# Patent

## Title
Shotgun cartridge and wad thereof

## Abstract

This is a continuation-in-part of a U.S. patent application, Ser. No. 307,741 filed Oct. 2, 1981 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,418,488.

## Background
The present invention relates to "subcaliber" cartridge firing inserts for large bore, center-fire weapons.

A need exists, with increased interest in backpacking, fishing and hunting, for a compact, versatile, safe and reasonably priced pistol for rimfire cartridges. There is also a need for an effective adaptor or insert for large bore center fire weapons that will allow rimfire cartridges to be fired from the larger bore weapons. An ideal solution to these related problems is found in the present invention.

A pistol and a small bore insert for large bore weapons may both be provided through the present invention.

The pistol configuration is adapted to use the small bore insert as a barrel. The insert can be selectively removed from the pistol body and loaded into the firing chamber of a larger bore weapon, thereby enabling the large bore weapon to fire a small bore cartridge.

Inserts or adaptors have been developed that allow firing of small bore, "rimfire" cartridges from larger bore "center-fire" weapons. They are generally made of soft metal (such as aluminum) since the expansive forces of cartridges fired within the insert are accommodated by the firing chamber of the larger bore weapon. Without the strength of the heavy, large bore firing chamber, the small bore inserts would at best have a rather short life and conceivably could explode.

Prior forms of inserts are also unsafe to carry in a "loaded" condition with the small bore cartridge in place. Prior inserts typically include their own firing pin that may be struck by a center fire firing pin and, in turn, strikes the "rim" of the small bore cartridge. The insert firing pin is typically mounted with its rimfire end in direct abutment with the small bore cartridge rim. It takes much less striking force to fire a rimfire cartridge than it does a larger bore center-fire cartridge. Therefore, there is always potential danger that a loaded insert could fire if dropped or otherwise handled carelessly. Other inserts that allow for axial travel of the insert firing pin are just as dangerous because there is no provision to yieldably hold the firing pin back away from the small bore cartridge rim.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,050,894 illustrates in FIGS. 13 through 16, a barrel insert that allows a center fire weapon to fire a rimfire cartridge. The insert includes a firing pin mechanism that slides freely in the cartridge to engage the rim of a rimfire cartridge. Another U.S. Pat. No. 3,598,053 shows a similar arrangement, only with the rimfire end of the firing pin having two pin branches, both for striking a rimfire cartridge.

The present invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of the present pistol and insert;

FIG. 2 is a top plan view as seen from above in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an end view of the pistol as seen from the right in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a fragmentary view of the present pistol body;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the present pistol and insert assembly;

FIG. 6 is an exploded pictorial view of the present insert assembly;

FIG. 7 is a pictorial detail view of a secondary firing pin for the present insert.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing another form of the present insert;

FIG. 9 is a pictorial cross-sectional view of a bullet cap for the insert form shown in FIG. 8; and

FIG. 10 is a view of a bullet and cap following discharge.

The present invention is embodied in a cartridge shaped barrel insert 11 for a firearm such as the pistol shown at 10. The pistol body receives the insert 11 for the purpose of firing a standard rimfire cartridge 12. The insert can be used with the piston 10, or it can also be used in a center-fire weapon 76 (FIG. 8), replacing the usual center fire cartridge.

The present pistol 10 may be provided in two basic configurations. It may be provided with the cartridge shaped barrel insert 11 as shown in FIG. 1, or without the insert as shown in FIG. 4 wherein the basic pistol body is illustrated.

The pistol body is comprised of a general rigid frame 14, having a handgrip or handle 15. The frame 14 also defines a hammer and trigger housing 16. A hammer mechanism 17 is mounted to the frame and spring loaded within the housing 16. A trigger mechanism 18 is also provided within the housing and is mechanically interconnected with the hammer mechanism 17 by an appropriate form of well known trigger and hammer release mechanism (not shown).

The hammer mechanism 17 is used to strike a primary firing pin 19. The firing pin 19 is slidably mounted within the frame 14, having a striking surface 21 at one end and a projection 20 at the opposite end. The projection 20 is shaped similarly to a standard center fire firing pin. The firing pin and projection are centered on a bore axis of the insert 11 within a breech recess 23 in the frame 14.

Forward of the primary firing pin 19 and recess 23 is a long depression 22 (FIG. 4) along the frame that is adapted to receive the cartridge shaped barrel insert 11. The firing pin 19 and breach recess 23 are at one end of the depression 22. The opposite end of the depression 22 is defined by a muzzle nose piece 24. The muzzle nose piece 24 is mounted to the frame 14 for selective axial movement thereon. It includes a muzzle end recess 25 to releasably receive a forward end of the barrel insert 11. The recesses 23 and 25 are axially aligned when the insert is in place as shown in FIG. 5.

A biasing means 28 is illustrated in FIG. 4 for continuously urging the nose piece 24 inwardly, toward the primary firing pin 19. The biasing means 28 operates along a rod 29 that is affixed to the nose piece 24 and slidably journalled in the frame 14. The rod 29 is held by the frame 14 along an axis that is parallel to the bore axis of the insert. A shoulder 30 at a remote end of the rod mounts one end of a compression spring 31. The opposite end of the compression spring rests against an integral shoulder 32 formed within the frame. The spring 31 therefore resists axial motion of the nose piece toward the dotted line position as shown in FIG. 4. The spring and rod both allow for turning motion of the nose piece about the axis of the rod as indicated by the dashed line position shown in FIG. 3.

The muzzle nose piece 24 is allowed to move axially to the FIG. 4 dashed line position in order to allow insertion and removal of the cartridge barrel insert 11. Pivotal motion of the nose piece is also permitted to facilitate insertion and removal of the barrel insert, as will be discussed in greater detail below. The nose piece 24 has serrations 33 on opposite sides thereof to facilitate gripping between the thumb and forefinger so the nose piece can be pulled outwardly and turned about the axis of the rod 29.

A sight rod 35 is mounted between the nose piece 24 and frame 14. Preferably, the sight rod 35 is affixed to the nose piece 24 and is releasably received within a recess 38 of the frame 14. It is preferred that the sight rod 35 be situated over the recess 22 in order to present a straight axial reference for sighting purposes and to brace the muzzle nose piece 24 in its operative position. The sight rod 35, when used in sighting or aiming the pistol, will be used in combination with integral sights 39 (FIGS. 2 and 3) situated in the frame 14 and nose piece 24.

The cartridge shaped barrel insert 11 is shown in substantial detail in FIGS. 5 through 7 and in another form in FIGS. 8-10. Generally, the insert 11 is shaped similarly to the external configuration of a center-fire cartridge. However, the insert includes mechanisms that allow a smaller bore rimfire cartridge 12 to be fired from it. The insert is preferably constructed of steel commonly used for barrel construction in rifles and pistols.

The insert includes basically two independent sections. The barrel section 50 is provided to receive a cartridge 12. The barrel section 50 extends between a breach end 42 and a muzzle end 43. A central bore 45 extends between the ends 42 and 43. A shoulder 46 is formed within the breech end 42 of the barrel section to abut the corresponding rim 47 of a rimfire cartridge 12. This relationship is best illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 8.

The bore 45 shown in FIG. 5 includes standard rifling 48 along its length. The rifling 48 is provided to guide and spin the bullet when it is fired. This is a particularly useful feature when the insert is used with the pistol frame.

A breech block section 51 is releasably attached to the barrel section 50 at the breech end 42. The breech block 51 includes mechanisms for firing the enclosed cartridge 12 and can be actuated by the primary firing pin 19 of the pistol, or a standard center-fire firing pin 75 of an appropriate large bore weapon 76.

The breech block 51 extends from a forward end 52 to a back end 53. The forward end 52 includes means 54, preferably threads, for releasably attaching the breech block to the barrel section. The mating threads between the breech block 51 and barrel section 50 are positioned so the forward end of the breech block 51 overlaps the shoulder 46 of the bore 45. This allows easy access to the cartridge 12 both for loading and unloading purposes.

A secondary firing pin is provided at 56 within the breech block 51. The back end 57 of the secondary firing pin appears very similar to the primer cap of an ordinary center-fire cartridge, presenting a striking surface 58. The body 59 of the firing pin extends forwardly from the striking surface 58 to a pair of pin projections 60 at a pin front end 61. The pin projections 60 are diametrically opposed in relation to the central bore axis. They are also spaced apart to simultaneously engage the circular rim of a rimfire cartridge held within the bore 45. Because there are two pin projections 60, it is logical that it will require approximately twice the impact produced through the firing pin in order to compress the rim 47 sufficiently to ignite the enclosed primer material. The dual projections 60 also assure firing of the small bore cartridge since two areas of the rim are struck instead of the usual one.

A resilient means 62 is provided within the breech block 51 in order to yieldably resist motion of the secondary firing pin toward the rim of the cartridge 12. Thus, the pin projections 60 are normally urged axially away from the cartridge rim 47. This is an extremely important safety feature for the present invention.

The resilient means 62 may be provided in the form of a resilient pad 63 situated within a bore 67 in the body of the pin 56. The pad 63 is loosely mounted between a roll pin 64 and a closed end 66 of the bore 67 in which it is received. A compression spring may be substituted for the pad 63 but it has been found that a synthetic material, such as a resilient urethane, may be used. The roll pin 64 prevents the secondary firing pins 60 and pad 63 from dropping out of the breech block 51 through the forward end thereof.

Interfitting shoulders 68 between the pin and breech block 51 prevent the pin from sliding rearwardly from the breech block. The pad 63 and pin 64 control the forward motion of the pin toward the center-fire cartridge rim 47. The yieldable resistance offered by the pad 63 is preselected to accommodate the relatively high spring forces applied through the firing pins of center fire weapons. Center fire "primer caps" require a stronger firing pin impact than do typical rimfire cartridges. The pad 63 absorbs a part of the additional impact energy of the weapon firing pin while transmitting just enough of such force through the secondary firing pin projection 60 to impact and fire the cartridge 12. The pad 63 therefore reduces the high impact force of the weapon firing pin to the reduced force required for firing a rimfire cartridge with the pin projections 60.

Normally, the firing pins of the various center fire weapons strike the soft brass caps of center fire ammunition and the sharpness or bluntness, (within broad limits) is not critical. The shape, hardness, and material of firing pins are therefore not standardized with firearms manufacturers. This non-standardness becomes a serious problem when using inserts with firing pins made of harder material than soft brass since the brittle firing pin will readily break unless protected. A conical recess 65 on the striking surface 58 of my secondary firing pin 56 allows it to receive the various size and shaped large bore firing pins 75 and assures that there is 360.degree. contact regardless of the shape. No known prior inserts address this problem.

The conical recess 65 is centered on the striking surface 58. The recess 65 receives the rounded shoulder of a standard large bore firing pin 75 (FIG. 8) or the projection 20 of the primary firing pin 19 (FIG. 5) for the pistol 10. The conical recess 65 is provided to substantially center the axial forces imparted by a firing pin or by the primary pistol firing pin 19 and to evenly distribute the impact forces between the projection 20 or large bore firing pin 75 and the secondary firing pin. The inclined surfaces of the recess 65 will engage a considerable surface area of the projection or firing pin, and evenly distribute axial force to the secondary firing pin 56. The secondary firing pin 56 can therefore be constructed of relatively rigid materials that could otherwise damage or break standard firing pin ends.

FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 indicate a version of the present insert specially adapted for use in firing from large bore center-fire weapons 76. Physically, the insert structure is very similar to that described earlier and illustrated in particular in FIG. 5. However, the secondary firing pin 56 has been extended, along with the axial length of breech block 51. The barrel section 50 has been correspondingly shortened. The axial length of the barrel section and its included bore 45 is such that a cartridge 12 will fit within the bore and its bullet or slug 77 will project outwardly from the open forward barrel section end. It is preferred that this distance be such that an edge 78 of the cartridge 12 is positioned within the plane of the open barrel section end 43. The remainder of the inner workings for the present insert remain substantially identical to those already described.

A bullet guiding plastic cap 80 is provided to fit over the bullet or slug 27 projecting from the open barrel end 43. The cap 80 is sized to match the caliber or bore size of the weapon in which the cartridge 12 is to be fired. The cap 80 can be constructed, as can the remainder of the insert, to duplicate virtually any caliber size larger than that of the rimfire cartridge. Since rimfire cartridges are typically 0.22 caliber or 0.223 inch diameter, any caliber larger than 0.223 is suitable for operation with an insert and cap of a corresponding size.

The cap 80 includes an open rearwardly facing cap recess 79 that is complementary to the bullet or slug 77 of the rimfire cartridge 12. The recess is precisely centered on the longitudinal central axis of the cap 80. It extends into the cap 80 a distance substantially equal to the longitudinal distance in which the bullet or slug 77 protrudes from the open insert barrel end 43. The cap can therefore be press fitted by hand over the exposed bullet or slug 77 until the rearward end 81 comes into abutment with the barrel section end 43 as shown in FIG. 8. The dimensions of the recess and physical properties of the cap are such that the cap will stay firmly in place once pressed onto the slug.

It is preferred that the cap 80 be formed of a plastic material such as styrene, polyamide, fluorocarbon or other plastic material having a relatively low coefficient of friction and high heat resistance.

An annular wedge groove 82 (FIGS. 9 and 10) is provided at the rearward cap end 81. The groove 82 is coaxial with the central longitudinal axis of the cap. It forms a peripheral apron 83 adjacent the exterior surface 84 of the cap. The peripheral apron 83 is provided to expand against the bore 90 of the center fire weapon 76, promoting a seal across the weapon bore in response to expanding gases from ignition of the powder within cartridge 12. The apron 83 will expand due to the wedge shaped nature of the groove 82 and the resilient or flexible nature of the material forming the cap 80. This feature is best illustrated in FIG. 10 in which expanding gases are illustrated behind a slug 77 in the present cap 80. The expanding gases operate against the exposed surfaces of the slug 77 and the rearward end 81 of the plastic cap. The expanding gases operate against the resilient material of the cap to expand the wedge shaped groove 82 and thereby press the apron 82 radially outward against the surface of the weapon bore 90. The plastic apron slidably engages the barrel and allows the barrel to guide the cap 80 and slug 77 through the entire length of the weapon bore 90.

The cap 80, with the annular groove 82 and apron 83 can be formed at a slightly smaller diameter than the bore 90. The actual dimension depends upon the resilient properties of the plastic material used and the ability of the peripheral apron 83 to expand against the bore. This assures minimal frictional contact between the exterior cap surface 84 and the bore 90 to minimize frictional resistance against movement of the cap 80 and slug 77 along the bore. However, it is noted that the plastic cap 80 will have an inherently lower coefficient of friction than the typical metal to metal surface contact between a standard slug and weapon bore. Optimum obtainable velocity of the cap and slug can therefore be expected.

A rimfire cartridge 12 is loaded into the insert 10 by unscrewing the breech block 51 from the barrel section. A rimfire cartridge is then inserted into the bore 45 with the rim 47 engaging the shoulder 46 (FIG. 5). The breech block 51 is then screwed back onto the barrel section. It is noted that the threads and the overlapping arrangement of the breech block and barrel section serve to strengthen the entire insert unit. The threads also serve to gauge the effective distance between the firing pin projections 60 and the cartridge rim 47. It is also noted that the resilient means 62 holds the firing pin in a retracted position at all times so the cartridge rim is not touched by the firing pin projections until sufficient force is applied either through the pistol firing pin 19 or the firing pin 75 of an appropriate large bore weapon 76.

The resilient means 62 will also absorb some of the large bore weapon's firing pin spring pressure upon firing, which is greater than the average rimfire weapon. The purpose of the dual firing pin projections 60 is also to further absorb some of the large bore firing pin spring pressure to make it more near that of the standard rimfire weapon and to doubly insure that the rimfire cartridge fires.

It sometimes occurs that in manufacture of rimfire cartridges that the "paste powder" which is meant to fully fill the inside circumference of the shell rim does not occur. Therefore, when the small single point firing pin strikes that void area, the result is a "misfire". This is not uncommon in rimfire ammunition. The dual projections of the present firing pin, however, will nearly completely eliminate misfiring.

The loaded insert 11, if it is to be fired from a large bore weapon, can be carried with other inserts in a pocket or pack until such time that it is needed. An example is when a hunter encounters small game that he or she may wish to take with a small caliber bullet or bird shot. A "flare load" could also be carried in the insert in case of emergencies.

The present insert may be easily made to be distinguishable from ordinary brass cartridges. A primary distinguishing characteristic of the FIG. 5 version is that it does not have a bullet projecting from the breech end. The present insert is also preferably constructed of "blued" steel that is easily distinguishable from the bright brass color of ordinary cartridges. The insert of FIG. 8 is also easily discernible by the small rimfire bullet projecting from the insert panel end 43 or the plastic cap which will be provided in a distinctive color.

The insert is loaded into the barrel of a large bore weapon in the same manner as an ordinary cartridge is loaded into the barrel. The weapon is aimed and fired in the same manner as it is usually aimed and fired. However, the firing pin will strike the secondary firing pin 56 within the conical recess 65, moving it forwardly against resistance of the resilient means 62 to move the firing pin projections 60 into engagement with the cartridge rim 47. The force of engagement between the projections 60 and the cartridge rim 47 is sufficient to ignite the "primer" within the rim and the adjacent powder within the cartridge case. The expanding gases force the bullet from the cartridge end and through the bore 45 where, in the FIG. 5 version, the rifling 48 guides the bullet and causes it to spin on its axis. The bullet will leave the muzzle end of the insert and will move through the barrel of the large bore weapon without touching the walls of the bore thereof. The bullet will take the same path (through a shorter range) that the standard large bore center fire bullet would if fired from the same weapon.

The insert version shown in FIG. 8 will load into the firearm in much the same manner as the FIG. 5 version. However, prior to the loading step, a plastic cap 80 is pressed over the exposed bullet or "slug" 77 of the rimfire cartridge 12. The cap 80 is simply pressed over the slug 77 until the rearward cap end 81 comes into abutment with the insert barrel end 43. With the exception of the texture and color 80, the insert now assumes the same shape a corresponding large bore cartridge.

The capped insert will fire in the same manner as described above for the FIG. 5 insert version. Travel of the rimfire slug 77, however, is influenced by frictional engagement between the cap 80 and bore 90 of the firearm, rather than by the rifled insert bore of the FIG. 5 form. The slug 77 and expanding gases from burning powder will push the cap 80 through the weapon bore. As the slug leaves the cartridge case 78, expanded gases will press against the wedge groove 82 and cause the peripheral apron 83 to expand radially against the firearm bore 90. The deformed plastic material of cap 80 will conform to the bore and rifling and will be guided as such down the length of the barrel. The expanding gases are thus trapped behind the cap and slug, to force the cap 80 and slug 77 out the barrel with the barrel influencing or guiding the flight in the same manner as it would with a conventional large bore slug.

The cap 80 will continue along with the slug 77 through its trajectory and impact the target. This distinguishes the cap from other known bore reducing plastic "sabots" that fit behind the slug and drop from the slug's trajectory shortly following departure from the muzzle of the firing weapon. The cap 80 increases the weight of the slug 77 and its overall size to that of the firing weapon's bore. Flight characteristics will change from that normally produced by the rimfire cartridge. Greater striking impact and more penetration are realized; both being desirable characteristics when the target is small game.

When the insert has been fired, it is removed from the large bore weapon in the same manner that an ordinary cartridge would be removed. The breach block 51 is then removed and the spent casing of the rimfire cartridge can be removed from the barrel section. This is done either by using a short length of rod similar to the sight rod 35 for the pistol, or by simply using an available twig or branch of sufficient diameter and length. The rod or twig is inserted through the muzzle end 43 along the bore to engage the closed end of the cartridge and push it outwardly beyond the shoulder 46 where it can be pulled free of the barrel section. The barrel can then be reloaded and reattached to the breech block for further use.

The insert 11 of the FIG. 5 form is also as easily utilized by the present pistol body.

To load the insert into the pistol body, the muzzle nose piece 24 is first gripped and pulled outwardly to disengage the sight rod 35 from the frame recess. The nose piece is also rotated approximately 90.degree. about the axis of the rod 29 to the position shown by dashed lines in FIG. 3. This moves the sight rod 35 clear of the depression 22. It is noted that when the nose piece is pulled out, the compression spring 31 is placed under higher compression than when it is released.

The insert may then be placed in the depression 22 with the breech block back end 53 being received within the breech recess 23 and adjacent the primary firing pin 19. The nose piece 24 is then gripped again and pulled outwardly to move the inner facing surface of the nose piece outwardly clear of the muzzle end 43 of the insert. The nose piece is then rotated back to the operative position and released so the muzzle end 43 is received in the nose piece recess 25 and so the sight rod 35 is received in its complementary recess 38 along the frame. The pistol is then loaded and ready to fire.

Firing the pistol involves the simple process of cocking the hammer 17, aiming the pistol by using the appropriate sights 39 and sight rod 35, and firing by pulling the trigger 18. When the trigger is pulled, the hammer strikes the primary firing pin 19, driving it forward against the secondary firing pin 56 of the insert. The firing pin projection 20 will fit within the conical recess 65 of the secondary firing pin.

The forward force of the primary firing pin causes axial forward movement of the secondary firing pin 56, against the resistance of the resilient means 62. This resistance is overcome by the force in the forward direction, and the firing pin proceeds on forwardly to bring the two pin projections 60 forceably into contact with the rim 47 of the cartridge. The cartridge then fires and the bullet leaves the insert through the muzzle end 43 of the barrel section.

Unloading the pistol is accomplished by pulling the muzzle nose piece 24 outwardly until the sight rod end clears the frame and the nose piece recess moves clear of the insert muzzle end 43. The nose piece is then rotated to one side and released. The insert can then be removed from the frame recess and disassembled to allow access to the spent cartridge casing.

The sight rod 35 is used in this situation to drive the spent casing outwardly of the barrel section. This is done simply by inserting the now exposed sight rod end into the muzzle end of the bore 45 and moving it rearwardly to engage and push the spent cartridge casing from the barrel section. After this is done, a fresh cartridge can be inserted into the bore 45 and the breech block 51 threaded onto the barrel section. The now loaded insert can then be repositioned in the pistol for subsequent firing.

For convenience of having various loads ready to fire, several of the loaded inserts 11 may be carried.

It is noted that with a simple shim (not shown), a single pistol body can be made to accommodate barrel inserts 11 that are adapted to be received in different large bore weapons. For example, such a shim could be made to accommodate cartridge shaped inserts of a standard 30-06 or 0.270 caliber rifle cartridges. The "shim" would be held in place in the nose piece by a simple set screw (also not shown). The shim would give the 0.270 and, say, the 25.06, the same overall length and shoulder/neck measurements as the 30.06 cartridge case.

It is also pointed out that the nose piece and pistol frame can be quite easily designed to accommodate more than a single cartridge shaped barrel insert 11. In fact, it is contemplated that two or more inserts may be provided that could simply be shifted into alignment with the firing pin 19 by simply pulling the nose piece outwardly and rotating it to bring the successive insert into firing position.

In compliance with the statute, the invention has been described in language more or less specific as to structural features. It is to be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the specific features shown, since the means and construction herein disclosed comprise a preferred form of putting the invention into effect. The invention is, therefore, claimed in any of its forms or modifications within the proper scope of the appended claims, appropriately interpreted in accordance with the doctrine of equivalents.

## Claims

1. A cartridge insert for firing a small bore rimfire cartridge, having a casing and bullet, through the bore of a large bore center-fire weapon that normally fires a prescribed caliber center-fire cartridge having a bullet diameter larger than the bullet diameter of the small bore rimfire cartridge, said insert comprising: breech end for receiving the casing of a rimfire cartridge with the bullet thereof projecting outwardly of the forward barrel section end; a rimfire cartridge in response to being struck by the firing pin of a center-fire weapon; having a recess formed therein to be press fitted over the bullet of a rimfire cartridge protruding from the forward barrel section end such that there is intimate surface to surface contact between the cap and rimfire bullet, and wherein the cap further includes a peripheral apron about the recess for slidably engaging the bore of a center-fire weapon; and exterior surface configuration when mounted together with a rimfire cartridge in the bore of the barrel section corresponding to the external shape of a large bore center-fire cartridge of a prescribed caliber to facilitate loading, firing, and removal of the rimfire cartridge from a large bore center-fire weapon.

2. The insert as claimed by claim 1 further comprising an annular groove formed in the cap between the recess and peripheral apron, radially expansible in response to gas pressure from a fired rimfire cartridge within the bore of a center-fire weapon.

3. The insert as claimed by claim 2 wherein the cap is formed of a deformable plastic material.

4. The insert as claimed by claim 1 wherein the cap is formed of a deformable plastic material.

5. The insert as claimed by claim 1 wherein the cap includes an outside diameter less than the bore diameter of a corresponding large bore center-fire weapon; and against the bore wall of a corresponding large bore center-fire weapon and produce a sliding seal behind the cap in response to firing of the associated rimfire cartridge.

6. The insert as claimed by claim 1 wherein the recess includes an axial dimension from an open end on the cap to a closed end and wherein the axial recess dimension is less than the axial length of the bullet for a rimfire cartridge.

7. The insert as defined by claim 1 wherein the barrel section is cylindrical at the forward end thereof and wherein the cap includes a pointed forward end and cylindrical rearward end; and the forward barrel section end are similar to one another and to the bore diameter of a large bore center-fire weapon.

8. The insert as claimed by claim 1 further comprising: mechanism, adapted to receive the firing pin of a center fire weapon.

9. A cartridge insert for firing a small bore rimfire cartridge, having a casing and bullet, through the bore of a large bore center-fire weapon that normally fires a prescribed caliber center-fire cartridge having a bullet diameter larger than the bullet diameter of the small bore rimfire cartridge, said insert comprising: breech end for receiving the casing of a rimfire cartridge with the bullet thereof projecting outwardly of the forward barrel section end; a rimfire cartridge in response to being struck by the firing pin of a center-fire weapon; having a recess formed therein to be press fitted over the bullet of a rimfire cartridge protruding from the forward barrel section end such that there is intimate surface to surface contact between the cap and bullet, and wherein the cap further includes a peripheral apron about the recess for slidably engaging the bore of a center-fire weapon; and exterior surface configuration, when mounted together with a rimfire cartridge in the bore of the barrel section, corresponding to the external shape of a large bore center-fire cartridge of a prescribed caliber to facilitate loading, firing, and removal of the rimfire cartridge from a large bore center-fire weapon; a corresponding weapon and includes an annular groove formed in the cap between the recess and peripheral apron, radially expansible in response to gas pressure from a fired rimfire cartridge within the bore of a center-fire weapon.