1

Highlights of Women’s 

Earnings in 2010

U.S. Department of Labor

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

July 2011

Report 1031

Introduction

I

n 2010, women who were full-time wage and salary workers 

had median weekly earnings of $669. Women earned 

81 percent of the median weekly earnings of their male 

counterparts ($824). In 1979, the first year for which comparable 

earnings data are available, women earned 62 percent of what 

men earned. The women's-to-men's earnings ratio has been in the 

80 to 81 percent range since 2004; prior to this time, the ratio had 

been gradually trending upward. (See chart 1 and tables 1 and 12.) 

This report presents earnings data from the Current Population 

Survey (CPS), a national monthly survey of approximately 60,000 

households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics. Information on earnings is collected 

from one-fourth of the CPS sample each month. Readers should 

note that the comparisons of earnings in this report are on a broad 

level and do not control for many factors that can be significant 

in explaining earnings differences. For a detailed description of 

the source of the data and an explanation of the concepts and 

definitions used, see the accompanying technical note. 

Highlights

Full-time workers

• Median weekly earnings were highest for women age 35 

to 64, with little difference between the earnings of 35- to 

44-year-olds ($731), 45- to 54-year-olds ($730), and 55- 

to 64-year-olds ($736). Among men, those age 45 to 64 

had the highest earnings, with 45- to 54-year-olds ($954) 

making nearly the same as 55- to 64-year-olds ($979). 

Young women and men age 16 to 24 had the lowest earnings 

($422 and $443, respectively). (See table 1.) 

• In the four age groupings of those 35 years and older, 

women had earnings that ranged from 75 to 80 percent of 

those of their male counterparts. Among younger workers, 

the earnings differences between women and men were not 

as great. Women earned 91 percent of what men earned 

among workers 25 to 34 years old and 95 percent as much 

as men among 16- to 24-year-olds. (See table 1.) 

• Between 1979 and 2010, the earnings gap between women 

and men narrowed for most age groups. The women’s-tomen’s earnings ratio among 25- to 34-year-olds, for example, 

rose from 68 percent in 1979 to 91 percent in 2010, and the 

ratio for 45- to 54-year-olds increased from 57 percent to 77 

percent. The long-term trends for teenagers and for workers 

age 65 and older fluctuated from 1979 to 2010 but have 

essentially remained flat. In 2010, the women’s-to-men’s 

earnings ratio for teenagers was 95 percent and for women 

and men age 65 and older it was 76 percent. (See table 12.) 

• Asian women and men earned more than their White, 

Black, and Hispanic counterparts in 2010. Among women, 

Whites earned 88 percent as much as Asians, while Blacks 

and Hispanics earned 77 percent and 66 percent as much, 

respectively. In comparison, White men earned 91 percent 

as much as Asian men; Black men earned 68 percent as 

much; and Hispanic men, 60 percent. (See chart 2 and 

tables 1 and 14.)

• Earnings differences between women and men were 

widest for Whites and for Asians. White women earned 81 

percent as much as their male counterparts in 2010, while 

Asian women earned 83 percent as much as their male 

counterparts. By comparison, Hispanic women had earnings 

that were 91 percent of those of their male counterparts, 

while Black women earned 94 percent as much as Black 

men. (See tables 1 and 14.)

• Across the major race and Hispanic ethnicity categories, 

women’s inflation-adjusted earnings grew significantly from 

1979 to 2010. Growth in real earnings for White women 

outpaced that of their Black and Hispanic counterparts. 

Between 1979 and 2010, inflation-adjusted earnings for 

White women rose by 33 percent, while earnings grew by 

25 percent for Black women and by 15 percent for Hispanic 

women. In contrast, real earnings for White men edged up 

by just 2 percent over this period, while earnings for Black 

men showed no growth, and Hispanic men’s earnings fell 

by 9 percent. (See table 15.) (Asians were not included 
2

in this analysis because comparable data are available only 

back to 2003. See note in table 15.) 

• Median weekly earnings vary significantly by educational 

level. Among both women and men age 25 and older, the 

weekly earnings of those without a high school diploma 

($388 for women and $486 for men) were slightly under 40 

percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher ($986 

for women and $1,330 for men) in 2010. Women and men 

with a high school diploma who had not attended college 

earned a little more than half of what women and men with a 

bachelor’s degree or higher did and those with some college 

or an associate’s degree earned just under 65 percent. (See 

tables 1 and 6.)

• At each level of education, women have fared better than 

men with respect to earnings growth. Although both women 

and men without a high school diploma have experienced 

declines in inflation-adjusted earnings since 1979, the 

drop for women was significantly less than that for men: a 

9-percent drop for women as opposed to a 31-percent drop 

for men. On an inflation-adjusted basis, earnings for women 

with a college degree have increased by 33 percent since 

1979, while those of male college graduates have risen by 

20 percent. (Data pertain to workers age 25 and older.) (See 

chart 3 and table 17.)

• Women working full time in management, business, and 

financial operations jobs had median weekly earnings of 

$971 in 2010, more than women earned in any other major 

occupational category. Within management, business, and 

finance occupations, women who were chief executives and 

computer and information systems managers had the highest 

median weekly earnings ($1,598 and $1,415, respectively). 

The next highest paying job group was professional and 

related occupations, in which women earned $900 per 

week. Within professional and related occupations, women 

working as physicians or pharmacists had the highest 

earnings ($1,618 and $1,605, respectively). (See table 2.)

• The occupational distributions of female and male fulltime workers differ significantly. Compared with men, 

relatively few women work in construction, production, 

or transportation occupations, and women are far more 

concentrated in administrative support jobs. (See chart 4 

and table 2.)

• Women are more likely than men to work in professional and 

related occupations, but they are not as well represented in 

the higher paying job groups within this broad category. In 

2010, only 8 percent of female professionals were employed 

in the relatively high-paying computer and engineering 

fields, compared with 43 percent of male professionals. 

Professional women were more likely to work in education 

and health care occupations, in which the pay is generally 

lower than for computer and engineering jobs. Sixty-nine 

percent of female professionals worked in the education 

and health care fields in 2010, compared with 31 percent of 

male professionals. (See table 2.)

• The ratio of female-to-male earnings varied by state of 

residence in 2010. The differences in the earnings ratios 

among the states reflect, in part, variation in the occupations 

and industries found in each state and in the age composition 

of each state’s labor force. The sampling error for the state 

estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national 

estimates; thus, comparisons of state estimates should be 

made with caution. (See table 3.) 

• Median weekly earnings for married women and men were 

higher than the earnings of those with other marital statuses 

(never married, divorced, separated, and widowed). As a 

group, married workers tend to be older than workers with 

other marital statuses and so are more likely to be in their 

prime earning years. Workers with other marital statuses 

were more likely to be under age 25, the age group with the 

lowest median earnings. (See table 8.)

• Among full-time workers (that is, those working 35 hours 

or more per week in their sole or principal job), men were 

more likely than women to have a longer workweek. In 

2010, 25 percent of men in full-time jobs worked 41 or more 

hours per week, while 14 percent of females in full-time 

jobs worked the same number of hours. Women were more 

likely than men to work 35 to 39 hours per week: 13 percent 

as opposed to 5 percent. A large majority of both male and 

female full-time workers had a 40-hour workweek; among 

these workers, women earned 87 percent as much as men 

earned. (See table 5.)

Part-time workers

• Women are more likely than men to work part time—that 

is, fewer than 35 hours per week in the sole or principal 

job. Women who worked part time made up 26 percent of 

all female wage and salary workers in 2010. In contrast, 13 

percent of men in wage and salary jobs worked part time. 

(See table 5.) 

• Median weekly earnings of female part-time workers were 

$232 in 2010, slightly higher than the $223 median for their 

male counterparts. As compared with women, male parttimers were more concentrated in the youngest age groups, 

which typically have low earnings. Forty-two percent of 

male part-time workers were 16 to 24 years old, compared 

with 28 percent of female part-time workers. (See table 4.) 

Workers paid by the hour

• Sixty-two percent of women and 56 percent of men 

employed in wage and salary jobs were paid by the hour 

in 2010. Women who were paid hourly rates had median 
3

hourly earnings of $11.83, 86 percent of the median for men 

paid by the hour ($13.76). (See tables 9, 10, and 18–21.)

• Among workers who were paid hourly rates in 2010, 7 percent of women and 5 percent of men had hourly earnings 

at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage of $7.25. 

(See tables 11 and 22.) 

• Among both women and men, hourly paid workers age 16 

to 19 were the most likely to have earnings at or below the 

minimum wage. In 2010, 25 percent of teenage workers 

paid hourly rates earned the prevailing federal minimum 

wage or less, compared with just 4 percent of hourly paid 

workers age 25 and older. Among 20- to 24-year-olds, 11 

percent had earnings at or below the minimum wage. (See 

table 11.)
4

Charts and Statistical Tables

 Page

Charts

1. Women’s earnings as a percent of men’s, full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2010 annual averages.................................. 6

2. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 

2010 annual averages.. ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6

3. Percent change of constant-dollar median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment and sex, 1979–2010....................... 7

4. Distribution of full-time wage and salary employment, by sex and major occupation group, 

 2010 annual averages....................................................................................................................................................................... 7

Statistical Tables

 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics,

 2010 annual averages........................................................................................................................................................................ 8

 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,

 2010 annual averages........................................................................................................................................................................ 10

 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by state and sex, 2010 annual averages.............................. 36

 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics,

 2010 annual averages ....................................................................................................................................................................... 38

 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours usually worked and sex, 

 2010 annual averages ....................................................................................................................................................................... 40

 6. Quartiles and selected deciles of usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by

 selected characteristics, 2010 annual averages . ............................................................................................................................... 42

 7. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected characteristics,

 2010 annual averages ....................................................................................................................................................................... 43

 8. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by sex, marital status, and presence and

 age of own children under 18 years old, 2010 annual averages ....................................................................................................... 45

 9. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected characteristics,

 2010 annual averages ....................................................................................................................................................................... 46

10. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and selected characteristics,

 2010 annual averages ...................................................................................................................................................................... 48

11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage,

 by selected characteristics, 2010 annual averages . ......................................................................................................................... 50

12. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex and age,

 1979–2010 annual averages ............................................................................................................................................................ 52

13. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2010) dollars, by sex and

 age, 1979–2010 annual averages .................................................................................................................................................... 56
5

Statistical Tables, continued

 Page

14. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex, race, and

 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2010 annual averages .............................................................................................................. 59

15. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2010) dollars, by sex, race, 

 and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2010 annual averages ....................................................................................................... 63

16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, in current dollars, by

 sex and educational attainment, 1979–2010 annual averages ......................................................................................................... 66

17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, in constant (2010)

 dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2010 annual averages ........................................................................................ 70

18. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex and age,

 1979–2010 annual averages ............................................................................................................................................................. 73

19. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2010) dollars, by sex and

 age, 1979–2010 annual averages ..................................................................................................................................................... 77

20. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex, race, and

 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2010 annual averages .............................................................................................................. 80

21. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2010) dollars by sex,

 race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2010 annual averages ............................................................................................... 84

22. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage,

 by sex, 1979–2010 annual averages ................................................................................................................................................. 87

Technical Note.......................................................................................................................... ....................... 90
6

Chart 1. Women’s earnings as a percent of men’s, full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2010 annual averages

Chart 2. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2010 annual averages

NOTE: Data relate to median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers. 

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. 

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Percent

1979

85

55

65

70

75

80

90

50

60

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Percent

2010

85

55

65

70

75

80

90

50

60

Women Men

Earnings

(dollars)

Earnings

(dollars)

800

0

200

400

600

1,000

1,200

Total Hispanic or Latino 

ethnicity

Black or AfricanAmerican

White Asian

800

0

200

400

600

1,000

1,200

$669

$824

$684

$850

$592 $633

$773

$936

$508

$560

Women Men
7

Percent 

of total

Management, 

business, and 

financial operations

0

10

20

30

40

Percent 

of total

0

10

20

30

40

Production, 

transportation, 

and material 

moving

Natural resources, 

construction, and 

maintenance

Office and 

administrative 

support

Professional Service Sales and related

and related

Occupation

16.0

19.0

5.8

17.2

0.9

6.9

22.8

9.1 9.2

13.2

16.0

19.0

29.3

15.5

Chart 3. Percent change of constant-dollar median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment and sex, 1979–2010

Chart 4. Distribution of full-time wage and salary employment, by sex and major occupation group, 2010 annual averages

NOTE: Data relate to earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older. 

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Percent change

–40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 40

Less than a high school diploma

High school graduate, no college

Some college or associate’s degree

Bachelor’s degree and higher

–31.2

 –8.9

–17.7

–8.4

4.8

8.0

 19.9

33.4

Men

Women

Women Men
Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected 

characteristics, 2010 annual averages 

AGE

Total, 16 years and older................................ 99,531 $747 $2 44,472 $669 $3

16 to 24 years....................................................... 8,552 432 4 3,782 422 4

16 to 19 years.................................................... 1,037 347 5 406 336 8

20 to 24 years.................................................... 7,514 454 4 3,376 439 5

25 years and older................................................. 90,979 782 2 40,691 704 3

25 to 34 years.................................................... 24,101 682 4 10,462 648 4

35 to 44 years.................................................... 23,822 824 5 10,265 731 5

45 to 54 years.................................................... 25,206 844 5 11,631 730 5

55 to 64 years.................................................... 15,141 860 6 7,140 736 6

65 years and older............................................. 2,710 684 14 1,193 601 10

RACE AND HISPANIC OR

LATINO ETHNICITY

White..................................................................... 80,656 765 2 34,971 684 3

Black or African American..................................... 11,658 611 3 6,283 592 5

Asian..................................................................... 4,946 855 12 2,193 773 15

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................... 14,837 535 5 5,598 508 4

MARITAL STATUS

Never married....................................................... 26,072 600 2 11,548 591 3

Married, spouse present........................................ 57,006 841 3 23,385 727 3

Other marital status............................................... 16,453 701 4 9,539 653 5

Both sexes Women

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Characteristic Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median

Divorced............................................................. 10,911 738 5 6,366 686 6

Separated.......................................................... 3,919 604 7 1,951 564 11

Widowed............................................................ 1,622 686 13 1,221 652 12

UNION AFFILIATION1

Members of unions ............................................. 13,125 917 5 5,627 856 7

Represented by unions ........................................ 14,498 911 4 6,297 847 7

Not represented by a union................................... 85,033 717 2 38,176 639 3

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Total, 25 years and older....................................... 90,979 782 2 40,691 704 3

Less than a high school diploma........................ 7,153 444 4 2,321 388 4

High school, no college ................................... 25,200 626 3 10,449 543 4

Some college or associate's degree................... 24,896 734 3 12,018 638 4

Bachelor's degree and higher .......................... 33,731 1,144 3 15,903 986 5

See footnotes at end of table.

3

2

8
Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by

selected characteristics, 2010 annual averages—Continued 

Men

AGE

Total, 16 years and older................................ 55,059 $824 $3 81.2

16 to 24 years....................................................... 4,770 443 6 95.3

16 to 19 years.................................................... 632 355 7 94.6

20 to 24 years.................................................... 4,139 468 6 93.8

25 years and older................................................. 50,289 874 3 80.5

25 to 34 years.................................................... 13,639 714 5 90.8

35 to 44 years.................................................... 13,558 915 6 79.9

45 to 54 years.................................................... 13,575 954 6 76.5

55 to 64 years.................................................... 8,001 979 8 75.2

65 years and older............................................. 1,516 794 22 75.7

RACE AND HISPANIC OR

LATINO ETHNICITY

White..................................................................... 45,685 850 4 80.5

Black or African American..................................... 5,376 633 7 93.5

Asian..................................................................... 2,753 936 17 82.6

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................... 9,239 560 6 90.7

MARITAL STATUS

Never married....................................................... 14,525 608 3 97.2

Married, spouse present........................................ 33,621 939 4 77.4

Other marital status............................................... 6,914 774 8 84.4

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Women's

earnings 

as

percent

of men's 

Characteristic Standard

error 

of

median 

Divorced............................................................. 4,545 818 9 83.9

Separated.......................................................... 1,968 646 13 87.3

Widowed............................................................ 401 819 41 79.6

UNION AFFILIATION1 

Members of unions ............................................. 7,498 967 7 88.5

Represented by unions ........................................ 8,202 964 7 87.9

Not represented by a union................................... 46,857 789 4 81.0

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Total, 25 years and older....................................... 50,289 874 3 80.5

Less than a high school diploma........................ 4,832 486 4 79.8

High school, no college ................................... 14,751 710 4 76.5

Some college or associate's degree................... 12,878 845 5 75.5

Bachelor's degree and higher .......................... 17,828 1,330 10 74.1

3

2

1 Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of

factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of male

and female employees by occupation, industry, firm size, and geographic region.

2 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.

3 Data refer to workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an

employee association contract, as well as to members of a labor union or an employee association

similar to a union.

NOTE: Estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not

sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as

Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

9
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 

2010 annual averages 

Total, 16 years and older.......................................... 99,531 $747 $2 44,472 $669 $3

Management, professional, and related occupations...... 39,145 1,063 5 20,136 923 4

Management, business, and financial 

 operations occupations.......................................... 15,648 1,155 5 7,096 971 8

Management occupations.................................... 10,743 1,230 11 4,368 1,018 12

Chief executives............................................. 1,034 1,949 58 265 1,598 100

General and operations managers..................... 884 1,237 23 258 972 49

Legislators...................................................... 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Advertising and promotions managers.................. 71 1,021 116 47 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Marketing and sales managers........................... 854 1,335 40 368 1,010 34

Public relations managers................................. 76 1,163 39 43 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Administrative services managers........................ 96 1,241 81 29 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Computer and information systems managers...... 505 1,600 76 152 1,415 125

Financial managers.......................................... 1,046 1,227 34 552 1,022 26

Human resources managers.............................. 245 1,308 70 174 1,170 60

Industrial production managers........................... 241 1,301 100 40 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Purchasing managers....................................... 195 1,272 72 85 1,050 59

Transportation, storage, and 

 distribution managers.................................... 248 919 31 40 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers......... 96 789 48 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Construction managers.................................... 477 1,170 21 29 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Education administrators.................................. 724 1,202 49 446 1,137 20

Engineering managers....................................... 106 1,885 32 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Food service managers.................................... 598 709 28 290 626 30

Both sexes Women

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Standard

error 

of

median 

Food service managers.................................... 598 709 28 290 626 30

Funeral directors.............................................. 27 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Gaming managers............................................ 19 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Lodging managers.......................................... 101 790 62 47 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Medical and health services managers.................. 494 1,251 38 356 1,163 40

Natural sciences managers.............................. 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Postmasters and mail superintendents.................. 27 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 19 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Property, real estate, and

 community association managers..................... 336 869 51 180 726 30

Social and community service managers............... 289 968 37 202 915 41

Managers, all other.......................................... 1,922 1,242 22 703 1,045 26

Business and financial operations occupations......... 4,905 1,036 12 2,728 914 11

Agents and business managers of

 artists, performers, and athletes........................ 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products...... 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Wholesale and retail buyers,

 except farm products....................................... 130 798 55 63 756 25

Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and 

 farm products................................................ 210 990 29 110 907 31

Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners,

 and investigators.......................................... 253 904 35 144 810 41

Compliance officers, except agriculture, 

 construction, health and safety, and 

 transportation................................................ 183 1,162 47 84 1,013 128

Cost estimators................................................ 102 1,064 54 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Human resources, training, and labor relations 

 specialists................................................... 743 941 19 531 874 27

Logisticians................................................... 57 907 41 26 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Management analysts....................................... 398 1,335 39 186 1,164 27

Meeting and convention planners........................ 49 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 39 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Other business operations specialists.................. 210 973 43 125 846 48

 See footnotes at end of table.

10
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed

occupation and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Total, 16 years and older.................................................. 55,059 $824 $3 81.2

Management, professional, and related occupations...... 19,009 1,256 7 73.5

Management, business, and financial 

 operations occupations.......................................... 8,552 1,363 11 71.2

Management occupations.................................... 6,376 1,414 14 72.0

Chief executives............................................. 769 2,217 148 72.1

General and operations managers..................... 626 1,354 39 71.8

Legislators...................................................... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Advertising and promotions managers.................. 24 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Marketing and sales managers........................... 485 1,534 23 65.8

Public relations managers................................. 33 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Administrative services managers........................ 68 1,350 154 ( 2 )

Computer and information systems managers...... 353 1,729 43 81.8

Financial managers.......................................... 494 1,546 28 66.1

Human resources managers.............................. 71 1,458 92 80.2

Industrial production managers........................... 201 1,331 35 ( 2 )

Purchasing managers....................................... 110 1,394 39 75.3

Transportation, storage, and 

 distribution managers.................................... 208 920 36 ( 2 )

Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers......... 88 780 52 ( 2 )

Construction managers.................................... 448 1,189 50 ( 2 )

Education administrators.................................. 278 1,396 76 81.4

Engineering managers....................................... 98 1,888 33 ( 2 )

Food service managers.................................... 308 796 38 78.6

Women's

earnings 

as

percent

of men's 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Occupation

Food service managers.................................... 308 796 38 78.6

Funeral directors.............................................. 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Gaming managers............................................ 13 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Lodging managers.......................................... 54 952 142 ( 2 )

Medical and health services managers.................. 138 1,510 140 77.0

Natural sciences managers.............................. 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Postmasters and mail superintendents.................. 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Property, real estate, and

 community association managers........... ......... 156 1,111 83 65.3

Social and community service managers............... 87 1,163 220 78.7

Managers, all other.......................................... 1,219 1,395 32 74.9

Business and financial operations occupations......... 2,177 1,227 25 74.5

Agents and business managers of

 artists, performers, and athletes........................ 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products...... 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Wholesale and retail buyers,

 except farm products....................................... 67 895 85 84.5

Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and 

 farm products................................................ 101 1,127 66 80.5

Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners,

 and investigators.......................................... 108 1,055 28 76.8

Compliance officers, except agriculture, 

 construction, health and safety, and 

 transportation................................................ 99 1,295 184 78.2

Cost estimators................................................ 93 1,083 41 ( 2 )

Human resources, training, and labor relations 

 specialists................................................... 212 1,101 100 79.4

Logisticians................................................... 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Management analysts....................................... 212 1,554 45 74.9

Meeting and convention planners........................ 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Other business operations specialists.................. 85 1,126 173 75.1

 See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 

2010 annual averages—Continued

Accountants and auditors................................. 1,372 $1,065 $23 811 $953 $23

Appraisers and assessors of real estate............... 53 870 62 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Budget analysts............................................. 47 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 29 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Credit analysts................................................ 24 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Financial analysts............................................. 88 1,421 109 39 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Personal financial advisors................................. 293 1,381 55 96 962 79

Insurance underwriters.................................... 120 1,102 118 72 970 81

Financial examiners.......................................... 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Loan counselors and officers.............................. 334 948 32 176 823 60

Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents...... 72 829 59 48 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Tax preparers................................................ 54 1,061 284 37 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Financial specialists, all other.............................. 71 830 88 47 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Professional and related occupations........................ 23,497 1,008 5 13,040 900 5

Computer and mathematical occupations............... 3,202 1,289 22 807 1,135 20

Computer scientists and systems analysts............ 681 1,220 61 207 1,013 39

Computer programmers.................................... 429 1,218 57 96 1,177 55

Computer software engineers.............................. 973 1,549 21 200 1,445 45

Computer support specialists.............................. 350 949 32 95 835 67

Database administrators.................................... 90 1,249 286 29 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Network and computer systems administrators...... 215 1,207 39 37 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Network systems and data communications

 analysts...................................................... 298 1,171 46 69 1,010 114

Actuaries...................................................... 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Mathematicians................................................ 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

1 1

Both sexes Women

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Standard

error 

of

median 

Operations research analysts.............................. 105 1,339 109 47 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Statisticians................................................... 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Miscellaneous mathematical 

 science occupations....................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Architecture and engineering occupations............... 2,366 1,255 17 293 1,040 51

Architects, except naval.................................... 122 1,209 113 36 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Surveyors, cartographers, and

 photogrammetrists....................................... 29 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Aerospace engineers....................................... 121 1,593 60 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Agricultural engineers....................................... 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Biomedical engineers....................................... 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Chemical engineers.......................................... 68 1,505 43 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Civil engineers................................................ 276 1,332 38 26 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Computer hardware engineers........................... 63 1,519 74 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Electrical and electronics engineers..................... 298 1,459 33 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Environmental engineers.................................... 32 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Industrial engineers, including health and safety...... 157 1,239 62 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Marine engineers and naval architects.................. 13 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Materials engineers.......................................... 38 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Mechanical engineers....................................... 282 1,337 34 17 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Mining and geological engineers, including

 mining safety engineers................................. 13 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Nuclear engineers.......................................... 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Petroleum engineers....................................... 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Engineers, all other.......................................... 294 1,318 48 41 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Drafters......................................................... 118 860 28 25 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Engineering technicians, except drafters............... 348 918 27 43 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Surveying and mapping technicians..................... 53 821 104 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Life, physical, and social science occupations......... 1,127 1,062 29 506 977 20

Agricultural and food scientists........................... 22 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

 See footnotes at end of table.

12
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed

occupation and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Accountants and auditors................................. 561 $1,273 $54 74.9

Appraisers and assessors of real estate............... 33 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Budget analysts............................................. 18 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Credit analysts................................................ 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Financial analysts............................................. 49 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Personal financial advisors................................. 197 1,647 137 58.4

Insurance underwriters.................................... 48 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Financial examiners.......................................... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Loan counselors and officers.............................. 158 1,154 31 71.3

Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents...... 24 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Tax preparers................................................ 17 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Financial specialists, all other.............................. 24 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Professional and related occupations........................ 10,457 1,179 10 76.3

Computer and mathematical occupations............... 2,395 1,349 14 84.1

Computer scientists and systems analysts............ 474 1,295 53 78.2

Computer programmers.................................... 333 1,243 72 94.7

Computer software engineers.............................. 773 1,590 54 90.9

Computer support specialists.............................. 256 979 39 85.3

Database administrators.................................... 61 1,411 147 ( 2 )

Network and computer systems administrators...... 178 1,224 65 ( 2 )

Network systems and data communications

 analysts...................................................... 229 1,242 51 81.3

Actuaries...................................................... 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Mathematicians................................................ 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

2

Occupation

Women's

earnings 

as

percent

of men's 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Operations research analysts.............................. 58 1,444 65 ( 2 )

Statisticians................................................... 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Miscellaneous mathematical 

 science occupations....................................... 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Architecture and engineering occupations............... 2,073 1,293 21 80.4

Architects, except naval.................................... 85 1,329 79 ( 2 )

Surveyors, cartographers, and

 photogrammetrists....................................... 25 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Aerospace engineers....................................... 111 1,662 227 ( 2 )

Agricultural engineers....................................... 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Biomedical engineers....................................... 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Chemical engineers.......................................... 57 1,516 49 ( 2 )

Civil engineers................................................ 250 1,363 41 ( 2 )

Computer hardware engineers........................... 57 1,525 60 ( 2 )

Electrical and electronics engineers..................... 277 1,500 95 ( 2 )

Environmental engineers.................................... 25 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Industrial engineers, including health and safety...... 127 1,300 142 ( 2 )

Marine engineers and naval architects.................. 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Materials engineers.......................................... 34 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Mechanical engineers....................................... 265 1,337 33 ( 2 )

Mining and geological engineers, including

 mining safety engineers................................. 13 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Nuclear engineers.......................................... 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Petroleum engineers....................................... 19 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Engineers, all other.......................................... 254 1,335 66 ( 2 )

Drafters......................................................... 93 876 33 ( 2 )

Engineering technicians, except drafters............... 305 941 27 ( 2 )

Surveying and mapping technicians..................... 47 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Life, physical, and social science occupations......... 622 1,158 26 84.4

Agricultural and food scientists........................... 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

 See footnotes at end of table.

13
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 

2010 annual averages—Continued

Biological scientists.......................................... 96 $928 $44 46 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Conservation scientists and foresters.................. 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Medical scientists............................................. 125 999 60 67 $952 $21

Astronomers and physicists.............................. 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Atmospheric and space scientists........................ 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Chemists and materials scientists........................ 99 1,423 118 33 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Environmental scientists and geoscientists............ 94 1,209 112 25 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Physical scientists, all other.............................. 122 1,077 73 46 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Economists................................................... 27 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Market and survey researchers........................... 118 1,162 55 68 1,009 64

Psychologists................................................ 92 1,122 128 59 1,041 60

Sociologists................................................... 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Urban and regional planners.............................. 18 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Miscellaneous social scientists and related

 workers......................................................... 37 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 19 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Agricultural and food science technicians............ 22 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Biological technicians....................................... 18 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Chemical technicians....................................... 57 890 58 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Geological and petroleum technicians.................. 23 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Nuclear technicians.......................................... 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Other life, physical, and social science

 technicians................................................... 119 786 64 67 721 42

Community and social services occupations............ 1,909 802 16 1,208 774 12

Counselors...................................................... 517 808 35 363 818 33

Both sexes Women

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Standard

error 

of

median 

Social workers................................................ 701 799 20 557 788 19

Miscellaneous community and social service 

 specialists................................................... 249 740 21 174 727 27

Clergy............................................................ 356 905 30 52 757 35

Directors, religious activities and education............ 37 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 32 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Religious workers, all other................................. 50 688 94 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Legal occupations............................................. 1,248 1,213 31 667 974 22

Lawyers......................................................... 668 1,757 44 234 1,461 152

Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers...... 66 1,444 78 22 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Paralegals and legal assistants........................... 307 836 43 261 815 27

Miscellaneous legal support workers.................. 207 762 30 151 715 38

Education, training, and library occupations............ 6,535 913 7 4,708 862 7

Postsecondary teachers.................................... 901 1,166 16 383 1,011 31

Preschool and kindergarten teachers.................. 540 621 17 524 621 17

Elementary and middle school teachers............... 2,408 946 8 1,947 931 9

Secondary school teachers................................. 1,116 987 15 612 962 16

Special education teachers................................. 327 965 33 274 960 34

Other teachers and instructors........................... 350 789 38 196 714 62

Archivists, curators, and museum technicians......... 42 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 23 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Librarians...................................................... 157 863 33 125 841 43

Library technicians.......................................... 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Teacher assistants.......................................... 597 489 11 550 485 12

Other education, training, and library workers......... 81 956 38 64 943 46

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media 

 occupations...................................................... 1,431 920 16 610 834 25

Artists and related workers................................. 66 1,064 88 19 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Designers...................................................... 462 890 28 222 757 35

Actors............................................................ 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Producers and directors.................................... 89 1,120 93 37 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers... 109 812 89 26 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

 See footnotes at end of table.

14
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed

occupation and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Biological scientists.......................................... 50 $898 $36 ( 2 )

Conservation scientists and foresters.................. 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Medical scientists............................................. 58 1,227 181 77.6

Astronomers and physicists.............................. 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Atmospheric and space scientists........................ 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Chemists and materials scientists........................ 66 1,424 363 ( 2 )

Environmental scientists and geoscientists............ 69 1,269 86 ( 2 )

Physical scientists, all other.............................. 76 1,238 254 ( 2 )

Economists................................................... 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Market and survey researchers........................... 50 1,414 143 71.4

Psychologists................................................ 33 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Sociologists................................................... - - -( 2 )

Urban and regional planners.............................. 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Miscellaneous social scientists and related

 workers......................................................... 18 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Agricultural and food science technicians............ 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Biological technicians....................................... 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Chemical technicians....................................... 37 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Geological and petroleum technicians.................. 17 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Nuclear technicians.......................................... 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Other life, physical, and social science

 technicians................................................... 53 857 48 84.1

Community and social services occupations............ 702 864 27 89.6

Counselors...................................................... 154 780 60 104.9

Occupation

Women's

earnings 

as

percent

of men's 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Social workers................................................ 144 865 55 91.1

Miscellaneous community and social service 

 specialists................................................... 75 826 99 88.0

Clergy............................................................ 304 920 30 82.3

Directors, religious activities and education............ 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Religious workers, all other................................. 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Legal occupations............................................. 581 1,674 120 58.2

Lawyers......................................................... 435 1,895 23 77.1

Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers...... 45 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Paralegals and legal assistants........................... 46 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Miscellaneous legal support workers.................. 55 935 279 76.5

Education, training, and library occupations............ 1,826 1,065 16 80.9

Postsecondary teachers.................................... 518 1,308 80 77.3

Preschool and kindergarten teachers.................. 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Elementary and middle school teachers............... 461 1,024 27 90.9

Secondary school teachers................................. 504 1,035 33 92.9

Special education teachers................................. 54 993 78 96.7

Other teachers and instructors........................... 154 927 44 77.0

Archivists, curators, and museum technicians......... 19 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Librarians...................................................... 32 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Library technicians.......................................... 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Teacher assistants.......................................... 47 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Other education, training, and library workers......... 17 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media 

 occupations...................................................... 822 977 23 85.4

Artists and related workers................................. 47 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Designers...................................................... 240 1,001 34 75.6

Actors............................................................ 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Producers and directors.................................... 52 1,121 162 ( 2 )

Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers... 83 929 142 ( 2 )

 See footnotes at end of table.

15
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 

2010 annual averages—Continued

Dancers and choreographers.............................. 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Musicians, singers, and related workers............... 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Entertainers and performers, sports and related

 workers, all other.......................................... 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Announcers................................................... 32 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

News analysts, reporters and correspondents...... 67 $840 $75 26 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Public relations specialists................................. 125 1,126 61 73 $1,034 $55

Editors......................................................... 115 945 37 57 855 32

Technical writers............................................. 45 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 22 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Writers and authors.......................................... 77 987 56 43 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Miscellaneous media and communication workers... 51 679 176 35 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Broadcast and sound engineering technicians 

 and radio operators........................................ 64 848 56 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Photographers................................................ 45 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Television, video, and motion picture camera

 operators and editors....................................... 28 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Media and communication equipment workers, 

 all other...................................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations...... 5,678 986 8 4,241 933 9

Chiropractors................................................... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Dentists......................................................... 41 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Dietitians and nutritionists................................. 81 885 32 75 876 49

Optometrists................................................... 17 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Pharmacists................................................... 185 1,880 39 88 1,605 136

Both sexes Women

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Standard

error 

of

median 

Physicians and surgeons................................. 605 1,975 134 189 1,618 146

Physician assistants.......................................... 88 1,312 219 59 1,129 107

Podiatrists...................................................... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Registered nurses.......................................... 2,177 1,055 16 1,970 1,039 16

Audiologists................................................... 17 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 13 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Occupational therapists.................................... 65 1,059 86 57 1,094 133

Physical therapists.......................................... 113 1,304 83 70 1,208 81

Radiation therapists.......................................... 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Recreational therapists.................................... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Respiratory therapists....................................... 111 1,000 26 70 996 25

Speech-language pathologists........................... 91 1,207 150 88 1,184 129

Therapists, all other.......................................... 96 878 39 72 846 59

Veterinarians................................................... 46 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 23 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Health diagnosing and treating practitioners,

 all other...................................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians... 280 880 24 211 836 34

Dental hygienists............................................. 53 897 31 50 898 29

Diagnostic related technologists and technicians... 278 980 28 192 956 34

Emergency medical technicians and paramedics... 159 732 68 53 597 20

Health diagnosing and treating practitioner 

 support technicians.......................................... 360 613 11 271 606 13

Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses... 453 718 14 413 716 15

Medical records and health information

 technicians................................................... 97 590 39 85 572 28

Opticians, dispensing....................................... 48 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 25 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Miscellaneous health technologists and

 technicians................................................... 128 645 38 92 627 30

Other healthcare practitioners and technical

 occupations................................................... 57 1,078 123 26 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

 See footnotes at end of table.

16
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed

occupation and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Dancers and choreographers.............................. 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Musicians, singers, and related workers............... 23 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Entertainers and performers, sports and related

 workers, all other.......................................... 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Announcers................................................... 27 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

News analysts, reporters and correspondents...... 41 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Public relations specialists................................. 52 $1,253 $86 82.5

Editors......................................................... 58 968 32 88.3

Technical writers............................................. 23 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Writers and authors.......................................... 33 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Miscellaneous media and communication workers... 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Broadcast and sound engineering technicians 

 and radio operators........................................ 58 842 53 ( 2 )

Photographers................................................ 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Television, video, and motion picture camera

 operators and editors....................................... 25 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Media and communication equipment workers, 

 all other...................................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations...... 1,437 1,233 33 75.7

Chiropractors................................................... 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Dentists......................................................... 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Dietitians and nutritionists................................. 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Optometrists................................................... 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Pharmacists................................................... 97 1,930 70 83.2

Occupation

Women's

earnings 

as

percent

of men's 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Physicians and surgeons................................. 416 2,278 109 71.0

Physician assistants.......................................... 29 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Podiatrists...................................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Registered nurses.......................................... 207 1,201 76 86.5

Audiologists................................................... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Occupational therapists.................................... 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Physical therapists.......................................... 43 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Radiation therapists.......................................... 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Recreational therapists.................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Respiratory therapists....................................... 41 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Speech-language pathologists........................... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Therapists, all other.......................................... 24 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Veterinarians................................................... 22 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Health diagnosing and treating practitioners,

 all other...................................................... 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians... 69 997 74 83.9

Dental hygienists............................................. 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Diagnostic related technologists and technicians... 87 1,038 136 92.1

Emergency medical technicians and paramedics... 106 825 38 72.4

Health diagnosing and treating practitioner 

 support technicians........................................ 89 639 34 94.8

Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses... 39 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Medical records and health information

 technicians................................................... 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Opticians, dispensing....................................... 23 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Miscellaneous health technologists and

 technicians................................................... 36 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Other healthcare practitioners and technical

 occupations................................................... 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

 See footnotes at end of table.

17
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 

2010 annual averages—Continued

Service occupations................................................ 14,424 $479 $3 7,129 $423 $3

Healthcare support occupations.............................. 2,219 471 6 1,949 465 6

Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides......... 1,329 434 7 1,156 427 6

Occupational therapist assistants and aides......... 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Physical therapist assistants and aides............... 61 622 52 39 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Massage therapists.......................................... 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 22 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Dental assistants............................................. 181 580 14 178 577 17

Medical assistants and other healthcare support

 occupations................................................... 609 502 9 548 500 9

Protective service occupations................................. 2,872 747 10 568 606 13

First-line supervisors/managers of correctional 

 officers......................................................... 44 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 13 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

First-line supervisors/managers of police and 

 detectives...................................................... 103 1,116 101 17 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting 

 and prevention workers.................................... 43 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Supervisors, protective service workers, all other... 95 782 44 26 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Fire fighters................................................... 280 1,044 44 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Fire inspectors................................................ 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers............... 445 685 20 113 625 22

Detectives and criminal investigators.................. 155 1,161 47 38 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Fish and game wardens.................................... 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Parking enforcement workers.............................. 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Police and sheriff's patrol officers........................ 704 961 34 96 772 44

Both sexes Women

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Standard

error 

of

median 

Transit and railroad police................................. 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Animal control workers.................................... 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Private detectives and investigators..................... 65 791 94 23 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Security guards and gaming surveillance officers... 835 507 8 187 463 35

Crossing guards............................................. 17 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Lifeguards and other protective service workers...... 45 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 26 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Food preparation and serving related occupations......... 3,823 406 3 1,825 387 4

Chefs and head cooks....................................... 275 602 16 38 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

First-line supervisors/managers of food 

 preparation and serving workers........................ 446 473 14 248 436 22

Cooks............................................................ 1,173 393 4 442 381 7

Food preparation workers................................. 296 381 7 143 367 13

Bartenders...................................................... 199 484 18 101 405 20

Combined food preparation and serving workers, 

 including fast food....................................... 141 369 16 85 388 22

Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, 

 and coffee shop............................................. 80 306 10 57 309 12

Waiters and waitresses.................................... 824 401 7 538 381 8

Food servers, nonrestaurant.............................. 85 405 18 48 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Dining room and cafeteria attendants and 

 bartender helpers............................................ 148 362 15 68 343 12

Dishwashers................................................... 106 339 12 22 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and 

 coffee shop................................................... 47 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 35 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Food preparation and serving related workers,

 all other...................................................... 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance 

 occupations......................................................... 3,310 446 6 1,163 391 5

First-line supervisors/managers of 

 housekeeping and janitorial workers.................. 164 621 25 62 478 61

 See footnotes at end of table.

18
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed

occupation and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Service occupations................................................ 7,294 $543 $7 77.9

Healthcare support occupations.............................. 270 515 16 90.3

Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides......... 173 488 23 87.5

Occupational therapist assistants and aides......... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Physical therapist assistants and aides............... 22 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Massage therapists.......................................... 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Dental assistants............................................. 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Medical assistants and other healthcare support

 occupations................................................... 61 518 38 96.5

Protective service occupations................................. 2,304 800 17 75.8

First-line supervisors/managers of correctional 

 officers......................................................... 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

First-line supervisors/managers of police and 

 detectives...................................................... 86 1,137 65 ( 2 )

First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting 

 and prevention workers.................................... 42 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Supervisors, protective service workers, all other... 69 828 63 ( 2 )

Fire fighters................................................... 268 1,055 44 ( 2 )

Fire inspectors................................................ 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers............... 333 724 22 86.3

Detectives and criminal investigators.................. 116 1,261 41 ( 2 )

Fish and game wardens.................................... 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Parking enforcement workers.............................. 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Police and sheriff's patrol officers........................ 608 992 36 77.8

Occupation

Women's

earnings 

as

percent

of men's 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Transit and railroad police................................. 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Animal control workers.................................... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Private detectives and investigators..................... 42 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Security guards and gaming surveillance officers... 648 519 9 89.2

Crossing guards............................................. 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Lifeguards and other protective service workers...... 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Food preparation and serving related occupations......... 1,998 423 5 91.5

Chefs and head cooks....................................... 237 618 17 ( 2 )

First-line supervisors/managers of food 

 preparation and serving workers........................ 198 512 21 85.2

Cooks............................................................ 731 401 6 95.0

Food preparation workers................................. 153 390 9 94.1

Bartenders...................................................... 98 533 39 76.0

Combined food preparation and serving workers, 

 including fast food....................................... 56 346 23 112.1

Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, 

 and coffee shop............................................. 23 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Waiters and waitresses.................................... 287 450 20 84.7

Food servers, nonrestaurant.............................. 36 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Dining room and cafeteria attendants and 

 bartender helpers.......................................... 80 396 20 86.6

Dishwashers................................................... 84 327 13 ( 2 )

Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and 

 coffee shop................................................... 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Food preparation and serving related workers,

 all other...................................................... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance 

 occupations......................................................... 2,146 493 6 79.3

First-line supervisors/managers of 

 housekeeping and janitorial workers.................. 103 700 53 68.3

 See footnotes at end of table.

19
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 

2010 annual averages—Continued

First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, 

 lawn service, and groundskeeping workers......... 104 $732 $25 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Janitors and building cleaners........................... 1,536 463 9 437 $400 $7

Maids and housekeeping cleaners..................... 745 387 6 627 376 7

Pest control workers.......................................... 58 655 62 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Grounds maintenance workers........................... 701 433 13 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Personal care and service occupations..................... 2,199 455 9 1,624 432 9

First-line supervisors/managers of gaming

 workers......................................................... 87 697 28 45 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

First-line supervisors/managers of personal 

 service workers............................................ 58 510 25 37 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Animal trainers................................................ 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Nonfarm animal caretakers................................. 78 455 43 50 458 33

Gaming services workers................................. 86 679 31 37 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Motion picture projectionists.............................. 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers............ 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and

 related workers............................................. 83 369 17 38 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Funeral service workers.................................... 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Barbers......................................................... 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists......... 291 468 19 260 462 20

Miscellaneous personal appearance workers......... 146 430 34 124 420 18

Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges............ 62 538 86 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Tour and travel guides....................................... 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Both sexes Women

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Standard

error 

of

median 

Transportation attendants................................. 71 729 69 50 613 32

Child care workers.......................................... 388 400 9 361 398 9

Personal and home care aides........................... 499 406 6 420 405 6

Recreation and fitness workers........................... 192 492 34 121 470 30

Residential advisors.......................................... 47 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Personal care and service workers, all other......... 32 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Sales and office occupations....................................... 23,060 631 3 14,220 597 2

Sales and related occupations................................. 9,121 666 7 4,063 516 5

First-line supervisors/managers of retail 

 sales workers................................................ 2,142 676 11 975 578 10

First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail 

 sales workers................... ........................... 740 960 18 228 801 45

Cashiers......................................................... 1,298 376 5 928 366 5

Counter and rental clerks................................. 87 524 40 41 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Parts salespersons.......................................... 108 623 59 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Retail salespersons.......................................... 1,745 527 13 734 421 6

Advertising sales agents.................................... 192 861 32 87 838 41

Insurance sales agents.................................... 342 741 19 184 649 20

Securities, commodities, and financial services 

 sales agents................................................ 263 1,185 66 89 892 63

Travel agents................................................... 50 612 28 39 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Sales representatives, services, all other............... 403 899 32 130 748 32

Sales representatives, wholesale and 

 manufacturing................................................ 1,063 958 16 255 842 46

Models, demonstrators, and product promoters...... 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 13 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Real estate brokers and sales agents.................. 361 820 49 187 683 80

Sales engineers............................................. 22 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Telemarketers................................................ 63 481 38 40 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Door-to-door sales workers, news and street 

 vendors, and related workers........................... 32 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

 See footnotes at end of table.

20
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed

occupation and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued 

Men

First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, 

 lawn service, and groundskeeping workers......... 97 $743 $26 ( 2 )

Janitors and building cleaners........................... 1,099 494 8 81.0

Maids and housekeeping cleaners..................... 119 455 43 82.6

Pest control workers.......................................... 57 647 63 ( 2 )

Grounds maintenance workers........................... 671 433 13 ( 2 )

Personal care and service occupations..................... 576 519 17 83.2

First-line supervisors/managers of gaming

 workers......................................................... 43 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

First-line supervisors/managers of personal 

 service workers............................................ 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Animal trainers................................................ 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Nonfarm animal caretakers................................. 28 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Gaming services workers................................. 49 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Motion picture projectionists.............................. 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers............ 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and

 related workers............................................. 45 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Funeral service workers.................................... 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Barbers......................................................... 28 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists......... 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Miscellaneous personal appearance workers......... 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges............ 52 564 111 ( 2 )

Tour and travel guides....................................... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Occupation

Women's

earnings 

as

percent

of men's 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Transportation attendants................................. 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Child care workers.......................................... 27 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Personal and home care aides........................... 79 414 13 97.8

Recreation and fitness workers........................... 71 541 179 86.9

Residential advisors.......................................... 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Personal care and service workers, all other......... 18 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Sales and office occupations....................................... 8,840 736 6 81.1

Sales and related occupations................................. 5,058 805 12 64.1

First-line supervisors/managers of retail 

 sales workers................................................ 1,168 782 18 73.9

First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail 

 sales workers................... ........................... 512 1,035 34 77.4

Cashiers......................................................... 370 400 9 91.5

Counter and rental clerks................................. 47 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Parts salespersons.......................................... 93 676 56 ( 2 )

Retail salespersons.......................................... 1,011 651 19 64.7

Advertising sales agents.................................... 105 897 108 93.4

Insurance sales agents.................................... 158 973 59 66.7

Securities, commodities, and financial services 

 sales agents................................................ 174 1,423 164 62.7

Travel agents................................................... 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Sales representatives, services, all other............... 272 1,009 38 74.1

Sales representatives, wholesale and 

 manufacturing................................................ 808 983 25 85.7

Models, demonstrators, and product promoters...... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Real estate brokers and sales agents.................. 174 978 55 69.8

Sales engineers............................................. 19 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Telemarketers................................................ 23 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Door-to-door sales workers, news and street 

 vendors, and related workers........................... 23 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

 See footnotes at end of table.

21
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 

2010 annual averages—Continued

Sales and related workers, all other..................... 193 $837 $78 107 $808 $66

Office and administrative support occupations............ 13,939 619 2 10,158 612 2

First-line supervisors/managers of office and 

 administrative support workers........................ 1,329 761 9 889 726 11

Switchboard operators, including answering

 service......................................................... 25 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 23 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Telephone operators....................................... 24 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Communications equipment operators, all other...... 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Bill and account collectors................................. 201 612 17 122 634 27

Billing and posting clerks and machine operators... 381 606 10 348 607 10

Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......... 842 630 11 752 628 10

Gaming cage workers....................................... 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Payroll and timekeeping clerks........................... 152 663 24 133 672 23

Procurement clerks.......................................... 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Tellers............................................................ 332 487 8 297 490 8

Brokerage clerks............................................. 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Correspondence clerks.................................... 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Court, municipal, and license clerks..................... 82 674 46 66 661 45

Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks............... 41 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Customer service representatives........................ 1,526 596 7 1,010 586 9

Eligibility interviewers, government programs......... 85 725 38 72 722 38

File clerks...................................................... 240 577 20 194 583 18

Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks..................... 82 437 48 59 415 15

Interviewers, except eligibility and loan.................. 121 590 15 95 587 14

Lib i t t l i l 38 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Both sexes Women

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Standard

error 

of

median 

Library assistants, clerical................................. 38 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Loan interviewers and clerks.............................. 126 674 34 97 650 27

New accounts clerks....................................... 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 26 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Order clerks................................................... 89 612 52 53 613 53

Human resources assistants, except payroll and

 timekeeping................................................... 38 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 34 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Receptionists and information clerks..................... 881 530 8 815 529 8

Reservation and transportation ticket agents and

 travel clerks.................................................. 85 661 48 52 644 45

Information and record clerks, all other.................. 106 601 22 95 596 20

Cargo and freight agents.................................... 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Couriers and messengers................................. 180 715 34 26 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Dispatchers................................................... 257 664 25 159 624 26

Meter readers, utilities....................................... 34 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Postal service clerks....................................... 115 915 33 50 882 49

Postal service mail carriers................................. 283 936 21 94 897 60

Postal service mail sorters, processors, and

 processing machine operators........................... 65 957 22 27 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Production, planning, and expediting clerks............ 249 754 17 136 695 36

Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks.................. 480 542 20 130 518 31

Stock clerks and order fillers.............................. 943 482 8 327 495 11

Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers,

 recordkeeping................................................ 59 607 46 24 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Secretaries and administrative assistants............ 2,399 659 7 2,297 657 7

Computer operators.......................................... 104 751 47 54 654 70

Data entry keyers............................................. 293 591 14 232 585 15

Word processors and typists.............................. 114 634 21 103 627 23

Desktop publishers.......................................... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Insurance claims and policy processing clerks...... 208 629 19 173 626 17

Mail clerks and mail machine operators, 

 except postal service....................................... 72 507 15 36 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

 See footnotes at end of table.

22
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed

occupation and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Sales and related workers, all other..................... 86 $892 $71 90.6

Office and administrative support occupations............ 3,782 656 8 93.3

First-line supervisors/managers of office and 

 administrative support workers........................ 440 890 29 81.6

Switchboard operators, including answering

 service......................................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Telephone operators....................................... 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Communications equipment operators, all other...... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Bill and account collectors................................. 79 579 34 109.5

Billing and posting clerks and machine operators... 34 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......... 89 677 41 92.8

Gaming cage workers....................................... 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Payroll and timekeeping clerks........................... 18 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Procurement clerks.......................................... 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Tellers............................................................ 35 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Brokerage clerks............................................. 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Correspondence clerks.................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Court, municipal, and license clerks..................... 17 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks............... 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Customer service representatives........................ 515 614 11 95.4

Eligibility interviewers, government programs......... 13 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

File clerks...................................................... 46 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks..................... 24 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Interviewers, except eligibility and loan.................. 26 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Lib i t t l i l 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Occupation

Women's

earnings 

as

percent

of men's 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Library assistants, clerical................................. 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Loan interviewers and clerks.............................. 29 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

New accounts clerks....................................... 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Order clerks................................................... 37 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Human resources assistants, except payroll and

 timekeeping................................................... 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Receptionists and information clerks..................... 66 547 27 96.7

Reservation and transportation ticket agents and

 travel clerks............... .................................... 33 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Information and record clerks, all other.................. 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Cargo and freight agents.................................... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Couriers and messengers................................. 153 755 81 ( 2 )

Dispatchers................................................... 99 721 50 86.5

Meter readers, utilities....................................... 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Postal service clerks....................................... 66 933 26 94.5

Postal service mail carriers................................. 189 952 28 94.2

Postal service mail sorters, processors, and

 processing machine operators........................... 37 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Production, planning, and expediting clerks............ 113 855 50 81.3

Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks.................. 350 553 24 93.7

Stock clerks and order fillers.............................. 615 471 17 105.1

Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers,

 recordkeeping................................................ 35 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Secretaries and administrative assistants............ 102 725 39 90.6

Computer operators.......................................... 50 866 40 75.5

Data entry keyers............................................. 60 610 25 95.9

Word processors and typists.............................. 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Desktop publishers.......................................... - - -( 2 )

Insurance claims and policy processing clerks...... 35 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Mail clerks and mail machine operators, 

 except postal service....................................... 36 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

 See footnotes at end of table.

23
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 

2010 annual averages—Continued

Office clerks, general....................................... 705 $600 $9 595 $597 $9

Office machine operators, except computer............ 33 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 19 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Proofreaders and copy markers........................... 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Statistical assistants.......................................... 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Office and administrative support workers, all

 other............................................................ 399 659 24 309 632 28

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 

 occupations......................................................... 9,869 719 5 406 537 20

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................. 729 416 7 151 369 10

First-line supervisors/managers of farming,

 fishing, and forestry workers.............................. 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Agricultural inspectors....................................... 25 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Animal breeders............................................. 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Graders and sorters, agricultural products............ 84 399 14 54 381 20

Miscellaneous agricultural workers..................... 528 400 8 81 349 12

Fishers and related fishing workers..................... 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Hunters and trappers....................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Forest and conservation workers........................ 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Logging workers............................................. 40 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Construction and extraction occupations..................... 5,020 709 6 102 646 37

First-line supervisors/managers of

 construction trades and extraction workers ......... 494 955 26 18 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Boilermakers................................................... 25 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons...... 106 701 32 - - -

C t 669 623 15 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Both sexes Women

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Standard

error 

of

median 

Carpenters...................................................... 669 623 15 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers......... 115 536 29 - - -

Cement masons, concrete finishers, and 

 terrazzo workers............................................. 63 556 30 - - -

Construction laborers....................................... 877 568 16 19 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment

 operators...................................................... 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Pile-driver operators.......................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Operating engineers and other construction 

 equipment operators....................................... 328 859 37 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers... 118 507 16 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Electricians................................................... 560 888 20 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Glaziers......................................................... 35 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Insulation workers............................................. 28 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Painters, construction and maintenance............... 299 521 12 13 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Paperhangers................................................ 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters... 396 796 25 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Plasterers and stucco masons........................... 29 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Reinforcing iron and rebar workers..................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Roofers......................................................... 146 521 17 - - -

Sheet metal workers....................................... 89 751 101 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Structural iron and steel workers........................ 51 767 46 - - -

Helpers, construction trades.............................. 42 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Construction and building inspectors.................. 85 949 71 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Elevator installers and repairers........................... 32 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Fence erectors................................................ 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Hazardous materials removal workers.................. 35 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Highway maintenance workers........................... 102 715 63 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment

 operators...................................................... 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

 See footnotes at end of table.

24
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed

occupation and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Office clerks, general....................................... 110 $632 $67 94.5

Office machine operators, except computer............ 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Proofreaders and copy markers........................... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Statistical assistants.......................................... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Office and administrative support workers, all

 other............................................................ 90 750 96 84.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 

 occupations......................................................... 9,464 726 5 74.0

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................. 577 438 13 84.2

First-line supervisors/managers of farming,

 fishing, and forestry workers.............................. 26 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Agricultural inspectors....................................... 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Animal breeders............................................. 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Graders and sorters, agricultural products............ 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Miscellaneous agricultural workers..................... 447 415 9 84.1

Fishers and related fishing workers..................... 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Hunters and trappers....................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Forest and conservation workers........................ 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Logging workers............................................. 39 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Construction and extraction occupations..................... 4,918 710 6 91.0

First-line supervisors/managers of

 construction trades and extraction workers ......... 477 960 25 ( 2 )

Boilermakers................................................... 23 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons...... 106 701 32 ( 2 )

C t 659 624 18 ( 2 )

Women's

earnings 

as

percent

of men's 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Carpenters...................................................... 659 624 18 ( 2 )

Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers......... 115 536 29 ( 2 )

Cement masons, concrete finishers, and 

 terrazzo workers............................................. 63 556 30 ( 2 )

Construction laborers....................................... 858 569 15 ( 2 )

Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment

 operators...................................................... 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Pile-driver operators.......................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Operating engineers and other construction 

 equipment operators....................................... 325 864 36 ( 2 )

Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers... 117 509 16 ( 2 )

Electricians................................................... 552 890 20 ( 2 )

Glaziers......................................................... 35 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Insulation workers............................................. 28 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Painters, construction and maintenance............... 286 520 11 ( 2 )

Paperhangers................................................ 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters... 389 793 25 ( 2 )

Plasterers and stucco masons........................... 29 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Reinforcing iron and rebar workers..................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Roofers......................................................... 146 521 17 ( 2 )

Sheet metal workers....................................... 85 733 87 ( 2 )

Structural iron and steel workers........................ 51 767 46 ( 2 )

Helpers, construction trades.............................. 41 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Construction and building inspectors.................. 79 949 102 ( 2 )

Elevator installers and repairers........................... 32 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Fence erectors................................................ 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Hazardous materials removal workers.................. 32 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Highway maintenance workers........................... 99 729 45 ( 2 )

Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment

 operators...................................................... 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

 See footnotes at end of table.

25
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 

2010 annual averages—Continued

Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners...... 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Miscellaneous construction and related workers...... 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators,

 oil, gas, and mining....................................... 38 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Earth drillers, except oil and gas........................ 18 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts,

 and blasters................................................... 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Mining machine operators................................. 60 $996 $97 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Roof bolters, mining.......................................... 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Roustabouts, oil and gas.................................... 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Helpers—extraction workers.............................. 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Other extraction workers.................................... 48 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations......... 4,120 794 8 152 $683 $20

First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics,

 installers, and repairers.................................... 365 964 33 26 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Computer, automated teller, and office machine 

 repairers...................................................... 231 804 20 23 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Radio and telecommunications equipment 

 installers and repairers.................................... 155 916 28 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Avionics technicians.......................................... 18 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers...... 25 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Electrical and electronics installers and

 repairers, transportation equipment.................. 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial

d tilit 18 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Both sexes Women

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Standard

error 

of

median 

 and utility...................................................... 18 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Electronic equipment installers and repairers,

 motor vehicles................................................ 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Electronic home entertainment equipment

 installers and repairers.................................... 39 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Security and fire alarm systems installers............ 50 904 34 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Aircraft mechanics and service technicians............ 129 980 41 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Automotive body and related repairers.................. 126 682 17 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Automotive glass installers and repairers............... 17 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Automotive service technicians and mechanics...... 595 675 19 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine 

 specialists................................................... 300 767 16 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service 

 technicians and mechanics.............................. 216 879 23 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Small engine mechanics.................................... 41 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment

 mechanics, installers, and repairers.................. 78 521 21 - - -

Control and valve installers and repairers............ 22 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration 

 mechanics and installers................................. 311 824 29 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Home appliance repairers................................. 33 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics...... 417 858 26 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Maintenance and repair workers, general............ 300 693 22 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Maintenance workers, machinery........................ 28 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Millwrights...................................................... 43 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Electrical power-line installers and repairers......... 118 1,087 42 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Telecommunications line installers and repairers... 150 863 38 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Precision instrument and equipment repairers...... 53 914 40 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Coin, vending, and amusement machine 

 servicers and repairers.................................... 28 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

 See footnotes at end of table.

26
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed

occupation and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners...... 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Miscellaneous construction and related workers...... 29 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators,

 oil, gas, and mining....................................... 37 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Earth drillers, except oil and gas........................ 18 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts,

 and blasters................................................... 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Mining machine operators................................. 58 $995 $96 ( 2 )

Roof bolters, mining.......................................... 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Roustabouts, oil and gas.................................... 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Helpers—extraction workers.............................. 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Other extraction workers.................................... 48 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations......... 3,968 799 8 85.5

First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics,

 installers, and repairers.................................... 339 979 34 ( 2 )

Computer, automated teller, and office machine 

 repairers...................................................... 208 814 20 ( 2 )

Radio and telecommunications equipment 

 installers and repairers.................................... 139 942 54 ( 2 )

Avionics technicians.......................................... 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers...... 24 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Electrical and electronics installers and

 repairers, transportation equipment.................. 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial

d tilit 18 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Women's

earnings 

as

percent

of men's 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

 and utility...................................................... 18 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Electronic equipment installers and repairers,

 motor vehicles................................................ 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Electronic home entertainment equipment

 installers and repairers.................................... 39 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Security and fire alarm systems installers............ 49 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Aircraft mechanics and service technicians............ 126 986 39 ( 2 )

Automotive body and related repairers.................. 126 683 17 ( 2 )

Automotive glass installers and repairers............... 17 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Automotive service technicians and mechanics...... 585 680 18 ( 2 )

Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine 

 specialists................................................... 298 768 16 ( 2 )

Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service 

 technicians and mechanics.............................. 213 879 23 ( 2 )

Small engine mechanics.................................... 40 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment

 mechanics, installers, and repairers.................. 78 521 21 ( 2 )

Control and valve installers and repairers............ 22 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration 

 mechanics and installers................................. 308 826 30 ( 2 )

Home appliance repairers................................. 32 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics...... 403 866 26 ( 2 )

Maintenance and repair workers, general............ 291 692 21 ( 2 )

Maintenance workers, machinery........................ 27 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Millwrights...................................................... 41 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Electrical power-line installers and repairers......... 117 1,085 46 ( 2 )

Telecommunications line installers and repairers... 137 873 34 ( 2 )

Precision instrument and equipment repairers...... 45 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Coin, vending, and amusement machine 

 servicers and repairers.................................... 27 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

 See footnotes at end of table.

27
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 

2010 annual averages—Continued

Locksmiths and safe repairers........................... 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Manufactured building and mobile home installers... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Riggers......................................................... 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Signal and track switch repairers........................ 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Helpers—installation, maintenance, and repair

 workers......................................................... 22 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Other installation, maintenance, and repair

 workers......................................................... 142 $664 $28 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Production, transportation, and material moving 

 occupations......................................................... 13,034 599 3 2,581 $473 $5

Production occupations.......................................... 6,861 599 4 1,776 481 4

First-line supervisors/managers of production 

 and operating workers.................................... 657 800 30 104 602 18

Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems

 assemblers................................................... 27 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical 

 assemblers................................................... 130 507 16 72 481 16

Engine and other machine assemblers.................. 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Structural metal fabricators and fitters.................. 23 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators............ 713 519 9 264 475 12

Bakers......................................................... 147 416 12 72 406 16

Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish

 processing workers....................................... 281 498 7 64 478 10

Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying

1 1 1 1

Both sexes Women

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Standard

error 

of

median 

 machine operators and tenders........................ 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Food batchmakers.......................................... 78 510 25 35 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Food cooking machine operators and tenders......... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Computer control programmers and operators...... 57 824 68 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Extruding and drawing machine setters,

 operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............ 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders,

 metal and plastic............................................. 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders,

 metal and plastic............................................. 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, 

 operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............ 74 574 64 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Drilling and boring machine tool setters, 

 operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............ 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine 

 tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and

 plastic......................................................... 49 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators,

 and tenders, metal and plastic........................... 18 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Milling and planing machine setters, operators,

 and tenders, metal and plastic........................... 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Machinists...................................................... 355 794 24 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Metal furnace and kiln operators and tenders......... 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Model makers and patternmakers, metal and

 plastic......................................................... 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Molders and molding machine setters, 

 operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............ 45 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

See footnotes at end of table.

28
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed

occupation and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Locksmiths and safe repairers........................... 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Manufactured building and mobile home installers... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Riggers......................................................... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Signal and track switch repairers........................ 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Helpers—installation, maintenance, and repair

 workers......................................................... 18 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Other installation, maintenance, and repair

 workers......................................................... 136 $671 $32 ( 2 )

Production, transportation, and material moving 

 occupations......................................................... 10,453 640 5 73.9

Production occupations.......................................... 5,085 664 7 72.4

First-line supervisors/managers of production 

 and operating workers.................................... 552 846 20 71.2

Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems

 assemblers................................................... 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical 

 assemblers................................................... 58 622 82 77.3

Engine and other machine assemblers.................. 23 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Structural metal fabricators and fitters.................. 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators............ 449 581 16 81.8

Bakers......................................................... 74 435 109 93.3

Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish

 processing workers....................................... 217 508 10 94.1

Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying

1 1 2

Women's

earnings 

as

percent

of men's 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

 machine operators and tenders........................ 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Food batchmakers.......................................... 43 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Food cooking machine operators and tenders......... 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Computer control programmers and operators...... 54 834 66 ( 2 )

Extruding and drawing machine setters,

 operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............ 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, 

 metal and plastic............................................. 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, 

 metal and plastic............................................. 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, 

 operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............ 58 637 27 ( 2 )

Drilling and boring machine tool setters, 

 operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............ 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine 

 tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and 

 plastic......................................................... 45 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, 

 and tenders, metal and plastic........................... 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Milling and planing machine setters, operators, 

 and tenders, metal and plastic........................... 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Machinists...................................................... 345 802 24 ( 2 )

Metal furnace and kiln operators and tenders......... 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Model makers and patternmakers, metal and

 plastic......................................................... 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Molders and molding machine setters, 

 operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............ 36 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

See footnotes at end of table.

29
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 

2010 annual averages—Continued

Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and

 tenders, metal and plastic................................. 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Tool and die makers.......................................... 62 $921 $31 - - -

Welding, soldering, and brazing workers............... 416 648 20 24 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and

 tenders, metal and plastic................................. 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Lay-out workers, metal and plastic..................... 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Plating and coating machine setters, operators,

 and tenders, metal and plastic........................... 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners..................... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Metalworkers and plastic workers, all other............ 302 599 14 64 $496 $24

Bookbinders and bindery workers........................ 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Job printers................................................... 48 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Prepress technicians and workers........................ 36 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Printing machine operators................................. 137 625 28 29 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Laundry and dry-cleaning workers........................ 115 371 12 68 361 13

Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials... 37 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 24 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Sewing machine operators................................. 125 429 30 92 410 28

Shoe and leather workers and repairers............... 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Shoe machine operators and tenders.................. 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers........................ 33 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators

 and tenders................................................... 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and

Both sexes Women

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Standard

error 

of

median 

g ,p ,

 tenders......................................................... 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Textile knitting and weaving machine setters,

 operators, and tenders.................................... 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out 

 machine setters, operators, and tenders............ 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, 

 and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers............... 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Fabric and apparel patternmakers........................ 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Upholsterers................................................... 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other... 19 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters.................. 45 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Furniture finishers............................................. 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Sawing machine setters, operators, and 

 tenders, wood................................................ 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Woodworking machine setters, operators, and

 tenders, except sawing................................... 17 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Woodworkers, all other.................................... 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Power plant operators, distributors, and

 dispatchers................................................... 40 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Stationary engineers and boiler operators............ 93 900 47 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Water and liquid waste treatment plant and 

 system operators.......................................... 72 857 28 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Miscellaneous plant and system operators............ 35 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Chemical processing machine setters, 

 operators, and tenders.................................... 50 696 62 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and 

 blending workers.......................................... 76 620 30 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Cutting workers................................................ 58 524 22 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting

 machine setters, operators, and tenders............ 41 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

See footnotes at end of table.

30
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed

occupation and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and

 tenders, metal and plastic................................. 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Tool and die makers.......................................... 62 $922 $30 ( 2 )

Welding, soldering, and brazing workers............... 391 661 20 ( 2 )

Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and

 tenders, metal and plastic................................. 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Lay-out workers, metal and plastic..................... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Plating and coating machine setters, operators,

 and tenders, metal and plastic........................... 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners..................... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Metalworkers and plastic workers, all other............ 237 629 26 78.9

Bookbinders and bindery workers........................ 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Job printers................................................... 40 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Prepress technicians and workers........................ 19 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Printing machine operators................................. 108 657 24 ( 2 )

Laundry and dry-cleaning workers........................ 47 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials... 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Sewing machine operators................................. 33 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Shoe and leather workers and repairers............... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Shoe machine operators and tenders.................. 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers........................ 13 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators

 and tenders................................................... 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and

Women's

earnings 

as

percent

of men's 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

g ,p ,

 tenders......................................................... 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Textile knitting and weaving machine setters,

 operators, and tenders.................................... 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out 

 machine setters, operators, and tenders............ 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, 

 and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers............... - - -( 2 )

Fabric and apparel patternmakers........................ 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Upholsterers................................................... 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other... 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters.................. 43 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Furniture finishers............................................. 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Sawing machine setters, operators, and 

 tenders, wood................................................ 25 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Woodworking machine setters, operators, and

 tenders, except sawing................................... 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Woodworkers, all other.................................... 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Power plant operators, distributors, and

 dispatchers................................................... 39 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Stationary engineers and boiler operators............ 91 899 46 ( 2 )

Water and liquid waste treatment plant and 

 system operators.......................................... 68 859 28 ( 2 )

Miscellaneous plant and system operators............ 34 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Chemical processing machine setters, 

 operators, and tenders.................................... 41 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and 

 blending workers.......................................... 66 671 53 ( 2 )

Cutting workers................................................ 48 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting

 machine setters, operators, and tenders............ 34 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

See footnotes at end of table.

31
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 

2010 annual averages—Continued

Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators

 and tenders................................................... 13 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and

 weighers...................................................... 602 $716 $22 195 $549 $27

Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers... 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory 

 technicians................................................... 69 624 37 37 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Packaging and filling machine operators and 

 tenders......................................................... 233 472 16 114 438 24

Painting workers............................................. 121 647 37 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Photographic process workers and processing 

 machine operators.......................................... 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Semiconductor processors................................. 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Cementing and gluing machine operators and

 tenders......................................................... 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling

 equipment operators and tenders..................... 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Cooling and freezing equipment operators and

 tenders......................................................... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Etchers and engravers....................................... 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal

 and plastic................................................... 22 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Paper goods machine setters, operators, and

 tenders......................................................... 35 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Ti b ild 24 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Both sexes Women

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Standard

error 

of

median 

Tire builders................................................... 24 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Helpers—production workers.............................. 37 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Production workers, all other.............................. 839 543 12 238 486 10

Transportation and material moving occupations......... 6,172 599 4 805 447 10

Supervisors, transportation and material moving 

 workers......................................................... 230 743 18 57 615 63

Aircraft pilots and flight engineers........................ 82 1,365 60 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Air traffic controllers and airfield operations

 specialists................................................... 46 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Ambulance drivers and attendants, except

 emergency medical technicians........................ 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Bus drivers...................................................... 332 574 23 148 502 17

Driver/sales workers and truck drivers.................. 2,386 686 10 79 492 53

Taxi drivers and chauffeurs................................. 251 537 36 35 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Motor vehicle operators, all other........................ 23 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Locomotive engineers and operators.................. 58 1,268 302 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators......... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Railroad conductors and yardmasters.................. 56 1,198 111 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation

 workers......................................................... 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Sailors and marine oilers.................................... 25 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Ship and boat captains and operators.................. 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Ship engineers................................................ 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Bridge and lock tenders.................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Parking lot attendants....................................... 41 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Service station attendants................................. 57 393 24 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Transportation inspectors................................. 40 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Other transportation workers.............................. 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Conveyor operators and tenders........................ 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Crane and tower operators................................. 48 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

See footnotes at end of table.

32
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed

occupation and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators

 and tenders................................................... 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and

 weighers...................................................... 407 $792 $22 69.3

Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers... 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory 

 technicians................................................... 32 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Packaging and filling machine operators and 

 tenders......................................................... 120 493 15 88.8

Painting workers............................................. 109 662 36 ( 2 )

Photographic process workers and processing 

 machine operators.......................................... 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Semiconductor processors................................. 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Cementing and gluing machine operators and

 tenders......................................................... 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling

 equipment operators and tenders..................... 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Cooling and freezing equipment operators and

 tenders......................................................... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Etchers and engravers....................................... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal

 and plastic................................................... 19 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Paper goods machine setters, operators, and

 tenders......................................................... 28 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Ti b ild 22 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Women's

earnings 

as

percent

of men's 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Tire builders................................................... 22 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Helpers—production workers.............................. 32 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Production workers, all other.............................. 602 583 15 83.4

Transportation and material moving occupations......... 5,368 618 5 72.3

Supervisors, transportation and material moving 

 workers......................................................... 172 758 19 81.1

Aircraft pilots and flight engineers........................ 79 1,360 57 ( 2 )

Air traffic controllers and airfield operations

 specialists................................................... 41 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Ambulance drivers and attendants, except

 emergency medical technicians........................ 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Bus drivers...................................................... 184 660 27 76.1

Driver/sales workers and truck drivers.................. 2,307 691 10 71.2

Taxi drivers and chauffeurs................................. 216 570 35 ( 2 )

Motor vehicle operators, all other........................ 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Locomotive engineers and operators.................. 57 1,268 303 ( 2 )

Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators......... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Railroad conductors and yardmasters.................. 53 1,230 59 ( 2 )

Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation

 workers......................................................... 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Sailors and marine oilers.................................... 24 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Ship and boat captains and operators.................. 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Ship engineers................................................ 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Bridge and lock tenders.................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Parking lot attendants....................................... 37 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Service station attendants................................. 50 406 23 ( 2 )

Transportation inspectors................................. 35 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Other transportation workers.............................. 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Conveyor operators and tenders........................ 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Crane and tower operators................................. 48 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

See footnotes at end of table.

33
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 

2010 annual averages—Continued

Dredge, excavating, and loading machine 

 operators...................................................... 35 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Hoist and winch operators................................. 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Industrial truck and tractor operators..................... 459 $559 $17 29 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Cleaners of vehicles and equipment..................... 235 448 16 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, 

 hand............................................................ 1,155 497 7 183 $419 $11

Machine feeders and offbearers........................... 27 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Packers and packagers, hand........................... 346 400 8 187 389 11

Pumping station operators................................. 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Refuse and recyclable material collectors............ 77 481 27 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Shuttle car operators....................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Material moving workers, all other........................ 51 742 63 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

See footnotes at end of table.

Both sexes Women

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Standard

error 

of

median 

34
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed

occupation and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Dredge, excavating, and loading machine

 operators...................................................... 33 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Hoist and winch operators................................. 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Industrial truck and tractor operators..................... 430 $556 $17 ( 2 )

Cleaners of vehicles and equipment..................... 204 452 16 ( 2 )

Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, 

 hand............................................................ 973 508 7 82.5

Machine feeders and offbearers........................... 18 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Packers and packagers, hand........................... 159 413 12 94.2

Pumping station operators................................. 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Refuse and recyclable material collectors............ 74 491 26 ( 2 )

Shuttle car operators....................................... 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

Material moving workers, all other........................ 47 ( 1 ) ( 1 )( 2 )

1 Data not shown where base is less than 50,000. 

2 Data not shown where base for either the numerator or the denominator is less than 50,000.

NOTE: Dash indicates data not available or do not meet publication standards.

Women's

earnings 

as

percent

of men's 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

35
Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by state 

and sex, 2010 annual averages 

Women

UNITED STATES..................... 99,531 $747 $2 44,472 $669 $3

Alabama....................................... 1,478 661 20 678 597 18

Alaska........................................... 241 827 18 107 705 20

Arizona......................................... 2,028 723 11 878 667 17

Arkansas....................................... 911 594 9 416 530 14

California...................................... 10,999 793 8 4,712 747 9

Colorado....................................... 1,727 823 15 728 719 14

Connecticut................................... 1,195 976 24 524 835 32

Delaware...................................... 293 760 16 137 735 16

District of Columbia...................... 259 1,014 21 131 965 20

Florida........................................... 5,804 717 8 2,735 647 8

Georgia......................................... 3,198 725 14 1,458 637 13

Hawaii........................................... 401 732 16 185 658 15

Idaho............................................. 445 666 12 181 585 14

Illinois............................................ 4,264 771 10 1,865 678 13

Indiana.......................................... 2,030 693 15 869 598 13

Iowa.............................................. 1,056 700 14 481 622 13

Kansas.......................................... 970 689 16 439 611 12

Kentucky....................................... 1,301 650 15 596 581 11

Louisiana...................................... 1,436 682 23 646 582 12

Maine............................................ 406 722 15 189 637 19

Maryland....................................... 2,148 867 19 1,006 798 43

Massachusetts.............................. 2,193 946 15 982 832 19

Michigan....................................... 2,848 768 11 1,290 684 14

Both sexes

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median

State

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

g , ,

Minnesota..................................... 1,856 823 17 819 749 18

Mississippi.................................... 854 618 11 406 564 18

Missouri........................................ 1,977 725 16 926 616 12

Montana........................................ 280 658 16 128 553 18

Nebraska...................................... 652 688 13 304 621 14

Nevada......................................... 811 687 12 359 614 8

New Hampshire............................ 486 848 16 213 745 16

New Jersey................................... 3,074 895 17 1,352 824 16

New Mexico.................................. 606 688 17 270 605 15

New York...................................... 6,602 798 10 3,062 747 7

North Carolina.............................. 3,049 671 12 1,418 622 10

North Dakota................................ 249 689 13 112 603 13

Ohio.............................................. 3,679 732 8 1,668 645 11

Oklahoma..................................... 1,202 661 12 542 579 12

Oregon.......................................... 1,129 754 17 468 659 22

Pennsylvania................................ 4,171 751 7 1,835 664 11

Rhode Island................................ 335 805 22 152 700 26

South Carolina.............................. 1,416 664 10 679 586 16

South Dakota................................ 280 651 12 131 598 10

Tennessee.................................... 2,001 639 15 926 589 15

Texas............................................ 8,381 665 8 3,575 611 7

Utah.............................................. 853 717 9 324 620 12

Vermont........................................ 217 754 14 102 696 22

Virginia.......................................... 2,892 831 18 1,351 719 18

Washington.................................. 2,193 870 18 938 748 16

West Virginia................................ 566 705 15 244 572 17

Wisconsin..................................... 1,894 761 12 856 684 17

Wyoming...................................... 197 776 15 81 616 14

 36
Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary 

workers, by state and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued 

Men

UNITED STATES..................... 55,059 $824 $3 81.2

Alabama....................................... 800 709 20 84.2

Alaska........................................... 134 948 28 74.4

Arizona......................................... 1,150 767 16 87.0

Arkansas....................................... 496 640 18 82.8

California...................................... 6,287 840 13 88.9

Colorado....................................... 998 925 22 77.7

Connecticut................................... 672 1,101 56 75.8

Delaware...................................... 156 805 30 91.3

District of Columbia...................... 128 1,103 58 87.5

Florida........................................... 3,069 773 11 83.7

Georgia......................................... 1,740 822 27 77.5

Hawaii........................................... 216 797 22 82.6

Idaho............................................. 264 754 20 77.6

Illinois............................................ 2,399 872 14 77.8

Indiana.......................................... 1,160 772 22 77.5

Iowa.............................................. 575 786 23 79.1

Kansas.......................................... 531 763 18 80.1

Kentucky....................................... 705 743 19 78.2

Louisiana...................................... 790 834 20 69.8

Maine............................................ 217 810 30 78.6

Maryland....................................... 1,142 932 32 85.6

Massachusetts.............................. 1,212 1,033 23 80.5

Michigan....................................... 1,558 857 23 79.8

Women's

earnings 

as

percent

of men's

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

State

g ,

Minnesota..................................... 1,037 903 23 82.9

Mississippi.................................... 449 693 20 81.4

Missouri........................................ 1,051 819 22 75.2

Montana........................................ 152 730 19 75.8

Nebraska...................................... 348 748 18 83.0

Nevada......................................... 452 751 14 81.8

New Hampshire............................ 273 966 27 77.1

New Jersey................................... 1,722 972 19 84.8

New Mexico.................................. 336 780 25 77.6

New York...................................... 3,540 861 11 86.8

North Carolina.............................. 1,630 728 17 85.4

North Dakota................................ 137 764 16 78.9

Ohio.............................................. 2,012 817 16 78.9

Oklahoma..................................... 660 746 23 77.6

Oregon.......................................... 661 828 29 79.6

Pennsylvania................................ 2,336 822 15 80.8

Rhode Island................................ 183 930 30 75.3

South Carolina.............................. 737 752 19 77.9

South Dakota................................ 149 716 17 83.5

Tennessee.................................... 1,076 715 26 82.4

Texas............................................ 4,806 714 10 85.6

Utah.............................................. 528 841 26 73.7

Vermont........................................ 116 807 18 86.2

Virginia.......................................... 1,540 956 21 75.2

Washington.................................. 1,255 978 22 76.5

West Virginia................................ 321 832 27 68.8

Wisconsin..................................... 1,037 826 18 82.8

Wyoming...................................... 116 891 17 69.1

 37
Table 4. Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part time wage and salary workers, by selected Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by selected

characteristics 2010 annual averages characteristics, 2010 annual averages

Both sexes Both sexes Women

Number Number

f Characteristic Median Standard Median Standard Number

of f Standard

error

Characteristic Standard

error

Median 

weekly

Median 

weekly

of 

workers error 

of

error 

of weekly

i

weekly

i

workers

(in of

di

of

di earnings earnings (in (in

thousands) median median thousands)

AGE

Total 16 years and older Total, 16 years and older................................ 24 351, $229 $1 15 992, $232 $2

16 t 24 16 to 24 years........................................................ 8 063, 169 1 4 552, 165 2

16 to 19 years..................................................... 6 o 9 yea s 3,237 137 2 1,812 135 2

20 to 24 years 20 to 24 years..................................................... 4 827, 196 2 2 741, 195 3

25 d ld 25 years and older................................................. 16 288, 270 2 11 440, 269 2

25 to 34 years..................................................... 25 to 34 years..................................................... 4,221 266 3 2,741 263 3

35 to 44 years 35 to 44 years..................................................... 3 496, 283 5 2 646, 279 6

45 t 54 45 to 54 years..................................................... 3 608, 292 4 2 789, 290 5

55 to 64 years..................................................... 55 to 64 years..................................................... 3,025 276 4 2,147 277 5

65 years and older 65 years and older.............................................. 1 938, 215 4 1 117, 201 5

RACE AND HISPANIC OR RACE AND HISPANIC OR

LATINO ETHNICITY LATINO ETHNICITY

White...................................................................... 20 222, 230 1 13 441, 234 2

Black or African American..................................... Black or African American..................................... 2,521 219 3 1,559 219 3

Asian...................................................................... 948 251 6 590 255 8

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................... 3,418 229 3 2,016 222 3

MARITAL STATUS MARITAL STATUS

Never married Never married........................................................ 10 824, 189 1 5 945, 186 2

Married spouse present Married, spouse present........................................ 10 065, 283 3 7 440, 280 3

Other marital status............................................... 3,463 244 3 2,607 242 4

Divorced Divorced............................................................. 1 899, 257 4 1 403, 259 5

S td Separated........................................................... 842 842 236 236 66 584 584 230 230 77

Widowed............................................................. 723 219 6 620 215 7

See note at end of table. See note at end of table.

38
Table 4. Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part time wage and salary workers, by Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by

selected characteristics 2010 annual averages Continued selected characteristics, 2010 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Women's

earnings Number earnings 

as Characteristic f Median Standard as

percent

of Median 

weekly

Standard

error

Characteristic

percent

f ' workers weekly

i

error 

of of men's (in earnings di thousands) median

AGE

Total 16 years and older Total, 16 years and older................................ 8 359, $223 $2 104 0.

16 t 24 16 to 24 years........................................................ 3 511, 174 2 94 8.

16 to 19 years..................................................... 6 o 9 yea s 1,425 138 3 97.8 

20 to 24 years 20 to 24 years..................................................... 2 086, 198 3 98 5.

25 d ld 25 years and older................................................. 4 849, 273 3 98 5.

25 to 34 years..................................................... 25 to 34 years..................................................... 1,479 271 4 97.0

35 to 44 years 35 to 44 years..................................................... 851 292 8 95 5.

45 t 54 45 to 54 years..................................................... 820 295 8 98 3.

55 to 64 years..................................................... 55 to 64 years..................................................... 878 275 8 100.7

65 years and older 65 years and older.............................................. 821 238 7 84 5.

RACE AND HISPANIC OR RACE AND HISPANIC OR

LATINO ETHNICITY LATINO ETHNICITY

White...................................................................... 6 781, 223 2 104 9.

Black or African American..................................... Black or African American..................................... 962 218 4 100.5

Asian...................................................................... 358 245 10 104 1.

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................... 1,402 240 5 92.5

MARITAL STATUS MARITAL STATUS

Never married Never married........................................................ 4 879, 193 2 96 4.

Married spouse present Married, spouse present........................................ 2 625, 291 5 96 2.

Other marital status............................................... 856 252 7 96.0

Divorced Divorced............................................................. 496 253 9 102 4.

S td Separated........................................................... 258 254 14 90 6 90.6

Widowed............................................................. 102 247 19 87.0

NOTE: Estimates for the race groups listed (White, ( Black or African American, and Asian) do not

sum to totals because because data are not presented presented for all races. Persons Persons whose ethnicity ethnicity is identified identified as

Hispanic Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

39
Table 5. Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours usually worked and sex, Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours usually worked and sex,

2010 annual averages 2010 annual averages 

Both sexes Both sexes Women

Number Number

H fk f f Standard Median Median Standard Hours of work of of Standard

error

Median 

kl

Median 

kl

Standard

error workers workers error 

of weekly weekly error of (in (in of

di earnings earnings ofdi (in

thousands)

(

thousands) median g g median thousands) thousands)

Total 16 years and older Total, 16 years and older................................ 124 073 124,073 $631 $2 60 542, $552 $3

1 to 34 hours.......................................................... 1 to 34 hours.......................................................... 21,802 233 1 14,452 236 2

1 to 4 hours 1 to 4 hours........................................................ 548 62 3 343 62 3

5 to 9 hours........................................................ 1,203 69 1 824 71 2

10 to 14 hours.................................................... 10 to 14 hours.................................................... 1,865 112 1 1,281 113 1

15 to 19 hours 15 to 19 hours.................................................... 2 729, 156 2 1 821, 158 2

20 to 24 hours.................................................... 6,425 212 1 4,268 218 2

25 to 29 hours 25 to 29 hours.................................................... 2 953, 262 2 1 977, 265 3

30 to 34 hours 30 to 34 hours.................................................... 6 079, 337 4 3 937, 348 4

35 or more hours 35 or more hours................................................... 94 452, 750 2 42 616, 675 3

35 t 39 h 35 to 39 hours.................................................... 8 200, 485 5 5 508, 506 6

40 hours............................................................. 67,195 700 2 31,196 650 3

41 or more hours 41 or more hours................................................ 19 056, 1 153, 5 5 912, 1 036, 10

41 t 44 h 41 to 44 hours................................................. 1 084, 867 18 435 798 36

45 to 48 hours................................................. 5,294 994 10 1,858 941 14

49 to 59 hours 49 to 59 hours................................................. 8 450, 1 246, 9 2 585, 1 134, 14

60 h or more hours............................................. 4 228, 1 338, 17 1 034, 1 168, 19

Hours vary Hours vary................................................... 7 819, 414 5 3 475, 312 5

Usually less than 35 hours.............................. 2,549 196 4 1,540 196 5

Usually 35 or more hours.............................. Usually 35 or more hours.............................. 5,079 639 12 1,856 486 13

See note at end of table See note at end of table.

 40
Table 5. Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours

usually worked and sex 2010 annual averages Continued usually worked and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Women's

earnings Number earnings 

as f Median Standard H fk as

percent

of Median 

kl

Standard

error

Hours of work

percent

f ' workers weekly error 

of of men's (in earnings di thousands)

g median

Total 16 years and older Total, 16 years and older................................ 63 531, $736 $3 75 0.

1 to 34 hours 1 to 34 hours.......................................................... 7 351, 226 2 104 4.

1 to 4 hours 1 to 4 hours........................................................ 204 62 5 100 0.

5 to 9 hours........................................................ 379 65 2 109.2

10 to 14 hours.................................................... 10 to 14 hours.................................................... 584 110 2 102.7

15 to 19 hours 15 to 19 hours.................................................... 908 150 3 105 3.

20 to 24 hours.................................................... 2,157 201 2 108.5

25 to 29 hours 25 to 29 hours.................................................... 976 256 4 103 5.

30 to 34 hours 30 to 34 hours.................................................... 2 142, 320 3 108 8.

35 or more hours 35 or more hours................................................... 51 836, 830 3 81 3.

35 t 39 h 35 to 39 hours.................................................... 2 692, 449 7 112 7.

40 hours............................................................. 35,999 747 3 87.0

41 or more hours 41 or more hours................................................ 13 144, 1 210, 11 85 6.

41 t 44 h 41 to 44 hours................................................. 650 919 24 86 8.

45 to 48 hours................................................. 3,436 1,025 13 91.8

49 to 59 hours 49 to 59 hours................................................. 5 865, 1 312, 18 86 4.

60 h or more hours............................................. 3 194, 1 381, 19 84 6.

Hours vary Hours vary................................................... 4 345, 556 18 56 1.

Usually less than 35 hours.............................. 1,009 196 5 100.0

Usually 35 or more hours.............................. Usually 35 or more hours.............................. 3,223 739 12 65.8

NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal principal job of full-time and part-time workers workers. Estimates Estimates for the

"hours vary" groups do not sum to totals because because data are not presented presented for a small number of

multiple jobholders j whose usual number of hours on the principal p job is not identifiable.

 41
Table 6. Quartiles and selected deciles of usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary 

workers, by selected characteristics, 2010 annual averages

Upper limit of:

SEX, RACE, AND HISPANIC

OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Total, 16 years and older............................. 99,531 $353 $493 $747 $1,157 $1,769

Women.................................................... 44,472 334 458 669 1,002 1,482

Men.......................................................... 55,059 375 524 824 1,288 1,923

White........................................................... 80,656 359 504 765 1,179 1,833

Women.................................................... 34,971 338 471 684 1,017 1,512

Men.......................................................... 45,685 380 544 850 1,334 1,990

Black or African American........................... 11,658 324 422 611 913 1,314

Women.................................................... 6,283 316 411 592 865 1,236

Men.......................................................... 5,376 337 445 633 958 1,420

Asian........................................................... 4,946 378 533 855 1,423 2,082

Women.................................................... 2,193 356 496 773 1,235 1,835

Men.......................................................... 2,753 394 584 936 1,560 2,295

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.......................... 14,837 300 382 535 806 1,241

Women.................................................... 5,598 289 362 508 748 1,110

Men.......................................................... 9,239 308 393 560 854 1,335

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Characteristic

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

First 

decile

First 

quartile

Second

quartile 

(median) 

Third 

quartile

Ninth 

decile

Total, 25 years and older............................. 90,979 377 520 782 1,203 1,848

Less than a high school diploma.............. 7,153 282 342 444 605 824

High school, no college ........................... 25,200 345 453 626 901 1,236

Some college or associate's degree......... 24,896 387 518 734 1,037 1,444

Bachelor's degree and higher................... 33,731 554 773 1,144 1,732 2,460

Women, 25 years and older........................ 40,691 351 484 704 1,041 1,535

Less than a high school diploma.............. 2,321 252 308 388 502 633

High school, no college............................ 10,449 318 405 543 739 997

Some college or associate's degree......... 12,018 356 476 638 889 1,203

Bachelor's degree and higher................... 15,903 515 717 986 1,427 1,922

Men, 25 years and older.............................. 50,289 397 577 874 1,357 2,004

Less than a high school diploma.............. 4,832 295 370 486 661 898

High school, no college............................ 14,751 378 502 710 1,001 1,381

Some college or associate's degree......... 12,878 427 593 845 1,169 1,608

Bachelor's degree and higher................... 17,828 594 871 1,330 1,915 2,888

NOTE: Ten percent of all full-time wage and salary workers earn less than the upper limit of the first decile; 25 percent

earn less than the upper limit of the first quartile; 50 percent earn less than the upper limit of the second quartile, or median;

75 percent earn less than the upper limit of the third quartile; and 90 percent earn less than the upper limit of the ninth

decile. Estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data

are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

42
Table 7. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected 

characteristics, 2010 annual averages 

(In thousands)

Number of workers by usual weekly earnings

AGE AND SEX

 Total, 16 years and older...... 99,531 882 1,322 6,892 16,307 23,551 17,462 18,158 14,957

16 to 24 years........................... 8,552 175 353 1,828 2,883 2,009 794 400 109

 16 to 19 years........................ 1,037 67 92 368 327 127 33 15 7

 20 to 24 years........................ 7,514 107 261 1,460 2,556 1,881 761 385 102

25 years and older.................... 90,979 707 969 5,064 13,423 21,542 16,668 17,758 14,848

 25 to 34 years........................ 24,101 164 303 1,745 4,495 6,654 4,560 4,046 2,134

 35 to 44 years........................ 23,822 161 229 1,248 3,202 5,383 4,357 4,780 4,461

 45 to 54 years........................ 25,206 198 234 1,187 3,227 5,618 4,677 5,181 4,884

 55 to 64 years........................ 15,141 116 127 662 1,971 3,329 2,698 3,313 2,925

 65 years and older................. 2,710 68 77 222 527 558 376 438 443

 Women, 16 years and older.. 44,472 466 739 3,803 8,409 11,633 7,879 7,109 4,435

16 to 24 years........................... 3,782 81 173 885 1,265 890 334 134 20

 16 to 19 years........................ 406 29 38 153 123 45 8 9 1

 20 to 24 years........................ 3,376 52 134 732 1,142 845 325 125 20

25 years and older.................... 40,691 385 566 2,919 7,144 10,742 7,545 6,975 4,415

 25 to 34 years........................ 10,462 78 171 875 2,047 3,080 2,000 1,531 679

 35 to 44 years........................ 10,265 94 125 727 1,752 2,543 1,903 1,811 1,312

45 t 54 11 631 116 152 752 1 941 2 944 2 156 2 102 1 468

$250.00

to

$349.99

Total 

employed Under 

$150.00

$350.00 

to 

$499.99

$150.00

to

$249.99

Characteristic $500.00 

to 

$749.99

$750.00 

to 

$999.99

$1,000.00 

to 

$1,499.99

$1,500.00 

or 

more

 45 to 54 years........................ 11,631 116 152 752 1,941 2,944 2,156 2,102 1,468

 55 to 64 years........................ 7,140 64 80 431 1,146 1,878 1,293 1,378 870

 65 years and older................. 1,193 33 39 134 258 297 193 154 86

 Men, 16 years and older....... 55,059 416 583 3,089 7,898 11,918 9,584 11,049 10,522

16 to 24 years........................... 4,770 94 180 944 1,619 1,118 460 266 89

 16 to 19 years........................ 632 38 53 216 204 83 25 6 6

 20 to 24 years........................ 4,139 56 127 728 1,414 1,036 436 260 82

25 years and older.................... 50,289 323 403 2,145 6,280 10,800 9,123 10,783 10,433

 25 to 34 years........................ 13,639 85 132 870 2,448 3,574 2,560 2,515 1,455

 35 to 44 years........................ 13,558 68 105 521 1,451 2,840 2,454 2,969 3,149

 45 to 54 years........................ 13,575 82 82 435 1,286 2,674 2,521 3,079 3,416

 55 to 64 years........................ 8,001 52 47 230 826 1,451 1,405 1,935 2,055

 65 years and older................. 1,516 35 38 89 269 261 182 284 357

See note at end of table.

43
Table 7. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected 

characteristics, 2010 annual averages—Continued

(In thousands)

Number of workers by usual weekly earnings

RACE, HISPANIC OR

 LATINO ETHNICITY, 

AND SEX

White..................................... 80,656 700 995 5,322 12,444 18,815 14,376 15,219 12,786

Women..................................... 34,971 365 548 2,863 6,322 9,171 6,342 5,717 3,644

Men.......................................... 45,685 335 447 2,459 6,122 9,644 8,033 9,502 9,142

Black or African American..... 11,658 119 233 1,101 2,673 3,163 1,918 1,629 823

Women..................................... 6,283 63 144 687 1,499 1,700 995 848 347

Men.......................................... 5,376 56 89 415 1,174 1,463 923 781 476

Asian..................................... 4,946 41 51 272 713 977 806 947 1,138

Women..................................... 2,193 21 29 147 366 467 381 407 373

Men.......................................... 2,753 19 22 125 348 510 425 540 765

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.... 14,837 172 357 2,101 3,906 3,905 1,893 1,551 951

Women..................................... 5,598 87 172 949 1,477 1,466 699 496 250

Men.......................................... 9,239 85 186 1,151 2,429 2,439 1,194 1,055 700

NOTE: Estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not

presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

$250.00

to

$349.99

Total 

employed Under 

$150.00

$350.00 

to 

$499.99

$150.00

to

$249.99

Characteristic $500.00 

to 

$749.99

$750.00 

to 

$999.99

$1,000.00 

to 

$1,499.99

$1,500.00 

or 

more

44
Table 8. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by sex, marital 

status, and presence and age of own children under 18 years old, 2010 annual averages

WOMEN

Total, all marital statuses................................................ 44,472 $669 $3

With children under 18 years.......................................... 16,119 664 4

With children 6 to 17 years, none younger..................... 9,738 676 6

With children under 6 years....................................... 6,381 644 7

With no children under 18 years.................................... 28,353 672 3

Total, married, spouse present.......................................... 23,385 727 3

With children under 18 years.......................................... 10,731 737 4

With children 6 to 17 years, none younger..................... 6,419 723 7

With children under 6 years....................................... 4,312 756 7

With no children under 18 years.................................... 12,655 716 5

Total, other marital statuses .......................................... 21,087 614 3

With children under 18 years.......................................... 5,388 555 6

With children 6 to 17 years, none younger..................... 3,319 609 7

With children under 6 years....................................... 2,069 487 6

With no children under 18 years.................................... 15,698 637 4

MEN

Total, all marital statuses................................................ 55,059 824 3

With hild d 18 20 577 907 5

Characteristic

Number of 

workers

(in thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median

1

With children under 18 years.......................................... 20,577 907 5

With children 6 to 17 years, none younger..................... 10,922 962 7

With children under 6 years....................................... 9,655 841 8

With no children under 18 years.................................... 34,482 774 4

Total, married, spouse present.......................................... 33,621 939 4

With children under 18 years.......................................... 18,554 940 5

With children 6 to 17 years, none younger..................... 9,953 982 8

With children under 6 years....................................... 8,601 890 8

With no children under 18 years.................................... 15,067 938 5

Total, other marital statuses .......................................... 21,438 658 4

With children under 18 years.......................................... 2,024 645 13

With children 6 to 17 years, none younger..................... 969 778 19

With children under 6 years....................................... 1,054 565 16

With no children under 18 years.................................... 19,415 659 4

1

1 Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed persons.

NOTE: Children refer to "own" children and include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Excluded

are other related children such as grandchildren, nieces, nephews, and cousins, as well as unrelated children. Data

for 2010 reflect improved methodology that provides more accurate estimates of the number of mothers and fathers

and, as a result, are not strictly comparable with data for earlier years.

45
Table 9. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected 

characteristics, 2010 annual averages 

AGE

Total, 16 years and older................................ 72,902 $12.50 $0.05 37,404 $11.83 $0.03

16 to 24 years....................................................... 14,061 8.90 .02 7,148 8.62 .03

16 to 19 years.................................................... 3,985 8.00 .02 2,096 7.91 .03

20 to 24 years.................................................... 10,076 9.53 .06 5,052 9.08 .04

25 years and older................................................. 58,842 13.98 .03 30,256 12.88 .04

25 to 34 years.................................................... 16,827 12.53 .08 8,008 12.04 .05

35 to 44 years.................................................... 14,362 14.61 .11 7,239 13.12 .09

45 to 54 years.................................................... 15,316 14.98 .04 8,183 13.50 .14

55 to 64 years.................................................... 9,584 14.89 .05 5,317 13.68 .15

65 years and older............................................. 2,753 11.55 .24 1,510 11.18 .18

RACE AND HISPANIC OR

LATINO ETHNICITY

White..................................................................... 58,529 12.74 .04 29,580 11.88 .03

Black or African American..................................... 9,436 11.77 .08 5,299 11.20 .10

Asian..................................................................... 2,920 13.22 .24 1,513 12.41 .32

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................... 12,977 10.88 .06 5,503 10.11 .04

MARITAL STATUS

Never married....................................................... 25,988 10.08 .02 12,474 9.83 .03

Married, spouse present........................................ 34,519 14.79 .04 17,198 13.22 .07

Other marital status............................................... 12,395 12.94 .07 7,733 12.15 .05

Divorced 7 717 13 90 08 4 746 12 87 10

Both sexes Women

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median

Characteristic Median 

hourly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median

Median 

hourly

earnings

Divorced............................................................. 7,717 13.90 .08 4,746 12.87 .10

Separated.......................................................... 3,139 11.49 .24 1,741 10.82 .15

Widowed............................................................ 1,539 12.12 .14 1,247 11.93 .14

UNION AFFILIATION1

Members of unions .............................................. 8,752 18.21 .14 3,434 15.89 .17

Represented by a union ...................................... 9,579 18.07 .08 3,856 15.76 .21

Not represented by a union................................... 63,323 11.96 .02 33,549 11.32 .05

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Total, 25 years and older....................................... 58,842 13.98 .03 30,256 12.88 .04

Less than a high school diploma........................ 7,058 10.13 .03 2,776 9.20 .05

High school, no college .................................... 21,561 13.16 .05 10,219 11.79 .05

Some college or associate's degree................... 19,035 14.80 .05 10,601 13.51 .12

Bachelor's degree and higher ........................... 11,187 18.18 .15 6,661 18.06 .11

See footnotes at end of table.

3

2

 46
Table 9. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates,

by selected characteristics, 2010 annual averages—Continued 

Men

AGE

Total, 16 years and older................................ 35,498 $13.76 $0.07 86.0

16 to 24 years....................................................... 6,913 9.21 .04 93.6

16 to 19 years.................................................... 1,889 8.09 .03 97.8

20 to 24 years.................................................... 5,024 9.90 .03 91.7

25 years and older................................................. 28,585 15.04 .03 85.6

25 to 34 years.................................................... 8,819 13.10 .07 91.9

35 to 44 years.................................................... 7,123 15.83 .12 82.9

45 to 54 years.................................................... 7,133 16.89 .10 79.9

55 to 64 years.................................................... 4,267 16.45 .25 83.2

65 years and older............................................. 1,243 11.92 .16 93.8

RACE AND HISPANIC OR

LATINO ETHNICITY

White..................................................................... 28,949 13.97 .05 85.0

Black or African American..................................... 4,137 12.16 .08 92.1

Asian..................................................................... 1,406 14.11 .18 88.0

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................... 7,474 11.73 .14 86.2

MARITAL STATUS

Never married....................................................... 13,514 10.34 .07 95.1

Married, spouse present........................................ 17,321 15.98 .06 82.7

Other marital status............................................... 4,662 14.47 .21 84.0

Divorced 2 971 15 17 10 84 8

Women's

earnings 

as

percent

of men's 

Median 

hourly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Characteristic

Divorced............................................................. 2,971 15.17 .10 84.8

Separated.......................................................... 1,399 12.22 .20 88.5

Widowed............................................................ 293 14.24 .79 83.8

UNION AFFILIATION 1

Members of unions .............................................. 5,318 19.95 .08 79.6

Represented by a union ...................................... 5,723 19.85 .09 79.4

Not represented by a union................................... 29,775 12.64 .07 89.6

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Total, 25 years and older....................................... 28,585 15.04 .03 85.6

Less than a high school diploma........................ 4,282 11.11 .08 82.8

High school, no college .................................... 11,342 14.99 .05 78.7

Some college or associate's degree................... 8,434 16.19 .11 83.4

Bachelor's degree and higher ........................... 4,527 18.64 .34 96.9

1 Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of

factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of male

and female employees by occupation, industry, firm size, and geographic region.

2 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.

3 Data refer to workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an

employee association contract, as well as to members of a labor union or an employee association

similar to a union.

NOTE: Workers paid hourly rates represented 59 percent of all wage and salary workers in 2010.

Estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals

because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or

Latino may be of any race.

3

2

 47
Table 10. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and 

selected characteristics, 2010 annual averages

(In thousands)

Number of workers by hourly earnings

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and older...... 72,902 1,291 6,064 13,687 11,490 12,151 12,752 15,467

16 to 24 years............................. 14,061 555 3,108 4,934 2,578 1,578 859 450

16 to 19 years.......................... 3,985 161 1,561 1,545 469 161 58 31

20 to 24 years.......................... 10,076 394 1,547 3,389 2,108 1,417 800 419

25 years and older...................... 58,842 736 2,956 8,753 8,913 10,573 11,894 15,017

25 to 34 years.......................... 16,827 379 989 2,992 2,989 3,278 3,218 2,982

35 to 44 years.......................... 14,362 162 691 1,962 1,978 2,537 2,984 4,048

45 to 54 years.......................... 15,316 123 629 1,894 2,067 2,674 3,296 4,633

55 to 64 years.......................... 9,584 38 396 1,305 1,347 1,627 2,010 2,860

65 years and older................... 2,753 34 250 600 532 457 387 494

Women, 16 years and older. 37,404 899 3,682 7,850 6,206 6,409 5,840 6,520

16 to 24 years............................. 7,148 401 1,767 2,627 1,155 705 310 185

16 to 19 years.......................... 2,096 122 873 820 207 52 15 7

20 to 24 years.......................... 5,052 279 894 1,807 948 653 294 177

25 years and older...................... 30,256 499 1,916 5,222 5,051 5,704 5,530 6,335

25 to 34 years.......................... 8,008 249 597 1,536 1,427 1,585 1,361 1,253

35 to 44 years.......................... 7,239 100 450 1,229 1,164 1,313 1,305 1,679

45 to 54 years.......................... 8,183 97 440 1,272 1,325 1,544 1,586 1,920

55 to 64 years.......................... 5,317 29 275 855 833 997 1,069 1,258

Total 

employed Under 

$6.00

Characteristic $20.00

or 

more

$6.00

to

$7.99

$8.00

to

$9.99

$10.00

to

$11.99

$12.00

to

$14.99

$15.00

to

$19.99

55 to 64 years.......................... 5,317 29 275 855 833 997 1,069 1,258

65 years and older................... 1,510 23 153 330 303 265 209 226

Men, 16 years and older....... 35,498 392 2,381 5,837 5,285 5,742 6,913 8,947

16 to 24 years............................. 6,913 154 1,341 2,307 1,423 873 549 266

16 to 19 years.......................... 1,889 38 687 724 263 109 43 24

20 to 24 years.......................... 5,024 116 654 1,582 1,160 764 506 242

25 years and older...................... 28,585 239 1,040 3,530 3,862 4,869 6,364 8,682

25 to 34 years.......................... 8,819 130 392 1,456 1,562 1,693 1,856 1,729

35 to 44 years.......................... 7,123 62 241 733 815 1,225 1,679 2,370

45 to 54 years.......................... 7,133 26 189 622 742 1,130 1,710 2,713

55 to 64 years.......................... 4,267 10 121 450 514 629 941 1,602

65 years and older................... 1,243 11 96 270 229 192 178 268

See note at end of table.

48
Table 10. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and 

selected characteristics, 2010 annual averages—Continued

(In thousands)

Number of workers by hourly earnings

RACE, HISPANIC OR

 LATINO ETHNICITY, 

AND SEX

White....................................... 58,529 1,096 4,743 10,776 8,967 9,641 10,360 12,947

Women....................................... 29,580 785 2,860 6,155 4,793 5,033 4,677 5,279

Men............................................. 28,949 311 1,883 4,621 4,174 4,608 5,683 7,668

Black or African American....... 9,436 119 951 1,954 1,734 1,725 1,535 1,419

Women....................................... 5,299 67 609 1,171 997 959 768 728

Men............................................. 4,137 52 341 783 737 766 767 691

Asian....................................... 2,920 44 164 520 458 446 535 751

Women....................................... 1,513 26 95 284 256 241 241 370

Men............................................. 1,406 19 69 235 202 205 294 381

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity...... 12,977 187 1,162 3,420 2,405 2,299 1,930 1,575

Women....................................... 5,503 103 672 1,656 975 963 661 472

Men............................................. 7,474 82 489 1,764 1,430 1,336 1,269 1,103

NOTE: Workers paid hourly rates represented 59 percent of all wage and salary workers in 2010. Estimates for the

race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented

for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Under 

$6.00

Characteristic $20.00

or 

more

$6.00

to

$7.99

$8.00

to

$9.99

$10.00

to

$11.99

$12.00

to

$14.99

$15.00

to

$19.99

Total 

employed

49
Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing 

federal minimum wage, by selected characteristics, 2010 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Workers paid hourly rates

Total at or below 

prevailing federal 

minimum wage

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and older....................................... 72,902 2,541 1,820 4,361 6.0

16 to 24 years............................................................... 14,061 1,180 955 2,135 15.2

16 to 19 years............................................................ 3,985 480 514 994 24.9

20 to 24 years............................................................ 10,076 700 441 1,141 11.3

25 years and older........................................................ 58,842 1,360 865 2,225 3.8

25 to 34 years............................................................ 16,827 573 271 844 5.0

35 to 44 years............................................................ 14,362 314 216 530 3.7

45 to 54 years............................................................ 15,316 257 200 457 3.0

55 to 64 years............................................................ 9,584 124 103 227 2.4

65 years and older..................................................... 2,753 92 75 167 6.1

Women, 16 years and older.................................. 37,404 1,598 1,151 2,749 7.3

16 to 24 years............................................................... 7,148 743 543 1,286 18.0

16 to 19 years............................................................ 2,096 304 277 581 27.7

At

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

Total

Number

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

Characteristic

Percent of 

workers 

paid hourly 

rates

y ,

20 to 24 years............................................................ 5,052 439 265 704 13.9

25 years and older........................................................ 30,256 855 608 1,463 4.8

25 to 34 years............................................................ 8,008 349 186 535 6.7

35 to 44 years............................................................ 7,239 191 147 338 4.7

45 to 54 years............................................................ 8,183 183 146 329 4.0

55 to 64 years............................................................ 5,317 76 73 149 2.8

65 years and older..................................................... 1,510 55 56 111 7.4

Men, 16 years and older........................................ 35,498 943 669 1,612 4.5

16 to 24 years............................................................... 6,913 438 413 851 12.3

16 to 19 years............................................................ 1,889 176 236 412 21.8

20 to 24 years............................................................ 5,024 261 176 437 8.7

25 years and older........................................................ 28,585 505 257 762 2.7

25 to 34 years............................................................ 8,819 223 85 308 3.5

35 to 44 years............................................................ 7,123 123 69 192 2.7

45 to 54 years............................................................ 7,133 74 54 128 1.8

55 to 64 years............................................................ 4,267 48 30 78 1.8

65 years and older..................................................... 1,243 37 19 56 4.5

See note at end of table.

50
Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing 

federal minimum wage, by selected characteristics, 2010 annual averages—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Workers paid hourly rates

Total at or below 

prevailing federal 

minimum wage

RACE, HISPANIC OR LATINO

ETHNICITY, AND SEX

White......................................................................... 58,529 2,015 1,414 3,429 5.9

Women.......................................................................... 29,580 1,299 875 2,174 7.3

Men............................................................................... 28,949 716 538 1,254 4.3

Black or African American......................................... 9,436 349 301 650 6.9

Women.......................................................................... 5,299 197 209 406 7.7

Men............................................................................... 4,137 152 92 244 5.9

Asian, 16 years and older......................................... 2,920 104 36 140 4.8

Women.......................................................................... 1,513 57 24 81 5.4

Men............................................................................... 1,406 47 12 59 4.2

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................... 12,977 462 360 822 6.3

Women 5 503 261 207 468 8 5

At

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

Total

Number

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

Characteristic

Percent of 

workers 

paid hourly 

rates

Women.......................................................................... 5,503 261 207 468 8.5

Men............................................................................... 7,474 201 154 355 4.7

FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS AND SEX1

Full-time workers....................................................... 52,803 1,039 595 1,634 3.1

Women.......................................................................... 24,229 595 340 935 3.9

Men............................................................................... 28,574 444 255 699 2.4

Part-time workers...................................................... 19,994 1,496 1,220 2,716 13.6

Women.......................................................................... 13,123 998 807 1,805 13.8

Men............................................................................... 6,871 498 413 911 13.3

1 The distinction between full-time and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data do not sum

to totals because full-time or part-time status on the principal or main job is not identifiable for a small number of

multiple jobholders.

NOTE: The prevailing federal minimum wage was $7.25 in 2010. (See Technical Note for more information about

minimum wage workers.) Estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not

sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino

may be of any race.

51
Table 12. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex 

and age, 1979–2010 annual averages

25 years and older

BOTH SEXES

1979.................. $241 $172 $144 $186 $265 $255 $280 $276 $262 $198

1980.................. 262 187 154 200 286 276 302 298 285 203

1981.................. 284 200 161 213 308 296 326 320 309 222

1982.................. 302 208 164 220 327 311 354 345 325 253

1983.................. 313 211 164 223 343 321 370 367 346 261

1984.................. 326 217 169 231 362 335 389 385 366 272

1985.................. 344 224 174 240 379 349 406 400 381 297

19861

.................. 359 232 178 248 391 360 419 416 397 298

1987.................. 374 243 186 259 403 373 435 429 405 310

1988.................. 385 249 196 266 414 383 450 453 419 323

1989.................. 399 259 204 276 427 394 472 472 431 334

19901

.................. 412 269 209 285 449 407 486 489 457 343

1991.................. 426 277 213 291 467 415 498 507 469 381

1992.................. 440 276 212 290 479 422 503 522 483 378

1993.................. 459 282 214 297 491 436 517 542 492 393

19941

.................. 467 286 221 300 500 439 537 566 501 384

1995.................. 479 292 231 306 510 451 550 582 514 389

1996.................. 490 298 240 312 520 463 559 594 535 384

19971

.................. 503 306 252 321 540 481 579 607 558 393

19981

.................. 523 319 268 339 572 502 597 620 592 405

19991 549 341 281 363 592 518 611 652 604 404

16 to 24 years

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years

Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

65 years

and older

45 to 54 

years

1999 .................. 549 341 281 363 592 518 611 652 604 404

20001.................. 576 361 297 383 609 549 625 669 620 463

2001.................. 596 375 305 394 630 576 657 693 638 488

2002.................. 608 381 305 399 646 591 668 706 674 502

20031

.................. 620 387 311 402 662 594 687 723 708 516

2004.................. 638 390 309 406 683 604 713 743 725 560

2005.................. 651 397 318 411 696 610 731 748 742 569

2006.................. 671 409 324 423 718 621 748 773 765 583

2007.................. 695 424 337 450 738 643 769 790 803 605

20081

.................. 722 443 349 467 761 666 804 822 825 644

2009.................. 739 442 344 464 774 678 817 838 841 684

2010.................. 747 432 347 454 782 682 824 844 860 684

See footnote at end of table.

52
Table 12. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex 

and age, 1979–2010 annual averages—Continued

25 years and older

WOMEN

1979.................. $182 $154 $132 $161 $195 $199 $196 $192 $189 $170

1980.................. 201 167 145 175 213 218 214 209 205 175

1981.................. 219 180 154 191 233 239 238 225 222 189

1982.................. 239 192 158 201 255 258 258 252 245 211

1983.................. 252 198 158 207 268 272 272 264 257 212

1984.................. 265 203 162 213 283 285 292 279 270 219

1985.................. 277 211 166 221 296 296 307 292 285 242

19861

.................. 291 219 170 231 308 306 319 308 296 256

1987.................. 303 227 172 242 321 316 337 324 308 261

1988.................. 315 235 184 251 335 327 354 339 317 280

1989.................. 328 246 197 260 351 340 370 357 333 292

19901

.................. 346 254 198 269 369 356 390 377 348 300

1991.................. 366 266 205 280 387 371 407 398 363 319

1992.................. 380 267 205 280 400 382 418 417 376 328

1993.................. 393 273 205 289 415 395 435 440 395 335

19941

.................. 399 276 211 290 421 397 448 450 398 336

1995.................. 406 275 215 291 428 403 453 464 403 353

1996.................. 418 284 223 298 444 415 463 481 420 334

19971

.................. 431 292 240 306 462 427 482 495 433 348

19981

.................. 456 305 249 319 485 451 498 516 476 350

19991 473 324 266 343 497 470 503 534 492 370

16 to 24 years

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years

Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

65 years

and older

45 to 54 

years

1999 .................. 473 324 266 343 497 470 503 534 492 370

20001.................. 493 344 283 366 516 493 521 564 508 392

2001.................. 512 353 288 375 543 512 547 587 536 390

2002.................. 529 367 295 385 568 530 571 602 574 430

20031

.................. 552 371 299 387 584 546 590 609 601 435

2004.................. 573 375 293 391 599 561 608 625 615 478

2005.................. 585 381 304 396 612 573 621 644 639 492

2006.................. 600 395 305 413 627 583 645 659 658 510

2007.................. 614 409 318 426 646 597 668 677 679 534

20081

.................. 638 420 322 445 670 623 682 707 711 563

2009.................. 657 424 323 445 687 634 709 712 727 602

2010.................. 669 422 336 439 704 648 731 730 736 601

See footnote at end of table.

53
Table 12. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex 

and age, 1979–2010 annual averages—Continued

25 years and older

MEN

1979.................. $292 $196 $155 $211 $314 $295 $336 $338 $312 $219

1980.................. 313 208 162 224 339 314 367 367 345 229

1981.................. 340 218 168 237 372 340 397 396 377 266

1982.................. 364 225 170 244 393 358 422 419 399 300

1983.................. 379 223 168 242 407 371 442 444 416 308

1984.................. 392 231 174 250 422 382 471 470 439 328

1985.................. 407 241 183 258 443 394 487 489 467 367

19861

.................. 419 246 186 264 463 402 499 506 484 358

1987.................. 434 257 196 275 477 412 510 520 495 380

1988.................. 449 262 205 279 487 421 517 549 509 395

1989.................. 468 271 209 290 500 434 542 569 521 393

19901

.................. 481 282 218 298 512 449 560 591 546 403

1991.................. 493 285 219 300 523 458 576 612 563 467

1992.................. 501 284 218 297 536 466 581 634 579 421

1993.................. 510 288 221 303 555 476 596 653 586 451

19941

.................. 522 294 228 307 576 479 617 671 603 441

1995.................. 538 303 244 315 588 490 624 685 623 441

1996.................. 557 307 251 321 599 499 632 698 643 477

19971

.................. 579 317 262 338 615 515 651 713 669 452

19981

.................. 598 334 281 357 639 544 677 732 699 482

19991 618 356 291 379 668 577 702 763 725 470

16 to 24 years

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years

Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

65 years

and older

45 to 54 

years

1999 .................. 618 356 291 379 668 577 702 763 725 470

20001.................. 641 375 306 395 693 598 728 771 735 522

2001.................. 670 391 319 408 720 617 754 799 760 565

2002.................. 679 391 312 410 732 627 759 807 802 583

20031

.................. 695 398 321 412 744 628 775 834 827 612

2004.................. 713 400 318 417 762 639 804 857 843 641

2005.................. 722 409 330 422 771 644 822 853 855 644

2006.................. 743 418 348 435 797 661 836 897 902 658

2007.................. 766 443 357 472 823 687 873 909 933 686

20081

.................. 798 461 369 481 857 704 915 944 943 753

2009.................. 819 458 356 479 873 715 916 967 965 791

2010.................. 824 443 355 468 874 714 915 954 979 794

See footnote at end of table.

54
Table 12. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex 

and age, 1979–2010 annual averages—Continued

25 years and older

WOMEN'S 

EARNINGS

AS PERCENT

 OF MEN'S 

1979.................. 62.3 78.6 85.2 76.3 62.1 67.5 58.3 56.8 60.6 77.6

1980.................. 64.2 80.3 89.5 78.1 62.8 69.4 58.3 56.9 59.4 76.4

1981.................. 64.4 82.6 91.7 80.6 62.6 70.3 59.9 56.8 58.9 71.1

1982.................. 65.7 85.3 92.9 82.4 64.9 72.1 61.1 60.1 61.4 70.3

1983.................. 66.5 88.8 94.0 85.5 65.8 73.3 61.5 59.5 61.8 68.8

1984.................. 67.6 87.9 93.1 85.2 67.1 74.6 62.0 59.4 61.5 66.8

1985.................. 68.1 87.6 90.7 85.7 66.8 75.1 63.0 59.7 61.0 65.9

19861

.................. 69.5 89.0 91.4 87.5 66.5 76.1 63.9 60.9 61.2 71.5

1987.................. 69.8 88.3 87.8 88.0 67.3 76.7 66.1 62.3 62.2 68.7

1988.................. 70.2 89.7 89.8 90.0 68.8 77.7 68.5 61.7 62.3 70.9

1989.................. 70.1 90.8 94.3 89.7 70.2 78.3 68.3 62.7 63.9 74.3

19901

.................. 71.9 90.1 90.8 90.3 72.1 79.3 69.6 63.8 63.7 74.4

1991.................. 74.2 93.3 93.6 93.3 74.0 81.0 70.7 65.0 64.5 68.3

1992.................. 75.8 94.0 94.0 94.3 74.6 82.0 71.9 65.8 64.9 77.9

1993.................. 77.1 94.8 92.8 95.4 74.8 83.0 73.0 67.4 67.4 74.3

19941

.................. 76.4 93.9 92.5 94.5 73.1 82.9 72.6 67.1 66.0 76.2

1995.................. 75.5 90.8 88.1 92.4 72.8 82.2 72.6 67.7 64.7 80.0

1996.................. 75.0 92.5 88.8 92.8 74.1 83.2 73.3 68.9 65.3 70.0

19971 74 4 92 1 91 6 90 5 75 1 82 9 74 0 69 4 64 7 77 0

16 to 24 years

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years

Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

65 years

and older

45 to 54 

years

19971.................. 74.4 92.1 91.6 90.5 75.1 82.9 74.0 69.4 64.7 77.0

19981.................. 76.3 91.3 88.6 89.4 75.9 82.9 73.6 70.5 68.1 72.6

19991

.................. 76.5 91.0 91.4 90.5 74.4 81.5 71.7 70.0 67.9 78.7

20001

.................. 76.9 91.7 92.5 92.7 74.5 82.4 71.6 73.2 69.1 75.1

2001.................. 76.4 90.3 90.3 91.9 75.4 83.0 72.5 73.5 70.5 69.0

2002.................. 77.9 93.9 94.6 93.9 77.6 84.5 75.2 74.6 71.6 73.8

20031

.................. 79.4 93.2 93.1 93.9 78.5 86.9 76.1 73.0 72.7 71.1

2004.................. 80.4 93.8 92.1 93.8 78.6 87.8 75.6 72.9 73.0 74.6

2005.................. 81.0 93.2 92.1 93.8 79.4 89.0 75.5 75.5 74.7 76.4

2006.................. 80.8 94.5 87.6 94.9 78.7 88.2 77.2 73.5 72.9 77.5

2007.................. 80.2 92.3 89.1 90.3 78.5 86.9 76.5 74.5 72.8 77.8

20081

.................. 79.9 91.1 87.3 92.5 78.2 88.5 74.5 74.9 75.4 74.8

2009.................. 80.2 92.6 90.7 92.9 78.7 88.7 77.4 73.6 75.3 76.1

2010.................. 81.2 95.3 94.6 93.8 80.5 90.8 79.9 76.5 75.2 75.7

1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and conceptual changes in

the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical Comparability section of the Household Data technical

documentation provided at www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.

55
Table 13. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2010) dollars,

by sex and age, 1979–2010 annual averages

25 years and older

BOTH SEXES

1979.................. $675 $482 $403 $521 $742 $714 $784 $773 $734 $555

1980.................. 660 471 388 504 720 695 761 751 718 511

1981.................. 653 460 370 490 708 680 749 736 710 510

1982.................. 655 451 356 477 709 675 768 748 705 549

1983.................. 651 439 341 464 713 667 769 763 719 543

1984.................. 651 433 337 461 723 669 776 768 731 543

1985.................. 664 432 336 463 732 674 784 772 736 573

19861

.................. 681 440 338 471 742 683 795 789 753 565

1987.................. 686 446 341 475 739 684 798 787 743 569

1988.................. 681 441 347 471 733 678 796 802 742 572

1989.................. 677 440 346 469 725 669 801 801 732 567

19901

.................. 666 435 338 460 725 658 785 790 738 554

1991.................. 665 432 332 454 729 647 777 791 732 594

1992.................. 670 420 323 441 729 642 766 795 735 575

1993.................. 682 419 318 441 730 648 768 805 731 584

19941

.................. 679 416 321 436 727 638 781 823 728 558

1995.................. 680 415 328 435 724 641 781 827 730 553

1996.................. 678 412 332 432 719 640 773 822 740 531

19971

.................. 681 414 341 434 731 651 783 821 755 532

19981

.................. 698 426 358 453 764 670 797 828 790 541

19991 718 446 367 475 774 677 799 852 790 528

16 to 24 years

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years

Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

65 years

and older

45 to 54 

years

1999 .................. 718 446 367 475 774 677 799 852 790 528

20001.................. 729 457 376 485 771 695 791 847 785 586

2001.................. 734 462 376 485 776 709 809 853 786 601

2002.................. 736 461 369 483 782 715 809 855 816 608

20031

.................. 735 459 368 476 784 704 814 857 839 611

2004.................. 736 450 356 468 788 697 822 857 836 646

2005.................. 727 443 355 459 777 681 816 835 828 635

2006.................. 725 442 350 457 776 671 809 836 827 630

2007.................. 731 446 354 473 776 676 809 831 844 636

20081

.................. 731 448 353 473 770 674 814 832 835 652

2009.................. 751 449 350 472 787 689 830 852 855 695

2010.................. 747 432 347 454 782 682 824 844 860 684

See footnote at end of table.

56
Table 13. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2010) dollars,

by sex and age, 1979–2010 annual averages—Continued

25 years and older

WOMEN

1979.................. $510 $431 $370 $451 $546 $557 $549 $538 $529 $476

1980.................. 506 421 365 441 537 549 539 526 516 441

1981.................. 503 414 354 439 536 549 547 517 510 434

1982.................. 518 416 343 436 553 560 560 547 531 458

1983.................. 524 412 328 430 557 565 565 549 534 441

1984.................. 529 405 323 425 565 569 583 557 539 437

1985.................. 535 407 320 427 571 571 593 564 550 467

19861

.................. 552 416 323 438 584 581 605 584 562 486

1987.................. 556 417 316 444 589 580 618 594 565 479

1988.................. 558 416 326 444 593 579 627 600 561 496

1989.................. 557 418 334 441 596 577 628 606 565 496

19901

.................. 559 410 320 435 596 575 630 609 562 485

1991.................. 571 415 320 437 604 579 635 621 566 498

1992.................. 578 406 312 426 609 581 636 635 572 499

1993.................. 584 406 305 429 617 587 646 654 587 498

19941

.................. 580 401 307 422 612 577 651 654 578 488

1995.................. 577 391 305 413 608 572 643 659 572 501

1996.................. 578 393 308 412 614 574 640 665 581 462

19971

.................. 583 395 325 414 625 578 652 670 586 471

19981

.................. 609 407 332 426 648 602 665 689 636 467

19991 618 424 348 448 650 614 658 698 643 484

16 to 24 years

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years

Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

65 years

and older

45 to 54 

years

1999 .................. 618 424 348 448 650 614 658 698 643 484

20001.................. 624 435 358 463 653 624 659 714 643 496

2001.................. 631 435 355 462 669 631 674 723 660 480

2002.................. 640 444 357 466 688 642 691 729 695 521

20031

.................. 654 440 354 459 692 647 699 722 712 515

2004.................. 661 433 338 451 691 647 701 721 709 551

2005.................. 653 425 339 442 683 640 693 719 713 549

2006.................. 649 427 330 446 678 630 697 712 711 551

2007.................. 646 430 334 448 679 628 702 712 714 562

20081

.................. 646 425 326 450 678 631 690 716 720 570

2009.................. 668 431 328 452 698 644 721 724 739 612

2010.................. 669 422 336 439 704 648 731 730 736 601

See footnote at end of table.

57
Table 13. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2010) dollars,

by sex and age, 1979–2010 annual averages—Continued

25 years and older

MEN

1979.................. $818 $549 $434 $591 $880 $826 $941 $947 $874 $613

1980.................. 788 524 408 564 854 791 924 924 869 577

1981.................. 782 501 386 545 855 782 913 910 867 611

1982.................. 790 488 369 529 852 777 915 909 866 651

1983.................. 788 464 349 503 846 771 919 923 865 640

1984.................. 782 461 347 499 842 762 940 938 876 655

1985.................. 786 465 353 498 855 761 940 944 902 708

19861

.................. 795 467 353 501 879 763 947 960 918 679

1987.................. 796 472 360 505 875 756 936 954 908 697

1988.................. 795 464 363 494 862 745 915 972 901 699

1989.................. 795 460 355 492 849 737 920 966 885 667

19901

.................. 777 456 352 481 827 725 905 955 882 651

1991.................. 769 445 342 468 816 715 899 955 878 729

1992.................. 763 432 332 452 816 709 884 965 881 641

1993.................. 758 428 328 450 825 707 886 970 871 670

19941

.................. 759 427 331 446 837 696 897 975 876 641

1995.................. 764 430 347 447 835 696 886 973 885 626

1996.................. 770 425 347 444 828 690 874 965 889 660

19971

.................. 783 429 355 457 832 697 881 965 905 612

19981

.................. 798 446 375 477 853 726 904 977 933 644

19991 808 465 380 495 873 754 918 997 948 614

16 to 24 years

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years

Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

65 years

and older

45 to 54 

years

1999 .................. 808 465 380 495 873 754 918 997 948 614

20001.................. 811 475 387 500 877 757 922 976 930 661

2001.................. 825 482 393 502 887 760 929 984 936 696

2002.................. 822 473 378 496 886 759 919 977 971 706

20031

.................. 823 472 380 488 882 744 918 988 980 725

2004.................. 822 461 367 481 879 737 927 988 972 739

2005.................. 806 456 368 471 860 719 917 952 954 719

2006.................. 803 452 376 470 862 715 904 970 975 711

2007.................. 805 466 375 496 865 722 918 956 981 721

20081

.................. 808 467 373 487 867 713 926 955 954 762

2009.................. 832 465 362 487 887 727 931 983 981 804

2010.................. 824 443 355 468 874 714 915 954 979 794

1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and conceptual changes in

the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical Comparability section of the Household Data technical

documentation provided at www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to

constant dollars. (See Technical Note.)

58
Table 14. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current

dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2010 annual averages 

BOTH SEXES

1979.......................................... $241 $248 $199 - $194

1980.......................................... 262 269 212 - 209

1981.......................................... 284 291 235 - 223

1982.......................................... 302 310 245 - 240

1983.......................................... 313 320 261 - 250

1984.......................................... 326 336 269 - 259

1985.......................................... 344 356 277 - 270

19861

......................................... 359 371 291 - 277

1987.......................................... 374 384 301 - 285

1988.......................................... 385 395 314 - 290

1989.......................................... 399 409 319 - 298

19901

.......................................... 412 424 329 - 304

1991.......................................... 426 442 348 - 312

1992.......................................... 440 458 357 - 321

1993.......................................... 459 475 369 - 331

19941

.......................................... 467 484 371 - 324

1995.......................................... 479 494 383 - 329

1996.......................................... 490 506 387 - 339

19971

.......................................... 503 519 400 - 351

19981

.......................................... 523 545 426 - 370

19991 549 573 445 - 385

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years and 

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

1999 .......................................... 549 573 445 - 385

20001.......................................... 576 590 474 $615 399

2001.......................................... 596 610 491 639 417

2002.......................................... 608 623 498 658 424

20031

.......................................... 620 636 514 693 440

2004.......................................... 638 657 525 708 456

2005.......................................... 651 672 520 753 471

2006.......................................... 671 690 554 784 486

2007.......................................... 695 716 569 830 503

20081

.......................................... 722 742 589 861 529

2009.......................................... 739 757 601 880 541

2010.......................................... 747 765 611 855 535

See footnote at end of table.

59
Table 14. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current

dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2010 annual 

averages—Continued

WOMEN

1979.......................................... $182 $184 $169 - $157

1980.......................................... 201 203 185 - 172

1981.......................................... 219 221 206 - 190

1982.......................................... 239 242 217 - 203

1983.......................................... 252 254 232 - 215

1984.......................................... 265 268 241 - 223

1985.......................................... 277 281 252 - 230

19861

......................................... 291 294 264 - 241

1987.......................................... 303 307 276 - 251

1988.......................................... 315 318 288 - 260

1989.......................................... 328 334 301 - 269

19901

.......................................... 346 353 308 - 278

1991.......................................... 366 373 323 - 292

1992.......................................... 380 387 335 - 302

1993.......................................... 393 401 348 - 313

19941

.......................................... 399 408 346 - 305

1995.......................................... 406 415 355 - 305

1996.......................................... 418 428 362 - 316

19971

.......................................... 431 444 375 - 318

19981 456 468 400 337

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years and 

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

1998 .......................................... 456 468 400 - 337

19991.......................................... 473 483 409 - 348

20001

.......................................... 493 502 429 $547 366

2001.......................................... 512 522 454 563 388

2002.......................................... 529 547 473 566 397

20031

.......................................... 552 567 491 598 410

2004.......................................... 573 584 505 613 419

2005.......................................... 585 596 499 665 429

2006.......................................... 600 609 519 699 440

2007.......................................... 614 626 533 731 473

20081

.......................................... 638 654 554 753 501

2009.......................................... 657 669 582 779 509

2010.......................................... 669 684 592 773 508

See footnote at end of table.

60
Table 14. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current

dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2010 annual 

averages—Continued

MEN

1979.......................................... $292 $298 $227 - $219

1980.......................................... 313 320 244 - 234

1981.......................................... 340 350 268 - 251

1982.......................................... 364 375 278 - 269

1983.......................................... 379 387 294 - 274

1984.......................................... 392 401 303 - 287

1985.......................................... 407 418 305 - 296

19861

......................................... 419 433 319 - 299

1987.......................................... 434 450 327 - 306

1988.......................................... 449 465 348 - 308

1989.......................................... 468 482 348 - 315

19901

.......................................... 481 494 361 - 318

1991.......................................... 493 506 375 - 323

1992.......................................... 501 514 380 - 339

1993.......................................... 510 524 392 - 346

19941

.......................................... 522 547 400 - 343

1995.......................................... 538 566 411 - 350

1996.......................................... 557 580 412 - 356

19971

.......................................... 579 595 432 - 371

19981 598 615 468 390

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years and 

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

1998 .......................................... 598 615 468 - 390

19991.......................................... 618 638 488 - 406

20001

.......................................... 641 662 510 $685 417

2001.......................................... 670 689 529 732 440

2002.......................................... 679 702 524 756 451

20031

.......................................... 695 715 555 772 464

2004.......................................... 713 732 569 802 480

2005.......................................... 722 743 559 825 489

2006.......................................... 743 761 591 882 505

2007.......................................... 766 788 600 936 520

20081

.......................................... 798 825 620 966 559

2009.......................................... 819 845 621 952 569

2010.......................................... 824 850 633 936 560

See footnote at end of table.

61
Table 14. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current

dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2010 annual 

averages—Continued

WOMEN'S EARNINGS

AS PERCENT OF MEN'S 

1979.......................................... 62.3 61.7 74.4 - 71.7

1980.......................................... 64.2 63.4 75.8 - 73.5

1981.......................................... 64.4 63.1 76.9 - 75.7

1982.......................................... 65.7 64.5 78.1 - 75.5

1983.......................................... 66.5 65.6 78.9 - 78.5

1984.......................................... 67.6 66.8 79.5 - 77.7

1985.......................................... 68.1 67.2 82.6 - 77.7

19861

......................................... 69.5 67.9 82.8 - 80.6

1987.......................................... 69.8 68.2 84.4 - 82.0

1988.......................................... 70.2 68.4 82.8 - 84.4

1989.......................................... 70.1 69.3 86.5 - 85.4

19901

.......................................... 71.9 71.5 85.3 - 87.4

1991.......................................... 74.2 73.7 86.1 - 90.4

1992.......................................... 75.8 75.3 88.2 - 89.1

1993.......................................... 77.1 76.5 88.8 - 90.5

19941

.......................................... 76.4 74.6 86.5 - 88.9

1995.......................................... 75.5 73.3 86.4 - 87.1

1996.......................................... 75.0 73.8 87.9 - 88.8

19971

.......................................... 74.4 74.6 86.8 - 85.7

19981 76 3 76 1 85 5 86 4

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years and 

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

19981.......................................... 76.3 76.1 85.5 - 86.4

19991.......................................... 76.5 75.7 83.8 - 85.7

20001

.......................................... 76.9 75.8 84.1 79.9 87.8

2001.......................................... 76.4 75.8 85.8 76.9 88.2

2002.......................................... 77.9 77.9 90.3 74.9 88.0

20031

.......................................... 79.4 79.3 88.5 77.5 88.4

2004.......................................... 80.4 79.8 88.8 76.4 87.3

2005.......................................... 81.0 80.2 89.3 80.6 87.7

2006.......................................... 80.8 80.0 87.8 79.3 87.1

2007.......................................... 80.2 79.4 88.8 78.1 91.0

20081

.......................................... 79.9 79.3 89.4 78.0 89.6

2009.......................................... 80.2 79.2 93.7 81.8 89.5

2010.......................................... 81.2 80.5 93.5 82.6 90.7

1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and

conceptual changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical

Comparability section of the Household Data technical documentation provided at www.bls.gov/cps/

eetech_methods.pdf.

NOTE: As of 2003, estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian)

include persons who selected that race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not

included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified

as the main race. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Asian data

for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data

for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. Dash indicates data not available.

62
Table 15. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in 

constant (2010) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 

1979–2010 annual averages 

BOTH SEXES

1979.......................................... $675 $695 $557 - $543

1980.......................................... 660 678 534 - 526

1981.......................................... 653 669 540 - 513

1982.......................................... 655 672 531 - 521

1983.......................................... 651 665 543 - 520

1984.......................................... 651 671 537 - 517

1985.......................................... 664 687 535 - 521

19861

......................................... 681 704 552 - 526

1987.......................................... 686 705 552 - 523

1988.......................................... 681 699 556 - 513

1989.......................................... 677 694 542 - 506

19901

.......................................... 666 685 532 - 491

1991.......................................... 665 690 543 - 487

1992.......................................... 670 697 543 - 489

1993.......................................... 682 706 548 - 492

19941

.......................................... 679 703 539 - 471

1995.......................................... 680 702 544 - 467

1996.......................................... 678 700 535 - 469

19971

.......................................... 681 702 541 - 475

19981 698 728 569 494

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years and 

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

1998 .......................................... 698 728 569 - 494

19991.......................................... 718 749 582 - 503

20001

.......................................... 729 747 600 $778 505

2001.......................................... 734 751 605 787 514

2002.......................................... 736 754 603 797 513

20031

.......................................... 735 754 609 821 521

2004.......................................... 736 758 606 817 526

2005.......................................... 727 750 580 840 526

2006.......................................... 725 746 599 848 525

2007.......................................... 731 753 598 873 529

20081

.......................................... 731 751 596 871 535

2009.......................................... 751 769 611 894 550

2010.......................................... 747 765 611 855 535

See footnote at end of table.

63
Table 15. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in 

constant (2010) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 

1979–2010 annual averages—Continued

WOMEN

1979.......................................... $510 $515 $473 - $440

1980.......................................... 506 511 466 - 433

1981.......................................... 503 508 474 - 437

1982.......................................... 518 525 471 - 440

1983.......................................... 524 528 482 - 447

1984.......................................... 529 535 481 - 445

1985.......................................... 535 542 486 - 444

19861

......................................... 552 558 501 - 457

1987.......................................... 556 563 506 - 461

1988.......................................... 558 563 510 - 460

1989.......................................... 557 567 511 - 457

19901

.......................................... 559 570 498 - 449

1991.......................................... 571 582 504 - 456

1992.......................................... 578 589 510 - 460

1993.......................................... 584 596 517 - 465

19941

.......................................... 580 593 503 - 443

1995.......................................... 577 589 504 - 433

1996.......................................... 578 592 501 - 437

19971

.......................................... 583 601 507 - 430

19981 609 625 534 450

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years and 

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

1998 .......................................... 609 625 534 - 450

19991.......................................... 618 631 535 - 455

20001

.......................................... 624 635 543 $692 463

2001.......................................... 631 643 559 693 478

2002.......................................... 640 662 573 685 481

20031

.......................................... 654 672 582 709 486

2004.......................................... 661 674 582 707 483

2005.......................................... 653 665 557 742 479

2006.......................................... 649 658 561 756 476

2007.......................................... 646 658 560 769 497

20081

.......................................... 646 662 561 762 507

2009.......................................... 668 680 591 792 517

2010.......................................... 669 684 592 773 508

See footnote at end of table.

64
Table 15. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in 

constant (2010) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 

1979–2010 annual averages—Continued

MEN

1979.......................................... $818 $835 $636 - $613

1980.......................................... 788 806 615 - 589

1981.......................................... 782 805 616 - 577

1982.......................................... 790 813 603 - 584

1983.......................................... 788 805 611 - 570

1984.......................................... 782 800 605 - 573

1985.......................................... 786 807 589 - 571

19861

......................................... 795 822 605 - 567

1987.......................................... 796 826 600 - 561

1988.......................................... 795 823 616 - 545

1989.......................................... 795 818 591 - 535

19901

.......................................... 777 798 583 - 514

1991.......................................... 769 789 585 - 504

1992.......................................... 763 782 578 - 516

1993.......................................... 758 779 582 - 514

19941

.......................................... 759 795 581 - 499

1995.......................................... 764 804 584 - 497

1996.......................................... 770 802 570 - 492

19971

.......................................... 783 805 585 - 502

19981 798 821 625 521

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years and 

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

1998 .......................................... 798 821 625 - 521

19991.......................................... 808 834 638 - 531

20001

.......................................... 811 838 646 $867 528

2001.......................................... 825 849 651 901 542

2002.......................................... 822 850 634 915 546

20031

.......................................... 823 847 658 915 550

2004.......................................... 822 844 656 925 554

2005.......................................... 806 829 624 921 546

2006.......................................... 803 823 639 954 546

2007.......................................... 805 829 631 984 547

20081

.......................................... 808 835 628 978 566

2009.......................................... 832 859 631 967 578

2010.......................................... 824 850 633 936 560

1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and

conceptual changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical

Comparability section of the Household Data technical documentation provided at www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_

methods.pdf.

NOTE: As of 2003, estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian)

include persons who selected that race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not

included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified

as the main race. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Asian data

for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data

for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. Dash indicates data not available. The Consumer Price Index

research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant dollars. (See

Technical Note.)

65
Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and

older, in current dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2010 annual averages 

BOTH SEXES

1979.......................................... $265 $210 $249 $282 $344

1980.......................................... 286 222 266 304 376

1981.......................................... 308 240 286 324 407

1982.......................................... 327 248 302 351 438

1983.......................................... 343 256 311 363 461

1984.......................................... 362 263 323 382 486

1985.......................................... 379 270 333 399 506

19861

........................................ 391 278 344 409 525

1987.......................................... 403 284 356 421 564

1988.......................................... 414 288 368 430 585

1989.......................................... 427 297 375 452 609

19901

....................................... 449 303 386 476 638

1991.......................................... 467 307 397 489 666

1992.......................................... 479 311 403 484 696

1993.......................................... 491 314 415 494 715

19941

....................................... 500 307 421 499 733

1995.......................................... 510 309 432 508 747

1996.......................................... 520 317 443 518 758

19971

....................................... 540 321 461 535 779

19981

....................................... 572 337 479 558 821

Year and sex

Total, 

25 years 

and older

Less than a 

high school 

diploma

High

school, 

no college

Some 

college or 

associate's 

degree

Bachelor's 

degree and 

higher

19991....................................... 592 346 490 580 860

20001

....................................... 609 362 505 596 891

2001.......................................... 630 382 520 617 921

2002.......................................... 646 388 535 629 941

20031

....................................... 662 396 554 639 964

2004.......................................... 683 401 574 661 986

2005.......................................... 696 409 583 670 1,013

2006.......................................... 718 419 595 692 1,039

2007.......................................... 738 428 604 704 1,072

20081

....................................... 761 453 618 722 1,115

2009.......................................... 774 454 626 726 1,137

2010.......................................... 782 444 626 734 1,144

See footnote at end of table.

66
Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and

older, in current dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2010 annual 

averages—Continued

WOMEN

1979.......................................... $195 $152 $185 $211 $264

1980.......................................... 213 164 201 231 290

1981.......................................... 233 175 217 255 318

1982.......................................... 255 184 236 274 346

1983.......................................... 268 195 246 288 369

1984.......................................... 283 200 259 305 390

1985.......................................... 296 202 268 317 414

19861

........................................ 308 208 277 330 436

1987.......................................... 321 214 288 347 466

1988.......................................... 335 221 298 360 485

1989.......................................... 351 231 304 379 507

19901

....................................... 369 240 315 395 535

1991.......................................... 387 250 328 409 562

1992.......................................... 400 256 337 407 594

1993.......................................... 415 263 347 422 611

19941

....................................... 421 257 351 423 634

1995.......................................... 428 262 356 427 644

1996.......................................... 444 268 365 442 657

19971

....................................... 462 275 378 459 672

Year and sex

Total, 

25 years 

and older

Less than a 

high school 

diploma

High

school, 

no college

Some 

college or 

associate's 

degree

Bachelor's 

degree and 

higher

19981....................................... 485 283 396 476 707

19991

....................................... 497 290 405 488 740

20001

....................................... 516 304 420 505 756

2001.......................................... 543 316 443 520 786

2002.......................................... 568 325 458 543 809

20031

....................................... 584 329 474 560 832

2004.......................................... 599 334 488 577 860

2005.......................................... 612 341 493 587 883

2006.......................................... 627 358 500 602 905

2007.......................................... 646 369 512 609 932

20081

....................................... 670 378 520 628 955

2009.......................................... 687 382 542 630 970

2010.......................................... 704 388 543 638 986

See footnote at end of table.

67
Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and

older, in current dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2010 annual 

averages—Continued

MEN

1979.......................................... $314 $252 $308 $329 $396

1980.......................................... 339 267 327 358 427

1981.......................................... 372 286 356 389 475

1982.......................................... 393 293 374 411 503

1983.......................................... 407 301 388 422 518

1984.......................................... 422 308 399 446 562

1985.......................................... 443 314 407 472 590

19861

........................................ 463 321 416 485 618

1987.......................................... 477 324 423 497 653

1988.......................................... 487 332 437 503 679

1989.......................................... 500 346 450 517 705

19901

....................................... 512 349 459 542 741

1991.......................................... 523 349 470 563 764

1992.......................................... 536 351 479 555 791

1993.......................................... 555 356 487 572 806

19941

....................................... 576 342 496 587 826

1995.......................................... 588 347 507 596 845

1996.......................................... 599 357 516 604 874

19971

....................................... 615 365 535 621 896

Year and sex

Total, 

25 years 

and older

Less than a 

high school 

diploma

High

school, 

no college

Some 

college or 

associate's 

degree

Bachelor's 

degree and 

higher

19981....................................... 639 383 559 643 939

19991

....................................... 668 395 580 665 977

20001

....................................... 693 406 591 691 1,020

2001.......................................... 720 419 609 723 1,067

2002.......................................... 732 421 617 731 1,090

20031

....................................... 744 429 628 740 1,131

2004.......................................... 762 446 645 761 1,143

2005.......................................... 771 455 652 766 1,167

2006.......................................... 797 469 678 796 1,205

2007.......................................... 823 481 689 810 1,243

20081

....................................... 857 497 709 830 1,285

2009.......................................... 873 500 716 835 1,327

2010.......................................... 874 486 710 845 1,330

See footnote at end of table.

68
Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and

older, in current dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2010 annual 

averages—Continued

WOMEN'S EARNINGS

AS PERCENT OF MEN'S 

1979.......................................... 62.1 60.3 60.1 64.1 66.7

1980.......................................... 62.8 61.4 61.5 64.5 67.9

1981.......................................... 62.6 61.2 61.0 65.6 66.9

1982.......................................... 64.9 62.8 63.1 66.7 68.8

1983.......................................... 65.8 64.8 63.4 68.2 71.2

1984.......................................... 67.1 64.9 64.9 68.4 69.4

1985.......................................... 66.8 64.3 65.8 67.2 70.2

19861

........................................ 66.5 64.8 66.6 68.0 70.6

1987.......................................... 67.3 66.0 68.1 69.8 71.4

1988.......................................... 68.8 66.6 68.2 71.6 71.4

1989.......................................... 70.2 66.8 67.6 73.3 71.9

19901

....................................... 72.1 68.8 68.6 72.9 72.2

1991.......................................... 74.0 71.6 69.8 72.6 73.6

1992.......................................... 74.6 72.9 70.4 73.3 75.1

1993.......................................... 74.8 73.9 71.3 73.8 75.8

19941

....................................... 73.1 75.1 70.8 72.1 76.8

1995.......................................... 72.8 75.5 70.2 71.6 76.2

1996.......................................... 74.1 75.1 70.7 73.2 75.2

Year and sex

Total, 

25 years 

and older

Less than a 

high school 

diploma

High

school, 

no college

Some 

college or 

associate's 

degree

Bachelor's 

degree and 

higher

19971....................................... 75.1 75.3 70.7 73.9 75.0

19981

....................................... 75.9 73.9 70.8 74.0 75.3

19991

....................................... 74.4 73.4 69.8 73.4 75.7

20001

....................................... 74.5 74.9 71.1 73.1 74.1

2001.......................................... 75.4 75.4 72.7 71.9 73.7

2002.......................................... 77.6 77.2 74.2 74.3 74.2

20031

....................................... 78.5 76.7 75.5 75.7 73.6

2004.......................................... 78.6 74.9 75.7 75.8 75.2

2005.......................................... 79.4 74.9 75.6 76.6 75.7

2006.......................................... 78.7 76.3 73.7 75.6 75.1

2007.......................................... 78.5 76.7 74.3 75.2 75.0

20081

....................................... 78.2 76.1 73.3 75.7 74.3

2009.......................................... 78.7 76.4 75.7 75.4 73.1

2010.......................................... 80.5 79.8 76.5 75.5 74.1

1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and

conceptual changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical

Comparability section of the Household Data technical documentation provided at www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_

methods.pdf.

69
Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years 

and older, in constant (2010) dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 

1979–2010 annual averages 

BOTH SEXES

1979.......................................... $742 $588 $697 $790 $964

1980.......................................... 720 559 670 766 947

1981.......................................... 708 552 657 745 936

1982.......................................... 709 538 655 761 950

1983.......................................... 713 532 647 755 958

1984.......................................... 723 525 645 762 970

1985.......................................... 732 521 643 770 977

19861

........................................ 742 528 653 776 996

1987.......................................... 739 521 653 772 1,035

1988.......................................... 733 510 651 761 1,035

1989.......................................... 725 504 637 767 1,034

19901

....................................... 725 489 624 769 1,031

1991.......................................... 729 479 619 763 1,039

1992.......................................... 729 473 613 737 1,059

1993.......................................... 730 467 617 734 1,062

19941

....................................... 727 446 612 725 1,065

1995.......................................... 724 439 614 722 1,061

1996.......................................... 719 438 613 716 1,048

19971

....................................... 731 434 624 724 1,054

Year and sex

Total, 

25 years 

and older

Less than a 

high school 

diploma

High

school, 

no college

Some 

college or 

associate's 

degree

Bachelor's 

degree and 

higher

,

19981....................................... 764 450 640 745 1,096

19991

....................................... 774 452 641 758 1,124

20001

....................................... 771 458 639 754 1,128

2001.......................................... 776 470 640 760 1,134

2002.......................................... 782 470 648 762 1,139

20031

....................................... 784 469 656 757 1,142

2004.......................................... 788 463 662 762 1,137

2005.......................................... 777 456 651 748 1,131

2006.......................................... 776 453 643 748 1,123

2007.......................................... 776 450 635 740 1,127

20081

....................................... 770 459 626 731 1,129

2009.......................................... 787 461 636 738 1,155

2010.......................................... 782 444 626 734 1,144

See footnote at end of table.

70
Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years 

and older, in constant (2010) dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 

1979–2010 annual averages—Continued

WOMEN

1979.......................................... $546 $426 $518 $591 $739

1980.......................................... 537 413 506 582 730

1981.......................................... 536 402 499 586 731

1982.......................................... 553 399 512 594 751

1983.......................................... 557 405 511 599 767

1984.......................................... 565 399 517 609 778

1985.......................................... 571 390 517 612 799

19861

........................................ 584 395 526 626 827

1987.......................................... 589 393 528 637 855

1988.......................................... 593 391 527 637 858

1989.......................................... 596 392 516 643 861

19901

....................................... 596 388 509 638 864

1991.......................................... 604 390 512 638 877

1992.......................................... 609 390 513 619 904

1993.......................................... 617 391 516 627 908

19941

....................................... 612 374 510 615 922

1995.......................................... 608 372 506 607 915

1996.......................................... 614 371 505 611 909

19971

....................................... 625 372 512 621 909

Year and sex

Total, 

25 years 

and older

Less than a 

high school 

diploma

High

school, 

no college

Some 

college or 

associate's 

degree

Bachelor's 

degree and 

higher

19981....................................... 648 378 529 636 944

19991

....................................... 650 379 529 638 967

20001

....................................... 653 385 532 639 957

2001.......................................... 669 389 546 640 968

2002.......................................... 688 393 554 657 979

20031

....................................... 692 390 562 664 986

2004.......................................... 691 385 563 666 992

2005.......................................... 683 381 550 655 985

2006.......................................... 678 387 541 651 978

2007.......................................... 679 388 538 640 980

20081

....................................... 678 383 526 636 967

2009.......................................... 698 388 551 640 986

2010.......................................... 704 388 543 638 986

See footnote at end of table.

71
Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years 

and older, in constant (2010) dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 

1979–2010 annual averages—Continued

MEN

1979.......................................... $880 $706 $863 $922 $1,109

1980.......................................... 854 673 824 902 1,076

1981.......................................... 855 657 818 894 1,092

1982.......................................... 852 636 811 892 1,091

1983.......................................... 846 626 807 877 1,077

1984.......................................... 842 615 796 890 1,122

1985.......................................... 855 606 786 911 1,139

19861

........................................ 879 609 789 920 1,173

1987.......................................... 875 594 776 912 1,198

1988.......................................... 862 588 773 890 1,202

1989.......................................... 849 587 764 878 1,197

19901

....................................... 827 564 742 876 1,197

1991.......................................... 816 544 733 878 1,192

1992.......................................... 816 534 729 845 1,204

1993.......................................... 825 529 724 850 1,198

19941

....................................... 837 497 721 853 1,201

1995.......................................... 835 493 720 847 1,200

1996.......................................... 828 494 714 835 1,209

19971

....................................... 832 494 724 840 1,212

Year and sex

Total, 

25 years 

and older

Less than a 

high school 

diploma

High

school, 

no college

Some 

college or 

associate's 

degree

Bachelor's 

degree and 

higher

,

19981....................................... 853 511 746 858 1,254

19991

....................................... 873 516 758 869 1,277

20001

....................................... 877 514 748 875 1,291

2001.......................................... 887 516 750 890 1,314

2002.......................................... 886 510 747 885 1,320

20031

....................................... 882 508 744 877 1,340

2004.......................................... 879 514 744 878 1,318

2005.......................................... 860 508 728 855 1,302

2006.......................................... 862 507 733 861 1,303

2007.......................................... 865 506 725 852 1,307

20081

....................................... 867 503 718 840 1,301

2009.......................................... 887 508 728 849 1,349

2010.......................................... 874 486 710 845 1,330

1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and

conceptual changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical

Comparability section of the Household Data technical documentation provided at www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_

methods.pdf.

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert

current dollars to constant dollars. (See Technical Note.)

72
Table 18. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex 

and age, 1979–2010 annual averages

25 years and older

BOTH SEXES

1979.................. $4.44 $3.49 $3.10 $4.02 $5.11 $5.20 $5.29 $5.16 $4.97 $3.23

1980.................. 4.82 3.71 3.22 4.29 5.55 5.66 5.76 5.65 5.39 3.56

1981.................. 5.15 3.97 3.58 4.61 5.99 6.09 6.20 6.01 5.81 3.92

1982.................. 5.40 4.05 3.60 4.66 6.28 6.35 6.61 6.42 6.11 4.12

1983.................. 5.59 4.08 3.61 4.69 6.55 6.50 6.91 6.73 6.41 4.40

1984.................. 5.83 4.18 3.65 4.82 6.84 6.77 7.17 7.08 6.62 4.63

1985.................. 6.03 4.26 3.67 4.94 7.05 6.92 7.49 7.37 6.91 4.74

19861

.................. 6.20 4.41 3.71 5.06 7.23 7.01 7.79 7.73 7.17 4.97

1987.................. 6.47 4.59 3.81 5.21 7.46 7.19 7.94 7.86 7.42 5.08

1988.................. 6.73 4.79 4.03 5.38 7.74 7.43 8.17 8.16 7.48 5.23

1989.................. 6.99 4.95 4.22 5.65 7.94 7.64 8.56 8.42 7.82 5.42

19901

.................. 7.23 5.16 4.49 5.91 8.16 7.90 8.82 8.79 8.02 5.75

1991.................. 7.50 5.26 4.69 6.00 8.48 8.04 9.17 9.11 8.19 5.94

1992.................. 7.72 5.37 4.73 6.03 8.73 8.17 9.38 9.52 8.48 6.14

1993.................. 7.87 5.51 4.80 6.15 8.95 8.27 9.61 9.86 8.90 6.39

19941

.................. 8.01 5.62 4.91 6.22 9.12 8.38 9.92 10.02 9.02 6.39

1995.................. 8.17 5.80 5.04 6.42 9.36 8.71 10.02 10.13 9.20 6.65

1996.................. 8.40 5.94 5.17 6.69 9.62 8.82 10.14 10.24 9.39 6.77

19971

.................. 8.75 6.15 5.51 6.91 9.87 9.04 10.36 10.60 9.73 6.89

19981

.................. 9.10 6.58 5.88 7.24 10.13 9.65 10.86 10.96 10.08 7.40

19991 9 53 6 87 6 08 7 74 10 47 9 98 11 02 11 33 10 38 7 70

16 to 24 years

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and 

older

Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years

Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

45 to 54 

years

65 years

and 

older

19991.................. 9.53 6.87 6.08 7.74 10.47 9.98 11.02 11.33 10.38 7.70

20001.................. 9.91 7.24 6.41 8.07 10.88 10.18 11.35 11.82 10.82 8.05

2001.................. 10.19 7.69 6.76 8.38 11.40 10.67 11.97 12.17 11.37 8.53

2002.................. 10.47 7.81 6.91 8.47 11.83 10.98 12.18 12.46 11.85 9.07

20031

.................. 10.85 7.90 6.93 8.66 12.05 11.25 12.46 12.97 12.19 9.19

2004.................. 11.00 7.98 7.00 8.78 12.23 11.37 12.89 13.23 12.58 9.62

2005.................. 11.19 8.07 7.05 8.91 12.48 11.76 13.11 13.48 12.95 9.93

2006.................. 11.76 8.24 7.23 9.16 12.94 11.95 13.49 14.03 13.33 10.15

2007.................. 11.95 8.65 7.57 9.66 13.16 12.05 13.93 14.39 13.71 10.37

20081

.................. 12.23 8.87 7.84 9.76 13.81 12.50 14.38 14.87 14.20 10.89

2009.................. 12.44 8.90 7.92 9.77 13.91 12.60 14.59 14.85 14.70 11.49

2010.................. 12.50 8.90 8.00 9.53 13.98 12.53 14.61 14.98 14.89 11.55

See footnote at end of table.

73
Table 18. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex 

and age, 1979–2010 annual averages—Continued

25 years and older

WOMEN

1979.................. $3.62 $3.19 $3.03 $3.52 $3.90 $4.04 $3.97 $3.84 $3.75 $3.12

1980.................. 3.95 3.45 3.14 3.79 4.24 4.44 4.29 4.23 4.08 3.38

1981.................. 4.28 3.71 3.52 4.09 4.69 4.89 4.77 4.59 4.43 3.71

1982.................. 4.61 3.78 3.55 4.19 5.02 5.19 5.08 4.95 4.80 3.93

1983.................. 4.80 3.82 3.55 4.26 5.23 5.44 5.31 5.19 5.07 4.16

1984.................. 4.97 3.93 3.59 4.36 5.48 5.60 5.61 5.51 5.27 4.37

1985.................. 5.13 4.01 3.61 4.56 5.73 5.79 5.91 5.76 5.46 4.43

19861

.................. 5.33 4.11 3.65 4.71 5.95 5.95 6.13 5.99 5.75 4.73

1987.................. 5.60 4.22 3.71 4.89 6.16 6.14 6.35 6.28 6.03 4.85

1988.................. 5.84 4.48 3.91 5.05 6.44 6.36 6.76 6.59 6.08 5.12

1989.................. 6.11 4.69 4.10 5.23 6.78 6.68 7.10 6.90 6.38 5.14

19901

.................. 6.44 4.95 4.35 5.57 7.07 7.01 7.37 7.16 6.73 5.45

1991.................. 6.75 5.08 4.64 5.71 7.34 7.19 7.73 7.61 6.95 5.76

1992.................. 6.96 5.16 4.69 5.77 7.65 7.45 7.99 7.94 7.20 5.97

1993.................. 7.12 5.27 4.73 5.96 7.87 7.61 8.16 8.18 7.56 6.18

19941

.................. 7.25 5.32 4.83 5.98 8.05 7.78 8.44 8.46 7.82 6.24

1995.................. 7.46 5.49 4.94 6.09 8.17 7.92 8.63 8.72 7.93 6.45

1996.................. 7.73 5.68 5.09 6.26 8.43 8.06 8.89 8.94 8.07 6.45

19971

.................. 7.94 5.95 5.42 6.55 8.75 8.20 9.14 9.26 8.31 6.83

19981

.................. 8.23 6.24 5.78 6.93 9.13 8.80 9.66 9.78 8.85 7.21

19991 8 64 6 60 5 98 7 22 9 53 9 10 9 83 9 95 9 33 7 50

16 to 24 years

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and 

older

Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years

Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

45 to 54 

years

65 years

and 

older

19991.................. 8.64 6.60 5.98 7.22 9.53 9.10 9.83 9.95 9.33 7.50

20001.................. 9.06 7.00 6.23 7.80 9.89 9.69 10.03 10.18 9.84 7.87

2001.................. 9.64 7.25 6.61 8.00 10.20 9.94 10.44 10.85 10.39 8.14

2002.................. 9.89 7.45 6.80 8.11 10.71 10.12 10.98 11.18 10.81 8.73

20031

.................. 10.08 7.59 6.85 8.19 11.01 10.51 11.17 11.79 11.05 8.84

2004.................. 10.17 7.71 6.86 8.32 11.23 10.62 11.45 11.95 11.57 9.16

2005.................. 10.31 7.80 6.92 8.50 11.58 10.86 11.84 12.13 11.86 9.82

2006.................. 10.65 7.99 7.11 8.82 11.87 11.07 12.05 12.26 12.12 9.97

2007.................. 10.98 8.15 7.41 9.00 12.05 11.21 12.36 12.85 12.23 10.15

20081

.................. 11.49 8.43 7.71 9.16 12.48 11.72 12.89 13.16 13.00 10.53

2009.................. 11.76 8.58 7.82 9.19 12.76 11.96 13.00 13.09 13.59 11.11

2010.................. 11.83 8.62 7.91 9.08 12.88 12.04 13.12 13.50 13.68 11.18

See footnote at end of table.

74
Table 18. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex 

and age, 1979–2010 annual averages—Continued

25 years and older

MEN

1979.................. $5.65 $3.90 $3.19 $4.64 $6.69 $6.38 $7.12 $7.10 $6.59 $3.56

1980.................. 6.10 4.10 3.37 4.92 7.22 6.93 7.81 7.78 7.24 3.79

1981.................. 6.57 4.31 3.64 5.11 7.78 7.33 8.30 8.49 7.88 4.21

1982.................. 6.85 4.38 3.66 5.12 8.08 7.67 8.89 8.88 8.14 4.46

1983.................. 6.92 4.38 3.67 5.05 8.31 7.74 9.22 9.16 8.74 4.75

1984.................. 7.12 4.57 3.72 5.16 8.60 7.88 9.51 9.69 8.86 4.91

1985.................. 7.33 4.68 3.75 5.23 8.85 8.00 9.80 9.97 9.04 4.99

19861

.................. 7.59 4.79 3.82 5.43 9.02 8.03 9.99 10.15 9.54 5.18

1987.................. 7.77 4.91 3.95 5.68 9.16 8.26 10.10 10.24 9.72 5.32

1988.................. 7.91 5.03 4.14 5.79 9.38 8.41 10.22 10.69 9.74 5.52

1989.................. 8.10 5.17 4.39 6.02 9.71 8.56 10.59 10.88 10.00 5.90

19901

.................. 8.27 5.44 4.64 6.18 9.84 8.83 10.73 11.13 10.17 6.08

1991.................. 8.59 5.58 4.74 6.23 9.98 8.94 10.98 11.71 10.08 6.22

1992.................. 8.67 5.65 4.80 6.24 10.06 9.02 10.93 12.02 10.39 6.45

1993.................. 8.86 5.75 4.87 6.33 10.18 9.10 11.16 12.15 10.96 6.71

19941

.................. 9.00 5.88 4.98 6.56 10.29 9.10 11.50 12.10 11.06 6.64

1995.................. 9.23 6.04 5.14 6.82 10.73 9.46 11.89 12.32 11.11 6.85

1996.................. 9.52 6.17 5.25 6.99 10.78 9.70 11.91 12.40 11.15 7.04

19971

.................. 9.83 6.45 5.61 7.18 11.10 9.92 12.07 12.80 11.79 6.96

19981

.................. 10.06 6.91 5.98 7.78 11.72 10.22 12.48 13.04 12.22 7.74

19991.................. 10.31 7.12 6.18 8.03 12.00 10.84 12.78 13.68 12.21 7.86

16 to 24 years

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and 

older

Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years

Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

45 to 54 

years

65 years

and 

older

1999 .................. 10.31 7.12 6.18 8.03 12.00 10.84 12.78 13.68 12.21 7.86

20001.................. 10.81 7.63 6.64 8.39 12.24 10.97 13.14 13.90 12.81 8.31

2001.................. 11.32 8.01 6.90 8.92 12.88 11.58 13.92 14.25 12.95 9.00

2002.................. 11.64 8.05 7.02 8.88 13.05 11.89 13.96 14.40 13.38 9.78

20031

.................. 11.89 8.14 7.02 9.00 13.25 12.01 14.13 14.93 14.09 9.79

2004.................. 12.02 8.21 7.15 9.07 13.74 12.03 14.60 15.11 14.54 9.90

2005.................. 12.16 8.42 7.21 9.20 13.91 12.17 14.88 15.13 14.79 10.04

2006.................. 12.68 8.79 7.43 9.75 14.27 12.63 15.06 16.04 15.04 10.72

2007.................. 12.95 9.13 7.77 9.96 14.75 12.83 15.17 16.15 15.45 11.01

20081

.................. 13.46 9.24 7.98 10.00 15.03 13.47 16.02 16.82 15.90 11.50

2009.................. 13.76 9.22 8.05 9.99 15.07 13.20 16.10 16.99 16.09 12.00

2010.................. 13.76 9.21 8.09 9.90 15.04 13.10 15.83 16.89 16.45 11.92

See footnote at end of table.

75
Table 18. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex 

and age, 1979–2010 annual averages—Continued

25 years and older

WOMEN'S 

EARNINGS

AS PERCENT

OF MEN'S 

1979.................. 64.1 81.8 95.0 75.9 58.3 63.3 55.8 54.1 56.9 87.6

1980.................. 64.8 84.1 93.2 77.0 58.7 64.1 54.9 54.4 56.4 89.2

1981.................. 65.1 86.1 96.7 80.0 60.3 66.7 57.5 54.1 56.2 88.1

1982.................. 67.3 86.3 97.0 81.8 62.1 67.7 57.1 55.7 59.0 88.1

1983.................. 69.4 87.2 96.7 84.4 62.9 70.3 57.6 56.7 58.0 87.6

1984.................. 69.8 86.0 96.5 84.5 63.7 71.1 59.0 56.9 59.5 89.0

1985.................. 70.0 85.7 96.3 87.2 64.7 72.4 60.3 57.8 60.4 88.8

19861

.................. 70.2 85.8 95.5 86.7 66.0 74.1 61.4 59.0 60.3 91.3

1987.................. 72.1 85.9 93.9 86.1 67.2 74.3 62.9 61.3 62.0 91.2

1988.................. 73.8 89.1 94.4 87.2 68.7 75.6 66.1 61.6 62.4 92.8

1989.................. 75.4 90.7 93.4 86.9 69.8 78.0 67.0 63.4 63.8 87.1

19901

.................. 77.9 91.0 93.8 90.1 71.8 79.4 68.7 64.3 66.2 89.6

1991.................. 78.6 91.0 97.9 91.7 73.5 80.4 70.4 65.0 68.9 92.6

1992.................. 80.3 91.3 97.7 92.5 76.0 82.6 73.1 66.1 69.3 92.6

1993.................. 80.4 91.7 97.1 94.2 77.3 83.6 73.1 67.3 69.0 92.1

19941

.................. 80.6 90.5 97.0 91.2 78.2 85.5 73.4 69.9 70.7 94.0

1995.................. 80.8 90.9 96.1 89.3 76.1 83.7 72.6 70.8 71.4 94.2

1996.................. 81.2 92.1 97.0 89.6 78.2 83.1 74.6 72.1 72.4 91.6

19971 80 8 92 2 96 6 91 2 78 8 82 7 75 7 72 3 70 5 98 1

16 to 24 years

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and 

older

Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years

Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

45 to 54 

years

65 years

and 

older

19971.................. 80.8 92.2 96.6 91.2 78.8 82.7 75.7 72.3 70.5 98.1

19981.................. 81.8 90.3 96.7 89.1 77.9 86.1 77.4 75.0 72.4 93.2

19991

.................. 83.8 92.7 96.8 89.9 79.4 83.9 76.9 72.7 76.4 95.4

20001

.................. 83.8 91.7 93.8 93.0 80.8 88.3 76.3 73.2 76.8 94.7

2001.................. 85.2 90.5 95.8 89.7 79.2 85.8 75.0 76.1 80.2 90.4

2002.................. 85.0 92.5 96.9 91.3 82.1 85.1 78.7 77.6 80.8 89.3

20031

.................. 84.8 93.2 97.6 91.0 83.1 87.5 79.1 79.0 78.4 90.3

2004.................. 84.6 93.9 95.9 91.7 81.7 88.3 78.4 79.1 79.6 92.5

2005.................. 84.8 92.6 96.0 92.4 83.2 89.2 79.6 80.2 80.2 97.8

2006.................. 84.0 90.9 95.7 90.5 83.2 87.6 80.0 76.4 80.6 93.0

2007.................. 84.8 89.3 95.4 90.4 81.7 87.4 81.5 79.6 79.2 92.2

20081

.................. 85.4 91.2 96.6 91.6 83.0 87.0 80.5 78.2 81.8 91.6

2009.................. 85.5 93.1 97.1 92.0 84.7 90.6 80.7 77.0 84.5 92.6

2010.................. 86.0 93.6 97.8 91.7 85.6 91.9 82.9 79.9 83.2 93.8

1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and conceptual changes in

the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical Comparability section of the Household Data technical

documentation provided at www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.

76
Table 19. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2010) dollars,

by sex and age, 1979–2010 annual averages

25 years and older

BOTH SEXES

1979.................. $12.44 $9.78 $8.68 $11.26 $14.31 $14.57 $14.82 $14.45 $13.92 $9.05

1980.................. 12.14 9.35 8.11 10.81 13.98 14.26 14.51 14.23 13.58 8.97

1981.................. 11.84 9.13 8.23 10.60 13.77 14.00 14.25 13.82 13.36 9.01

1982.................. 11.71 8.79 7.81 10.11 13.62 13.77 14.34 13.93 13.25 8.94

1983.................. 11.62 8.48 7.51 9.75 13.62 13.51 14.37 13.99 13.33 9.15

1984.................. 11.64 8.34 7.29 9.62 13.65 13.51 14.31 14.13 13.21 9.24

1985.................. 11.64 8.22 7.08 9.54 13.61 13.36 14.46 14.23 13.34 9.15

19861

.................. 11.76 8.37 7.04 9.60 13.72 13.30 14.78 14.67 13.61 9.43

1987.................. 11.87 8.42 6.99 9.56 13.69 13.19 14.57 14.42 13.61 9.32

1988.................. 11.91 8.48 7.13 9.52 13.70 13.15 14.46 14.44 13.24 9.26

1989.................. 11.87 8.40 7.16 9.59 13.48 12.97 14.53 14.30 13.28 9.20

19901

.................. 11.68 8.34 7.25 9.55 13.18 12.76 14.25 14.20 12.96 9.29

1991.................. 11.70 8.21 7.32 9.36 13.23 12.54 14.31 14.21 12.78 9.27

1992.................. 11.75 8.17 7.20 9.18 13.29 12.44 14.28 14.49 12.91 9.35

1993.................. 11.69 8.19 7.13 9.14 13.30 12.29 14.28 14.65 13.22 9.49

19941

.................. 11.64 8.17 7.14 9.04 13.26 12.18 14.42 14.56 13.11 9.29

1995.................. 11.61 8.24 7.16 9.12 13.30 12.37 14.23 14.39 13.07 9.45

1996.................. 11.62 8.22 7.15 9.25 13.31 12.20 14.02 14.16 12.99 9.36

19971

.................. 11.84 8.32 7.46 9.35 13.36 12.23 14.02 14.34 13.17 9.32

19981

.................. 12.15 8.79 7.85 9.67 13.52 12.88 14.50 14.63 13.46 9.88

19991 12 46 8 98 7 95 10 12 13 69 13 05 14 41 14 81 13 57 10 07

16 to 24 years

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and 

older

Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years

Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

45 to 54 

years

65 years

and 

older

19991.................. 12.46 8.98 7.95 10.12 13.69 13.05 14.41 14.81 13.57 10.07

20001.................. 12.54 9.16 8.11 10.22 13.77 12.89 14.37 14.96 13.70 10.19

2001.................. 12.55 9.47 8.33 10.32 14.04 13.14 14.74 14.99 14.00 10.50

2002.................. 12.68 9.46 8.37 10.25 14.32 13.29 14.75 15.08 14.35 10.98

20031

.................. 12.86 9.36 8.21 10.26 14.28 13.33 14.76 15.37 14.44 10.89

2004.................. 12.69 9.20 8.07 10.13 14.11 13.11 14.87 15.26 14.51 11.10

2005.................. 12.49 9.01 7.87 9.94 13.93 13.13 14.63 15.04 14.45 11.08

2006.................. 12.71 8.91 7.82 9.90 13.99 12.92 14.58 15.17 14.41 10.97

2007.................. 12.57 9.10 7.96 10.16 13.84 12.67 14.65 15.13 14.42 10.90

20081

.................. 12.38 8.98 7.94 9.88 13.98 12.65 14.55 15.05 14.37 11.02

2009.................. 12.64 9.04 8.05 9.93 14.14 12.80 14.83 15.09 14.94 11.68

2010.................. 12.50 8.90 8.00 9.53 13.98 12.53 14.61 14.98 14.89 11.55

See footnote at end of table.

77
Table 19. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2010) dollars,

by sex and age, 1979–2010 annual averages—Continued

25 years and older

WOMEN

1979.................. $10.14 $8.94 $8.49 $9.86 $10.92 $11.32 $11.12 $10.76 $10.50 $8.74

1980.................. 9.95 8.69 7.91 9.55 10.68 11.18 10.81 10.65 10.28 8.51

1981.................. 9.84 8.53 8.09 9.40 10.78 11.24 10.97 10.55 10.18 8.53

1982.................. 10.00 8.20 7.70 9.09 10.89 11.26 11.02 10.74 10.41 8.52

1983.................. 9.98 7.94 7.38 8.86 10.87 11.31 11.04 10.79 10.54 8.65

1984.................. 9.92 7.84 7.17 8.70 10.94 11.18 11.20 11.00 10.52 8.72

1985.................. 9.90 7.74 6.97 8.80 11.06 11.18 11.41 11.12 10.54 8.55

19861

.................. 10.11 7.80 6.93 8.94 11.29 11.29 11.63 11.37 10.91 8.98

1987.................. 10.28 7.74 6.81 8.97 11.30 11.27 11.65 11.52 11.06 8.90

1988.................. 10.34 7.93 6.92 8.94 11.40 11.26 11.96 11.66 10.76 9.06

1989.................. 10.37 7.96 6.96 8.88 11.51 11.34 12.05 11.71 10.83 8.73

19901

.................. 10.40 8.00 7.03 9.00 11.42 11.32 11.91 11.57 10.87 8.80

1991.................. 10.53 7.93 7.24 8.91 11.45 11.22 12.06 11.87 10.84 8.99

1992.................. 10.59 7.85 7.14 8.78 11.64 11.34 12.16 12.09 10.96 9.09

1993.................. 10.58 7.83 7.03 8.86 11.69 11.31 12.12 12.15 11.23 9.18

19941

.................. 10.54 7.73 7.02 8.69 11.70 11.31 12.27 12.30 11.37 9.07

1995.................. 10.60 7.80 7.02 8.65 11.61 11.25 12.26 12.39 11.26 9.16

1996.................. 10.69 7.86 7.04 8.66 11.66 11.15 12.30 12.37 11.16 8.92

19971

.................. 10.74 8.05 7.33 8.86 11.84 11.10 12.37 12.53 11.24 9.24

19981

.................. 10.99 8.33 7.72 9.25 12.19 11.75 12.90 13.06 11.82 9.63

19991 11 29 8 63 7 82 9 44 12 46 11 90 12 85 13 01 12 20 9 80

16 to 24 years

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and 

older

Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years

Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

45 to 54 

years

65 years

and 

older

19991.................. 11.29 8.63 7.82 9.44 12.46 11.90 12.85 13.01 12.20 9.80

20001.................. 11.47 8.86 7.89 9.87 12.52 12.27 12.70 12.89 12.46 9.96

2001.................. 11.87 8.93 8.14 9.85 12.56 12.24 12.86 13.36 12.80 10.02

2002.................. 11.97 9.02 8.23 9.82 12.97 12.25 13.29 13.54 13.09 10.57

20031

.................. 11.94 8.99 8.12 9.70 13.05 12.45 13.23 13.97 13.09 10.47

2004.................. 11.73 8.89 7.91 9.60 12.95 12.25 13.21 13.78 13.34 10.57

2005.................. 11.51 8.71 7.72 9.49 12.92 12.12 13.21 13.54 13.24 10.96

2006.................. 11.51 8.64 7.69 9.54 12.83 11.97 13.03 13.25 13.10 10.78

2007.................. 11.55 8.57 7.79 9.46 12.67 11.79 13.00 13.51 12.86 10.67

20081

.................. 11.63 8.53 7.80 9.27 12.63 11.86 13.05 13.32 13.16 10.66

2009.................. 11.95 8.72 7.95 9.34 12.97 12.15 13.21 13.30 13.81 11.29

2010.................. 11.83 8.62 7.91 9.08 12.88 12.04 13.12 13.50 13.68 11.18

See footnote at end of table.

78
Table 19. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2010) dollars,

by sex and age, 1979–2010 annual averages—Continued

25 years and older

MEN

1979.................. $15.83 $10.92 $8.94 $13.00 $18.74 $17.87 $19.94 $19.89 $18.46 $9.97

1980.................. 15.37 10.33 8.49 12.39 18.19 17.46 19.67 19.60 18.24 9.55

1981.................. 15.10 9.91 8.37 11.75 17.89 16.85 19.08 19.52 18.11 9.68

1982.................. 14.86 9.50 7.94 11.11 17.53 16.64 19.28 19.26 17.66 9.67

1983.................. 14.39 9.11 7.63 10.50 17.28 16.09 19.17 19.04 18.17 9.88

1984.................. 14.21 9.12 7.43 10.30 17.17 15.73 18.98 19.34 17.68 9.80

1985.................. 14.15 9.03 7.24 10.10 17.08 15.44 18.92 19.25 17.45 9.63

19861

.................. 14.40 9.09 7.25 10.30 17.12 15.24 18.96 19.26 18.10 9.83

1987.................. 14.26 9.01 7.25 10.42 16.81 15.16 18.53 18.79 17.83 9.76

1988.................. 14.00 8.90 7.33 10.25 16.60 14.88 18.09 18.92 17.24 9.77

1989.................. 13.75 8.78 7.45 10.22 16.49 14.53 17.98 18.47 16.98 10.02

19901

.................. 13.36 8.79 7.50 9.98 15.90 14.26 17.33 17.98 16.43 9.82

1991.................. 13.40 8.71 7.39 9.72 15.57 13.95 17.13 18.27 15.73 9.70

1992.................. 13.20 8.60 7.31 9.50 15.31 13.73 16.64 18.30 15.81 9.82

1993.................. 13.16 8.54 7.24 9.41 15.13 13.52 16.58 18.05 16.29 9.97

19941

.................. 13.08 8.55 7.24 9.53 14.96 13.23 16.72 17.59 16.08 9.65

1995.................. 13.11 8.58 7.30 9.69 15.24 13.44 16.89 17.50 15.78 9.73

1996.................. 13.17 8.53 7.26 9.67 14.91 13.42 16.47 17.15 15.42 9.74

19971

.................. 13.30 8.73 7.59 9.72 15.02 13.42 16.33 17.32 15.95 9.42

19981

.................. 13.43 9.23 7.98 10.39 15.65 13.64 16.66 17.41 16.32 10.33

19991.................. 13.48 9.31 8.08 10.50 15.69 14.17 16.71 17.88 15.96 10.27

16 to 24 years

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and 

older

Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years

Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

45 to 54 

years

65 years

and 

older

1999 .................. 13.48 9.31 8.08 10.50 15.69 14.17 16.71 17.88 15.96 10.27

20001.................. 13.68 9.66 8.41 10.62 15.49 13.89 16.63 17.59 16.22 10.52

2001.................. 13.94 9.86 8.50 10.99 15.86 14.26 17.14 17.55 15.95 11.08

2002.................. 14.09 9.75 8.50 10.75 15.80 14.39 16.90 17.43 16.20 11.84

20031

.................. 14.09 9.64 8.32 10.66 15.70 14.23 16.74 17.69 16.69 11.60

2004.................. 13.86 9.47 8.25 10.46 15.85 13.88 16.84 17.43 16.77 11.42

2005.................. 13.57 9.40 8.05 10.27 15.52 13.58 16.61 16.89 16.51 11.21

2006.................. 13.71 9.50 8.03 10.54 15.43 13.65 16.28 17.34 16.26 11.59

2007.................. 13.62 9.60 8.17 10.47 15.51 13.49 15.95 16.98 16.25 11.58

20081

.................. 13.62 9.35 8.08 10.12 15.21 13.63 16.21 17.02 16.09 11.64

2009.................. 13.98 9.37 8.18 10.15 15.32 13.41 16.36 17.27 16.35 12.20

2010.................. 13.76 9.21 8.09 9.90 15.04 13.10 15.83 16.89 16.45 11.92

1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and conceptual changes in

the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical Comparability section of the Household Data technical

documentation provided at www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to

constant dollars. (See Technical Note.)

79
Table 20. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in

current dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 

1979–2010 annual averages 

BOTH SEXES

1979.......................................... $4.44 $4.51 $4.11 - $4.08

1980.......................................... 4.82 4.88 4.44 - 4.44

1981.......................................... 5.15 5.18 4.90 - 4.81

1982.......................................... 5.40 5.47 5.06 - 5.01

1983.......................................... 5.59 5.66 5.15 - 5.09

1984.......................................... 5.83 5.90 5.36 - 5.27

1985.......................................... 6.03 6.10 5.50 - 5.47

19861

......................................... 6.20 6.28 5.80 - 5.65

1987.......................................... 6.47 6.56 5.99 - 5.82

1988.......................................... 6.73 6.81 6.15 - 5.95

1989.......................................... 6.99 7.08 6.43 - 6.07

19901

.......................................... 7.23 7.33 6.81 - 6.28

1991.......................................... 7.50 7.61 7.00 - 6.46

1992.......................................... 7.72 7.82 7.06 - 6.65

1993.......................................... 7.87 7.97 7.18 - 6.83

19941

.......................................... 8.01 8.11 7.29 - 6.93

1995.......................................... 8.17 8.32 7.66 - 7.00

1996.......................................... 8.40 8.57 7.76 - 7.17

19971

.......................................... 8.75 8.88 8.01 - 7.39

19981 9 10 9 22 8 39 7 92

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

19981.......................................... 9.10 9.22 8.39 - 7.92

19991.......................................... 9.53 9.74 8.85 - 8.07

20001

.......................................... 9.91 9.96 9.34 $10.07 8.54

2001.......................................... 10.19 10.26 9.78 10.75 9.06

2002.......................................... 10.47 10.71 9.93 10.36 9.22

20031

.......................................... 10.85 10.97 10.15 11.12 9.76

2004.......................................... 11.00 11.13 10.19 11.10 9.81

2005.......................................... 11.19 11.48 10.17 12.01 9.95

2006.......................................... 11.76 11.86 10.66 12.53 10.12

2007.......................................... 11.95 12.08 10.89 12.22 10.24

20081

.......................................... 12.23 12.54 11.20 13.01 10.97

2009.......................................... 12.44 12.66 11.64 13.16 11.04

2010.......................................... 12.50 12.74 11.77 13.22 10.88

See footnote at end of table.

80
Table 20. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in

current dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 

1979–2010 annual averages—Continued

WOMEN

1979.......................................... $3.62 $3.62 $3.55 - $3.44

1980.......................................... 3.95 3.96 3.88 - 3.78

1981.......................................... 4.28 4.28 4.19 - 4.10

1982.......................................... 4.61 4.61 4.49 - 4.33

1983.......................................... 4.80 4.81 4.72 - 4.42

1984.......................................... 4.97 4.98 4.87 - 4.65

1985.......................................... 5.13 5.14 5.04 - 4.82

19861

......................................... 5.33 5.35 5.17 - 5.00

1987.......................................... 5.60 5.62 5.40 - 5.11

1988.......................................... 5.84 5.86 5.61 - 5.28

1989.......................................... 6.11 6.13 5.88 - 5.53

19901

.......................................... 6.44 6.46 6.23 - 5.80

1991.......................................... 6.75 6.76 6.55 - 5.98

1992.......................................... 6.96 6.99 6.64 - 6.17

1993.......................................... 7.12 7.16 6.87 - 6.31

19941

.......................................... 7.25 7.34 6.93 - 6.40

1995.......................................... 7.46 7.54 7.12 - 6.60

1996.......................................... 7.73 7.79 7.20 - 6.77

19971

.......................................... 7.94 8.00 7.59 - 6.82 1

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

19981.......................................... 8.23 8.33 7.90 - 7.22

19991

.......................................... 8.64 8.73 8.13 - 7.46

20001

.......................................... 9.06 9.09 8.86 $9.77 7.89

2001.......................................... 9.64 9.73 9.15 10.07 8.28

2002.......................................... 9.89 9.94 9.45 10.10 8.54

20031

.......................................... 10.08 10.11 9.91 10.68 8.88

2004.......................................... 10.17 10.21 9.93 10.57 9.04

2005.......................................... 10.31 10.50 9.93 11.64 9.18

2006.......................................... 10.65 10.77 10.11 11.95 9.50

2007.......................................... 10.98 11.06 10.45 11.83 9.80

20081

.......................................... 11.49 11.70 10.78 12.25 10.07

2009.......................................... 11.76 11.83 11.01 12.67 10.09

2010.......................................... 11.83 11.88 11.20 12.41 10.11

See footnote at end of table.

81
Table 20. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in

current dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 

1979–2010 annual averages—Continued

MEN

1979.......................................... $5.65 $5.79 $4.89 - $4.79

1980.......................................... 6.10 6.23 5.18 - 5.03

1981.......................................... 6.57 6.71 5.81 - 5.37

1982.......................................... 6.85 6.98 5.97 - 5.73

1983.......................................... 6.92 7.07 5.96 - 5.81

1984.......................................... 7.12 7.26 6.16 - 6.04

1985.......................................... 7.33 7.58 6.15 - 6.07

19861

......................................... 7.59 7.78 6.57 - 6.19

1987.......................................... 7.77 7.93 6.74 - 6.37

1988.......................................... 7.91 8.06 6.94 - 6.51

1989.......................................... 8.10 8.28 7.07 - 6.66

19901

.......................................... 8.27 8.55 7.37 - 6.74

1991.......................................... 8.59 8.82 7.57 - 6.88

1992.......................................... 8.67 8.89 7.62 - 6.99

1993.......................................... 8.86 9.07 7.67 - 7.12

19941

.......................................... 9.00 9.21 7.92 - 7.17

1995.......................................... 9.23 9.62 8.16 - 7.26

1996.......................................... 9.52 9.79 8.18 - 7.62

19971

.......................................... 9.83 9.96 8.67 - 7.90

19981 10 06 10 18 9 09 - 8 24

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

1998 .......................................... 10.06 10.18 9.09 - 8.24

19991.......................................... 10.31 10.61 9.77 - 8.61

20001

.......................................... 10.81 10.95 9.98 $10.79 9.04

2001.......................................... 11.32 11.61 10.18 11.84 9.67

2002.......................................... 11.64 11.86 10.24 11.02 9.92

20031

.......................................... 11.89 12.03 10.81 11.89 10.03

2004.......................................... 12.02 12.16 10.88 11.90 10.02

2005.......................................... 12.16 12.47 10.90 12.75 10.19

2006.......................................... 12.68 12.88 11.42 13.18 10.84

2007.......................................... 12.95 13.22 11.57 13.22 11.07

20081

.......................................... 13.46 13.85 11.99 14.03 11.83

2009.......................................... 13.76 13.95 12.27 14.01 11.92

2010.......................................... 13.76 13.97 12.16 14.11 11.73

See footnote at end of table.

82
Table 20. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in

current dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 

1979–2010 annual averages—Continued

WOMEN'S EARNINGS

AS PERCENT OF MEN'S

1979.......................................... 64.1 62.5 72.6 - 71.8

1980.......................................... 64.8 63.6 74.9 - 75.1

1981.......................................... 65.1 63.8 72.1 - 76.4

1982.......................................... 67.3 66.0 75.2 - 75.6

1983.......................................... 69.4 68.0 79.2 - 76.1

1984.......................................... 69.8 68.6 79.1 - 77.0

1985.......................................... 70.0 67.8 82.0 - 79.4

19861

......................................... 70.2 68.8 78.7 - 80.8

1987.......................................... 72.1 70.9 80.1 - 80.2

1988.......................................... 73.8 72.7 80.8 - 81.1

1989.......................................... 75.4 74.0 83.2 - 83.0

19901

.......................................... 77.9 75.6 84.5 - 86.1

1991.......................................... 78.6 76.6 86.5 - 86.9

1992.......................................... 80.3 78.6 87.1 - 88.3

1993.......................................... 80.4 78.9 89.6 - 88.6

19941

.......................................... 80.6 79.7 87.5 - 89.3

1995.......................................... 80.8 78.4 87.3 - 90.9

1996.......................................... 81.2 79.6 88.0 - 88.8

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

19971.......................................... 80.8 80.3 87.5 - 86.3

19981

.......................................... 81.8 81.8 86.9 - 87.6

19991

.......................................... 83.8 82.3 83.2 - 86.6

20001

.......................................... 83.8 83.0 88.8 90.5 87.3

2001.......................................... 85.2 83.8 89.9 85.1 85.6

2002.......................................... 85.0 83.8 92.3 91.7 86.1

20031

.......................................... 84.8 84.0 91.7 89.8 88.5

2004.......................................... 84.6 84.0 91.3 88.8 90.2

2005.......................................... 84.8 84.2 91.1 91.3 90.1

2006.......................................... 84.0 83.6 88.5 90.7 87.6

2007.......................................... 84.8 83.7 90.3 89.5 88.5

20081

.......................................... 85.4 84.5 89.9 87.3 85.1

2009.......................................... 85.5 84.8 89.7 90.4 84.6

2010.......................................... 86.0 85.0 92.1 88.0 86.2

1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and

conceptual changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical

Comparability section of the Household Data technical documentation provided at www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_

methods.pdf.

NOTE: As of 2003, estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian)

include persons who selected that race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are

not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they

identified as the main race. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate

category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. Dash indicates data not available.

83
Table 21. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in

constant (2010) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 

1979–2010 annual averages 

BOTH SEXES

1979.......................................... $12.44 $12.63 $11.51 - $11.43

1980.......................................... 12.14 12.29 11.18 - 11.18

1981.......................................... 11.84 11.91 11.26 - 11.06

1982.......................................... 11.71 11.87 10.98 - 10.87

1983.......................................... 11.62 11.77 10.71 - 10.58

1984.......................................... 11.64 11.78 10.70 - 10.52

1985.......................................... 11.64 11.78 10.62 - 10.56

19861

......................................... 11.76 11.92 11.01 - 10.72

1987.......................................... 11.87 12.04 10.99 - 10.68

1988.......................................... 11.91 12.05 10.88 - 10.53

1989.......................................... 11.87 12.02 10.92 - 10.31

19901

.......................................... 11.68 11.84 11.00 - 10.15

1991.......................................... 11.70 11.87 10.92 - 10.08

1992.......................................... 11.75 11.90 10.75 - 10.12

1993.......................................... 11.69 11.84 10.67 - 10.15

19941

.......................................... 11.64 11.79 10.60 - 10.07

1995.......................................... 11.61 11.82 10.88 - 9.94

1996.......................................... 11.62 11.85 10.73 - 9.92

19971

.......................................... 11.84 12.02 10.84 - 10.00

19981 12 15 12 31 11 20 10 57

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

19981.......................................... 12.15 12.31 11.20 - 10.57

19991.......................................... 12.46 12.73 11.57 - 10.55

20001

.......................................... 12.54 12.61 11.82 $12.75 10.81

2001.......................................... 12.55 12.64 12.04 13.24 11.16

2002.......................................... 12.68 12.97 12.02 12.54 11.16

20031

.......................................... 12.86 13.00 12.03 13.18 11.56

2004.......................................... 12.69 12.84 11.75 12.80 11.31

2005.......................................... 12.49 12.81 11.35 13.40 11.10

2006.......................................... 12.71 12.82 11.52 13.55 10.94

2007.......................................... 12.57 12.70 11.45 12.85 10.77

20081

.......................................... 12.38 12.69 11.34 13.17 11.10

2009.......................................... 12.64 12.87 11.83 13.37 11.22

2010.......................................... 12.50 12.74 11.77 13.22 10.88

See footnote at end of table.

84
Table 21. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in

constant (2010) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 

1979–2010 annual averages—Continued

WOMEN

1979.......................................... $10.14 $10.14 $9.94 - $9.64

1980.......................................... 9.95 9.97 9.77 - 9.52

1981.......................................... 9.84 9.84 9.63 - 9.43

1982.......................................... 10.00 10.00 9.74 - 9.39

1983.......................................... 9.98 10.00 9.81 - 9.19

1984.......................................... 9.92 9.94 9.72 - 9.28

1985.......................................... 9.90 9.92 9.73 - 9.31

19861

......................................... 10.11 10.15 9.81 - 9.49

1987.......................................... 10.28 10.31 9.91 - 9.38

1988.......................................... 10.34 10.37 9.93 - 9.35

1989.......................................... 10.37 10.41 9.98 - 9.39

19901

.......................................... 10.40 10.44 10.06 - 9.37

1991.......................................... 10.53 10.55 10.22 - 9.33

1992.......................................... 10.59 10.64 10.11 - 9.39

1993.......................................... 10.58 10.64 10.21 - 9.38

19941

.......................................... 10.54 10.67 10.07 - 9.30

1995.......................................... 10.60 10.71 10.11 - 9.38

1996.......................................... 10.69 10.77 9.96 - 9.36

19971

.......................................... 10.74 10.83 10.27 - 9.23 1

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

19981.......................................... 10.99 11.12 10.55 - 9.64

19991

.......................................... 11.29 11.41 10.63 - 9.75

20001

.......................................... 11.47 11.51 11.22 $12.37 9.99

2001.......................................... 11.87 11.98 11.27 12.40 10.20

2002.......................................... 11.97 12.03 11.44 12.23 10.34

20031

.......................................... 11.94 11.98 11.74 12.65 10.52

2004.......................................... 11.73 11.78 11.45 12.19 10.43

2005.......................................... 11.51 11.72 11.08 12.99 10.25

2006.......................................... 11.51 11.64 10.93 12.92 10.27

2007.......................................... 11.55 11.63 10.99 12.44 10.30

20081

.......................................... 11.63 11.84 10.91 12.40 10.19

2009.......................................... 11.95 12.02 11.19 12.88 10.25

2010.......................................... 11.83 11.88 11.20 12.41 10.11

See footnote at end of table.

85
Table 21. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in 

constant (2010) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,

1979–2010 annual averages—Continued

MEN

1979.......................................... $15.83 $16.22 $13.70 - $13.42

1980.......................................... 15.37 15.69 13.05 - 12.67

1981.......................................... 15.10 15.43 13.36 - 12.34

1982.......................................... 14.86 15.14 12.95 - 12.43

1983.......................................... 14.39 14.70 12.39 - 12.08

1984.......................................... 14.21 14.49 12.30 - 12.06

1985.......................................... 14.15 14.63 11.87 - 11.72

19861

......................................... 14.40 14.76 12.47 - 11.75

1987.......................................... 14.26 14.55 12.37 - 11.69

1988.......................................... 14.00 14.27 12.28 - 11.52

1989.......................................... 13.75 14.06 12.00 - 11.31

19901

.......................................... 13.36 13.81 11.91 - 10.89

1991.......................................... 13.40 13.76 11.81 - 10.73

1992.......................................... 13.20 13.53 11.60 - 10.64

1993.......................................... 13.16 13.48 11.40 - 10.58

19941

.......................................... 13.08 13.39 11.51 - 10.42

1995.......................................... 13.11 13.66 11.59 - 10.31

1996.......................................... 13.17 13.54 11.31 - 10.54

19971

.......................................... 13.30 13.48 11.73 - 10.69

19981 13 43 13 59 12 14 - 11 00

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

1998 .......................................... 13.43 13.59 12.14 - 11.00

19991.......................................... 13.48 13.87 12.77 - 11.25

20001

.......................................... 13.68 13.86 12.63 $13.66 11.44

2001.......................................... 13.94 14.30 12.54 14.58 11.91

2002.......................................... 14.09 14.36 12.40 13.34 12.01

20031

.......................................... 14.09 14.25 12.81 14.09 11.88

2004.......................................... 13.86 14.03 12.55 13.73 11.56

2005.......................................... 13.57 13.92 12.17 14.23 11.37

2006.......................................... 13.71 13.92 12.35 14.25 11.72

2007.......................................... 13.62 13.90 12.17 13.90 11.64

20081

.......................................... 13.62 14.02 12.14 14.20 11.97

2009.......................................... 13.98 14.18 12.47 14.24 12.11

2010.......................................... 13.76 13.97 12.16 14.11 11.73

1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and

conceptual changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical

Comparability section of the Household Data technical documentation provided at www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_

methods.pdf.

NOTE: As of 2003, estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian)

include persons who selected that race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not

included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified

as the main race. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Asian data

for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data

for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. Dash indicates data not available. The Consumer Price Index

research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant dollars. (See

Technical Note.)

86
Table 22. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the 

prevailing federal minimum wage, by sex, 1979–2010 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Workers paid hourly rates

Total at or below 

prevailing federal 

minimum wage

BOTH SEXES

1979................................. 87,529 51,721 59.1 2,916 3,997 6,912 13.4

1980................................. 87,644 51,335 58.6 3,087 4,686 7,773 15.1

1981................................. 88,516 51,869 58.6 3,513 4,311 7,824 15.1

1982................................. 87,368 50,846 58.2 2,348 4,148 6,496 12.8

1983................................. 88,290 51,820 58.7 2,077 4,261 6,338 12.2

1984................................. 92,194 54,143 58.7 1,838 4,125 5,963 11.0

1985................................. 94,521 55,762 59.0 1,639 3,899 5,538 9.9

19861

.............................. 96,903 57,529 59.4 1,599 3,461 5,060 8.8

1987................................. 99,303 59,552 60.0 1,468 3,229 4,698 7.9

1988................................. 101,407 60,878 60.0 1,319 2,608 3,927 6.5

1989................................. 103,480 62,389 60.3 1,372 1,790 3,162 5.1

19901

.............................. 104,876 63,172 60.2 22,132 21,096 23,228 25.1

1991................................. 103,723 62,627 60.4 2

2,377 22,906 25,283 28.4

1992................................. 104,668 63,610 60.8 1,939 2,982 4,921 7.7

1993 106 101 64 274 60 6 1 707 2 625 4 332 6 7

At

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

Total

Number

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

Year and sex

Percent of 

workers 

paid hourly 

rates

Percent 

of total 

wage 

and 

salary 

workers

Total

wage 

and

salary 

workers

1993................................. 106,101 64,274 60.6 1,707 2,625 4,332 6.7

19941.............................. 107,989 66,549 61.6 1,995 2,132 4,128 6.2

1995................................. 110,038 68,354 62.1 1,699 1,956 3,656 5.3

1996................................. 111,960 69,255 61.9 2

1,863 21,861 23,724 25.4

19971

.............................. 114,533 70,735 61.8 22,990 21,764 24,754 26.7

19981

.............................. 116,730 71,440 61.2 2,834 1,593 4,427 6.2

19991

.............................. 118,963 72,306 60.8 2,194 1,146 3,340 4.6

20001

.............................. 122,089 73,496 60.2 1,752 898 2,650 3.6

2001................................. 122,229 73,392 60.0 1,518 656 2,174 3.0

2002................................. 121,826 72,508 59.5 1,579 567 2,146 3.0

20031

.............................. 122,358 72,946 59.6 1,555 545 2,100 2.9

2004................................. 123,554 73,939 59.8 1,483 520 2,003 2.7

2005................................. 125,889 75,609 60.1 1,403 479 1,882 2.5

2006................................. 128,237 76,514 59.7 1,283 409 1,692 2.2

2007................................. 129,767 75,873 58.5 2

1,462 2267 21,729 22.3

20081

.............................. 129,377 75,305 58.2 21,940 2286 22,226 23.0

2009................................. 124,490 72,611 58.3 2

2,592 2980 23,572 24.9

2010................................. 124,073 72,902 58.8 2,541 1,820 4,361 6.0

See footnotes at end of table.

87
Table 22. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the 

prevailing federal minimum wage, by sex, 1979–2010 annual averages—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Workers paid hourly rates

Total at or below 

prevailing federal 

minimum wage

WOMEN

1979................................. 38,129 23,329 61.2 2,070 2,644 4,714 20.2

1980................................. 38,944 23,626 60.7 2,104 2,990 5,095 21.6

1981................................. 39,672 24,294 61.2 2,394 2,778 5,172 21.3

1982................................. 39,777 24,365 61.3 1,651 2,561 4,212 17.3

1983................................. 40,433 24,989 61.8 1,492 2,603 4,095 16.4

1984................................. 42,172 26,003 61.7 1,348 2,499 3,847 14.8

1985................................. 43,506 26,869 61.8 1,198 2,356 3,554 13.2

19861

.............................. 44,961 27,863 62.0 1,192 2,125 3,317 11.9

1987................................. 46,365 29,078 62.7 1,105 1,946 3,051 10.5

1988................................. 47,495 29,820 62.8 1,008 1,542 2,550 8.6

1989................................. 48,691 30,702 63.1 994 1,056 2,050 6.7

19901

.............................. 49,323 31,069 63.0 21,420 2711 22,131 26.9

1991................................. 49,105 30,988 63.1 2

1,582 21,792 23,374 210.9

1992................................. 49,842 31,454 63.1 1,286 1,751 3,036 9.7

1993 50 626 31 937 63 1 1 133 1 534 2 667 8 4

At

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

Total

Number

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

Year and sex

Percent of 

workers 

paid hourly 

rates

Percent 

of total 

wage 

and 

salary 

workers

Total

wage 

and

salary 

workers

1993................................. 50,626 31,937 63.1 1,133 1,534 2,667 8.4

19941.............................. 51,419 33,021 64.2 1,322 1,241 2,563 7.8

1995................................. 52,369 33,934 64.8 1,157 1,161 2,318 6.8

1996................................. 53,488 34,418 64.3 2

1,244 21,106 22,350 26.8

19971

.............................. 54,708 35,214 64.4 21,843 21,092 22,935 28.3

19981

.............................. 55,757 35,680 64.0 1,794 965 2,760 7.7

19991

.............................. 57,050 36,233 63.5 1,426 700 2,126 5.9

20001

.............................. 58,427 36,777 62.9 1,170 579 1,749 4.8

2001................................. 58,582 36,848 62.9 1,021 409 1,430 3.9

2002................................. 58,555 36,508 62.3 997 350 1,347 3.7

20031

.............................. 59,122 37,093 62.7 1,062 332 1,394 3.8

2004................................. 59,408 37,133 62.5 1,013 310 1,323 3.6

2005................................. 60,423 37,957 62.8 944 290 1,234 3.3

2006................................. 61,426 38,321 62.4 861 263 1,124 2.9

2007................................. 62,299 38,082 61.1 2

1,002 2181 21,183 23.1

20081

.............................. 62,532 37,972 60.7 21,302 2196 21,498 23.9

2009................................. 60,951 37,426 61.4 2

1,603 2612 22,215 25.9

2010................................. 60,542 37,404 61.8 1,598 1,151 2,749 7.3

See footnotes at end of table.

88
Table 22. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the 

prevailing federal minimum wage, by sex, 1979–2010 annual averages—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Workers paid hourly rates

Total at or below 

prevailing federal 

minimum wage

MEN

1979................................. 49,400 28,392 57.5 846 1,353 2,199 7.7

1980................................. 48,700 27,709 56.9 983 1,696 2,678 9.7

1981................................. 48,844 27,576 56.5 1,119 1,533 2,652 9.6

1982................................. 47,591 26,481 55.6 697 1,587 2,284 8.6

1983................................. 47,856 26,831 56.1 585 1,658 2,243 8.4

1984................................. 50,022 28,140 56.3 490 1,626 2,116 7.5

1985................................. 51,015 28,893 56.6 440 1,544 1,984 6.9

19861

.............................. 51,942 29,666 57.1 408 1,336 1,743 5.9

1987................................. 52,938 30,474 57.6 364 1,283 1,647 5.4

1988................................. 53,912 31,058 57.6 311 1,066 1,377 4.4

1989................................. 54,789 31,687 57.8 379 733 1,112 3.5

19901

.............................. 55,553 32,104 57.8 2712 2385 21,097 23.4

1991................................. 54,618 31,639 57.9 2

795 21,114 21,909 26.0

1992................................. 54,826 32,155 58.6 653 1,231 1,885 5.9

1993 55 475 32 337 58 3 573 1 091 1 664 5 1

At

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

Total

Number

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

Year and sex

Percent of 

workers 

paid hourly 

rates

Percent 

of total 

wage 

and 

salary 

workers

Total

wage 

and

salary 

workers

1993................................. 55,475 32,337 58.3 573 1,091 1,664 5.1

19941.............................. 56,570 33,528 59.3 674 891 1,565 4.7

1995................................. 57,669 34,420 59.7 542 796 1,338 3.9

1996................................. 58,473 34,838 59.6 2

619 2755 21,374 23.9

19971

.............................. 59,825 35,521 59.4 21,147 2673 21,820 25.1

19981

.............................. 60,973 35,761 58.7 1,039 628 1,667 4.7

19991

.............................. 61,914 36,073 58.3 768 446 1,214 3.4

20001

.............................. 63,662 36,720 57.7 582 319 901 2.5

2001................................. 63,647 36,544 57.4 497 247 744 2.0

2002................................. 63,272 36,000 56.9 582 217 799 2.2

20031

.............................. 63,236 35,853 56.7 493 213 706 2.0

2004................................. 64,145 36,806 57.4 470 210 680 1.8

2005................................. 65,466 37,652 57.5 459 189 648 1.7

2006................................. 66,811 38,193 57.2 422 146 568 1.5

2007................................. 67,468 37,790 56.0 2

460 286 2546 21.4

20081

.............................. 66,846 37,334 55.9 2638 290 2728 21.9

2009................................. 63,539 35,185 55.4 2

990 2368 21,358 23.9

2010................................. 63,531 35,498 55.9 943 669 1,612 4.5

1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and

conceptual changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical Comparability

section of the Household Data technical documentation provided at www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf. 2 Data for 1990–91, 1996–97, and 2007–09 reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place in those years.

NOTE: The prevailing federal minimum wage was $2.90 in 1979, $3.10 in 1980, and $3.35 in 1981–89. The

minimum wage rose to $3.80 in April 1990, to $4.25 in April 1991, to $4.75 in October 1996, to $5.15 in September

1997, to $5.85 in July 2007, to $6.55 in July 2008, and to $7.25 in July 2009. (See Technical Note for more

information about minimum wage workers.)

89
Technical Note

The estimates in this report were obtained from the Current 

Population Survey (CPS), which provides a wide range of 

information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment. 

The survey is conducted monthly for the U.S. Bureau of Labor 

Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau, using a national sample of about 60,000 households, with coverage in all 50 states and 

the District of Columbia. The earnings data are collected from 

one-fourth of the CPS monthly sample. 

Material in this report is in the public domain and may be used 

without permission. This information is available to sensoryimpaired individuals upon request. Voice telephone: (202) 691–

5200; Federal Relay Service: 1–800–877–8339. 

Concepts and defi nitions

The principal concepts and defi nitions used in connection with the 

earnings data in this report are described next.

Usual weekly earnings. Data are collected on wages and salaries 

before taxes and other deductions, and include any overtime pay, 

commissions, and tips usually received (at the principal job in 

the case of multiple jobholders). All self-employed workers are 

excluded, both those with incorporated businesses and those with 

unincorporated businesses. Prior to 1994, respondents were asked 

how much they usually earned per week. Since January 1994, respondents have been asked to identify the easiest way for them to 

report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice monthly, monthly, annually, or other) and how much they usually earn in the 

period reported. Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly 

are converted to a weekly equivalent. The term “usual” is as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks for a defi nition 

of “usual,” interviewers are instructed to defi ne the term as “more 

than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months.”

Medians (and other quantiles) of weekly earnings. Most of the 

earnings estimates shown in this report are medians. The median 

(or upper limit of the second quartile) is the amount that divides 

a given earnings distribution into two equal groups, one having 

earnings above the median and the other having earnings below 

the median. Ten percent of workers in a given distribution have 

earnings below the upper limit of the fi rst decile (90 percent have 

higher earnings), 25 percent have earnings below the upper limit 

of the fi rst quartile (75 percent have higher earnings), 75 percent 

have earnings below the upper limit of the third quartile (25 percent have higher earnings), and 90 percent have earnings below 

the upper limit of the ninth decile (10 percent have higher earnings).

The BLS estimating procedure for determining the median of 

an earnings distribution places each reported or calculated weekly 

earnings value into a $50-wide interval that is centered around a 

multiple of $50. The median is estimated through the linear interpolation of the interval in which the median lies.

Over-the-year changes in the medians (and other quantile 

boundaries) for specifi c groups may not necessarily be consistent with the movements estimated for the overall quantile 

boundary. The most common reasons for this possible anomaly 

are as follows: 

• There could be a change in the relative weights of the subgroups. For example, the medians of both 16- to 24-yearolds and those 25 years and older may rise, but if the lower 

earning 16-to-24 age group accounts for a greatly increased 

share of the total, the overall median could actually fall. 

• There could be a large change in the shape of the distribution of reported earnings, particularly near a quantile 

boundary. This change could be caused by survey observations that are clustered at rounded values—for example, 

$300, $400, or $500. An estimate lying in a $50-wide centered interval containing such a cluster, or “spike,” tends to 

change more slowly than one in other intervals. Consider, 

for example, the calculation of the median for a multipeaked distribution that shifts over time. As such a distribution shifts, the median does not necessarily move at the 

same rate. Specifi cally, the median takes relatively more 

time to move through a frequently reported earnings interval, but once above the upper limit of such an interval, it 

can move relatively quickly to the next frequently reported 

interval. BLS procedures for estimating medians (and other 

quantile boundaries) mitigate such irregular movements of 

the measures; however, users should be cautious of these 

effects when evaluating short-term changes in the medians 

and in ratios of the medians. 

Constant dollars. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant dollars. BLS has made numerous improvements 

to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) over the years. Although 

these improvements make the CPI more accurate, the offi cial 

histories of price index series are not adjusted to refl ect the improvements. Because many researchers need a historical series 

that measures price change consistently over time, BLS developed the CPI-U-RS to provide an estimate of the CPI that incorporates most of the methodological improvements made since 

1978 into the entire series. (For further information, see Kenneth 

J. Stewart and Stephen B. Reed, “CPI research series using current methods, 1978–98,” Monthly Labor Review, June 1999, on 

the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/1999/06/art4full.pdf; 

and “Questions and Answers: Consumer Price Index Research Series Using Current Methods,” on the Internet at 

http://www.bls.gov/cpi/cpirsdc.htm.)

This report uses the most recent version of the CPI-U-RS 

available at the time of production. Users should note, however, 

that the CPI-U-RS is subject to periodic revision. As a result, the 

rate of infl ation incorporated into the constant-dollar earnings estimates in this report may differ from that in previous reports in 

this series or in other publications. 

Wage and salary workers. These are workers who receive wages, 

salaries, commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. The 

group includes employees in both the private and public sectors 

but, for purposes of the earnings series, excludes all self-employed 

persons, both those with incorporated businesses and those with 

unincorporated businesses.

90
Full-time workers. For the purpose of producing estimates of 

earnings, workers who usually work 35 hours or more per week at 

their sole or principal job are defi ned as working full time. 

Part-time workers. For the purpose of producing estimates of 

earnings, workers who usually work fewer than 35 hours per week 

at their sole or principal job are defi ned as working part time.

Workers paid by the hour. Historically, workers paid an hourly wage 

have made up approximately three-fi fths of all wage and salary workers. Workers paid by the hour are included in the full- and part-time 

worker tables in this report, along with salaried workers and other 

workers not paid by the hour. Data for workers paid at hourly rates are 

presented separately in tables 9 to 11 and 18 to 22.

Workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage. The estimates of the numbers of workers with reported earnings at or 

below the federal minimum wage in tables 11 and 22 pertain 

only to workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and 

other workers who are not paid by the hour are not included, even 

though some have earnings that, if converted to hourly rates, 

would be at or below the minimum wage. Consequently, the estimates presented in this report likely understate the actual number 

of workers with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage. 

Research has shown, however, that the degree of understatement 

is small. BLS does not routinely estimate the hourly earnings of 

workers not paid by the hour because of data quality concerns associated with such an estimation process. 

The prevailing federal minimum wage was $2.90, effective 

January 1, 1979; $3.10, effective January 1, 1980; $3.35, effective 

January 1, 1981; $3.80, effective April 1, 1990; $4.25, effective 

April 1, 1991; $4.75, effective October 1, 1996; $5.15, effective 

September 1, 1997; $5.85, effective July 24, 2007; $6.55, effective July 24, 2008; and $7.25, effective July 24, 2009. Data for 

1990–91, 1996–97, and 2007–09 refl ect changes in the minimum 

wage that took place during those years. Note that some states 

have established minimum-wage standards that exceed the federal level.

The presence of workers with hourly earnings below the minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the Fair 

Labor Standards Act, because there are a number of exemptions 

to the minimum-wage provisions of the law. In addition, some 

workers might have rounded their hourly earnings in response to 

survey questions. As a result, some might have reported hourly 

earnings below the minimum wage when, in fact, they earned the 

minimum wage or higher. 

Reliability

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Whenever a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the “true” population values they represent. The exact 

difference, or sampling error, varies with the particular sample 

selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of 

the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confi dence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because 

of sampling error. BLS analyses generally are conducted at the 

90-percent level of confi dence. Estimates of earnings and their 

standard errors can be used to construct approximate confi dence 

intervals, or ranges of values, that include the true population value with known probabilities.

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. This 

kind of error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to 

sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information on all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness 

of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in 

data collection or processing.

For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and 

for information on estimating standard errors, see the “Reliability of 

the estimates” section of Household Data technical documentation 

on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf. 

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