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Highlights of women's earnings in 2020

In 2020, women who were full-time wage and salary workers had median 

usual weekly earnings that were 82 percent of those of male full-time wage 

and salary workers. In 1979, the first year for which comparable earnings 

data are available, women’s earnings were 62 percent of men’s. Most of 

the growth in women’s earnings relative to men’s occurred in the 1980s 

(when the women’s-to-men’s ratio went from 64 percent to 70 percent) and 

in the 1990s (when the ratio went from 72 percent to 77 percent). Since 

2004, the women’s-to-men’s earnings ratio has remained in the 80 to 83 

percent range. (See chart 1 and tables 1 and 12.)

Data on median weekly earnings for 2020 reflect the impact of the 

coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the labor market. Comparisons with data on earnings for earlier years should be 

interpreted with caution. Large declines in employment in 2020, particularly among low-wage workers (who were 

disproportionately affected by job loss related to the pandemic), resulted in changes in the median earnings distribution. 

This large and abrupt shift in the earnings distribution during the year manifested as an upward bump in the rate of 

earnings growth in 2020; however, the underlying rate of growth in workers’ median weekly earnings during the year is 

more difficult to discern because of the sudden, dramatic shift in the earnings distribution. More information on labor 

market developments in 2020 is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/effects-of-covid-19-pandemic-and-response-on-theemployment-situation-news-release.htm.

September 2021 | Report 1094
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This report presents earnings data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a national monthly sample survey of 

about 60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The weekly and hourly earnings estimates in this report reflect information collected from one-fourth of the households in 

the monthly survey and averaged for the calendar year. The data in this report are distinct from the annual earnings 

estimates for full-time, year-round workers collected separately in the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) 

to the CPS and published by the U.S. Census Bureau. (See the BLS website for an explanation of the differences in 

these datasets.)

The earnings comparisons in this report are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that can be important in 

explaining earnings differences, such as job skills and responsibilities, work experience, and specialization. The 

earnings estimates referenced throughout this report are medians. The median is the midpoint in the earnings 

distribution, with half of workers having earnings above the median level and half having earnings below.

See the technical notes for more information, including a description of the source of the data and an explanation of the 

concepts and definitions used in this report.
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Earnings of full-time workers

This report highlights data for women and men who usually work full time (35 hours or more per week) in wage and 

salary jobs, with sections focusing on characteristics, such as age, race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, education, 

occupation, and more.

Earnings by age group

In 2020, median weekly earnings were $891 for all women age 16 and older. For men age 16 and older, median weekly 

earnings were $1,082. Women’s median weekly earnings were highest for those between the ages of 35 to 44, with 

earnings of $978, and those ages 45 to 54, with earnings of $977. Women ages 55 to 64 had earnings that were slightly 

lower, at $955. For men, earnings were highest for 45- to 54-year-olds, with earnings of $1,260. Men ages 55 to 64 and 

ages 35 to 44 had earnings that were slightly lower, $1,228 and $1,205, respectively. Young women and men ages 16 to 

24 had the lowest earnings ($589 and $622, respectively). (See chart 2 and table 1.)

 

In 2020, women’s earnings ranged from 78 percent to 81 percent of men’s among workers age 35 and older. For those 

under age 35, the earnings differences between women and men were smaller. Women ages 25 to 34 earned 90 

percent of what men did, while women ages 16 to 24 earned 95 percent of what men earned. The earnings difference 
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between men and women has historically been smaller for those under age 35 than for those in older age groups. (See 

tables 1 and 12.)

Women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios have grown substantially for most age groups since 1979. For young workers ages 

16 to 24, the gains occurred primarily in the 1980s. For workers ages 25 to 64, the gains continued into the 2000s, but 

have tapered off in recent years. (See table 12.)

Earnings by race and ethnicity

Asian women and men earned more than their White, Black, and Hispanic counterparts in 2020. Among women, Whites 

($905) earned 79 percent as much as Asians ($1,143); Blacks ($764) earned 67 percent; and Hispanics ($705) earned 

62 percent. Among men, these earnings differences were even larger: White men ($1,110) earned 77 percent as much 

as Asian men ($1,447); Black men ($830) earned 57 percent as much; and Hispanic men ($797) earned 55 percent. 

(See chart 3 and table 1.)

Earnings differences between women and men were largest among Asians and among Whites. Asian women earned 79 

percent as much as Asian men in 2020, and White women earned 82 percent as much as White men. In comparison, 

Black women had median earnings that were 92 percent of Black men’s, and Hispanic women’s earnings were 89 

percent of Hispanic men’s. (See table 1.)
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Women’s earnings have increased considerably since 1979 (the first year for which comparable data for Whites, Blacks, 

and Hispanics are available), with White women experiencing the greatest earnings growth. From 1979 to 2019, 

inflation-adjusted median weekly earnings (also called constant-dollar earnings) increased by 39 percent for White 

women, by 27 percent for Black women, and by 24 percent for Hispanic women. For White and Black women, gains 

tapered off around 2004 and showed little net growth through 2019. By contrast, Hispanic women’s earnings remained 

on an upward trend, although substantial earnings growth for them did not begin until the late 1990s. Earnings of White, 

Black, and Hispanic women increased from 2019 to 2020, but these increases must be interpreted with caution due to 

the pandemic-related employment declines in 2020. These employment declines, which were most notable among lower 

paid workers, put upward pressure on median weekly earnings estimates. (See table 18.)

The long-term trend in men’s earnings has been quite different than that for women. Inflation-adjusted earnings for White 

and Black men trended down from 1979 through the first part of the 1990s, followed by a period of growth that stalled in 

the early 2000s. For Hispanic men, earnings also declined from 1979 through the mid-1990s, then began to trend up. 

From 1979 through 2019, inflation-adjusted earnings showed little change on net for White (6 percent), Black (3 

percent), and Hispanic (4 percent) men. Median weekly earnings increased from 2019 to 2020 for White, Black, and 

Hispanic men, but these increases reflect the effects of the pandemic-related employment declines and must be 

interpreted with caution. (See table 18.)

Between 2000 and 2019, inflation-adjusted earnings for Asian women and men remained on an upward trend, with 

earnings increasing somewhat less for women than men (26 percent and 31 percent, respectively). (Data for Asians are 

not available prior to 2000.) Median earnings estimates for Asian men and women both increased sharply from 2019 to 

2020, but again, these increases likely reflect the impact of pandemic-related employment declines on the earnings 

distributions. (See table 18.)

Earnings by educational attainment

Median weekly earnings vary significantly by educational attainment. Among all workers age 25 and older, the weekly 

earnings of those without a high school diploma ($619) were 44 percent of those with a bachelor’s degree and higher 

($1,421) in 2020. For workers with a high school diploma who had not attended college, median earnings ($781) were 

55 percent of those for workers with a bachelor’s degree and higher. Those with some college or an associate’s degree 

(median weekly earnings of $903) made 64 percent of what workers with a bachelor’s degree and higher made. (See 

table 1.)

In each educational attainment category, the long-term trend in inflation-adjusted earnings has been more favorable for 

women than for men. The inflation-adjusted earnings of women without a high school diploma changed little (a 4-percent 

increase) between 1979 and 2020. By contrast, inflation-adjusted earnings for men declined by 20 percent. For those 

with a bachelor’s degree or higher, inflation-adjusted earnings for women have increased by 41 percent since 1979, 

while earnings for men have risen by 25 percent. (Data refer to workers age 25 and older.) (See chart 4 and table 19.)
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Earnings by occupation

Women and men working full time in management, business, and financial operations occupations had higher median 

weekly earnings than workers in any other major occupational category in 2020 ($1,274 for women and $1,667 for men). 

Within this category, the highest earning women were chief executives ($2,051) and computer and information systems 

managers ($1,910). Men in these two occupation groups earned $2,712 and $2,091, respectively. (See table 2.)

The second-highest paying occupational category for women and men was professional and related occupations 

($1,121 for women and $1,532 for men). This is a broad occupational category made up of several distinct job groupings 

for specialized fields, such as computer science and math, architecture and engineering, law, education, and healthcare. 

Within this diverse category, women who were pharmacists ($2,160), other physicians ($1,905), and physician 

assistants ($1,894) had the highest median weekly earnings in 2020. For men, those who were lawyers ($2,324), other 

physicians ($2,311), and pharmacists ($2,286) earned the most. (See table 2.)

Women and men employed in service occupations earned the least in 2020 ($574 for women and $704 for men). Within 

this category, women who were employed as fast food and counter workers ($470) and food preparation workers ($489) 

had the lowest median weekly earnings. For men, those who were employed as fast food and counter workers ($462) 

and cooks ($512) earned the least. 
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Occupational distributions of women and men

The occupational distributions of female and male full-time workers differ considerably. Compared with men, relatively 

few women work in natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations and women are far more 

concentrated in office and administrative support jobs. (See chart 5 and table 2.)

Women also are more likely than men to work in professional and related occupations. In 2020, 33 percent of women 

worked in professional and related occupations, compared with 21 percent of men. Within the professional category, 

though, the proportion of women employed in the higher paying jobs is much smaller than the proportion of men 

employed in them. In 2020, 11 percent of women in professional and related occupations were employed in the relatively 

high-paying computer (median weekly earnings of $1,423 for women and $1,738 for men) and engineering ($1,382 for 

women and $1,626 for men) occupations, compared with 48 percent of men. Women were over twice as likely to work in 

education ($1,026 for women and $1,327 for men) and healthcare ($1,153 for women and $1,506 for men) jobs, which 

generally pay less than computer and engineering jobs. Sixty-six percent of women in professional occupations worked 

in education and healthcare jobs in 2020, compared with 29 percent of men. (See table 2.)

Across all occupational categories, the three most common jobs for women were registered nurse ($1,240), elementary 

and middle school teacher ($1,085), and secretaries and administrative assistants ($777). Collectively, these 

occupations employed 6.3 million women in 2020, representing 13 percent of women in full-time wage and salary jobs.
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Among men, the most common job by far was truck driver (driver/sales workers and truck drivers, $916). In 2020, 2.4 

million, or 4 percent, of all male full-wage and salary workers were truck drivers. Although engineering jobs are shown 

separately by specialty (civil, mechanical, etc.) in this report, if combined, engineer would be the second most common 

job for men. In 2020, a total of 1.8 million men were employed full time in the 16 designated engineering specialties 

(median weekly earnings ranging from $1,595 to $1,993). (See table 2.)

Earnings for workers with and without children under 18

In 2020, about one-third of full-time wage and salary workers were parents of children under age 18. (As defined here, 

“children” include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children under age 18 who live in the household.) Median 

weekly earnings for mothers of children under age 18 ($909) were higher than the earnings for women without children 

under 18 ($882). Earnings for fathers of children under 18, at $1,229, were higher than the earnings of $1,005 for men 

without children under 18. (See table 7.)

Earnings by state of residence

Median weekly earnings and women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios vary by state of residence. (In this report, “state” refers 

to the 50 states and the District of Columbia.) The differences among the states reflect, in part, variation in the 

occupations and industries found in each state and differences in the demographic composition of each state’s labor 

force. Readers should note that sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national 

estimates. (See the technical notes section for an explanation of sampling error.) Consequently, earnings comparisons 

between states should be made with caution. Readers also should note that the state estimates are based on workers’ 

state of residence; their reported earnings are not necessarily from a job located in the same state. (See table 3.)

Weekly work hours of full-time workers

Among full-time workers (that is, those usually working at a job 35 hours or more per week), men are more likely than 

women to work more than 40 hours per week. In 2020, 23 percent of men who usually work full time worked 41 or more 

hours per week, compared with 14 percent of women. Women were more likely than men to work 35 to 39 hours per 

week: 10 percent of women worked such hours in 2020, while 4 percent of men did. A majority of both male (73 percent) 

and female (76 percent) full-time workers had a 40-hour workweek. Among these workers, women earned 87 percent as 

much as men. (These percentages are calculated excluding people who usually work 35 or more hours per week and 

whose hours vary.) (See table 5.)

Earnings of part-time workers

Women are more likely than men to work part time—that is, less than 35 hours per week on a sole or main job. Women 

who worked part time made up 22 percent of all female wage and salary workers in 2020. In comparison, 11 percent of 

men in wage and salary jobs worked part time. (See tables 4 and 5.)

Median weekly earnings for female part-timers were $309 in 2020, little different than the $305 median for men. (See 

table 4.)
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Part-time workers are more likely to be under age 25 than full-time workers. Among part-timers, 29 percent of women 

and 42 percent of men were under age 25 in 2020. Among full-time workers, 8 percent of women and 9 percent of men 

were under age 25. (See tables 1 and 4.)

Earnings of workers paid by the hour

In 2020, 58 percent of women and 54 percent of men in wage and salary jobs were paid by the hour. Women who were 

paid hourly rates had median hourly earnings of $15.22 in 2020, which were 86 percent of the $17.75 median for men. 

(See tables 8 and 11.)

Among workers who were paid hourly rates in 2020, 2 percent of women and 1 percent of men had hourly earnings at or 

below the prevailing federal minimum wage of $7.25. (See tables 10 and 11.) See the technical notes section for 

information about BLS estimates of the number of minimum wage workers.
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Statistical Tables

Characteristic

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Age

Total, 16 years and older 110,387 $984 $2 49,476 $891 $3 60,911 $1,082 $5 82.3

16 to 24 years 9,364 606 3 4,172 589 4 5,191 622 4 94.7

16 to 19 years 1,336 497 5 536 464 11 800 513 6 90.4

20 to 24 years 8,027 624 4 3,636 606 4 4,391 648 5 93.5

25 years and older 101,024 1,029 3 45,304 929 3 55,720 1,144 3 81.2

25 to 34 years 27,661 904 4 12,375 852 6 15,287 952 6 89.5

35 to 44 years 25,641 1,106 6 11,293 978 7 14,348 1,205 9 81.2

45 to 54 years 23,814 1,129 6 10,853 977 7 12,961 1,260 9 77.5

55 to 64 years 19,017 1,096 8 8,683 955 7 10,334 1,228 11 77.8

65 years and older 4,890 999 11 2,100 897 12 2,790 1,115 19 80.4

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White 85,142 1,003 3 37,091 905 3 48,051 1,110 5 81.5

Black or African American 14,044 794 6 7,335 764 5 6,709 830 9 92.0

Asian 7,353 1,310 21 3,269 1,143 14 4,084 1,447 20 79.0

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 19,558 758 4 7,863 705 5 11,695 797 5 88.5

Marital Status

Never married 33,818 792 3 15,119 765 4 18,699 814 4 94.0

Married, spouse present(1) 60,048 1,133 3 24,915 981 4 35,132 1,250 5 78.5

Widowed, divorced, or separated(2) 16,521 929 6 9,442 853 9 7,079 1,034 12 82.5

Widowed 1,653 881 20 1,187 816 21 466 1,032 47 79.1

Divorced 11,245 980 7 6,413 904 8 4,832 1,087 12 83.2

Separated(2) 3,623 797 11 1,842 710 10 1,781 914 13 77.7

Union Affiliation(3)

Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics, 2020 annual averages

See footnotes at end of table.
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Footnotes

(1) Beginning with data for 2020, includes people in both opposite-sex and same-sex marriages. Prior to 2020, included only people in opposite-sex marriages.

(2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent.

(3) Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, 

industry, and geographic region.

(4) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.

(5) Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; 

estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Characteristic

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Members of unions(4) 12,987 1,144 5 5,817 1,067 10 7,171 1,216 10 87.7

Represented by unions(5) 14,486 1,138 5 6,529 1,057 9 7,957 1,210 9 87.4

Not represented by a union 95,901 958 3 42,947 862 4 52,953 1,051 5 82.0

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and older 101,024 1,029 3 45,304 929 3 55,720 1,144 3 81.2

Less than a high school diploma 5,699 619 3 1,829 525 6 3,870 674 6 77.9

High school graduates, no college 24,153 781 3 9,140 671 4 15,013 881 5 76.2

Some college or associate degree 25,413 903 4 11,677 779 4 13,736 1,027 7 75.9

Bachelor's degree and higher 45,759 1,421 5 22,658 1,239 5 23,100 1,644 8 75.4

Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics, 2020 annual averages

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Total, full-time wage and salary workers 110,387 $984 $2 49,476 $891 $3 60,911 $1,082 $5 82.3

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
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Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Management, professional and related 

occupations 50,023 1,356 4 25,933 1,164 4 24,090 1,578 9 73.8

Management, business, and financial 

operations occupations 20,811 1,461 7 9,729 1,274 12 11,082 1,667 17 76.4

Management occupations 13,517 1,541 9 5,747 1,347 12 7,770 1,737 16 77.5

Chief executives 1,157 2,402 32 363 2,051 91 794 2,712 109 75.6

General and operations managers 983 1,453 23 281 1,241 30 702 1,541 37 80.5

Legislators 11 - - 3 - - 9 - - -

Advertising and promotions 

managers

46 - - 27 - - 19 - - -

Marketing managers 483 1,537 80 284 1,435 129 199 1,732 174 82.9

Sales managers 495 1,794 85 163 1,411 64 332 1,896 22 74.4

Public relations and fundraising 

managers

74 1,344 62 50 1,286 123 25 - - -

Administrative services managers 62 1,284 375 41 - - 22 - - -

Facilities managers 122 1,318 172 33 - - 89 1,389 83 -

Computer and information systems 

managers

703 2,018 71 187 1,910 29 516 2,091 32 91.3

Financial managers 1,228 1,492 48 624 1,242 35 603 1,880 30 66.1

Compensation and benefits 

managers

14 - - 13 - - 1 - - -

Human resources managers 264 1,644 61 194 1,599 79 70 1,748 62 91.5

Training and development managers 47 - - 20 - - 27 - - -

Industrial production managers 248 1,550 35 53 1,402 238 195 1,582 74 88.6

Purchasing managers 221 1,544 46 98 1,441 73 123 1,636 46 88.1

Transportation, storage, and 

distribution managers 266 972 36 55 943 37 212 989 48 95.3

Farmers, ranchers, and other 

agricultural managers 109 874 83 17 - - 92 874 75 -

Construction managers 606 1,575 41 50 1,368 133 556 1,586 55 86.3

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
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Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Education and childcare 

administrators 846 1,462 25 560 1,400 29 286 1,590 57 88.1

Architectural and engineering 

managers

155 2,413 358 15 - - 140 2,402 369 -

Food service managers 707 877 31 344 791 30 363 1,006 23 78.6

Funeral home managers 6 - - 3 - - 4 - - -

Entertainment and recreation 

managers

34 - - 9 - - 24 - - -

Lodging managers 74 888 68 38 - - 36 - - -

Medical and health services 

managers

629 1,555 51 438 1,464 34 192 1,839 81 79.6

Natural sciences managers 11 - - 8 - - 3 - - -

Postmasters and mail 

superintendents 19 - - 10 - - 9 - - -

Property, real estate, and community 

association managers 433 1,140 15 224 1,086 49 209 1,182 102 91.9

Social and community service 

managers

330 1,234 27 240 1,163 24 90 1,580 261 73.6

Emergency management directors 10 - - 3 - - 7 - - -

Personal service managers, all other 2 - - 1 - - 1 - - -

Managers, all other 3,120 1,564 23 1,299 1,379 22 1,821 1,749 20 78.8

Business and financial operations 

occupations 7,294 1,363 10 3,982 1,209 17 3,312 1,550 16 78.0

Agents and business managers of 

artists, performers, and athletes 27 - - 15 - - 12 - - -

Buyers and purchasing agents, farm 

products 9 - - 4 - - 5 - - -

Wholesale and retail buyers, except 

farm products 130 1,053 115 66 1,066 192 64 1,047 115 101.8

Purchasing agents, except 

wholesale, retail, and farm products 219 1,231 46 113 1,138 30 106 1,387 87 82.0

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
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Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Claims adjusters, appraisers, 

examiners, and investigators 325 1,108 64 203 967 49 122 1,336 38 72.4

Compliance officers 286 1,372 46 167 1,371 52 119 1,373 91 99.9

Cost estimators 111 1,434 82 15 - - 96 1,456 84 -

Human resources workers 739 1,251 29 553 1,174 34 185 1,443 97 81.4

Compensation, benefits, and job 

analysis specialists 67 1,143 73 53 1,041 47 14 - - -

Training and development specialists 103 1,255 107 60 1,171 221 43 - - -

Logisticians 134 1,173 159 50 1,140 42 84 1,256 56 90.8

Project management specialists 644 1,560 76 295 1,468 38 350 1,693 85 86.7

Management analysts 658 1,629 45 273 1,455 50 384 1,856 63 78.4

Meeting, convention, and event 

planners 92 1,049 32 63 996 32 29 - - -

Fundraisers 91 1,479 82 65 1,486 118 26 - - -

Market research analysts and 

marketing specialists 358 1,326 127 212 1,198 47 145 1,608 70 74.5

Business operations specialists, all 

other 271 1,273 112 144 1,086 60 126 1,540 58 70.5

Accountants and auditors 1,488 1,298 46 893 1,186 24 595 1,520 34 78.0

Property appraisers and assessors 51 1,225 136 19 - - 32 - - -

Budget analysts 66 1,461 31 32 - - 33 - - -

Credit analysts 20 - - 11 - - 9 - - -

Financial and investment analysts 310 1,590 50 128 1,488 68 182 1,742 46 85.4

Personal financial advisors 400 1,638 116 149 1,291 131 251 1,900 30 67.9

Insurance underwriters 101 1,261 64 59 1,141 44 42 - - -

Financial examiners 21 - - 13 - - 8 - - -

Credit counselors and loan officers 391 1,199 92 222 1,013 29 169 1,492 118 67.9

Tax examiners and collectors, and 

revenue agents 59 1,086 125 33 - - 26 - - -

Tax preparers 44 - - 27 - - 17 - - -

Other financial specialists 80 1,328 197 43 - - 37 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
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Page 15

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Professional and related occupations 29,213 1,270 6 16,204 1,121 5 13,008 1,532 9 73.2

Computer and mathematical 

occupations 5,083 1,633 17 1,246 1,423 23 3,838 1,738 17 81.9

Computer and information research 

scientists 39 - - 9 - - 30 - - -

Computer systems analysts 529 1,515 29 175 1,413 53 353 1,621 51 87.2

Information security analysts 125 2,078 57 11 - - 114 2,082 27 -

Computer programmers 388 1,653 42 82 1,529 304 307 1,673 77 91.4

Software developers 1,742 1,920 33 322 1,728 106 1,420 2,004 29 86.2

Software quality assurance analysts 

and testers 94 1,697 560 21 - - 73 1,977 226 -

Web developers 78 1,554 34 18 - - 60 1,551 32 -

Web or digital interface designers 52 1,158 62 22 - - 30 - - -

Computer support specialists 584 1,147 22 157 1,095 38 427 1,163 24 94.2

Database administrators and 

architects 107 1,725 102 29 - - 78 1,718 139 -

Network and computer systems 

administrators 235 1,438 36 48 - - 187 1,461 43 -

Computer network architects 93 1,902 88 10 - - 83 1,980 203 -

Computer occupations, all other 716 1,394 44 199 1,161 35 517 1,456 37 79.7

Actuaries 24 - - 9 - - 15 - - -

Mathematicians 2 - - 1 - - 2 - - -

Operations research analysts 154 1,615 106 73 1,460 58 81 1,786 172 81.7

Statisticians 53 1,572 120 30 - - 24 - - -

Other mathematical science 

occupations 68 1,416 91 30 - - 38 - - -

Architecture and engineering 

occupations 2,933 1,575 21 467 1,382 35 2,466 1,626 21 85.0

Architects, except landscape and 

naval 136 1,537 47 34 - - 101 1,549 43 -

Landscape architects 15 - - 5 - - 11 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 16

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Surveyors, cartographers, and 

photogrammetrists 38 - - 3 - - 36 - - -

Aerospace engineers 121 1,939 150 14 - - 107 1,993 154 -

Agricultural engineers 6 - - 0 - - 6 - - -

Biomedical engineers 22 - - 10 - - 12 - - -

Chemical engineers 70 1,862 182 14 - - 55 1,900 39 -

Civil engineers 370 1,611 54 54 1,588 41 317 1,629 71 97.5

Computer hardware engineers 84 1,889 41 18 - - 66 1,884 36 -

Electrical and electronics engineers 243 1,864 49 30 - - 213 1,866 53 -

Environmental engineers 26 - - 11 - - 15 - - -

Industrial engineers, including health 

and safety 225 1,584 35 46 - - 179 1,595 35 -

Marine engineers and naval 

architects 18 - - 0 - - 18 - - -

Materials engineers 52 1,586 86 10 - - 42 - - -

Mechanical engineers 348 1,713 86 31 - - 317 1,736 29 -

Mining and geological engineers, 

including mining safety engineers 15 - - 2 - - 13 - - -

Nuclear engineers 9 - - 1 - - 7 - - -

Petroleum engineers 18 - - 2 - - 16 - - -

Engineers, all other 543 1,746 18 83 1,463 130 460 1,759 18 83.2

Architectural and civil drafters 34 - - 9 - - 25 - - -

Other drafters 77 1,126 61 16 - - 60 1,137 63 -

Electrical and electronic engineering 

technologists and technicians 81 1,172 162 3 - - 78 1,198 76 -

Other engineering technologists and 

technicians, except drafters 340 1,119 65 65 900 28 275 1,186 51 75.9

Surveying and mapping technicians 43 - - 6 - - 38 - - -

Life, physical, and social science 

occupations 1,401 1,336 32 666 1,202 31 735 1,450 33 82.9

Agricultural and food scientists 26 - - 11 - - 15 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 17

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Biological scientists 72 1,141 44 35 - - 37 - - -

Conservation scientists and foresters 11 - - 3 - - 8 - - -

Medical scientists 114 1,612 193 60 1,372 248 53 2,103 68 65.2

Life scientists, all other 7 - - 3 - - 4 - - -

Astronomers and physicists 19 - - 9 - - 10 - - -

Atmospheric and space scientists 9 - - 4 - - 5 - - -

Chemists and materials scientists 83 1,362 50 34 - - 50 1,435 80 -

Environmental scientists and 

specialists, including health 39 - - 20 - - 19 - - -

Geoscientists and hydrologists, 

except geographers 43 - - 8 - - 34 - - -

Physical scientists, all other 324 1,438 49 149 1,325 93 175 1,728 339 76.7

Economists 26 - - 11 - - 15 - - -

Survey researchers 5 - - 3 - - 1 - - -

Clinical and counseling psychologists 8 - - 5 - - 3 - - -

School psychologists 34 - - 29 - - 5 - - -

Other psychologists 63 1,435 60 50 1,302 130 13 - - -

Sociologists 3 - - 2 - - 1 - - -

Urban and regional planners 47 - - 19 - - 29 - - -

Miscellaneous social scientists and 

related workers 39 - - 15 - - 24 - - -

Agricultural and food science 

technicians 38 - - 15 - - 24 - - -

Biological technicians 22 - - 15 - - 7 - - -

Chemical technicians 64 1,039 60 25 - - 39 - - -

Geoscience and environmental 

science technicians 18 - - 6 - - 13 - - -

Nuclear technicians 6 - - 0 - - 6 - - -

Social science research assistants 3 - - 1 - - 2 - - -

Other life, physical, and social 

science technicians 202 1,074 51 111 1,047 35 90 1,116 50 93.8

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 18

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Occupational health and safety 

specialists and technicians 77 1,444 122 24 - - 53 1,423 51 -

Community and social service 

occupations 2,187 1,003 12 1,484 976 15 703 1,103 35 88.5

Substance abuse and behavioral 

disorder counselors 99 950 49 82 966 45 17 - - -

Educational, guidance, and career 

counselors and advisors 294 1,080 41 222 1,061 58 72 1,133 41 93.6

Marriage and family therapists 22 - - 19 - - 3 - - -

Mental health counselors 86 1,066 41 65 1,089 55 21 - - -

Rehabilitation counselors 24 - - 13 - - 11 - - -

Counselors, all other 132 956 56 85 947 46 47 - - -

Child, family, and school social 

workers 58 894 24 51 894 22 7 - - -

Healthcare social workers 70 1,152 27 61 1,139 26 9 - - -

Mental health and substance abuse 

social workers 19 - - 17 - - 2 - - -

Social workers, all other 593 985 21 509 972 26 84 1,170 66 83.1

Probation officers and correctional 

treatment specialists 111 1,058 33 58 977 86 53 1,203 54 81.2

Social and human service assistants 168 841 74 133 803 36 35 - - -

Other community and social service 

specialists 83 1,034 74 62 1,045 76 22 - - -

Clergy 353 1,055 63 61 858 114 292 1,131 32 75.9

Directors, religious activities and 

education 36 - - 22 - - 14 - - -

Religious workers, all other 38 - - 24 - - 14 - - -

Legal occupations 1,410 1,540 24 812 1,252 37 599 2,275 98 55.0

Lawyers 821 2,097 133 351 1,665 104 470 2,324 79 71.6

Judicial law clerks 15 - - 11 - - 4 - - -

Judges, magistrates, and other 

judicial workers 60 1,856 594 34 - - 26 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 19

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Paralegals and legal assistants 343 942 22 295 918 23 48 - - -

Title examiners, abstractors, and 

searchers 101 1,136 55 76 989 95 25 - - -

Legal support workers, all other 71 1,042 57 46 - - 25 - - -

Education, training, and library 

occupations 7,012 1,096 9 5,142 1,026 9 1,870 1,327 24 77.3

Postsecondary teachers 891 1,516 37 448 1,384 29 443 1,633 48 84.8

Preschool and kindergarten teachers 412 721 27 411 721 26 2 - - -

Elementary and middle school 

teachers 3,064 1,118 10 2,430 1,085 11 634 1,258 19 86.2

Secondary school teachers 914 1,199 22 530 1,149 17 383 1,319 54 87.1

Special education teachers 301 1,044 21 244 1,036 22 58 1,102 188 94.0

Tutors 42 - - 31 - - 11 - - -

Other teachers and instructors 376 1,061 40 231 942 30 145 1,314 132 71.7

Archivists, curators, and museum 

technicians 46 - - 27 - - 19 - - -

Librarians and media collections 

specialists 120 1,073 122 100 1,127 56 19 - - -

Library technicians 17 - - 14 - - 2 - - -

Teacher assistants 714 617 12 591 604 11 123 732 40 82.5

Other educational instruction and 

library workers 116 1,145 68 85 1,108 97 31 - - -

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and 

media occupations 1,681 1,179 25 804 1,128 25 877 1,252 21 90.1

Artists and related workers 87 1,116 67 28 - - 59 1,152 55 -

Commercial and industrial designers 6 - - 3 - - 3 - - -

Fashion designers 24 - - 16 - - 7 - - -

Floral designers 38 - - 27 - - 11 - - -

Graphic designers 209 1,230 31 119 1,140 35 91 1,395 223 81.7

Interior designers 74 1,107 53 55 1,021 235 19 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 20

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Merchandise displayers and window 

trimmers 22 - - 12 - - 10 - - -

Other designers 271 1,210 66 101 1,107 154 170 1,234 69 89.7

Actors 10 - - 5 - - 6 - - -

Producers and directors 123 1,499 135 60 1,548 168 63 1,458 48 106.2

Athletes and sports competitors 21 - - 2 - - 19 - - -

Coaches and scouts 90 931 49 36 - - 54 946 80 -

Umpires, referees, and other sports 

officials 9 - - 1 - - 9 - - -

Dancers and choreographers 4 - - 4 - - 0 - - -

Music directors and composers 16 - - 3 - - 13 - - -

Musicians and singers 12 - - 2 - - 10 - - -

Disc jockeys, except radio disc 

jockeys 1 - - 0 - - 1 - - -

Entertainers and performers, sports 

and related workers, all other 7 - - 3 - - 5 - - -

Broadcast announcers and radio disc 

jockeys 18 - - 2 - - 16 - - -

News analysts, reporters, and 

journalists 62 1,044 144 34 - - 29 - - -

Public relations specialists 128 1,553 40 80 1,452 275 48 - - -

Editors 57 1,237 40 29 - - 28 - - -

Technical writers 53 1,347 115 26 - - 28 - - -

Writers and authors 98 1,257 61 64 1,127 77 35 - - -

Interpreters and translators 44 - - 25 - - 18 - - -

Court reporters and simultaneous 

captioners 21 - - 18 - - 3 - - -

Media and communication workers, 

all other 14 - - 6 - - 8 - - -

Broadcast, sound, and lighting 

technicians 53 1,001 42 6 - - 47 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 21

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Photographers 66 990 38 30 - - 36 - - -

Television, video, and film camera 

operators and editors 40 - - 10 - - 30 - - -

Media and communication equipment 

workers, all other 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - -

Healthcare practitioners and technical 

occupations 7,504 1,227 10 5,584 1,153 7 1,921 1,506 29 76.6

Chiropractors 9 - - 2 - - 8 - - -

Dentists 58 2,079 130 18 - - 41 - - -

Dietitians and nutritionists 83 1,009 61 77 1,019 55 5 - - -

Optometrists 21 - - 10 - - 11 - - -

Pharmacists 241 2,222 90 134 2,160 142 108 2,286 36 94.5

Emergency medicine physicians 10 - - 2 - - 8 - - -

Radiologists 20 - - 5 - - 15 - - -

Other physicians 752 2,102 238 313 1,905 43 439 2,311 134 82.4

Surgeons 48 - - 16 - - 32 - - -

Physician assistants 113 1,911 48 67 1,894 69 47 - - -

Podiatrists 5 - - 1 - - 4 - - -

Audiologists 13 - - 12 - - 1 - - -

Occupational therapists 96 1,373 37 85 1,357 32 11 - - -

Physical therapists 209 1,468 60 135 1,451 31 74 1,591 109 91.2

Radiation therapists 11 - - 3 - - 8 - - -

Recreational therapists 11 - - 7 - - 3 - - -

Respiratory therapists 100 1,162 62 71 1,093 35 29 - - -

Speech-language pathologists 152 1,297 45 143 1,272 35 8 - - -

Exercise physiologists 5 - - 4 - - 0 - - -

Therapists, all other 159 1,043 49 130 986 54 29 - - -

Veterinarians 55 1,795 163 36 - - 19 - - -

Registered nurses 2,701 1,262 13 2,337 1,240 13 364 1,454 41 85.3

Nurse anesthetists 30 - - 16 - - 15 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 22

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Nurse midwives 7 - - 7 - - 0 - - -

Nurse practitioners 171 1,872 67 145 1,867 51 26 - - -

Acupuncturists 7 - - 3 - - 4 - - -

Health diagnosing and treating 

practitioners, all other 1 - - 1 - - 0 - - -

Clinical laboratory technologists and 

technicians 289 1,028 57 211 946 36 78 1,195 75 79.2

Dental hygienists 96 1,125 63 89 1,083 89 7 - - -

Cardiovascular technologists and 

technicians 37 - - 25 - - 12 - - -

Diagnostic medical sonographers 73 1,227 87 61 1,208 127 12 - - -

Radiologic technologists and 

technicians 222 1,103 29 145 1,063 37 77 1,234 42 86.1

Magnetic resonance imaging 

technologists 45 - - 21 - - 24 - - -

Nuclear medicine technologists and 

medical dosimetrists 39 - - 18 - - 21 - - -

Emergency medical technicians 134 844 33 44 - - 90 936 148 -

Paramedics 65 1,163 53 23 - - 43 - - -

Pharmacy technicians 257 723 19 199 700 19 58 814 59 86.0

Psychiatric technicians 53 658 72 48 - - 5 - - -

Surgical technologists 74 875 36 49 - - 25 - - -

Veterinary technologists and 

technicians 73 655 43 65 633 39 8 - - -

Dietetic technicians and ophthalmic 

medical technicians 44 - - 34 - - 10 - - -

Licensed practical and licensed 

vocational nurses 500 875 26 445 864 24 55 964 34 89.6

Medical records specialists 166 888 30 162 893 29 4 - - -

Opticians, dispensing 32 - - 27 - - 4 - - -

Miscellaneous health technologists 

and technicians 143 888 28 93 825 37 51 1,120 112 73.7

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 23

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Other healthcare practitioners and 

technical occupations 73 1,254 42 43 - - 30 - - -

Service occupations 13,771 621 3 7,032 574 4 6,740 704 5 81.5

Healthcare support occupations 3,210 606 4 2,678 600 4 532 640 15 93.8

Home health aides 310 549 14 283 551 14 27 - - -

Personal care aides 788 543 12 612 537 12 176 567 26 94.7

Nursing assistants 966 595 8 851 588 7 115 689 28 85.3

Orderlies and psychiatric aides 57 663 72 30 - - 27 - - -

Occupational therapy assistants and 

aides 26 - - 21 - - 5 - - -

Physical therapist assistants and aides 58 964 30 37 - - 21 - - -

Massage therapists 38 - - 25 - - 14 - - -

Dental assistants 204 661 18 193 663 19 11 - - -

Medical assistants 450 675 14 407 665 17 44 - - -

Medical transcriptionists 29 - - 24 - - 4 - - -

Pharmacy aides 32 - - 21 - - 11 - - -

Veterinary assistants and laboratory 

animal caretakers 42 - - 31 - - 12 - - -

Phlebotomists 86 614 19 70 612 19 15 - - -

Other healthcare support workers 124 682 28 73 615 18 51 738 24 83.3

Protective service occupations 2,690 982 12 610 768 21 2,080 1,043 23 73.6

First-line supervisors of correctional 

officers 51 976 98 16 - - 34 - - -

First-line supervisors of police and 

detectives 92 1,551 63 11 - - 80 1,553 59 -

First-line supervisors of fire fighting and 

prevention workers 34 - - 4 - - 30 - - -

First-line supervisors of security 

workers 67 946 116 24 - - 44 - - -

First-line supervisors of protective 

service workers, all other 8 - - 0 - - 8 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 24

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Firefighters 320 1,233 38 16 - - 304 1,256 33 -

Fire inspectors 21 - - 1 - - 20 - - -

Bailiffs 11 - - 5 - - 5 - - -

Correctional officers and jailers 337 907 27 112 743 25 225 1,073 73 69.2

Detectives and criminal investigators 146 1,437 57 39 - - 107 1,544 53 -

Fish and game wardens 5 - - 1 - - 4 - - -

Parking enforcement workers 7 - - 2 - - 5 - - -

Police officers 742 1,155 21 131 1,074 46 611 1,188 54 90.4

Animal control workers 9 - - 3 - - 7 - - -

Private detectives and investigators 72 979 40 35 - - 38 - - -

Security guards and gaming 

surveillance officers 673 650 13 170 583 13 503 680 12 85.7

Crossing guards and flaggers 17 - - 7 - - 10 - - -

Transportation security screeners 40 - - 16 - - 24 - - -

School bus monitors 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - -

Other protective service workers 37 - - 15 - - 22 - - -

Food preparation and serving related 

occupations 3,353 530 6 1,653 506 5 1,700 570 9 88.8

Chefs and head cooks 321 696 26 57 613 18 263 707 27 86.7

First-line supervisors of food 

preparation and serving workers 335 602 17 198 583 19 137 636 28 91.7

Cooks 1,026 510 6 416 505 11 610 512 6 98.6

Food preparation workers 355 510 9 224 489 10 132 576 26 84.9

Bartenders 169 648 55 70 585 26 99 708 31 82.6

Fast food and counter workers 231 468 19 146 470 19 84 462 48 101.7

Waiters and waitresses 600 514 10 388 497 14 212 563 50 88.3

Food servers, nonrestaurant 85 531 39 60 513 23 25 - - -

Dining room and cafeteria attendants 

and bartender helpers 99 508 15 48 - - 50 545 55 -

Dishwashers 83 528 38 9 - - 74 567 45 -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 25

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, 

lounge, and coffee shop 46 - - 36 - - 10 - - -

Food preparation and serving related 

workers, all other 4 - - 1 - - 3 - - -

Building and grounds cleaning and 

maintenance occupations 3,138 603 4 1,087 511 5 2,051 651 8 78.5

First-line supervisors of housekeeping 

and janitorial workers 171 738 26 64 596 37 107 902 71 66.1

First-line supervisors of landscaping, 

lawn service, and groundskeeping 

workers

108 786 28 6 - - 102 785 31 -

Janitors and building cleaners 1,372 614 7 447 522 9 925 662 11 78.9

Maids and housekeeping cleaners 629 503 6 531 497 6 98 556 20 89.4

Pest control workers 90 749 35 3 - - 87 747 35 -

Landscaping and groundskeeping 

workers 665 605 8 30 - - 635 603 8 -

Tree trimmers and pruners 82 666 34 5 - - 77 684 42 -

Other grounds maintenance workers 21 - - 1 - - 20 - - -

Personal care and service occupations 1,380 616 8 1,004 591 8 376 740 24 79.9

Supervisors of personal care and 

service workers 96 761 40 60 719 95 35 - - -

Animal trainers 34 - - 22 - - 12 - - -

Animal caretakers 108 626 21 86 591 28 22 - - -

Gambling services workers 53 765 76 26 - - 27 - - -

Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket 

takers 3 - - 1 - - 1 - - -

Other entertainment attendants and 

related workers 47 - - 15 - - 31 - - -

Embalmers, crematory operators and 

funeral attendants 8 - - 2 - - 7 - - -

Morticians, undertakers, and funeral 

arrangers

10 - - 2 - - 8 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 26

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Barbers 49 - - 11 - - 39 - - -

Hairdressers, hairstylists, and 

cosmetologists 205 606 19 180 601 22 24 - - -

Manicurists and pedicurists 110 607 27 84 578 28 26 - - -

Skincare specialists 23 - - 20 - - 3 - - -

Other personal appearance workers 5 - - 5 - - 0 - - -

Baggage porters, bellhops, and 

concierges 44 - - 16 - - 28 - - -

Tour and travel guides 16 - - 3 - - 13 - - -

Childcare workers 383 537 26 358 542 24 25 - - -

Exercise trainers and group fitness 

instructors 53 618 64 33 - - 20 - - -

Recreation workers 80 715 39 51 658 78 29 - - -

Residential advisors 17 - - 7 - - 10 - - -

Personal care and service workers, all 

other 37 - - 22 - - 14 - - -

Sales and office occupations 21,165 809 4 12,729 746 4 8,435 956 8 78.0

Sales and related occupations 8,958 880 10 3,967 715 8 4,991 1,046 17 68.4

First-line supervisors of retail sales 

workers 2,141 858 16 960 733 14 1,181 981 22 74.7

First-line supervisors of non-retail sales 

workers 783 1,226 40 273 1,076 71 510 1,338 56 80.4

Cashiers 1,088 507 7 805 501 7 284 524 17 95.6

Counter and rental clerks 48 - - 21 - - 27 - - -

Parts salespersons 97 741 46 20 - - 77 756 53 -

Retail salespersons 1,603 705 13 611 603 12 992 779 21 77.4

Advertising sales agents 120 1,066 89 69 1,055 72 50 1,199 171 88.0

Insurance sales agents 469 931 31 242 825 37 226 1,169 145 70.6

Securities, commodities, and financial 

services sales agents 200 1,545 135 41 - - 158 1,880 87 -

Travel agents 30 - - 23 - - 7 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 27

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Sales representatives of services, 

except advertising, insurance, travel, 

and financial services

497 1,351 59 163 1,101 78 333 1,482 44 74.3

Sales representatives, wholesale and 

manufacturing 1,073 1,275 64 315 1,065 60 758 1,378 49 77.3

Models, demonstrators, and product 

promoters 6 - - 3 - - 3 - - -

Real estate brokers and sales agents 498 1,084 79 283 937 42 215 1,352 40 69.3

Sales engineers 37 - - 5 - - 32 - - -

Telemarketers 28 - - 15 - - 13 - - -

Door-to-door sales workers, news and 

street vendors, and related workers 34 - - 12 - - 23 - - -

Sales and related workers, all other 206 950 30 106 838 38 100 1,039 262 80.7

Office and administrative support 

occupations 12,207 781 4 8,762 756 4 3,445 868 10 87.1

First-line supervisors of office and 

administrative support workers 1,129 966 12 734 925 14 395 1,145 27 80.8

Switchboard operators, including 

answering service 8 - - 7 - - 1 - - -

Telephone operators 19 - - 14 - - 6 - - -

Communications equipment operators, 

all other 8 - - 3 - - 6 - - -

Bill and account collectors 96 758 19 69 744 29 27 - - -

Billing and posting clerks 379 749 15 339 736 15 40 - - -

Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing 

clerks 741 824 16 636 809 13 105 1,101 44 73.5

Gambling cage workers 11 - - 6 - - 5 - - -

Payroll and timekeeping clerks 129 945 93 111 921 59 18 - - -

Procurement clerks 27 - - 16 - - 11 - - -

Tellers 225 639 23 183 634 25 42 - - -

Financial clerks, all other 90 1,039 53 58 903 32 31 - - -

Brokerage clerks 4 - - 3 - - 2 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 28

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Correspondence clerks 3 - - 3 - - 0 - - -

Court, municipal, and license clerks 73 777 75 65 764 44 8 - - -

Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks 41 - - 28 - - 13 - - -

Customer service representatives 1,814 721 8 1,160 698 9 655 771 17 90.5

Eligibility interviewers, government 

programs

71 898 42 54 824 127 17 - - -

File Clerks 138 751 30 106 744 32 32 - - -

Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks 60 534 69 50 520 26 10 - - -

Interviewers, except eligibility and loan 155 711 25 123 710 27 33 - - -

Library assistants, clerical 25 - - 19 - - 6 - - -

Loan interviewers and clerks 135 911 69 103 874 59 32 - - -

New accounts clerks 22 - - 14 - - 8 - - -

Order clerks 75 704 40 39 - - 36 - - -

Human resources assistants, except 

payroll and timekeeping 44 - - 38 - - 6 - - -

Receptionists and information clerks 846 642 9 738 636 9 108 688 24 92.4

Reservation and transportation ticket 

agents and travel clerks 81 879 80 44 - - 37 - - -

Information and record clerks, all other 81 915 55 57 830 67 24 - - -

Cargo and freight agents 16 - - 7 - - 9 - - -

Couriers and messengers 340 779 26 55 701 19 284 814 26 86.1

Public safety telecommunicators 102 858 63 60 799 53 42 - - -

Dispatchers, except police, fire, and 

ambulance 178 768 37 95 717 29 84 908 123 79.0

Meter readers, utilities 18 - - 1 - - 17 - - -

Postal service clerks 80 1,010 39 45 - - 35 - - -

Postal service mail carriers 290 1,017 38 104 962 25 185 1,089 73 88.3

Postal service mail sorters, processors, 

and processing machine operators 60 977 56 26 - - 34 - - -

Production, planning, and expediting 

clerks 243 1,072 64 125 908 35 118 1,227 68 74.0

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 29

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Shipping, receiving, and inventory 

clerks 505 696 13 165 667 16 340 713 16 93.5

Weighers, measurers, checkers, and 

samplers, recordkeeping 53 729 102 23 - - 30 - - -

Executive secretaries and executive 

administrative assistants 170 991 44 158 991 41 12 - - -

Legal secretaries and administrative 

assistants 54 914 41 42 - - 12 - - -

Medical secretaries and administrative 

assistants 63 804 33 59 800 31 4 - - -

Secretaries and administrative 

assistants, except legal, medical, and 

executive

1,607 781 10 1,496 777 9 112 929 106 83.6

Data entry keyers 180 710 16 128 700 13 51 803 31 87.2

Word processors and typists 32 - - 26 - - 6 - - -

Desktop publishers 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - -

Insurance claims and policy processing 

clerks 221 760 19 184 759 16 37 - - -

Mail clerks and mail machine operators, 

except postal service 35 - - 17 - - 19 - - -

Office clerks, general 912 736 10 759 726 11 153 790 41 91.9

Office machine operators, except 

computer 12 - - 9 - - 4 - - -

Proofreaders and copy markers 4 - - 2 - - 2 - - -

Statistical assistants 66 1,272 368 27 - - 39 - - -

Office and administrative support 

workers, all other 437 867 19 330 875 23 107 836 43 104.7

Natural resources, construction, and 

maintenance occupations 10,690 905 6 538 682 17 10,152 917 6 74.4

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 787 589 9 187 528 17 600 608 11 86.8

First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, 

and forestry workers 43 - - 5 - - 39 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 30

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Agricultural inspectors 14 - - 8 - - 6 - - -

Animal breeders 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - -

Graders and sorters, agricultural 

products 41 - - 30 - - 11 - - -

Miscellaneous agricultural workers 628 574 9 137 519 11 491 589 11 88.1

Fishing and hunting workers 14 - - 0 - - 14 - - -

Forest and conservation workers 17 - - 7 - - 10 - - -

Logging workers 29 - - 0 - - 29 - - -

Construction and extraction occupations 5,826 906 7 191 796 26 5,635 910 8 87.5

First-line supervisors of construction 

trades and extraction workers 596 1,200 22 17 - - 579 1,199 23 -

Boilermakers 14 - - 0 - - 14 - - -

Brickmasons, blockmasons, and 

stonemasons 87 749 38 0 - - 87 749 38 -

Carpenters 756 892 18 17 - - 739 889 18 -

Carpet, floor, and tile installers and 

finishers 117 770 38 4 - - 113 785 45 -

Cement masons, concrete finishers, 

and terrazzo workers 54 782 27 2 - - 52 787 26 -

Construction laborers 1,343 783 12 39 - - 1,304 788 13 -

Construction equipment operators 328 979 31 10 - - 317 980 30 -

Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, 

and tapers 131 784 14 8 - - 123 787 16 -

Electricians 735 1,024 32 22 - - 713 1,035 37 -

Glaziers 43 - - 2 - - 41 - - -

Insulation workers 49 - - 2 - - 47 - - -

Painters and paperhangers 316 691 14 26 - - 290 695 14 -

Pipelayers 41 - - 1 - - 39 - - -

Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 444 1,002 17 8 - - 436 1,004 18 -

Plasterers and stucco masons 24 - - 0 - - 24 - - -

Reinforcing iron and rebar workers 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 31

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Roofers 146 732 34 1 - - 145 729 32 -

Sheet metal workers 103 905 64 4 - - 99 905 63 -

Structural iron and steel workers 38 - - 1 - - 36 - - -

Solar photovoltaic installers 18 - - 0 - - 18 - - -

Helpers, construction trades 48 - - 2 - - 46 - - -

Construction and building inspectors 73 1,119 32 11 - - 62 1,113 29 -

Elevator installers and repairers 17 - - 0 - - 17 - - -

Fence erectors 27 - - 0 - - 27 - - -

Hazardous materials removal workers 26 - - 4 - - 22 - - -

Highway maintenance workers 89 846 37 6 - - 83 868 38 -

Rail-track laying and maintenance 

equipment operators 5 - - 0 - - 5 - - -

Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe 

cleaners 4 - - 0 - - 4 - - -

Miscellaneous construction and related 

workers 22 - - 0 - - 22 - - -

Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit 

operators, oil and gas 16 - - 0 - - 16 - - -

Excavating and loading machine and 

dragline operators, surface mining 6 - - 0 - - 6 - - -

Earth drillers, except oil and gas 19 - - 1 - - 18 - - -

Explosives workers, ordnance handling 

experts, and blasters 6 - - 0 - - 6 - - -

Underground mining machine operators 35 - - 2 - - 33 - - -

Roustabouts, oil and gas 7 - - 0 - - 7 - - -

Other extraction workers 40 - - 0 - - 40 - - -

Installation, maintenance, and repair 

occupations 4,077 984 7 160 801 18 3,917 991 7 80.8

First-line supervisors of mechanics, 

installers, and repairers 212 1,269 63 21 - - 191 1,283 50 -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 32

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Computer, automated teller, and office 

machine repairers 142 960 36 15 - - 127 965 40 -

Radio and telecommunications 

equipment installers and repairers 125 1,192 115 8 - - 116 1,242 75 -

Avionics technicians 8 - - 0 - - 8 - - -

Electric motor, power tool, and related 

repairers 15 - - 0 - - 14 - - -

Electrical and electronics installers and 

repairers, transportation equipment 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - -

Electrical and electronics repairers, 

industrial and utility 9 - - 0 - - 9 - - -

Electronic equipment installers and 

repairers, motor vehicles 4 - - 0 - - 4 - - -

Electronic home entertainment 

equipment installers and repairers 23 - - 1 - - 22 - - -

Security and fire alarm systems 

installers 50 1,028 74 0 - - 50 1,028 74 -

Aircraft mechanics and service 

technicians 151 1,164 33 5 - - 146 1,174 49 -

Automotive body and related repairers 102 904 274 2 - - 100 975 224 -

Automotive glass installers and 

repairers 12 - - 3 - - 10 - - -

Automotive service technicians and 

mechanics 585 855 31 4 - - 581 857 31 -

Bus and truck mechanics and diesel 

engine specialists 312 1,023 29 6 - - 306 1,023 31 -

Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment 

service technicians and mechanics 179 999 23 1 - - 178 998 23 -

Small engine mechanics 36 - - 0 - - 36 - - -

Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile 

equipment mechanics, installers, and 

repairers

72 665 36 1 - - 71 668 35 -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 33

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Control and valve installers and 

repairers 25 - - 1 - - 24 - - -

Heating, air conditioning, and 

refrigeration mechanics and installers 382 1,003 29 6 - - 377 1,011 29 -

Home appliance repairers 24 - - 1 - - 22 - - -

Industrial and refractory machinery 

mechanics 401 1,031 25 23 - - 377 1,049 24 -

Maintenance and repair workers, 

general 550 895 17 24 - - 526 897 17 -

Maintenance workers, machinery 22 - - 0 - - 22 - - -

Millwrights 62 1,178 42 1 - - 61 1,185 38 -

Electrical power-line installers and 

repairers 139 1,268 156 2 - - 136 1,306 167 -

Telecommunications line installers and 

repairers 155 1,031 131 9 - - 146 1,076 140 -

Precision instrument and equipment 

repairers 62 1,085 58 11 - - 52 1,098 53 -

Wind turbine service technicians 5 - - 1 - - 4 - - -

Coin, vending, and amusement 

machine servicers and repairers 27 - - 6 - - 22 - - -

Commercial divers 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - -

Locksmiths and safe repairers 19 - - 0 - - 19 - - -

Manufactured building and mobile 

home installers 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - -

Riggers 6 - - 0 - - 6 - - -

Helpers--installation, maintenance, and 

repair workers 16 - - 2 - - 14 - - -

Other installation, maintenance, and 

repair workers 139 780 49 8 - - 131 810 69 -

Production, transportation, and material 

moving occupations 14,738 746 4 3,243 614 4 11,494 796 4 77.1

Production occupations 6,820 775 5 1,765 630 8 5,055 841 7 74.9

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 34

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

First-line supervisors of production and 

operating workers 713 1,038 36 122 816 70 591 1,099 26 74.2

Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and 

systems assemblers 3 - - 1 - - 2 - - -

Electrical, electronics, and 

electromechanical assemblers 90 640 103 37 - - 53 742 29 -

Engine and other machine assemblers 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - -

Structural metal fabricators and fitters 17 - - 0 - - 17 - - -

Other assemblers and fabricators 828 705 10 263 638 21 565 740 15 86.2

Bakers 131 596 16 78 584 17 53 621 212 94.0

Butchers and other meat, poultry, and 

fish processing workers 221 733 14 57 642 32 163 754 15 85.1

Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and 

drying machine operators and tenders 8 - - 1 - - 7 - - -

Food batchmakers 70 649 31 38 - - 32 - - -

Food cooking machine operators and 

tenders 7 - - 5 - - 2 - - -

Food processing workers, all other 118 669 30 44 - - 74 743 36 -

Computer numerically controlled tool 

programmers and operators 96 964 38 6 - - 89 974 38 -

Forming machine setters, operators, 

and tenders, metal and plastic 24 - - 1 - - 23 - - -

Cutting, punching, and press machine 

setters, operators, and tenders, metal 

and plastic

69 821 39 11 - - 58 843 24 -

Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing 

machine tool setters, operators, and 

tenders, metal and plastic

35 - - 6 - - 29 - - -

Other machine tool setters, operators, 

and tenders, metal and plastic 8 - - 2 - - 6 - - -

Machinists 297 923 20 25 - - 272 940 23 -

Metal furnace operators, tenders, 

pourers, and casters 19 - - 0 - - 19 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 35

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Model makers and patternmakers, 

metal and plastic 9 - - 2 - - 7 - - -

Molders and molding machine setters, 

operators, and tenders, metal and 

plastic

37 - - 5 - - 31 - - -

Tool and die makers 37 - - 1 - - 36 - - -

Welding, soldering, and brazing workers 486 839 17 16 - - 471 848 17 -

Other metal workers and plastic 

workers 338 770 24 61 622 41 277 816 33 76.2

Prepress technicians and workers 12 - - 3 - - 10 - - -

Printing press operators 120 748 30 25 - - 95 757 29 -

Print binding and finishing workers 16 - - 7 - - 9 - - -

Laundry and dry-cleaning workers 94 538 41 60 522 34 34 - - -

Pressers, textile, garment, and related 

materials 23 - - 15 - - 7 - - -

Sewing machine operators 97 579 17 59 584 16 37 - - -

Shoe and leather workers 6 - - 3 - - 2 - - -

Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers 31 - - 26 - - 5 - - -

Textile machine setters, operators, and 

tenders 15 - - 10 - - 5 - - -

Upholsterers 20 - - 2 - - 18 - - -

Other textile, apparel, and furnishings 

workers 12 - - 2 - - 9 - - -

Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters 31 - - 1 - - 29 - - -

Furniture finishers 9 - - 6 - - 3 - - -

Sawing machine setters, operators, and 

tenders, wood 20 - - 3 - - 16 - - -

Woodworking machine setters, 

operators, and tenders, except sawing 9 - - 1 - - 9 - - -

Other woodworkers 12 - - 0 - - 12 - - -

Power plant operators, distributors, and 

dispatchers 38 - - 1 - - 37 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 36

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Stationary engineers and boiler 

operators 45 - - 5 - - 40 - - -

Water and wastewater treatment plant 

and system operators 116 955 80 12 - - 104 990 71 -

Miscellaneous plant and system 

operators 42 - - 4 - - 38 - - -

Chemical processing machine setters, 

operators, and tenders 50 1,083 36 3 - - 47 - - -

Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, 

and blending workers 79 766 25 17 - - 61 788 59 -

Cutting workers 54 692 50 14 - - 40 - - -

Extruding, forming, pressing, and 

compacting machine setters, operators, 

and tenders

22 - - 7 - - 15 - - -

Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle 

operators and tenders 10 - - 0 - - 10 - - -

Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, 

and weighers 684 814 19 266 710 12 418 910 25 78.0

Jewelers and precious stone and metal 

workers 22 - - 10 - - 12 - - -

Dental and ophthalmic laboratory 

technicians and medical appliance 

technicians

59 694 67 36 - - 23 - - -

Packaging and filling machine operators 

and tenders 224 620 26 98 544 32 126 667 27 81.6

Painting workers 139 849 44 15 - - 124 879 37 -

Photographic process workers and 

processing machine operators 3 - - 2 - - 1 - - -

Adhesive bonding machine operators 

and tenders 8 - - 2 - - 6 - - -

Etchers and engravers 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - -

Molders, shapers, and casters, except 

metal and plastic 19 - - 2 - - 17 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 37

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Paper goods machine setters, 

operators, and tenders 22 - - 4 - - 18 - - -

Tire builders 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - -

Helpers--production workers 31 - - 9 - - 23 - - -

Other production equipment operators 

and tenders 5 - - 0 - - 5 - - -

Other production workers 957 739 15 251 637 13 706 798 19 79.8

Transportation and material moving 

occupations 7,917 719 5 1,478 600 5 6,439 759 6 79.1

Supervisors of transportation and 

material moving workers 222 919 18 47 - - 175 943 67 -

Aircraft pilots and flight engineers 112 1,923 219 3 - - 109 1,984 222 -

Air traffic controllers and airfield 

operations specialists 32 - - 3 - - 29 - - -

Flight attendants 54 895 81 41 - - 13 - - -

Ambulance drivers and attendants, 

except emergency medical technicians 8 - - 1 - - 7 - - -

Bus drivers, school 105 647 27 53 622 24 52 708 129 87.9

Bus drivers, transit and intercity 146 783 36 57 791 41 89 774 54 102.2

Driver/sales workers and truck drivers 2,592 896 13 183 666 27 2,409 916 14 72.7

Shuttle drivers and chauffeurs 57 606 23 10 - - 47 - - -

Taxi drivers 157 734 52 25 - - 132 743 62 -

Motor vehicle operators, all other 84 616 17 15 - - 70 642 60 -

Locomotive engineers and operators 50 1,489 32 5 - - 45 - - -

Railroad conductors and yardmasters 34 - - 0 - - 34 - - -

Other rail transportation workers 11 - - 2 - - 8 - - -

Sailors and marine oilers 16 - - 0 - - 16 - - -

Ship and boat captains and operators 30 - - 2 - - 28 - - -

Ship engineers 1 - - 0 - - 1 - - -

Parking attendants 44 - - 7 - - 36 - - -

Transportation service attendants 81 611 45 11 - - 70 614 61 -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 38

Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data 

or data that do not meet publication criteria.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Transportation inspectors 26 - - 6 - - 21 - - -

Passenger attendants 14 - - 11 - - 4 - - -

Other transportation workers 24 - - 7 - - 16 - - -

Crane and tower operators 48 - - 2 - - 46 - - -

Conveyor, dredge, and hoist and winch 

operators 23 - - 1 - - 22 - - -

Industrial truck and tractor operators 507 711 14 41 - - 467 708 15 -

Cleaners of vehicles and equipment 214 580 11 35 - - 179 581 12 -

Laborers and freight, stock, and 

material movers, hand 1,587 650 8 319 595 9 1,268 672 9 88.5

Machine feeders and offbearers 11 - - 6 - - 4 - - -

Packers and packagers, hand 436 582 7 231 544 15 205 604 8 90.1

Stockers and order fillers 1,058 593 6 345 576 11 714 602 8 95.7

Pumping station operators 17 - - 0 - - 17 - - -

Refuse and recyclable material 

collectors 70 680 41 6 - - 64 698 38 -

Other material moving workers 46 - - 5 - - 41 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

State

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

United States 110,387 $984 $2 49,476 $891 $3 60,911 $1,082 $5 82.3

Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by state, 2020 annual averages

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 39

State

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Alabama 1,628 887 15 745 791 21 884 978 29 80.9

Alaska 238 1,021 21 106 913 27 132 1,128 27 80.9

Arizona 2,384 932 16 1,073 856 28 1,312 991 15 86.4

Arkansas 995 849 16 443 771 17 552 917 21 84.1

California 12,544 1,063 11 5,401 993 12 7,143 1,133 14 87.6

Colorado 2,008 1,103 24 834 966 24 1,174 1,237 17 78.1

Connecticut 1,221 1,190 25 536 1,166 37 684 1,202 25 97.0

Delaware 358 947 21 168 838 29 190 1,076 65 77.9

District of Columbia 311 1,628 27 156 1,506 51 155 1,759 38 85.6

Florida 7,025 904 10 3,249 831 10 3,776 988 12 84.1

Georgia 3,584 891 16 1,716 788 18 1,868 1,011 33 77.9

Hawaii 419 980 25 196 896 24 223 1,128 47 79.4

Idaho 588 862 16 239 731 13 349 966 22 75.7

Illinois 4,293 1,030 17 1,951 931 15 2,342 1,162 18 80.1

Indiana 2,378 903 16 1,050 801 21 1,328 1,040 28 77.0

Iowa 1,159 933 19 521 854 16 638 1,020 28 83.7

Kansas 1,044 889 14 457 810 21 586 962 23 84.2

Kentucky 1,439 850 17 656 737 16 783 960 23 76.8

Louisiana 1,457 896 20 693 760 26 764 1,024 35 74.2

Maine 451 918 21 206 794 22 245 1,036 38 76.6

Maryland 2,279 1,149 19 1,104 1,074 51 1,175 1,248 39 86.1

Massachusetts 2,429 1,239 21 1,114 1,115 26 1,314 1,356 16 82.2

Michigan 3,277 995 11 1,500 897 17 1,777 1,113 19 80.6

Minnesota 2,040 1,062 20 914 984 16 1,126 1,147 17 85.8

Mississippi 894 764 15 432 675 23 461 878 27 76.9

Missouri 2,094 904 19 979 807 17 1,115 1,026 30 78.7

Montana 325 876 19 142 771 19 183 955 26 80.7

Nebraska 742 931 15 337 843 18 405 1,014 29 83.1

Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by state, 2020 annual averages

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 40

State

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Nevada 1,035 886 14 449 791 13 586 991 19 79.8

New Hampshire 525 1,051 27 234 954 19 291 1,156 24 82.5

New Jersey 3,178 1,163 11 1,421 1,041 31 1,756 1,267 24 82.2

New Mexico 618 858 20 275 801 24 343 915 33 87.5

New York 6,312 1,101 14 2,934 1,000 11 3,378 1,183 18 84.5

North Carolina 3,524 936 14 1,609 837 20 1,916 1,032 22 81.1

North Dakota 281 963 16 127 851 20 155 1,065 22 79.9

Ohio 3,852 967 12 1,708 862 15 2,144 1,052 22 81.9

Oklahoma 1,265 844 20 538 753 14 728 942 18 79.9

Oregon 1,352 1,026 21 564 936 24 787 1,121 39 83.5

Pennsylvania 4,295 1,002 11 1,922 884 20 2,373 1,111 19 79.6

Rhode Island 375 1,020 25 163 951 28 212 1,112 35 85.5

South Carolina 1,747 883 18 817 767 22 930 988 23 77.6

South Dakota 315 877 13 145 797 18 170 936 20 85.1

Tennessee 2,284 861 20 1,035 760 18 1,249 929 25 81.8

Texas 9,882 939 10 4,274 875 13 5,608 1,006 11 87.0

Utah 1,074 941 13 418 782 20 656 1,076 26 72.7

Vermont 217 960 18 108 886 20 109 1,059 56 83.7

Virginia 3,181 1,130 22 1,453 1,002 30 1,728 1,260 28 79.5

Washington 2,680 1,109 19 1,139 982 34 1,540 1,224 33 80.2

West Virginia 570 829 16 258 739 14 313 907 16 81.5

Wisconsin 2,025 966 18 880 885 18 1,145 1,023 21 86.5

Wyoming 195 940 17 84 795 26 111 1,057 23 75.2

Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by state, 2020 annual averages

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 41

Note: In general, the sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national estimates; thus, comparisons of state estimates should be made with caution. Data shown are based on workers' state of 

residence; workers' reported earnings, however, may or may not be from a job located in the same state.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Characteristic

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Age

Total, 16 years and older 21,616 $307 $2 13,911 $309 $2 7,705 $305 $2 101.3

16 to 24 years 7,354 239 2 4,095 231 3 3,259 248 3 93.1

16 to 19 years 3,252 197 2 1,786 191 3 1,466 204 4 93.6

20 to 24 years 4,102 276 3 2,309 266 4 1,793 289 4 92.0

25 years and older 14,262 364 3 9,816 359 3 4,446 376 5 95.5

25 to 34 years 3,743 359 5 2,406 358 6 1,337 363 9 98.6

35 to 44 years 2,800 385 5 2,092 380 6 708 399 10 95.2

45 to 54 years 2,515 399 5 1,905 394 6 610 415 12 94.9

55 to 64 years 2,795 369 6 2,018 361 7 777 395 14 91.4

65 years and older 2,409 300 5 1,395 278 7 1,014 327 11 85.0

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White 16,871 309 2 10,952 312 2 5,919 305 3 102.3

Black or African American 2,654 286 4 1,673 281 6 981 294 6 95.6

Asian 1,214 328 8 752 332 12 462 322 9 103.1

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 3,971 309 3 2,420 304 4 1,552 316 5 96.2

Marital Status

Never married 10,801 267 2 5,968 263 3 4,833 272 3 96.7

Married, spouse present(1) 8,103 385 4 5,930 378 4 2,173 408 8 92.6

Widowed, divorced, or separated(2) 2,712 328 6 2,013 321 5 699 350 11 91.7

Widowed 548 281 12 448 281 16 100 282 19 99.6

Divorced 1,571 341 8 1,149 333 10 422 360 15 92.5

Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by selected demographic characteristics, 2020 annual averages

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 42

Footnotes

(1) Beginning with data for 2020, includes people in both opposite-sex and same-sex marriages. Prior to 2020, included only people in opposite-sex marriages.

(2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent.

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; 

estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Characteristic

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Separated(2) 593 336 10 415 323 11 177 367 18 88.0

Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by selected demographic characteristics, 2020 annual averages

Hours of work

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Total, 16 years and older 132,174 $863 $3 63,462 $750 $2 68,711 $983 $3 76.3

0 to 34 hours 19,918 311 2 12,916 313 2 7,002 307 3 102.0

0 to 4 hours 421 87 9 290 72 4 130 160 54 45.0

5 to 9 hours 986 106 2 669 108 3 317 101 4 106.9

10 to 14 hours 1,800 146 2 1,166 149 3 634 140 4 106.4

15 to 19 hours 2,394 209 2 1,589 212 3 805 203 4 104.4

20 to 24 hours 5,789 287 2 3,679 293 3 2,110 278 3 105.4

25 to 29 hours 2,872 359 4 1,872 356 4 1,001 364 7 97.8

30 to 34 hours 5,655 451 4 3,650 455 5 2,005 445 7 102.2

35 hours and over 106,080 989 2 47,700 896 3 58,380 1,088 5 82.4

35 to 39 hours 7,378 629 7 4,892 649 9 2,486 600 9 108.2

40 hours 78,789 926 3 36,343 864 3 42,447 989 4 87.4

41 hours and over 19,913 1,447 7 6,466 1,334 15 13,448 1,501 10 88.9

Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours usually worked, 2020 annual averages

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 43

Note: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full-time and part-time workers. Estimates for the "hours vary" groups do not sum to totals because data are not presented for a small number of multiple jobholders whose usual 

number of hours on the principal job is not identifiable.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Hours of work

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

41 to 44 hours 1,033 1,075 27 398 963 41 636 1,145 27 84.1

45 to 48 hours 5,622 1,300 17 1,986 1,202 27 3,636 1,351 13 89.0

49 to 59 hours 9,105 1,546 10 2,888 1,443 16 6,217 1,592 19 90.6

60 hours and over 4,152 1,607 26 1,193 1,478 31 2,959 1,661 41 89.0

Hours vary 6,176 622 10 2,846 487 9 3,329 748 13 65.1

Usually less than 35 hours 1,698 264 6 995 251 7 703 282 8 89.0

Usually 35 or more hours 4,307 827 15 1,776 709 14 2,531 923 20 76.8

Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours usually worked, 2020 annual averages

Characteristic Total

employed

Number of workers by usual weekly earnings

Under

$350.00

$350.00

to

$499.99

$500.00

to

$599.99

$600.00

to

$749.99

$750.00

to

$999.99

$1,000.00

to

$1,199.99

$1,200.00

to

$1,999.99

$2,000.00

or

more

Age

Total, 16 years and older 110,387 3,191 8,995 8,399 15,271 19,288 12,669 26,128 16,446

16 to 24 years 9,364 725 2,132 1,481 2,052 1,453 644 697 180

16 to 19 years 1,336 234 453 245 228 101 41 31 4

20 to 24 years 8,027 490 1,680 1,236 1,824 1,352 603 666 176

25 years and older 101,024 2,466 6,863 6,918 13,219 17,835 12,026 25,431 16,266

25 to 34 years 27,661 680 2,195 2,379 4,534 5,729 3,456 6,043 2,646

35 to 44 years 25,641 578 1,540 1,543 3,079 4,324 3,069 6,839 4,668

45 to 54 years 23,814 525 1,440 1,401 2,789 3,883 2,716 6,486 4,575

55 to 64 years 19,017 452 1,202 1,231 2,235 3,162 2,248 4,988 3,499

Table 6. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2020 annual averages [In 

thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 44

Characteristic Total

employed

Number of workers by usual weekly earnings

Under

$350.00

$350.00

to

$499.99

$500.00

to

$599.99

$600.00

to

$749.99

$750.00

to

$999.99

$1,000.00

to

$1,199.99

$1,200.00

to

$1,999.99

$2,000.00

or

more

65 years and older 4,890 230 487 363 582 737 536 1,075 878

Women, 16 years and older 49,476 1,829 4,936 4,556 7,455 9,209 5,886 10,378 5,228

16 to 24 years 4,172 400 1,012 691 874 593 272 275 54

16 to 19 years 536 116 204 90 71 26 16 13 0

20 to 24 years 3,636 284 808 601 804 567 255 262 54

25 years and older 45,304 1,428 3,924 3,865 6,581 8,615 5,614 10,103 5,174

25 to 34 years 12,375 400 1,144 1,221 2,107 2,655 1,641 2,333 872

35 to 44 years 11,293 312 879 870 1,540 2,089 1,403 2,684 1,517

45 to 54 years 10,853 312 897 852 1,477 1,951 1,257 2,658 1,447

55 to 64 years 8,683 270 740 748 1,175 1,589 1,074 2,002 1,085

65 years and older 2,100 134 263 173 281 331 240 426 252

Men, 16 years and older 60,911 1,362 4,059 3,843 7,816 10,079 6,783 15,750 11,218

16 to 24 years 5,191 324 1,120 790 1,177 860 372 422 126

16 to 19 years 800 118 248 155 157 75 25 18 4

20 to 24 years 4,391 206 871 635 1,021 785 347 404 122

25 years and older 55,720 1,038 2,939 3,053 6,638 9,220 6,411 15,328 11,093

25 to 34 years 15,287 280 1,051 1,157 2,426 3,074 1,815 3,709 1,774

35 to 44 years 14,348 266 661 673 1,539 2,235 1,667 4,155 3,151

45 to 54 years 12,961 213 543 549 1,312 1,931 1,459 3,828 3,127

55 to 64 years 10,334 182 462 483 1,059 1,573 1,174 2,986 2,414

65 years and older 2,790 96 224 190 301 406 296 650 626

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White 85,142 2,304 6,408 6,277 11,367 15,043 10,032 20,795 12,917

Women 37,091 1,303 3,511 3,338 5,506 7,020 4,584 7,945 3,886

Men 48,051 1,001 2,897 2,939 5,861 8,023 5,448 12,850 9,031

Black or African American 14,044 591 1,807 1,325 2,550 2,587 1,502 2,513 1,169

Women 7,335 361 1,006 759 1,331 1,355 765 1,216 542

Table 6. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2020 annual averages [In 

thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 45

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; 

estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Characteristic Total

employed

Number of workers by usual weekly earnings

Under

$350.00

$350.00

to

$499.99

$500.00

to

$599.99

$600.00

to

$749.99

$750.00

to

$999.99

$1,000.00

to

$1,199.99

$1,200.00

to

$1,999.99

$2,000.00

or

more

Men 6,709 230 801 565 1,219 1,231 737 1,298 627

Asian 7,353 164 396 404 708 998 695 2,034 1,954

Women 3,269 83 218 233 333 525 324 903 650

Men 4,084 81 178 171 375 473 371 1,131 1,304

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 19,558 802 2,494 2,312 3,790 3,544 1,896 3,274 1,447

Women 7,863 442 1,193 1,088 1,529 1,347 734 1,091 438

Men 11,695 360 1,300 1,224 2,261 2,197 1,162 2,183 1,009

Table 6. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2020 annual averages [In 

thousands]

Characteristic Number of workers (in thousands) Median weekly earnings Standard error of median

Women

Total, all marital statuses 49,476 $891 $3

With children under 18 years old 16,841 909 6

With children 6 to 17, none younger 10,287 918 7

With children under 6 years old 6,554 894 9

With no children under 18 years old 32,635 882 4

Total, married, spouse present(1) 24,915 981 4

With children under 18 years old 11,376 1,007 7

With children 6 to 17, none younger 6,711 1,005 9

With children under 6 years old 4,664 1,010 10

With no children under 18 years old 13,540 960 6

Total, other marital statuses(2) 24,561 795 4

Table 7. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by marital status and presence and age of own children under 18 years old, 

2020 annual averages

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 46

Footnotes

(1) Beginning with data for 2020, includes people in both opposite-sex and same-sex marriages. Prior to 2020, included only people in opposite-sex marriages.

(2) Includes people who are never married; widowed; divorced; separated; and married, spouse absent.

Characteristic Number of workers (in thousands) Median weekly earnings Standard error of median

With children under 18 years old 5,466 727 6

With children 6 to 17, none younger 3,576 766 7

With children under 6 years old 1,890 654 12

With no children under 18 years old 19,095 819 5

Men

Total, all marital statuses 60,911 1,082 5

With children under 18 years old 20,847 1,229 7

With children 6 to 17, none younger 11,350 1,285 13

With children under 6 years old 9,496 1,161 9

With no children under 18 years old 40,064 1,005 4

Total, married, spouse present(1) 35,132 1,250 5

With children under 18 years old 18,247 1,283 11

With children 6 to 17, none younger 9,953 1,343 11

With children under 6 years old 8,294 1,236 10

With no children under 18 years old 16,885 1,216 8

Total, other marital statuses(2) 25,778 877 5

With children under 18 years old 2,599 896 13

With children 6 to 17, none younger 1,397 1,002 15

With children under 6 years old 1,202 789 14

With no children under 18 years old 23,179 874 5

Table 7. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by marital status and presence and age of own children under 18 years old, 

2020 annual averages

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 47

Note: Children refer to "own" children and include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Excluded are other related children such as grandchildren, nieces, nephews, and cousins, as well as unrelated children.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Characteristic

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

hourly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

hourly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

hourly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Age

Total, 16 years and older 73,305 $16.36 $0.05 36,513 $15.22 $0.03 36,792 $17.75 $0.06 85.7

16 to 24 years 14,051 12.69 0.07 6,992 12.12 0.03 7,059 13.08 0.04 92.7

16 to 19 years 4,352 11.07 0.06 2,226 10.81 0.09 2,125 11.60 0.25 93.2

20 to 24 years 9,699 13.50 0.09 4,766 12.98 0.05 4,933 14.08 0.06 92.2

25 years and older 59,254 17.86 0.03 29,521 16.50 0.08 29,734 19.18 0.10 86.0

25 to 34 years 17,872 16.85 0.05 8,460 15.93 0.06 9,412 17.56 0.13 90.7

35 to 44 years 13,691 18.52 0.13 6,687 16.95 0.08 7,004 20.10 0.06 84.3

45 to 54 years 12,672 18.90 0.11 6,454 17.07 0.11 6,218 21.05 0.14 81.1

55 to 64 years 11,179 18.60 0.17 5,926 17.04 0.08 5,253 20.15 0.07 84.6

65 years and older 3,840 15.84 0.14 1,993 15.03 0.08 1,847 16.75 0.26 89.7

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White 55,889 16.78 0.05 27,257 15.31 0.06 28,632 17.98 0.04 85.2

Black or African American 10,738 15.17 0.03 5,846 14.95 0.04 4,892 15.88 0.07 94.1

Asian 3,533 17.25 0.26 1,857 16.56 0.38 1,676 18.04 0.15 91.8

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 16,220 15.20 0.03 7,257 14.68 0.09 8,963 16.24 0.12 90.4

Marital Status

Never married 30,236 14.81 0.02 14,315 13.99 0.04 15,921 15.07 0.02 92.8

Married, spouse present(1) 31,844 18.88 0.07 15,382 17.11 0.06 16,462 20.20 0.08 84.7

Widowed, divorced, or separated(2) 11,225 16.94 0.07 6,816 15.80 0.11 4,409 18.98 0.16 83.2

Widowed 1,360 15.39 0.26 1,032 15.08 0.11 329 17.28 0.88 87.3

Divorced 7,263 17.81 0.11 4,323 16.52 0.19 2,940 19.97 0.09 82.7

Separated(2) 2,602 15.42 0.24 1,461 14.85 0.07 1,141 17.17 0.26 86.5

Table 8. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected characteristics, 2020 annual averages

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 48

Footnotes

(1) Beginning with data for 2020, includes people in both opposite-sex and same-sex marriages. Prior to 2020, included only people in opposite-sex marriages.

(2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent.

(3) Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, 

industry, and geographic region.

(4) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.

(5) Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; 

estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Characteristic

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

hourly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

hourly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

hourly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Union Affiliation(3)

Members of unions(4) 8,112 22.20 0.21 3,222 19.83 0.14 4,890 24.78 0.30 80.0

Represented by unions(5) 8,916 22.01 0.10 3,597 19.59 0.25 5,318 24.17 0.33 81.1

Not represented by a union 64,389 15.89 0.03 32,916 15.09 0.02 31,474 16.91 0.04 89.2

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and older 59,254 17.86 0.03 29,521 16.50 0.08 29,734 19.18 0.10 86.0

Less than a high school diploma 5,345 14.75 0.09 2,111 12.87 0.07 3,235 15.59 0.23 82.6

High school graduates, no college 19,996 16.80 0.06 8,612 15.00 0.03 11,384 18.31 0.11 81.9

Some college or associate degree 19,061 18.00 0.05 10,011 16.60 0.12 9,050 19.98 0.05 83.1

Bachelor's degree and higher 14,852 22.18 0.17 8,788 21.83 0.22 6,065 23.04 0.18 94.7

Table 8. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected characteristics, 2020 annual averages

Characteristic Total

employed

Number of workers by hourly earnings

Under

$6.00

$6.00

to

$7.99

$8.00

to

$9.99

$10.00

to

$11.99

$12.00

to

$14.99

$15.00

to

$19.99

$20.00

or

more

Age

Table 9. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2020 annual averages 

[In thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 49

Characteristic Total

employed

Number of workers by hourly earnings

Under

$6.00

$6.00

to

$7.99

$8.00

to

$9.99

$10.00

to

$11.99

$12.00

to

$14.99

$15.00

to

$19.99

$20.00

or

more

Total, 16 years and older 73,305 673 748 3,570 7,381 14,562 20,359 26,013

16 to 24 years 14,051 280 410 1,729 2,881 4,191 3,328 1,231

16 to 19 years 4,352 83 252 948 1,125 1,294 535 115

20 to 24 years 9,699 197 158 781 1,757 2,897 2,793 1,116

25 years and older 59,254 393 338 1,841 4,499 10,371 17,030 24,782

25 to 34 years 17,872 181 117 575 1,413 3,467 5,932 6,188

35 to 44 years 13,691 91 71 363 944 2,267 3,680 6,276

45 to 54 years 12,672 63 53 333 831 2,022 3,382 5,987

55 to 64 years 11,179 43 52 346 834 1,787 3,032 5,085

65 years and older 3,840 14 45 223 477 829 1,006 1,246

Women, 16 years and older 36,513 486 449 2,211 4,350 8,207 9,946 10,863

16 to 24 years 6,992 217 245 994 1,526 2,118 1,408 485

16 to 19 years 2,226 61 144 521 603 644 205 48

20 to 24 years 4,766 156 101 473 923 1,473 1,203 437

25 years and older 29,521 269 204 1,218 2,824 6,089 8,537 10,379

25 to 34 years 8,460 121 70 352 818 1,834 2,671 2,594

35 to 44 years 6,687 65 47 225 590 1,364 1,858 2,538

45 to 54 years 6,454 46 28 248 569 1,284 1,825 2,453

55 to 64 years 5,926 27 29 243 565 1,157 1,663 2,241

65 years and older 1,993 10 29 150 283 449 521 552

Men, 16 years and older 36,792 186 299 1,359 3,030 6,355 10,413 15,150

16 to 24 years 7,059 63 165 735 1,355 2,073 1,920 746

16 to 19 years 2,125 22 108 427 521 650 330 67

20 to 24 years 4,933 41 57 308 834 1,424 1,590 679

25 years and older 29,734 124 133 623 1,675 4,282 8,493 14,403

25 to 34 years 9,412 60 46 223 595 1,633 3,261 3,594

35 to 44 years 7,004 26 24 138 354 902 1,822 3,738

45 to 54 years 6,218 17 25 86 263 738 1,557 3,534

55 to 64 years 5,253 16 23 102 269 630 1,368 2,843

Table 9. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2020 annual averages 

[In thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 50

Characteristic Total

employed

Number of workers by hourly earnings

Under

$6.00

$6.00

to

$7.99

$8.00

to

$9.99

$10.00

to

$11.99

$12.00

to

$14.99

$15.00

to

$19.99

$20.00

or

more

65 years and older 1,847 5 15 74 194 379 485 695

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White 55,889 513 512 2,444 5,425 11,055 15,271 20,668

Women 27,257 372 309 1,513 3,212 6,193 7,314 8,346

Men 28,632 141 204 931 2,213 4,862 7,957 12,323

Black or African American 10,738 92 171 850 1,385 2,166 3,207 2,867

Women 5,846 74 108 538 818 1,229 1,704 1,374

Men 4,892 18 63 312 567 936 1,503 1,493

Asian 3,533 35 12 111 272 683 960 1,460

Women 1,857 16 7 58 164 397 495 720

Men 1,676 19 5 53 108 286 465 740

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 16,220 124 130 797 1,652 4,039 4,963 4,515

Women 7,257 79 73 488 925 2,132 2,052 1,507

Men 8,963 45 57 309 727 1,907 2,910 3,008

Table 9. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2020 annual averages 

[In thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 51

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; 

estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Characteristic

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

Age

Total, 16 years and older 73,305 865 247 1,112 1.5

16 to 24 years 14,051 376 153 529 3.8

16 to 19 years 4,352 129 93 222 5.1

20 to 24 years 9,699 247 60 307 3.2

25 years and older 59,254 489 94 583 1.0

25 to 34 years 17,872 216 34 250 1.4

35 to 44 years 13,691 113 17 130 1.0

45 to 54 years 12,672 80 13 93 0.7

55 to 64 years 11,179 60 14 75 0.7

65 years and older 3,840 20 15 35 0.9

Women, 16 years and older 36,513 607 136 742 2.0

16 to 24 years 6,992 281 88 369 5.3

16 to 19 years 2,226 89 51 141 6.3

20 to 24 years 4,766 192 37 229 4.8

25 years and older 29,521 325 48 373 1.3

25 to 34 years 8,460 140 20 160 1.9

35 to 44 years 6,687 81 8 89 1.3

45 to 54 years 6,454 58 2 60 0.9

55 to 64 years 5,926 34 6 40 0.7

Table 10. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, by selected demographic 

characteristics, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 52

Characteristic

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

65 years and older 1,993 12 12 24 1.2

Men, 16 years and older 36,792 258 111 369 1.0

16 to 24 years 7,059 94 65 159 2.3

16 to 19 years 2,125 40 41 81 3.8

20 to 24 years 4,933 55 24 78 1.6

25 years and older 29,734 164 46 210 0.7

25 to 34 years 9,412 76 14 90 1.0

35 to 44 years 7,004 32 9 41 0.6

45 to 54 years 6,218 22 11 33 0.5

55 to 64 years 5,253 26 8 34 0.7

65 years and older 1,847 8 4 11 0.6

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White 55,889 631 178 810 1.4

Women 27,257 451 92 544 2.0

Men 28,632 180 86 266 0.9

Black or African American 10,738 146 50 196 1.8

Women 5,846 104 35 139 2.4

Men 4,892 42 15 57 1.2

Asian 3,533 39 3 43 1.2

Women 1,857 18 2 20 1.1

Men 1,676 22 1 23 1.4

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 16,220 160 46 205 1.3

Women 7,257 102 22 124 1.7

Men 8,963 58 24 82 0.9

Table 10. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, by selected demographic 

characteristics, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 53

Footnotes

(1) The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data do not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple 

jobholders.

Note: See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers. Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and 

Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Characteristic

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

Full- and Part-time Status(1)

Full-time workers 55,669 397 72 468 0.8

Women 25,156 281 38 318 1.3

Men 30,514 116 34 150 0.5

Part-time workers 17,531 462 175 637 3.6

Women 11,305 323 98 421 3.7

Men 6,226 139 77 216 3.5

Table 10. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, by selected demographic 

characteristics, 2020 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Year

Total

wage

and

salary

workers

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Percentage

of total

wage

and

salary

workers

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

Total

Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, 1979-2020 annual averages 

[Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 54

Year

Total

wage

and

salary

workers

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Percentage

of total

wage

and

salary

workers

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

1979 87,529 51,721 59.1 2,916 3,997 6,912 13.4

1980 87,644 51,335 58.6 3,087 4,686 7,773 15.1

1981 88,516 51,869 58.6 3,513 4,311 7,824 15.1

1982 87,368 50,846 58.2 2,348 4,148 6,496 12.8

1983 88,290 51,820 58.7 2,077 4,261 6,338 12.2

1984 92,194 54,143 58.7 1,838 4,125 5,963 11.0

1985 94,521 55,762 59.0 1,639 3,899 5,538 9.9

1986 96,903 57,529 59.4 1,599 3,461 5,060 8.8

1987 99,303 59,552 60.0 1,468 3,229 4,698 7.9

1988 101,407 60,878 60.0 1,319 2,608 3,927 6.5

1989 103,480 62,389 60.3 1,372 1,790 3,162 5.1

1990 104,876 63,172 60.2 2,132 1,096 3,228 5.1

1991 103,723 62,627 60.4 2,377 2,906 5,283 8.4

1992 104,668 63,610 60.8 1,939 2,982 4,921 7.7

1993 106,101 64,274 60.6 1,707 2,625 4,332 6.7

1994 107,989 66,549 61.6 1,995 2,132 4,128 6.2

1995 110,038 68,354 62.1 1,699 1,956 3,656 5.3

1996 111,960 69,255 61.9 1,863 1,861 3,724 5.4

1997 114,533 70,735 61.8 2,990 1,764 4,754 6.7

1998 116,730 71,440 61.2 2,834 1,593 4,427 6.2

1999 118,963 72,306 60.8 2,194 1,146 3,340 4.6

2000 122,089 73,496 60.2 1,752 898 2,650 3.6

2001 122,229 73,392 60.0 1,518 656 2,174 3.0

2002 121,826 72,508 59.5 1,579 567 2,146 3.0

2003 122,358 72,946 59.6 1,555 545 2,100 2.9

Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, 1979-2020 annual averages 

[Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 55

Year

Total

wage

and

salary

workers

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Percentage

of total

wage

and

salary

workers

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

2004 123,554 73,939 59.8 1,483 520 2,003 2.7

2005 125,889 75,609 60.1 1,403 479 1,882 2.5

2006 128,237 76,514 59.7 1,283 409 1,692 2.2

2007 129,767 75,873 58.5 1,462 267 1,729 2.3

2008 129,377 75,305 58.2 1,940 286 2,226 3.0

2009 124,490 72,611 58.3 2,592 980 3,572 4.9

2010 124,073 72,902 58.8 2,541 1,820 4,361 6.0

2011 125,187 73,926 59.1 2,152 1,677 3,829 5.2

2012 127,577 75,276 59.0 1,984 1,566 3,550 4.7

2013 129,110 75,948 58.8 1,768 1,532 3,301 4.3

2014 131,431 77,207 58.7 1,737 1,255 2,992 3.9

2015 133,743 78,232 58.5 1,691 870 2,561 3.3

2016 136,101 79,883 58.7 1,451 701 2,153 2.7

2017 137,890 80,439 58.3 1,282 542 1,824 2.3

2018 140,099 81,915 58.5 1,276 434 1,711 2.1

2019 141,737 82,289 58.1 1,211 392 1,603 1.9

2020 132,174 73,305 55.5 865 247 1,112 1.5

Women

1979 38,129 23,329 61.2 2,070 2,644 4,714 20.2

1980 38,944 23,626 60.7 2,104 2,990 5,095 21.6

1981 39,672 24,294 61.2 2,394 2,778 5,172 21.3

1982 39,777 24,365 61.3 1,651 2,561 4,212 17.3

1983 40,433 24,989 61.8 1,492 2,603 4,095 16.4

1984 42,172 26,003 61.7 1,348 2,499 3,847 14.8

1985 43,506 26,869 61.8 1,198 2,356 3,554 13.2

Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, 1979-2020 annual averages 

[Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 56

Year

Total

wage

and

salary

workers

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Percentage

of total

wage

and

salary

workers

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

1986 44,961 27,863 62.0 1,192 2,125 3,317 11.9

1987 46,365 29,078 62.7 1,105 1,946 3,051 10.5

1988 47,495 29,820 62.8 1,008 1,542 2,550 8.6

1989 48,691 30,702 63.1 994 1,056 2,050 6.7

1990 49,323 31,069 63.0 1,420 711 2,131 6.9

1991 49,105 30,988 63.1 1,582 1,792 3,374 10.9

1992 49,842 31,454 63.1 1,286 1,751 3,036 9.7

1993 50,626 31,937 63.1 1,133 1,534 2,667 8.4

1994 51,419 33,021 64.2 1,322 1,241 2,563 7.8

1995 52,369 33,934 64.8 1,157 1,161 2,318 6.8

1996 53,488 34,418 64.3 1,244 1,106 2,350 6.8

1997 54,708 35,214 64.4 1,843 1,092 2,935 8.3

1998 55,757 35,680 64.0 1,794 965 2,760 7.7

1999 57,050 36,233 63.5 1,426 700 2,126 5.9

2000 58,427 36,777 62.9 1,170 579 1,749 4.8

2001 58,582 36,848 62.9 1,021 409 1,430 3.9

2002 58,555 36,508 62.3 997 350 1,347 3.7

2003 59,122 37,093 62.7 1,062 332 1,394 3.8

2004 59,408 37,133 62.5 1,013 310 1,323 3.6

2005 60,423 37,957 62.8 944 290 1,234 3.3

2006 61,426 38,321 62.4 861 263 1,124 2.9

2007 62,299 38,082 61.1 1,002 181 1,183 3.1

2008 62,532 37,972 60.7 1,302 196 1,498 3.9

2009 60,951 37,426 61.4 1,603 612 2,215 5.9

2010 60,542 37,404 61.8 1,598 1,151 2,749 7.3

Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, 1979-2020 annual averages 

[Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 57

Year

Total

wage

and

salary

workers

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Percentage

of total

wage

and

salary

workers

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

2011 60,502 37,469 61.9 1,366 1,029 2,395 6.4

2012 61,679 38,163 61.9 1,288 999 2,287 6.0

2013 62,316 38,404 61.6 1,148 910 2,058 5.4

2014 63,383 38,802 61.2 1,139 739 1,878 4.8

2015 64,445 39,500 61.3 1,062 540 1,602 4.1

2016 65,512 40,315 61.5 952 432 1,384 3.4

2017 66,421 40,658 61.2 829 316 1,146 2.8

2018 67,467 41,223 61.1 812 267 1,078 2.6

2019 68,388 41,372 60.5 800 268 1,067 2.6

2020 63,462 36,513 57.5 607 136 742 2.0

Men

1979 49,400 28,392 57.5 846 1,353 2,199 7.7

1980 48,700 27,709 56.9 983 1,696 2,678 9.7

1981 48,844 27,576 56.5 1,119 1,533 2,652 9.6

1982 47,591 26,481 55.6 697 1,587 2,284 8.6

1983 47,856 26,831 56.1 585 1,658 2,243 8.4

1984 50,022 28,140 56.3 490 1,626 2,116 7.5

1985 51,015 28,893 56.6 440 1,544 1,984 6.9

1986 51,942 29,666 57.1 408 1,336 1,743 5.9

1987 52,938 30,474 57.6 364 1,283 1,647 5.4

1988 53,912 31,058 57.6 311 1,066 1,377 4.4

1989 54,789 31,687 57.8 379 733 1,112 3.5

1990 55,553 32,104 57.8 712 385 1,097 3.4

1991 54,618 31,639 57.9 795 1,114 1,909 6.0

1992 54,826 32,155 58.6 653 1,231 1,885 5.9

Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, 1979-2020 annual averages 

[Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 58

Year

Total

wage

and

salary

workers

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Percentage

of total

wage

and

salary

workers

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

1993 55,475 32,337 58.3 573 1,091 1,664 5.1

1994 56,570 33,528 59.3 674 891 1,565 4.7

1995 57,669 34,420 59.7 542 796 1,338 3.9

1996 58,473 34,838 59.6 619 755 1,374 3.9

1997 59,825 35,521 59.4 1,147 673 1,820 5.1

1998 60,973 35,761 58.7 1,039 628 1,667 4.7

1999 61,914 36,073 58.3 768 446 1,214 3.4

2000 63,662 36,720 57.7 582 319 901 2.5

2001 63,647 36,544 57.4 497 247 744 2.0

2002 63,272 36,000 56.9 582 217 799 2.2

2003 63,236 35,853 56.7 493 213 706 2.0

2004 64,145 36,806 57.4 470 210 680 1.8

2005 65,466 37,652 57.5 459 189 648 1.7

2006 66,811 38,193 57.2 422 146 568 1.5

2007 67,468 37,790 56.0 460 86 546 1.4

2008 66,846 37,334 55.9 638 90 728 1.9

2009 63,539 35,185 55.4 990 368 1,358 3.9

2010 63,531 35,498 55.9 943 669 1,612 4.5

2011 64,686 36,457 56.4 785 648 1,433 3.9

2012 65,898 37,113 56.3 696 567 1,263 3.4

2013 66,794 37,544 56.2 621 622 1,243 3.3

2014 68,048 38,405 56.4 598 516 1,114 2.9

2015 69,298 38,732 55.9 629 330 959 2.5

2016 70,589 39,568 56.1 499 270 769 1.9

2017 71,469 39,781 55.7 452 226 678 1.7

Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, 1979-2020 annual averages 

[Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 59

Footnotes

(1) Data for 1990-91, 1996-97, and 2007-09 reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place in those years.

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total

wage

and

salary

workers

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Percentage

of total

wage

and

salary

workers

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

2018 72,632 40,691 56.0 464 168 632 1.6

2019 73,349 40,918 55.8 411 125 536 1.3

2020 68,711 36,792 53.5 258 111 369 1.0

Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, 1979-2020 annual averages 

[Numbers in thousands]

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and older

1979 62.3 78.6 85.2 76.3 62.1 67.5 58.3 56.8 60.6 77.6

1980 64.2 80.3 89.5 78.1 62.8 69.4 58.3 56.9 59.4 76.4

1981 64.4 82.6 91.7 80.6 62.6 70.3 59.9 56.8 58.9 71.1

1982 65.7 85.3 92.9 82.4 64.9 72.1 61.1 60.1 61.4 70.3

1983 66.5 88.8 94.0 85.5 65.8 73.3 61.5 59.5 61.8 68.8

1984 67.6 87.9 93.1 85.2 67.1 74.6 62.0 59.4 61.5 66.8

1985 68.1 87.6 90.7 85.7 66.8 75.1 63.0 59.7 61.0 65.9

1986 69.5 89.0 91.4 87.5 66.5 76.1 63.9 60.9 61.2 71.5

1987 69.8 88.3 87.8 88.0 67.3 76.7 66.1 62.3 62.2 68.7

1988 70.2 89.7 89.8 90.0 68.8 77.7 68.5 61.7 62.3 70.9

Table 12. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2020

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 60

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and older

1989 70.1 90.8 94.3 89.7 70.2 78.3 68.3 62.7 63.9 74.3

1990 71.9 90.1 90.8 90.3 72.1 79.3 69.6 63.8 63.7 74.4

1991 74.2 93.3 93.6 93.3 74.0 81.0 70.7 65.0 64.5 68.3

1992 75.8 94.0 94.0 94.3 74.6 82.0 71.9 65.8 64.9 77.9

1993 77.1 94.8 92.8 95.4 74.8 83.0 73.0 67.4 67.4 74.3

1994 76.4 93.9 92.5 94.5 73.1 82.9 72.6 67.1 66.0 76.2

1995 75.5 90.8 88.1 92.4 72.8 82.2 72.6 67.7 64.7 80.0

1996 75.0 92.5 88.8 92.8 74.1 83.2 73.3 68.9 65.3 70.0

1997 74.4 92.1 91.6 90.5 75.1 82.9 74.0 69.4 64.7 77.0

1998 76.3 91.3 88.6 89.4 75.9 82.9 73.6 70.5 68.1 72.6

1999 76.5 91.0 91.4 90.5 74.4 81.5 71.7 70.0 67.9 78.7

2000 76.9 91.7 92.5 92.7 74.5 82.4 71.6 73.2 69.1 75.1

2001 76.4 90.3 90.3 91.9 75.4 83.0 72.5 73.5 70.5 69.0

2002 77.9 93.9 94.6 93.9 77.6 84.5 75.2 74.6 71.6 73.8

2003 79.4 93.2 93.1 93.9 78.5 86.9 76.1 73.0 72.7 71.1

2004 80.4 93.8 92.1 93.8 78.6 87.8 75.6 72.9 73.0 74.6

2005 81.0 93.2 92.1 93.8 79.4 89.0 75.5 75.5 74.7 76.4

2006 80.8 94.5 87.6 94.9 78.7 88.2 77.2 73.5 72.9 77.5

2007 80.2 92.3 89.1 90.3 78.5 86.9 76.5 74.5 72.8 77.8

2008 79.9 91.1 87.3 92.5 78.2 88.5 74.5 74.9 75.4 74.8

2009 80.2 92.6 90.7 92.9 78.7 88.7 77.4 73.6 75.3 76.1

2010 81.2 95.3 94.6 93.8 80.5 90.8 79.9 76.5 75.2 75.7

2011 82.2 92.5 88.6 93.2 81.0 92.3 78.5 76.0 75.1 80.9

2012 80.9 88.9 88.5 89.0 79.9 90.2 78.1 75.1 76.2 77.6

2013 82.1 88.3 89.7 89.8 81.1 89.4 80.2 76.6 77.1 73.7

2014 82.5 91.5 91.1 92.3 81.6 89.9 81.0 77.2 76.4 78.6

2015 81.1 88.2 89.4 89.7 80.4 89.6 81.8 76.8 73.7 73.8

2016 81.9 94.9 92.6 95.6 80.9 88.8 83.3 77.8 73.7 75.5

2017 81.8 91.2 87.6 90.2 81.3 88.2 81.0 77.5 78.0 77.0

2018 81.1 90.8 89.4 92.2 80.9 87.0 79.6 77.0 75.0 77.2

Table 12. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2020

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 61

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 22.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and older

2019 81.5 89.0 84.4 90.4 80.8 87.8 80.1 77.3 75.5 76.5

2020 82.3 94.7 90.4 93.5 81.2 89.5 81.2 77.5 77.8 80.4

Table 12. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2020

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino ethnicity

1979 62.3 61.7 74.4 - 71.7

1980 64.2 63.4 75.8 - 73.5

1981 64.4 63.1 76.9 - 75.7

1982 65.7 64.5 78.1 - 75.5

1983 66.5 65.6 78.9 - 78.5

1984 67.6 66.8 79.5 - 77.7

1985 68.1 67.2 82.6 - 77.7

1986 69.5 67.9 82.8 - 80.6

1987 69.8 68.2 84.4 - 82.0

1988 70.2 68.4 82.8 - 84.4

1989 70.1 69.3 86.5 - 85.4

1990 71.9 71.5 85.3 - 87.4

1991 74.2 73.7 86.1 - 90.4

1992 75.8 75.3 88.2 - 89.1

1993 77.1 76.5 88.8 - 90.5

1994 76.4 74.6 86.5 - 88.9

1995 75.5 73.3 86.4 - 87.1

1996 75.0 73.8 87.9 - 88.8

1997 74.4 74.6 86.8 - 85.7

Table 13. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2020

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 62

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino ethnicity

1998 76.3 76.1 85.5 - 86.4

1999 76.5 75.7 83.8 - 85.7

2000 76.9 75.8 84.1 79.9 87.8

2001 76.4 75.8 85.8 76.9 88.2

2002 77.9 77.9 90.3 74.9 88.0

2003 79.4 79.3 88.5 77.5 88.4

2004 80.4 79.8 88.8 76.4 87.3

2005 81.0 80.2 89.3 80.6 87.7

2006 80.8 80.0 87.8 79.3 87.1

2007 80.2 79.4 88.8 78.1 91.0

2008 79.9 79.3 89.4 78.0 89.6

2009 80.2 79.2 93.7 81.8 89.5

2010 81.2 80.5 93.5 82.6 90.7

2011 82.2 82.1 91.1 77.4 90.7

2012 80.9 80.8 90.1 73.0 88.0

2013 82.1 81.7 91.3 77.3 91.1

2014 82.5 81.8 89.9 77.9 89.0

2015 81.1 80.8 90.4 77.7 89.7

2016 81.9 81.3 89.3 78.4 88.4

2017 81.8 81.9 92.5 74.8 87.4

2018 81.1 81.5 89.0 75.5 85.7

2019 81.5 81.1 91.5 76.7 85.9

2020 82.3 81.5 92.0 79.0 88.5

Table 13. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2020

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 63

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 23. As of 2003, 

estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who 

reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not 

tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher

1979 62.1 60.3 60.1 64.1 66.7

1980 62.8 61.4 61.5 64.5 67.9

1981 62.6 61.2 61.0 65.6 66.9

1982 64.9 62.8 63.1 66.7 68.8

1983 65.8 64.8 63.4 68.2 71.2

1984 67.1 64.9 64.9 68.4 69.4

1985 66.8 64.3 65.8 67.2 70.2

1986 66.5 64.8 66.6 68.0 70.6

1987 67.3 66.0 68.1 69.8 71.4

1988 68.8 66.6 68.2 71.6 71.4

1989 70.2 66.8 67.6 73.3 71.9

1990 72.1 68.8 68.6 72.9 72.2

1991 74.0 71.6 69.8 72.6 73.6

1992 74.6 72.9 70.4 73.3 75.1

1993 74.8 73.9 71.3 73.8 75.8

1994 73.1 75.1 70.8 72.1 76.8

1995 72.8 75.5 70.2 71.6 76.2

1996 74.1 75.1 70.7 73.2 75.2

1997 75.1 75.3 70.7 73.9 75.0

1998 75.9 73.9 70.8 74.0 75.3

1999 74.4 73.4 69.8 73.4 75.7

2000 74.5 74.9 71.1 73.1 74.1

2001 75.4 75.4 72.7 71.9 73.7

2002 77.6 77.2 74.2 74.3 74.2

2003 78.5 76.7 75.5 75.7 73.6

Table 14. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979-2020

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 64

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older in 

table 24.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher

2004 78.6 74.9 75.7 75.8 75.2

2005 79.4 74.9 75.6 76.6 75.7

2006 78.7 76.3 73.7 75.6 75.1

2007 78.5 76.7 74.3 75.2 75.0

2008 78.2 76.1 73.3 75.7 74.3

2009 78.7 76.4 75.7 75.4 73.1

2010 80.5 79.8 76.5 75.5 74.1

2011 81.0 80.9 76.9 76.8 74.9

2012 79.9 76.0 76.3 76.9 73.0

2013 81.1 80.0 78.3 76.6 74.8

2014 81.6 79.1 77.0 75.8 75.7

2015 80.4 80.4 77.2 75.2 74.9

2016 80.9 76.8 77.9 76.8 75.2

2017 81.3 76.5 76.5 76.3 76.4

2018 80.9 77.3 75.2 75.4 75.1

2019 80.8 76.7 75.0 74.4 76.0

2020 81.2 77.9 76.2 75.9 75.4

Table 14. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979-2020

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

1979 64.1 81.8 95.0 75.9 58.3 63.3 55.8 54.1 56.9 87.6

1980 64.8 84.1 93.2 77.0 58.7 64.1 54.9 54.4 56.4 89.2

1981 65.1 86.1 96.7 80.0 60.3 66.7 57.5 54.1 56.2 88.1

1982 67.3 86.3 97.0 81.8 62.1 67.7 57.1 55.7 59.0 88.1

Table 15. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2020

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 65

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

1983 69.4 87.2 96.7 84.4 62.9 70.3 57.6 56.7 58.0 87.6

1984 69.8 86.0 96.5 84.5 63.7 71.1 59.0 56.9 59.5 89.0

1985 70.0 85.7 96.3 87.2 64.7 72.4 60.3 57.8 60.4 88.8

1986 70.2 85.8 95.5 86.7 66.0 74.1 61.4 59.0 60.3 91.3

1987 72.1 85.9 93.9 86.1 67.2 74.3 62.9 61.3 62.0 91.2

1988 73.8 89.1 94.4 87.2 68.7 75.6 66.1 61.6 62.4 92.8

1989 75.4 90.7 93.4 86.9 69.8 78.0 67.0 63.4 63.8 87.1

1990 77.9 91.0 93.8 90.1 71.8 79.4 68.7 64.3 66.2 89.6

1991 78.6 91.0 97.9 91.7 73.5 80.4 70.4 65.0 68.9 92.6

1992 80.3 91.3 97.7 92.5 76.0 82.6 73.1 66.1 69.3 92.6

1993 80.4 91.7 97.1 94.2 77.3 83.6 73.1 67.3 69.0 92.1

1994 80.6 90.5 97.0 91.2 78.2 85.5 73.4 69.9 70.7 94.0

1995 80.8 90.9 96.1 89.3 76.1 83.7 72.6 70.8 71.4 94.2

1996 81.2 92.1 97.0 89.6 78.2 83.1 74.6 72.1 72.4 91.6

1997 80.8 92.2 96.6 91.2 78.8 82.7 75.7 72.3 70.5 98.1

1998 81.8 90.3 96.7 89.1 77.9 86.1 77.4 75.0 72.4 93.2

1999 83.8 92.7 96.8 89.9 79.4 83.9 76.9 72.7 76.4 95.4

2000 83.8 91.7 93.8 93.0 80.8 88.3 76.3 73.2 76.8 94.7

2001 85.2 90.5 95.8 89.7 79.2 85.8 75.0 76.1 80.2 90.4

2002 85.0 92.5 96.9 91.3 82.1 85.1 78.7 77.6 80.8 89.3

2003 84.8 93.2 97.6 91.0 83.1 87.5 79.1 79.0 78.4 90.3

2004 84.6 93.9 95.9 91.7 81.7 88.3 78.4 79.1 79.6 92.5

2005 84.8 92.6 96.0 92.4 83.2 89.2 79.6 80.2 80.2 97.8

2006 84.0 90.9 95.7 90.5 83.2 87.6 80.0 76.4 80.6 93.0

2007 84.8 89.3 95.4 90.4 81.7 87.4 81.5 79.6 79.2 92.2

2008 85.4 91.2 96.6 91.6 83.0 87.0 80.5 78.2 81.8 91.6

2009 85.5 93.1 97.1 92.0 84.7 90.6 80.7 77.0 84.5 92.6

2010 86.0 93.6 97.8 91.7 85.6 91.9 82.9 79.9 83.2 93.8

2011 86.8 94.6 97.5 92.5 86.7 92.0 83.8 81.5 82.2 91.5

Table 15. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2020

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 66

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information on historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of workers paid hourly rates in table 25.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

2012 86.4 93.0 97.9 92.0 86.8 91.5 83.9 81.2 83.1 90.9

2013 86.6 92.3 96.7 94.0 87.5 91.1 84.9 81.2 84.1 94.9

2014 84.6 92.4 96.1 96.3 85.7 87.0 84.6 81.2 81.3 89.2

2015 85.6 95.1 97.5 93.5 87.8 91.0 85.7 84.3 82.1 89.5

2016 87.0 97.7 95.7 91.9 87.6 88.2 85.8 83.0 83.7 88.1

2017 89.2 93.5 97.1 92.6 87.2 92.4 83.4 80.9 81.8 93.0

2018 87.8 93.1 97.6 95.9 84.7 92.2 82.5 80.0 79.9 92.4

2019 88.6 95.0 95.5 92.0 86.3 90.8 83.0 83.0 81.7 93.5

2020 85.7 92.7 93.2 92.2 86.0 90.7 84.3 81.1 84.6 89.7

Table 15. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2020

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1979 64.1 62.5 72.6 - 71.8

1980 64.8 63.6 74.9 - 75.1

1981 65.1 63.8 72.1 - 76.4

1982 67.3 66.0 75.2 - 75.6

1983 69.4 68.0 79.2 - 76.1

1984 69.8 68.6 79.1 - 77.0

1985 70.0 67.8 82.0 - 79.4

1986 70.2 68.8 78.7 - 80.8

1987 72.1 70.9 80.1 - 80.2

1988 73.8 72.7 80.8 - 81.1

Table 16. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 

1979-2020

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 67

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1989 75.4 74.0 83.2 - 83.0

1990 77.9 75.6 84.5 - 86.1

1991 78.6 76.6 86.5 - 86.9

1992 80.3 78.6 87.1 - 88.3

1993 80.4 78.9 89.6 - 88.6

1994 80.6 79.7 87.5 - 89.3

1995 80.8 78.4 87.3 - 90.9

1996 81.2 79.6 88.0 - 88.8

1997 80.8 80.3 87.5 - 86.3

1998 81.8 81.8 86.9 - 87.6

1999 83.8 82.3 83.2 - 86.6

2000 83.8 83.0 88.8 90.5 87.3

2001 85.2 83.8 89.9 85.1 85.6

2002 85.0 83.8 92.3 91.7 86.1

2003 84.8 84.0 91.7 89.8 88.5

2004 84.6 84.0 91.3 88.8 90.2

2005 84.8 84.2 91.1 91.3 90.1

2006 84.0 83.6 88.5 90.7 87.6

2007 84.8 83.7 90.3 89.5 88.5

2008 85.4 84.5 89.9 87.3 85.1

2009 85.5 84.8 89.7 90.4 84.6

2010 86.0 85.0 92.1 88.0 86.2

2011 86.8 85.9 93.5 89.8 86.8

2012 86.4 85.3 92.0 90.1 85.4

2013 86.6 85.7 94.9 91.6 87.5

2014 84.6 83.3 94.8 90.2 86.6

2015 85.6 85.9 92.4 92.8 85.8

2016 87.0 87.2 92.6 93.6 85.2

2017 89.2 87.8 94.1 85.5 84.1

Table 16. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 

1979-2020

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 68

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in table 26. As of 2003, 

estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who 

reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not 

tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

2018 87.8 86.3 91.6 89.6 85.3

2019 88.6 87.3 93.5 88.8 90.1

2020 85.7 85.2 94.1 91.8 90.4

Table 16. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 

1979-2020

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

Total

1979 $803 $573 $480 $620 $883 $850 $933 $920 $873 $660

1980 787 562 462 601 859 829 907 895 856 610

1981 778 548 441 584 844 811 893 877 847 608

1982 780 537 424 568 845 804 915 891 840 654

1983 777 524 407 553 851 797 918 911 859 648

1984 776 517 402 550 862 798 926 917 871 648

1985 791 515 400 552 871 802 933 920 876 683

1986 812 525 403 561 885 814 948 941 898 674

1987 817 531 406 566 880 814 950 937 884 677

1988 812 525 414 561 873 808 949 956 884 681

1989 806 523 412 558 863 796 954 954 871 675

1990 794 518 403 549 865 784 936 942 881 661

1991 792 515 396 541 868 771 926 942 872 708

Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2020 annual averages [In constant 2020 

dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 69

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

1992 799 501 385 526 869 766 913 947 877 686

1993 812 499 379 526 869 772 915 959 871 696

1994 809 496 383 520 867 761 931 981 868 666

1995 810 494 391 518 863 763 931 985 870 658

1996 807 491 395 514 857 763 921 979 881 633

1997 811 494 406 518 871 776 934 979 900 634

1998 833 508 427 540 911 799 951 987 943 645

1999 855 531 438 565 922 807 952 1,016 941 629

2000 869 544 448 578 919 828 943 1,009 935 698

2001 874 550 447 578 924 845 963 1,016 935 716

2002 877 550 440 576 932 853 964 1,019 973 724

2003 874 546 439 567 934 838 969 1,020 999 728

2004 876 536 424 558 938 830 979 1,021 996 769

2005 865 527 422 546 924 810 971 993 985 756

2006 864 526 417 544 924 799 963 995 985 750

2007 870 531 422 563 924 805 962 989 1,005 757

2008 870 534 420 563 917 802 969 990 994 776

2009 894 534 416 561 936 820 988 1,013 1,017 827

2010 888 514 413 540 930 811 980 1,004 1,023 813

2011 872 507 406 527 919 799 965 999 1,016 856

2012 868 502 402 524 921 799 969 992 1,014 855

2013 864 506 415 526 921 788 973 983 1,007 892

2014 865 522 414 537 918 794 964 984 997 902

2015 884 532 425 548 940 803 984 1,009 1,013 954

2016 898 540 437 553 955 810 1,008 1,030 1,027 934

2017 908 548 448 570 958 816 1,018 1,032 1,029 960

2018 913 565 463 594 961 833 1,016 1,033 1,025 973

2019 928 588 487 605 981 856 1,048 1,046 1,029 947

2020 984 606 497 624 1,029 904 1,106 1,129 1,096 999

Women

Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2020 annual averages [In constant 2020 

dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 70

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

1979 $607 $513 $440 $537 $650 $663 $653 $640 $630 $567

1980 604 502 435 526 640 655 643 628 616 526

1981 600 493 422 523 638 655 652 616 608 518

1982 618 496 408 519 659 667 667 651 633 545

1983 625 491 392 514 665 675 675 655 638 526

1984 631 483 386 507 674 679 695 664 643 521

1985 637 485 382 508 680 680 706 671 655 556

1986 658 495 385 523 697 692 722 697 670 579

1987 662 496 376 528 701 690 736 707 672 570

1988 665 496 388 530 707 690 747 715 669 591

1989 663 497 398 525 709 687 747 721 673 590

1990 667 489 382 518 711 686 751 726 671 578

1991 680 494 381 520 719 690 757 740 675 593

1992 690 485 372 508 726 693 759 757 682 595

1993 696 483 363 512 735 699 770 779 699 593

1994 692 478 366 503 730 688 776 780 690 582

1995 687 465 364 492 724 682 766 785 682 597

1996 689 468 367 491 731 684 763 792 692 550

1997 695 471 387 494 745 689 777 798 698 561

1998 726 486 396 508 772 718 793 822 758 557

1999 737 505 414 534 774 732 783 832 766 576

2000 744 519 427 552 778 744 786 851 766 591

2001 751 518 422 550 796 751 802 861 786 572

2002 763 530 426 556 820 765 824 869 828 620

2003 779 523 422 546 824 770 832 859 848 614

2004 787 515 402 537 823 771 835 859 845 657

2005 777 506 404 526 813 761 825 855 849 653

2006 772 508 393 532 807 750 830 848 847 656

2007 768 512 398 533 809 747 836 847 850 668

2008 769 506 388 536 807 751 822 852 857 678

Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2020 annual averages [In constant 2020 

dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 71

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

2009 794 513 391 538 831 767 857 861 879 728

2010 795 502 400 522 837 771 869 868 875 715

2011 789 486 378 505 828 764 847 858 864 766

2012 781 470 373 485 821 753 844 843 866 754

2013 786 471 390 492 824 741 854 847 867 769

2014 787 493 391 512 823 743 854 853 853 810

2015 793 492 398 511 832 754 879 873 857 809

2016 808 524 419 539 846 761 905 902 876 808

2017 813 527 424 543 855 765 908 903 904 826

2018 813 538 434 563 856 773 903 903 879 836

2019 831 547 432 570 876 798 931 915 891 825

2020 891 589 464 606 929 852 978 977 955 897

Men

1979 $973 $653 $517 $703 $1,047 $983 $1,120 $1,127 $1,040 $730

1980 940 625 486 673 1,018 943 1,102 1,102 1,036 688

1981 932 597 460 649 1,019 932 1,088 1,085 1,033 729

1982 941 581 439 630 1,016 925 1,090 1,083 1,031 775

1983 940 553 417 600 1,010 921 1,097 1,102 1,032 764

1984 933 550 414 595 1,005 910 1,121 1,119 1,045 781

1985 936 554 421 593 1,018 906 1,120 1,124 1,074 844

1986 948 557 421 597 1,048 910 1,129 1,145 1,095 810

1987 948 561 428 600 1,041 900 1,114 1,135 1,081 830

1988 947 553 432 589 1,027 888 1,091 1,158 1,074 833

1989 945 547 422 586 1,010 877 1,095 1,149 1,053 794

1990 927 543 420 574 987 865 1,079 1,139 1,052 776

1991 916 530 407 558 972 851 1,071 1,138 1,046 868

1992 909 515 396 539 973 846 1,054 1,151 1,051 764

1993 903 510 391 536 982 842 1,055 1,156 1,037 798

1994 905 510 395 532 998 830 1,069 1,163 1,045 764

1995 910 513 413 533 995 829 1,056 1,159 1,054 746

Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2020 annual averages [In constant 2020 

dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 72

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

1996 918 506 414 529 987 822 1,041 1,150 1,059 786

1997 934 511 423 545 992 831 1,050 1,150 1,079 729

1998 952 532 447 568 1,018 866 1,078 1,166 1,113 768

1999 963 555 453 590 1,040 899 1,093 1,188 1,129 732

2000 967 566 462 596 1,045 902 1,098 1,163 1,109 787

2001 982 573 468 598 1,056 905 1,106 1,172 1,114 828

2002 980 564 450 592 1,056 905 1,095 1,165 1,157 841

2003 980 561 453 581 1,049 886 1,093 1,176 1,166 863

2004 979 549 437 573 1,047 878 1,104 1,177 1,158 880

2005 959 543 438 560 1,024 855 1,092 1,133 1,135 855

2006 956 538 448 560 1,026 851 1,076 1,154 1,161 847

2007 959 554 447 591 1,030 860 1,093 1,138 1,168 859

2008 961 555 445 580 1,033 848 1,102 1,137 1,136 907

2009 990 554 430 579 1,056 865 1,108 1,169 1,167 956

2010 980 527 422 556 1,039 849 1,088 1,134 1,164 944

2011 960 525 427 542 1,022 827 1,078 1,129 1,150 947

2012 965 529 421 545 1,028 834 1,081 1,123 1,136 972

2013 958 533 434 548 1,016 829 1,065 1,107 1,126 1,043

2014 953 539 429 555 1,009 826 1,055 1,106 1,117 1,031

2015 978 557 445 570 1,035 842 1,074 1,137 1,163 1,096

2016 987 552 452 564 1,045 857 1,086 1,160 1,189 1,070

2017 994 578 485 602 1,052 867 1,121 1,165 1,159 1,073

2018 1,003 593 486 610 1,058 889 1,135 1,172 1,172 1,082

2019 1,019 614 512 631 1,083 908 1,163 1,183 1,180 1,079

2020 1,082 622 513 648 1,144 952 1,205 1,260 1,228 1,115

Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2020 annual averages [In constant 2020 

dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 73

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes 

section. 

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total

1979 $803 $827 $663 - $647

1980 787 808 637 - 628

1981 778 797 644 - 611

1982 780 801 633 - 620

1983 777 794 648 - 620

1984 776 800 640 - 617

1985 791 818 637 - 621

1986 812 839 658 - 627

1987 817 838 657 - 622

1988 812 833 662 - 612

1989 806 826 644 - 602

1990 794 817 634 - 586

1991 792 822 647 - 580

1992 799 831 648 - 583

1993 812 841 653 - 586

1994 809 839 643 - 562

1995 810 836 648 - 557

1996 807 834 638 - 558

1997 811 837 645 - 566

1998 833 868 678 - 589

1999 855 893 693 - 600

2000 869 890 715 $928 602

2001 874 894 720 937 611

2002 877 899 719 949 612

2003 874 897 725 977 621

Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2020 

annual averages [In constant 2020 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 74

Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

2004 876 902 721 973 626

2005 865 892 691 1,000 625

2006 864 888 713 1,009 625

2007 870 896 712 1,039 630

2008 870 894 710 1,037 637

2009 894 915 727 1,064 654

2010 888 910 727 1,017 636

2011 872 894 709 999 633

2012 868 895 702 1,040 642

2013 864 893 700 1,049 644

2014 865 893 699 1,043 650

2015 884 913 701 1,085 660

2016 898 930 731 1,101 673

2017 908 940 720 1,101 692

2018 913 944 715 1,129 701

2019 928 956 744 1,188 715

2020 984 1,003 794 1,310 758

Women

1979 $607 $613 $563 - $523

1980 604 610 556 - 517

1981 600 605 564 - 521

1982 618 625 561 - 525

1983 625 630 576 - 533

1984 631 638 574 - 531

1985 637 646 579 - 529

1986 658 665 597 - 545

1987 662 670 603 - 548

1988 665 671 608 - 549

1989 663 675 608 - 543

1990 667 680 593 - 536

1991 680 693 600 - 543

Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2020 

annual averages [In constant 2020 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 75

Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1992 690 702 608 - 548

1993 696 710 616 - 554

1994 692 707 600 - 529

1995 687 702 601 - 516

1996 689 705 596 - 521

1997 695 716 605 - 513

1998 726 745 637 - 537

1999 737 752 637 - 542

2000 744 757 647 $825 552

2001 751 765 666 826 569

2002 763 789 683 817 573

2003 779 800 693 843 578

2004 787 802 694 842 576

2005 777 792 663 883 570

2006 772 784 668 900 566

2007 768 783 667 915 592

2008 769 788 667 907 604

2009 794 809 704 942 615

2010 795 813 704 919 604

2011 789 811 686 866 597

2012 781 802 677 870 589

2013 786 804 675 912 602

2014 787 803 668 920 600

2015 793 812 672 958 619

2016 808 826 691 973 632

2017 813 839 694 954 637

2018 813 842 674 966 636

2019 831 850 713 1,037 650

2020 891 905 764 1,143 705

Men

1979 $973 $993 $757 - $730

Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2020 

annual averages [In constant 2020 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 76

Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1980 940 961 733 - 703

1981 932 959 734 - 688

1982 941 969 718 - 695

1983 940 960 730 - 680

1984 933 955 721 - 683

1985 936 961 701 - 680

1986 948 980 722 - 676

1987 948 983 714 - 668

1988 947 981 734 - 650

1989 945 974 703 - 636

1990 927 952 696 - 613

1991 916 941 697 - 600

1992 909 933 690 - 615

1993 903 927 694 - 612

1994 905 948 693 - 594

1995 910 958 695 - 592

1996 918 956 679 - 586

1997 934 960 697 - 598

1998 952 979 745 - 621

1999 963 994 760 - 632

2000 967 998 769 $1,033 629

2001 982 1,010 776 1,073 645

2002 980 1,013 756 1,091 651

2003 980 1,008 783 1,089 654

2004 979 1,005 782 1,102 659

2005 959 987 742 1,096 649

2006 956 979 761 1,135 650

2007 959 986 751 1,171 651

2008 961 994 747 1,164 673

2009 990 1,022 751 1,151 688

2010 980 1,011 753 1,113 666

Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2020 

annual averages [In constant 2020 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 77

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one 

race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians 

constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research 

series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

2011 960 987 753 1,119 659

2012 965 993 751 1,192 669

2013 958 984 739 1,179 661

2014 953 981 744 1,182 674

2015 978 1,005 743 1,234 690

2016 987 1,016 775 1,242 715

2017 994 1,025 750 1,275 729

2018 1,003 1,033 758 1,279 742

2019 1,019 1,049 778 1,352 756

2020 1,082 1,110 830 1,447 797

Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2020 

annual averages [In constant 2020 dollars]

Year

Total,

25 years

and older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some

college or

associate

degree

Bachelor's

degree and

higher

Total

1979 $883 $700 $830 $940 $1,147

1980 859 667 799 913 1,129

1981 844 658 784 888 1,115

1982 845 641 780 907 1,132

1983 851 635 772 901 1,144

1984 862 626 769 910 1,157

1985 871 621 766 917 1,163

Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 

1979-2020 annual averages [In constant 2020 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 78

Year

Total,

25 years

and older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some

college or

associate

degree

Bachelor's

degree and

higher

1986 885 629 778 925 1,188

1987 880 620 777 919 1,231

1988 873 608 776 907 1,234

1989 863 600 758 913 1,230

1990 865 584 744 917 1,229

1991 868 571 738 909 1,238

1992 869 564 731 878 1,263

1993 869 556 735 874 1,265

1994 867 532 730 865 1,270

1995 863 523 731 860 1,264

1996 857 522 730 853 1,249

1997 871 518 744 863 1,256

1998 911 537 763 889 1,307

1999 922 539 763 903 1,340

2000 919 546 762 899 1,344

2001 924 560 762 905 1,350

2002 932 560 772 908 1,358

2003 934 559 781 901 1,360

2004 938 551 788 908 1,354

2005 924 543 774 890 1,345

2006 924 539 766 891 1,337

2007 924 536 756 881 1,342

2008 917 546 745 870 1,343

2009 936 549 757 878 1,375

2010 930 528 744 873 1,360

2011 919 520 736 852 1,326

2012 921 532 737 846 1,316

2013 921 526 725 833 1,330

2014 918 534 731 833 1,305

Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 

1979-2020 annual averages [In constant 2020 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 79

Year

Total,

25 years

and older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some

college or

associate

degree

Bachelor's

degree and

higher

2015 940 539 741 833 1,344

2016 955 544 746 840 1,358

2017 958 549 752 843 1,351

2018 961 570 753 852 1,365

2019 981 599 755 866 1,384

2020 1,029 619 781 903 1,421

Women

1979 $650 $507 $617 $703 $880

1980 640 492 604 694 871

1981 638 479 595 699 871

1982 659 475 610 708 894

1983 665 484 610 715 916

1984 674 476 617 726 929

1985 680 464 616 729 952

1986 697 471 627 747 986

1987 701 467 629 758 1,017

1988 707 466 629 759 1,023

1989 709 467 614 766 1,024

1990 711 462 607 761 1,031

1991 719 465 610 760 1,045

1992 726 465 612 739 1,078

1993 735 465 614 747 1,081

1994 730 445 608 733 1,099

1995 724 443 602 723 1,090

1996 731 442 601 728 1,082

1997 745 444 610 740 1,084

1998 772 451 631 758 1,126

1999 774 452 631 760 1,153

2000 778 459 633 762 1,140

Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 

1979-2020 annual averages [In constant 2020 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 80

Year

Total,

25 years

and older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some

college or

associate

degree

Bachelor's

degree and

higher

2001 796 463 650 762 1,152

2002 820 469 661 784 1,167

2003 824 464 669 790 1,173

2004 823 459 670 793 1,181

2005 813 453 655 780 1,173

2006 807 461 644 775 1,165

2007 809 462 641 762 1,166

2008 807 455 627 757 1,151

2009 831 462 655 762 1,173

2010 837 461 646 759 1,172

2011 828 456 639 744 1,151

2012 821 436 634 745 1,131

2013 824 445 638 732 1,161

2014 823 447 632 723 1,148

2015 832 457 640 726 1,163

2016 846 456 646 742 1,188

2017 855 472 644 739 1,194

2018 856 484 635 739 1,180

2019 876 500 641 746 1,210

2020 929 525 671 779 1,239

Men

1979 $1,047 $840 $1,027 $1,097 $1,320

1980 1,018 802 982 1,075 1,282

1981 1,019 784 975 1,066 1,301

1982 1,016 757 966 1,062 1,300

1983 1,010 747 963 1,047 1,285

1984 1,005 733 950 1,062 1,338

1985 1,018 722 936 1,085 1,356

1986 1,048 726 941 1,097 1,398

Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 

1979-2020 annual averages [In constant 2020 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 81

Year

Total,

25 years

and older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some

college or

associate

degree

Bachelor's

degree and

higher

1987 1,041 707 924 1,085 1,426

1988 1,027 700 922 1,061 1,432

1989 1,010 699 909 1,044 1,424

1990 987 672 884 1,044 1,428

1991 972 649 874 1,046 1,420

1992 973 637 869 1,007 1,436

1993 982 630 862 1,012 1,427

1994 998 593 860 1,017 1,432

1995 995 587 858 1,008 1,430

1996 987 588 850 995 1,440

1997 992 589 863 1,002 1,445

1998 1,018 610 890 1,024 1,495

1999 1,040 615 903 1,036 1,522

2000 1,045 612 891 1,042 1,538

2001 1,056 614 893 1,060 1,565

2002 1,056 608 890 1,055 1,573

2003 1,049 605 886 1,044 1,595

2004 1,047 613 886 1,045 1,570

2005 1,024 604 866 1,017 1,550

2006 1,026 604 873 1,024 1,551

2007 1,030 602 862 1,014 1,556

2008 1,033 599 854 1,000 1,548

2009 1,056 605 866 1,010 1,605

2010 1,039 578 844 1,005 1,581

2011 1,022 563 830 969 1,536

2012 1,028 574 831 968 1,549

2013 1,016 557 815 955 1,553

2014 1,009 566 822 954 1,515

2015 1,035 568 830 965 1,552

Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 

1979-2020 annual averages [In constant 2020 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 82

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes 

section.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

25 years

and older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some

college or

associate

degree

Bachelor's

degree and

higher

2016 1,045 594 830 967 1,579

2017 1,052 617 842 968 1,564

2018 1,058 626 844 980 1,571

2019 1,083 652 854 1,003 1,592

2020 1,144 674 881 1,027 1,644

Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 

1979-2020 annual averages [In constant 2020 dollars]

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

Total

1979 $14.80 $11.63 $10.33 $13.40 $17.03 $17.33 $17.63 $17.20 $16.57 $10.77

1980 14.47 11.14 9.67 12.88 16.67 17.00 17.30 16.97 16.19 10.69

1981 14.11 10.88 9.81 12.63 16.41 16.68 16.99 16.47 15.92 10.74

1982 13.95 10.47 9.30 12.04 16.23 16.41 17.08 16.59 15.79 10.65

1983 13.87 10.12 8.96 11.64 16.25 16.13 17.15 16.70 15.91 10.92

1984 13.88 9.95 8.69 11.48 16.29 16.12 17.07 16.86 15.76 11.02

1985 13.86 9.79 8.44 11.36 16.21 15.91 17.22 16.94 15.89 10.90

1986 14.03 9.98 8.39 11.45 16.36 15.86 17.62 17.49 16.22 11.24

1987 14.13 10.02 8.32 11.38 16.29 15.70 17.34 17.16 16.20 11.09

1988 14.20 10.11 8.50 11.35 16.33 15.68 17.24 17.22 15.78 11.03

1989 14.12 10.00 8.53 11.41 16.04 15.43 17.29 17.01 15.80 10.95

1990 13.93 9.94 8.65 11.39 15.72 15.22 16.99 16.94 15.45 11.08

Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2020 annual averages [In constant 2020 

dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 83

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

1991 13.94 9.78 8.72 11.15 15.76 14.94 17.04 16.93 15.22 11.04

1992 14.01 9.75 8.58 10.94 15.84 14.83 17.02 17.28 15.39 11.14

1993 13.93 9.75 8.50 10.88 15.84 14.64 17.01 17.45 15.75 11.31

1994 13.88 9.74 8.51 10.78 15.81 14.52 17.19 17.37 15.63 11.07

1995 13.82 9.81 8.53 10.86 15.84 14.74 16.95 17.14 15.57 11.25

1996 13.84 9.79 8.52 11.02 15.85 14.53 16.71 16.87 15.47 11.15

1997 14.11 9.92 8.89 11.15 15.92 14.58 16.71 17.10 15.69 11.11

1998 14.49 10.48 9.36 11.53 16.13 15.37 17.29 17.45 16.05 11.78

1999 14.84 10.70 9.47 12.06 16.31 15.55 17.17 17.65 16.17 11.99

2000 14.95 10.92 9.67 12.17 16.41 15.35 17.12 17.83 16.32 12.14

2001 14.94 11.28 9.91 12.29 16.72 15.65 17.55 17.84 16.67 12.51

2002 15.11 11.27 9.97 12.22 17.07 15.84 17.58 17.98 17.10 13.09

2003 15.30 11.14 9.77 12.21 17.00 15.87 17.57 18.29 17.19 12.96

2004 15.11 10.96 9.62 12.06 16.80 15.62 17.71 18.17 17.28 13.21

2005 14.86 10.72 9.36 11.83 16.57 15.62 17.41 17.90 17.20 13.19

2006 15.14 10.60 9.31 11.79 16.65 15.38 17.36 18.06 17.16 13.06

2007 14.96 10.83 9.47 12.09 16.47 15.08 17.43 18.01 17.16 12.98

2008 14.73 10.69 9.45 11.76 16.64 15.06 17.33 17.92 17.11 13.12

2009 15.04 10.76 9.58 11.81 16.82 15.24 17.64 17.96 17.78 13.89

2010 14.86 10.58 9.51 11.33 16.62 14.90 17.37 17.81 17.71 13.73

2011 14.66 10.35 9.30 11.08 16.29 14.66 17.10 17.30 17.38 14.06

2012 14.46 10.23 9.15 10.96 16.10 14.49 16.79 17.03 17.39 13.80

2013 14.40 10.20 9.12 10.95 16.15 14.34 16.68 16.89 17.39 13.89

2014 14.38 10.45 9.22 10.92 16.19 14.37 16.53 16.84 16.81 14.25

2015 14.69 10.77 9.67 11.08 16.30 14.86 16.57 17.31 17.39 14.30

2016 15.10 10.92 9.92 11.64 16.32 15.10 17.01 17.57 17.48 14.85

2017 15.45 11.28 10.34 11.99 16.53 15.66 17.00 17.66 17.76 15.12

2018 15.45 11.51 10.34 12.33 16.61 15.57 17.46 17.55 17.79 14.79

2019 15.54 12.09 10.33 12.69 17.07 16.09 17.73 17.73 18.07 15.21

2020 16.36 12.69 11.07 13.50 17.86 16.85 18.52 18.90 18.60 15.84

Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2020 annual averages [In constant 2020 

dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 84

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

Women

1979 $12.07 $10.63 $10.10 $11.73 $13.00 $13.47 $13.23 $12.80 $12.50 $10.40

1980 11.86 10.36 9.43 11.38 12.73 13.33 12.88 12.70 12.25 10.15

1981 11.73 10.16 9.64 11.21 12.85 13.40 13.07 12.58 12.14 10.16

1982 11.91 9.77 9.17 10.83 12.97 13.41 13.13 12.79 12.40 10.16

1983 11.91 9.48 8.81 10.57 12.98 13.50 13.18 12.88 12.58 10.32

1984 11.83 9.36 8.55 10.38 13.05 13.33 13.36 13.12 12.55 10.40

1985 11.79 9.22 8.30 10.48 13.17 13.31 13.59 13.24 12.55 10.18

1986 12.06 9.30 8.26 10.66 13.46 13.46 13.87 13.55 13.01 10.70

1987 12.23 9.21 8.10 10.68 13.45 13.41 13.86 13.71 13.17 10.59

1988 12.32 9.45 8.25 10.65 13.59 13.42 14.26 13.90 12.83 10.80

1989 12.34 9.47 8.28 10.57 13.70 13.49 14.34 13.94 12.89 10.38

1990 12.41 9.54 8.38 10.73 13.62 13.51 14.20 13.80 12.97 10.50

1991 12.55 9.44 8.62 10.61 13.64 13.36 14.37 14.14 12.92 10.71

1992 12.63 9.36 8.51 10.47 13.88 13.52 14.50 14.41 13.07 10.83

1993 12.60 9.33 8.37 10.55 13.93 13.47 14.44 14.48 13.38 10.94

1994 12.56 9.22 8.37 10.36 13.95 13.48 14.63 14.66 13.55 10.81

1995 12.62 9.29 8.36 10.30 13.82 13.40 14.60 14.75 13.42 10.91

1996 12.73 9.36 8.39 10.31 13.89 13.28 14.65 14.73 13.29 10.63

1997 12.81 9.60 8.74 10.56 14.11 13.23 14.74 14.94 13.40 11.02

1998 13.11 9.94 9.20 11.04 14.54 14.01 15.38 15.57 14.09 11.48

1999 13.46 10.28 9.31 11.25 14.84 14.17 15.31 15.50 14.53 11.68

2000 13.67 10.56 9.40 11.76 14.92 14.62 15.13 15.35 14.84 11.87

2001 14.13 10.63 9.69 11.73 14.96 14.57 15.31 15.91 15.23 11.94

2002 14.27 10.75 9.81 11.70 15.45 14.60 15.84 16.13 15.60 12.60

2003 14.22 10.71 9.66 11.55 15.53 14.82 15.75 16.63 15.59 12.47

2004 13.97 10.59 9.42 11.43 15.43 14.59 15.73 16.41 15.89 12.58

2005 13.69 10.36 9.19 11.29 15.38 14.42 15.72 16.11 15.75 13.04

2006 13.71 10.28 9.15 11.35 15.28 14.25 15.51 15.78 15.60 12.83

2007 13.74 10.20 9.27 11.26 15.08 14.03 15.47 16.08 15.31 12.70

Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2020 annual averages [In constant 2020 

dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 85

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

2008 13.84 10.16 9.29 11.04 15.04 14.12 15.53 15.86 15.66 12.69

2009 14.22 10.37 9.46 11.11 15.43 14.46 15.72 15.83 16.43 13.43

2010 14.07 10.25 9.41 10.80 15.32 14.32 15.60 16.05 16.27 13.29

2011 13.82 10.07 9.18 10.57 15.11 13.98 15.50 15.87 16.18 13.56

2012 13.55 9.92 9.06 10.36 14.88 13.73 15.21 15.59 16.23 13.38

2013 13.50 9.94 9.01 10.47 14.88 13.62 15.33 15.52 16.18 13.61

2014 13.33 10.00 9.07 10.69 14.77 13.40 15.32 15.47 15.53 13.64

2015 13.73 10.43 9.56 10.87 15.21 14.09 15.44 16.17 16.14 13.84

2016 14.03 10.79 9.78 11.06 15.35 14.11 15.91 16.15 16.29 14.05

2017 14.32 10.86 10.13 11.62 15.66 14.78 15.76 16.01 16.06 14.66

2018 14.49 11.27 10.22 12.04 15.51 15.09 15.69 15.67 16.10 14.20

2019 15.03 11.73 10.21 12.22 15.77 15.28 16.09 16.16 16.38 14.96

2020 15.22 12.12 10.81 12.98 16.50 15.93 16.95 17.07 17.04 15.03

Men

1979 $18.83 $13.00 $10.63 $15.47 $22.30 $21.27 $23.73 $23.67 $21.97 $11.87

1980 18.32 12.31 10.12 14.77 21.68 20.81 23.45 23.36 21.74 11.38

1981 18.00 11.81 9.97 14.00 21.32 20.08 22.74 23.26 21.59 11.53

1982 17.70 11.32 9.46 13.23 20.88 19.82 22.97 22.95 21.03 11.52

1983 17.17 10.87 9.11 12.53 20.62 19.21 22.88 22.73 21.69 11.79

1984 16.95 10.88 8.86 12.29 20.48 18.76 22.64 23.07 21.10 11.69

1985 16.85 10.76 8.62 12.02 20.34 18.39 22.53 22.92 20.78 11.47

1986 17.17 10.84 8.64 12.29 20.41 18.17 22.60 22.96 21.58 11.72

1987 16.97 10.72 8.62 12.40 20.00 18.03 22.05 22.36 21.22 11.62

1988 16.69 10.61 8.73 12.22 19.79 17.74 21.56 22.55 20.55 11.65

1989 16.36 10.44 8.87 12.16 19.62 17.29 21.39 21.98 20.20 11.92

1990 15.93 10.48 8.94 11.91 18.96 17.01 20.67 21.45 19.60 11.71

1991 15.97 10.37 8.81 11.58 18.55 16.62 20.41 21.77 18.74 11.56

1992 15.74 10.25 8.71 11.32 18.26 16.37 19.84 21.81 18.86 11.71

1993 15.68 10.18 8.62 11.20 18.02 16.11 19.75 21.50 19.40 11.88

1994 15.60 10.19 8.63 11.37 17.83 15.77 19.93 20.97 19.17 11.51

Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2020 annual averages [In constant 2020 

dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 86

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

1995 15.62 10.22 8.70 11.54 18.16 16.01 20.12 20.85 18.80 11.59

1996 15.68 10.16 8.65 11.52 17.76 15.98 19.62 20.43 18.37 11.60

1997 15.85 10.40 9.05 11.58 17.90 16.00 19.47 20.65 19.02 11.23

1998 16.02 11.00 9.52 12.39 18.66 16.27 19.87 20.76 19.46 12.32

1999 16.06 11.09 9.63 12.51 18.69 16.88 19.91 21.31 19.02 12.24

2000 16.30 11.51 10.02 12.65 18.46 16.55 19.82 20.97 19.32 12.53

2001 16.60 11.74 10.12 13.08 18.89 16.98 20.41 20.89 18.99 13.20

2002 16.80 11.62 10.13 12.81 18.83 17.16 20.14 20.78 19.31 14.11

2003 16.77 11.48 9.90 12.69 18.69 16.94 19.93 21.06 19.87 13.81

2004 16.51 11.28 9.82 12.46 18.87 16.52 20.05 20.76 19.97 13.60

2005 16.15 11.18 9.58 12.22 18.47 16.16 19.76 20.09 19.64 13.33

2006 16.32 11.31 9.56 12.55 18.37 16.25 19.38 20.64 19.36 13.80

2007 16.21 11.43 9.72 12.47 18.46 16.06 18.99 20.21 19.34 13.78

2008 16.22 11.13 9.61 12.05 18.11 16.23 19.30 20.27 19.16 13.86

2009 16.64 11.15 9.73 12.08 18.22 15.96 19.47 20.54 19.46 14.51

2010 16.36 10.95 9.62 11.77 17.88 15.58 18.82 20.08 19.56 14.17

2011 15.92 10.65 9.41 11.42 17.43 15.20 18.49 19.47 19.69 14.82

2012 15.68 10.67 9.25 11.27 17.14 15.01 18.14 19.20 19.53 14.72

2013 15.59 10.77 9.32 11.14 17.00 14.94 18.05 19.12 19.24 14.34

2014 15.74 10.82 9.44 11.11 17.24 15.40 18.11 19.05 19.10 15.30

2015 16.03 10.96 9.80 11.63 17.33 15.49 18.01 19.18 19.66 15.46

2016 16.14 11.05 10.23 12.03 17.53 16.00 18.55 19.45 19.47 15.94

2017 16.05 11.61 10.43 12.54 17.95 16.00 18.89 19.79 19.64 15.77

2018 16.51 12.10 10.46 12.56 18.31 16.36 19.01 19.58 20.16 15.36

2019 16.96 12.35 10.69 13.28 18.27 16.83 19.39 19.47 20.04 16.00

2020 17.75 13.08 11.60 14.08 19.18 17.56 20.10 21.05 20.15 16.75

Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2020 annual averages [In constant 2020 

dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 87

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes 

section.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total

1979 $14.80 $15.03 $13.70 - $13.60

1980 14.47 14.65 13.33 - 13.33

1981 14.11 14.19 13.42 - 13.18

1982 13.95 14.13 13.07 - 12.95

1983 13.87 14.04 12.78 - 12.63

1984 13.88 14.05 12.76 - 12.55

1985 13.86 14.02 12.64 - 12.57

1986 14.03 14.21 13.12 - 12.78

1987 14.13 14.32 13.08 - 12.71

1988 14.20 14.37 12.97 - 12.55

1989 14.12 14.30 12.99 - 12.26

1990 13.93 14.12 13.12 - 12.10

1991 13.94 14.14 13.01 - 12.01

1992 14.01 14.19 12.81 - 12.07

1993 13.93 14.11 12.71 - 12.09

1994 13.88 14.06 12.63 - 12.01

1995 13.82 14.08 12.96 - 11.84

1996 13.84 14.12 12.78 - 11.81

1997 14.11 14.32 12.92 - 11.92

1998 14.49 14.68 13.36 - 12.61

1999 14.84 15.17 13.79 - 12.57

2000 14.95 15.02 14.09 $15.19 12.88

Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2020 

annual averages [In constant 2020 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 88

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

2001 14.94 15.04 14.34 15.76 13.28

2002 15.11 15.45 14.33 14.95 13.30

2003 15.30 15.47 14.32 15.68 13.77

2004 15.11 15.29 14.00 15.25 13.48

2005 14.86 15.25 13.51 15.95 13.21

2006 15.14 15.26 13.72 16.13 13.02

2007 14.96 15.12 13.63 15.29 12.82

2008 14.73 15.11 13.49 15.67 13.22

2009 15.04 15.31 14.07 15.91 13.35

2010 14.86 15.15 14.00 15.72 12.94

2011 14.66 14.89 13.60 15.40 12.75

2012 14.46 14.73 13.38 14.95 12.56

2013 14.40 14.64 13.25 15.17 12.53

2014 14.38 14.85 13.00 15.32 12.94

2015 14.69 15.16 13.18 15.51 13.16

2016 15.10 15.36 13.47 15.95 13.69

2017 15.45 15.72 13.62 15.90 13.90

2018 15.45 15.63 14.06 15.71 14.42

2019 15.54 16.04 14.84 16.33 15.04

2020 16.36 16.78 15.17 17.25 15.20

Women

1979 $12.07 $12.07 $11.83 - $11.47

1980 11.86 11.89 11.65 - 11.35

1981 11.73 11.73 11.48 - 11.23

1982 11.91 11.91 11.60 - 11.19

1983 11.91 11.94 11.71 - 10.97

1984 11.83 11.86 11.60 - 11.07

1985 11.79 11.82 11.59 - 11.08

1986 12.06 12.10 11.70 - 11.31

Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2020 

annual averages [In constant 2020 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 89

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1987 12.23 12.27 11.79 - 11.16

1988 12.32 12.36 11.84 - 11.14

1989 12.34 12.38 11.88 - 11.17

1990 12.41 12.45 12.00 - 11.18

1991 12.55 12.57 12.17 - 11.12

1992 12.63 12.69 12.05 - 11.20

1993 12.60 12.67 12.16 - 11.17

1994 12.56 12.72 12.01 - 11.09

1995 12.62 12.76 12.05 - 11.17

1996 12.73 12.83 11.86 - 11.15

1997 12.81 12.90 12.24 - 11.00

1998 13.11 13.26 12.58 - 11.50

1999 13.46 13.60 12.66 - 11.62

2000 13.67 13.71 13.36 $14.74 11.90

2001 14.13 14.27 13.42 14.77 12.14

2002 14.27 14.34 13.64 14.57 12.32

2003 14.22 14.26 13.98 15.06 12.52

2004 13.97 14.02 13.64 14.52 12.42

2005 13.69 13.94 13.19 15.46 12.19

2006 13.71 13.86 13.01 15.38 12.23

2007 13.74 13.84 13.08 14.81 12.27

2008 13.84 14.10 12.99 14.76 12.13

2009 14.22 14.30 13.31 15.32 12.20

2010 14.07 14.13 13.32 14.76 12.02

2011 13.82 13.90 13.01 14.76 11.82

2012 13.55 13.65 12.69 14.41 11.54

2013 13.50 13.60 12.85 14.52 11.68

2014 13.33 13.54 12.66 14.47 11.73

2015 13.73 14.01 12.79 15.08 12.11

Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2020 

annual averages [In constant 2020 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 90

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

2016 14.03 14.24 13.04 15.18 12.72

2017 14.32 14.65 13.25 15.03 12.77

2018 14.49 14.71 13.42 15.41 13.20

2019 15.03 15.11 14.17 15.48 13.91

2020 15.22 15.31 14.95 16.56 14.68

Men

1979 $18.83 $19.30 $16.30 - $15.97

1980 18.32 18.71 15.56 - 15.11

1981 18.00 18.38 15.92 - 14.71

1982 17.70 18.04 15.43 - 14.81

1983 17.17 17.54 14.79 - 14.42

1984 16.95 17.29 14.67 - 14.38

1985 16.85 17.43 14.14 - 13.95

1986 17.17 17.60 14.86 - 14.00

1987 16.97 17.31 14.72 - 13.91

1988 16.69 17.00 14.64 - 13.73

1989 16.36 16.73 14.28 - 13.45

1990 15.93 16.47 14.20 - 12.99

1991 15.97 16.39 14.07 - 12.79

1992 15.74 16.13 13.83 - 12.69

1993 15.68 16.05 13.58 - 12.60

1994 15.60 15.96 13.73 - 12.43

1995 15.62 16.28 13.81 - 12.28

1996 15.68 16.13 13.48 - 12.55

1997 15.85 16.06 13.98 - 12.74

1998 16.02 16.21 14.47 - 13.12

1999 16.06 16.53 15.22 - 13.41

2000 16.30 16.52 15.05 $16.27 13.63

2001 16.60 17.02 14.93 17.36 14.18

Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2020 

annual averages [In constant 2020 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 91

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

2002 16.80 17.11 14.78 15.90 14.31

2003 16.77 16.97 15.25 16.77 14.15

2004 16.51 16.70 14.95 16.35 13.76

2005 16.15 16.56 14.48 16.93 13.53

2006 16.32 16.58 14.70 16.96 13.95

2007 16.21 16.55 14.48 16.55 13.85

2008 16.22 16.69 14.45 16.90 14.25

2009 16.64 16.87 14.84 16.94 14.41

2010 16.36 16.61 14.46 16.78 13.95

2011 15.92 16.17 13.91 16.44 13.62

2012 15.68 16.01 13.79 15.99 13.51

2013 15.59 15.86 13.54 15.86 13.35

2014 15.74 16.26 13.36 16.04 13.54

2015 16.03 16.32 13.84 16.25 14.12

2016 16.14 16.32 14.09 16.22 14.92

2017 16.05 16.67 14.09 17.58 15.17

2018 16.51 17.04 14.66 17.21 15.47

2019 16.96 17.31 15.16 17.43 15.44

2020 17.75 17.98 15.88 18.04 16.24

Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2020 

annual averages [In constant 2020 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 92

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one 

race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians 

constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research 

series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and older

Total

1979 $241 $172 $144 $186 $265 $255 $280 $276 $262 $198

1980 262 187 154 200 286 276 302 298 285 203

1981 284 200 161 213 308 296 326 320 309 222

1982 302 208 164 220 327 311 354 345 325 253

1983 313 211 164 223 343 321 370 367 346 261

1984 326 217 169 231 362 335 389 385 366 272

1985 344 224 174 240 379 349 406 400 381 297

1986 359 232 178 248 391 360 419 416 397 298

1987 374 243 186 259 403 373 435 429 405 310

1988 385 249 196 266 414 383 450 453 419 323

1989 399 259 204 276 427 394 472 472 431 334

1990 412 269 209 285 449 407 486 489 457 343

1991 426 277 213 291 467 415 498 507 469 381

1992 440 276 212 290 479 422 503 522 483 378

1993 459 282 214 297 491 436 517 542 492 393

1994 467 286 221 300 500 439 537 566 501 384

1995 479 292 231 306 510 451 550 582 514 389

1996 490 298 240 312 520 463 559 594 535 384

1997 503 306 252 321 540 481 579 607 558 393

1998 523 319 268 339 572 502 597 620 592 405

1999 549 341 281 363 592 518 611 652 604 404

2000 576 361 297 383 609 549 625 669 620 463

Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 1979-2020 annual averages [In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 93

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and older

2001 596 375 305 394 630 576 657 693 638 488

2002 608 381 305 399 646 591 668 706 674 502

2003 620 387 311 402 662 594 687 723 708 516

2004 638 390 309 406 683 604 713 743 725 560

2005 651 397 318 411 696 610 731 748 742 569

2006 671 409 324 423 718 621 748 773 765 583

2007 695 424 337 450 738 643 769 790 803 605

2008 722 443 349 467 761 666 804 822 825 644

2009 739 442 344 464 774 678 817 838 841 684

2010 747 432 347 454 782 682 824 844 860 684

2011 756 440 352 457 797 693 837 866 881 742

2012 768 444 356 464 815 707 858 878 897 757

2013 776 454 373 472 827 708 874 883 904 801

2014 791 477 378 491 839 726 881 899 911 824

2015 809 487 389 501 860 735 900 923 927 873

2016 832 501 405 513 885 751 934 955 952 866

2017 860 519 424 540 907 773 964 977 974 909

2018 886 548 449 576 932 808 986 1,002 994 944

2019 917 581 481 598 969 846 1,035 1,033 1,017 936

2020 984 606 497 624 1,029 904 1,106 1,129 1,096 999

Women

1979 $182 $154 $132 $161 $195 $199 $196 $192 $189 $170

1980 201 167 145 175 213 218 214 209 205 175

1981 219 180 154 191 233 239 238 225 222 189

1982 239 192 158 201 255 258 258 252 245 211

1983 252 198 158 207 268 272 272 264 257 212

1984 265 203 162 213 283 285 292 279 270 219

1985 277 211 166 221 296 296 307 292 285 242

1986 291 219 170 231 308 306 319 308 296 256

1987 303 227 172 242 321 316 337 324 308 261

Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 1979-2020 annual averages [In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 94

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and older

1988 315 235 184 251 335 327 354 339 317 280

1989 328 246 197 260 351 340 370 357 333 292

1990 346 254 198 269 369 356 390 377 348 300

1991 366 266 205 280 387 371 407 398 363 319

1992 380 267 205 280 400 382 418 417 376 328

1993 393 273 205 289 415 395 435 440 395 335

1994 399 276 211 290 421 397 448 450 398 336

1995 406 275 215 291 428 403 453 464 403 353

1996 418 284 223 298 444 415 463 481 420 334

1997 431 292 240 306 462 427 482 495 433 348

1998 456 305 249 319 485 451 498 516 476 350

1999 473 324 266 343 497 470 503 534 492 370

2000 493 344 283 366 516 493 521 564 508 392

2001 512 353 288 375 543 512 547 587 536 390

2002 529 367 295 385 568 530 571 602 574 430

2003 552 371 299 387 584 546 590 609 601 435

2004 573 375 293 391 599 561 608 625 615 478

2005 585 381 304 396 612 573 621 644 639 492

2006 600 395 305 413 627 583 645 659 658 510

2007 614 409 318 426 646 597 668 677 679 534

2008 638 420 322 445 670 623 682 707 711 563

2009 657 424 323 445 687 634 709 712 727 602

2010 669 422 336 439 704 648 731 730 736 601

2011 684 421 328 438 718 662 734 744 749 664

2012 691 416 330 429 727 666 747 746 766 667

2013 706 423 350 442 740 665 767 761 779 691

2014 719 451 357 468 752 679 781 780 780 740

2015 726 450 364 468 761 690 804 799 784 740

2016 749 486 388 500 784 705 839 836 812 749

2017 770 499 402 514 810 724 860 855 856 782

Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 1979-2020 annual averages [In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 95

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and older

2018 789 522 421 546 830 750 876 876 853 811

2019 821 540 427 563 865 788 920 904 880 815

2020 891 589 464 606 929 852 978 977 955 897

Men

1979 $292 $196 $155 $211 $314 $295 $336 $338 $312 $219

1980 313 208 162 224 339 314 367 367 345 229

1981 340 218 168 237 372 340 397 396 377 266

1982 364 225 170 244 393 358 422 419 399 300

1983 379 223 168 242 407 371 442 444 416 308

1984 392 231 174 250 422 382 471 470 439 328

1985 407 241 183 258 443 394 487 489 467 367

1986 419 246 186 264 463 402 499 506 484 358

1987 434 257 196 275 477 412 510 520 495 380

1988 449 262 205 279 487 421 517 549 509 395

1989 468 271 209 290 500 434 542 569 521 393

1990 481 282 218 298 512 449 560 591 546 403

1991 493 285 219 300 523 458 576 612 563 467

1992 501 284 218 297 536 466 581 634 579 421

1993 510 288 221 303 555 476 596 653 586 451

1994 522 294 228 307 576 479 617 671 603 441

1995 538 303 244 315 588 490 624 685 623 441

1996 557 307 251 321 599 499 632 698 643 477

1997 579 317 262 338 615 515 651 713 669 452

1998 598 334 281 357 639 544 677 732 699 482

1999 618 356 291 379 668 577 702 763 725 470

2000 641 375 306 395 693 598 728 771 735 522

2001 670 391 319 408 720 617 754 799 760 565

2002 679 391 312 410 732 627 759 807 802 583

2003 695 398 321 412 744 628 775 834 827 612

2004 713 400 318 417 762 639 804 857 843 641

Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 1979-2020 annual averages [In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 96

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and older

2005 722 409 330 422 771 644 822 853 855 644

2006 743 418 348 435 797 661 836 897 902 658

2007 766 443 357 472 823 687 873 909 933 686

2008 798 461 369 481 857 704 915 944 943 753

2009 819 458 356 479 873 715 916 967 965 791

2010 824 443 355 468 874 714 915 954 979 794

2011 832 455 370 470 886 717 935 979 997 821

2012 854 468 373 482 910 738 957 994 1,005 860

2013 860 479 390 492 912 744 956 994 1,011 937

2014 871 493 392 507 922 755 964 1,011 1,021 942

2015 895 510 407 522 947 770 983 1,040 1,064 1,003

2016 915 512 419 523 969 794 1,007 1,075 1,102 992

2017 941 547 459 570 996 821 1,062 1,103 1,098 1,016

2018 973 575 471 592 1,026 862 1,101 1,137 1,137 1,050

2019 1,007 607 506 623 1,070 897 1,149 1,169 1,166 1,066

2020 1,082 622 513 648 1,144 952 1,205 1,260 1,228 1,115

Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 1979-2020 annual averages [In current dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino ethnicity

Total

1979 $241 $248 $199 - $194

1980 262 269 212 - 209

1981 284 291 235 - 223

Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979-2020 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 97

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino ethnicity

1982 302 310 245 - 240

1983 313 320 261 - 250

1984 326 336 269 - 259

1985 344 356 277 - 270

1986 359 371 291 - 277

1987 374 384 301 - 285

1988 385 395 314 - 290

1989 399 409 319 - 298

1990 412 424 329 - 304

1991 426 442 348 - 312

1992 440 458 357 - 321

1993 459 475 369 - 331

1994 467 484 371 - 324

1995 479 494 383 - 329

1996 490 506 387 - 339

1997 503 519 400 - 351

1998 523 545 426 - 370

1999 549 573 445 - 385

2000 576 590 474 $615 399

2001 596 610 491 639 417

2002 608 623 498 658 424

2003 620 636 514 693 440

2004 638 657 525 708 456

2005 651 672 520 753 471

2006 671 690 554 784 486

2007 695 716 569 830 503

2008 722 742 589 861 529

2009 739 757 601 880 541

2010 747 765 611 855 535

2011 756 775 615 866 549

Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979-2020 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 98

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino ethnicity

2012 768 792 621 920 568

2013 776 802 629 942 578

2014 791 816 639 953 594

2015 809 835 641 993 604

2016 832 862 678 1,021 624

2017 860 890 682 1,043 655

2018 886 916 694 1,095 680

2019 917 945 735 1,174 706

2020 984 1,003 794 1,310 758

Women

1979 $182 $184 $169 - $157

1980 201 203 185 - 172

1981 219 221 206 - 190

1982 239 242 217 - 203

1983 252 254 232 - 215

1984 265 268 241 - 223

1985 277 281 252 - 230

1986 291 294 264 - 241

1987 303 307 276 - 251

1988 315 318 288 - 260

1989 328 334 301 - 269

1990 346 353 308 - 278

1991 366 373 323 - 292

1992 380 387 335 - 302

1993 393 401 348 - 313

1994 399 408 346 - 305

1995 406 415 355 - 305

1996 418 428 362 - 316

1997 431 444 375 - 318

1998 456 468 400 - 337

Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979-2020 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 99

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino ethnicity

1999 473 483 409 - 348

2000 493 502 429 $547 366

2001 512 522 454 563 388

2002 529 547 473 566 397

2003 552 567 491 598 410

2004 573 584 505 613 419

2005 585 596 499 665 429

2006 600 609 519 699 440

2007 614 626 533 731 473

2008 638 654 554 753 501

2009 657 669 582 779 509

2010 669 684 592 773 508

2011 684 703 595 751 518

2012 691 710 599 770 521

2013 706 722 606 819 541

2014 719 734 611 841 548

2015 726 743 615 877 566

2016 749 766 641 902 586

2017 770 795 657 903 603

2018 789 817 654 937 617

2019 821 840 704 1,025 642

2020 891 905 764 1,143 705

Men

1979 $292 $298 $227 - $219

1980 313 320 244 - 234

1981 340 350 268 - 251

1982 364 375 278 - 269

1983 379 387 294 - 274

1984 392 401 303 - 287

1985 407 418 305 - 296

Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979-2020 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 100

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino ethnicity

1986 419 433 319 - 299

1987 434 450 327 - 306

1988 449 465 348 - 308

1989 468 482 348 - 315

1990 481 494 361 - 318

1991 493 506 375 - 323

1992 501 514 380 - 339

1993 510 524 392 - 346

1994 522 547 400 - 343

1995 538 566 411 - 350

1996 557 580 412 - 356

1997 579 595 432 - 371

1998 598 615 468 - 390

1999 618 638 488 - 406

2000 641 662 510 $685 417

2001 670 689 529 732 440

2002 679 702 524 756 451

2003 695 715 555 772 464

2004 713 732 569 802 480

2005 722 743 559 825 489

2006 743 761 591 882 505

2007 766 788 600 936 520

2008 798 825 620 966 559

2009 819 845 621 952 569

2010 824 850 633 936 560

2011 832 856 653 970 571

2012 854 879 665 1,055 592

2013 860 884 664 1,059 594

2014 871 897 680 1,080 616

2015 895 920 680 1,129 631

Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979-2020 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 101

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one 

race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians 

constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino ethnicity

2016 915 942 718 1,151 663

2017 941 971 710 1,207 690

2018 973 1,002 735 1,241 720

2019 1,007 1,036 769 1,336 747

2020 1,082 1,110 830 1,447 797

Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979-2020 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher

Total

1979 $265 $210 $249 $282 $344

1980 286 222 266 304 376

1981 308 240 286 324 407

1982 327 248 302 351 438

1983 343 256 311 363 461

1984 362 263 323 382 486

1985 379 270 333 399 506

1986 391 278 344 409 525

1987 403 284 356 421 564

1988 414 288 368 430 585

1989 427 297 375 452 609

1990 449 303 386 476 638

1991 467 307 397 489 666

Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by educational attainment, 1979-2020 annual averages 

[In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 102

Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher

1992 479 311 403 484 696

1993 491 314 415 494 715

1994 500 307 421 499 733

1995 510 309 432 508 747

1996 520 317 443 518 758

1997 540 321 461 535 779

1998 572 337 479 558 821

1999 592 346 490 580 860

2000 609 362 505 596 891

2001 630 382 520 617 921

2002 646 388 535 629 941

2003 662 396 554 639 964

2004 683 401 574 661 986

2005 696 409 583 670 1,013

2006 718 419 595 692 1,039

2007 738 428 604 704 1,072

2008 761 453 618 722 1,115

2009 774 454 626 726 1,137

2010 782 444 626 734 1,144

2011 797 451 638 739 1,150

2012 815 471 652 749 1,165

2013 827 472 651 748 1,194

2014 839 488 668 761 1,193

2015 860 493 678 762 1,230

2016 885 504 692 779 1,259

2017 907 520 712 798 1,279

2018 932 553 730 826 1,324

2019 969 592 746 856 1,367

2020 1,029 619 781 903 1,421

Women

1979 $195 $152 $185 $211 $264

Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by educational attainment, 1979-2020 annual averages 

[In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 103

Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher

1980 213 164 201 231 290

1981 233 175 217 255 318

1982 255 184 236 274 346

1983 268 195 246 288 369

1984 283 200 259 305 390

1985 296 202 268 317 414

1986 308 208 277 330 436

1987 321 214 288 347 466

1988 335 221 298 360 485

1989 351 231 304 379 507

1990 369 240 315 395 535

1991 387 250 328 409 562

1992 400 256 337 407 594

1993 415 263 347 422 611

1994 421 257 351 423 634

1995 428 262 356 427 644

1996 444 268 365 442 657

1997 462 275 378 459 672

1998 485 283 396 476 707

1999 497 290 405 488 740

2000 516 304 420 505 756

2001 543 316 443 520 786

2002 568 325 458 543 809

2003 584 329 474 560 832

2004 599 334 488 577 860

2005 612 341 493 587 883

2006 627 358 500 602 905

2007 646 369 512 609 932

2008 670 378 520 628 955

2009 687 382 542 630 970

2010 704 388 543 638 986

Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by educational attainment, 1979-2020 annual averages 

[In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 104

Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher

2011 718 395 554 645 998

2012 727 386 561 659 1,001

2013 740 400 573 657 1,043

2014 752 409 578 661 1,049

2015 761 418 586 664 1,064

2016 784 423 599 688 1,101

2017 810 447 610 700 1,131

2018 830 469 616 717 1,145

2019 865 494 633 737 1,195

2020 929 525 671 779 1,239

Men

1979 $314 $252 $308 $329 $396

1980 339 267 327 358 427

1981 372 286 356 389 475

1982 393 293 374 411 503

1983 407 301 388 422 518

1984 422 308 399 446 562

1985 443 314 407 472 590

1986 463 321 416 485 618

1987 477 324 423 497 653

1988 487 332 437 503 679

1989 500 346 450 517 705

1990 512 349 459 542 741

1991 523 349 470 563 764

1992 536 351 479 555 791

1993 555 356 487 572 806

1994 576 342 496 587 826

1995 588 347 507 596 845

1996 599 357 516 604 874

1997 615 365 535 621 896

1998 639 383 559 643 939

Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by educational attainment, 1979-2020 annual averages 

[In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 105

Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher

1999 668 395 580 665 977

2000 693 406 591 691 1,020

2001 720 419 609 723 1,067

2002 732 421 617 731 1,090

2003 744 429 628 740 1,131

2004 762 446 645 761 1,143

2005 771 455 652 766 1,167

2006 797 469 678 796 1,205

2007 823 481 689 810 1,243

2008 857 497 709 830 1,285

2009 873 500 716 835 1,327

2010 874 486 710 845 1,330

2011 886 488 720 840 1,332

2012 910 508 735 857 1,371

2013 912 500 732 858 1,395

2014 922 517 751 872 1,385

2015 947 520 759 883 1,420

2016 969 551 769 896 1,464

2017 996 584 797 917 1,481

2018 1,026 607 819 951 1,524

2019 1,070 644 844 991 1,573

2020 1,144 674 881 1,027 1,644

Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by educational attainment, 1979-2020 annual averages 

[In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 106

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

Total

1979 $4.44 $3.49 $3.10 $4.02 $5.11 $5.20 $5.29 $5.16 $4.97 $3.23

1980 4.82 3.71 3.22 4.29 5.55 5.66 5.76 5.65 5.39 3.56

1981 5.15 3.97 3.58 4.61 5.99 6.09 6.20 6.01 5.81 3.92

1982 5.40 4.05 3.60 4.66 6.28 6.35 6.61 6.42 6.11 4.12

1983 5.59 4.08 3.61 4.69 6.55 6.50 6.91 6.73 6.41 4.40

1984 5.83 4.18 3.65 4.82 6.84 6.77 7.17 7.08 6.62 4.63

1985 6.03 4.26 3.67 4.94 7.05 6.92 7.49 7.37 6.91 4.74

1986 6.20 4.41 3.71 5.06 7.23 7.01 7.79 7.73 7.17 4.97

1987 6.47 4.59 3.81 5.21 7.46 7.19 7.94 7.86 7.42 5.08

1988 6.73 4.79 4.03 5.38 7.74 7.43 8.17 8.16 7.48 5.23

1989 6.99 4.95 4.22 5.65 7.94 7.64 8.56 8.42 7.82 5.42

1990 7.23 5.16 4.49 5.91 8.16 7.90 8.82 8.79 8.02 5.75

1991 7.50 5.26 4.69 6.00 8.48 8.04 9.17 9.11 8.19 5.94

1992 7.72 5.37 4.73 6.03 8.73 8.17 9.38 9.52 8.48 6.14

1993 7.87 5.51 4.80 6.15 8.95 8.27 9.61 9.86 8.90 6.39

1994 8.01 5.62 4.91 6.22 9.12 8.38 9.92 10.02 9.02 6.39

1995 8.17 5.80 5.04 6.42 9.36 8.71 10.02 10.13 9.20 6.65

1996 8.40 5.94 5.17 6.69 9.62 8.82 10.14 10.24 9.39 6.77

1997 8.75 6.15 5.51 6.91 9.87 9.04 10.36 10.60 9.73 6.89

1998 9.10 6.58 5.88 7.24 10.13 9.65 10.86 10.96 10.08 7.40

1999 9.53 6.87 6.08 7.74 10.47 9.98 11.02 11.33 10.38 7.70

2000 9.91 7.24 6.41 8.07 10.88 10.18 11.35 11.82 10.82 8.05

2001 10.19 7.69 6.76 8.38 11.40 10.67 11.97 12.17 11.37 8.53

2002 10.47 7.81 6.91 8.47 11.83 10.98 12.18 12.46 11.85 9.07

Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by age, 1979-2020 annual averages [In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 107

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

2003 10.85 7.90 6.93 8.66 12.05 11.25 12.46 12.97 12.19 9.19

2004 11.00 7.98 7.00 8.78 12.23 11.37 12.89 13.23 12.58 9.62

2005 11.19 8.07 7.05 8.91 12.48 11.76 13.11 13.48 12.95 9.93

2006 11.76 8.24 7.23 9.16 12.94 11.95 13.49 14.03 13.33 10.15

2007 11.95 8.65 7.57 9.66 13.16 12.05 13.93 14.39 13.71 10.37

2008 12.23 8.87 7.84 9.76 13.81 12.50 14.38 14.87 14.20 10.89

2009 12.44 8.90 7.92 9.77 13.91 12.60 14.59 14.85 14.70 11.49

2010 12.50 8.90 8.00 9.53 13.98 12.53 14.61 14.98 14.89 11.55

2011 12.71 8.97 8.06 9.61 14.12 12.71 14.83 15.00 15.07 12.19

2012 12.80 9.05 8.10 9.70 14.25 12.82 14.86 15.07 15.39 12.21

2013 12.93 9.16 8.19 9.83 14.50 12.88 14.98 15.17 15.62 12.47

2014 13.14 9.55 8.43 9.98 14.80 13.13 15.11 15.39 15.36 13.02

2015 13.44 9.85 8.85 10.14 14.91 13.60 15.16 15.84 15.91 13.08

2016 14.00 10.12 9.20 10.79 15.13 14.00 15.77 16.29 16.20 13.77

2017 14.63 10.68 9.79 11.35 15.65 14.83 16.10 16.72 16.82 14.32

2018 14.99 11.16 10.03 11.96 16.11 15.10 16.94 17.02 17.26 14.35

2019 15.35 11.94 10.21 12.54 16.87 15.90 17.52 17.52 17.85 15.03

2020 16.36 12.69 11.07 13.50 17.86 16.85 18.52 18.90 18.60 15.84

Women

1979 $3.62 $3.19 $3.03 $3.52 $3.90 $4.04 $3.97 $3.84 $3.75 $3.12

1980 3.95 3.45 3.14 3.79 4.24 4.44 4.29 4.23 4.08 3.38

1981 4.28 3.71 3.52 4.09 4.69 4.89 4.77 4.59 4.43 3.71

1982 4.61 3.78 3.55 4.19 5.02 5.19 5.08 4.95 4.80 3.93

1983 4.80 3.82 3.55 4.26 5.23 5.44 5.31 5.19 5.07 4.16

1984 4.97 3.93 3.59 4.36 5.48 5.60 5.61 5.51 5.27 4.37

1985 5.13 4.01 3.61 4.56 5.73 5.79 5.91 5.76 5.46 4.43

1986 5.33 4.11 3.65 4.71 5.95 5.95 6.13 5.99 5.75 4.73

1987 5.60 4.22 3.71 4.89 6.16 6.14 6.35 6.28 6.03 4.85

1988 5.84 4.48 3.91 5.05 6.44 6.36 6.76 6.59 6.08 5.12

1989 6.11 4.69 4.10 5.23 6.78 6.68 7.10 6.90 6.38 5.14

Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by age, 1979-2020 annual averages [In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 108

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

1990 6.44 4.95 4.35 5.57 7.07 7.01 7.37 7.16 6.73 5.45

1991 6.75 5.08 4.64 5.71 7.34 7.19 7.73 7.61 6.95 5.76

1992 6.96 5.16 4.69 5.77 7.65 7.45 7.99 7.94 7.20 5.97

1993 7.12 5.27 4.73 5.96 7.87 7.61 8.16 8.18 7.56 6.18

1994 7.25 5.32 4.83 5.98 8.05 7.78 8.44 8.46 7.82 6.24

1995 7.46 5.49 4.94 6.09 8.17 7.92 8.63 8.72 7.93 6.45

1996 7.73 5.68 5.09 6.26 8.43 8.06 8.89 8.94 8.07 6.45

1997 7.94 5.95 5.42 6.55 8.75 8.20 9.14 9.26 8.31 6.83

1998 8.23 6.24 5.78 6.93 9.13 8.80 9.66 9.78 8.85 7.21

1999 8.64 6.60 5.98 7.22 9.53 9.10 9.83 9.95 9.33 7.50

2000 9.06 7.00 6.23 7.80 9.89 9.69 10.03 10.18 9.84 7.87

2001 9.64 7.25 6.61 8.00 10.20 9.94 10.44 10.85 10.39 8.14

2002 9.89 7.45 6.80 8.11 10.71 10.12 10.98 11.18 10.81 8.73

2003 10.08 7.59 6.85 8.19 11.01 10.51 11.17 11.79 11.05 8.84

2004 10.17 7.71 6.86 8.32 11.23 10.62 11.45 11.95 11.57 9.16

2005 10.31 7.80 6.92 8.50 11.58 10.86 11.84 12.13 11.86 9.82

2006 10.65 7.99 7.11 8.82 11.87 11.07 12.05 12.26 12.12 9.97

2007 10.98 8.15 7.41 9.00 12.05 11.21 12.36 12.85 12.23 10.15

2008 11.49 8.43 7.71 9.16 12.48 11.72 12.89 13.16 13.00 10.53

2009 11.76 8.58 7.82 9.19 12.76 11.96 13.00 13.09 13.59 11.11

2010 11.83 8.62 7.91 9.08 12.88 12.04 13.12 13.50 13.68 11.18

2011 11.98 8.73 7.96 9.16 13.10 12.12 13.44 13.76 14.03 11.76

2012 11.99 8.78 8.02 9.17 13.17 12.15 13.46 13.80 14.36 11.84

2013 12.12 8.93 8.09 9.40 13.36 12.23 13.77 13.94 14.53 12.22

2014 12.18 9.14 8.29 9.77 13.50 12.25 14.00 14.14 14.19 12.47

2015 12.56 9.54 8.75 9.95 13.92 12.89 14.13 14.80 14.77 12.66

2016 13.01 10.00 9.07 10.25 14.23 13.08 14.75 14.97 15.10 13.02

2017 13.56 10.28 9.59 11.00 14.83 14.00 14.92 15.16 15.21 13.88

2018 14.06 10.93 9.91 11.68 15.04 14.64 15.22 15.20 15.62 13.77

Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by age, 1979-2020 annual averages [In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 109

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

2019 14.85 11.59 10.09 12.07 15.58 15.10 15.90 15.97 16.18 14.78

2020 15.22 12.12 10.81 12.98 16.50 15.93 16.95 17.07 17.04 15.03

Men

1979 $5.65 $3.90 $3.19 $4.64 $6.69 $6.38 $7.12 $7.10 $6.59 $3.56

1980 6.10 4.10 3.37 4.92 7.22 6.93 7.81 7.78 7.24 3.79

1981 6.57 4.31 3.64 5.11 7.78 7.33 8.30 8.49 7.88 4.21

1982 6.85 4.38 3.66 5.12 8.08 7.67 8.89 8.88 8.14 4.46

1983 6.92 4.38 3.67 5.05 8.31 7.74 9.22 9.16 8.74 4.75

1984 7.12 4.57 3.72 5.16 8.60 7.88 9.51 9.69 8.86 4.91

1985 7.33 4.68 3.75 5.23 8.85 8.00 9.80 9.97 9.04 4.99

1986 7.59 4.79 3.82 5.43 9.02 8.03 9.99 10.15 9.54 5.18

1987 7.77 4.91 3.95 5.68 9.16 8.26 10.10 10.24 9.72 5.32

1988 7.91 5.03 4.14 5.79 9.38 8.41 10.22 10.69 9.74 5.52

1989 8.10 5.17 4.39 6.02 9.71 8.56 10.59 10.88 10.00 5.90

1990 8.27 5.44 4.64 6.18 9.84 8.83 10.73 11.13 10.17 6.08

1991 8.59 5.58 4.74 6.23 9.98 8.94 10.98 11.71 10.08 6.22

1992 8.67 5.65 4.80 6.24 10.06 9.02 10.93 12.02 10.39 6.45

1993 8.86 5.75 4.87 6.33 10.18 9.10 11.16 12.15 10.96 6.71

1994 9.00 5.88 4.98 6.56 10.29 9.10 11.50 12.10 11.06 6.64

1995 9.23 6.04 5.14 6.82 10.73 9.46 11.89 12.32 11.11 6.85

1996 9.52 6.17 5.25 6.99 10.78 9.70 11.91 12.40 11.15 7.04

1997 9.83 6.45 5.61 7.18 11.10 9.92 12.07 12.80 11.79 6.96

1998 10.06 6.91 5.98 7.78 11.72 10.22 12.48 13.04 12.22 7.74

1999 10.31 7.12 6.18 8.03 12.00 10.84 12.78 13.68 12.21 7.86

2000 10.81 7.63 6.64 8.39 12.24 10.97 13.14 13.90 12.81 8.31

2001 11.32 8.01 6.90 8.92 12.88 11.58 13.92 14.25 12.95 9.00

2002 11.64 8.05 7.02 8.88 13.05 11.89 13.96 14.40 13.38 9.78

2003 11.89 8.14 7.02 9.00 13.25 12.01 14.13 14.93 14.09 9.79

2004 12.02 8.21 7.15 9.07 13.74 12.03 14.60 15.11 14.54 9.90

2005 12.16 8.42 7.21 9.20 13.91 12.17 14.88 15.13 14.79 10.04

Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by age, 1979-2020 annual averages [In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 110

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. 

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

2006 12.68 8.79 7.43 9.75 14.27 12.63 15.06 16.04 15.04 10.72

2007 12.95 9.13 7.77 9.96 14.75 12.83 15.17 16.15 15.45 11.01

2008 13.46 9.24 7.98 10.00 15.03 13.47 16.02 16.82 15.90 11.50

2009 13.76 9.22 8.05 9.99 15.07 13.20 16.10 16.99 16.09 12.00

2010 13.76 9.21 8.09 9.90 15.04 13.10 15.83 16.89 16.45 11.92

2011 13.80 9.23 8.16 9.90 15.11 13.18 16.03 16.88 17.07 12.85

2012 13.88 9.44 8.19 9.97 15.17 13.28 16.05 16.99 17.28 13.03

2013 14.00 9.67 8.37 10.00 15.27 13.42 16.21 17.17 17.28 12.88

2014 14.39 9.89 8.63 10.15 15.76 14.08 16.55 17.41 17.46 13.98

2015 14.67 10.03 8.97 10.64 15.86 14.17 16.48 17.55 17.99 14.15

2016 14.96 10.24 9.48 11.15 16.25 14.83 17.20 18.03 18.05 14.78

2017 15.20 10.99 9.88 11.88 17.00 15.15 17.89 18.74 18.60 14.93

2018 16.01 11.74 10.15 12.18 17.76 15.87 18.44 18.99 19.56 14.90

2019 16.76 12.20 10.56 13.12 18.05 16.63 19.16 19.24 19.80 15.81

2020 17.75 13.08 11.60 14.08 19.18 17.56 20.10 21.05 20.15 16.75

Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by age, 1979-2020 annual averages [In current dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total

1979 $4.44 $4.51 $4.11 - $4.08

1980 4.82 4.88 4.44 - 4.44

1981 5.15 5.18 4.90 - 4.81

Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979-2020 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 111

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1982 5.40 5.47 5.06 - 5.01

1983 5.59 5.66 5.15 - 5.09

1984 5.83 5.90 5.36 - 5.27

1985 6.03 6.10 5.50 - 5.47

1986 6.20 6.28 5.80 - 5.65

1987 6.47 6.56 5.99 - 5.82

1988 6.73 6.81 6.15 - 5.95

1989 6.99 7.08 6.43 - 6.07

1990 7.23 7.33 6.81 - 6.28

1991 7.50 7.61 7.00 - 6.46

1992 7.72 7.82 7.06 - 6.65

1993 7.87 7.97 7.18 - 6.83

1994 8.01 8.11 7.29 - 6.93

1995 8.17 8.32 7.66 - 7.00

1996 8.40 8.57 7.76 - 7.17

1997 8.75 8.88 8.01 - 7.39

1998 9.10 9.22 8.39 - 7.92

1999 9.53 9.74 8.85 - 8.07

2000 9.91 9.96 9.34 $10.07 8.54

2001 10.19 10.26 9.78 10.75 9.06

2002 10.47 10.71 9.93 10.36 9.22

2003 10.85 10.97 10.15 11.12 9.76

2004 11.00 11.13 10.19 11.10 9.81

2005 11.19 11.48 10.17 12.01 9.95

2006 11.76 11.86 10.66 12.53 10.12

2007 11.95 12.08 10.89 12.22 10.24

2008 12.23 12.54 11.20 13.01 10.97

2009 12.44 12.66 11.64 13.16 11.04

2010 12.50 12.74 11.77 13.22 10.88

Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979-2020 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 112

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

2011 12.71 12.91 11.79 13.35 11.05

2012 12.80 13.04 11.84 13.23 11.12

2013 12.93 13.15 11.90 13.62 11.25

2014 13.14 13.57 11.88 14.00 11.83

2015 13.44 13.87 12.06 14.19 12.04

2016 14.00 14.24 12.49 14.79 12.69

2017 14.63 14.89 12.90 15.06 13.16

2018 14.99 15.16 13.64 15.24 13.99

2019 15.35 15.85 14.66 16.13 14.86

2020 16.36 16.78 15.17 17.25 15.20

Women

1979 $3.62 $3.62 $3.55 - $3.44

1980 3.95 3.96 3.88 - 3.78

1981 4.28 4.28 4.19 - 4.10

1982 4.61 4.61 4.49 - 4.33

1983 4.80 4.81 4.72 - 4.42

1984 4.97 4.98 4.87 - 4.65

1985 5.13 5.14 5.04 - 4.82

1986 5.33 5.35 5.17 - 5.00

1987 5.60 5.62 5.40 - 5.11

1988 5.84 5.86 5.61 - 5.28

1989 6.11 6.13 5.88 - 5.53

1990 6.44 6.46 6.23 - 5.80

1991 6.75 6.76 6.55 - 5.98

1992 6.96 6.99 6.64 - 6.17

1993 7.12 7.16 6.87 - 6.31

1994 7.25 7.34 6.93 - 6.40

1995 7.46 7.54 7.12 - 6.60

1996 7.73 7.79 7.20 - 6.77

Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979-2020 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 113

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1997 7.94 8.00 7.59 - 6.82

1998 8.23 8.33 7.90 - 7.22

1999 8.64 8.73 8.13 - 7.46

2000 9.06 9.09 8.86 $9.77 7.89

2001 9.64 9.73 9.15 10.07 8.28

2002 9.89 9.94 9.45 10.10 8.54

2003 10.08 10.11 9.91 10.68 8.88

2004 10.17 10.21 9.93 10.57 9.04

2005 10.31 10.50 9.93 11.64 9.18

2006 10.65 10.77 10.11 11.95 9.50

2007 10.98 11.06 10.45 11.83 9.80

2008 11.49 11.70 10.78 12.25 10.07

2009 11.76 11.83 11.01 12.67 10.09

2010 11.83 11.88 11.20 12.41 10.11

2011 11.98 12.05 11.28 12.80 10.25

2012 11.99 12.08 11.23 12.75 10.21

2013 12.12 12.21 11.54 13.04 10.49

2014 12.18 12.38 11.57 13.23 10.72

2015 12.56 12.82 11.70 13.80 11.08

2016 13.01 13.20 12.09 14.07 11.79

2017 13.56 13.87 12.55 14.23 12.09

2018 14.06 14.27 13.02 14.95 12.80

2019 14.85 14.93 14.00 15.29 13.74

2020 15.22 15.31 14.95 16.56 14.68

Men

1979 $5.65 $5.79 $4.89 - $4.79

1980 6.10 6.23 5.18 - 5.03

1981 6.57 6.71 5.81 - 5.37

1982 6.85 6.98 5.97 - 5.73

Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979-2020 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 114

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1983 6.92 7.07 5.96 - 5.81

1984 7.12 7.26 6.16 - 6.04

1985 7.33 7.58 6.15 - 6.07

1986 7.59 7.78 6.57 - 6.19

1987 7.77 7.93 6.74 - 6.37

1988 7.91 8.06 6.94 - 6.51

1989 8.10 8.28 7.07 - 6.66

1990 8.27 8.55 7.37 - 6.74

1991 8.59 8.82 7.57 - 6.88

1992 8.67 8.89 7.62 - 6.99

1993 8.86 9.07 7.67 - 7.12

1994 9.00 9.21 7.92 - 7.17

1995 9.23 9.62 8.16 - 7.26

1996 9.52 9.79 8.18 - 7.62

1997 9.83 9.96 8.67 - 7.90

1998 10.06 10.18 9.09 - 8.24

1999 10.31 10.61 9.77 - 8.61

2000 10.81 10.95 9.98 $10.79 9.04

2001 11.32 11.61 10.18 11.84 9.67

2002 11.64 11.86 10.24 11.02 9.92

2003 11.89 12.03 10.81 11.89 10.03

2004 12.02 12.16 10.88 11.90 10.02

2005 12.16 12.47 10.90 12.75 10.19

2006 12.68 12.88 11.42 13.18 10.84

2007 12.95 13.22 11.57 13.22 11.07

2008 13.46 13.85 11.99 14.03 11.83

2009 13.76 13.95 12.27 14.01 11.92

2010 13.76 13.97 12.16 14.11 11.73

2011 13.80 14.02 12.06 14.25 11.81

Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979-2020 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 115

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one 

race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians 

constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

2012 13.88 14.17 12.20 14.15 11.96

2013 14.00 14.24 12.16 14.24 11.99

2014 14.39 14.86 12.21 14.66 12.38

2015 14.67 14.93 12.66 14.87 12.92

2016 14.96 15.13 13.06 15.04 13.83

2017 15.20 15.79 13.34 16.65 14.37

2018 16.01 16.53 14.22 16.69 15.01

2019 16.76 17.10 14.98 17.22 15.25

2020 17.75 17.98 15.88 18.04 16.24

Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979-2020 annual averages [In 

current dollars]
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

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Technical Notes

The estimates in this report were obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), which provide information on the 

labor force, employment, and unemployment. The survey is conducted monthly for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 

(BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau using a scientifically selected national sample of about 60,000 eligible households 

representing all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The survey data on earnings are based on one-fourth of the CPS 

monthly sample and are limited to wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers, both incorporated and 

unincorporated, are excluded from the data presented in this report.

The earnings comparisons in this report are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that can help explain 

earnings differences. This includes the direct comparisons of earnings levels among demographic groups and the 

women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios (that is, women’s earnings as a percentage of men’s) shown in the tables. For 

example, the overall ratio of women’s-to-men’s earnings for full-time workers presented here is not controlled for 

differences in important determinants of earnings such as age, occupation, and educational attainment. The earnings 

comparisons in this report are not restricted to workers with otherwise comparable characteristics and comparable jobs. 

Even controlling for one of the factors may not fully explain earnings differences. Comparisons of women’s and men’s 

earnings by detailed occupation, for example, are not simultaneously controlled for differences in key factors such as 

age, job skills and responsibilities, work experience, and specialization.

Material in this report is in the public domain and may be used without permission. Information in this report will be made 

available upon request to individuals with sensory impairments. Voice telephone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay 

Service: 1 (800) 877-8339.

Concepts and definitions

The principal concepts and definitions used in this report are described briefly below.

Wage and salary workers are people age 16 and older who receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payments in 

kind, or piece rates on their sole or principal job. This group includes employees in both the public and private sectors. 

All self-employed workers are excluded whether or not their businesses are incorporated.

Full-time workers are defined for the purpose of these estimates as those who usually work 35 hours or more per week 

at their sole or principal job. The federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full- or part-time employment.

Part-time workers are defined for the purpose of these estimates as those who usually work fewer than 35 hours per 

week at their sole or principal job. The federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full- or part-time 

employment.

Usual weekly earnings reflect earnings before taxes and other deductions and include any overtime pay, commissions, 

or tips usually received (at the main job in the case of multiple jobholders). Before 1994, survey respondents were asked 

how much they usually earned per week. Since January 1994, respondents have been asked to identify the easiest way 

for them to report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice monthly, monthly, annually, or other) and how much they 

usually earn in the reported time period. Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly are converted to a weekly 

equivalent. The term “usual” is determined by each respondent’s own understanding of the term. If the respondent asks 

for a definition of “usual,” interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked during the 

past 4 or 5 months.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

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Median earnings reflect the midpoint in a given earnings distribution, with half of the workers having earnings above the 

median and the other half having earnings below the median. This applies to both usual weekly and hourly earnings 

estimates.

The BLS procedure for estimating the median of a weekly earnings distribution places each reported or calculated 

weekly earnings value into a $50-wide interval that is centered around a multiple of $50. Similarly, for hourly earnings, 

medians are calculated based on earnings distributions using $0.50-wide intervals that are centered around multiples of 

$0.50. In both cases, the median is calculated through the linear interpolation of the interval in which the median lies.

Changes over time in the medians for specific groups may not necessarily be consistent with the movements estimated 

for the overall median boundary. The most common reasons for this possible anomaly are as follows:

There could be a change in the relative weights of the subgroups. For example, the median earnings of 16- to 24-yearolds, and 25 years and older may rise. However, if the lower earning 16-to-24 age group accounts for a greatly 

increased share of the total, the overall median could actually fall.

There could be a large change in the shape of the distribution of reported earnings, particularly near a median boundary. 

This change could be caused by survey observations that are clustered at rounded values, such as $700 or $800. An 

estimate lying in a $50-wide centered interval containing such a cluster tends to change more slowly than one in other 

intervals. Consider, for example, the calculation of the median for a multipeaked earnings distribution that shifts over 

time. As this distribution shifts, the median does not necessarily move at the same rate. Specifically, the median takes 

relatively more time to move through a frequently reported earnings interval, but once above the upper limit of such an 

interval, it can move relatively quickly to the next frequently reported interval. BLS procedures for estimating medians 

mitigate such irregular movements; however, users should be cautious of these effects when evaluating short-term 

changes in the medians and in ratios of the medians.

Workers paid hourly rates are employed wage and salary workers who report that they are paid by the hour on their job. 

Typically, workers who are paid an hourly wage have made up approximately 60 percent of all wage and salary workers. 

Estimates of workers paid by the hour include both full- and part-time workers unless otherwise specified.

Hourly earnings data are for wage and salary workers who are paid by the hour and pertain to earnings from a person’s 

sole or principal job. Hourly earnings for hourly paid workers do not include overtime pay, commissions, or tips received.

Workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage include only workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers 

and other nonhourly paid workers are excluded, even though some have earnings that, if converted to hourly rates, 

would be at or below the federal minimum wage.

The estimates of workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage in this report are based solely on whether the 

hourly wage they report (which does not include overtime pay, tips, or commissions) is at or below the federal minimum 

wage. Some respondents might round hourly earnings when answering survey questions. As a result, some workers 

might report having hourly earnings above or below the federal minimum wage when, in fact, they earn the minimum 

wage.

Some workers who reported earnings below the prevailing federal minimum wage may not be covered by federal or 

state minimum wage laws because of exclusions and exemptions in the statutes. Thus, the presence of workers with 

hourly earnings below the federal minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the federal Fair Labor 
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 118

Standards Act (FLSA) or state statutes in cases where such standards apply. The CPS does not include questions on 

whether workers are covered by the minimum wage provisions of the FLSA or by individual state or local minimum wage 

laws.

The estimates presented in this report likely understate the actual number of workers with hourly earnings at or below 

the minimum wage. BLS does not routinely estimate the hourly earnings of workers not paid by the hour because there 

are data quality concerns associated with constructing such an estimate.

Regular collection of earnings data in the basic CPS began in 1979. The prevailing federal minimum wage from 1979 to 

the present is as follows, with the last change occurring in 2009.

Federal minimum wage Effective date

$2.90 January 1, 1979

$3.10 January 1, 1980

$3.35 January 1, 1981

$3.80 April 1, 1990

$4.25 April 1, 1991

$4.75 October 1, 1996

$5.15 September 1, 1997

$5.85 July 24, 2007

$6.55 July 24, 2008

$7.25 July 24, 2009
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 119

When the minimum wage has increased during a given year, the annual average estimates of the number of minimum 

wage workers reflect both minimum wage levels in effect during the year. For example, data for 2007 reflect the number 

of workers who earned the federal minimum wage of $5.15 for January to July and the number of workers who earned 

the minimum wage of $5.85 for August to December.

Race is reported by the household survey respondent. In accordance with the Office of Management and Budget 

standards, White, Black or African American, and Asian are terms used to describe a person’s race. Beginning in 2003, 

people in these categories are those who selected that race group only. People who identify more than one race are 

tabulated separately in the category Two or More Races. Before 2003, people identified one group as their main race. 

For more information on the 2003 changes to questions on race, see “Revisions to the Current Population Survey 

Effective in January 2003.” Data for other race groups—American Indians and Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians and 

Other Pacific Islanders—and for people of Two or More Races are included in totals but not separately identified in this 

report because the number of survey respondents is too small to develop estimates of acceptable reliability.

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity refers to people who identified themselves in the survey process as being of Hispanic, 

Latino, or Spanish origin. People who identify themselves as Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race and are 

included in estimates for the race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) in addition to being shown 

separately.

Married, spouse present refers to people in either opposite-sex or same-sex marriages living together in the same 

household, even though one spouse may be temporarily absent on business, on vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, or for 

other reasons.

Other marital status refers to people who never married; and those who are widowed; divorced; separated; and married, 

spouse absent. Separated includes people with legal separations, those living apart with intentions of obtaining a 

divorce, and other people permanently or temporarily separated because of marital discord. Married, spouse absent, 

includes married people living apart because either the husband or wife was employed and living at a considerable 

distance from home, was serving away from home in the Armed Forces, had moved to another area, or had a different 

place of residence for any other reason except those listed in the separated definition above.

Inflation-adjusted earnings shown in this report use the Consumer Price Index research series using current methods 

(CPI-U-RS) to convert current dollars to constant, or inflation-adjusted, dollars. BLS has made numerous improvements 

to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) over the years. Although these improvements make the CPI more accurate, the 

histories of official CPI series are not adjusted to reflect the improvements. Because many researchers need a historical 

series that measures price change consistently over time, BLS developed the CPI-U-RS to provide an estimate of the 

CPI that incorporates most of the methodological improvements made since 1978 into the entire series. For further 

information, see the CPI research series webpage.

This report uses the most recent version of the CPI-U-RS available at the time of production. Users should note that the 

CPI-U-RS is subject to periodic revision. As a result, the rate of inflation incorporated into the inflation-adjusted median 

earnings estimates in this report may differ from the rate used in previous reports in this series or in other publications.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 120

Reliability

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire 

population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they 

represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, 

and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of 

confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.645 standard errors from the true 

population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 

confidence.

Readers should be aware that because of sampling error, apparent differences between estimates for two or more 

groups or categories may not be statistically significant, and therefore not meaningfully different from one another. 

Standard errors are shown with many of the median earnings estimates in this report to help readers evaluate 

differences in earnings estimates.

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the 

failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information on all respondents in the sample, inability or 

unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. 

Further information about the reliability of data from the CPS is available on the CPS Technical Documentation page of 

the BLS website.