For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, September 22, 2016 USDL-16-1867 

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

EMPLOYEE TENURE IN 2016

The median number of years that wage and salary workers had been with their current employer was 

4.2 years in January 2016, down from 4.6 years in January 2014, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 

reported today. 

Information on employee tenure has been obtained from supplemental questions in the Current 

Population Survey (CPS) every 2 years since 1996. The CPS is a monthly sample survey of about 

60,000 households that provides information on the labor force status of the civilian noninstitutional 

population age 16 and over. The questions about employee tenure measure how long workers had been 

with their current employer at the time of the survey. A number of factors can affect median tenure of 

workers, including changes in the age profile among workers, as well as changes in the number of hires 

and separations. For further information about the CPS, see the Technical Note in this news release. 

Demographic Characteristics

In January 2016, median employee tenure (the point at which half of all workers had more tenure and 

half had less tenure) for men declined to 4.3 years from 4.7 years in January 2014. For women, median 

tenure also declined; it was 4.0 years in January 2016, compared with 4.5 years in January 2014. Among 

men, 29 percent of wage and salary workers had 10 years or more of tenure with their current employer 

in January 2016, slightly higher than the figure of 28 percent for women. (See tables 1 and 3.) 

Median employee tenure was generally higher among older workers than younger ones. For example, 

the median tenure of workers ages 55 to 64 (10.1 years) was more than three times that of workers ages 

25 to 34 years (2.8 years). Also, a larger proportion of older workers than younger workers had 10 years 

or more of tenure. Among workers ages 60 to 64, 55 percent were employed for at least 10 years with 

their current employer in January 2016, compared with only 13 percent of those ages 30 to 34. 

(See tables 1 and 2.)

Among the major race and ethnicity groups, 22 percent of Hispanics had been with their current 

employer for 10 years or more in January 2016, compared with 30 percent of Whites and 25 percent of 

both Blacks and Asians. (See table 3.) The shorter tenure among Hispanic workers can be explained, in 

part, by their relative youth. Forty-four percent of Hispanic workers were between the ages of 16 and 

34; by comparison, the proportions for Whites (36 percent), Blacks (40 percent), and Asians (36 percent) 

were smaller. 

In January 2016, the share of wage and salary workers with a year or less of tenure with their current 

employer was 23 percent, little changed from the proportion in January 2014 (21 percent). This short-
- 2 - 

tenured group includes new entrants and reentrants to the workforce, job losers who found new jobs 

during the previous year, and workers who had voluntarily changed employers during the year. Younger 

workers were more likely than older workers to be short-tenured employees. For example, in January 

2016, 74 percent of 16- to 19-year-olds had tenure of 12 months or less with their current employer, 

compared with 10 percent of workers ages 55 to 64. (See table 3.) 

Among workers age 25 and over, men and women with less than a high school diploma had lower 

median tenure in January 2016 than those with more education. The median tenure for men and women 

with less than a high school diploma was 4.8 years and 4.4 years, respectively. Men and women with at 

least a college degree had median tenure of 5.2 years and 5.1 years, respectively. (See table 4.)

Industry

In January 2016, wage and salary workers in the public sector had more than double the median tenure 

of private-sector employees, 7.7 years and 3.7 years, respectively. One factor behind this difference is 

age. About 3 in 4 government workers were age 35 and over, compared with about 3 in 5 private wage 

and salary workers. Federal employees had a higher median tenure (8.8 years) than state (5.8 years) or 

local government (8.3 years) employees. (See table 5.) 

Within the private sector, workers in manufacturing had the highest tenure among major industries, at 

5.3 years in January 2016. In contrast, workers in leisure and hospitality had the lowest median tenure 

(2.2 years). These differences in tenure reflect many factors, one of which is varying age distributions 

across industries; on average, workers in manufacturing tend to be older than those in leisure and 

hospitality.

Occupation

Among the major occupations, workers in management, professional, and related occupations had the 

highest median tenure (5.1 years) in January 2016. Within this group, employees with jobs in 

management occupations (6.3 years), architecture and engineering occupations (5.5 years), and legal 

occupations (5.5 years) had the longest tenure. Workers in service occupations, who are generally 

younger than persons employed in management, professional, and related occupations, had the lowest 

median tenure (2.9 years). Among employees working in service occupations, food service workers had 

the lowest median tenure, at 1.9 years. (See table 6.) 
Technical Note

The data in this release were collected through a 

supplement to the January 2016 Current Population Survey 

(CPS). The CPS, which is conducted by the U.S. Census 

Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), is a monthly 

survey of about 60,000 eligible households that provides 

information on the labor force status, demographics, and 

other characteristics of the nation's civilian noninstitutional 

population age 16 and over. 

The January 2016 CPS supplement, which was 

sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor, obtained 

information on worker displacement and workers' tenure with 

their current employer. The data on worker displacement are 

online at www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#displaced. 

Updated population controls for the CPS are introduced 

annually with the release of the January data. Additional 

information about population controls is available on the BLS 

website at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop.

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200, Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling 

and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire 

population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the true population values they 

represent. The component of this difference that occurs 

because samples differ by chance is known as sampling 

error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of 

the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of 

confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by 

no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population 

value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. 

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the 

failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to 

obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability 

or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct 

information, and errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data. 

A full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS 

and information on estimating standard errors is available at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

Tenure concepts and questions 

Employee tenure is a measure of how long wage and 

salary workers had been with their current employer at the 

time of the survey. Many of the estimates shown in this report 

are medians; the median is the point at which half of all 

workers had more tenure and half had less tenure. Data refer 

to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time workers.

Wage and salary workers receive wages, salaries, 

commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. The group

includes employees in both the private and public sectors but

excludes all self-employed persons, both those with 

incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated 

businesses.

In the CPS supplement, questions on tenure were asked 

of all employed persons. The main question was: "How long 

has ... been working continuously for (fill in name of present 

employer)?"

_____ Days

_____ Weeks

_____ Months

_____ Years

For responses of "1 year" or "2 years," a follow-up question 

was asked: "Could you please give the exact number of 

months?"

The purpose of the follow-up question is to obtain more 

precise information on workers who had been with their 

current employer for a relatively short time. This follow-up 

question was included for the first time in the February 1996 

CPS supplement on worker displacement and tenure. CPS 

supplements that obtained information on tenure in January 

of 1983, 1987, and 1991 did not include the follow-up 

question. In those surveys, responses of 1 year or more could 

be coded only as the nearest full year, and responses of less 

than a year were coded as the nearest full month. Currently, 

the 2-year category includes 24 to 29 months, and the 3-year 

category includes 2.5 to 3.5 years.

Prior to January 1983, CPS supplements on tenure 

asked wage and salary workers, "When did ... start working at 

(his/her) present job?" For wage and salary workers, the 

meaning of the term "job" is ambiguous. For example, a 

worker who had been employed at a particular company for 

10 years and had been promoted to a managerial position 1 

year prior to the survey may have been counted as having 10 

years or 1 year of tenure, depending on whether the 

respondent interpreted the question to mean tenure with the 

current employer or tenure in the managerial position. To 

rectify this ambiguity, the wording of the question was 

changed in January 1983 to specify the length of time a 

worker had been with his or her current employer. The 

change resulted in a break in historical comparability. 

Interpreting tenure data

Data on tenure have been used as a gauge of 

employment security, with some observers regarding 

increases in tenure as a sign of improving security and 

decreasing tenure as a sign of deteriorating security. 

However, there are limitations to using the data in this way. 

For example, during recessions or other periods of declining 
job security, median tenure and the proportion of workers 

with long tenure could rise if less-senior workers are more 

likely to lose their jobs than are workers with longer tenure. 

During periods of economic growth, median tenure and the 

proportion of workers with long tenure could fall if more job 

opportunities are available for new entrants to the workforce 

and experienced workers have more opportunities to change 

employers and take better jobs. Tenure also could 

rise under improving economic conditions, however, as fewer 

layoffs occur and good job matches develop between workers 

and employers. 

A changing age distribution among workers would also

affect median tenure. Since older workers are more likely to 

have long tenure with their current employer than younger 

workers, aging baby boomers in the workforce would provide 

upward pressure on overall median tenure.
Table 1. Median years of tenure with current employer for employed wage and salary

workers by age and sex, selected years, 2006-16

Age and sex January

2006

January

2008

January

2010

January

2012

January

2014

January

2016

TOTAL

 16 years and over ....................... 4.0 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.2

16 to 17 years ................................... .6 .7 .7 .7 .7 .6

18 to 19 years ................................... .7 .8 1.0 .8 .8 .8

20 to 24 years ................................... 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3

25 years and over ............................. 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.4 5.5 5.1

 25 to 34 years ................................. 2.9 2.7 3.1 3.2 3.0 2.8

 35 to 44 years ................................. 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.2 4.9

 45 to 54 years ................................. 7.3 7.6 7.8 7.8 7.9 7.9

 55 to 64 years ................................. 9.3 9.9 10.0 10.3 10.4 10.1

 65 years and over ........................... 8.8 10.2 9.9 10.3 10.3 10.3

Men

 16 years and over ....................... 4.1 4.2 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.3

16 to 17 years ................................... .7 .7 .7 .6 .7 .6

18 to 19 years ................................... .7 .8 1.0 .8 .9 .8

20 to 24 years ................................... 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3

25 years and over ............................. 5.0 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.2

 25 to 34 years ................................. 2.9 2.8 3.2 3.2 3.1 2.9

 35 to 44 years ................................. 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.0

 45 to 54 years ................................. 8.1 8.2 8.5 8.5 8.2 8.4

 55 to 64 years ................................. 9.5 10.1 10.4 10.7 10.7 10.2

 65 years and over ........................... 8.3 10.4 9.7 10.2 10.0 10.2

Women

 16 years and over ....................... 3.9 3.9 4.2 4.6 4.5 4.0

16 to 17 years ................................... .6 .6 .7 .7 .7 .6

18 to 19 years ................................... .7 .8 1.0 .8 .8 .8

20 to 24 years ................................... 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2

25 years and over ............................. 4.8 4.9 5.1 5.4 5.4 5.0

 25 to 34 years ................................. 2.8 2.6 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.6

 35 to 44 years ................................. 4.6 4.7 4.9 5.2 5.1 4.8

 45 to 54 years ................................. 6.7 7.0 7.1 7.3 7.6 7.5

 55 to 64 years ................................. 9.2 9.8 9.7 10.0 10.2 10.0

 65 years and over ........................... 9.5 9.9 10.1 10.5 10.5 10.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Table 2. Percent of employed wage and salary workers 25 years and over who had 10 years

or more of tenure with their current employer by age and sex, selected years, 2006-16

Age and sex January

2006

January

2008

January

2010

January

2012

January

2014

January

2016

TOTAL

 25 years and over ....................... 30.0 31.5 33.1 33.7 33.3 33.2

25 to 29 years ................................... 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.6

30 to 34 years ................................... 10.6 10.1 12.8 12.5 12.3 12.5

35 to 39 years ................................... 22.8 23.0 25.7 25.2 24.4 24.4

40 to 44 years ................................... 31.8 32.9 35.3 35.1 33.1 34.3

45 to 49 years ................................... 39.9 40.2 40.8 41.6 41.6 41.8

50 to 54 years ................................... 46.6 47.7 48.9 48.4 48.1 48.0

55 to 59 years ................................... 50.1 52.4 52.4 54.1 53.3 53.0

60 to 64 years ................................... 48.4 53.6 54.5 55.1 58.0 54.7

65 years and over ............................. 48.5 56.3 53.1 55.5 55.0 55.3

Men

 25 years and over ....................... 31.1 32.9 34.3 34.6 34.0 33.8

25 to 29 years ................................... 2.6 2.4 3.1 2.6 2.9 3.4

30 to 34 years ................................... 11.6 11.3 14.3 13.2 13.3 13.2

35 to 39 years ................................... 24.7 25.4 27.2 25.7 25.9 25.1

40 to 44 years ................................... 34.8 35.8 37.5 36.9 34.5 34.8

45 to 49 years ................................... 42.9 43.5 43.7 44.8 43.8 44.4

50 to 54 years ................................... 49.7 50.4 51.3 51.4 49.9 50.4

55 to 59 years ................................... 51.0 54.9 53.6 55.7 53.8 53.4

60 to 64 years ................................... 48.1 52.4 56.8 56.2 59.1 55.5

65 years and over ............................. 47.2 58.9 51.9 55.5 53.1 54.6

Women

 25 years and over ....................... 28.8 30.0 31.9 32.8 32.6 32.6

25 to 29 years ................................... 2.1 2.1 1.6 2.3 2.1 1.7

30 to 34 years ................................... 9.4 8.7 11.1 11.8 11.1 11.7

35 to 39 years ................................... 20.5 20.3 24.0 24.7 22.7 23.7

40 to 44 years ................................... 28.4 29.9 32.9 33.2 31.5 33.8

45 to 49 years ................................... 36.9 36.7 38.0 38.3 39.4 39.1

50 to 54 years ................................... 43.6 45.0 46.5 45.5 46.3 45.6

55 to 59 years ................................... 49.1 50.0 51.2 52.6 52.8 52.6

60 to 64 years ................................... 48.7 54.8 52.2 54.0 56.9 53.9

65 years and over ............................. 49.9 53.8 54.3 55.6 56.9 55.9

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Table 3. Distribution of employed wage and salary workers by tenure with current employer, age, sex, race, and

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, January 2016

Age, sex, race, and 

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Number

employed 

(in thousands)

Percent distribution by tenure with current employer

Total

12

months

or less

13 to 23

months 2 years 3 to 4years

5 to 9

years

10 to 14

years

15 to 19

years

20 years

or more

TOTAL

 16 years and over ............. 134,167 100.0 22.6 7.0 5.5 17.1 19.0 11.5 7.1 10.3

16 to 19 years ......................... 4,432 100.0 73.7 11.7 7.5 7.0 .1 – – –

20 years and over ................... 129,735 100.0 20.9 6.9 5.4 17.4 19.6 11.9 7.3 10.6

 20 to 24 years ....................... 13,396 100.0 50.8 14.2 10.8 19.1 5.0 .1 – –

 25 to 34 years ....................... 31,304 100.0 28.9 9.4 7.8 24.9 21.7 6.7 .7 1 ( )

 35 to 44 years ....................... 28,272 100.0 17.1 6.1 4.8 18.4 24.4 16.5 9.4 3.4

 45 to 54 years ....................... 28,737 100.0 12.4 5.0 3.4 13.7 20.6 15.7 11.9 17.3

 55 to 64 years ....................... 21,601 100.0 10.2 3.5 2.9 11.7 18.1 14.4 11.3 28.0

 65 years and over ................. 6,425 100.0 9.9 2.9 2.3 9.8 19.9 15.6 11.6 28.1

Men

 16 years and over ............. 69,068 100.0 22.0 7.0 5.3 17.0 19.3 11.4 7.0 11.0

16 to 19 years ......................... 2,113 100.0 72.7 13.3 6.4 7.6 .1 – – –

20 years and over ................... 66,955 100.0 20.4 6.8 5.3 17.3 19.9 11.7 7.3 11.4

 20 to 24 years ....................... 6,754 100.0 49.7 14.1 11.8 18.4 5.9 .1 – –

 25 to 34 years ....................... 16,665 100.0 27.5 9.1 7.6 24.9 22.7 7.3 .9 1 ( )

 35 to 44 years ....................... 14,922 100.0 17.1 5.8 4.5 18.1 24.8 16.3 9.6 3.8

 45 to 54 years ....................... 14,626 100.0 11.7 5.1 3.2 13.0 19.6 15.4 12.5 19.4

 55 to 64 years ....................... 10,809 100.0 10.6 3.5 2.7 11.7 17.4 13.7 10.1 30.3

 65 years and over ................. 3,179 100.0 9.3 2.7 2.0 9.1 22.3 14.2 11.0 29.4

Women

 16 years and over ............. 65,099 100.0 23.3 7.1 5.6 17.2 18.6 11.6 7.1 9.5

16 to 19 years ......................... 2,319 100.0 74.6 10.3 8.6 6.4 .1 – – –

20 years and over ................... 62,780 100.0 21.4 7.0 5.4 17.6 19.3 12.0 7.3 9.8

 20 to 24 years ....................... 6,642 100.0 52.0 14.3 9.7 19.7 4.2 .1 – –

 25 to 34 years ....................... 14,640 100.0 30.4 9.8 7.9 24.8 20.5 6.0 .6 –

 35 to 44 years ....................... 13,350 100.0 17.2 6.4 5.0 18.8 23.9 16.6 9.1 3.0

 45 to 54 years ....................... 14,111 100.0 13.0 4.8 3.7 14.5 21.6 16.1 11.2 15.1

 55 to 64 years ....................... 10,791 100.0 9.8 3.5 3.1 11.7 18.8 15.1 12.4 25.6

 65 years and over ................. 3,246 100.0 10.5 3.0 2.7 10.4 17.5 17.0 12.1 26.8

White 

 16 years and over ............... 105,057 100.0 21.7 7.0 5.2 16.9 19.0 11.7 7.4 11.1

Men ......................................... 54,917 100.0 21.1 6.9 5.2 16.4 19.6 11.5 7.4 12.0

Women ................................... 50,140 100.0 22.4 7.2 5.3 17.4 18.4 12.0 7.4 10.0

Black or African American 

 16 years and over ............... 16,509 100.0 25.8 6.7 6.5 17.8 18.3 10.3 6.4 8.2

Men ......................................... 7,522 100.0 26.8 6.7 6.0 18.3 17.2 10.2 6.6 8.2

Women ................................... 8,987 100.0 25.0 6.8 6.8 17.4 19.3 10.4 6.2 8.2

Asian 

 16 years and over ............... 7,843 100.0 21.4 7.5 6.4 18.1 21.5 12.4 5.7 7.0

Men ......................................... 4,170 100.0 18.9 8.3 6.7 19.2 21.2 13.5 5.5 6.9

Women ................................... 3,673 100.0 24.3 6.7 6.1 16.8 21.8 11.2 5.9 7.2

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

 16 years and over ............... 22,637 100.0 25.1 6.4 7.8 19.2 19.6 11.0 5.3 5.6

Men ......................................... 12,709 100.0 24.5 6.1 7.2 19.1 20.8 11.4 5.2 5.7

Women ................................... 9,928 100.0 25.9 6.9 8.6 19.4 18.1 10.5 5.3 5.3

1 Less than 0.05 percent.

NOTE: Detail for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races.

Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Dash represents zero or

rounds to zero. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Table 4. Median years of tenure with current employer for employed wage and salary workers 25 years

and over by educational attainment, sex, and age, January 2016

Educational attainment and sex

25 years and over

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and over

 Total ........................................................ 5.1 2.8 4.9 7.9 10.1 10.3

Less than a high school diploma ................ 4.7 2.8 4.3 5.3 8.3 10.2

High school graduates, no college ............. 5.2 2.8 4.7 7.8 10.1 10.4

Some college, no degree ............................ 5.0 2.7 5.0 8.0 9.9 9.8

Associate degree ........................................ 5.2 2.8 4.6 7.7 10.2 10.6

College graduates ...................................... 5.2 2.8 5.2 8.3 10.4 10.6

 Bachelor’s degree ..................................... 4.9 2.7 5.1 8.2 10.0 10.2

 Master’s degree ........................................ 5.9 3.0 5.6 8.5 11.6 10.3

 Doctoral or professional degree ............... 5.6 2.4 5.2 9.4 12.8 15.0

 Men ......................................................... 5.2 2.9 5.0 8.4 10.2 10.2

Less than a high school diploma ................ 4.8 3.1 4.4 5.7 9.1 10.4

High school graduates, no college ............. 5.2 2.9 4.8 8.9 10.1 10.1

Some college, no degree ............................ 5.1 2.9 5.3 8.5 10.2 9.8

Associate degree ........................................ 5.6 3.3 5.7 8.7 10.2 10.9

College graduates ...................................... 5.2 2.7 5.1 8.7 10.8 10.7

 Bachelor’s degree ..................................... 5.0 2.8 5.2 9.2 10.2 10.4

 Master’s degree ........................................ 5.6 2.9 5.1 7.9 12.2 9.6

 Doctoral or professional degree ............... 6.0 2.3 4.8 9.3 14.2 18.0

 Women ................................................... 5.0 2.6 4.8 7.5 10.0 10.4

Less than a high school diploma ................ 4.4 2.4 4.1 4.6 7.6 10.0

High school graduates, no college ............. 5.3 2.6 4.6 6.5 10.1 11.0

Some college, no degree ............................ 4.9 2.5 4.7 7.5 9.6 9.8

Associate degree ........................................ 4.8 2.4 4.0 7.3 10.3 10.6

College graduates ...................................... 5.1 2.8 5.3 8.1 10.2 10.5

 Bachelor’s degree ..................................... 4.8 2.7 5.0 7.5 9.8 10.1

 Master’s degree ........................................ 6.1 3.0 6.2 9.2 11.3 11.7

 Doctoral or professional degree ............... 5.2 2.5 5.6 9.5 12.0 10.3

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Table 5. Median years of tenure with current employer for employed wage and salary workers by industry, selected years,

2006-16

Industry January

2006

January

2008

January

2010

January

2012

January

2014

January

2016

 Total, 16 years and over ............................................................................. 4.0 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.2

Private sector ................................................................................................ 3.6 3.6 4.0 4.2 4.1 3.7

 Agriculture and related industries ............................................................... 3.8 4.3 4.8 4.1 3.6 4.5

 Nonagricultural industries ........................................................................... 3.6 3.6 4.0 4.2 4.1 3.7

 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction ........................................... 3.8 4.1 4.8 3.5 4.0 4.6

 Construction ............................................................................................. 3.0 3.5 4.2 4.3 3.9 4.0

 Manufacturing ........................................................................................... 5.5 5.9 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.3

 Durable goods manufacturing ................................................................ 5.6 6.1 6.6 6.1 6.0 5.4

 Nonmetallic mineral products ............................................................... 5.0 4.8 7.7 7.0 7.6 5.1

 Primary metals and fabricated metal products ..................................... 6.2 5.2 7.2 5.6 6.1 6.0

 Machinery manufacturing ..................................................................... 6.6 6.0 8.3 5.4 6.2 5.5

 Computers and electronic products ...................................................... 5.9 6.7 5.9 7.7 5.1 5.3

 Electrical equipment and appliances .................................................... 6.2 6.2 5.0 5.9 5.8 4.7

 Transportation equipment ..................................................................... 7.2 7.8 8.3 7.1 7.1 6.1

 Wood products ..................................................................................... 4.7 6.2 4.7 5.3 4.6 4.7

 Furniture and related product manufacturing ....................................... 4.2 5.2 5.0 6.5 5.9 4.8

 Miscellaneous manufacturing ............................................................... 3.9 4.7 5.4 4.8 5.1 5.0

 Nondurable goods manufacturing .......................................................... 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.8 5.9 5.1

 Food manufacturing .............................................................................. 5.2 4.3 4.7 4.9 4.7 4.5

 Beverage and tobacco products ........................................................... 5.4 6.9 8.1 6.4 4.8 4.3

 Textiles, apparel, and leather ............................................................... 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.3 5.3 5.6

 Paper and printing ................................................................................ 6.3 5.5 6.8 9.7 9.7 5.3

 Petroleum and coal products ................................................................ 5.0 4.3 5.1 6.4 6.1 6.6

 Chemicals ............................................................................................. 6.1 7.6 7.3 6.1 7.1 5.3

 Plastics and rubber products ................................................................ 5.0 5.3 7.4 6.1 6.5 5.3

 Wholesale and retail trade ........................................................................ 3.1 3.2 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.3

 Wholesale trade ...................................................................................... 4.6 5.0 5.2 5.5 5.8 5.2

 Retail trade ............................................................................................. 2.8 2.9 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.0

 Transportation and utilities ....................................................................... 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.6 5.1 4.6

 Transportation and warehousing ............................................................ 4.3 4.6 5.0 5.3 4.7 4.4

 Utilities .................................................................................................... 10.4 10.1 9.1 9.5 9.2 7.4

 Information 1 ............................................................................................. 4.8 4.7 5.0 5.4 4.8 4.3

 Publishing, except Internet ..................................................................... 5.3 4.7 5.6 6.6 5.3 5.7

 Motion pictures and sound recording industries ..................................... 1.9 1.9 3.8 2.6 2.4 2.4

 Radio and television broadcasting and cable

subscriptions programming 2 .................................................................. 4.6 3.4 4.3 4.9 4.1 3.6

 Telecommunications 2 ............................................................................ 5.3 6.9 6.6 7.4 7.8 6.0

 Financial activities .................................................................................... 4.0 4.5 4.6 4.9 5.0 4.8

 Finance and insurance ........................................................................... 4.1 4.7 4.8 5.0 5.3 5.0

 Finance ................................................................................................. 3.9 4.4 4.5 4.7 5.0 5.0

 Insurance .............................................................................................. 4.7 5.2 5.5 5.7 6.0 5.2

 Real estate and rental and leasing ......................................................... 3.4 3.7 3.9 4.5 4.4 3.8

 Real estate ........................................................................................... 3.5 3.9 4.1 4.5 4.6 3.9

 Rental and leasing services .................................................................. 3.1 3.0 3.3 4.2 3.5 3.4

 Professional and business services ......................................................... 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.8 3.6 3.4

 Professional and technical services ....................................................... 3.8 3.3 4.0 4.4 4.2 3.9

 Management, administrative, and waste services 1 ............................... 2.5 2.5 2.9 3.1 3.1 2.8

 Administrative and support services ..................................................... 2.4 2.4 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.6

 Waste management and remediation services .................................... 4.1 4.1 2.9 4.4 4.7 4.6

 Education and health services .................................................................. 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.5 3.9

 Educational services ............................................................................... 4.0 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.8 4.0

 Health care and social assistance .......................................................... 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.4 3.9

 Hospitals ............................................................................................... 5.2 5.4 5.3 6.0 5.7 5.6

 Health services, except hospitals ......................................................... 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.4

 Social assistance .................................................................................. 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2 2.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Median years of tenure with current employer for employed wage and salary workers by industry, selected years,

2006-16—Continued

Industry January

2006

January

2008

January

2010

January

2012

January

2014

January

2016

 Leisure and hospitality .............................................................................. 1.9 2.1 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2

 Arts, entertainment, and recreation ........................................................ 3.1 2.8 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.2

 Accommodation and food services ......................................................... 1.6 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.0

 Accommodation .................................................................................... 2.5 3.1 3.3 3.8 3.5 3.0

 Food services and drinking places ....................................................... 1.4 1.6 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.8

 Other services .......................................................................................... 3.2 3.3 4.0 3.8 4.0 3.9

 Other services, except private households ............................................. 3.3 3.4 4.1 3.8 4.2 4.1

 Repair and maintenance ...................................................................... 2.9 3.0 4.0 3.7 4.0 3.5

 Personal and laundry services ............................................................. 2.8 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.8

 Membership associations and organizations ........................................ 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.9 4.9

 Other services, private households ........................................................ 2.8 2.8 3.4 3.3 3.0 3.3

Public sector ................................................................................................. 6.9 7.2 7.2 7.8 7.8 7.7

 Federal government ................................................................................... 9.9 9.9 7.9 9.5 8.5 8.8

 State government ....................................................................................... 6.3 6.5 6.4 6.4 7.4 5.8

 Local government ....................................................................................... 6.6 7.1 7.5 8.1 7.9 8.3

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2 Data for these industries are not directly comparable over time due to industry classification changes in 2003 and 2009.

NOTE: Beginning with data for January 2009, industries reflect the introduction of the 2007 census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This

industry classification system is derived from the 2007 North American Industry Classification System. No historical data have been revised. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
Table 6. Median years of tenure with current employer for employed wage and salary workers by occupation, selected

years, 2006-16

Occupation January

2006

January

2008

January

2010

January

2012

January

2014

January

2016

 Total, 16 years and over ........................................................................... 4.0 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.2

Management, professional and related occupations ................................... 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.5 5.7 5.1

 Management, business, and financial operations occupations ................ 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.9 6.3 5.5

 Management occupations .................................................................... 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.3 6.9 6.3

 Business and financial operations occupations .................................... 4.7 4.6 4.6 5.2 5.0 4.6

 Professional and related occupations ....................................................... 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.4 5.3 4.9

 Computer and mathematical occupations ............................................ 4.8 4.5 4.8 4.8 5.0 4.4

 Architecture and engineering occupations ........................................... 6.5 6.4 5.7 7.0 6.4 5.5

 Life, physical, and social science occupations ..................................... 4.7 4.0 4.6 5.3 5.0 4.9

 Community and social service occupations .......................................... 4.7 4.8 4.6 5.0 5.1 4.3

 Legal occupations ................................................................................. 5.0 4.3 4.6 5.4 5.4 5.5

 Education, training, and library occupations ......................................... 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.9 6.2 5.3

 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ................ 3.6 3.4 3.9 4.2 3.4 3.8

 Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations ............................. 4.8 4.9 4.8 5.2 5.2 4.8

Service occupations ..................................................................................... 2.8 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.3 2.9

 Healthcare support occupations ........................................................... 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.1

 Protective service occupations ............................................................. 5.5 5.9 5.0 6.4 6.5 6.2

 Food preparation and serving related occupations .............................. 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.2 1.9

 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations ............. 3.7 3.6 4.1 4.0 4.3 3.8

 Personal care and service occupations ................................................ 2.4 2.6 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9

Sales and office occupations ........................................................................ 3.4 3.5 4.1 4.2 4.0 3.5

 Sales and related occupations ................................................................. 2.8 2.9 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.1

 Office and administrative support occupations ......................................... 4.1 4.2 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations .................. 3.5 4.0 4.7 4.7 4.4 4.5

 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ............................................... 3.6 3.1 4.2 3.9 3.2 4.1

 Construction and extraction occupations .................................................. 3.0 3.5 4.1 4.3 3.7 4.2

 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................................... 4.6 5.0 5.7 5.3 5.4 5.2

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ...................... 4.0 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.5 4.3

 Production occupations ............................................................................ 4.8 5.0 5.3 5.3 5.2 4.7

 Transportation and material moving occupations ..................................... 3.3 3.8 4.0 4.3 3.8 3.9

NOTE: Effective with January 2011 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2010 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population

Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised.

Data for 2011 and later years are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.