quit).

1

 Claimant contends the Board erred 

in determining he voluntarily quit his employment with Derby Landscaping, Inc. 

(Employer). Upon review, we affirm.

I. Background

Claimant worked for Employer as a full-time laborer. His last day of 

work was August 6, 2015. On August 17, Claimant returned to work after a

vacation, and he met with Daniel M. Derby, Employer’s President and Owner

(Owner). During the meeting, Owner issued Claimant a written reprimand that 

 

1 Act of December 5, 1936, Second Ex. Sess., P.L. (1937) 2897, as amended, 43 P.S. 

§802(b).
2

outlined several issues with Claimant’s work performance. Owner provided 

Claimant a written reprimand in an effort to correct his performance issues and to 

allow Claimant to “improve the quality of [his] work and attention to detail.” 

Certified Record (C.R.), Item No. 10, Ex. Emp. 1 (written reprimand, 8/6/15), at 1. 

Owner also discussed with Claimant the fact that he knew Claimant was not at 

certain job sites when he claimed to be because the Employer-provided truck 

contained a Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking device.

Claimant replied he no longer worked for Employer and would collect 

unemployment. Employer did not respond to this statement. Claimant then took

out his Employer-provided cell phone and began deleting personal information. 

Out of fear Claimant would damage the phone, Employer attempted to grab the 

phone from Claimant. A scuffle ensued. Police were called. While no charges 

were filed against either party, police escorted Claimant from the premises.

Thereafter, Claimant applied for UC benefits, which a local service 

center denied. Claimant appealed, and a referee’s hearing followed.

At the hearing, Employer was represented by counsel; Claimant was 

unrepresented. Claimant testified regarding the nature of his job responsibilities 

with Employer. Claimant further testified Owner terminated his employment 

because he was not a profitable employee. Claimant then read the police report 

regarding the scuffle into the record.
3

On cross-examination, Claimant admitted to concurrently operating 

his own independent landscaping business while working for Employer. Claimant 

also admitted he performed work for his own business while working for 

Employer, and his business is no longer in operation.

For his part, Owner testified he issued Claimant a written reprimand 

in an effort to inform Claimant of issues with his work performance and to allow 

Claimant to make improvements in those areas. Owner detailed several of 

Claimant’s work-related performance issues. When Owner would attempt to 

correct Claimant’s work performance verbally, Claimant would become combative 

and aggressive. Owner told Claimant that Employer’s trucks were equipped with 

GPS tracking devices, and, therefore, he knew Claimant was not on certain job 

sites as expected. Claimant replied he no longer worked for Employer, and he 

would just collect unemployment. Owner and Claimant scuffled for possession of 

an Employer-issued cell phone. When Owner recovered the phone, he learned 

Claimant used Employer’s resources for his own landscaping business.

Employer’s office manager, Mary Derby (Office Manager), also 

testified for Employer. Office Manager explained how information retrieved from 

the Employer-issued cell phone revealed multiple instances of Claimant using 

Employer’s tools, materials and resources for his own landscaping business. 

Employer presented an additional witness, Ethan Derby (Son), 

Owner’s son, who works as a laborer with Employer. Son testified he witnessed 
4

the events of August 17, and he confirmed Owner accurately described those 

events.

After the hearing, the referee found Claimant ineligible for benefits 

under Section 402(b) of the UC Law. The referee determined, among other things, 

substantial evidence supported a finding that Owner desired a continuing 

employment relationship with Claimant at the time of the August 17 meeting, that 

Owner did not discharge Claimant, and that Owner did not possess the intent to do 

so. Further, the referee found Claimant voluntarily resigned his employment by 

virtue of his statements to Owner.

On Claimant’s appeal, the Board made its own findings, and it

affirmed the referee. Claimant now petitions for review to this Court.

II. Issue

On appeal,2 Claimant contends the record does not contain substantial 

evidence to show he voluntarily quit his employment; rather, Owner terminated 

Claimant’s employment. In support, Claimant relies exclusively on excerpts from 

the police report filed after the scuffle. Certified Record (C.R.), Item No. 10, Ex. 

Clmt-1 (police report, dated 8/17/15), at 4.

 

2 Our review is limited to determining whether necessary findings of fact were supported 

by substantial evidence, whether errors of law were committed or whether constitutional rights 

were violated. Oliver v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 5 A.3d 432 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2010) 

(en banc).
5

III. Discussion

In UC cases, the Board is the ultimate fact-finder. Oliver v. 

Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 5 A.3d 432 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2010) (en banc). 

As such, issues of credibility and the evidentiary weight given to conflicting 

testimony are within the Board’s exclusive province. Id. The Board may reject the 

testimony of the claimant if it concludes his testimony is not worthy of belief. 

Adams v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 373 A.2d 1383 (Pa. Cmwlth. 

1977). Further, this Court must view the record in the light most favorable to the 

party prevailing before the Board. Sanders v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of 

Review, 739 A.2d 616 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1999). We must give that party the benefit of 

all reasonable inferences that can be drawn from the evidence. Id.

In addition, “[t]he fact that [a party] may have produced witnesses 

who gave a different version of the events, or that [the party] might view the 

testimony differently than the Board is not grounds for reversal if substantial 

evidence supports the Board's findings.” Tapco, Inc. v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. 

of Review, 650 A.2d 1106, 1108-09 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1994). Thus, it is irrelevant 

whether the record contains substantial evidence to support findings other than 

those made by the Board; the critical inquiry is whether there is substantial 

evidence to support the findings actually made. Wise v. Unemployment Comp. 

Bd. of Review, 111 A.3d 1256 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2015); Ductmate Indus., Inc. v. 

Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 949 A.2d 338 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2008).

Section 402(b) of the Law states that a claimant shall be ineligible for 

UC benefits when he voluntarily terminates his employment without necessitous 

and compelling cause. 43 P.S. §802(b). Whether a claimant voluntarily 
6

terminated his employment is a question of law to be determined by examining the 

Board’s findings. Fishel v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 674 A.2d 770 

(Pa. Cmwlth. 1996); Pa. Liquor Control Bd. v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of 

Review, 648 A.2d 124 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1994).

A voluntary quit requires a finding that the claimant had a conscious 

intention to leave his employment. Procyson v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of 

Review, 4 A.3d 1124 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2010). In determining a claimant’s intent, this 

Court must consider the totality of the circumstances surrounding the incident. Id.

Further, a claimant bears the burden of proving the separation is the 

result of a discharge. Norman Ashton Klinger & Assoc. v. Unemployment Comp. 

Bd. of Review, 561 A.2d 841 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1989). For an employer’s statement to 

be interpreted as a discharge, the “language must possess the immediacy and 

finality of firing.” Fishel, 674 A.2d at 772. Statements such as “pick up your 

pay,” “turn in your key,” “pull your time card,” “turn in your uniform,” and 

“there’s the door” possess the finality of a firing. Rizzitano v. Unemployment 

Comp. Bd. of Review, 377 A.2d 1060, 1061 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1977).

In contrast, where an employer’s statement presents a claimant with 

the option of maintaining the employment relationship, this Court does not find a 

termination. See e.g., Lawlor v. Unemployment Comp. Bd. of Review, 391 A.2d 8 

(Pa. Cmwlth. 1978) (holding that employer’s advice to claimant that he either 

change his attitude toward his supervisor or make a decision as to what he was 

going to do, lacked the immediacy and finality of a firing).
7

Here, the Board made the following relevant findings:

2. On August 6, 2015, [Owner] issued [C]laimant a written 

warning expressing dissatisfaction with various facets of 

[C]laimant’s work performance as well as his demeanor at 

work.

3. [C]laimant then went on vacation.

4. When [C]laimant returned from his vacation on August 17, 

2015, [Owner] met with him and started discussing additional 

deficiencies. 

5. [Owner], however, had no intention of discharging 

[C]laimant.

6. [C]laimant became increasingly upset and he stated he was 

no longer working for [E]mployer and he was going to collect 

unemployment.

7. At that point, [C]laimant quickly pulled out his [E]mployer 

provided cell phone and started deleting personal information 

from the phone.

8. [Owner] feared [C]laimant was trying to damage the phone 

so he grabbed for it and a scuffle ensued.

9. [Owner] was knocked to the floor and suffered minor 

injuries.

10. The police were called, however, no charges were filed 

against either party.

11. [C]laimant alleges he had no intention of quitting his 

position and when he allegedly asked if he was going to be let 

go at the end of the conversation [E]mployer responded ‘yes.’

Bd. Op., 12/16/15, Findings of Fact (F.F.) Nos. 2-11 (emphasis added). The Board 

further determined (with emphasis added):
8

Based upon the above [f]indings, which are supported by

[E]mployer’s [witnesses’] credible testimony and evidence, the 

Board concludes that [C]laimant quit his position. [C]laimant 

expressed the necessary intent when he said during the August 

17, 2015 meeting, that he was no longer working for 

[E]mployer and he was going to collect unemployment. Since 

[C]laimant only asserts that he was discharged, he has not 

demonstrated necessitous and compelling cause for quitting his 

position. Therefore, benefits are denied under Section 402(b) 

of the Law.

Bd. Op. at 2. The credible evidence supports the Board’s determination that 

Claimant voluntarily quit his employment with Employer.

To that end, Owner testified he did not intend to terminate Claimant 

on August 17, and continuing work was “[a]bsolutely” available. Referee’s Hr’g, 

Notes of Testimony (N.T.), 9/25/15, at 11, 15. Owner confronted Claimant over

timesheets which indicated Claimant was present on certain job sites when, in fact, 

he was not. According to Owner, Claimant responded, “so I don’t work here 

anymore[,] I’ll just collect unemployment.” N.T. at 11. The Board credited 

Owner’s testimony. Bd. Op. at 2.

Further, Employer’s written reprimand to Claimant, which initiated 

the August 17 meeting, showed Owner wished to provide Claimant “the 

opportunity to improve the quality of [his] work and attention to detail.” C.R., 

Item No. 10, Ex. Emp. 1at 1. In light of Employer’s credited evidence, the Board 

rejected Claimant’s testimony that Employer intended to terminate his 

employment.
9

In addition, the Board chose not to rely on the out-of-court statements 

in the reporting officer’s narrative in the police report, but instead chose to rely on 

Owner’s first-hand account of Claimant’s separation from employment. No error 

is apparent in this regard. Oliver.

3

Moreover, as the Board stated, Claimant does not assert he had 

necessitous and compelling cause to quit his employment. Thus, the Board 

properly determined he was ineligible for UC benefits under Section 402(b) of the 

Law.

Accordingly, we affirm.

 

ROBERT SIMPSON, Judge

 

3

In any event, the statements set forth in the reporting officer’s narrative, upon which 

Claimant relies exclusively, do not indicate the immediacy and finality of a firing. See C.R., 

Item No. 10, Ex. Clmt-1 (police report, dated 8/17/15), at 4 (“While speaking with [Owner] I 

learned that he met with a former employee, [Claimant] prior to my arrival to discuss subpar 

work performance and to consider termination of [Claimant]. ... I next spoke with [Son] ... He 

stated that he and his father were speaking with [Claimant] regarding his future with the 

company at which time [Claimant], (possibly sensing he was about to be terminated) pulled out 

his cellular phone (owned by [Employer]) and began to delete personal information from the 

phone. I then spoke with [Claimant] who stated that he felt as if he were being terminated ....”) 

(Emphasis added).
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

Ronald W. Emert, Jr., :

Petitioner :

:

v. : No. 230 C.D. 2016

:

Unemployment Compensation Board :

Of Review :

Respondent :

O R D E R

AND NOW, this 1st day of September, 2016, the order of the 

Unemployment Compensation Board of Review is AFFIRMED.

 

ROBERT SIMPSON, Judge