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Highlights of women's earnings in 2017

In 2017, women who were full-time wage and salary workers had median 

usual weekly earnings that were 82 percent of those of male full-time wage 

and salary workers. In 1979, the first year for which comparable earnings 

data are available, women’s earnings were 62 percent of men’s. Most of 

the growth in women’s earnings relative to men’s occurred in the 1980s 

and 1990s. Since 2004, the women’s-to-men’s earnings ratio has 

remained in the 80 to 83 percent range. (See chart 1 and tables 1 and 12.)

This report presents earnings data from the Current Population Survey 

(CPS), a national monthly sample survey of about 60,000 eligible 

households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of 

Labor Statistics (BLS). The weekly and hourly earnings estimates in this report reflect information collected from onefourth of the households in the monthly survey and averaged for the calendar year. The data in this report are distinct 

from the annual earnings estimates for full-time, year-round workers collected separately in the Annual Social and 

Economic Supplement (ASEC) to the CPS and published by the U.S. Census Bureau. (See the BLS website for an 

explanation of the differences in these datasets.)

The earnings comparisons in this report are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that can be important in 

explaining earnings differences, such as job skills and responsibilities, work experience, and specialization. The 

earnings estimates referenced throughout this report are medians. The median is the mid-point in the earnings 

distribution, with half of workers having earnings above the median level and half having earnings below.

See the accompanying technical notes section for more information, including a description of the source of the data and 

an explanation of the concepts and definitions used in this report.

August 2018 | Report 1075
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Earnings of full-time workers

Below are data highlights for women and men who usually work full time (35 hours or more per week) in wage and 

salary jobs, with sections focusing on characteristics such as age, race and ethnicity, education, occupation, and more.

Earnings by age group

In 2017, median weekly earnings were $770 for all women age 16 and older. For men age 16 and older, median weekly 

earnings were $941. Women’s median weekly earnings were highest for those between the ages of 35 and 64, with 

essentially no difference in the earnings of 35- to 44-year-olds ($860), 45- to 54-year-olds ($855), and 55- to 64-yearolds ($856). For men, earnings were highest for 45- to 54-year-olds ($1,103) and 55- to 64-year-olds ($1,098). Young 

women and men age 16 to 24 had the lowest earnings ($499 and $547, respectively). (See chart 2 and table 1.)
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In 2017, women’s earnings ranged from 77 to 81 percent of men’s among workers age 35 and older. For those under 

age 35, the earnings differences between women and men were smaller, with women earning 88 to 91 percent of what 

men did. (See table 1.)

Women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios have grown substantially for most age groups since 1979. For young workers ages 

16 to 24, the gains occurred primarily in the 1980s. For workers ages 25 to 64, the gains continued into the 2000s, but 

have tapered off in recent years. (See table 12.)

Earnings by race and ethnicity

Asian women and men earned more than their White, Black, and Hispanic counterparts in 2017. Among women, Whites 

($795) earned 88 percent as much as Asians ($903); Blacks ($657) earned 73 percent; and Hispanics ($603) earned 67 

percent. Among men, these earnings differences were even larger: White men ($971) earned 80 percent as much as 

Asian men ($1,207); Black men ($710) earned 59 percent as much; and Hispanic men ($690), 57 percent. (See chart 3

and table 1.)
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Earnings differences between women and men were largest among Asians and among Whites. Asian women earned 75 

percent as much as Asian men in 2017, and White women earned 82 percent as much as their male counterparts. In 

comparison, Black women had median earnings that were 93 percent of Black men’s, and Hispanic women’s earnings 

were 87 percent of Hispanic men’s. (See table 1.)

Women’s earnings have increased considerably among the major race and Hispanic ethnicity groups since 1979 (the 

first year for which comparable data for Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics are available), with White women experiencing 

the greatest earnings growth. From 1979 to 2017, inflation-adjusted median weekly earnings (also called constant-dollar 

earnings) increased by 37 percent for White women, by 23 percent for Black women, and by 22 percent for Hispanic 

women. For White and Black women, gains tapered off around 2004. Since that time, White and Black women have 

seen little to no net growth in earnings. Hispanic women’s earnings, on the other hand, have remained on an upward 

trend, although substantial earnings growth for them did not begin until the late 1990s. (See table 18.)

The long-term trend in men’s earnings has been quite different than that for women. Inflation-adjusted earnings for White 

and Black men trended down from 1979 through the first part of the 1990s, followed by a period of growth that stalled in 

the early 2000s. For Hispanic men, earnings also declined through the mid-1990s, then began to trend up. Over the full 

period, 1979 through 2017, inflation-adjusted earnings for White, Black, and Hispanic men have shown little to no 

change on net. (See table 18.)
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Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. Between 2000 and 2017, inflation-adjusted earnings grew by 16 

percent for Asian women and by 24 percent for Asian men. (See table 18.)

Earnings by educational attainment

Median weekly earnings vary significantly by educational attainment. Among all workers age 25 and older, the weekly 

earnings of those without a high school diploma ($520) were 41 percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher 

($1,279) in 2017. For workers with a high school diploma who had not attended college, median earnings ($712) were 

56 percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher. Those with some college or an associate’s degree (median 

weekly earnings of $798) made 62 percent of what workers with a bachelor’s degree or more made. (See table 1.)

In each educational attainment category, the long-term trend in inflation-adjusted earnings has been more favorable for 

women than for men. Although both women and men without a high school diploma have experienced declines in 

inflation-adjusted earnings since 1979, the drop for women was much smaller than that for men: a 7-percent decrease 

for women, compared with a 27-percent decline for men. On an inflation-adjusted basis, earnings for women with a 

bachelor’s degree or higher have increased by 36 percent since 1979. Earnings for men with a bachelor’s degree or 

higher have risen by 19 percent. (Data refer to workers age 25 and older.) (See chart 4 and table 19.)
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Earnings by occupation

Women and men working full time in management, business, and financial operations occupations had higher median 

weekly earnings than workers in any other major occupational category in 2017 ($1,134 for women and $1,526 for men). 

Within this category, women and men who were chief executives had the highest median weekly earnings in 2017 

($1,920 and $2,415, respectively). (See table 2.)

The second-highest paying occupational category for women and men was professional and related occupations 

($1,014 for women and $1,391 for men). This is a broad occupational category made up of several distinct job groupings 

for specialized fields such as computer science and math, architecture and engineering, law, education, and healthcare. 

Within this diverse category, women who were pharmacists ($1,834), nurse practitioners ($1,832), and physicians and 

surgeons ($1,759) had the highest earnings in 2017. For men, those who were physicians and surgeons ($2,277), 

pharmacists ($2,228), and lawyers ($2,105) earned the most. (See table 2.)

Occupational distributions of women and men

The occupational distributions of female and male full-time workers differ considerably. Compared with men, relatively 

few women work in construction, production, or transportation occupations, and women are far more concentrated in 

office and administrative support jobs. (See chart 5 and table 2.)

Women also are more likely than men to work in professional and related occupations. In 2017, 31 percent of women 

worked in professional and related occupations, compared with 20 percent of men. Within the professional category, 

though, the proportion of women employed in the higher paying jobs is much smaller than the proportion of men 
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employed in them. In 2017, 10 percent of women in professional and related occupations were employed in the 

relatively high-paying computer (median weekly earnings of $1,235 for women and $1,552 for men) and engineering 

($1,307 for women and $1,518 for men) fields, compared with 46 percent of men. Women were more likely to work in 

education ($935 for women and $1,202 for men) and healthcare ($1,068 for women and $1,341 for men) jobs, which 

generally pay less than computer and engineering jobs. Sixty-seven percent of women in professional occupations 

worked in education and healthcare jobs in 2017, compared with 30 percent of men. (See table 2.)

Across all occupational categories, the three most common jobs for women were registered nurse ($1,143), elementary 

and middle school teacher ($987), and secretary or administrative assistant ($735). Each of these occupations 

employed more than 2 million women in 2017, collectively representing 13 percent of women in full-time wage and 

salary jobs.

Among men, the most common job by far was truck driver (driver/sales workers and truck drivers, $807). In 2017, 2.7 

million, or 4 percent, of all male full-wage and salary workers were truck drivers. Although engineering jobs are shown 

separately by specialty (civil, mechanical, etc.) in this report, if combined, engineer would be the second most common 

job for men. In 2017, a total of 1.9 million men were employed full time in the 16 designated engineering specialties 

(median weekly earnings ranging from $1,520 to $1,891). Another 1.8 million men worked as miscellaneous managers 

(managers, all other, $1,629), the third most common job for men. (See table 2.)

Earnings for those with and without children under 18

In 2017, a little more than one-third of full-time wage and salary workers were parents of children under age 18. (As 

defined here, “children” includes sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children under age 18 who live in the 

household.) Median weekly earnings for mothers of children under age 18 ($777) were little different from the earnings 

for women without children under 18 ($767). Earnings for fathers of children under 18 were $1,059, compared with $887 

for men without children under 18. (See table 7.)

Earnings by state of residence

Median weekly earnings and women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios vary by state of residence. (In this report, “state” refers 

to the 50 states and the District of Columbia.) The differences among the states reflect, in part, variation in the 

occupations and industries found in each state and differences in the demographic composition of each state’s labor 

force. Readers should note that sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national 

estimates. (See the technical notes section for an explanation of sampling error.) Consequently, earnings comparisons 

between states should be made with caution. Readers also should note that the state estimates are based on workers’ 

state of residence; their reported earnings are not necessarily from a job located in the same state. (See table 3.)

Weekly work hours of full-time workers

Among full-time workers (that is, those usually working at a job 35 hours or more per week), men are more likely than 

women to work more than 40 hours per week. In 2017, 25 percent of men who usually work full time worked 41 or more 

hours per week, compared with 14 percent of women. Women were more likely than men to work 35 to 39 hours per 

week: 11 percent of women worked such hours in 2017, while 4 percent of men did. A majority of both male and female 

full-time workers had a 40-hour workweek. Among these workers, women earned 88 percent as much as men. (This 

analysis excludes people who usually work 35 or more hours per week but whose hours vary.) (See table 5.)
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Earnings of part-time workers

Women are more likely than men to work part time—that is, less than 35 hours per week on a sole or main job. Women 

who worked part time made up 24 percent of all female wage and salary workers in 2017. In comparison, 12 percent of 

men in wage and salary jobs worked part time. (See tables 4 and 5.)

Median weekly earnings for female part-timers were $265 in 2017, slightly higher than the $250 median for men. (See 

table 4.)

Part-time workers are more likely to be under age 25 than full-time workers. Among part-timers, 30 percent of women 

and 44 percent of men were under age 25 in 2017. Among full-time workers, 9 percent of women and 9 percent of men 

were under age 25. (See tables 1 and 4.)

Earnings of workers paid by the hour

In 2017, 61 percent of women and 56 percent of men in wage and salary jobs were paid by the hour. Women who were 

paid hourly rates had median hourly earnings of $13.56 in 2017, which were 89 percent of the $15.20 median for men. 

(See tables 8 and 11.)

Among workers who were paid hourly rates in 2017, 3 percent of women and 2 percent of men had hourly earnings at or 

below the prevailing federal minimum wage of $7.25. (See tables 10 and 11.) See the technical notes section for 

information about BLS estimates of the number of minimum wage workers.
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Statistical Tables

Characteristic

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Age

Total, 16 years and older 113,272 $860 $2 50,291 $770 $3 62,980 $941 $4 81.8

16 to 24 years 10,281 519 2 4,490 499 3 5,791 547 5 91.2

16 to 19 years 1,359 424 5 566 402 5 793 459 10 87.6

20 to 24 years 8,922 540 4 3,924 514 3 4,998 570 5 90.2

25 years and older 102,991 907 2 45,801 810 3 57,190 996 3 81.3

25 to 34 years 28,196 773 3 12,381 724 4 15,815 821 5 88.2

35 to 44 years 25,662 964 5 11,173 860 6 14,488 1,062 8 81.0

45 to 54 years 25,650 977 5 11,609 855 7 14,041 1,103 9 77.5

55 to 64 years 19,157 974 6 8,756 856 7 10,401 1,098 13 78.0

65 years and older 4,327 909 12 1,882 782 15 2,445 1,016 18 77.0

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White 87,730 890 2 37,727 795 3 50,003 971 4 81.9

Black or African American 14,521 682 4 7,593 657 5 6,928 710 6 92.5

Asian 7,320 1,043 16 3,306 903 15 4,014 1,207 23 74.8

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 19,615 655 4 7,719 603 4 11,896 690 4 87.4

Marital Status

Never married 33,425 684 3 14,838 649 4 18,587 711 4 91.3

Married, spouse present(1) 61,943 986 3 25,364 862 4 36,579 1,098 6 78.5

Widowed, divorced, or separated(2) 17,904 819 5 10,090 759 5 7,814 909 8 83.5

Widowed 1,834 797 14 1,336 763 14 498 910 32 83.8

Divorced 11,792 864 7 6,653 802 8 5,140 945 10 84.9

Separated(2) 4,277 721 8 2,101 639 11 2,176 819 18 78.0

Union Affiliation(3)

Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics, 2017 annual averages

See footnotes at end of table.
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Footnotes

(1) Refers to people in opposite-sex married couples only.

(2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent.

(3) Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, 

industry, and geographic region.

(4) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.

(5) Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; 

estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Characteristic

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Members of unions(4) 13,396 1,041 7 5,701 970 9 7,695 1,102 10 88.0

Represented by unions(5) 14,812 1,028 6 6,419 954 9 8,393 1,094 9 87.2

Not represented by a union 98,460 829 3 43,873 746 3 54,587 914 3 81.6

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and older 102,991 907 2 45,801 810 3 57,190 996 3 81.3

Less than a high school diploma 7,038 520 3 2,257 447 5 4,781 584 4 76.5

High school graduates, no college 26,011 712 3 10,031 610 3 15,980 797 4 76.5

Some college or associate degree 27,387 798 4 12,846 700 3 14,541 917 5 76.3

Bachelor's degree and higher 42,555 1,279 7 20,668 1,131 5 21,887 1,481 9 76.4

Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics, 2017 annual averages

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Total, full-time wage and salary workers 113,272 $860 $2 50,291 $770 $3 62,980 $941 $4 81.8

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
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Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Management, professional, and related 

occupations 47,207 1,224 5 24,393 1,052 5 22,815 1,442 6 73.0

Management, business, and financial 

operations occupations 19,414 1,327 9 8,999 1,134 7 10,415 1,526 12 74.3

Management occupations 13,169 1,392 11 5,600 1,173 12 7,568 1,573 15 74.6

Chief executives 1,136 2,296 29 313 1,920 80 823 2,415 89 79.5

General and operations managers 920 1,328 38 321 1,134 31 598 1,488 49 76.2

Legislators 14 - - 9 - - 5 - - -

Advertising and promotions managers 53 1,330 303 29 - - 24 - - -

Marketing and sales managers 994 1,509 47 428 1,288 68 566 1,747 42 73.7

Public relations and fundraising managers 71 1,318 87 47 - - 24 - - -

Administrative services managers 147 1,233 68 57 1,013 35 89 1,629 59 62.2

Computer and information systems 

managers

594 1,843 87 165 1,629 104 428 1,897 19 85.9

Financial managers 1,111 1,412 50 611 1,222 51 500 1,719 80 71.1

Compensation and benefits managers 16 - - 11 - - 5 - - -

Human resources managers 304 1,448 68 211 1,280 58 92 1,748 48 73.2

Training and development managers 58 1,396 181 35 - - 23 - - -

Industrial production managers 265 1,486 59 63 1,312 146 202 1,526 60 86.0

Purchasing managers 194 1,271 123 104 1,138 36 90 1,420 202 80.1

Transportation, storage, and distribution 

managers

274 1,039 54 49 - - 225 1,061 57 -

Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural 

managers

121 1,001 60 21 - - 100 963 146 -

Construction managers 582 1,428 30 56 1,243 91 526 1,439 27 86.4

Education administrators 801 1,367 32 497 1,243 27 304 1,561 43 79.6

Architectural and engineering managers 128 1,999 56 10 - - 119 2,020 98 -

Food service managers 816 753 23 394 674 20 421 894 34 75.4

Funeral service managers 9 - - 5 - - 4 - - -

Gaming managers 23 - - 6 - - 17 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
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Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Lodging managers 116 882 136 62 844 42 54 982 39 85.9

Medical and health services managers 610 1,319 49 433 1,177 45 177 1,490 57 79.0

Natural sciences managers 17 - - 7 - - 10 - - -

Postmasters and mail superintendents 23 - - 10 - - 13 - - -

Property, real estate, and community 

association managers 421 957 34 241 873 29 181 1,163 114 75.1

Social and community service managers 337 1,136 23 236 1,052 32 101 1,281 137 82.1

Emergency management directors 10 - - 7 - - 4 - - -

Managers, all other 3,004 1,488 24 1,163 1,251 22 1,841 1,629 33 76.8

Business and financial operations 

occupations 6,245 1,174 13 3,398 1,055 13 2,847 1,390 19 75.9

Agents and business managers of artists, 

performers, and athletes 23 - - 15 - - 8 - - -

Buyers and purchasing agents, farm 

products 10 - - 4 - - 6 - - -

Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm 

products 154 886 40 87 888 43 67 882 167 100.7

Purchasing agents, except wholesale, 

retail, and farm products 240 1,132 44 96 1,085 119 143 1,144 42 94.8

Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, 

and investigators 346 1,002 22 218 925 41 128 1,108 44 83.5

Compliance officers 240 1,391 56 134 1,296 128 106 1,501 65 86.3

Cost estimators 113 1,139 26 13 - - 100 1,157 25 -

Human resources workers 664 1,086 37 482 1,035 39 182 1,236 99 83.7

Compensation, benefits, and job analysis 

specialists 60 1,042 93 39 - - 21 - - -

Training and development specialists 114 1,099 127 55 937 104 59 1,255 42 74.7

Logisticians 101 1,230 55 33 - - 67 1,358 307 -

Management analysts 606 1,499 51 255 1,315 68 351 1,651 110 79.6

Meeting, convention, and event planners 102 1,080 106 89 1,064 58 14 - - -

Fundraisers 72 1,152 31 55 1,152 34 17 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
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Page 13

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Market research analysts and marketing 

specialists 258 1,174 108 149 1,061 66 110 1,357 55 78.2

Business operations specialists, all other 250 1,136 38 132 1,013 47 118 1,361 111 74.4

Accountants and auditors 1,512 1,173 24 890 1,065 24 622 1,389 31 76.7

Appraisers and assessors of real estate 55 1,074 64 20 - - 35 - - -

Budget analysts 54 1,377 104 26 - - 29 - - -

Credit analysts 27 - - 15 - - 13 - - -

Financial analysts 264 1,530 49 108 1,369 187 156 1,590 64 86.1

Personal financial advisors 398 1,425 56 131 979 39 267 1,662 108 58.9

Insurance underwriters 92 1,153 45 57 1,115 59 35 - - -

Financial examiners 15 - - 7 - - 8 - - -

Credit counselors and loan officers 320 1,070 74 193 958 36 127 1,332 205 71.9

Tax examiners and collectors, and 

revenue agents 62 1,078 137 33 - - 28 - - -

Tax preparers 56 791 60 39 - - 18 - - -

Financial specialists, all other 36 - - 24 - - 11 - - -

Professional and related occupations 27,794 1,160 4 15,394 1,014 5 12,400 1,391 9 72.9

Computer and mathematical occupations 4,350 1,465 15 1,110 1,235 23 3,240 1,552 16 79.6

Computer and information research 

scientists 23 - - 9 - - 13 - - -

Computer systems analysts 522 1,409 35 211 1,270 73 311 1,495 29 84.9

Information security analysts 94 1,725 254 20 - - 74 1,773 661 -

Computer programmers 423 1,483 72 89 1,363 56 333 1,539 49 88.6

Software developers, applications and 

systems software 1,439 1,792 41 265 1,543 62 1,174 1,863 22 82.8

Web developers 144 1,235 71 46 - - 98 1,342 425 -

Computer support specialists 443 1,068 41 124 919 49 319 1,134 29 81.0

Database administrators 93 1,381 173 37 - - 56 1,745 137 -

Network and computer systems 

administrators 193 1,395 44 38 - - 155 1,396 52 -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
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Page 14

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Computer network architects 100 1,636 78 3 - - 97 1,659 77 -

Computer occupations, all other 627 1,194 26 142 1,059 88 484 1,250 32 84.7

Actuaries 23 - - 7 - - 16 - - -

Mathematicians 2 - - 0 - - 2 - - -

Operations research analysts 146 1,396 70 74 1,205 61 71 1,570 61 76.8

Statisticians 77 1,433 34 41 - - 36 - - -

Miscellaneous mathematical science 

occupations 2 - - 1 - - 1 - - -

Architecture and engineering occupations 2,936 1,478 19 442 1,307 54 2,494 1,518 20 86.1

Architects, except naval 196 1,453 91 46 - - 150 1,650 81 -

Surveyors, cartographers, and 

photogrammetrists 30 - - 5 - - 25 - - -

Aerospace engineers 137 1,892 69 9 - - 128 1,891 66 -

Agricultural engineers 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - -

Biomedical engineers 16 - - 4 - - 11 - - -

Chemical engineers 78 1,626 119 12 - - 66 1,631 487 -

Civil engineers 393 1,494 55 61 1,343 98 332 1,524 43 88.1

Computer hardware engineers 73 1,771 130 13 - - 60 1,793 169 -

Electrical and electronics engineers 276 1,803 99 30 - - 245 1,772 123 -

Environmental engineers 32 - - 11 - - 21 - - -

Industrial engineers, including health and 

safety 213 1,496 71 46 - - 168 1,520 82 -

Marine engineers and naval architects 7 - - 0 - - 7 - - -

Materials engineers 32 - - 5 - - 28 - - -

Mechanical engineers 337 1,534 41 26 - - 311 1,533 40 -

Mining and geological engineers, including 

mining safety engineers 12 - - 1 - - 10 - - -

Nuclear engineers 7 - - 0 - - 7 - - -

Petroleum engineers 23 - - 6 - - 17 - - -

Engineers, all other 546 1,561 26 73 1,436 122 473 1,571 35 91.4

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
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Page 15

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Drafters 122 1,126 51 21 - - 100 1,149 60 -

Engineering technicians, except drafters 339 1,053 52 70 884 51 269 1,102 37 80.2

Surveying and mapping technicians 63 1,109 38 2 - - 61 1,114 37 -

Life, physical, and social science 

occupations 1,238 1,286 51 564 1,183 39 674 1,361 30 86.9

Agricultural and food scientists 25 - - 10 - - 14 - - -

Biological scientists 82 1,140 63 41 - - 41 - - -

Conservation scientists and foresters 26 - - 11 - - 15 - - -

Medical scientists 162 1,378 54 80 1,270 373 82 1,383 43 91.8

Life scientists, all other 4 - - 3 - - 1 - - -

Astronomers and physicists 16 - - 1 - - 15 - - -

Atmospheric and space scientists 6 - - 2 - - 4 - - -

Chemists and materials scientists 98 1,425 50 41 - - 56 1,451 45 -

Environmental scientists and geoscientists 80 1,639 260 30 - - 51 1,746 62 -

Physical scientists, all other 270 1,529 73 122 1,409 58 147 1,565 59 90.0

Economists 29 - - 12 - - 18 - - -

Survey researchers 2 - - 1 - - 1 - - -

Psychologists 106 1,454 64 71 1,437 50 35 - - -

Sociologists 2 - - 0 - - 2 - - -

Urban and regional planners 34 - - 16 - - 18 - - -

Miscellaneous social scientists and related 

workers 27 - - 9 - - 18 - - -

Agricultural and food science technicians 30 - - 10 - - 20 - - -

Biological technicians 23 - - 15 - - 8 - - -

Chemical technicians 62 1,013 28 16 - - 45 - - -

Geological and petroleum technicians 13 - - 4 - - 9 - - -

Nuclear technicians 6 - - 2 - - 4 - - -

Social science research assistants 4 - - 4 - - 0 - - -

Miscellaneous life, physical, and social 

science technicians 132 826 43 63 766 58 70 970 42 79.0

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 16

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Community and social service occupations 2,165 900 14 1,418 857 13 747 976 28 87.8

Counselors 650 897 20 472 894 28 178 901 25 99.2

Social workers 714 906 26 591 900 27 122 935 48 96.3

Probation officers and correctional 

treatment specialists 90 881 89 55 858 42 36 - - -

Social and human service assistants 189 739 34 141 701 33 48 - - -

Miscellaneous community and social 

service specialists, including health 

educators and community health workers

68 829 38 51 791 54 17 - - -

Clergy 342 1,058 29 46 - - 297 1,073 97 -

Directors, religious activities and 

education 61 844 55 25 - - 36 - - -

Religious workers, all other 50 831 158 37 - - 13 - - -

Legal occupations 1,379 1,443 25 811 1,192 46 568 1,896 23 62.9

Lawyers 781 1,901 17 337 1,753 26 444 2,105 42 83.3

Judicial law clerks 13 - - 6 - - 7 - - -

Judges, magistrates, and other judicial 

workers 59 1,742 343 17 - - 42 - - -

Paralegals and legal assistants 370 945 25 321 934 28 49 - - -

Miscellaneous legal support workers 156 957 45 130 904 65 26 - - -

Education, training, and library occupations 6,978 1,002 8 5,039 935 8 1,939 1,202 24 77.8

Postsecondary teachers 985 1,312 55 434 1,208 28 551 1,414 38 85.4

Preschool and kindergarten teachers 530 657 24 518 654 24 12 - - -

Elementary and middle school teachers 2,838 1,023 11 2,224 987 12 614 1,139 18 86.7

Secondary school teachers 917 1,139 19 524 1,091 31 392 1,226 34 89.0

Special education teachers 386 1,024 29 332 1,017 33 54 1,051 57 96.8

Other teachers and instructors 419 897 34 265 820 29 155 1,128 151 72.7

Archivists, curators, and museum 

technicians 42 - - 24 - - 18 - - -

Librarians 135 1,009 43 104 972 47 31 - - -

Library technicians 16 - - 14 - - 2 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 17

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Teacher assistants 590 550 16 523 537 18 67 642 107 83.6

Other education, training, and library 

workers 120 1,049 73 77 956 66 44 - - -

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and 

media occupations 1,778 1,066 24 765 943 18 1,013 1,161 15 81.2

Artists and related workers 70 1,209 174 27 - - 43 - - -

Designers 600 1,012 31 273 857 20 327 1,172 49 73.1

Actors 17 - - 6 - - 11 - - -

Producers and directors 131 1,489 57 43 - - 89 1,708 97 -

Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related 

workers 149 898 43 45 - - 104 1,031 101 -

Dancers and choreographers 9 - - 5 - - 4 - - -

Musicians, singers, and related workers 41 - - 12 - - 29 - - -

Entertainers and performers, sports and 

related workers, all other 24 - - 13 - - 10 - - -

Announcers 24 - - 7 - - 18 - - -

News analysts, reporters and 

correspondents 72 945 78 42 - - 30 - - -

Public relations specialists 92 1,339 39 57 1,203 103 35 - - -

Editors 124 1,084 59 68 992 169 56 1,123 53 88.3

Technical writers 67 1,222 86 37 - - 30 - - -

Writers and authors 106 1,137 27 57 1,045 52 50 1,171 35 89.2

Miscellaneous media and communication 

workers 53 809 85 28 - - 25 - - -

Broadcast and sound engineering 

technicians and radio operators 81 1,150 44 10 - - 71 1,160 41 -

Photographers 66 931 80 25 - - 40 - - -

Television, video, and motion picture 

camera operators and editors 46 - - 8 - - 38 - - -

Media and communication equipment 

workers, all other 5 - - 2 - - 3 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 18

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Healthcare practitioners and technical 

occupations 6,970 1,124 8 5,246 1,068 10 1,724 1,341 21 79.6

Chiropractors 11 - - 2 - - 9 - - -

Dentists 41 - - 25 - - 16 - - -

Dietitians and nutritionists 88 991 46 80 996 42 8 - - -

Optometrists 19 - - 13 - - 6 - - -

Pharmacists 254 1,923 123 147 1,834 177 107 2,228 217 82.3

Physicians and surgeons 815 1,918 86 352 1,759 204 463 2,277 82 77.3

Physician assistants 97 1,747 62 66 1,640 71 31 - - -

Podiatrists 7 - - 4 - - 3 - - -

Audiologists 13 - - 12 - - 1 - - -

Occupational therapists 74 1,301 89 62 1,273 107 12 - - -

Physical therapists 182 1,317 51 118 1,297 64 64 1,341 49 96.7

Radiation therapists 11 - - 8 - - 3 - - -

Recreational therapists 5 - - 3 - - 1 - - -

Respiratory therapists 83 961 28 56 904 27 27 - - -

Speech-language pathologists 106 1,213 51 102 1,214 48 4 - - -

Exercise physiologists 5 - - 3 - - 1 - - -

Therapists, all other 142 983 34 114 947 39 29 - - -

Veterinarians 60 1,840 88 40 - - 20 - - -

Registered nurses 2,536 1,150 10 2,253 1,143 9 283 1,260 69 90.7

Nurse anesthetists 30 - - 17 - - 13 - - -

Nurse midwives 5 - - 5 - - 0 - - -

Nurse practitioners 141 1,841 57 129 1,832 59 12 - - -

Health diagnosing and treating 

practitioners, all other 15 - - 12 - - 3 - - -

Clinical laboratory technologists and 

technicians 297 890 38 203 845 38 94 1,061 77 79.6

Dental hygienists 78 1,033 58 73 1,028 84 5 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 19

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Diagnostic related technologists and 

technicians 271 1,162 44 186 1,041 50 85 1,404 56 74.1

Emergency medical technicians and 

paramedics 203 984 50 58 733 68 145 1,119 77 65.5

Health practitioner support technologists 

and technicians 469 710 17 371 678 17 98 858 25 79.0

Licensed practical and licensed vocational 

nurses

501 815 23 438 814 25 62 817 50 99.6

Medical records and health information 

technicians 151 763 27 140 761 29 11 - - -

Opticians, dispensing 43 - - 30 - - 13 - - -

Miscellaneous health technologists and 

technicians 143 811 33 95 746 46 48 - - -

Other healthcare practitioners and 

technical occupations 77 1,183 70 28 - - 49 - - -

Service occupations 16,044 544 4 8,059 501 2 7,985 608 4 82.4

Healthcare support occupations 2,500 542 7 2,180 533 7 320 597 19 89.3

Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides 1,387 500 5 1,223 493 5 164 583 21 84.6

Occupational therapy assistants and aides 13 - - 11 - - 1 - - -

Physical therapist assistants and aides 47 - - 33 - - 15 - - -

Massage therapists 51 632 34 36 - - 15 - - -

Dental assistants 215 608 13 203 602 12 12 - - -

Medical assistants 457 594 12 418 597 11 39 - - -

Medical transcriptionists 21 - - 18 - - 3 - - -

Pharmacy aides 25 - - 14 - - 11 - - -

Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal 

caretakers 37 - - 33 - - 4 - - -

Phlebotomists 97 635 11 82 639 11 16 - - -

Miscellaneous healthcare support 

occupations, including medical equipment 

preparers

150 587 30 110 603 32 40 - - -

Protective service occupations 2,739 852 16 535 690 26 2,204 894 15 77.2

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 20

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

First-line supervisors of correctional officers 50 899 94 12 - - 38 - - -

First-line supervisors of police and 

detectives 94 1,348 78 13 - - 81 1,347 72 -

First-line supervisors of fire fighting and 

prevention workers 43 - - 2 - - 42 - - -

First-line supervisors of protective service 

workers, all other 69 953 59 11 - - 58 938 54 -

Firefighters 272 1,123 45 8 - - 264 1,136 53 -

Fire inspectors 22 - - 0 - - 22 - - -

Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers 390 771 22 106 669 22 284 825 46 81.1

Detectives and criminal investigators 142 1,256 46 32 - - 110 1,291 91 -

Fish and game wardens 5 - - 0 - - 5 - - -

Parking enforcement workers 4 - - 2 - - 2 - - -

Police and sheriff's patrol officers 688 1,015 31 94 985 42 595 1,024 44 96.2

Transit and railroad police 6 - - 2 - - 4 - - -

Animal control workers 12 - - 4 - - 8 - - -

Private detectives and investigators 86 963 61 44 - - 42 - - -

Security guards and gaming surveillance 

officers 740 596 12 170 548 25 570 616 16 89.0

Crossing guards 23 - - 6 - - 17 - - -

Transportation security screeners 43 - - 11 - - 32 - - -

Lifeguards and other recreational, and all 

other protective service workers 49 - - 19 - - 30 - - -

Food preparation and serving related 

occupations 4,465 484 3 2,106 459 6 2,359 502 5 91.4

Chefs and head cooks 382 634 18 72 514 15 310 655 18 78.5

First-line supervisors of food preparation and 

serving workers 427 537 19 227 500 15 200 613 22 81.6

Cooks 1,365 466 8 506 436 12 859 481 7 90.6

Food preparation workers 510 425 10 269 410 8 242 449 13 91.3

Bartenders 210 554 40 112 515 12 98 600 26 85.8

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 21

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Combined food preparation and serving 

workers, including fast food 175 407 9 100 401 11 75 415 15 96.6

Counter attendants, cafeteria, food 

concession, and coffee shop 65 460 29 36 - - 29 - - -

Waiters and waitresses 911 493 9 592 475 10 319 533 27 89.1

Food servers, nonrestaurant 88 473 23 59 468 24 28 - - -

Dining room and cafeteria attendants and 

bartender helpers 134 458 20 55 481 16 79 444 22 108.3

Dishwashers 131 401 12 19 - - 111 408 12 -

Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, 

and coffee shop 67 401 21 58 400 23 9 - - -

Food preparation and serving related 

workers, all other 1 - - 1 - - 1 - - -

Building and grounds cleaning and 

maintenance occupations 3,641 522 4 1,268 463 7 2,373 573 7 80.8

First-line supervisors of housekeeping and 

janitorial workers 190 661 36 77 515 16 113 749 33 68.8

First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn 

service, and groundskeeping workers 111 723 40 9 - - 102 760 66 -

Janitors and building cleaners 1,595 539 8 459 481 9 1,136 574 9 83.8

Maids and housekeeping cleaners 815 450 9 687 439 9 128 508 19 86.4

Pest control workers 94 616 27 5 - - 89 617 26 -

Grounds maintenance workers 837 525 10 31 - - 805 526 10 -

Personal care and service occupations 2,699 520 4 1,971 503 4 728 612 12 82.2

First-line supervisors of gaming workers 126 797 39 53 763 30 73 837 43 91.2

First-line supervisors of personal service 

workers 76 619 37 45 - - 31 - - -

Animal trainers 23 - - 7 - - 16 - - -

Nonfarm animal caretakers 99 506 19 78 504 19 21 - - -

Gaming services workers 66 692 46 28 - - 37 - - -

Motion picture projectionists 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 22

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers 8 - - 2 - - 6 - - -

Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and 

related workers 74 517 18 36 - - 39 - - -

Embalmers and funeral attendants 15 - - 7 - - 8 - - -

Morticians, undertakers, and funeral 

directors 22 - - 3 - - 19 - - -

Barbers 54 590 28 8 - - 47 - - -

Hairdressers, hairstylists, and 

cosmetologists 324 528 26 302 521 17 22 - - -

Miscellaneous personal appearance workers 235 567 31 187 538 29 48 - - -

Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges 70 547 50 14 - - 56 543 48 -

Tour and travel guides 21 - - 6 - - 14 - - -

Childcare workers 448 482 8 413 474 11 35 - - -

Personal care aides 735 486 8 608 479 8 127 520 20 92.1

Recreation and fitness workers 200 616 30 118 565 34 82 726 78 77.8

Residential advisors 27 - - 17 - - 10 - - -

Personal care and service workers, all other 76 570 37 40 - - 37 - - -

Sales and office occupations 23,686 718 3 14,205 672 3 9,481 834 9 80.6

Sales and related occupations 9,953 763 7 4,355 609 6 5,598 934 9 65.2

First-line supervisors of retail sales workers 2,388 764 12 1,013 639 12 1,376 891 16 71.7

First-line supervisors of non-retail sales 

workers 815 1,062 27 274 965 28 541 1,151 37 83.8

Cashiers 1,360 438 9 982 422 5 378 493 14 85.6

Counter and rental clerks 78 607 43 31 - - 48 - - -

Parts salespersons 115 786 56 7 - - 108 800 56 -

Retail salespersons 1,896 615 6 736 523 12 1,160 704 25 74.3

Advertising sales agents 193 887 30 106 882 33 87 895 55 98.5

Insurance sales agents 440 897 37 242 795 46 198 1,058 49 75.1

Securities, commodities, and financial 

services sales agents 231 1,332 117 77 911 124 154 1,416 42 64.3

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 23

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Travel agents 57 665 24 47 - - 10 - - -

Sales representatives, services, all other 458 1,147 40 120 902 49 339 1,332 69 67.7

Sales representatives, wholesale and 

manufacturing 1,105 1,157 24 308 956 47 796 1,222 36 78.2

Models, demonstrators, and product 

promoters 16 - - 12 - - 4 - - -

Real estate brokers and sales agents 488 953 23 269 818 64 219 1,159 37 70.6

Sales engineers 39 - - 3 - - 36 - - -

Telemarketers 37 - - 27 - - 11 - - -

Door-to-door sales workers, news and street 

vendors, and related workers 41 - - 15 - - 27 - - -

Sales and related workers, all other 195 971 96 89 799 77 107 1,147 32 69.7

Office and administrative support occupations 13,733 701 3 9,850 691 3 3,884 735 7 94.0

First-line supervisors of office and 

administrative support workers 1,261 867 15 854 819 17 408 987 32 83.0

Switchboard operators, including answering 

service 16 - - 12 - - 3 - - -

Telephone operators 35 - - 27 - - 9 - - -

Communications equipment operators, all 

other 5 - - 2 - - 4 - - -

Bill and account collectors 130 674 32 92 655 26 38 - - -

Billing and posting clerks 405 696 15 347 691 16 58 718 34 96.2

Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing 

clerks 718 719 13 625 716 12 92 743 37 96.4

Gaming cage workers 11 - - 11 - - 0 - - -

Payroll and timekeeping clerks 103 765 28 89 767 28 13 - - -

Procurement clerks 29 - - 15 - - 14 - - -

Tellers 209 572 14 184 562 15 25 - - -

Financial clerks, all other 74 902 40 48 - - 26 - - -

Brokerage clerks 5 - - 3 - - 2 - - -

Correspondence clerks 6 - - 5 - - 0 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 24

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Court, municipal, and license clerks 79 738 58 62 718 36 17 - - -

Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks 50 807 77 31 - - 20 - - -

Customer service representatives 1,881 654 9 1,234 637 10 646 712 29 89.5

Eligibility interviewers, government programs 66 849 55 50 779 50 16 - - -

File clerks 135 704 36 109 706 31 26 - - -

Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks 84 486 18 49 - - 35 - - -

Interviewers, except eligibility and loan 106 671 32 89 683 34 16 - - -

Library assistants, clerical 45 - - 37 - - 8 - - -

Loan interviewers and clerks 114 742 23 95 725 22 19 - - -

New accounts clerks 36 - - 28 - - 8 - - -

Order clerks 80 629 31 42 - - 38 - - -

Human resources assistants, except payroll 

and timekeeping 45 - - 37 - - 8 - - -

Receptionists and information clerks 892 602 7 826 599 7 66 652 25 91.9

Reservation and transportation ticket agents 

and travel clerks 99 739 38 56 691 58 43 - - -

Information and record clerks, all other 92 691 32 74 683 32 19 - - -

Cargo and freight agents 14 - - 4 - - 10 - - -

Couriers and messengers 155 725 45 24 - - 131 751 49 -

Dispatchers 255 710 19 145 691 18 110 753 34 91.8

Meter readers, utilities 14 - - 2 - - 12 - - -

Postal service clerks 104 940 90 56 925 72 48 - - -

Postal service mail carriers 266 944 33 108 856 35 158 965 29 88.7

Postal service mail sorters, processors, and 

processing machine operators 49 - - 23 - - 26 - - -

Production, planning, and expediting clerks 238 911 35 120 798 39 118 1,043 47 76.5

Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks 544 611 10 165 596 20 379 616 11 96.8

Stock clerks and order fillers 982 559 12 339 538 18 643 571 14 94.2

Weighers, measurers, checkers, and 

samplers, recordkeeping 43 - - 21 - - 22 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 25

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Secretaries and administrative assistants 2,165 739 8 2,046 735 8 119 852 148 86.3

Computer operators 63 809 67 35 - - 27 - - -

Data entry keyers 224 650 17 176 640 18 48 - - -

Word processors and typists 80 683 29 72 667 24 8 - - -

Desktop publishers 1 - - 1 - - 0 - - -

Insurance claims and policy processing 

clerks 223 714 16 189 711 17 34 - - -

Mail clerks and mail machine operators, 

except postal service 46 - - 16 - - 30 - - -

Office clerks, general 935 682 11 793 670 9 142 780 37 85.9

Office machine operators, except computer 27 - - 17 - - 10 - - -

Proofreaders and copy markers 6 - - 4 - - 2 - - -

Statistical assistants 17 - - 10 - - 7 - - -

Office and administrative support workers, 

all other 473 758 21 352 756 21 122 768 56 98.4

Natural resources, construction, and 

maintenance occupations 11,509 801 4 515 579 15 10,994 809 5 71.6

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 962 539 17 206 471 14 756 585 11 80.5

First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and 

forestry workers 51 711 37 4 - - 47 - - -

Agricultural inspectors 14 - - 4 - - 10 - - -

Animal breeders 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - -

Graders and sorters, agricultural products 99 500 29 67 487 34 32 - - -

Miscellaneous agricultural workers 701 517 8 127 453 19 574 553 31 81.9

Fishers and related fishing workers 21 - - 0 - - 21 - - -

Hunters and trappers 2 - - 1 - - 0 - - -

Forest and conservation workers 25 - - 2 - - 23 - - -

Logging workers 47 - - 1 - - 46 - - -

Construction and extraction occupations 6,147 796 6 160 802 26 5,987 796 6 100.8

First-line supervisors of construction trades 

and extraction workers 520 1,158 36 14 - - 506 1,166 36 -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 26

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Boilermakers 15 - - 0 - - 15 - - -

Brickmasons, blockmasons, and 

stonemasons 121 787 35 0 - - 121 787 35 -

Carpenters 870 789 12 19 - - 851 789 12 -

Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers 115 631 48 1 - - 114 628 45 -

Cement masons, concrete finishers, and 

terrazzo workers 47 - - 2 - - 45 - - -

Construction laborers 1,443 670 11 43 - - 1,400 667 11 -

Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment 

operators 12 - - 0 - - 12 - - -

Pile-driver operators 2 - - 0 - - 2 - - -

Operating engineers and other construction 

equipment operators 324 868 27 6 - - 318 868 29 -

Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and 

tapers 114 634 54 1 - - 112 628 43 -

Electricians 726 979 26 15 - - 711 974 26 -

Glaziers 39 - - 0 - - 39 - - -

Insulation workers 52 768 27 3 - - 49 - - -

Painters, construction and maintenance 347 683 17 20 - - 328 689 17 -

Paperhangers 1 - - 0 - - 1 - - -

Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and 

steamfitters 497 866 35 8 - - 489 865 36 -

Plasterers and stucco masons 24 - - 0 - - 24 - - -

Reinforcing iron and rebar workers 13 - - 0 - - 13 - - -

Roofers 174 621 21 0 - - 174 621 21 -

Sheet metal workers 136 865 49 3 - - 132 866 48 -

Structural iron and steel workers 43 - - 2 - - 41 - - -

Solar photovoltaic installers 7 - - 0 - - 7 - - -

Helpers, construction trades 57 621 27 4 - - 53 627 48 -

Construction and building inspectors 63 974 149 4 - - 60 1,068 230 -

Elevator installers and repairers 38 - - 0 - - 38 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 27

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Fence erectors 26 - - 1 - - 25 - - -

Hazardous materials removal workers 27 - - 6 - - 20 - - -

Highway maintenance workers 91 761 29 4 - - 88 770 30 -

Rail-track laying and maintenance 

equipment operators 10 - - 0 - - 10 - - -

Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe 

cleaners 6 - - 0 - - 6 - - -

Miscellaneous construction and related 

workers 15 - - 1 - - 14 - - -

Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit 

operators, oil, gas, and mining 27 - - 0 - - 27 - - -

Earth drillers, except oil and gas 17 - - 0 - - 17 - - -

Explosives workers, ordnance handling 

experts, and blasters 12 - - 0 - - 12 - - -

Mining machine operators 49 - - 0 - - 49 - - -

Roof bolters, mining 2 - - 0 - - 2 - - -

Roustabouts, oil and gas 4 - - 0 - - 4 - - -

Helpers--extraction workers 5 - - 1 - - 5 - - -

Other extraction workers 54 900 46 2 - - 52 907 45 -

Installation, maintenance, and repair 

occupations 4,400 878 9 149 736 47 4,251 883 8 83.4

First-line supervisors of mechanics, 

installers, and repairers 244 1,092 43 19 - - 225 1,089 49 -

Computer, automated teller, and office 

machine repairers 173 819 36 17 - - 156 833 47 -

Radio and telecommunications equipment 

installers and repairers 121 1,010 47 8 - - 113 1,069 99 -

Avionics technicians 7 - - 0 - - 7 - - -

Electric motor, power tool, and related 

repairers 30 - - 0 - - 30 - - -

Electrical and electronics installers and 

repairers, transportation equipment 1 - - 0 - - 1 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 28

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial 

and utility 14 - - 0 - - 14 - - -

Electronic equipment installers and 

repairers, motor vehicles 11 - - 0 - - 11 - - -

Electronic home entertainment equipment 

installers and repairers 38 - - 0 - - 38 - - -

Security and fire alarm systems installers 71 945 67 3 - - 68 943 66 -

Aircraft mechanics and service technicians 153 1,169 62 6 - - 146 1,175 65 -

Automotive body and related repairers 124 821 103 1 - - 122 832 124 -

Automotive glass installers and repairers 21 - - 0 - - 21 - - -

Automotive service technicians and 

mechanics 752 761 15 15 - - 737 764 15 -

Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine 

specialists 367 887 25 4 - - 362 887 25 -

Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service 

technicians and mechanics 177 993 43 4 - - 173 1,005 42 -

Small engine mechanics 26 - - 0 - - 26 - - -

Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment 

mechanics, installers, and repairers 64 613 38 0 - - 64 613 38 -

Control and valve installers and repairers 25 - - 0 - - 25 - - -

Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration 

mechanics and installers 376 830 46 7 - - 369 832 47 -

Home appliance repairers 26 - - 0 - - 26 - - -

Industrial and refractory machinery 

mechanics 395 923 29 16 - - 379 932 41 -

Maintenance and repair workers, general 511 828 26 20 - - 490 834 29 -

Maintenance workers, machinery 25 - - 0 - - 25 - - -

Millwrights 40 - - 1 - - 39 - - -

Electrical power-line installers and repairers 132 1,191 37 0 - - 132 1,191 37 -

Telecommunications line installers and 

repairers 187 879 41 5 - - 181 876 45 -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 29

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Precision instrument and equipment 

repairers 44 - - 10 - - 34 - - -

Wind turbine service technicians 6 - - 0 - - 6 - - -

Coin, vending, and amusement machine 

servicers and repairers 24 - - 1 - - 23 - - -

Commercial divers 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - -

Locksmiths and safe repairers 20 - - 2 - - 18 - - -

Manufactured building and mobile home 

installers 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - -

Riggers 13 - - 0 - - 13 - - -

Signal and track switch repairers 11 - - 0 - - 11 - - -

Helpers--installation, maintenance, and 

repair workers 15 - - 2 - - 14 - - -

Other installation, maintenance, and repair 

workers 156 774 35 6 - - 150 772 39 -

Production, transportation, and material moving 

occupations 14,825 692 3 3,119 545 6 11,705 736 5 74.0

Production occupations 7,589 701 4 2,044 564 7 5,545 769 7 73.3

First-line supervisors of production and 

operating workers 722 966 24 133 716 53 588 1,007 19 71.1

Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and 

systems assemblers 1 - - 1 - - 0 - - -

Electrical, electronics, and 

electromechanical assemblers 123 624 29 50 587 28 73 682 67 86.1

Engine and other machine assemblers 14 - - 2 - - 11 - - -

Structural metal fabricators and fitters 25 - - 1 - - 24 - - -

Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators 957 630 15 362 559 12 595 700 18 79.9

Bakers 135 472 13 68 464 23 67 488 68 95.1

Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish 

processing workers 259 587 16 63 487 16 196 621 19 78.4

Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and 

drying machine operators and tenders 7 - - 3 - - 4 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 30

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Food batchmakers 70 575 29 38 - - 32 - - -

Food cooking machine operators and 

tenders 8 - - 5 - - 3 - - -

Food processing workers, all other 171 676 25 52 545 135 119 701 22 77.7

Computer control programmers and 

operators 100 868 30 12 - - 88 912 50 -

Extruding and drawing machine setters, 

operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 18 - - 1 - - 17 - - -

Forging machine setters, operators, and 

tenders, metal and plastic 9 - - 1 - - 8 - - -

Rolling machine setters, operators, and 

tenders, metal and plastic 9 - - 2 - - 6 - - -

Cutting, punching, and press machine 

setters, operators, and tenders, metal and 

plastic

84 665 35 9 - - 74 688 48 -

Drilling and boring machine tool setters, 

operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 7 - - 0 - - 7 - - -

Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing 

machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, 

metal and plastic

40 - - 4 - - 35 - - -

Lathe and turning machine tool setters, 

operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 14 - - 1 - - 13 - - -

Milling and planing machine setters, 

operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 5 - - 2 - - 3 - - -

Machinists 343 831 26 16 - - 326 834 28 -

Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, 

and casters 23 - - 3 - - 20 - - -

Model makers and patternmakers, metal and 

plastic 3 - - 3 - - 1 - - -

Molders and molding machine setters, 

operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 43 - - 5 - - 38 - - -

Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and 

tenders, metal and plastic 5 - - 1 - - 4 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 31

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Tool and die makers 59 1,007 36 3 - - 56 1,021 211 -

Welding, soldering, and brazing workers 541 812 17 24 - - 517 821 18 -

Heat treating equipment setters, operators, 

and tenders, metal and plastic 2 - - 1 - - 1 - - -

Layout workers, metal and plastic 11 - - 0 - - 11 - - -

Plating and coating machine setters, 

operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 16 - - 2 - - 14 - - -

Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners 7 - - 0 - - 7 - - -

Metal workers and plastic workers, all other 381 654 18 78 574 29 303 679 19 84.5

Prepress technicians and workers 13 - - 4 - - 8 - - -

Printing press operators 151 758 43 26 - - 126 789 24 -

Print binding and finishing workers 8 - - 4 - - 4 - - -

Laundry and dry-cleaning workers 106 450 22 79 443 22 27 - - -

Pressers, textile, garment, and related 

materials 19 - - 9 - - 10 - - -

Sewing machine operators 157 519 21 108 521 23 49 - - -

Shoe and leather workers and repairers 1 - - 1 - - 0 - - -

Shoe machine operators and tenders 3 - - 1 - - 2 - - -

Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers 31 - - 21 - - 10 - - -

Textile bleaching and dyeing machine 

operators and tenders 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - -

Textile cutting machine setters, operators, 

and tenders 6 - - 4 - - 2 - - -

Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, 

operators, and tenders 17 - - 9 - - 8 - - -

Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out 

machine setters, operators, and tenders 12 - - 8 - - 4 - - -

Extruding and forming machine setters, 

operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass 

fibers

0 - - 0 - - 0 - - -

Fabric and apparel patternmakers 1 - - 1 - - 0 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 32

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Upholsterers 22 - - 4 - - 18 - - -

Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all 

other 19 - - 9 - - 10 - - -

Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters 38 - - 2 - - 36 - - -

Furniture finishers 8 - - 1 - - 7 - - -

Model makers and patternmakers, wood 1 - - 0 - - 1 - - -

Sawing machine setters, operators, and 

tenders, wood 26 - - 0 - - 26 - - -

Woodworking machine setters, operators, 

and tenders, except sawing 16 - - 4 - - 12 - - -

Woodworkers, all other 19 - - 4 - - 15 - - -

Power plant operators, distributors, and 

dispatchers 47 - - 2 - - 45 - - -

Stationary engineers and boiler operators 76 1,088 304 4 - - 72 1,142 99 -

Water and wastewater treatment plant and 

system operators 107 907 33 5 - - 102 910 33 -

Miscellaneous plant and system operators 41 - - 6 - - 34 - - -

Chemical processing machine setters, 

operators, and tenders 58 877 72 3 - - 55 879 65 -

Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and 

blending workers 70 771 25 8 - - 62 795 39 -

Cutting workers 51 521 16 12 - - 40 - - -

Extruding, forming, pressing, and 

compacting machine setters, operators, and 

tenders

13 - - 3 - - 10 - - -

Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle 

operators and tenders 5 - - 0 - - 5 - - -

Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and 

weighers 717 765 26 275 637 19 443 853 48 74.7

Jewelers and precious stone and metal 

workers 24 - - 5 - - 20 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 33

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory 

technicians 57 598 74 40 - - 16 - - -

Packaging and filling machine operators and 

tenders 275 553 20 147 516 14 128 598 17 86.3

Painting workers 131 693 28 14 - - 117 705 33 -

Photographic process workers and 

processing machine operators 23 - - 7 - - 16 - - -

Semiconductor processors 2 - - 2 - - 0 - - -

Adhesive bonding machine operators and 

tenders 4 - - 0 - - 4 - - -

Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling 

equipment operators and tenders 10 - - 2 - - 8 - - -

Cooling and freezing equipment operators 

and tenders 2 - - 1 - - 1 - - -

Etchers and engravers 5 - - 2 - - 3 - - -

Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal 

and plastic 25 - - 4 - - 21 - - -

Paper goods machine setters, operators, 

and tenders 28 - - 5 - - 23 - - -

Tire builders 10 - - 0 - - 10 - - -

Helpers--production workers 30 - - 11 - - 19 - - -

Production workers, all other 890 663 16 238 570 20 653 716 15 79.6

Transportation and material moving 

occupations 7,236 681 5 1,075 514 6 6,160 710 5 72.4

Supervisors of transportation and material 

moving workers 192 881 123 31 - - 160 919 75 -

Aircraft pilots and flight engineers 112 1,736 200 7 - - 105 1,750 119 -

Air traffic controllers and airfield operations 

specialists 16 - - 5 - - 11 - - -

Flight attendants 71 860 96 51 873 82 20 - - -

Ambulance drivers and attendants, except 

emergency medical technicians 8 - - 1 - - 7 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 34

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Bus drivers 356 605 16 148 517 28 209 671 27 77.0

Driver/sales workers and truck drivers 2,828 797 8 139 589 28 2,689 807 9 73.0

Taxi drivers and chauffeurs 362 604 18 54 453 30 308 623 24 72.7

Motor vehicle operators, all other 33 - - 5 - - 28 - - -

Locomotive engineers and operators 43 - - 7 - - 36 - - -

Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators 5 - - 0 - - 5 - - -

Railroad conductors and yardmasters 42 - - 2 - - 39 - - -

Subway, streetcar, and other rail 

transportation workers 9 - - 2 - - 7 - - -

Sailors and marine oilers 19 - - 0 - - 19 - - -

Ship and boat captains and operators 29 - - 0 - - 29 - - -

Ship engineers 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - -

Bridge and lock tenders 5 - - 2 - - 3 - - -

Parking lot attendants 65 560 45 16 - - 49 - - -

Automotive and watercraft service 

attendants 80 514 43 7 - - 73 535 45 -

Transportation inspectors 41 - - 8 - - 33 - - -

Transportation attendants, except flight 

attendants 21 - - 10 - - 11 - - -

Other transportation workers 20 - - 1 - - 19 - - -

Conveyor operators and tenders 1 - - 0 - - 1 - - -

Crane and tower operators 52 902 54 1 - - 51 898 53 -

Dredge, excavating, and loading machine 

operators 29 - - 1 - - 28 - - -

Hoist and winch operators 6 - - 0 - - 6 - - -

Industrial truck and tractor operators 584 624 14 46 - - 538 632 19 -

Cleaners of vehicles and equipment 237 530 25 40 - - 197 531 37 -

Laborers and freight, stock, and material 

movers, hand 1,450 578 7 254 500 10 1,196 595 7 84.0

Machine feeders and offbearers 29 - - 15 - - 14 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 35

Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data 

or data that do not meet publication criteria.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Occupation

Total Women Men Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Number of 

workers

Median 

weekly 

earnings

Standard 

error of 

median

Packers and packagers, hand 368 480 8 210 462 14 158 500 13 92.4

Pumping station operators 19 - - 0 - - 19 - - -

Refuse and recyclable material collectors 56 522 68 7 - - 49 - - -

Mine shuttle car operators 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - -

Tank car, truck, and ship loaders 6 - - 0 - - 6 - - -

Material moving workers, all other 41 - - 6 - - 34 - - -

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

State

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

United States 113,272 $860 $2 50,291 $770 $3 62,980 $941 $4 81.8

Alabama 1,593 753 14 712 656 17 881 845 25 77.6

Alaska 253 979 18 117 883 27 136 1,090 43 81.0

Arizona 2,283 830 17 970 749 17 1,312 916 26 81.8

Arkansas 1,023 722 13 496 665 15 527 799 23 83.2

California 13,145 913 8 5,620 827 11 7,525 992 11 83.4

Colorado 2,049 918 14 854 838 20 1,195 986 20 85.0

Connecticut 1,290 1,011 19 577 938 40 713 1,102 47 85.1

Delaware 349 840 22 160 785 19 189 905 26 86.7

District of Columbia 311 1,273 30 158 1,191 45 153 1,385 50 86.0

Florida 7,092 768 7 3,312 726 9 3,780 826 14 87.9

Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by state, 2017 annual averages

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 36

State

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Georgia 3,717 775 12 1,736 720 17 1,981 866 29 83.1

Hawaii 497 821 18 234 734 23 263 918 28 80.0

Idaho 568 794 16 230 695 13 338 893 17 77.8

Illinois 4,426 918 12 1,965 791 16 2,460 1,017 17 77.8

Indiana 2,425 805 14 1,075 708 19 1,350 903 28 78.4

Iowa 1,167 825 15 522 738 17 645 907 20 81.4

Kansas 1,040 823 18 459 749 20 581 916 21 81.8

Kentucky 1,477 774 15 676 673 20 801 834 30 80.7

Louisiana 1,498 773 15 673 686 20 825 886 26 77.4

Maine 445 845 24 201 760 23 244 911 22 83.4

Maryland 2,295 1,036 28 1,041 959 37 1,254 1,131 41 84.8

Massachusetts 2,597 1,078 21 1,157 971 18 1,440 1,204 32 80.6

Michigan 3,405 853 16 1,455 765 12 1,950 928 17 82.4

Minnesota 2,128 955 20 937 844 26 1,191 1,026 24 82.3

Mississippi 944 723 13 454 643 18 490 794 25 81.0

Missouri 2,166 826 17 1,006 733 20 1,160 925 27 79.2

Montana 321 800 19 135 713 15 185 883 22 80.7

Nebraska 696 814 16 311 760 23 385 871 28 87.3

Nevada 1,071 746 12 451 675 14 621 808 16 83.5

New Hampshire 512 918 20 225 838 21 287 1,003 25 83.5

New Jersey 3,241 1,016 13 1,486 929 17 1,755 1,138 23 81.6

New Mexico 622 737 13 268 701 16 354 771 22 90.9

New York 7,120 918 9 3,303 850 15 3,817 984 13 86.4

North Carolina 3,574 810 10 1,655 754 13 1,919 874 19 86.3

North Dakota 291 857 18 128 740 18 164 952 18 77.7

Ohio 4,021 832 12 1,801 743 13 2,220 908 15 81.8

Oklahoma 1,308 766 11 554 685 16 754 859 25 79.7

Oregon 1,413 873 23 604 770 24 810 945 22 81.5

Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by state, 2017 annual averages

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 37

Note: In general, the sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national estimates; thus, comparisons of state estimates should be made with caution. Data shown are based on workers' state of 

residence; workers' reported earnings, however, may or may not be from a job located in the same state.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

State

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Pennsylvania 4,448 869 13 1,985 768 11 2,463 971 17 79.1

Rhode Island 391 897 14 178 833 24 213 956 32 87.1

South Carolina 1,673 799 14 753 696 16 920 898 20 77.5

South Dakota 308 769 13 141 679 15 168 858 19 79.1

Tennessee 2,291 780 15 1,034 704 17 1,257 874 23 80.5

Texas 9,918 813 9 4,243 734 9 5,675 894 11 82.1

Utah 1,044 827 15 394 692 14 650 952 18 72.7

Vermont 227 874 19 103 816 24 124 918 21 88.9

Virginia 3,134 937 18 1,414 844 20 1,720 1,043 33 80.9

Washington 2,538 961 20 1,066 825 22 1,472 1,093 27 75.5

West Virginia 569 747 12 253 670 20 316 830 22 80.7

Wisconsin 2,159 860 13 926 777 18 1,233 936 21 83.0

Wyoming 197 875 21 82 720 17 115 1,006 21 71.6

Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by state, 2017 annual averages

Characteristic

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Age

Total, 16 years and older 24,433 $260 $1 16,054 $265 $2 8,378 $250 $2 106.0

16 to 24 years 8,453 200 2 4,771 199 2 3,683 201 2 99.0

Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by selected demographic characteristics, 2017 annual averages

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 38

Footnotes

(1) Refers to people in opposite-sex married couples only.

(2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent.

Characteristic

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

16 to 19 years 3,605 160 2 1,981 159 3 1,625 162 3 98.1

20 to 24 years 4,848 232 2 2,790 229 3 2,058 237 4 96.6

25 years and older 15,980 301 2 11,284 302 2 4,696 301 3 100.3

25 to 34 years 4,178 300 3 2,812 300 4 1,367 300 5 100.0

35 to 44 years 3,028 319 4 2,322 318 4 706 322 10 98.8

45 to 54 years 2,970 319 4 2,337 318 4 633 324 10 98.1

55 to 64 years 3,195 302 4 2,295 304 5 900 294 8 103.4

65 years and older 2,609 258 5 1,518 249 6 1,091 273 8 91.2

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White 19,235 264 2 12,781 269 2 6,454 253 3 106.3

Black or African American 2,953 243 3 1,858 247 4 1,095 237 5 104.2

Asian 1,237 275 6 798 276 7 439 275 11 100.4

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 4,024 262 3 2,588 260 3 1,436 265 5 98.1

Marital Status

Never married 11,972 221 1 6,769 220 2 5,203 222 2 99.1

Married, spouse present(1) 9,178 313 2 6,795 312 3 2,383 314 5 99.4

Widowed, divorced, or separated(2) 3,283 285 4 2,491 285 4 792 286 7 99.7

Widowed 720 254 7 605 255 8 115 250 21 102.0

Divorced 1,846 297 5 1,364 296 6 483 300 10 98.7

Separated(2) 717 285 6 522 289 7 195 272 14 106.2

Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by selected demographic characteristics, 2017 annual averages

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 39

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; 

estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Hours of work

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Total, 16 years and older 137,890 $740 $2 66,421 $641 $2 71,469 $852 $4 75.2

0 to 34 hours 22,410 263 1 14,767 268 2 7,644 253 2 105.9

0 to 4 hours 530 62 3 349 62 3 181 63 5 98.4

5 to 9 hours 1,195 89 2 784 88 3 412 91 4 96.7

10 to 14 hours 2,025 122 1 1,331 123 2 694 118 2 104.2

15 to 19 hours 2,704 174 2 1,799 184 3 905 164 2 112.2

20 to 24 hours 6,575 238 2 4,348 245 2 2,227 224 3 109.4

25 to 29 hours 3,369 297 2 2,202 301 3 1,167 291 3 103.4

30 to 34 hours 6,013 378 3 3,953 390 4 2,060 360 4 108.3

35 hours and over 108,270 865 2 48,321 776 3 59,949 945 4 82.1

35 to 39 hours 7,849 537 6 5,249 550 6 2,601 514 7 107.0

40 hours 78,506 801 2 36,175 752 3 42,331 853 4 88.2

41 hours and over 21,915 1,276 8 6,897 1,173 11 15,018 1,343 8 87.3

41 to 44 hours 1,221 949 22 518 877 28 703 1,010 31 86.8

45 to 48 hours 6,161 1,149 9 2,157 1,113 19 4,004 1,172 15 95.0

49 to 59 hours 9,873 1,377 11 3,032 1,273 19 6,842 1,414 13 90.0

60 hours and over 4,660 1,452 15 1,191 1,261 24 3,469 1,499 18 84.1

Hours vary 7,210 519 8 3,334 397 6 3,876 666 17 59.6

Usually less than 35 hours 2,022 226 5 1,288 231 6 735 219 7 105.5

Usually 35 or more hours 5,002 722 13 1,971 576 17 3,031 864 18 66.7

Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours usually worked, 2017 annual averages

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 40

Note: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full-time and part-time workers. Estimates for the "hours vary" groups do not sum to totals because data are not presented for a small number of multiple jobholders whose usual 

number of hours on the principal job is not identifiable.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Characteristic Total

employed

Number of workers by usual weekly earnings

Under

$350.00

$350.00

to

$499.99

$500.00

to

$599.99

$600.00

to

$749.99

$750.00

to

$999.99

$1,000.00

to

$1,199.99

$1,200.00

to

$1,999.99

$2,000.00

or

more

Age

Total, 16 years and older 113,272 5,132 15,128 10,221 15,876 19,574 11,945 22,859 12,537

16 to 24 years 10,281 1,288 3,340 1,556 1,657 1,330 482 536 93

16 to 19 years 1,359 331 583 173 135 79 17 35 6

20 to 24 years 8,922 957 2,758 1,383 1,522 1,251 465 501 86

25 years and older 102,991 3,844 11,788 8,666 14,219 18,244 11,463 22,323 12,444

25 to 34 years 28,196 1,278 4,104 2,938 4,795 5,481 3,023 4,834 1,743

35 to 44 years 25,662 878 2,720 1,951 3,283 4,308 2,932 6,129 3,460

45 to 54 years 25,650 867 2,552 1,912 3,174 4,440 2,957 5,996 3,751

55 to 64 years 19,157 568 1,901 1,451 2,439 3,356 2,104 4,512 2,826

65 years and older 4,327 253 511 414 529 658 447 851 664

Women, 16 years and older 50,291 2,885 7,908 5,219 7,684 9,127 5,182 8,616 3,671

16 to 24 years 4,490 671 1,564 698 664 529 169 169 26

16 to 19 years 566 169 268 61 28 27 4 10 0

20 to 24 years 3,924 502 1,296 638 636 502 166 160 26

25 years and older 45,801 2,214 6,344 4,521 7,020 8,598 5,012 8,446 3,645

25 to 34 years 12,381 664 2,001 1,487 2,239 2,465 1,266 1,733 526

35 to 44 years 11,173 537 1,453 983 1,565 2,049 1,266 2,326 994

45 to 54 years 11,609 560 1,468 1,033 1,665 2,139 1,317 2,309 1,118

55 to 64 years 8,756 324 1,158 796 1,286 1,614 970 1,785 823

65 years and older 1,882 130 264 222 265 331 193 293 184

Men, 16 years and older 62,980 2,246 7,220 5,003 8,192 10,448 6,763 14,243 8,866

16 to 24 years 5,791 617 1,776 858 993 801 312 367 67

Table 6. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2017 annual averages [In 

thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 41

Characteristic Total

employed

Number of workers by usual weekly earnings

Under

$350.00

$350.00

to

$499.99

$500.00

to

$599.99

$600.00

to

$749.99

$750.00

to

$999.99

$1,000.00

to

$1,199.99

$1,200.00

to

$1,999.99

$2,000.00

or

more

16 to 19 years 793 162 315 112 107 52 13 25 6

20 to 24 years 4,998 454 1,461 746 886 749 299 342 61

25 years and older 57,190 1,630 5,444 4,145 7,199 9,646 6,451 13,876 8,799

25 to 34 years 15,815 614 2,103 1,450 2,556 3,016 1,757 3,102 1,217

35 to 44 years 14,488 341 1,267 968 1,718 2,260 1,667 3,803 2,466

45 to 54 years 14,041 307 1,084 879 1,509 2,301 1,640 3,687 2,633

55 to 64 years 10,401 244 743 656 1,153 1,742 1,134 2,727 2,003

65 years and older 2,445 123 247 192 264 328 254 558 480

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White 87,730 3,567 10,836 7,531 12,129 15,395 9,583 18,478 10,212

Women 37,727 1,950 5,571 3,741 5,763 7,036 4,036 6,742 2,888

Men 50,003 1,617 5,265 3,790 6,366 8,359 5,547 11,736 7,323

Black or African American 14,521 1,048 2,921 1,744 2,345 2,461 1,307 1,947 749

Women 7,593 632 1,612 957 1,225 1,273 676 904 313

Men 6,928 416 1,309 787 1,120 1,188 630 1,042 436

Asian 7,320 289 747 520 780 1,066 732 1,867 1,320

Women 3,306 170 405 304 405 541 332 747 401

Men 4,014 119 341 215 375 525 400 1,121 920

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 19,615 1,381 4,461 2,329 3,337 3,185 1,578 2,364 981

Women 7,719 735 2,040 966 1,193 1,209 549 767 259

Men 11,896 646 2,421 1,362 2,144 1,975 1,029 1,596 722

Table 6. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2017 annual averages [In 

thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 42

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; 

estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Characteristic Number of workers (in thousands) Median weekly earnings Standard error of median

Women

Total, all marital statuses 50,291 $770 $3

With children under 18 years old 17,301 777 5

With children 6 to 17, none younger 10,619 802 7

With children under 6 years old 6,682 743 7

With no children under 18 years old 32,990 767 3

Total, married, spouse present(1) 25,364 862 4

With children under 18 years old 11,357 887 6

With children 6 to 17, none younger 6,919 878 8

With children under 6 years old 4,437 902 10

With no children under 18 years old 14,007 842 5

Total, other marital statuses(2) 24,928 694 3

With children under 18 years old 5,945 628 5

With children 6 to 17, none younger 3,700 696 8

With children under 6 years old 2,245 555 10

With no children under 18 years old 18,983 717 4

Men

Total, all marital statuses 62,980 941 4

With children under 18 years old 21,868 1,059 8

With children 6 to 17, none younger 11,960 1,129 8

With children under 6 years old 9,909 988 8

With no children under 18 years old 41,112 887 4

Total, married, spouse present(1) 36,579 1,098 6

With children under 18 years old 19,139 1,120 7

With children 6 to 17, none younger 10,571 1,159 7

With children under 6 years old 8,568 1,049 11

Table 7. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by marital status and presence and age of own children under 18 years old, 

2017 annual averages

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 43

Footnotes

(1) Refers to people in opposite-sex married couples only.

(2) Includes people who are never married; widowed; divorced; separated; and married, spouse absent.

Note: Children refer to "own" children and include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Excluded are other related children such as grandchildren, nieces, nephews, and cousins, as well as unrelated children.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Characteristic Number of workers (in thousands) Median weekly earnings Standard error of median

With no children under 18 years old 17,440 1,076 8

Total, other marital statuses(2) 26,401 761 4

With children under 18 years old 2,729 762 10

With children 6 to 17, none younger 1,389 880 23

With children under 6 years old 1,341 688 14

With no children under 18 years old 23,672 761 4

Table 7. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by marital status and presence and age of own children under 18 years old, 

2017 annual averages

Characteristic

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

hourly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

hourly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

hourly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Age

Total, 16 years and older 80,439 $14.63 $0.05 40,658 $13.56 $0.06 39,781 $15.20 $0.04 89.2

16 to 24 years 15,974 10.68 0.04 7,965 10.28 0.04 8,009 10.99 0.04 93.5

16 to 19 years 4,660 9.79 0.02 2,409 9.59 0.10 2,252 9.88 0.03 97.1

20 to 24 years 11,314 11.35 0.08 5,557 11.00 0.04 5,757 11.88 0.04 92.6

25 years and older 64,465 15.65 0.05 32,693 14.83 0.02 31,772 17.00 0.05 87.2

25 to 34 years 19,269 14.83 0.03 9,350 14.00 0.06 9,919 15.15 0.04 92.4

35 to 44 years 14,620 16.10 0.06 7,188 14.92 0.05 7,432 17.89 0.07 83.4

45 to 54 years 14,793 16.72 0.11 7,641 15.16 0.05 7,152 18.74 0.22 80.9

55 to 64 years 11,865 16.82 0.11 6,361 15.21 0.10 5,504 18.60 0.21 81.8

65 years and older 3,918 14.32 0.21 2,153 13.88 0.17 1,766 14.93 0.11 93.0

Table 8. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected characteristics, 2017 annual averages

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 44

Characteristic

Total Women Men

Women's

earnings

as a

percentage

of men's

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

hourly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

hourly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

hourly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White 61,258 14.89 0.02 30,398 13.87 0.04 30,861 15.79 0.07 87.8

Black or African American 11,829 12.90 0.06 6,445 12.55 0.10 5,385 13.34 0.14 94.1

Asian 4,001 15.06 0.08 2,160 14.23 0.30 1,841 16.65 0.43 85.5

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 16,604 13.16 0.06 7,473 12.09 0.04 9,131 14.37 0.18 84.1

Marital Status

Never married 32,149 12.15 0.02 15,538 11.85 0.03 16,612 12.77 0.07 92.8

Married, spouse present(1) 35,317 16.64 0.08 17,212 15.13 0.03 18,106 18.16 0.07 83.3

Widowed, divorced, or separated(2) 12,973 14.97 0.04 7,909 14.14 0.08 5,064 16.22 0.18 87.2

Widowed 1,627 14.11 0.19 1,255 13.76 0.26 372 15.25 0.52 90.2

Divorced 8,165 15.55 0.15 4,873 14.88 0.06 3,292 17.20 0.22 86.5

Separated(2) 3,182 13.52 0.23 1,781 12.59 0.18 1,400 15.01 0.10 83.9

Union Affiliation(3)

Members of unions(4) 8,614 20.11 0.06 3,315 17.79 0.19 5,299 22.12 0.19 80.4

Represented by unions(5) 9,493 19.94 0.06 3,775 17.42 0.24 5,719 21.86 0.21 79.7

Not represented by a union 70,946 13.98 0.03 36,884 13.12 0.03 34,062 14.87 0.02 88.2

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and older 64,465 15.65 0.05 32,693 14.83 0.02 31,772 17.00 0.05 87.2

Less than a high school diploma 6,689 12.02 0.04 2,687 10.78 0.06 4,001 13.22 0.13 81.5

High school graduates, no college 21,809 14.94 0.03 9,749 13.13 0.05 12,060 16.66 0.13 78.8

Some college or associate degree 21,365 15.92 0.05 11,472 14.92 0.04 9,893 17.85 0.09 83.6

Bachelor's degree and higher 14,602 19.98 0.05 8,785 19.78 0.14 5,817 20.52 0.27 96.4

Table 8. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected characteristics, 2017 annual averages

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 45

Footnotes

(1) Refers to people in opposite-sex married couples only.

(2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent.

(3) Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, 

industry, and geographic region.

(4) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.

(5) Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; 

estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Characteristic Total

employed

Number of workers by hourly earnings

Under

$6.00

$6.00

to

$7.99

$8.00

to

$9.99

$10.00

to

$11.99

$12.00

to

$14.99

$15.00

to

$19.99

$20.00

or

more

Age

Total, 16 years and older 80,439 990 1,624 8,340 14,686 15,223 17,708 21,869

16 to 24 years 15,974 430 912 3,684 4,739 3,319 2,003 886

16 to 19 years 4,660 131 519 1,689 1,498 585 189 50

20 to 24 years 11,314 299 394 1,995 3,241 2,735 1,814 836

25 years and older 64,465 560 711 4,656 9,946 11,904 15,705 20,983

25 to 34 years 19,269 282 238 1,563 3,275 4,169 5,053 4,689

35 to 44 years 14,620 123 160 1,001 2,134 2,520 3,513 5,169

45 to 54 years 14,793 97 131 916 2,074 2,464 3,540 5,572

55 to 64 years 11,865 52 106 738 1,680 2,030 2,782 4,476

65 years and older 3,918 7 77 437 783 721 817 1,077

Women, 16 years and older 40,658 663 943 5,140 8,113 8,153 8,615 9,031

16 to 24 years 7,965 284 520 2,037 2,378 1,594 808 345

16 to 19 years 2,409 77 295 933 757 280 51 15

20 to 24 years 5,557 207 225 1,103 1,621 1,314 756 330

25 years and older 32,693 379 423 3,103 5,735 6,559 7,808 8,686

25 to 34 years 9,350 190 129 967 1,692 2,123 2,342 1,907

35 to 44 years 7,188 85 97 687 1,242 1,387 1,648 2,041

Table 9. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2017 annual averages 

[In thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 46

Characteristic Total

employed

Number of workers by hourly earnings

Under

$6.00

$6.00

to

$7.99

$8.00

to

$9.99

$10.00

to

$11.99

$12.00

to

$14.99

$15.00

to

$19.99

$20.00

or

more

45 to 54 years 7,641 65 90 664 1,308 1,396 1,852 2,266

55 to 64 years 6,361 34 61 512 1,072 1,224 1,495 1,964

65 years and older 2,153 5 46 272 420 429 471 509

Men, 16 years and older 39,781 327 681 3,200 6,573 7,070 9,093 12,838

16 to 24 years 8,009 146 392 1,647 2,362 1,725 1,196 541

16 to 19 years 2,252 54 223 756 741 305 138 35

20 to 24 years 5,757 91 169 892 1,620 1,421 1,058 506

25 years and older 31,772 181 289 1,553 4,211 5,345 7,897 12,297

25 to 34 years 9,919 92 108 596 1,583 2,047 2,711 2,782

35 to 44 years 7,432 38 63 314 892 1,132 1,865 3,129

45 to 54 years 7,152 32 40 252 766 1,067 1,689 3,306

55 to 64 years 5,504 18 45 226 608 806 1,287 2,512

65 years and older 1,766 1 31 165 363 292 346 568

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White 61,258 811 1,114 5,883 10,669 11,371 13,726 17,685

Women 30,398 560 638 3,629 5,908 6,017 6,506 7,140

Men 30,861 251 476 2,253 4,761 5,355 7,220 10,545

Black or African American 11,829 93 392 1,766 2,485 2,487 2,469 2,137

Women 6,445 48 236 1,081 1,347 1,389 1,336 1,007

Men 5,385 46 155 684 1,138 1,098 1,133 1,130

Asian 4,001 41 56 305 749 725 766 1,359

Women 2,160 28 35 189 453 412 411 632

Men 1,841 14 21 116 296 313 355 727

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 16,604 148 311 1,709 3,953 3,578 3,649 3,255

Women 7,473 94 180 1,058 2,043 1,641 1,415 1,041

Men 9,131 55 131 651 1,910 1,936 2,235 2,214

Table 9. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2017 annual averages 

[In thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 47

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; 

estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Characteristic

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

Age

Total, 16 years and older 80,439 1,282 542 1,824 2.3

16 to 24 years 15,974 569 321 891 5.6

16 to 19 years 4,660 215 172 388 8.3

20 to 24 years 11,314 354 149 503 4.4

25 years and older 64,465 712 221 933 1.4

25 to 34 years 19,269 338 76 415 2.2

35 to 44 years 14,620 162 47 210 1.4

45 to 54 years 14,793 121 38 158 1.1

55 to 64 years 11,865 62 42 105 0.9

65 years and older 3,918 29 18 46 1.2

Women, 16 years and older 40,658 829 316 1,146 2.8

16 to 24 years 7,965 371 190 562 7.1

16 to 19 years 2,409 134 107 241 10.0

20 to 24 years 5,557 237 83 320 5.8

25 years and older 32,693 458 126 584 1.8

25 to 34 years 9,350 222 38 260 2.8

35 to 44 years 7,188 104 29 133 1.9

45 to 54 years 7,641 77 25 102 1.3

55 to 64 years 6,361 42 22 65 1.0

Table 10. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, by selected demographic 

characteristics, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 48

Characteristic

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

65 years and older 2,153 13 12 25 1.1

Men, 16 years and older 39,781 452 226 678 1.7

16 to 24 years 8,009 198 131 329 4.1

16 to 19 years 2,252 81 65 146 6.5

20 to 24 years 5,757 117 65 183 3.2

25 years and older 31,772 254 95 349 1.1

25 to 34 years 9,919 117 38 155 1.6

35 to 44 years 7,432 59 18 77 1.0

45 to 54 years 7,152 43 13 56 0.8

55 to 64 years 5,504 20 20 40 0.7

65 years and older 1,766 16 6 21 1.2

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White 61,258 1,016 359 1,375 2.2

Women 30,398 680 205 885 2.9

Men 30,861 336 154 490 1.6

Black or African American 11,829 155 146 301 2.5

Women 6,445 79 88 166 2.6

Men 5,385 76 58 135 2.5

Asian 4,001 56 14 70 1.7

Women 2,160 37 10 47 2.2

Men 1,841 19 4 23 1.3

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 16,604 200 101 301 1.8

Women 7,473 123 53 176 2.4

Men 9,131 77 48 124 1.4

Table 10. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, by selected demographic 

characteristics, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 49

Footnotes

(1) The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data do not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple 

jobholders.

Note: See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers. Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and 

Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Characteristic

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

Full- and Part-time Status(1)

Full-time workers 60,205 510 130 640 1.1

Women 27,397 303 71 375 1.4

Men 32,808 207 59 265 0.8

Part-time workers 20,139 769 412 1,181 5.9

Women 13,219 524 245 769 5.8

Men 6,921 245 167 412 5.9

Table 10. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, by selected demographic 

characteristics, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]

Year

Total

wage

and

salary

workers

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Percentage

of total

wage

and

salary

workers

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

Total

Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, 1979–2017 annual averages 

[Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 50

Year

Total

wage

and

salary

workers

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Percentage

of total

wage

and

salary

workers

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

1979 87,529 51,721 59.1 2,916 3,997 6,912 13.4

1980 87,644 51,335 58.6 3,087 4,686 7,773 15.1

1981 88,516 51,869 58.6 3,513 4,311 7,824 15.1

1982 87,368 50,846 58.2 2,348 4,148 6,496 12.8

1983 88,290 51,820 58.7 2,077 4,261 6,338 12.2

1984 92,194 54,143 58.7 1,838 4,125 5,963 11.0

1985 94,521 55,762 59.0 1,639 3,899 5,538 9.9

1986 96,903 57,529 59.4 1,599 3,461 5,060 8.8

1987 99,303 59,552 60.0 1,468 3,229 4,698 7.9

1988 101,407 60,878 60.0 1,319 2,608 3,927 6.5

1989 103,480 62,389 60.3 1,372 1,790 3,162 5.1

1990 104,876 63,172 60.2 2,132 1,096 3,228 5.1

1991 103,723 62,627 60.4 2,377 2,906 5,283 8.4

1992 104,668 63,610 60.8 1,939 2,982 4,921 7.7

1993 106,101 64,274 60.6 1,707 2,625 4,332 6.7

1994 107,989 66,549 61.6 1,995 2,132 4,128 6.2

1995 110,038 68,354 62.1 1,699 1,956 3,656 5.3

1996 111,960 69,255 61.9 1,863 1,861 3,724 5.4

1997 114,533 70,735 61.8 2,990 1,764 4,754 6.7

1998 116,730 71,440 61.2 2,834 1,593 4,427 6.2

1999 118,963 72,306 60.8 2,194 1,146 3,340 4.6

2000 122,089 73,496 60.2 1,752 898 2,650 3.6

2001 122,229 73,392 60.0 1,518 656 2,174 3.0

2002 121,826 72,508 59.5 1,579 567 2,146 3.0

2003 122,358 72,946 59.6 1,555 545 2,100 2.9

Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, 1979–2017 annual averages 

[Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 51

Year

Total

wage

and

salary

workers

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Percentage

of total

wage

and

salary

workers

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

2004 123,554 73,939 59.8 1,483 520 2,003 2.7

2005 125,889 75,609 60.1 1,403 479 1,882 2.5

2006 128,237 76,514 59.7 1,283 409 1,692 2.2

2007 129,767 75,873 58.5 1,462 267 1,729 2.3

2008 129,377 75,305 58.2 1,940 286 2,226 3.0

2009 124,490 72,611 58.3 2,592 980 3,572 4.9

2010 124,073 72,902 58.8 2,541 1,820 4,361 6.0

2011 125,187 73,926 59.1 2,152 1,677 3,829 5.2

2012 127,577 75,276 59.0 1,984 1,566 3,550 4.7

2013 129,110 75,948 58.8 1,768 1,532 3,301 4.3

2014 131,431 77,207 58.7 1,737 1,255 2,992 3.9

2015 133,743 78,232 58.5 1,691 870 2,561 3.3

2016 136,101 79,883 58.7 1,451 701 2,153 2.7

2017 137,890 80,439 58.3 1,282 542 1,824 2.3

Women

1979 38,129 23,329 61.2 2,070 2,644 4,714 20.2

1980 38,944 23,626 60.7 2,104 2,990 5,095 21.6

1981 39,672 24,294 61.2 2,394 2,778 5,172 21.3

1982 39,777 24,365 61.3 1,651 2,561 4,212 17.3

1983 40,433 24,989 61.8 1,492 2,603 4,095 16.4

1984 42,172 26,003 61.7 1,348 2,499 3,847 14.8

1985 43,506 26,869 61.8 1,198 2,356 3,554 13.2

1986 44,961 27,863 62.0 1,192 2,125 3,317 11.9

1987 46,365 29,078 62.7 1,105 1,946 3,051 10.5

1988 47,495 29,820 62.8 1,008 1,542 2,550 8.6

Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, 1979–2017 annual averages 

[Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 52

Year

Total

wage

and

salary

workers

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Percentage

of total

wage

and

salary

workers

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

1989 48,691 30,702 63.1 994 1,056 2,050 6.7

1990 49,323 31,069 63.0 1,420 711 2,131 6.9

1991 49,105 30,988 63.1 1,582 1,792 3,374 10.9

1992 49,842 31,454 63.1 1,286 1,751 3,036 9.7

1993 50,626 31,937 63.1 1,133 1,534 2,667 8.4

1994 51,419 33,021 64.2 1,322 1,241 2,563 7.8

1995 52,369 33,934 64.8 1,157 1,161 2,318 6.8

1996 53,488 34,418 64.3 1,244 1,106 2,350 6.8

1997 54,708 35,214 64.4 1,843 1,092 2,935 8.3

1998 55,757 35,680 64.0 1,794 965 2,760 7.7

1999 57,050 36,233 63.5 1,426 700 2,126 5.9

2000 58,427 36,777 62.9 1,170 579 1,749 4.8

2001 58,582 36,848 62.9 1,021 409 1,430 3.9

2002 58,555 36,508 62.3 997 350 1,347 3.7

2003 59,122 37,093 62.7 1,062 332 1,394 3.8

2004 59,408 37,133 62.5 1,013 310 1,323 3.6

2005 60,423 37,957 62.8 944 290 1,234 3.3

2006 61,426 38,321 62.4 861 263 1,124 2.9

2007 62,299 38,082 61.1 1,002 181 1,183 3.1

2008 62,532 37,972 60.7 1,302 196 1,498 3.9

2009 60,951 37,426 61.4 1,603 612 2,215 5.9

2010 60,542 37,404 61.8 1,598 1,151 2,749 7.3

2011 60,502 37,469 61.9 1,366 1,029 2,395 6.4

2012 61,679 38,163 61.9 1,288 999 2,287 6.0

2013 62,316 38,404 61.6 1,148 910 2,058 5.4

Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, 1979–2017 annual averages 

[Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 53

Year

Total

wage

and

salary

workers

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Percentage

of total

wage

and

salary

workers

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

2014 63,383 38,802 61.2 1,139 739 1,878 4.8

2015 64,445 39,500 61.3 1,062 540 1,602 4.1

2016 65,512 40,315 61.5 952 432 1,384 3.4

2017 66,421 40,658 61.2 829 316 1,146 2.8

Men

1979 49,400 28,392 57.5 846 1,353 2,199 7.7

1980 48,700 27,709 56.9 983 1,696 2,678 9.7

1981 48,844 27,576 56.5 1,119 1,533 2,652 9.6

1982 47,591 26,481 55.6 697 1,587 2,284 8.6

1983 47,856 26,831 56.1 585 1,658 2,243 8.4

1984 50,022 28,140 56.3 490 1,626 2,116 7.5

1985 51,015 28,893 56.6 440 1,544 1,984 6.9

1986 51,942 29,666 57.1 408 1,336 1,743 5.9

1987 52,938 30,474 57.6 364 1,283 1,647 5.4

1988 53,912 31,058 57.6 311 1,066 1,377 4.4

1989 54,789 31,687 57.8 379 733 1,112 3.5

1990 55,553 32,104 57.8 712 385 1,097 3.4

1991 54,618 31,639 57.9 795 1,114 1,909 6.0

1992 54,826 32,155 58.6 653 1,231 1,885 5.9

1993 55,475 32,337 58.3 573 1,091 1,664 5.1

1994 56,570 33,528 59.3 674 891 1,565 4.7

1995 57,669 34,420 59.7 542 796 1,338 3.9

1996 58,473 34,838 59.6 619 755 1,374 3.9

1997 59,825 35,521 59.4 1,147 673 1,820 5.1

1998 60,973 35,761 58.7 1,039 628 1,667 4.7

Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, 1979–2017 annual averages 

[Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 54

Footnotes

(1) Data for 1990-91, 1996-97, and 2007-09 reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place in those years.

Year

Total

wage

and

salary

workers

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Percentage

of total

wage

and

salary

workers

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

At 

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage(1)

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

1999 61,914 36,073 58.3 768 446 1,214 3.4

2000 63,662 36,720 57.7 582 319 901 2.5

2001 63,647 36,544 57.4 497 247 744 2.0

2002 63,272 36,000 56.9 582 217 799 2.2

2003 63,236 35,853 56.7 493 213 706 2.0

2004 64,145 36,806 57.4 470 210 680 1.8

2005 65,466 37,652 57.5 459 189 648 1.7

2006 66,811 38,193 57.2 422 146 568 1.5

2007 67,468 37,790 56.0 460 86 546 1.4

2008 66,846 37,334 55.9 638 90 728 1.9

2009 63,539 35,185 55.4 990 368 1,358 3.9

2010 63,531 35,498 55.9 943 669 1,612 4.5

2011 64,686 36,457 56.4 785 648 1,433 3.9

2012 65,898 37,113 56.3 696 567 1,263 3.4

2013 66,794 37,544 56.2 621 622 1,243 3.3

2014 68,048 38,405 56.4 598 516 1,114 2.9

2015 69,298 38,732 55.9 629 330 959 2.5

2016 70,589 39,568 56.1 499 270 769 1.9

2017 71,469 39,781 55.7 452 226 678 1.7

Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, 1979–2017 annual averages 

[Numbers in thousands]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 55

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and older

1979 62.3 78.6 85.2 76.3 62.1 67.5 58.3 56.8 60.6 77.6

1980 64.2 80.3 89.5 78.1 62.8 69.4 58.3 56.9 59.4 76.4

1981 64.4 82.6 91.7 80.6 62.6 70.3 59.9 56.8 58.9 71.1

1982 65.7 85.3 92.9 82.4 64.9 72.1 61.1 60.1 61.4 70.3

1983 66.5 88.8 94.0 85.5 65.8 73.3 61.5 59.5 61.8 68.8

1984 67.6 87.9 93.1 85.2 67.1 74.6 62.0 59.4 61.5 66.8

1985 68.1 87.6 90.7 85.7 66.8 75.1 63.0 59.7 61.0 65.9

1986 69.5 89.0 91.4 87.5 66.5 76.1 63.9 60.9 61.2 71.5

1987 69.8 88.3 87.8 88.0 67.3 76.7 66.1 62.3 62.2 68.7

1988 70.2 89.7 89.8 90.0 68.8 77.7 68.5 61.7 62.3 70.9

1989 70.1 90.8 94.3 89.7 70.2 78.3 68.3 62.7 63.9 74.3

1990 71.9 90.1 90.8 90.3 72.1 79.3 69.6 63.8 63.7 74.4

1991 74.2 93.3 93.6 93.3 74.0 81.0 70.7 65.0 64.5 68.3

1992 75.8 94.0 94.0 94.3 74.6 82.0 71.9 65.8 64.9 77.9

1993 77.1 94.8 92.8 95.4 74.8 83.0 73.0 67.4 67.4 74.3

1994 76.4 93.9 92.5 94.5 73.1 82.9 72.6 67.1 66.0 76.2

1995 75.5 90.8 88.1 92.4 72.8 82.2 72.6 67.7 64.7 80.0

1996 75.0 92.5 88.8 92.8 74.1 83.2 73.3 68.9 65.3 70.0

1997 74.4 92.1 91.6 90.5 75.1 82.9 74.0 69.4 64.7 77.0

1998 76.3 91.3 88.6 89.4 75.9 82.9 73.6 70.5 68.1 72.6

1999 76.5 91.0 91.4 90.5 74.4 81.5 71.7 70.0 67.9 78.7

2000 76.9 91.7 92.5 92.7 74.5 82.4 71.6 73.2 69.1 75.1

2001 76.4 90.3 90.3 91.9 75.4 83.0 72.5 73.5 70.5 69.0

2002 77.9 93.9 94.6 93.9 77.6 84.5 75.2 74.6 71.6 73.8

2003 79.4 93.2 93.1 93.9 78.5 86.9 76.1 73.0 72.7 71.1

2004 80.4 93.8 92.1 93.8 78.6 87.8 75.6 72.9 73.0 74.6

Table 12. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2017

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 56

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 22.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and older

2005 81.0 93.2 92.1 93.8 79.4 89.0 75.5 75.5 74.7 76.4

2006 80.8 94.5 87.6 94.9 78.7 88.2 77.2 73.5 72.9 77.5

2007 80.2 92.3 89.1 90.3 78.5 86.9 76.5 74.5 72.8 77.8

2008 79.9 91.1 87.3 92.5 78.2 88.5 74.5 74.9 75.4 74.8

2009 80.2 92.6 90.7 92.9 78.7 88.7 77.4 73.6 75.3 76.1

2010 81.2 95.3 94.6 93.8 80.5 90.8 79.9 76.5 75.2 75.7

2011 82.2 92.5 88.6 93.2 81.0 92.3 78.5 76.0 75.1 80.9

2012 80.9 88.9 88.5 89.0 79.9 90.2 78.1 75.1 76.2 77.6

2013 82.1 88.3 89.7 89.8 81.1 89.4 80.2 76.6 77.1 73.7

2014 82.5 91.5 91.1 92.3 81.6 89.9 81.0 77.2 76.4 78.6

2015 81.1 88.2 89.4 89.7 80.4 89.6 81.8 76.8 73.7 73.8

2016 81.9 94.9 92.6 95.6 80.9 88.8 83.3 77.8 73.7 75.5

2017 81.8 91.2 87.6 90.2 81.3 88.2 81.0 77.5 78.0 77.0

Table 12. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2017

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino ethnicity

1979 62.3 61.7 74.4 - 71.7

1980 64.2 63.4 75.8 - 73.5

1981 64.4 63.1 76.9 - 75.7

1982 65.7 64.5 78.1 - 75.5

1983 66.5 65.6 78.9 - 78.5

1984 67.6 66.8 79.5 - 77.7

1985 68.1 67.2 82.6 - 77.7

1986 69.5 67.9 82.8 - 80.6

Table 13. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2017

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 57

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino ethnicity

1987 69.8 68.2 84.4 - 82.0

1988 70.2 68.4 82.8 - 84.4

1989 70.1 69.3 86.5 - 85.4

1990 71.9 71.5 85.3 - 87.4

1991 74.2 73.7 86.1 - 90.4

1992 75.8 75.3 88.2 - 89.1

1993 77.1 76.5 88.8 - 90.5

1994 76.4 74.6 86.5 - 88.9

1995 75.5 73.3 86.4 - 87.1

1996 75.0 73.8 87.9 - 88.8

1997 74.4 74.6 86.8 - 85.7

1998 76.3 76.1 85.5 - 86.4

1999 76.5 75.7 83.8 - 85.7

2000 76.9 75.8 84.1 79.9 87.8

2001 76.4 75.8 85.8 76.9 88.2

2002 77.9 77.9 90.3 74.9 88.0

2003 79.4 79.3 88.5 77.5 88.4

2004 80.4 79.8 88.8 76.4 87.3

2005 81.0 80.2 89.3 80.6 87.7

2006 80.8 80.0 87.8 79.3 87.1

2007 80.2 79.4 88.8 78.1 91.0

2008 79.9 79.3 89.4 78.0 89.6

2009 80.2 79.2 93.7 81.8 89.5

2010 81.2 80.5 93.5 82.6 90.7

2011 82.2 82.1 91.1 77.4 90.7

2012 80.9 80.8 90.1 73.0 88.0

2013 82.1 81.7 91.3 77.3 91.1

2014 82.5 81.8 89.9 77.9 89.0

2015 81.1 80.8 90.4 77.7 89.7

2016 81.9 81.3 89.3 78.4 88.4

2017 81.8 81.9 92.5 74.8 87.4

Table 13. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2017

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 58

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 23. As of 2003, 

estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who 

reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not 

tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher

1979 62.1 60.3 60.1 64.1 66.7

1980 62.8 61.4 61.5 64.5 67.9

1981 62.6 61.2 61.0 65.6 66.9

1982 64.9 62.8 63.1 66.7 68.8

1983 65.8 64.8 63.4 68.2 71.2

1984 67.1 64.9 64.9 68.4 69.4

1985 66.8 64.3 65.8 67.2 70.2

1986 66.5 64.8 66.6 68.0 70.6

1987 67.3 66.0 68.1 69.8 71.4

1988 68.8 66.6 68.2 71.6 71.4

1989 70.2 66.8 67.6 73.3 71.9

1990 72.1 68.8 68.6 72.9 72.2

1991 74.0 71.6 69.8 72.6 73.6

1992 74.6 72.9 70.4 73.3 75.1

1993 74.8 73.9 71.3 73.8 75.8

1994 73.1 75.1 70.8 72.1 76.8

1995 72.8 75.5 70.2 71.6 76.2

1996 74.1 75.1 70.7 73.2 75.2

1997 75.1 75.3 70.7 73.9 75.0

1998 75.9 73.9 70.8 74.0 75.3

1999 74.4 73.4 69.8 73.4 75.7

2000 74.5 74.9 71.1 73.1 74.1

2001 75.4 75.4 72.7 71.9 73.7

2002 77.6 77.2 74.2 74.3 74.2

2003 78.5 76.7 75.5 75.7 73.6

Table 14. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979–2017

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 59

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older in 

table 24.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher

2004 78.6 74.9 75.7 75.8 75.2

2005 79.4 74.9 75.6 76.6 75.7

2006 78.7 76.3 73.7 75.6 75.1

2007 78.5 76.7 74.3 75.2 75.0

2008 78.2 76.1 73.3 75.7 74.3

2009 78.7 76.4 75.7 75.4 73.1

2010 80.5 79.8 76.5 75.5 74.1

2011 81.0 80.9 76.9 76.8 74.9

2012 79.9 76.0 76.3 76.9 73.0

2013 81.1 80.0 78.3 76.6 74.8

2014 81.6 79.1 77.0 75.8 75.7

2015 80.4 80.4 77.2 75.2 74.9

2016 80.9 76.8 77.9 76.8 75.2

2017 81.3 76.5 76.5 76.3 76.4

Table 14. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979–2017

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

1979 64.1 81.8 95.0 75.9 58.3 63.3 55.8 54.1 56.9 87.6

1980 64.8 84.1 93.2 77.0 58.7 64.1 54.9 54.4 56.4 89.2

1981 65.1 86.1 96.7 80.0 60.3 66.7 57.5 54.1 56.2 88.1

1982 67.3 86.3 97.0 81.8 62.1 67.7 57.1 55.7 59.0 88.1

1983 69.4 87.2 96.7 84.4 62.9 70.3 57.6 56.7 58.0 87.6

1984 69.8 86.0 96.5 84.5 63.7 71.1 59.0 56.9 59.5 89.0

1985 70.0 85.7 96.3 87.2 64.7 72.4 60.3 57.8 60.4 88.8

Table 15. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2017

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 60

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

1986 70.2 85.8 95.5 86.7 66.0 74.1 61.4 59.0 60.3 91.3

1987 72.1 85.9 93.9 86.1 67.2 74.3 62.9 61.3 62.0 91.2

1988 73.8 89.1 94.4 87.2 68.7 75.6 66.1 61.6 62.4 92.8

1989 75.4 90.7 93.4 86.9 69.8 78.0 67.0 63.4 63.8 87.1

1990 77.9 91.0 93.8 90.1 71.8 79.4 68.7 64.3 66.2 89.6

1991 78.6 91.0 97.9 91.7 73.5 80.4 70.4 65.0 68.9 92.6

1992 80.3 91.3 97.7 92.5 76.0 82.6 73.1 66.1 69.3 92.6

1993 80.4 91.7 97.1 94.2 77.3 83.6 73.1 67.3 69.0 92.1

1994 80.6 90.5 97.0 91.2 78.2 85.5 73.4 69.9 70.7 94.0

1995 80.8 90.9 96.1 89.3 76.1 83.7 72.6 70.8 71.4 94.2

1996 81.2 92.1 97.0 89.6 78.2 83.1 74.6 72.1 72.4 91.6

1997 80.8 92.2 96.6 91.2 78.8 82.7 75.7 72.3 70.5 98.1

1998 81.8 90.3 96.7 89.1 77.9 86.1 77.4 75.0 72.4 93.2

1999 83.8 92.7 96.8 89.9 79.4 83.9 76.9 72.7 76.4 95.4

2000 83.8 91.7 93.8 93.0 80.8 88.3 76.3 73.2 76.8 94.7

2001 85.2 90.5 95.8 89.7 79.2 85.8 75.0 76.1 80.2 90.4

2002 85.0 92.5 96.9 91.3 82.1 85.1 78.7 77.6 80.8 89.3

2003 84.8 93.2 97.6 91.0 83.1 87.5 79.1 79.0 78.4 90.3

2004 84.6 93.9 95.9 91.7 81.7 88.3 78.4 79.1 79.6 92.5

2005 84.8 92.6 96.0 92.4 83.2 89.2 79.6 80.2 80.2 97.8

2006 84.0 90.9 95.7 90.5 83.2 87.6 80.0 76.4 80.6 93.0

2007 84.8 89.3 95.4 90.4 81.7 87.4 81.5 79.6 79.2 92.2

2008 85.4 91.2 96.6 91.6 83.0 87.0 80.5 78.2 81.8 91.6

2009 85.5 93.1 97.1 92.0 84.7 90.6 80.7 77.0 84.5 92.6

2010 86.0 93.6 97.8 91.7 85.6 91.9 82.9 79.9 83.2 93.8

2011 86.8 94.6 97.5 92.5 86.7 92.0 83.8 81.5 82.2 91.5

2012 86.4 93.0 97.9 92.0 86.8 91.5 83.9 81.2 83.1 90.9

2013 86.6 92.3 96.7 94.0 87.5 91.1 84.9 81.2 84.1 94.9

2014 84.6 92.4 96.1 96.3 85.7 87.0 84.6 81.2 81.3 89.2

Table 15. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2017

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 61

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information on historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of workers paid hourly rates in table 25.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

2015 85.6 95.1 97.5 93.5 87.8 91.0 85.7 84.3 82.1 89.5

2016 87.0 97.7 95.7 91.9 87.6 88.2 85.8 83.0 83.7 88.1

2017 89.2 93.5 97.1 92.6 87.2 92.4 83.4 80.9 81.8 93.0

Table 15. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2017

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1979 64.1 62.5 72.6 - 71.8

1980 64.8 63.6 74.9 - 75.1

1981 65.1 63.8 72.1 - 76.4

1982 67.3 66.0 75.2 - 75.6

1983 69.4 68.0 79.2 - 76.1

1984 69.8 68.6 79.1 - 77.0

1985 70.0 67.8 82.0 - 79.4

1986 70.2 68.8 78.7 - 80.8

1987 72.1 70.9 80.1 - 80.2

1988 73.8 72.7 80.8 - 81.1

1989 75.4 74.0 83.2 - 83.0

1990 77.9 75.6 84.5 - 86.1

1991 78.6 76.6 86.5 - 86.9

1992 80.3 78.6 87.1 - 88.3

1993 80.4 78.9 89.6 - 88.6

1994 80.6 79.7 87.5 - 89.3

Table 16. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–

2017

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 62

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1995 80.8 78.4 87.3 - 90.9

1996 81.2 79.6 88.0 - 88.8

1997 80.8 80.3 87.5 - 86.3

1998 81.8 81.8 86.9 - 87.6

1999 83.8 82.3 83.2 - 86.6

2000 83.8 83.0 88.8 90.5 87.3

2001 85.2 83.8 89.9 85.1 85.6

2002 85.0 83.8 92.3 91.7 86.1

2003 84.8 84.0 91.7 89.8 88.5

2004 84.6 84.0 91.3 88.8 90.2

2005 84.8 84.2 91.1 91.3 90.1

2006 84.0 83.6 88.5 90.7 87.6

2007 84.8 83.7 90.3 89.5 88.5

2008 85.4 84.5 89.9 87.3 85.1

2009 85.5 84.8 89.7 90.4 84.6

2010 86.0 85.0 92.1 88.0 86.2

2011 86.8 85.9 93.5 89.8 86.8

2012 86.4 85.3 92.0 90.1 85.4

2013 86.6 85.7 94.9 91.6 87.5

2014 84.6 83.3 94.8 90.2 86.6

2015 85.6 85.9 92.4 92.8 85.8

2016 87.0 87.2 92.6 93.6 85.2

2017 89.2 87.8 94.1 85.5 84.1

Table 16. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–

2017

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 63

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in table 26. As of 2003, 

estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who 

reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not 

tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

Total

1979 $760 $543 $454 $587 $836 $804 $883 $871 $826 $625

1980 744 531 438 568 812 784 858 847 810 577

1981 738 519 418 553 800 769 847 831 803 577

1982 738 509 401 538 800 760 866 844 795 619

1983 735 495 385 523 805 754 869 862 812 613

1984 734 489 381 520 815 755 876 867 824 613

1985 749 488 379 523 826 760 885 871 830 647

1986 769 497 381 531 837 771 897 891 850 638

1987 774 503 385 536 834 772 901 888 839 642

1988 768 497 391 531 826 764 898 904 836 645

1989 764 496 391 529 818 755 904 904 826 640

1990 752 491 381 520 819 743 887 892 834 626

1991 750 488 375 512 822 731 877 893 826 671

1992 756 474 364 498 823 725 864 897 830 649

1993 769 472 358 497 822 730 866 908 824 658

1994 767 470 363 493 821 721 882 929 823 631

1995 768 468 370 490 817 723 881 933 824 623

1996 764 465 374 487 811 722 872 927 835 599

1997 768 467 385 490 824 734 884 927 852 600

1998 789 481 404 511 863 757 900 935 893 611

1999 810 503 414 535 873 764 901 962 891 596

2000 822 515 424 546 869 783 892 954 884 660

Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2017 annual averages [In constant 2017 

dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 64

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

2001 828 521 424 547 875 800 912 962 886 678

2002 831 520 417 545 883 807 913 964 921 686

2003 829 517 416 537 885 794 918 967 947 690

2004 830 507 402 528 888 785 927 966 943 728

2005 819 499 400 517 875 767 919 941 933 716

2006 818 499 395 516 876 757 912 943 933 711

2007 823 502 399 533 874 762 911 936 951 717

2008 824 506 398 533 869 760 918 938 942 735

2009 847 506 394 532 887 777 936 960 963 784

2010 841 486 391 511 881 768 928 950 968 770

2011 825 480 384 499 870 757 914 945 962 810

2012 821 475 381 496 872 756 918 939 959 810

2013 818 478 393 497 871 746 921 930 953 844

2014 820 494 392 509 869 752 913 932 944 854

2015 837 504 403 519 890 761 932 955 960 904

2016 850 512 414 524 904 767 954 975 972 885

2017 860 519 424 540 907 773 964 977 974 909

Women

1979 $574 $486 $416 $508 $615 $628 $618 $606 $596 $536

1980 571 474 412 497 605 619 608 594 582 497

1981 569 468 400 496 605 621 618 584 577 491

1982 584 469 386 491 623 631 631 616 599 516

1983 592 465 371 486 629 638 638 620 603 498

1984 597 457 365 480 637 642 658 628 608 493

1985 603 460 362 481 645 645 669 636 621 527

1986 623 469 364 495 660 655 683 660 634 548

1987 627 470 356 501 665 654 698 671 638 540

1988 629 469 367 501 669 653 707 677 633 559

1989 628 471 377 498 672 651 709 684 638 559

1990 631 464 361 491 673 650 712 688 635 547

Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2017 annual averages [In constant 2017 

dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 65

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

1991 644 468 361 493 681 653 717 701 639 562

1992 653 459 352 481 687 656 718 716 646 564

1993 658 457 343 484 695 662 729 737 662 561

1994 655 453 346 476 691 652 736 739 654 552

1995 651 441 345 466 686 646 726 744 646 566

1996 652 443 348 465 693 647 722 750 655 521

1997 658 446 366 467 705 652 736 756 661 531

1998 688 460 376 481 732 680 751 778 718 528

1999 698 478 392 506 733 693 742 788 726 546

2000 703 491 404 522 736 703 743 805 725 559

2001 711 490 400 521 754 711 760 815 744 542

2002 723 501 403 526 776 724 780 822 784 587

2003 738 496 400 517 781 730 789 814 803 582

2004 745 488 381 508 779 730 791 813 800 622

2005 736 479 382 498 770 721 781 810 804 619

2006 732 482 372 504 765 711 787 804 802 622

2007 727 485 377 505 765 707 791 802 805 633

2008 728 479 368 508 765 711 779 807 812 643

2009 753 486 370 510 787 726 812 816 833 690

2010 753 475 378 494 793 730 823 822 829 677

2011 747 460 358 478 784 723 801 812 818 725

2012 739 445 353 459 778 712 799 798 819 713

2013 744 446 369 466 780 701 808 802 821 728

2014 745 467 370 485 779 704 809 808 808 767

2015 752 466 377 484 788 714 832 827 812 766

2016 765 496 396 511 801 720 857 854 829 765

2017 770 499 402 514 810 724 860 855 856 782

Men

1979 $921 $618 $489 $666 $991 $931 $1,060 $1,066 $984 $691

1980 889 591 460 636 963 892 1,043 1,043 980 651

Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2017 annual averages [In constant 2017 

dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 66

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

1981 883 566 436 616 966 883 1,031 1,029 979 691

1982 890 550 416 597 961 875 1,032 1,024 976 733

1983 890 523 394 568 955 871 1,038 1,042 977 723

1984 883 520 392 563 950 860 1,061 1,059 989 739

1985 887 525 399 562 965 858 1,061 1,065 1,017 800

1986 897 527 398 565 991 861 1,069 1,084 1,036 767

1987 899 532 406 569 988 853 1,056 1,077 1,025 787

1988 896 523 409 557 972 840 1,032 1,096 1,016 788

1989 897 519 400 556 958 831 1,038 1,090 998 753

1990 878 515 398 544 934 819 1,022 1,078 996 735

1991 868 502 386 528 921 806 1,014 1,077 991 822

1992 861 488 375 510 921 801 998 1,089 995 723

1993 854 482 370 508 930 797 998 1,094 982 755

1994 857 483 374 504 946 787 1,013 1,102 990 724

1995 862 486 391 505 942 785 1,000 1,098 998 707

1996 869 479 392 501 934 778 986 1,089 1,003 744

1997 884 484 400 516 939 786 994 1,089 1,021 690

1998 902 504 424 538 964 821 1,021 1,104 1,054 727

1999 912 525 429 559 985 851 1,035 1,125 1,069 693

2000 914 535 437 563 989 853 1,039 1,100 1,049 745

2001 931 543 443 567 1,000 857 1,047 1,110 1,056 785

2002 928 534 426 560 1,000 857 1,037 1,102 1,096 796

2003 929 532 429 551 995 840 1,036 1,115 1,106 818

2004 927 520 414 542 991 831 1,046 1,114 1,096 834

2005 908 514 415 531 970 810 1,034 1,073 1,075 810

2006 906 510 424 530 972 806 1,020 1,094 1,100 802

2007 908 525 423 559 975 814 1,034 1,077 1,105 813

2008 911 526 421 549 978 804 1,045 1,078 1,076 860

2009 938 525 408 549 1,000 819 1,049 1,108 1,105 906

2010 928 499 400 527 984 804 1,030 1,074 1,102 894

Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2017 annual averages [In constant 2017 

dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 67

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes 

section. 

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

2011 908 497 404 513 967 783 1,021 1,069 1,088 896

2012 913 501 399 516 973 789 1,024 1,063 1,075 920

2013 906 505 411 518 961 784 1,007 1,047 1,065 987

2014 903 511 406 525 955 782 999 1,048 1,058 976

2015 927 528 421 540 980 797 1,018 1,077 1,101 1,038

2016 935 523 428 534 990 811 1,029 1,098 1,126 1,013

2017 941 547 459 570 996 821 1,062 1,103 1,098 1,016

Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2017 annual averages [In constant 2017 

dollars]

Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total

1979 $760 $782 $628 - $612

1980 744 764 602 - 594

1981 738 756 610 - 579

1982 738 758 599 - 587

1983 735 751 613 - 587

1984 734 757 606 - 583

1985 749 776 603 - 588

1986 769 794 623 - 593

1987 774 795 623 - 590

1988 768 788 627 - 579

1989 764 784 611 - 571

1990 752 774 600 - 555

1991 750 778 613 - 549

Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2017 

annual averages [In constant 2017 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 68

Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1992 756 787 613 - 552

1993 769 796 618 - 554

1994 767 795 609 - 532

1995 768 792 614 - 527

1996 764 789 604 - 529

1997 768 792 611 - 536

1998 789 822 643 - 558

1999 810 845 656 - 568

2000 822 842 676 $877 569

2001 828 847 682 888 579

2002 831 851 680 899 579

2003 829 850 687 926 588

2004 830 854 683 921 593

2005 819 845 654 947 592

2006 818 841 676 956 593

2007 823 848 674 983 596

2008 824 847 672 983 604

2009 847 867 688 1,008 620

2010 841 861 688 963 602

2011 825 846 671 945 599

2012 821 847 664 984 607

2013 818 845 663 993 609

2014 820 846 662 988 616

2015 837 864 664 1,028 625

2016 850 880 693 1,043 637

2017 860 890 682 1,043 655

Women

1979 $574 $580 $533 - $495

1980 571 577 526 - 489

1981 569 574 535 - 494

1982 584 592 531 - 496

Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2017 

annual averages [In constant 2017 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 69

Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1983 592 596 545 - 505

1984 597 604 543 - 502

1985 603 612 549 - 501

1986 623 630 565 - 516

1987 627 636 571 - 520

1988 629 635 575 - 519

1989 628 640 577 - 515

1990 631 644 562 - 507

1991 644 657 569 - 514

1992 653 665 576 - 519

1993 658 672 583 - 524

1994 655 670 568 - 501

1995 651 665 569 - 489

1996 652 668 565 - 493

1997 658 678 573 - 485

1998 688 706 603 - 508

1999 698 712 603 - 513

2000 703 716 612 $780 522

2001 711 725 631 782 539

2002 723 747 646 773 542

2003 738 758 656 799 548

2004 745 759 657 797 545

2005 736 750 628 836 540

2006 732 743 633 852 537

2007 727 742 632 866 560

2008 728 747 632 860 572

2009 753 766 667 892 583

2010 753 770 667 870 572

2011 747 767 650 820 566

2012 739 759 641 824 557

2013 744 761 639 863 570

Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2017 

annual averages [In constant 2017 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 70

Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

2014 745 761 633 872 568

2015 752 769 637 908 586

2016 765 782 655 921 599

2017 770 795 657 903 603

Men

1979 $921 $940 $716 - $691

1980 889 909 693 - 665

1981 883 909 696 - 652

1982 890 917 680 - 658

1983 890 908 690 - 643

1984 883 903 682 - 646

1985 887 911 664 - 645

1986 897 927 683 - 640

1987 899 932 677 - 634

1988 896 928 695 - 615

1989 897 923 667 - 603

1990 878 901 659 - 580

1991 868 891 660 - 569

1992 861 883 653 - 582

1993 854 878 657 - 580

1994 857 898 657 - 563

1995 862 907 659 - 561

1996 869 905 643 - 555

1997 884 908 660 - 566

1998 902 928 706 - 588

1999 912 941 720 - 599

2000 914 944 728 $977 595

2001 931 957 735 1,017 611

2002 928 959 716 1,033 616

2003 929 956 742 1,032 620

2004 927 952 740 1,043 624

Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2017 

annual averages [In constant 2017 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 71

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one 

race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians 

constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research 

series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

2005 908 935 703 1,038 615

2006 906 928 721 1,076 616

2007 908 934 711 1,109 616

2008 911 942 708 1,103 638

2009 938 968 711 1,090 652

2010 928 957 713 1,054 631

2011 908 934 713 1,059 623

2012 913 940 711 1,128 633

2013 906 932 700 1,116 626

2014 903 930 705 1,119 638

2015 927 952 704 1,169 653

2016 935 962 733 1,176 677

2017 941 971 710 1,207 690

Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2017 

annual averages [In constant 2017 dollars]

Year

Total,

25 years

and older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some

college or

associate

degree

Bachelor's

degree and

higher

Total

1979 $836 $662 $785 $890 $1,085

1980 812 631 756 864 1,068

1981 800 623 743 842 1,057

1982 800 606 738 858 1,071

Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979–

2017 annual averages [In constant 2017 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 72

Year

Total,

25 years

and older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some

college or

associate

degree

Bachelor's

degree and

higher

1983 805 601 730 852 1,082

1984 815 592 727 860 1,095

1985 826 588 725 869 1,102

1986 837 595 737 876 1,124

1987 834 588 737 872 1,168

1988 826 575 735 858 1,168

1989 818 569 718 866 1,167

1990 819 553 704 869 1,164

1991 822 540 699 861 1,173

1992 823 534 692 832 1,196

1993 822 526 695 827 1,198

1994 821 504 691 819 1,204

1995 817 495 692 814 1,197

1996 811 495 691 808 1,183

1997 824 490 704 817 1,189

1998 863 508 722 842 1,238

1999 873 510 723 855 1,268

2000 869 516 720 850 1,271

2001 875 531 722 857 1,279

2002 883 530 731 859 1,286

2003 885 529 741 854 1,289

2004 888 521 746 860 1,282

2005 875 514 733 843 1,274

2006 876 511 726 844 1,267

2007 874 507 716 834 1,270

2008 869 517 705 824 1,273

2009 887 520 717 832 1,302

2010 881 500 705 827 1,288

2011 870 492 697 807 1,255

Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979–

2017 annual averages [In constant 2017 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 73

Year

Total,

25 years

and older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some

college or

associate

degree

Bachelor's

degree and

higher

2012 872 504 697 801 1,246

2013 871 497 686 788 1,258

2014 869 506 692 789 1,236

2015 890 510 702 789 1,273

2016 904 515 707 796 1,286

2017 907 520 712 798 1,279

Women

1979 $615 $479 $584 $666 $833

1980 605 466 571 656 824

1981 605 455 564 662 826

1982 623 450 577 670 846

1983 629 458 577 676 866

1984 637 450 583 687 878

1985 645 440 584 691 902

1986 660 445 593 707 934

1987 665 443 596 718 965

1988 669 441 595 719 968

1989 672 443 582 726 971

1990 673 438 575 721 976

1991 681 440 577 720 989

1992 687 440 579 699 1,021

1993 695 441 581 707 1,023

1994 691 422 576 695 1,041

1995 686 420 571 684 1,032

1996 693 418 569 690 1,025

1997 705 420 577 701 1,026

1998 732 427 597 718 1,066

1999 733 428 597 720 1,091

2000 736 434 599 720 1,078

Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979–

2017 annual averages [In constant 2017 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 74

Year

Total,

25 years

and older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some

college or

associate

degree

Bachelor's

degree and

higher

2001 754 439 615 722 1,092

2002 776 444 626 742 1,105

2003 781 440 634 749 1,112

2004 779 434 635 750 1,118

2005 770 429 620 738 1,111

2006 765 437 610 734 1,104

2007 765 437 607 722 1,104

2008 765 432 594 717 1,090

2009 787 438 621 722 1,111

2010 793 437 611 718 1,110

2011 784 431 605 704 1,090

2012 778 413 600 705 1,071

2013 780 421 604 692 1,099

2014 779 424 599 685 1,087

2015 788 433 607 687 1,101

2016 801 432 612 703 1,125

2017 810 447 610 700 1,131

Men

1979 $991 $795 $972 $1,038 $1,249

1980 963 759 929 1,017 1,213

1981 966 743 925 1,010 1,234

1982 961 716 914 1,005 1,230

1983 955 707 911 991 1,216

1984 950 694 899 1,005 1,266

1985 965 684 887 1,028 1,285

1986 991 687 891 1,039 1,323

1987 988 671 876 1,029 1,352

1988 972 663 872 1,004 1,355

1989 958 663 862 990 1,351

Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979–

2017 annual averages [In constant 2017 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 75

Year

Total,

25 years

and older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some

college or

associate

degree

Bachelor's

degree and

higher

1990 934 637 838 989 1,352

1991 921 614 827 991 1,345

1992 921 603 823 954 1,359

1993 930 596 816 958 1,350

1994 946 562 814 964 1,356

1995 942 556 812 955 1,354

1996 934 557 805 942 1,363

1997 939 557 817 948 1,368

1998 964 578 843 970 1,416

1999 985 583 855 981 1,441

2000 989 579 843 986 1,455

2001 1,000 582 846 1,004 1,482

2002 1,000 575 843 999 1,489

2003 995 574 840 989 1,512

2004 991 580 839 990 1,486

2005 970 572 820 964 1,468

2006 972 572 827 971 1,470

2007 975 570 816 960 1,473

2008 978 567 809 947 1,467

2009 1,000 573 820 956 1,520

2010 984 547 800 952 1,498

2011 967 533 786 917 1,454

2012 973 543 786 917 1,466

2013 961 527 771 904 1,470

2014 955 536 778 904 1,435

2015 980 538 786 914 1,470

2016 990 563 785 915 1,495

2017 996 584 797 917 1,481

Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979–

2017 annual averages [In constant 2017 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 76

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes 

section.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

Total

1979 $14.01 $11.01 $9.78 $12.68 $16.12 $16.40 $16.69 $16.28 $15.68 $10.19

1980 13.69 10.54 9.15 12.19 15.77 16.08 16.36 16.05 15.31 10.11

1981 13.38 10.31 9.30 11.97 15.56 15.82 16.10 15.61 15.09 10.18

1982 13.20 9.90 8.80 11.39 15.35 15.53 16.16 15.70 14.94 10.07

1983 13.12 9.58 8.47 11.01 15.38 15.26 16.22 15.80 15.05 10.33

1984 13.13 9.41 8.22 10.86 15.41 15.25 16.15 15.95 14.91 10.43

1985 13.14 9.28 8.00 10.76 15.36 15.08 16.32 16.06 15.05 10.33

1986 13.28 9.44 7.94 10.84 15.48 15.01 16.68 16.55 15.35 10.64

1987 13.40 9.50 7.89 10.79 15.45 14.89 16.44 16.27 15.36 10.52

1988 13.43 9.56 8.04 10.74 15.45 14.83 16.31 16.29 14.93 10.44

1989 13.39 9.48 8.08 10.82 15.21 14.64 16.40 16.13 14.98 10.38

1990 13.19 9.42 8.19 10.78 14.89 14.42 16.09 16.04 14.64 10.49

1991 13.20 9.26 8.26 10.56 14.93 14.15 16.14 16.04 14.42 10.46

1992 13.26 9.23 8.13 10.36 15.00 14.04 16.12 16.36 14.57 10.55

1993 13.18 9.23 8.04 10.30 14.99 13.85 16.10 16.52 14.91 10.70

1994 13.15 9.23 8.06 10.21 14.98 13.76 16.29 16.45 14.81 10.49

1995 13.09 9.29 8.08 10.29 15.00 13.96 16.06 16.23 14.74 10.66

1996 13.10 9.27 8.07 10.44 15.01 13.76 15.82 15.98 14.65 10.56

1997 13.36 9.39 8.41 10.55 15.07 13.80 15.82 16.18 14.85 10.52

1998 13.73 9.92 8.87 10.92 15.28 14.56 16.38 16.53 15.20 11.16

1999 14.06 10.13 8.97 11.42 15.44 14.72 16.25 16.71 15.31 11.36

2000 14.14 10.33 9.14 11.51 15.52 14.52 16.19 16.86 15.44 11.48

2001 14.15 10.68 9.39 11.64 15.83 14.82 16.62 16.90 15.79 11.85

2002 14.30 10.67 9.44 11.57 16.16 15.00 16.64 17.02 16.19 12.39

Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2017 annual averages [In constant 

2017 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 77

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

2003 14.51 10.56 9.26 11.58 16.11 15.04 16.66 17.34 16.30 12.29

2004 14.30 10.38 9.10 11.42 15.90 14.79 16.76 17.20 16.36 12.51

2005 14.08 10.15 8.87 11.21 15.70 14.79 16.49 16.96 16.29 12.49

2006 14.34 10.05 8.82 11.17 15.78 14.57 16.45 17.11 16.26 12.38

2007 14.16 10.25 8.97 11.45 15.59 14.28 16.50 17.05 16.24 12.29

2008 13.96 10.13 8.95 11.14 15.76 14.27 16.42 16.97 16.21 12.43

2009 14.25 10.19 9.07 11.19 15.93 14.43 16.71 17.01 16.84 13.16

2010 14.08 10.02 9.01 10.73 15.74 14.11 16.45 16.87 16.77 13.01

2011 13.88 9.79 8.80 10.49 15.41 13.88 16.19 16.38 16.45 13.31

2012 13.69 9.68 8.66 10.37 15.24 13.71 15.89 16.12 16.46 13.06

2013 13.62 9.65 8.63 10.36 15.28 13.57 15.79 15.99 16.46 13.14

2014 13.62 9.90 8.74 10.34 15.34 13.61 15.66 15.95 15.92 13.49

2015 13.91 10.20 9.16 10.50 15.43 14.08 15.69 16.40 16.47 13.54

2016 14.30 10.34 9.40 11.02 15.45 14.30 16.11 16.64 16.55 14.07

2017 14.63 10.68 9.79 11.35 15.65 14.83 16.10 16.72 16.82 14.32

Women

1979 $11.42 $10.06 $9.56 $11.10 $12.30 $12.74 $12.52 $12.11 $11.83 $9.84

1980 11.22 9.80 8.92 10.77 12.05 12.61 12.19 12.02 11.59 9.60

1981 11.12 9.64 9.14 10.62 12.18 12.70 12.39 11.92 11.51 9.64

1982 11.27 9.24 8.68 10.24 12.27 12.69 12.42 12.10 11.74 9.61

1983 11.27 8.97 8.33 10.00 12.28 12.77 12.46 12.18 11.90 9.77

1984 11.19 8.85 8.09 9.82 12.34 12.61 12.64 12.41 11.87 9.84

1985 11.18 8.74 7.86 9.93 12.48 12.61 12.88 12.55 11.90 9.65

1986 11.41 8.80 7.82 10.09 12.74 12.74 13.13 12.83 12.31 10.13

1987 11.59 8.74 7.68 10.12 12.75 12.71 13.15 13.00 12.48 10.04

1988 11.66 8.94 7.80 10.08 12.85 12.69 13.49 13.15 12.14 10.22

1989 11.70 8.98 7.85 10.02 12.99 12.80 13.60 13.22 12.22 9.85

1990 11.75 9.03 7.94 10.16 12.90 12.79 13.45 13.07 12.28 9.95

1991 11.88 8.94 8.17 10.05 12.92 12.66 13.61 13.40 12.24 10.14

1992 11.96 8.87 8.06 9.91 13.14 12.80 13.73 13.64 12.37 10.26

Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2017 annual averages [In constant 

2017 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 78

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

1993 11.93 8.83 7.92 9.98 13.18 12.75 13.67 13.70 12.66 10.35

1994 11.90 8.74 7.93 9.82 13.22 12.78 13.86 13.89 12.84 10.25

1995 11.96 8.80 7.92 9.76 13.09 12.69 13.83 13.97 12.71 10.34

1996 12.06 8.86 7.94 9.77 13.15 12.57 13.87 13.95 12.59 10.06

1997 12.12 9.08 8.27 10.00 13.36 12.52 13.95 14.14 12.69 10.43

1998 12.41 9.41 8.72 10.45 13.77 13.27 14.57 14.75 13.35 10.87

1999 12.74 9.73 8.82 10.65 14.06 13.42 14.50 14.68 13.76 11.06

2000 12.92 9.99 8.89 11.13 14.11 13.82 14.31 14.52 14.04 11.23

2001 13.39 10.07 9.18 11.11 14.17 13.81 14.50 15.07 14.43 11.31

2002 13.51 10.18 9.29 11.08 14.63 13.83 15.00 15.27 14.77 11.93

2003 13.48 10.15 9.16 10.95 14.72 14.05 14.93 15.76 14.77 11.82

2004 13.22 10.03 8.92 10.82 14.60 13.81 14.89 15.54 15.05 11.91

2005 12.97 9.81 8.70 10.69 14.57 13.66 14.89 15.26 14.92 12.35

2006 12.99 9.74 8.67 10.76 14.48 13.50 14.70 14.95 14.78 12.16

2007 13.01 9.66 8.78 10.66 14.28 13.28 14.64 15.23 14.49 12.03

2008 13.12 9.62 8.80 10.46 14.25 13.38 14.71 15.02 14.84 12.02

2009 13.47 9.83 8.96 10.53 14.62 13.70 14.89 14.99 15.57 12.73

2010 13.32 9.71 8.91 10.23 14.50 13.56 14.77 15.20 15.41 12.59

2011 13.08 9.53 8.69 10.00 14.30 13.23 14.67 15.02 15.32 12.84

2012 12.82 9.39 8.58 9.81 14.09 12.99 14.40 14.76 15.36 12.66

2013 12.77 9.41 8.52 9.91 14.08 12.89 14.51 14.69 15.31 12.88

2014 12.62 9.47 8.59 10.12 13.99 12.69 14.51 14.65 14.70 12.92

2015 13.00 9.88 9.06 10.30 14.41 13.34 14.63 15.32 15.29 13.11

2016 13.29 10.21 9.26 10.47 14.54 13.36 15.07 15.29 15.42 13.30

2017 13.56 10.28 9.59 11.00 14.83 14.00 14.92 15.16 15.21 13.88

Men

1979 $17.82 $12.30 $10.06 $14.64 $21.10 $20.13 $22.46 $22.40 $20.79 $11.23

1980 17.33 11.65 9.57 13.98 20.51 19.69 22.19 22.10 20.57 10.77

1981 17.06 11.19 9.45 13.27 20.21 19.04 21.56 22.05 20.47 10.94

1982 16.75 10.71 8.95 12.52 19.76 18.75 21.74 21.71 19.90 10.90

Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2017 annual averages [In constant 

2017 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 79

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

1983 16.24 10.28 8.62 11.85 19.51 18.17 21.64 21.50 20.52 11.15

1984 16.04 10.29 8.38 11.62 19.37 17.75 21.42 21.82 19.95 11.06

1985 15.97 10.20 8.17 11.39 19.28 17.43 21.35 21.72 19.69 10.87

1986 16.25 10.26 8.18 11.63 19.31 17.19 21.39 21.73 20.43 11.09

1987 16.09 10.17 8.18 11.76 18.96 17.10 20.91 21.20 20.12 11.01

1988 15.79 10.04 8.26 11.56 18.72 16.79 20.40 21.34 19.44 11.02

1989 15.52 9.90 8.41 11.53 18.60 16.40 20.29 20.84 19.16 11.30

1990 15.09 9.93 8.47 11.28 17.96 16.11 19.58 20.31 18.56 11.09

1991 15.12 9.82 8.35 10.97 17.57 15.74 19.33 20.62 17.75 10.95

1992 14.90 9.71 8.25 10.72 17.29 15.50 18.78 20.65 17.85 11.08

1993 14.84 9.63 8.16 10.60 17.05 15.24 18.69 20.35 18.36 11.24

1994 14.78 9.66 8.18 10.77 16.90 14.94 18.88 19.87 18.16 10.90

1995 14.79 9.68 8.24 10.93 17.20 15.16 19.05 19.74 17.80 10.98

1996 14.85 9.63 8.19 10.90 16.82 15.13 18.58 19.34 17.39 10.98

1997 15.01 9.85 8.56 10.96 16.95 15.15 18.43 19.54 18.00 10.63

1998 15.17 10.42 9.02 11.73 17.68 15.41 18.82 19.67 18.43 11.67

1999 15.21 10.50 9.12 11.84 17.70 15.99 18.85 20.18 18.01 11.59

2000 15.42 10.88 9.47 11.97 17.46 15.65 18.74 19.83 18.27 11.85

2001 15.72 11.12 9.58 12.39 17.89 16.08 19.33 19.79 17.99 12.50

2002 15.90 11.00 9.59 12.13 17.83 16.24 19.07 19.67 18.28 13.36

2003 15.90 10.88 9.39 12.03 17.71 16.06 18.89 19.96 18.84 13.09

2004 15.63 10.68 9.30 11.79 17.87 15.64 18.99 19.65 18.91 12.87

2005 15.30 10.59 9.07 11.57 17.50 15.31 18.72 19.03 18.60 12.63

2006 15.46 10.72 9.06 11.89 17.40 15.40 18.37 19.56 18.34 13.07

2007 15.34 10.82 9.21 11.80 17.48 15.20 17.97 19.14 18.31 13.05

2008 15.37 10.55 9.11 11.42 17.16 15.38 18.29 19.20 18.15 13.13

2009 15.76 10.56 9.22 11.44 17.26 15.12 18.44 19.46 18.43 13.75

2010 15.50 10.37 9.11 11.15 16.94 14.75 17.83 19.02 18.52 13.42

2011 15.07 10.08 8.91 10.81 16.50 14.39 17.50 18.43 18.64 14.03

2012 14.84 10.10 8.76 10.66 16.22 14.20 17.17 18.17 18.48 13.94

Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2017 annual averages [In constant 

2017 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 80

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes 

section.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year Total, 16 years and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older

2013 14.75 10.19 8.82 10.54 16.09 14.14 17.08 18.09 18.21 13.57

2014 14.91 10.25 8.94 10.52 16.33 14.59 17.15 18.04 18.09 14.49

2015 15.19 10.38 9.29 11.01 16.42 14.67 17.06 18.17 18.62 14.65

2016 15.28 10.46 9.68 11.39 16.60 15.15 17.57 18.42 18.44 15.10

2017 15.20 10.99 9.88 11.88 17.00 15.15 17.89 18.74 18.60 14.93

Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2017 annual averages [In constant 

2017 dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total

1979 $14.01 $14.23 $12.97 - $12.87

1980 13.69 13.86 12.61 - 12.61

1981 13.38 13.45 12.73 - 12.49

1982 13.20 13.37 12.37 - 12.25

1983 13.12 13.29 12.09 - 11.95

1984 13.13 13.29 12.07 - 11.87

1985 13.14 13.29 11.98 - 11.92

1986 13.28 13.45 12.42 - 12.10

1987 13.40 13.58 12.40 - 12.05

1988 13.43 13.59 12.28 - 11.88

1989 13.39 13.56 12.32 - 11.63

1990 13.19 13.38 12.43 - 11.46

Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2017 

annual averages [In constant 2017 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 81

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1991 13.20 13.40 12.32 - 11.37

1992 13.26 13.44 12.13 - 11.43

1993 13.18 13.35 12.03 - 11.44

1994 13.15 13.32 11.97 - 11.38

1995 13.09 13.33 12.28 - 11.22

1996 13.10 13.37 12.11 - 11.19

1997 13.36 13.56 12.23 - 11.28

1998 13.73 13.91 12.65 - 11.95

1999 14.06 14.37 13.05 - 11.90

2000 14.14 14.21 13.32 $14.37 12.18

2001 14.15 14.25 13.58 14.93 12.58

2002 14.30 14.63 13.57 14.15 12.60

2003 14.51 14.67 13.57 14.87 13.05

2004 14.30 14.47 13.25 14.43 12.76

2005 14.08 14.44 12.79 15.11 12.52

2006 14.34 14.46 13.00 15.28 12.34

2007 14.16 14.31 12.90 14.48 12.13

2008 13.96 14.32 12.79 14.85 12.52

2009 14.25 14.50 13.33 15.07 12.65

2010 14.08 14.35 13.25 14.89 12.25

2011 13.88 14.09 12.87 14.57 12.06

2012 13.69 13.95 12.66 14.15 11.89

2013 13.62 13.86 12.54 14.35 11.85

2014 13.62 14.06 12.31 14.51 12.26

2015 13.91 14.36 12.48 14.69 12.46

2016 14.30 14.55 12.76 15.11 12.96

2017 14.63 14.89 12.90 15.06 13.16

Women

1979 $11.42 $11.42 $11.20 - $10.85

Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2017 

annual averages [In constant 2017 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 82

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1980 11.22 11.25 11.02 - 10.74

1981 11.12 11.12 10.88 - 10.65

1982 11.27 11.27 10.98 - 10.59

1983 11.27 11.29 11.08 - 10.38

1984 11.19 11.22 10.97 - 10.47

1985 11.18 11.20 10.98 - 10.50

1986 11.41 11.46 11.07 - 10.71

1987 11.59 11.64 11.18 - 10.58

1988 11.66 11.70 11.20 - 10.54

1989 11.70 11.74 11.26 - 10.59

1990 11.75 11.79 11.37 - 10.58

1991 11.88 11.90 11.53 - 10.53

1992 11.96 12.01 11.41 - 10.60

1993 11.93 11.99 11.51 - 10.57

1994 11.90 12.05 11.38 - 10.51

1995 11.96 12.08 11.41 - 10.58

1996 12.06 12.15 11.23 - 10.56

1997 12.12 12.21 11.59 - 10.41

1998 12.41 12.56 11.92 - 10.89

1999 12.74 12.88 11.99 - 11.00

2000 12.92 12.97 12.64 $13.94 11.26

2001 13.39 13.51 12.71 13.99 11.50

2002 13.51 13.58 12.91 13.80 11.67

2003 13.48 13.52 13.25 14.28 11.87

2004 13.22 13.28 12.91 13.75 11.76

2005 12.97 13.21 12.49 14.64 11.55

2006 12.99 13.13 12.33 14.57 11.59

2007 13.01 13.10 12.38 14.02 11.61

2008 13.12 13.36 12.31 13.98 11.50

Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2017 

annual averages [In constant 2017 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 83

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

2009 13.47 13.55 12.61 14.51 11.56

2010 13.32 13.38 12.61 13.98 11.39

2011 13.08 13.16 12.31 13.97 11.19

2012 12.82 12.92 12.01 13.64 10.92

2013 12.77 12.87 12.16 13.74 11.05

2014 12.62 12.83 11.99 13.71 11.11

2015 13.00 13.27 12.11 14.29 11.47

2016 13.29 13.48 12.35 14.37 12.04

2017 13.56 13.87 12.55 14.23 12.09

Men

1979 $17.82 $18.26 $15.43 - $15.11

1980 17.33 17.70 14.72 - 14.29

1981 17.06 17.43 15.09 - 13.95

1982 16.75 17.07 14.60 - 14.01

1983 16.24 16.60 13.99 - 13.64

1984 16.04 16.35 13.87 - 13.60

1985 15.97 16.51 13.40 - 13.22

1986 16.25 16.66 14.07 - 13.25

1987 16.09 16.42 13.95 - 13.19

1988 15.79 16.09 13.85 - 12.99

1989 15.52 15.86 13.54 - 12.76

1990 15.09 15.60 13.45 - 12.30

1991 15.12 15.53 13.33 - 12.11

1992 14.90 15.27 13.09 - 12.01

1993 14.84 15.19 12.85 - 11.93

1994 14.78 15.12 13.00 - 11.77

1995 14.79 15.42 13.08 - 11.63

1996 14.85 15.27 12.76 - 11.89

1997 15.01 15.21 13.24 - 12.06

Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2017 

annual averages [In constant 2017 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 84

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1998 15.17 15.35 13.71 - 12.43

1999 15.21 15.65 14.41 - 12.70

2000 15.42 15.62 14.24 $15.39 12.90

2001 15.72 16.12 14.14 16.44 13.43

2002 15.90 16.20 13.99 15.05 13.55

2003 15.90 16.08 14.45 15.90 13.41

2004 15.63 15.81 14.15 15.47 13.03

2005 15.30 15.69 13.71 16.04 12.82

2006 15.46 15.71 13.93 16.07 13.22

2007 15.34 15.66 13.71 15.66 13.12

2008 15.37 15.81 13.69 16.02 13.50

2009 15.76 15.98 14.05 16.05 13.65

2010 15.50 15.73 13.69 15.89 13.21

2011 15.07 15.31 13.17 15.56 12.89

2012 14.84 15.16 13.05 15.13 12.79

2013 14.75 15.01 12.81 15.01 12.63

2014 14.91 15.40 12.65 15.19 12.83

2015 15.19 15.46 13.11 15.39 13.37

2016 15.28 15.45 13.34 15.36 14.13

2017 15.20 15.79 13.34 16.65 14.37

Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2017 

annual averages [In constant 2017 dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 85

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one 

race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians 

constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research 

series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and older

Total

1979 $241 $172 $144 $186 $265 $255 $280 $276 $262 $198

1980 262 187 154 200 286 276 302 298 285 203

1981 284 200 161 213 308 296 326 320 309 222

1982 302 208 164 220 327 311 354 345 325 253

1983 313 211 164 223 343 321 370 367 346 261

1984 326 217 169 231 362 335 389 385 366 272

1985 344 224 174 240 379 349 406 400 381 297

1986 359 232 178 248 391 360 419 416 397 298

1987 374 243 186 259 403 373 435 429 405 310

1988 385 249 196 266 414 383 450 453 419 323

1989 399 259 204 276 427 394 472 472 431 334

1990 412 269 209 285 449 407 486 489 457 343

1991 426 277 213 291 467 415 498 507 469 381

1992 440 276 212 290 479 422 503 522 483 378

1993 459 282 214 297 491 436 517 542 492 393

1994 467 286 221 300 500 439 537 566 501 384

1995 479 292 231 306 510 451 550 582 514 389

1996 490 298 240 312 520 463 559 594 535 384

1997 503 306 252 321 540 481 579 607 558 393

1998 523 319 268 339 572 502 597 620 592 405

1999 549 341 281 363 592 518 611 652 604 404

2000 576 361 297 383 609 549 625 669 620 463

Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 1979–2017 annual averages [In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 86

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and older

2001 596 375 305 394 630 576 657 693 638 488

2002 608 381 305 399 646 591 668 706 674 502

2003 620 387 311 402 662 594 687 723 708 516

2004 638 390 309 406 683 604 713 743 725 560

2005 651 397 318 411 696 610 731 748 742 569

2006 671 409 324 423 718 621 748 773 765 583

2007 695 424 337 450 738 643 769 790 803 605

2008 722 443 349 467 761 666 804 822 825 644

2009 739 442 344 464 774 678 817 838 841 684

2010 747 432 347 454 782 682 824 844 860 684

2011 756 440 352 457 797 693 837 866 881 742

2012 768 444 356 464 815 707 858 878 897 757

2013 776 454 373 472 827 708 874 883 904 801

2014 791 477 378 491 839 726 881 899 911 824

2015 809 487 389 501 860 735 900 923 927 873

2016 832 501 405 513 885 751 934 955 952 866

2017 860 519 424 540 907 773 964 977 974 909

Women

1979 $182 $154 $132 $161 $195 $199 $196 $192 $189 $170

1980 201 167 145 175 213 218 214 209 205 175

1981 219 180 154 191 233 239 238 225 222 189

1982 239 192 158 201 255 258 258 252 245 211

1983 252 198 158 207 268 272 272 264 257 212

1984 265 203 162 213 283 285 292 279 270 219

1985 277 211 166 221 296 296 307 292 285 242

1986 291 219 170 231 308 306 319 308 296 256

1987 303 227 172 242 321 316 337 324 308 261

1988 315 235 184 251 335 327 354 339 317 280

1989 328 246 197 260 351 340 370 357 333 292

1990 346 254 198 269 369 356 390 377 348 300

Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 1979–2017 annual averages [In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 87

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and older

1991 366 266 205 280 387 371 407 398 363 319

1992 380 267 205 280 400 382 418 417 376 328

1993 393 273 205 289 415 395 435 440 395 335

1994 399 276 211 290 421 397 448 450 398 336

1995 406 275 215 291 428 403 453 464 403 353

1996 418 284 223 298 444 415 463 481 420 334

1997 431 292 240 306 462 427 482 495 433 348

1998 456 305 249 319 485 451 498 516 476 350

1999 473 324 266 343 497 470 503 534 492 370

2000 493 344 283 366 516 493 521 564 508 392

2001 512 353 288 375 543 512 547 587 536 390

2002 529 367 295 385 568 530 571 602 574 430

2003 552 371 299 387 584 546 590 609 601 435

2004 573 375 293 391 599 561 608 625 615 478

2005 585 381 304 396 612 573 621 644 639 492

2006 600 395 305 413 627 583 645 659 658 510

2007 614 409 318 426 646 597 668 677 679 534

2008 638 420 322 445 670 623 682 707 711 563

2009 657 424 323 445 687 634 709 712 727 602

2010 669 422 336 439 704 648 731 730 736 601

2011 684 421 328 438 718 662 734 744 749 664

2012 691 416 330 429 727 666 747 746 766 667

2013 706 423 350 442 740 665 767 761 779 691

2014 719 451 357 468 752 679 781 780 780 740

2015 726 450 364 468 761 690 804 799 784 740

2016 749 486 388 500 784 705 839 836 812 749

2017 770 499 402 514 810 724 860 855 856 782

Men

1979 $292 $196 $155 $211 $314 $295 $336 $338 $312 $219

1980 313 208 162 224 339 314 367 367 345 229

Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 1979–2017 annual averages [In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 88

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and older

1981 340 218 168 237 372 340 397 396 377 266

1982 364 225 170 244 393 358 422 419 399 300

1983 379 223 168 242 407 371 442 444 416 308

1984 392 231 174 250 422 382 471 470 439 328

1985 407 241 183 258 443 394 487 489 467 367

1986 419 246 186 264 463 402 499 506 484 358

1987 434 257 196 275 477 412 510 520 495 380

1988 449 262 205 279 487 421 517 549 509 395

1989 468 271 209 290 500 434 542 569 521 393

1990 481 282 218 298 512 449 560 591 546 403

1991 493 285 219 300 523 458 576 612 563 467

1992 501 284 218 297 536 466 581 634 579 421

1993 510 288 221 303 555 476 596 653 586 451

1994 522 294 228 307 576 479 617 671 603 441

1995 538 303 244 315 588 490 624 685 623 441

1996 557 307 251 321 599 499 632 698 643 477

1997 579 317 262 338 615 515 651 713 669 452

1998 598 334 281 357 639 544 677 732 699 482

1999 618 356 291 379 668 577 702 763 725 470

2000 641 375 306 395 693 598 728 771 735 522

2001 670 391 319 408 720 617 754 799 760 565

2002 679 391 312 410 732 627 759 807 802 583

2003 695 398 321 412 744 628 775 834 827 612

2004 713 400 318 417 762 639 804 857 843 641

2005 722 409 330 422 771 644 822 853 855 644

2006 743 418 348 435 797 661 836 897 902 658

2007 766 443 357 472 823 687 873 909 933 686

2008 798 461 369 481 857 704 915 944 943 753

2009 819 458 356 479 873 715 916 967 965 791

2010 824 443 355 468 874 714 915 954 979 794

Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 1979–2017 annual averages [In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 89

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and older

2011 832 455 370 470 886 717 935 979 997 821

2012 854 468 373 482 910 738 957 994 1,005 860

2013 860 479 390 492 912 744 956 994 1,011 937

2014 871 493 392 507 922 755 964 1,011 1,021 942

2015 895 510 407 522 947 770 983 1,040 1,064 1,003

2016 915 512 419 523 969 794 1,007 1,075 1,102 992

2017 941 547 459 570 996 821 1,062 1,103 1,098 1,016

Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 1979–2017 annual averages [In current dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino ethnicity

Total

1979 $241 $248 $199 - $194

1980 262 269 212 - 209

1981 284 291 235 - 223

1982 302 310 245 - 240

1983 313 320 261 - 250

1984 326 336 269 - 259

1985 344 356 277 - 270

1986 359 371 291 - 277

1987 374 384 301 - 285

1988 385 395 314 - 290

1989 399 409 319 - 298

1990 412 424 329 - 304

Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2017 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 90

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino ethnicity

1991 426 442 348 - 312

1992 440 458 357 - 321

1993 459 475 369 - 331

1994 467 484 371 - 324

1995 479 494 383 - 329

1996 490 506 387 - 339

1997 503 519 400 - 351

1998 523 545 426 - 370

1999 549 573 445 - 385

2000 576 590 474 $615 399

2001 596 610 491 639 417

2002 608 623 498 658 424

2003 620 636 514 693 440

2004 638 657 525 708 456

2005 651 672 520 753 471

2006 671 690 554 784 486

2007 695 716 569 830 503

2008 722 742 589 861 529

2009 739 757 601 880 541

2010 747 765 611 855 535

2011 756 775 615 866 549

2012 768 792 621 920 568

2013 776 802 629 942 578

2014 791 816 639 953 594

2015 809 835 641 993 604

2016 832 862 678 1,021 624

2017 860 890 682 1,043 655

Women

1979 $182 $184 $169 - $157

1980 201 203 185 - 172

Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2017 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 91

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino ethnicity

1981 219 221 206 - 190

1982 239 242 217 - 203

1983 252 254 232 - 215

1984 265 268 241 - 223

1985 277 281 252 - 230

1986 291 294 264 - 241

1987 303 307 276 - 251

1988 315 318 288 - 260

1989 328 334 301 - 269

1990 346 353 308 - 278

1991 366 373 323 - 292

1992 380 387 335 - 302

1993 393 401 348 - 313

1994 399 408 346 - 305

1995 406 415 355 - 305

1996 418 428 362 - 316

1997 431 444 375 - 318

1998 456 468 400 - 337

1999 473 483 409 - 348

2000 493 502 429 $547 366

2001 512 522 454 563 388

2002 529 547 473 566 397

2003 552 567 491 598 410

2004 573 584 505 613 419

2005 585 596 499 665 429

2006 600 609 519 699 440

2007 614 626 533 731 473

2008 638 654 554 753 501

2009 657 669 582 779 509

2010 669 684 592 773 508

Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2017 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 92

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino ethnicity

2011 684 703 595 751 518

2012 691 710 599 770 521

2013 706 722 606 819 541

2014 719 734 611 841 548

2015 726 743 615 877 566

2016 749 766 641 902 586

2017 770 795 657 903 603

Men

1979 $292 $298 $227 - $219

1980 313 320 244 - 234

1981 340 350 268 - 251

1982 364 375 278 - 269

1983 379 387 294 - 274

1984 392 401 303 - 287

1985 407 418 305 - 296

1986 419 433 319 - 299

1987 434 450 327 - 306

1988 449 465 348 - 308

1989 468 482 348 - 315

1990 481 494 361 - 318

1991 493 506 375 - 323

1992 501 514 380 - 339

1993 510 524 392 - 346

1994 522 547 400 - 343

1995 538 566 411 - 350

1996 557 580 412 - 356

1997 579 595 432 - 371

1998 598 615 468 - 390

1999 618 638 488 - 406

2000 641 662 510 $685 417

Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2017 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 93

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one 

race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians 

constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino ethnicity

2001 670 689 529 732 440

2002 679 702 524 756 451

2003 695 715 555 772 464

2004 713 732 569 802 480

2005 722 743 559 825 489

2006 743 761 591 882 505

2007 766 788 600 936 520

2008 798 825 620 966 559

2009 819 845 621 952 569

2010 824 850 633 936 560

2011 832 856 653 970 571

2012 854 879 665 1,055 592

2013 860 884 664 1,059 594

2014 871 897 680 1,080 616

2015 895 920 680 1,129 631

2016 915 942 718 1,151 663

2017 941 971 710 1,207 690

Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2017 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher

Total

1979 $265 $210 $249 $282 $344

Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by educational attainment, 1979–2017 annual averages 

[In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 94

Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher

1980 286 222 266 304 376

1981 308 240 286 324 407

1982 327 248 302 351 438

1983 343 256 311 363 461

1984 362 263 323 382 486

1985 379 270 333 399 506

1986 391 278 344 409 525

1987 403 284 356 421 564

1988 414 288 368 430 585

1989 427 297 375 452 609

1990 449 303 386 476 638

1991 467 307 397 489 666

1992 479 311 403 484 696

1993 491 314 415 494 715

1994 500 307 421 499 733

1995 510 309 432 508 747

1996 520 317 443 518 758

1997 540 321 461 535 779

1998 572 337 479 558 821

1999 592 346 490 580 860

2000 609 362 505 596 891

2001 630 382 520 617 921

2002 646 388 535 629 941

2003 662 396 554 639 964

2004 683 401 574 661 986

2005 696 409 583 670 1,013

2006 718 419 595 692 1,039

2007 738 428 604 704 1,072

2008 761 453 618 722 1,115

2009 774 454 626 726 1,137

2010 782 444 626 734 1,144

Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by educational attainment, 1979–2017 annual averages 

[In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 95

Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher

2011 797 451 638 739 1,150

2012 815 471 652 749 1,165

2013 827 472 651 748 1,194

2014 839 488 668 761 1,193

2015 860 493 678 762 1,230

2016 885 504 692 779 1,259

2017 907 520 712 798 1,279

Women

1979 $195 $152 $185 $211 $264

1980 213 164 201 231 290

1981 233 175 217 255 318

1982 255 184 236 274 346

1983 268 195 246 288 369

1984 283 200 259 305 390

1985 296 202 268 317 414

1986 308 208 277 330 436

1987 321 214 288 347 466

1988 335 221 298 360 485

1989 351 231 304 379 507

1990 369 240 315 395 535

1991 387 250 328 409 562

1992 400 256 337 407 594

1993 415 263 347 422 611

1994 421 257 351 423 634

1995 428 262 356 427 644

1996 444 268 365 442 657

1997 462 275 378 459 672

1998 485 283 396 476 707

1999 497 290 405 488 740

2000 516 304 420 505 756

2001 543 316 443 520 786

Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by educational attainment, 1979–2017 annual averages 

[In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 96

Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher

2002 568 325 458 543 809

2003 584 329 474 560 832

2004 599 334 488 577 860

2005 612 341 493 587 883

2006 627 358 500 602 905

2007 646 369 512 609 932

2008 670 378 520 628 955

2009 687 382 542 630 970

2010 704 388 543 638 986

2011 718 395 554 645 998

2012 727 386 561 659 1,001

2013 740 400 573 657 1,043

2014 752 409 578 661 1,049

2015 761 418 586 664 1,064

2016 784 423 599 688 1,101

2017 810 447 610 700 1,131

Men

1979 $314 $252 $308 $329 $396

1980 339 267 327 358 427

1981 372 286 356 389 475

1982 393 293 374 411 503

1983 407 301 388 422 518

1984 422 308 399 446 562

1985 443 314 407 472 590

1986 463 321 416 485 618

1987 477 324 423 497 653

1988 487 332 437 503 679

1989 500 346 450 517 705

1990 512 349 459 542 741

1991 523 349 470 563 764

1992 536 351 479 555 791

Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by educational attainment, 1979–2017 annual averages 

[In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 97

Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher

1993 555 356 487 572 806

1994 576 342 496 587 826

1995 588 347 507 596 845

1996 599 357 516 604 874

1997 615 365 535 621 896

1998 639 383 559 643 939

1999 668 395 580 665 977

2000 693 406 591 691 1,020

2001 720 419 609 723 1,067

2002 732 421 617 731 1,090

2003 744 429 628 740 1,131

2004 762 446 645 761 1,143

2005 771 455 652 766 1,167

2006 797 469 678 796 1,205

2007 823 481 689 810 1,243

2008 857 497 709 830 1,285

2009 873 500 716 835 1,327

2010 874 486 710 845 1,330

2011 886 488 720 840 1,332

2012 910 508 735 857 1,371

2013 912 500 732 858 1,395

2014 922 517 751 872 1,385

2015 947 520 759 883 1,420

2016 969 551 769 896 1,464

2017 996 584 797 917 1,481

Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by educational attainment, 1979–2017 annual averages 

[In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 98

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

Total

1979 $4.44 $3.49 $3.10 $4.02 $5.11 $5.20 $5.29 $5.16 $4.97 $3.23

1980 4.82 3.71 3.22 4.29 5.55 5.66 5.76 5.65 5.39 3.56

1981 5.15 3.97 3.58 4.61 5.99 6.09 6.20 6.01 5.81 3.92

1982 5.40 4.05 3.60 4.66 6.28 6.35 6.61 6.42 6.11 4.12

1983 5.59 4.08 3.61 4.69 6.55 6.50 6.91 6.73 6.41 4.40

1984 5.83 4.18 3.65 4.82 6.84 6.77 7.17 7.08 6.62 4.63

1985 6.03 4.26 3.67 4.94 7.05 6.92 7.49 7.37 6.91 4.74

1986 6.20 4.41 3.71 5.06 7.23 7.01 7.79 7.73 7.17 4.97

1987 6.47 4.59 3.81 5.21 7.46 7.19 7.94 7.86 7.42 5.08

1988 6.73 4.79 4.03 5.38 7.74 7.43 8.17 8.16 7.48 5.23

1989 6.99 4.95 4.22 5.65 7.94 7.64 8.56 8.42 7.82 5.42

1990 7.23 5.16 4.49 5.91 8.16 7.90 8.82 8.79 8.02 5.75

1991 7.50 5.26 4.69 6.00 8.48 8.04 9.17 9.11 8.19 5.94

1992 7.72 5.37 4.73 6.03 8.73 8.17 9.38 9.52 8.48 6.14

1993 7.87 5.51 4.80 6.15 8.95 8.27 9.61 9.86 8.90 6.39

1994 8.01 5.62 4.91 6.22 9.12 8.38 9.92 10.02 9.02 6.39

1995 8.17 5.80 5.04 6.42 9.36 8.71 10.02 10.13 9.20 6.65

1996 8.40 5.94 5.17 6.69 9.62 8.82 10.14 10.24 9.39 6.77

1997 8.75 6.15 5.51 6.91 9.87 9.04 10.36 10.60 9.73 6.89

1998 9.10 6.58 5.88 7.24 10.13 9.65 10.86 10.96 10.08 7.40

1999 9.53 6.87 6.08 7.74 10.47 9.98 11.02 11.33 10.38 7.70

2000 9.91 7.24 6.41 8.07 10.88 10.18 11.35 11.82 10.82 8.05

2001 10.19 7.69 6.76 8.38 11.40 10.67 11.97 12.17 11.37 8.53

2002 10.47 7.81 6.91 8.47 11.83 10.98 12.18 12.46 11.85 9.07

Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by age, 1979–2017 annual averages [In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 99

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

2003 10.85 7.90 6.93 8.66 12.05 11.25 12.46 12.97 12.19 9.19

2004 11.00 7.98 7.00 8.78 12.23 11.37 12.89 13.23 12.58 9.62

2005 11.19 8.07 7.05 8.91 12.48 11.76 13.11 13.48 12.95 9.93

2006 11.76 8.24 7.23 9.16 12.94 11.95 13.49 14.03 13.33 10.15

2007 11.95 8.65 7.57 9.66 13.16 12.05 13.93 14.39 13.71 10.37

2008 12.23 8.87 7.84 9.76 13.81 12.50 14.38 14.87 14.20 10.89

2009 12.44 8.90 7.92 9.77 13.91 12.60 14.59 14.85 14.70 11.49

2010 12.50 8.90 8.00 9.53 13.98 12.53 14.61 14.98 14.89 11.55

2011 12.71 8.97 8.06 9.61 14.12 12.71 14.83 15.00 15.07 12.19

2012 12.80 9.05 8.10 9.70 14.25 12.82 14.86 15.07 15.39 12.21

2013 12.93 9.16 8.19 9.83 14.50 12.88 14.98 15.17 15.62 12.47

2014 13.14 9.55 8.43 9.98 14.80 13.13 15.11 15.39 15.36 13.02

2015 13.44 9.85 8.85 10.14 14.91 13.60 15.16 15.84 15.91 13.08

2016 14.00 10.12 9.20 10.79 15.13 14.00 15.77 16.29 16.20 13.77

2017 14.63 10.68 9.79 11.35 15.65 14.83 16.10 16.72 16.82 14.32

Women

1979 $3.62 $3.19 $3.03 $3.52 $3.90 $4.04 $3.97 $3.84 $3.75 $3.12

1980 3.95 3.45 3.14 3.79 4.24 4.44 4.29 4.23 4.08 3.38

1981 4.28 3.71 3.52 4.09 4.69 4.89 4.77 4.59 4.43 3.71

1982 4.61 3.78 3.55 4.19 5.02 5.19 5.08 4.95 4.80 3.93

1983 4.80 3.82 3.55 4.26 5.23 5.44 5.31 5.19 5.07 4.16

1984 4.97 3.93 3.59 4.36 5.48 5.60 5.61 5.51 5.27 4.37

1985 5.13 4.01 3.61 4.56 5.73 5.79 5.91 5.76 5.46 4.43

1986 5.33 4.11 3.65 4.71 5.95 5.95 6.13 5.99 5.75 4.73

1987 5.60 4.22 3.71 4.89 6.16 6.14 6.35 6.28 6.03 4.85

1988 5.84 4.48 3.91 5.05 6.44 6.36 6.76 6.59 6.08 5.12

1989 6.11 4.69 4.10 5.23 6.78 6.68 7.10 6.90 6.38 5.14

1990 6.44 4.95 4.35 5.57 7.07 7.01 7.37 7.16 6.73 5.45

1991 6.75 5.08 4.64 5.71 7.34 7.19 7.73 7.61 6.95 5.76

1992 6.96 5.16 4.69 5.77 7.65 7.45 7.99 7.94 7.20 5.97

Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by age, 1979–2017 annual averages [In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 100

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

1993 7.12 5.27 4.73 5.96 7.87 7.61 8.16 8.18 7.56 6.18

1994 7.25 5.32 4.83 5.98 8.05 7.78 8.44 8.46 7.82 6.24

1995 7.46 5.49 4.94 6.09 8.17 7.92 8.63 8.72 7.93 6.45

1996 7.73 5.68 5.09 6.26 8.43 8.06 8.89 8.94 8.07 6.45

1997 7.94 5.95 5.42 6.55 8.75 8.20 9.14 9.26 8.31 6.83

1998 8.23 6.24 5.78 6.93 9.13 8.80 9.66 9.78 8.85 7.21

1999 8.64 6.60 5.98 7.22 9.53 9.10 9.83 9.95 9.33 7.50

2000 9.06 7.00 6.23 7.80 9.89 9.69 10.03 10.18 9.84 7.87

2001 9.64 7.25 6.61 8.00 10.20 9.94 10.44 10.85 10.39 8.14

2002 9.89 7.45 6.80 8.11 10.71 10.12 10.98 11.18 10.81 8.73

2003 10.08 7.59 6.85 8.19 11.01 10.51 11.17 11.79 11.05 8.84

2004 10.17 7.71 6.86 8.32 11.23 10.62 11.45 11.95 11.57 9.16

2005 10.31 7.80 6.92 8.50 11.58 10.86 11.84 12.13 11.86 9.82

2006 10.65 7.99 7.11 8.82 11.87 11.07 12.05 12.26 12.12 9.97

2007 10.98 8.15 7.41 9.00 12.05 11.21 12.36 12.85 12.23 10.15

2008 11.49 8.43 7.71 9.16 12.48 11.72 12.89 13.16 13.00 10.53

2009 11.76 8.58 7.82 9.19 12.76 11.96 13.00 13.09 13.59 11.11

2010 11.83 8.62 7.91 9.08 12.88 12.04 13.12 13.50 13.68 11.18

2011 11.98 8.73 7.96 9.16 13.10 12.12 13.44 13.76 14.03 11.76

2012 11.99 8.78 8.02 9.17 13.17 12.15 13.46 13.80 14.36 11.84

2013 12.12 8.93 8.09 9.40 13.36 12.23 13.77 13.94 14.53 12.22

2014 12.18 9.14 8.29 9.77 13.50 12.25 14.00 14.14 14.19 12.47

2015 12.56 9.54 8.75 9.95 13.92 12.89 14.13 14.80 14.77 12.66

2016 13.01 10.00 9.07 10.25 14.23 13.08 14.75 14.97 15.10 13.02

2017 13.56 10.28 9.59 11.00 14.83 14.00 14.92 15.16 15.21 13.88

Men

1979 $5.65 $3.90 $3.19 $4.64 $6.69 $6.38 $7.12 $7.10 $6.59 $3.56

1980 6.10 4.10 3.37 4.92 7.22 6.93 7.81 7.78 7.24 3.79

1981 6.57 4.31 3.64 5.11 7.78 7.33 8.30 8.49 7.88 4.21

1982 6.85 4.38 3.66 5.12 8.08 7.67 8.89 8.88 8.14 4.46

Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by age, 1979–2017 annual averages [In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 101

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

1983 6.92 4.38 3.67 5.05 8.31 7.74 9.22 9.16 8.74 4.75

1984 7.12 4.57 3.72 5.16 8.60 7.88 9.51 9.69 8.86 4.91

1985 7.33 4.68 3.75 5.23 8.85 8.00 9.80 9.97 9.04 4.99

1986 7.59 4.79 3.82 5.43 9.02 8.03 9.99 10.15 9.54 5.18

1987 7.77 4.91 3.95 5.68 9.16 8.26 10.10 10.24 9.72 5.32

1988 7.91 5.03 4.14 5.79 9.38 8.41 10.22 10.69 9.74 5.52

1989 8.10 5.17 4.39 6.02 9.71 8.56 10.59 10.88 10.00 5.90

1990 8.27 5.44 4.64 6.18 9.84 8.83 10.73 11.13 10.17 6.08

1991 8.59 5.58 4.74 6.23 9.98 8.94 10.98 11.71 10.08 6.22

1992 8.67 5.65 4.80 6.24 10.06 9.02 10.93 12.02 10.39 6.45

1993 8.86 5.75 4.87 6.33 10.18 9.10 11.16 12.15 10.96 6.71

1994 9.00 5.88 4.98 6.56 10.29 9.10 11.50 12.10 11.06 6.64

1995 9.23 6.04 5.14 6.82 10.73 9.46 11.89 12.32 11.11 6.85

1996 9.52 6.17 5.25 6.99 10.78 9.70 11.91 12.40 11.15 7.04

1997 9.83 6.45 5.61 7.18 11.10 9.92 12.07 12.80 11.79 6.96

1998 10.06 6.91 5.98 7.78 11.72 10.22 12.48 13.04 12.22 7.74

1999 10.31 7.12 6.18 8.03 12.00 10.84 12.78 13.68 12.21 7.86

2000 10.81 7.63 6.64 8.39 12.24 10.97 13.14 13.90 12.81 8.31

2001 11.32 8.01 6.90 8.92 12.88 11.58 13.92 14.25 12.95 9.00

2002 11.64 8.05 7.02 8.88 13.05 11.89 13.96 14.40 13.38 9.78

2003 11.89 8.14 7.02 9.00 13.25 12.01 14.13 14.93 14.09 9.79

2004 12.02 8.21 7.15 9.07 13.74 12.03 14.60 15.11 14.54 9.90

2005 12.16 8.42 7.21 9.20 13.91 12.17 14.88 15.13 14.79 10.04

2006 12.68 8.79 7.43 9.75 14.27 12.63 15.06 16.04 15.04 10.72

2007 12.95 9.13 7.77 9.96 14.75 12.83 15.17 16.15 15.45 11.01

2008 13.46 9.24 7.98 10.00 15.03 13.47 16.02 16.82 15.90 11.50

2009 13.76 9.22 8.05 9.99 15.07 13.20 16.10 16.99 16.09 12.00

2010 13.76 9.21 8.09 9.90 15.04 13.10 15.83 16.89 16.45 11.92

2011 13.80 9.23 8.16 9.90 15.11 13.18 16.03 16.88 17.07 12.85

Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by age, 1979–2017 annual averages [In current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 102

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. 

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

2012 13.88 9.44 8.19 9.97 15.17 13.28 16.05 16.99 17.28 13.03

2013 14.00 9.67 8.37 10.00 15.27 13.42 16.21 17.17 17.28 12.88

2014 14.39 9.89 8.63 10.15 15.76 14.08 16.55 17.41 17.46 13.98

2015 14.67 10.03 8.97 10.64 15.86 14.17 16.48 17.55 17.99 14.15

2016 14.96 10.24 9.48 11.15 16.25 14.83 17.20 18.03 18.05 14.78

2017 15.20 10.99 9.88 11.88 17.00 15.15 17.89 18.74 18.60 14.93

Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by age, 1979–2017 annual averages [In current dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total

1979 $4.44 $4.51 $4.11 - $4.08

1980 4.82 4.88 4.44 - 4.44

1981 5.15 5.18 4.90 - 4.81

1982 5.40 5.47 5.06 - 5.01

1983 5.59 5.66 5.15 - 5.09

1984 5.83 5.90 5.36 - 5.27

1985 6.03 6.10 5.50 - 5.47

1986 6.20 6.28 5.80 - 5.65

1987 6.47 6.56 5.99 - 5.82

1988 6.73 6.81 6.15 - 5.95

1989 6.99 7.08 6.43 - 6.07

1990 7.23 7.33 6.81 - 6.28

Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2017 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 103

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1991 7.50 7.61 7.00 - 6.46

1992 7.72 7.82 7.06 - 6.65

1993 7.87 7.97 7.18 - 6.83

1994 8.01 8.11 7.29 - 6.93

1995 8.17 8.32 7.66 - 7.00

1996 8.40 8.57 7.76 - 7.17

1997 8.75 8.88 8.01 - 7.39

1998 9.10 9.22 8.39 - 7.92

1999 9.53 9.74 8.85 - 8.07

2000 9.91 9.96 9.34 $10.07 8.54

2001 10.19 10.26 9.78 10.75 9.06

2002 10.47 10.71 9.93 10.36 9.22

2003 10.85 10.97 10.15 11.12 9.76

2004 11.00 11.13 10.19 11.10 9.81

2005 11.19 11.48 10.17 12.01 9.95

2006 11.76 11.86 10.66 12.53 10.12

2007 11.95 12.08 10.89 12.22 10.24

2008 12.23 12.54 11.20 13.01 10.97

2009 12.44 12.66 11.64 13.16 11.04

2010 12.50 12.74 11.77 13.22 10.88

2011 12.71 12.91 11.79 13.35 11.05

2012 12.80 13.04 11.84 13.23 11.12

2013 12.93 13.15 11.90 13.62 11.25

2014 13.14 13.57 11.88 14.00 11.83

2015 13.44 13.87 12.06 14.19 12.04

2016 14.00 14.24 12.49 14.79 12.69

2017 14.63 14.89 12.90 15.06 13.16

Women

1979 $3.62 $3.62 $3.55 - $3.44

Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2017 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 104

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1980 3.95 3.96 3.88 - 3.78

1981 4.28 4.28 4.19 - 4.10

1982 4.61 4.61 4.49 - 4.33

1983 4.80 4.81 4.72 - 4.42

1984 4.97 4.98 4.87 - 4.65

1985 5.13 5.14 5.04 - 4.82

1986 5.33 5.35 5.17 - 5.00

1987 5.60 5.62 5.40 - 5.11

1988 5.84 5.86 5.61 - 5.28

1989 6.11 6.13 5.88 - 5.53

1990 6.44 6.46 6.23 - 5.80

1991 6.75 6.76 6.55 - 5.98

1992 6.96 6.99 6.64 - 6.17

1993 7.12 7.16 6.87 - 6.31

1994 7.25 7.34 6.93 - 6.40

1995 7.46 7.54 7.12 - 6.60

1996 7.73 7.79 7.20 - 6.77

1997 7.94 8.00 7.59 - 6.82

1998 8.23 8.33 7.90 - 7.22

1999 8.64 8.73 8.13 - 7.46

2000 9.06 9.09 8.86 $9.77 7.89

2001 9.64 9.73 9.15 10.07 8.28

2002 9.89 9.94 9.45 10.10 8.54

2003 10.08 10.11 9.91 10.68 8.88

2004 10.17 10.21 9.93 10.57 9.04

2005 10.31 10.50 9.93 11.64 9.18

2006 10.65 10.77 10.11 11.95 9.50

2007 10.98 11.06 10.45 11.83 9.80

2008 11.49 11.70 10.78 12.25 10.07

Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2017 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 105

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

2009 11.76 11.83 11.01 12.67 10.09

2010 11.83 11.88 11.20 12.41 10.11

2011 11.98 12.05 11.28 12.80 10.25

2012 11.99 12.08 11.23 12.75 10.21

2013 12.12 12.21 11.54 13.04 10.49

2014 12.18 12.38 11.57 13.23 10.72

2015 12.56 12.82 11.70 13.80 11.08

2016 13.01 13.20 12.09 14.07 11.79

2017 13.56 13.87 12.55 14.23 12.09

Men

1979 $5.65 $5.79 $4.89 - $4.79

1980 6.10 6.23 5.18 - 5.03

1981 6.57 6.71 5.81 - 5.37

1982 6.85 6.98 5.97 - 5.73

1983 6.92 7.07 5.96 - 5.81

1984 7.12 7.26 6.16 - 6.04

1985 7.33 7.58 6.15 - 6.07

1986 7.59 7.78 6.57 - 6.19

1987 7.77 7.93 6.74 - 6.37

1988 7.91 8.06 6.94 - 6.51

1989 8.10 8.28 7.07 - 6.66

1990 8.27 8.55 7.37 - 6.74

1991 8.59 8.82 7.57 - 6.88

1992 8.67 8.89 7.62 - 6.99

1993 8.86 9.07 7.67 - 7.12

1994 9.00 9.21 7.92 - 7.17

1995 9.23 9.62 8.16 - 7.26

1996 9.52 9.79 8.18 - 7.62

1997 9.83 9.96 8.67 - 7.90

Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2017 annual averages [In 

current dollars]

See footnotes at end of table.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 106

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one 

race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians 

constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

1998 10.06 10.18 9.09 - 8.24

1999 10.31 10.61 9.77 - 8.61

2000 10.81 10.95 9.98 $10.79 9.04

2001 11.32 11.61 10.18 11.84 9.67

2002 11.64 11.86 10.24 11.02 9.92

2003 11.89 12.03 10.81 11.89 10.03

2004 12.02 12.16 10.88 11.90 10.02

2005 12.16 12.47 10.90 12.75 10.19

2006 12.68 12.88 11.42 13.18 10.84

2007 12.95 13.22 11.57 13.22 11.07

2008 13.46 13.85 11.99 14.03 11.83

2009 13.76 13.95 12.27 14.01 11.92

2010 13.76 13.97 12.16 14.11 11.73

2011 13.80 14.02 12.06 14.25 11.81

2012 13.88 14.17 12.20 14.15 11.96

2013 14.00 14.24 12.16 14.24 11.99

2014 14.39 14.86 12.21 14.66 12.38

2015 14.67 14.93 12.66 14.87 12.92

2016 14.96 15.13 13.06 15.04 13.83

2017 15.20 15.79 13.34 16.65 14.37

Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2017 annual averages [In 

current dollars]
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 107

Technical Notes

The estimates in this report were obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), which provides information on the 

labor force, employment, and unemployment. The survey is conducted monthly for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 

(BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau using a scientifically selected national sample of about 60,000 eligible households 

representing all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The survey data on earnings are based on one-fourth of the CPS 

monthly sample and are limited to wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers, both incorporated and 

unincorporated, are excluded from the data presented in this report.

The earnings comparisons in this report are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that can help explain 

earnings differences. This includes the direct comparisons of earnings levels among demographic groups and the 

women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios shown in the tables (that is, women’s earnings as a percentage of men’s). For 

example, the overall ratio of women’s-to-men’s earnings for full-time workers presented here is not controlled for 

differences in important determinants of earnings such as age, occupation, and educational attainment. The earnings 

comparisons in this report are not restricted to workers with otherwise comparable characteristics and comparable jobs. 

Even controlling for one of the factors may not fully explain earnings differences. Comparisons of women’s and men’s 

earnings by detailed occupation, for example, are not simultaneously controlled for differences in key factors such as 

age, job skills and responsibilities, work experience, and specialization.

Material in this report is in the public domain and may be used without permission. Information in this report will be made 

available upon request to individuals with sensory impairments. Voice telephone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay 

Service: 1 (800) 877-8339.

Concepts and definitions

The principal concepts and definitions used in this report are described briefly below.

Wage and salary workers are people age 16 and older who receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payments in 

kind, or piece rates on their sole or principal job. This group includes employees in both the public and private sectors. 

All self-employed workers are excluded whether or not their businesses are incorporated.

Full-time workers are defined for the purpose of these estimates as those who usually work 35 hours or more per week 

at their sole or principal job. The federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full- or part-time employment.

Part-time workers are defined for the purpose of these estimates as those who usually work fewer than 35 hours per 

week at their sole or principal job. The federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full- or part-time 

employment.

Usual weekly earnings reflect earnings before taxes and other deductions and include any overtime pay, commissions, 

or tips usually received (at the main job in the case of multiple jobholders). Before 1994, respondents were asked how 

much they usually earned per week. Since January 1994, respondents have been asked to identify the easiest way for 

them to report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice monthly, monthly, annually, or other) and how much they usually 

earn in the reported time period. Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly are converted to a weekly equivalent. 

The term “usual” is determined by each respondent’s own understanding of the term. If the respondent asks for a 

definition of “usual,” interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 

or 5 months.
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 108

•

•

The median of usual weekly earnings reflects the midpoint in a given earnings distribution, with half of workers having 

earnings above the median and the other half having earnings below the median.

The BLS procedure for estimating the median of a weekly earnings distribution places each reported or calculated 

weekly earnings value into a $50-wide interval that is centered around a multiple of $50. The median is calculated 

through the linear interpolation of the interval in which the median lies.

Changes over time in the medians for specific groups may not necessarily be consistent with the movements estimated 

for the overall median boundary. The most common reasons for this possible anomaly are as follows:

There could be a change in the relative weights of the subgroups. For example, the median earnings of 16- to 24-

year olds and the median earnings of those 25 years and older may rise, but if the lower earning 16- to 24-age 

group accounts for a greatly increased share of the total, the overall median could actually fall.

There could be a large change in the shape of the distribution of reported earnings, particularly near a median 

boundary. This change could be caused by survey observations that are clustered at rounded values, such as 

$700 or $800. An estimate lying in a $50-wide centered interval containing such a cluster tends to change more 

slowly than one in other intervals. Consider, for example, the calculation of the median for a multipeaked earnings 

distribution that shifts over time. As such a distribution shifts, the median does not necessarily move at the same 

rate. Specifically, the median takes relatively more time to move through a frequently reported earnings interval, 

but once above the upper limit of such an interval, it can move relatively quickly to the next frequently reported 

interval. BLS procedures for estimating medians mitigate such irregular movements; however, users should be 

cautious of these effects when evaluating short-term changes in the medians and in ratios of the medians.

Workers paid by the hour are employed wage and salary workers who report that they are paid at an hourly rate on their 

job. Typically, workers paid an hourly wage have made up around 60 percent of all wage and salary workers. Estimates 

of workers paid by the hour include both full- and part-time workers unless otherwise specified.

Hourly earnings data are for wage and salary workers who are paid by the hour and pertain to earnings from a person’s 

sole or principal job. Hourly earnings for hourly paid workers do not include overtime pay, commissions, or tips received.

Workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage include only workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers 

and other nonhourly paid workers are excluded, even though some have earnings that, if converted to hourly rates, 

would be at or below the federal minimum wage.

The estimates of workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage in this report are based solely on whether the 

hourly wage they report (which does not include overtime pay, tips, or commissions) is at or below the federal minimum 

wage. Some respondents might round hourly earnings when answering survey questions. As a result, some workers 

might report having hourly earnings above or below the federal minimum wage when in fact they earn the minimum 

wage.

Some workers who reported earnings below the prevailing federal minimum wage may not be covered by federal or 

state minimum wage laws because of exclusions and exemptions in the statutes. Thus, the presence of workers with 

hourly earnings below the federal minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the federal Fair Labor 

Standards Act (FLSA) or state statutes in cases where such standards apply. The CPS does not include questions on 
 U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

Page 109

whether workers are covered by the minimum wage provisions of the FLSA or by individual state or local minimum wage 

laws.

The estimates presented in this report likely understate the actual number of workers with hourly earnings at or below 

the minimum wage. BLS does not routinely estimate the hourly earnings of workers not paid by the hour because there 

are data quality concerns associated with constructing such an estimate.

Regular collection of earnings data in the basic CPS began in 1979. The prevailing federal minimum wage from 1979 to 

the present is as follows, with the last change occurring in 2009.

When the minimum wage has increased during a given year, the annual average estimates of the number of minimum 

wage workers reflect both minimum wage levels in effect during the year. For example, data for 2007 reflect the number 

Federal minimum wage Effective date

$2.90 January 1, 1979

$3.10 January 1, 1980

$3.35 January 1, 1981

$3.80 April 1, 1990

$4.25 April 1, 1991

$4.75 October 1, 1996

$5.15 September 1, 1997

$5.85 July 24, 2007

$6.55 July 24, 2008

$7.25 July 24, 2009
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of workers who earned the federal minimum wage of $5.15 for January to July and the number of workers who earned 

the minimum wage of $5.85 for August to December.

Race is reported by the household respondent. In accordance with the Office of Management and Budget standards, 

White, Black or African American, and Asian are terms used to describe a person’s race. Beginning in 2003, people in 

these categories are those who selected that race group only. Those who identify multiple race groups are categorized 

as people of Two or More Races. Before 2003, people of Two or More Races identified one group as their main race. 

For more information on the 2003 changes to questions on race, see “Revisions to the Current Population Survey 

Effective in January 2003.” Data for other race groups—American Indians and Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians and 

Other Pacific Islanders—and for people of Two or More Races are included in totals but not separately identified in this 

report because the number of survey respondents is too small to develop estimates of acceptable reliability.

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity refers to people who identified themselves in the survey process as being of Hispanic, 

Latino, or Spanish origin. People who identify themselves as Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race and are 

included in estimates for the race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) in addition to being shown 

separately.

Married, spouse present refers to people in opposite-sex marriages living together in the same household, even though 

one may be temporarily absent on business, on vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, or for other reasons.

Other marital status refers to people who are never married; widowed; divorced; separated; married, spouse absent; as 

well as people in same-sex marriages. Separated includes people with legal separations, those living apart with 

intentions of obtaining a divorce, and other people permanently or temporarily separated because of marital discord. 

Married, spouse absent, includes opposite-sex married people living apart because either the husband or wife was 

employed and living at a considerable distance from home, was serving away from home in the Armed Forces, had 

moved to another area, or had a different place of residence for any other reason except those listed in the separated 

definition above.

Inflation-adjusted earnings shown in this report use the Consumer Price Index research series using current methods 

(CPI-U-RS) to convert current dollars to constant, or inflation-adjusted, dollars. BLS has made numerous improvements 

to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) over the years. Although these improvements make the CPI more accurate, the 

histories of official CPI series are not adjusted to reflect the improvements. Because many researchers need a historical 

series that measures price change consistently over time, BLS developed the CPI-U-RS to provide an estimate of the 

CPI that incorporates most of the methodological improvements made since 1978 into the entire series. For further 

information, see the CPI research series webpage.

This report uses the most recent version of the CPI-U-RS available at the time of production. Users should note that the 

CPI-U-RS is subject to periodic revision. As a result, the rate of inflation incorporated into the inflation-adjusted median 

earnings estimates in this report may differ from the rate used in previous reports in this series or in other publications.

Reliability

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire 

population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they 

represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, 

and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of 
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confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.645 standard errors from the true 

population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 

confidence.

Readers should be aware that because of sampling error, apparent differences between estimates for two or more 

groups or categories may not be statistically significant, and therefore not meaningfully different from one another. 

Standard errors are shown with many of the median earnings estimates in this report to help readers evaluate 

differences in earnings estimates.

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the 

failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information on all respondents in the sample, inability or 

unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. 

Further information about the reliability of data from the CPS is available on the CPS Technical Documentation page of 

the BLS website.