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August 2017 
                    Report 1069

				 
			


		
		

		
		

		
		


		
		
	

		
		
	

		
		
	

		
		
	

		
		
	

		
		
	

		
		
	

		
		
	























































																											



				 
                
                BLS Reports Menu
                    CONTENTS
                        Earnings of full-time workers
Earnings by age groupEarnings by race and ethnicityEarnings by educational attainmentEarnings by occupationOccupational distributions of women and menEarnings for those with and without children under 18Earnings by state of residenceWeekly work hours of full-time workers
Earnings of part-time workers
Earnings of workers paid by the hour
 
                          Statistical Tables 
						  Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers...Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers...Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers...Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers...Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours...Table 6. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual...Table 7. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers...Table 8. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly...Table 9. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by...Table 10. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or...Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or...Table 12. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for full-time...Table 13. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic...Table 14. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by educational...Table 15. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for wage and...Table 16. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic...Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for...Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and...Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational...Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and...Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic...Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary...Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary...Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary...Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly...Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly...
                          Technical Notes
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     Highlights of women’s earnings in 2016
Highlights of women’s earnings in 2016 imageIn 2016, women who were full-time wage and salary workers had median usual weekly earnings that were 82 percent of those of male full-time wage and salary workers. In 1979, the first year for which comparable earnings data are available, women’s earnings were 62 percent of men’s. Most of the growth in women’s earnings relative to men’s occurred in the 1980s and 1990s. Since 2004, the women’s-to-men’s earnings ratio has remained in the 80 to 83 percent range. (See chart 1 and tables 1 and 12.)This report presents earnings data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a national monthly survey of 60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The weekly and hourly earnings estimates in this report reflect information collected from one-fourth of the CPS monthly sample and averaged for the calendar year. These data are distinct from the annual earnings estimates for full-time, year-round workers collected separately in the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) to the CPS and published by the U.S. Census Bureau.The earnings comparisons in this report are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that can be significant in explaining earnings differences, such as job skills and responsibilities, work experience, and specialization. The earnings estimates referenced throughout this report are medians. The median is the mid-point in the earnings distribution, with half of workers having earnings above the median level and half having earnings below.See the accompanying technical notes section for more information, including a description of the source of the data and an explanation of the concepts and definitions used in this report.View Chart DataChart 1. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2016 annual averagesYearPercentage197962.3198064.2198164.4198265.7198366.5198467.6198568.1198669.5198769.8198870.2198970.1199071.9199174.2199275.8199377.1199476.4199575.5199675.0199774.4199876.3199976.5200076.9200176.4200277.9200379.4200480.4200581.0200680.8200780.2200879.9200980.2201081.2201182.2201280.9201382.1201482.5201581.1201681.9Note: Percentages are calculated from annual averages of median usual weekly earnings for full-time wage and salary workers.Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.Earnings of full-time workersBelow are data highlights for women and men who usually work full time (35 hours or more per week) in wage and salary jobs, with sections focusing on characteristics such as age, race and ethnicity, education, occupation, and more.Earnings by age groupIn 2016, median weekly earnings were $749 for all women age 16 and older. For men 16 and older, median weekly earnings were $915. Women’s median weekly earnings were highest for those between the ages of 35 and 54, with 35- to 44-year-olds ($839) and 45- to 54-year-olds ($836) earning about the same. For men, earnings were highest for 45- to 54-year-olds ($1,075) and 55- to 64-year-olds ($1,102). Young women and men age 16 to 24 had the lowest earnings ($486 and $512, respectively). (See chart 2 and table 1.)View Chart DataChart 2. Median usual weekly earnings of women and men who are full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 2016 annual averagesAgeWomenMen16 to 2448651225 to 3470579435 to 448391,00745 to 548361,07555 to 648121,10265 and older749992Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.In 2016, women’s earnings ranged from 74 to 83 percent of men’s among workers age 35 and older. For those under age 35, the earnings differences between women and men were smaller, with women earning 89 to 96 percent of what men did. (See table 1.)Between 1979 and 2016, women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios rose for most age groups, particularly in the prime working ages from 25 to 54. Among 25- to 34-year-olds, the ratio increased from 68 percent in 1979 to 89 percent in 2016; the ratio for 35- to 44-year-olds rose from 58 to 83 percent; and the ratio for 45- to 54-year-olds, from 57 to 78 percent. For workers age 55 to 64, the women’s-to-men’s earnings ratio rose from 61 to 74 percent over this period. For young workers age 16 to 24, the earnings ratio increased from 79 to 95 percent between 1979 and 2016, with the gains occurring primarily in the 1980s. (See table 12.)Earnings by race and ethnicityAsian women and men earned more than their White, Black, and Hispanic counterparts in 2016. Among women, Whites ($766) earned 85 percent as much as Asians ($902); Blacks ($641) earned 71 percent, and Hispanics ($586) earned 65 percent. In comparison, White men ($942) earned 82 percent as much as Asian men ($1,151); Black men ($718) earned 62 percent as much; and Hispanic men ($663), 58 percent. (See chart 3 and table 1.)View Chart DataChart 3. Median usual weekly earnings of women and men who are full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2016 annual averagesRace and Hispanic or Latino EthnicityWomenMenTotal749915White766942Black or African American641718Asian9021,151Hispanic or Latino ethnicity586663Note: People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race. Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include Hispanics.Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.Earnings differences between women and men were the most pronounced for Asians and for Whites. Asian women earned 78 percent as much as Asian men in 2016, and White women earned 81 percent as much as their male counterparts. In comparison, Black women had median earnings that were 89 percent of Black men’s, and Hispanic women’s earnings were 88 percent of Hispanic men’s. (See table 1.)Women’s earnings have increased considerably among the major race and Hispanic ethnicity groups since 1979 (the first year for which comparable data for Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics are available), with White women experiencing the greatest earnings growth. From 1979 to 2016, inflation-adjusted earnings (also called constant-dollar earnings) increased by 35 percent for White women, by 23 percent for Black women, and by 21 percent for Hispanic women. For White and Black women, earnings growth tapered off around 2004. Earnings for Hispanic women, however, have continued to increase, although substantial earnings growth for them did not begin until the late 1990s. (See table 18.)The long-term trend in men’s earnings has been quite different than that for women. Inflation-adjusted earnings for White and Black men trended down from 1979 through the first part of the 1990s, followed by a period of growth that stalled in the early 2000s. For Hispanic men, earnings also declined through the mid-1990s, then began to trend upward. Over the full period, 1979 through 2016, inflation-adjusted earnings for White, Black, and Hispanic men have changed little on net: a 2-percent gain for White and Black men, and a 2-percent decline for Hispanic men. (See table 18.)Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. Between 2000 and 2016, inflation-adjusted earnings grew by 18 percent for Asian women and by 21 percent for Asian men. (See table 18.)Earnings by educational attainmentMedian weekly earnings vary significantly by educational attainment. Among all workers age 25 and older, the weekly earnings of those without a high school diploma ($504) were 40 percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher ($1,259) in 2016. For workers with a high school diploma who had not attended college, median earnings ($692) were 55 percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher. Those with some college or an associate’s degree (median weekly earnings of $779) made 62 percent of what workers with a bachelor’s degree or more made. (See table 1.)In each educational attainment category, the long-term trend in inflation-adjusted earnings has been more favorable for women than for men. Although both women and men without a high school diploma have experienced declines in inflation-adjusted earnings since 1979, the drop for women was much smaller than that for men: a 10-percent decrease for women, compared with a 29-percent decline for men. On an inflation-adjusted basis, earnings for women with a bachelor’s degree or higher have increased by 35 percent since 1979. Earnings for men with a bachelor’s degree or higher have risen by 20 percent. (Data refer to workers age 25 and older.) (See chart 4 and table 19.)View Chart DataChart 4. Percentage change in inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings of women and men, by educational attainment, 1979–2016YearLess than a high school diplomaHigh school graduates, no collegeSome college or associate's degreeBachelor's degree and higherWomen-105635Men-29-19-1220Note: Data relate to earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, age 25 and older.Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.Earnings by occupationWomen and men working full time in management, business, and financial operations occupations had higher median weekly earnings than workers in any other major occupational category in 2016 ($1,099 for women and $1,491 for men). Within management, business, and financial operations occupations, women who were chief executives ($1,876) and computer and information systems managers ($1,680) had the highest median weekly earnings in 2016. Among men, those who were chief executives ($2,419) and architectural and engineering managers ($2,265) earned the most. (See table 2.)The second-highest paying occupational category for women and men was professional and related occupations ($998 for women and $1,364 for men). This is a broad occupational category made up of several distinct job groupings for specialized fields such as computer science and math, architecture and engineering, law, education, and healthcare. Within this diverse category, women who were pharmacists ($1,839) and nurse practitioners ($1,753) had the highest earnings in 2016. For men, those who were physicians and surgeons ($2,343), pharmacists ($2,096), and lawyers ($2,086) earned the most. (See table 2.)Occupational distributions of women and menThe occupational distributions of female and male full-time workers differ considerably. Compared with men, relatively few women work in construction, production, or transportation occupations, and women are far more concentrated in office and administrative support jobs. (See chart 5 and table 2.)View Chart DataChart 5. Distribution of full-time wage and salary employment for women and men, by major occupational group, 2016 annual averagesOccupationWomenMenManagement, business, and financial operations occupations17.816.6Professional and related occupations30.319.4Service occupations16.112.9Sales and related occupations8.68.9Office and administrative support occupations20.26.4Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations0.917.0Production, transportation, and material moving occupations6.018.8Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.Women also are more likely than men to work in professional and related occupations. In 2016, 30 percent of women worked in professional and related occupations, compared with 19 percent of men. Within the professional category, though, the proportion of women employed in the higher paying jobs is much smaller than the proportion of men employed in them. In 2016, 10 percent of women in professional and related occupations were employed in the relatively high-paying computer (median weekly earnings of $1,325 for women and $1,518 for men) and engineering ($1,207 for women and $1,529 for men) fields, compared with 46 percent of men. Women were more likely to work in education ($933 for women and $1,154 for men) and healthcare ($1,036 for women and $1,332 for men) jobs, which generally pay less than computer and engineering jobs. Sixty-eight percent of women in professional occupations worked in education and healthcare jobs in 2016, compared with 30 percent of men. (See table 2.)Across all occupational categories, the three most common jobs for women were elementary and middle school teacher ($981), registered nurse ($1,143), and secretary or administrative assistant ($708). Each of these occupations employed more than 2 million women in 2016, collectively representing 13 percent of women in full-time wage and salary jobs.Among men, the most common job by far was truck driver (driver/sales workers and truck drivers, $787). In 2016, 2.7 million, or 4 percent, of all male full-wage and salary workers were truck drivers. Although engineering jobs are shown separately by specialty (civil, mechanical, etc.) in this report, if combined, engineer would be the second most common job for men. In 2016, a total of 1.9 million men were employed full time in the 16 designated engineering specialties (median weekly earnings ranging from $1,526 to $1,901). (See table 2.)Earnings for those with and without children under 18In 2016, a little more than one-third of full-time wage and salary workers were parents of children under age 18. (As defined here, “children” includes only sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children under age 18 who live in the household.) Median weekly earnings for mothers of children under age 18 ($756) were little different from the earnings for women without children under 18 ($746). Earnings for fathers with children under 18 were $1,013, compared with $861 for men without children under 18. (See table 7.)Earnings by state of residenceMedian weekly earnings and women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios vary by state of residence. (In this report, “state” refers to the 50 states and the District of Columbia.) The differences among the states reflect, in part, variation in the occupations and industries found in each state and differences in the demographic composition of each state’s labor force. In addition, the sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national estimates. Thus, earnings comparisons between states should be made with caution. Readers also should note that the state estimates are based on workers’ state of residence; their reported earnings are not necessarily from a job located in the same state. (See table 3.)Weekly work hours of full-time workersAmong full-time workers (that is, those usually working at a job 35 hours or more per week), men are more likely than women to have a longer workweek. In 2016, 26 percent of men who usually work full time worked 41 or more hours per week, compared with 14 percent of women. Women were more likely than men to work 35 to 39 hours per week: 11 percent of women worked such hours in 2016, while 5 percent of men did. A majority of both male and female full-time workers had a 40-hour workweek. Among these workers, women earned 89 percent as much as men. (This analysis excludes people who usually work 35 or more hours per week but whose hours vary.) (See table 5.)Earnings of part-time workersWomen are more likely than men to work part time—that is, less than 35 hours per week on a sole or main job. Women who worked part time made up 25 percent of all female wage and salary workers in 2016. In comparison, 12 percent of men in wage and salary jobs worked part time. (See tables 4 and 5.)Median weekly earnings for female part-timers were $255 in 2016, slightly higher than the $245 median for men. (See table 4.)Part-time workers are more likely to be under age 25 than full-time workers. Among part-timers, 29 percent of women and 44 percent of men were under age 25 in 2016. Among full-time workers, 9 percent of women and 9 percent of men were under age 25. (See tables 1 and 4.)Earnings of workers paid by the hourIn 2016, 62 percent of women and 56 percent of men in wage and salary jobs were paid by the hour. Women who were paid hourly rates had median hourly earnings of $13.01, which were 87 percent of the median hourly earnings of men ($14.96). (See tables 8 and 11.)Among workers who were paid hourly rates in 2016, 3 percent of women and 2 percent of men had hourly earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage of $7.25. (See table 10.)Among both women and men, hourly paid workers age 16 to 19 were the most likely to have earnings at or below the minimum wage. Ten percent of teenage workers who were paid hourly rates earned the prevailing federal minimum wage or less in 2016, compared with just 2 percent of hourly paid workers age 25 and older. Five percent of workers age 20 to 24 had earnings at or below the federal minimum wage. (Seetable 10.) See the technical notes section for information about BLS estimates of the number of minimum wage workers.		
	
	 
	 Statistical Tables
        
                                                                                                                                                                                                                

Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics, 2016 annual averages

Characteristic
Total
Women
Men
Women's earnings as a percentage of men'sNumber of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of medianAgeTotal, 16 years and older
111,091
$832
$2
49,161
$749
$2
61,930
$915
$3
81.916 to 24 years
10,076
501
2
4,430
486
3
5,646
512
3
94.916 to 19 years
1,289
405
4
545
388
5
745
419
5
92.620 to 24 years
8,786
513
2
3,885
500
3
4,901
523
4
95.625 years and older
101,015
885
2
44,731
784
3
56,284
969
3
80.925 to 34 years
27,456
751
3
11,972
705
5
15,484
794
5
88.835 to 44 years
25,284
934
5
10,900
839
7
14,383
1,007
6
83.345 to 54 years
25,652
955
5
11,555
836
7
14,097
1,075
10
77.855 to 64 years
18,496
952
6
8,504
812
7
9,992
1,102
12
73.765 years and older
4,128
866
15
1,800
749
13
2,328
992
21
75.5Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicityWhite
86,474
862
3
37,163
766
3
49,310
942
4
81.3Black or African American
13,963
678
5
7,235
641
6
6,728
718
7
89.3Asian
7,030
1,021
13
3,142
902
18
3,888
1,151
12
78.4Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
18,950
624
4
7,284
586
4
11,666
663
6
88.4Marital statusNever married
32,229
656
3
14,150
625
4
18,079
682
4
91.6Married, spouse present(1)
61,044
960
3
24,849
838
5
36,195
1,062
6
78.9Widowed, divorced, or separated(2)
17,818
786
5
10,162
735
5
7,656
876
9
83.9Widowed
1,788
734
15
1,287
697
14
501
856
26
81.4Divorced
11,764
826
6
6,742
768
6
5,022
915
10
83.9Separated(2)
4,267
697
9
2,133
625
10
2,134
780
16
80.1Union affiliation(3)Members of unions(4)
13,119
1,004
5
5,697
955
8
7,421
1,050
11
91.0Represented by unions(5)
14,593
995
5
6,429
942
8
8,163
1,042
10
90.4Not represented by a union
96,498
802
2
42,731
723
3
53,767
890
4
81.2Educational attainmentTotal, 25 years and older
101,015
885
2
44,731
784
3
56,284
969
3
80.9Less than a high school diploma
7,108
504
3
2,204
423
3
4,904
551
8
76.8High school graduates, no college
25,475
692
3
9,856
599
3
15,619
769
5
77.9Some college or associate's degree
27,307
779
3
12,924
688
4
14,383
896
5
76.8Bachelor's degree and higher
41,125
1,259
4
19,747
1,101
7
21,378
1,464
8
75.2(1) Includes people in opposite-sex married couples only. See the technical notes section.

(2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent. See the technical notes section.

(3) Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, industry, and geographic region.

(4) Members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.

(5) Union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2016 annual averages

Occupation
Total
Women
Men
Women's earnings as a percentage of men'sNumber of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of medianTotal, full-time wage and salary workers
111,091
$832
$2
49,161
$749
$2
61,930
$915
$3
81.9Management, professional, and related occupations
45,930
1,188
5
23,674
1,027
5
22,256
1,420
8
72.3Management, business, and financial operations occupations
19,023
1,284
11
8,761
1,099
11
10,261
1,491
14
73.7Management occupations
12,828
1,370
10
5,314
1,148
9
7,514
1,539
10
74.6Chief executives
1,150
2,303
23
318
1,876
110
832
2,419
76
77.6General and operations managers
876
1,266
30
250
1,037
78
626
1,358
23
76.4Legislators
11
–
–
6
–
–
6
–
–
–Advertising and promotions managers
56
1,332
45
32
–
–
24
–
–
–Marketing and sales managers
921
1,468
40
403
1,142
49
518
1,745
42
65.4Public relations and fundraising managers
60
1,532
230
38
–
–
21
–
–
–Administrative services managers
172
1,261
54
71
952
50
101
1,398
49
68.1Computer and information systems managers
592
1,738
24
150
1,680
101
443
1,756
37
95.7Financial managers
1,105
1,423
35
578
1,157
24
527
1,670
87
69.3Compensation and benefits managers
16
–
–
12
–
–
3
–
–
–Human resources managers
263
1,340
31
190
1,283
57
73
1,737
109
73.9Training and development managers
58
1,507
147
31
–
–
27
–
–
–Industrial production managers
267
1,361
51
66
1,219
138
201
1,409
104
86.5Purchasing managers
187
1,274
137
92
1,169
39
95
1,400
48
83.5Transportation, storage, and distribution managers
288
990
40
51
988
424
237
990
37
99.8Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers
119
892
78
17
–
–
102
906
84
–Construction managers
487
1,395
40
35
–
–
452
1,401
39
–Education administrators
838
1,381
28
541
1,280
45
297
1,528
98
83.8Architectural and engineering managers
143
2,258
130
9
–
–
134
2,265
124
–Food service managers
760
739
17
350
632
28
410
853
47
74.1Funeral service managers
13
–
–
1
–
–
11
–
–
–Gaming managers
18
–
–
4
–
–
14
–
–
–Lodging managers
124
929
48
64
764
59
59
1,068
69
71.5Medical and health services managers
533
1,402
67
399
1,254
55
133
1,610
47
77.9Natural sciences managers
14
–
–
8
–
–
6
–
–
–Postmasters and mail superintendents
23
–
–
11
–
–
12
–
–
–Property, real estate, and community association managers
402
959
51
221
815
35
181
1,157
50
70.4Social and community service managers
363
1,079
71
248
992
43
115
1,206
102
82.3Emergency management directors
8
–
–
3
–
–
5
–
–
–Managers, all other
2,960
1,422
23
1,115
1,188
32
1,845
1,542
22
77.0Business and financial operations occupations
6,195
1,161
8
3,448
1,018
12
2,747
1,373
23
74.1Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes
23
–
–
12
–
–
11
–
–
–Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products
8
–
–
0
–
–
8
–
–
–Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products
152
838
49
83
765
29
68
942
61
81.2Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products
253
1,024
39
125
974
120
128
1,037
62
93.9Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators
321
969
25
206
912
21
114
1,139
63
80.1Compliance officers
252
1,243
38
146
1,163
55
106
1,274
97
91.3Cost estimators
104
1,159
34
9
–
–
96
1,172
54
–Human resources workers
631
1,139
26
465
1,089
41
166
1,364
179
79.8Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists
72
1,069
58
51
1,001
44
21
–
–
–Training and development specialists
129
1,103
37
82
959
74
47
–
–
–Logisticians
111
1,011
87
37
–
–
75
1,116
80
–Management analysts
585
1,476
41
253
1,342
40
332
1,586
61
84.6Meeting, convention, and event planners
119
867
49
88
852
39
30
–
–
–Fundraisers
64
1,111
88
42
–
–
22
–
–
–Market research analysts and marketing specialists
246
1,171
97
130
1,097
63
116
1,345
69
81.6Business operations specialists, all other
257
1,125
60
146
1,001
29
110
1,263
58
79.3Accountants and auditors
1,451
1,153
13
892
1,018
20
559
1,441
60
70.6Appraisers and assessors of real estate
31
–
–
13
–
–
19
–
–
–Budget analysts
48
–
–
26
–
–
22
–
–
–Credit analysts
28
–
–
13
–
–
15
–
–
–Financial analysts
277
1,525
108
104
1,252
40
173
1,747
62
71.7Personal financial advisors
399
1,404
32
142
953
45
258
1,714
93
55.6Insurance underwriters
102
1,113
106
68
910
46
34
–
–
–Financial examiners
13
–
–
6
–
–
7
–
–
–Credit counselors and loan officers
351
1,054
93
200
926
29
151
1,331
125
69.6Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents
58
1,138
62
38
–
–
20
–
–
–Tax preparers
53
1,049
75
33
–
–
20
–
–
–Financial specialists, all other
56
1,155
136
37
–
–
20
–
–
–Professional and related occupations
26,907
1,141
4
14,912
998
5
11,995
1,364
9
73.2Computer and mathematical occupations
4,104
1,443
18
1,035
1,325
23
3,068
1,518
20
87.3Computer and information research scientists
20
–
–
7
–
–
13
–
–
–Computer systems analysts
496
1,393
35
182
1,328
38
314
1,475
53
90.0Information security analysts
85
1,617
131
20
–
–
65
1,826
124
–Computer programmers
403
1,398
60
104
1,312
100
300
1,466
63
89.5Software developers, applications and systems software
1,351
1,776
37
266
1,553
22
1,084
1,863
26
83.4Web developers
142
1,236
44
45
–
–
97
1,284
168
–Computer support specialists
491
1,060
43
124
1,014
95
367
1,078
60
94.1Database administrators
83
1,731
199
37
–
–
46
–
–
–Network and computer systems administrators
197
1,232
44
29
–
–
168
1,250
51
–Computer network architects
105
1,502
50
12
–
–
93
1,535
67
–Computer occupations, all other
524
1,195
47
106
1,055
38
418
1,244
36
84.8Actuaries
12
–
–
1
–
–
11
–
–
–Mathematicians
4
–
–
0
–
–
3
–
–
–Operations research analysts
125
1,315
51
66
1,300
34
59
1,382
53
94.1Statisticians
65
1,405
85
35
–
–
30
–
–
–Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations
2
–
–
1
–
–
1
–
–
–Architecture and engineering occupations
2,835
1,482
18
398
1,207
47
2,437
1,529
17
78.9Architects, except naval
178
1,339
47
43
–
–
135
1,462
93
–Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists
28
–
–
9
–
–
19
–
–
–Aerospace engineers
124
1,854
88
10
–
–
114
1,846
84
–Agricultural engineers
2
–
–
0
–
–
2
–
–
–Biomedical engineers
14
–
–
2
–
–
12
–
–
–Chemical engineers
91
1,877
46
18
–
–
73
1,901
31
–Civil engineers
389
1,504
56
39
–
–
350
1,526
49
–Computer hardware engineers
58
1,843
32
12
–
–
46
–
–
–Electrical and electronics engineers
271
1,729
70
26
–
–
245
1,736
45
–Environmental engineers
31
–
–
5
–
–
27
–
–
–Industrial engineers, including health and safety
215
1,526
71
46
–
–
169
1,580
91
–Marine engineers and naval architects
19
–
–
1
–
–
18
–
–
–Materials engineers
26
–
–
5
–
–
21
–
–
–Mechanical engineers
335
1,560
22
24
–
–
311
1,567
21
–Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers
8
–
–
0
–
–
7
–
–
–Nuclear engineers
8
–
–
1
–
–
7
–
–
–Petroleum engineers
35
–
–
3
–
–
32
–
–
–Engineers, all other
493
1,573
67
63
1,401
152
430
1,659
58
84.4Drafters
93
990
102
10
–
–
83
1,030
124
–Engineering technicians, except drafters
350
997
25
75
793
49
275
1,075
50
73.8Surveying and mapping technicians
67
811
54
5
–
–
61
790
126
–Life, physical, and social science occupations
1,151
1,209
43
486
1,119
42
665
1,319
50
84.8Agricultural and food scientists
32
–
–
12
–
–
20
–
–
–Biological scientists
81
1,346
148
35
–
–
46
–
–
–Conservation scientists and foresters
26
–
–
4
–
–
23
–
–
–Medical scientists
127
1,211
52
57
1,169
56
69
1,250
107
93.5Life scientists, all other
3
–
–
3
–
–
0
–
–
–Astronomers and physicists
20
–
–
4
–
–
16
–
–
–Atmospheric and space scientists
6
–
–
1
–
–
5
–
–
–Chemists and materials scientists
93
1,306
70
36
–
–
56
1,504
66
–Environmental scientists and geoscientists
79
1,555
245
21
–
–
58
1,591
66
–Physical scientists, all other
241
1,416
50
111
1,323
75
131
1,727
138
76.6Economists
22
–
–
9
–
–
14
–
–
–Survey researchers
1
–
–
0
–
–
1
–
–
–Psychologists
91
1,260
51
66
1,187
79
25
–
–
–Sociologists
4
–
–
3
–
–
1
–
–
–Urban and regional planners
34
–
–
13
–
–
21
–
–
–Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers
30
–
–
11
–
–
19
–
–
–Agricultural and food science technicians
24
–
–
6
–
–
17
–
–
–Biological technicians
19
–
–
8
–
–
11
–
–
–Chemical technicians
75
919
38
25
–
–
50
919
31
–Geological and petroleum technicians
17
–
–
2
–
–
15
–
–
–Nuclear technicians
4
–
–
1
–
–
3
–
–
–Social science research assistants
1
–
–
0
–
–
1
–
–
–Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians
119
894
36
57
826
73
62
949
117
87.0Community and social service occupations
2,136
919
14
1,377
880
15
759
1,004
25
87.6Counselors
657
904
21
473
907
21
184
892
62
101.7Social workers
684
906
26
557
884
26
127
1,039
72
85.1Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists
100
992
43
61
1,004
69
39
–
–
–Social and human service assistants
151
736
29
122
727
46
29
–
–
–Miscellaneous community and social service specialists, including health educators and community health workers
83
831
41
63
767
26
20
–
–
–Clergy
368
1,039
40
53
893
75
315
1,070
41
83.5Directors, religious activities and education
49
–
–
26
–
–
23
–
–
–Religious workers, all other
42
–
–
21
–
–
21
–
–
–Legal occupations
1,294
1,431
31
732
1,152
30
562
1,904
22
60.5Lawyers
745
1,897
17
299
1,619
115
446
2,086
106
77.6Judicial law clerks
14
–
–
7
–
–
7
–
–
–Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers
56
1,560
501
21
–
–
35
–
–
–Paralegals and legal assistants
351
874
34
308
863
20
43
–
–
–Miscellaneous legal support workers
128
1,009
197
98
867
73
30
–
–
–Education, training, and library occupations
6,859
984
8
4,982
933
7
1,877
1,154
11
80.8Postsecondary teachers
980
1,247
23
445
1,152
20
535
1,356
28
85.0Preschool and kindergarten teachers
530
626
18
518
621
14
13
–
–
–Elementary and middle school teachers
2,836
1,009
11
2,231
981
10
605
1,126
21
87.1Secondary school teachers
965
1,111
18
562
1,074
24
403
1,146
19
93.7Special education teachers
313
1,021
27
264
1,018
27
49
–
–
–Other teachers and instructors
370
938
45
214
786
54
156
1,135
46
69.3Archivists, curators, and museum technicians
36
–
–
25
–
–
11
–
–
–Librarians
140
987
35
117
980
41
23
–
–
–Library technicians
10
–
–
8
–
–
2
–
–
–Teacher assistants
588
523
12
532
525
13
56
501
35
104.8Other education, training, and library workers
91
1,107
60
67
1,068
27
24
–
–
–Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
1,671
1,040
20
752
951
22
919
1,139
19
83.5Artists and related workers
61
1,236
27
23
–
–
38
–
–
–Designers
586
1,086
58
297
922
38
290
1,267
43
72.8Actors
13
–
–
5
–
–
8
–
–
–Producers and directors
128
1,163
41
50
1,030
81
78
1,228
150
83.9Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers
141
826
48
35
–
–
106
862
45
–Dancers and choreographers
5
–
–
4
–
–
2
–
–
–Musicians, singers, and related workers
37
–
–
13
–
–
24
–
–
–Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other
13
–
–
4
–
–
9
–
–
–Announcers
32
–
–
8
–
–
24
–
–
–News analysts, reporters and correspondents
58
1,166
170
27
–
–
30
–
–
–Public relations specialists
107
1,228
80
67
1,134
265
40
–
–
–Editors
120
1,053
33
56
1,035
26
64
1,112
88
93.1Technical writers
56
1,253
61
27
–
–
29
–
–
–Writers and authors
99
1,070
42
60
983
97
39
–
–
–Miscellaneous media and communication workers
59
745
76
36
–
–
24
–
–
–Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators
80
1,020
216
13
–
–
67
1,099
48
–Photographers
43
–
–
19
–
–
24
–
–
–Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors
31
–
–
7
–
–
24
–
–
–Media and communication equipment workers, all other
1
–
–
0
–
–
1
–
–
–Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
6,857
1,104
10
5,150
1,036
11
1,706
1,332
32
77.8Chiropractors
18
–
–
7
–
–
10
–
–
–Dentists
61
1,850
82
27
–
–
34
–
–
–Dietitians and nutritionists
82
986
56
71
997
50
11
–
–
–Optometrists
18
–
–
15
–
–
3
–
–
–Pharmacists
222
1,924
133
133
1,839
68
89
2,096
126
87.7Physicians and surgeons
806
1,916
61
308
1,476
116
497
2,343
140
63.0Physician assistants
75
1,544
55
50
1,547
55
25
–
–
–Podiatrists
4
–
–
0
–
–
3
–
–
–Audiologists
11
–
–
8
–
–
2
–
–
–Occupational therapists
71
1,365
61
61
1,315
50
10
–
–
–Physical therapists
197
1,325
29
128
1,306
34
69
1,348
32
96.9Radiation therapists
11
–
–
10
–
–
1
–
–
–Recreational therapists
9
–
–
3
–
–
6
–
–
–Respiratory therapists
76
998
30
54
993
37
22
–
–
–Speech-language pathologists
112
1,200
124
109
1,172
107
3
–
–
–Exercise physiologists
1
–
–
1
–
–
0
–
–
–Therapists, all other
137
920
54
106
913
53
32
–
–
–Veterinarians
65
1,338
357
46
–
–
19
–
–
–Registered nurses
2,498
1,154
10
2,213
1,143
10
285
1,261
27
90.6Nurse anesthetists
14
–
–
6
–
–
8
–
–
–Nurse midwives
5
–
–
5
–
–
0
–
–
–Nurse practitioners
144
1,750
49
133
1,753
45
11
–
–
–Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other
8
–
–
8
–
–
1
–
–
–Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians
295
887
34
198
834
25
97
1,071
97
77.9Dental hygienists
75
1,034
50
73
1,045
47
2
–
–
–Diagnostic related technologists and technicians
254
1,041
30
175
936
42
79
1,156
29
81.0Emergency medical technicians and paramedics
174
779
32
60
650
47
114
821
42
79.2Health practitioner support technologists and technicians
474
662
15
361
643
16
113
712
25
90.3Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses
525
749
12
481
743
12
44
–
–
–Medical records and health information technicians
170
798
27
159
793
28
11
–
–
–Opticians, dispensing
42
–
–
28
–
–
14
–
–
–Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians
107
745
23
64
714
20
43
–
–
–Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
96
1,083
152
47
–
–
49
–
–
–Service occupations
15,908
523
2
7,914
487
2
7,994
595
4
81.8Healthcare support occupations
2,423
525
5
2,094
519
4
329
602
14
86.2Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides
1,386
503
5
1,192
498
5
194
534
33
93.3Occupational therapy assistants and aides
13
–
–
12
–
–
1
–
–
–Physical therapist assistants and aides
48
–
–
32
–
–
15
–
–
–Massage therapists
45
–
–
30
–
–
15
–
–
–Dental assistants
199
592
15
180
583
17
19
–
–
–Medical assistants
488
572
13
452
562
14
36
–
–
–Medical transcriptionists
23
–
–
23
–
–
0
–
–
–Pharmacy aides
21
–
–
19
–
–
2
–
–
–Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers
24
–
–
17
–
–
7
–
–
–Phlebotomists
84
586
26
71
570
31
12
–
–
–Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations, including medical equipment preparers
94
537
52
65
504
21
29
–
–
–Protective service occupations
2,697
809
15
524
688
18
2,173
854
15
80.6First-line supervisors of correctional officers
55
873
88
20
–
–
35
–
–
–First-line supervisors of police and detectives
120
1,324
73
23
–
–
97
1,361
62
–First-line supervisors of fire fighting and prevention workers
45
–
–
3
–
–
41
–
–
–First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other
89
880
73
23
–
–
66
895
206
–Firefighters
252
1,065
75
8
–
–
244
1,056
79
–Fire inspectors
16
–
–
1
–
–
15
–
–
–Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers
365
749
16
91
672
25
275
793
30
84.7Detectives and criminal investigators
132
1,182
54
28
–
–
104
1,251
98
–Fish and game wardens
8
–
–
1
–
–
7
–
–
–Parking enforcement workers
6
–
–
2
–
–
4
–
–
–Police and sheriff's patrol officers
709
1,004
22
100
938
92
609
1,008
21
93.1Transit and railroad police
2
–
–
0
–
–
2
–
–
–Animal control workers
6
–
–
2
–
–
4
–
–
–Private detectives and investigators
60
904
57
29
–
–
31
–
–
–Security guards and gaming surveillance officers
727
585
11
152
516
19
576
597
12
86.4Crossing guards
23
–
–
12
–
–
11
–
–
–Transportation security screeners
40
–
–
16
–
–
23
–
–
–Lifeguards and other recreational, and all other protective service workers
42
–
–
14
–
–
28
–
–
–Food preparation and serving related occupations
4,619
465
5
2,202
434
6
2,417
491
5
88.4Chefs and head cooks
356
614
15
68
519
29
288
632
20
82.1First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers
425
528
17
251
485
14
174
666
71
72.8Cooks
1,408
444
7
515
421
6
892
459
9
91.7Food preparation workers
477
419
6
262
413
7
215
432
23
95.6Bartenders
253
602
25
122
498
33
131
701
32
71.0Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food
196
396
13
125
402
14
72
381
27
105.5Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop
68
374
19
49
–
–
20
–
–
–Waiters and waitresses
949
470
13
607
441
15
342
504
13
87.5Food servers, nonrestaurant
104
479
19
71
445
48
33
–
–
–Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers
133
420
9
51
407
12
82
465
66
87.5Dishwashers
172
389
9
30
–
–
142
388
11
–Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop
74
442
45
50
432
35
24
–
–
–Food preparation and serving related workers, all other
3
–
–
1
–
–
2
–
–
–Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
3,602
510
3
1,210
454
8
2,392
548
9
82.8First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers
189
655
41
71
524
33
119
702
20
74.6First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers
113
707
32
1
–
–
112
710
32
–Janitors and building cleaners
1,580
526
8
441
476
10
1,139
564
12
84.4Maids and housekeeping cleaners
781
441
9
661
427
9
120
497
15
85.9Pest control workers
61
655
29
2
–
–
59
649
28
–Grounds maintenance workers
878
502
6
34
–
–
844
503
6
–Personal care and service occupations
2,568
505
5
1,884
482
5
684
613
13
78.6First-line supervisors of gaming workers
127
792
46
59
717
71
68
840
173
85.4First-line supervisors of personal service workers
62
651
54
37
–
–
25
–
–
–Animal trainers
24
–
–
11
–
–
13
–
–
–Nonfarm animal caretakers
88
485
25
71
489
22
17
–
–
–Gaming services workers
64
624
42
31
–
–
33
–
–
–Motion picture projectionists
2
–
–
0
–
–
2
–
–
–Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers
14
–
–
8
–
–
6
–
–
–Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers
79
481
30
31
–
–
48
–
–
–Embalmers and funeral attendants
3
–
–
2
–
–
1
–
–
–Morticians, undertakers, and funeral directors
23
–
–
5
–
–
18
–
–
–Barbers
56
584
29
8
–
–
48
–
–
–Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists
307
510
15
281
500
15
27
–
–
–Miscellaneous personal appearance workers
205
490
19
167
466
45
37
–
–
–Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges
56
625
40
10
–
–
46
–
–
–Tour and travel guides
18
–
–
8
–
–
10
–
–
–Childcare workers
405
452
13
381
451
12
24
–
–
–Personal care aides
762
477
7
636
469
10
125
514
17
91.2Recreation and fitness workers
192
596
24
100
517
23
92
668
50
77.4Residential advisors
19
–
–
11
–
–
8
–
–
–Personal care and service workers, all other
61
573
33
26
–
–
35
–
–
–Sales and office occupations
23,625
698
3
14,163
649
3
9,461
805
8
80.6Sales and related occupations
9,759
744
6
4,250
590
6
5,509
904
12
65.3First-line supervisors of retail sales workers
2,368
743
10
1,047
630
13
1,321
857
15
73.5First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers
781
1,137
15
230
1,004
26
552
1,161
16
86.5Cashiers
1,367
414
5
965
403
5
402
475
16
84.8Counter and rental clerks
84
517
13
36
–
–
47
–
–
–Parts salespersons
96
639
24
11
–
–
85
643
22
–Retail salespersons
1,831
623
9
728
514
8
1,103
730
19
70.4Advertising sales agents
203
1,023
56
81
999
122
122
1,034
70
96.6Insurance sales agents
423
839
38
205
676
57
218
1,166
73
58.0Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents
219
1,351
71
63
951
51
155
1,458
120
65.2Travel agents
46
–
–
38
–
–
8
–
–
–Sales representatives, services, all other
427
1,040
66
145
826
63
282
1,202
94
68.7Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing
1,121
1,047
45
302
872
45
819
1,140
20
76.5Models, demonstrators, and product promoters
14
–
–
6
–
–
8
–
–
–Real estate brokers and sales agents
493
983
41
284
780
70
209
1,222
122
63.8Sales engineers
40
–
–
5
–
–
35
–
–
–Telemarketers
42
–
–
25
–
–
17
–
–
–Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers
34
–
–
11
–
–
23
–
–
–Sales and related workers, all other
171
805
54
68
709
73
103
946
78
74.9Office and administrative support occupations
13,866
679
3
9,913
669
4
3,952
708
8
94.5First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers
1,203
848
17
819
809
13
383
942
23
85.9Switchboard operators, including answering service
17
–
–
14
–
–
3
–
–
–Telephone operators
36
–
–
31
–
–
5
–
–
–Communications equipment operators, all other
5
–
–
4
–
–
1
–
–
–Bill and account collectors
144
625
31
105
650
40
39
–
–
–Billing and posting clerks
404
666
13
360
660
13
44
–
–
–Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks
756
722
13
641
716
13
115
790
43
90.6Gaming cage workers
9
–
–
8
–
–
1
–
–
–Payroll and timekeeping clerks
125
786
29
110
785
30
15
–
–
–Procurement clerks
25
–
–
16
–
–
9
–
–
–Tellers
235
542
13
195
539
13
39
–
–
–Financial clerks, all other
62
708
146
44
–
–
18
–
–
–Brokerage clerks
3
–
–
1
–
–
2
–
–
–Correspondence clerks
5
–
–
5
–
–
0
–
–
–Court, municipal, and license clerks
79
691
163
60
681
144
19
–
–
–Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks
41
–
–
33
–
–
8
–
–
–Customer service representatives
1,850
640
10
1,185
623
9
664
676
19
92.2Eligibility interviewers, government programs
72
828
61
55
735
48
17
–
–
–File clerks
134
676
25
113
680
21
21
–
–
–Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks
102
513
18
66
500
32
36
–
–
–Interviewers, except eligibility and loan
105
639
25
98
634
28
7
–
–
–Library assistants, clerical
45
–
–
38
–
–
8
–
–
–Loan interviewers and clerks
124
774
27
100
756
17
25
–
–
–New accounts clerks
21
–
–
21
–
–
0
–
–
–Order clerks
85
646
44
45
–
–
40
–
–
–Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping
36
–
–
32
–
–
4
–
–
–Receptionists and information clerks
951
583
7
848
581
7
103
600
26
96.8Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks
102
705
52
56
646
57
46
–
–
–Information and record clerks, all other
104
654
26
73
631
36
31
–
–
–Cargo and freight agents
23
–
–
9
–
–
14
–
–
–Couriers and messengers
160
726
60
25
–
–
135
739
46
–Dispatchers
279
704
24
153
671
27
126
734
24
91.4Meter readers, utilities
30
–
–
1
–
–
28
–
–
–Postal service clerks
111
901
122
53
805
39
58
999
36
80.6Postal service mail carriers
304
981
19
119
931
38
185
1,020
35
91.3Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators
56
783
89
23
–
–
33
–
–
–Production, planning, and expediting clerks
224
853
26
111
765
37
113
935
28
81.8Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks
473
596
10
151
583
18
322
602
12
96.8Stock clerks and order fillers
1,014
530
13
371
526
16
643
533
19
98.7Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping
45
–
–
24
–
–
21
–
–
–Secretaries and administrative assistants
2,210
713
7
2,078
708
7
133
831
43
85.2Computer operators
78
811
97
37
–
–
41
–
–
–Data entry keyers
221
638
18
170
630
23
51
655
25
96.2Word processors and typists
56
730
27
48
–
–
7
–
–
–Desktop publishers
0
–
–
0
–
–
0
–
–
–Insurance claims and policy processing clerks
251
665
19
210
658
22
40
–
–
–Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service
56
619
22
23
–
–
33
–
–
–Office clerks, general
900
654
11
760
648
11
140
707
30
91.7Office machine operators, except computer
30
–
–
16
–
–
14
–
–
–Proofreaders and copy markers
5
–
–
5
–
–
0
–
–
–Statistical assistants
7
–
–
2
–
–
5
–
–
–Office and administrative support workers, all other
457
768
16
351
751
18
107
855
54
87.8Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
11,022
786
5
464
580
14
10,558
794
5
73.0Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
842
520
8
169
465
20
673
544
13
85.5First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers
28
–
–
3
–
–
25
–
–
–Agricultural inspectors
18
–
–
5
–
–
13
–
–
–Animal breeders
2
–
–
1
–
–
1
–
–
–Graders and sorters, agricultural products
74
511
26
48
–
–
25
–
–
–Miscellaneous agricultural workers
659
508
8
111
423
14
547
524
11
80.7Fishers and related fishing workers
4
–
–
0
–
–
4
–
–
–Hunters and trappers
1
–
–
0
–
–
1
–
–
–Forest and conservation workers
17
–
–
1
–
–
17
–
–
–Logging workers
39
–
–
0
–
–
39
–
–
–Construction and extraction occupations
5,979
784
6
151
639
47
5,828
786
6
81.3First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers
558
1,091
39
18
–
–
540
1,101
44
–Boilermakers
26
–
–
0
–
–
26
–
–
–Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons
119
741
49
0
–
–
119
741
49
–Carpenters
839
730
19
11
–
–
828
733
20
–Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers
93
593
28
2
–
–
91
597
27
–Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers
47
–
–
0
–
–
47
–
–
–Construction laborers
1,322
692
11
41
–
–
1,281
697
11
–Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators
11
–
–
0
–
–
11
–
–
–Pile-driver operators
4
–
–
0
–
–
4
–
–
–Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators
334
920
40
6
–
–
328
922
46
–Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers
138
600
18
1
–
–
137
601
18
–Electricians
667
952
28
18
–
–
649
951
27
–Glaziers
48
–
–
1
–
–
47
–
–
–Insulation workers
42
–
–
2
–
–
40
–
–
–Painters, construction and maintenance
392
612
10
17
–
–
375
615
10
–Paperhangers
0
–
–
0
–
–
0
–
–
–Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters
475
927
40
11
–
–
464
925
41
–Plasterers and stucco masons
25
–
–
0
–
–
25
–
–
–Reinforcing iron and rebar workers
12
–
–
0
–
–
12
–
–
–Roofers
161
623
21
3
–
–
158
624
23
–Sheet metal workers
117
819
22
3
–
–
115
820
22
–Structural iron and steel workers
61
976
55
1
–
–
60
983
49
–Solar photovoltaic installers
10
–
–
0
–
–
10
–
–
–Helpers, construction trades
42
–
–
2
–
–
40
–
–
–Construction and building inspectors
68
996
53
6
–
–
62
1,040
121
–Elevator installers and repairers
41
–
–
0
–
–
41
–
–
–Fence erectors
30
–
–
0
–
–
29
–
–
–Hazardous materials removal workers
28
–
–
4
–
–
24
–
–
–Highway maintenance workers
85
745
119
2
–
–
83
723
69
–Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators
8
–
–
0
–
–
8
–
–
–Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners
9
–
–
0
–
–
9
–
–
–Miscellaneous construction and related workers
17
–
–
0
–
–
17
–
–
–Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining
29
–
–
0
–
–
29
–
–
–Earth drillers, except oil and gas
23
–
–
0
–
–
23
–
–
–Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters
10
–
–
0
–
–
9
–
–
–Mining machine operators
48
–
–
0
–
–
48
–
–
–Roof bolters, mining
3
–
–
0
–
–
3
–
–
–Roustabouts, oil and gas
4
–
–
0
–
–
4
–
–
–Helpers—extraction workers
3
–
–
0
–
–
3
–
–
–Other extraction workers
29
–
–
0
–
–
29
–
–
–Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
4,201
861
9
144
783
108
4,057
863
9
90.7First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers
246
1,020
31
25
–
–
221
1,016
33
–Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers
165
851
35
15
–
–
150
861
35
–Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers
132
950
54
22
–
–
110
975
40
–Avionics technicians
8
–
–
0
–
–
8
–
–
–Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers
26
–
–
2
–
–
23
–
–
–Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment
3
–
–
0
–
–
3
–
–
–Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility
15
–
–
1
–
–
14
–
–
–Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles
8
–
–
0
–
–
8
–
–
–Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers
33
–
–
1
–
–
32
–
–
–Security and fire alarm systems installers
69
927
133
1
–
–
68
909
176
–Aircraft mechanics and service technicians
136
1,047
54
2
–
–
134
1,053
54
–Automotive body and related repairers
117
761
35
5
–
–
112
770
47
–Automotive glass installers and repairers
14
–
–
0
–
–
14
–
–
–Automotive service technicians and mechanics
688
730
16
11
–
–
677
729
16
–Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists
298
874
27
1
–
–
297
875
26
–Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics
198
964
35
0
–
–
198
964
35
–Small engine mechanics
32
–
–
1
–
–
30
–
–
–Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers
74
641
139
0
–
–
73
646
148
–Control and valve installers and repairers
33
–
–
1
–
–
32
–
–
–Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers
361
864
23
4
–
–
357
868
23
–Home appliance repairers
25
–
–
0
–
–
25
–
–
–Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics
385
968
23
11
–
–
374
973
27
–Maintenance and repair workers, general
514
796
26
13
–
–
502
797
25
–Maintenance workers, machinery
20
–
–
1
–
–
19
–
–
–Millwrights
35
–
–
0
–
–
35
–
–
–Electrical power-line installers and repairers
126
1,161
96
1
–
–
125
1,165
92
–Telecommunications line installers and repairers
172
850
116
4
–
–
168
824
98
–Precision instrument and equipment repairers
56
910
44
10
–
–
46
–
–
–Wind turbine service technicians
5
–
–
0
–
–
5
–
–
–Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers
27
–
–
3
–
–
24
–
–
–Commercial divers
1
–
–
0
–
–
1
–
–
–Locksmiths and safe repairers
12
–
–
0
–
–
12
–
–
–Manufactured building and mobile home installers
7
–
–
0
–
–
7
–
–
–Riggers
11
–
–
0
–
–
11
–
–
–Signal and track switch repairers
4
–
–
0
–
–
4
–
–
–Helpers—installation, maintenance, and repair workers
10
–
–
1
–
–
9
–
–
–Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers
137
773
32
8
–
–
130
782
37
–Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
14,606
665
4
2,945
531
6
11,661
704
4
75.4Production occupations
7,513
668
6
1,949
527
6
5,564
723
6
72.9First-line supervisors of production and operating workers
729
923
22
131
723
37
599
972
27
74.4Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers
6
–
–
2
–
–
4
–
–
–Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers
105
590
18
50
554
24
55
618
23
89.6Engine and other machine assemblers
6
–
–
0
–
–
6
–
–
–Structural metal fabricators and fitters
22
–
–
0
–
–
22
–
–
–Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators
990
601
11
345
559
16
645
625
15
89.4Bakers
138
494
14
83
480
13
55
562
65
85.4Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers
244
526
24
61
449
40
183
571
32
78.6Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders
16
–
–
2
–
–
14
–
–
–Food batchmakers
81
537
37
42
–
–
40
–
–
–Food cooking machine operators and tenders
7
–
–
1
–
–
6
–
–
–Food processing workers, all other
129
547
21
41
–
–
88
579
34
–Computer control programmers and operators
85
802
139
6
–
–
80
843
71
–Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
13
–
–
2
–
–
11
–
–
–Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
5
–
–
0
–
–
5
–
–
–Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
13
–
–
3
–
–
9
–
–
–Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
86
639
35
18
–
–
68
672
55
–Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
8
–
–
0
–
–
8
–
–
–Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
45
–
–
3
–
–
42
–
–
–Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
13
–
–
0
–
–
12
–
–
–Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
2
–
–
0
–
–
2
–
–
–Machinists
326
824
35
13
–
–
313
844
49
–Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters
31
–
–
1
–
–
30
–
–
–Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic
3
–
–
0
–
–
3
–
–
–Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
28
–
–
7
–
–
21
–
–
–Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
2
–
–
1
–
–
1
–
–
–Tool and die makers
43
–
–
0
–
–
43
–
–
–Welding, soldering, and brazing workers
558
743
23
23
–
–
535
753
23
–Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
2
–
–
0
–
–
2
–
–
–Layout workers, metal and plastic
6
–
–
0
–
–
6
–
–
–Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
21
–
–
2
–
–
20
–
–
–Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners
4
–
–
0
–
–
4
–
–
–Metal workers and plastic workers, all other
380
626
20
74
565
20
306
658
29
85.9Prepress technicians and workers
15
–
–
7
–
–
8
–
–
–Printing press operators
170
701
30
33
–
–
137
748
41
–Print binding and finishing workers
11
–
–
2
–
–
9
–
–
–Laundry and dry-cleaning workers
135
454
32
80
436
33
55
486
34
89.7Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials
30
–
–
20
–
–
10
–
–
–Sewing machine operators
165
437
15
114
452
15
52
407
16
111.1Shoe and leather workers and repairers
4
–
–
1
–
–
3
–
–
–Shoe machine operators and tenders
1
–
–
0
–
–
1
–
–
–Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers
32
–
–
25
–
–
7
–
–
–Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders
0
–
–
0
–
–
0
–
–
–Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders
7
–
–
3
–
–
4
–
–
–Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders
13
–
–
11
–
–
2
–
–
–Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders
6
–
–
4
–
–
2
–
–
–Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers
0
–
–
0
–
–
0
–
–
–Fabric and apparel patternmakers
1
–
–
0
–
–
1
–
–
–Upholsterers
20
–
–
1
–
–
19
–
–
–Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other
13
–
–
2
–
–
11
–
–
–Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters
35
–
–
5
–
–
30
–
–
–Furniture finishers
9
–
–
1
–
–
8
–
–
–Model makers and patternmakers, wood
0
–
–
0
–
–
0
–
–
–Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood
31
–
–
4
–
–
27
–
–
–Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing
23
–
–
4
–
–
19
–
–
–Woodworkers, all other
17
–
–
1
–
–
15
–
–
–Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers
39
–
–
2
–
–
37
–
–
–Stationary engineers and boiler operators
77
924
112
4
–
–
72
954
167
–Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators
76
883
21
3
–
–
72
885
20
–Miscellaneous plant and system operators
42
–
–
3
–
–
38
–
–
–Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders
50
924
251
4
–
–
46
–
–
–Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers
88
643
38
6
–
–
82
642
37
–Cutting workers
62
576
73
13
–
–
50
546
175
–Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders
24
–
–
4
–
–
19
–
–
–Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders
11
–
–
1
–
–
10
–
–
–Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers
686
714
14
241
584
19
445
834
35
70.0Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers
18
–
–
7
–
–
11
–
–
–Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians
64
615
38
31
–
–
33
–
–
–Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders
224
488
16
113
425
17
112
574
32
74.0Painting workers
158
701
31
11
–
–
147
713
30
–Photographic process workers and processing machine operators
23
–
–
12
–
–
11
–
–
–Semiconductor processors
2
–
–
0
–
–
2
–
–
–Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders
12
–
–
5
–
–
7
–
–
–Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders
2
–
–
0
–
–
2
–
–
–Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders
0
–
–
0
–
–
0
–
–
–Etchers and engravers
3
–
–
0
–
–
3
–
–
–Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic
16
–
–
2
–
–
14
–
–
–Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders
27
–
–
7
–
–
21
–
–
–Tire builders
11
–
–
1
–
–
10
–
–
–Helpers—production workers
25
–
–
3
–
–
23
–
–
–Production workers, all other
887
622
13
246
515
12
641
690
17
74.6Transportation and material moving occupations
7,093
662
6
997
540
12
6,097
685
6
78.8Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers
165
807
34
39
–
–
126
843
62
–Aircraft pilots and flight engineers
119
1,582
95
7
–
–
112
1,600
70
–Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists
28
–
–
10
–
–
19
–
–
–Flight attendants
68
873
114
49
–
–
19
–
–
–Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians
15
–
–
2
–
–
13
–
–
–Bus drivers
343
641
17
146
589
22
197
691
32
85.2Driver/sales workers and truck drivers
2,809
780
10
120
630
44
2,689
787
10
80.1Taxi drivers and chauffeurs
261
580
19
38
–
–
222
595
19
–Motor vehicle operators, all other
25
–
–
2
–
–
23
–
–
–Locomotive engineers and operators
45
–
–
0
–
–
45
–
–
–Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators
3
–
–
1
–
–
3
–
–
–Railroad conductors and yardmasters
52
1,160
92
1
–
–
51
1,148
91
–Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation workers
13
–
–
1
–
–
13
–
–
–Sailors and marine oilers
15
–
–
1
–
–
14
–
–
–Ship and boat captains and operators
28
–
–
1
–
–
26
–
–
–Ship engineers
4
–
–
0
–
–
4
–
–
–Bridge and lock tenders
3
–
–
0
–
–
3
–
–
–Parking lot attendants
67
519
18
4
–
–
62
513
19
–Automotive and watercraft service attendants
73
462
18
5
–
–
67
456
18
–Transportation inspectors
25
–
–
5
–
–
20
–
–
–Transportation attendants, except flight attendants
20
–
–
10
–
–
10
–
–
–Other transportation workers
31
–
–
7
–
–
24
–
–
–Conveyor operators and tenders
4
–
–
0
–
–
4
–
–
–Crane and tower operators
66
909
48
0
–
–
66
909
48
–Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators
27
–
–
0
–
–
27
–
–
–Hoist and winch operators
11
–
–
0
–
–
10
–
–
–Industrial truck and tractor operators
564
602
9
54
563
30
510
604
10
93.2Cleaners of vehicles and equipment
252
491
14
28
–
–
224
487
14
–Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand
1,417
566
11
221
509
11
1,196
580
8
87.8Machine feeders and offbearers
27
–
–
13
–
–
14
–
–
–Packers and packagers, hand
383
456
12
216
437
22
166
468
14
93.4Pumping station operators
13
–
–
1
–
–
11
–
–
–Refuse and recyclable material collectors
68
562
125
4
–
–
64
584
65
–Mine shuttle car operators
0
–
–
0
–
–
0
–
–
–Tank car, truck, and ship loaders
3
–
–
0
–
–
2
–
–
–Material moving workers, all other
46
–
–
6
–
–
40
–
–
–Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by state, 2016 annual averages

State
Total
Women
Men
Women's earnings as a percentage of men'sNumber of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of medianUnited States
111,091
$832
$2
49,161
$749
$2
61,930
$915
$3
81.9Alabama
1,580
743
15
715
651
16
865
856
33
76.1Alaska
245
932
19
113
841
27
133
1,014
27
82.9Arizona
2,213
829
16
947
768
14
1,266
890
17
86.3Arkansas
1,014
716
13
459
638
16
555
769
17
83.0California
12,862
879
8
5,383
814
11
7,479
925
13
88.0Colorado
1,995
894
20
841
812
18
1,154
967
20
84.0Connecticut
1,232
1,014
27
555
876
33
677
1,164
35
75.3Delaware
357
831
22
166
775
21
191
902
27
85.9District of Columbia
306
1,198
33
152
1,117
28
154
1,274
38
87.7Florida
6,799
750
6
3,158
701
10
3,641
805
13
87.1Georgia
3,581
771
13
1,654
721
16
1,927
839
25
85.9Hawaii
494
794
16
218
718
21
276
869
29
82.6Idaho
540
759
14
220
645
18
320
843
19
76.5Illinois
4,513
887
12
1,979
775
13
2,534
978
19
79.2Indiana
2,402
762
16
1,079
702
22
1,322
829
22
84.7Iowa
1,143
763
13
528
684
17
614
895
23
76.4Kansas
1,026
762
13
460
692
19
566
851
33
81.3Kentucky
1,413
761
11
650
711
19
763
828
29
85.9Louisiana
1,517
757
15
704
659
21
813
863
28
76.4Maine
438
820
18
194
754
17
244
900
28
83.8Maryland
2,386
987
23
1,120
915
30
1,266
1,048
50
87.3Massachusetts
2,504
1,019
17
1,114
932
17
1,390
1,105
21
84.3Michigan
3,260
841
15
1,438
742
12
1,822
932
16
79.6Minnesota
2,035
946
16
901
849
25
1,134
1,020
28
83.2Mississippi
941
702
15
452
624
18
490
778
26
80.2Missouri
2,199
793
16
1,021
703
23
1,178
885
29
79.4Montana
314
781
17
138
705
19
176
866
23
81.4Nebraska
706
766
11
318
697
18
388
855
23
81.5Nevada
996
754
12
414
681
15
582
828
23
82.2New Hampshire
524
904
25
230
762
16
294
1,013
24
75.2New Jersey
3,324
998
13
1,448
894
25
1,877
1,113
27
80.3New Mexico
621
730
16
280
679
22
341
772
24
88.0New York
6,837
916
10
3,145
840
13
3,692
975
12
86.2North Carolina
3,533
761
10
1,598
704
11
1,935
836
19
84.2North Dakota
299
805
12
131
713
12
168
930
19
76.7Ohio
3,927
806
10
1,717
713
10
2,210
899
17
79.3Oklahoma
1,248
724
16
534
651
12
714
824
22
79.0Oregon
1,327
857
18
554
791
24
772
904
23
87.5Pennsylvania
4,453
857
12
1,984
741
11
2,468
956
12
77.5Rhode Island
385
839
19
179
765
30
206
907
21
84.3South Carolina
1,623
779
16
773
687
18
851
884
20
77.7South Dakota
309
778
14
137
670
12
172
876
16
76.5Tennessee
2,252
747
14
983
666
17
1,269
821
19
81.1Texas
9,801
780
8
4,197
707
10
5,603
860
12
82.2Utah
997
833
18
358
668
16
640
955
20
69.9Vermont
228
850
14
104
801
27
124
888
27
90.2Virginia
3,025
902
15
1,376
809
22
1,649
1,013
30
79.9Washington
2,506
929
21
1,065
814
18
1,441
1,056
33
77.1West Virginia
565
762
14
248
688
17
316
846
30
81.3Wisconsin
2,098
843
16
947
737
14
1,152
940
20
78.4Wyoming
199
848
17
82
699
22
117
970
28
72.1Note: In general, the sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national estimates; thus, comparisons of state estimates should be made with caution. Data shown are based on workers' state of residence; workers' reported earnings, however, may or may not be from a job located in the same state.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by selected demographic characteristics, 2016 annual averages

Characteristic
Total
Women
Men
Women's earnings as a percentage of men'sNumber of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of medianAgeTotal, 16 years and older
24,832
$252
$1
16,259
$255
$2
8,573
$245
$2
104.116 to 24 years
8,456
194
1
4,698
193
2
3,758
196
2
98.516 to 19 years
3,572
157
2
1,893
152
3
1,678
162
3
93.820 to 24 years
4,884
222
2
2,805
220
2
2,080
225
3
97.825 years and older
16,376
291
2
11,561
291
2
4,815
292
3
99.725 to 34 years
4,256
286
3
2,831
287
4
1,424
284
4
101.135 to 44 years
3,189
303
4
2,493
304
5
696
301
9
101.045 to 54 years
3,119
312
4
2,454
310
5
665
319
7
97.255 to 64 years
3,254
298
4
2,304
296
5
950
303
8
97.765 years and older
2,559
254
4
1,479
241
5
1,080
274
7
88.0Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicityWhite
19,536
254
1
12,913
259
2
6,623
244
2
106.1Black or African American
3,033
236
3
1,917
234
4
1,116
238
5
98.3Asian
1,305
264
6
827
267
8
478
260
8
102.7Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
4,115
247
3
2,667
246
3
1,449
250
5
98.4Marital statusNever married
11,991
214
1
6,648
213
2
5,342
216
2
98.6Married, spouse present(1)
9,310
307
2
6,923
305
3
2,387
312
5
97.8Widowed, divorced, or separated(2)
3,531
270
3
2,688
268
4
843
279
7
96.1Widowed
749
247
7
637
246
8
112
250
22
98.4Divorced
1,957
286
5
1,463
281
6
495
299
10
94.0Separated(2)
825
259
6
589
260
7
236
258
10
100.8(1) Refers to people in opposite-sex married couples only. See the technical notes section.

(2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent. See the technical notes section.

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours usually worked, 2016 annual averages

Hours of work
Total
Women
Men
Women's earnings as a percentage of men'sNumber of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of medianTotal, 16 years and older
136,101
$715
$2
65,512
$616
$2
70,589
$821
$3
75.00 to 34 hours
22,690
254
1
14,888
258
1
7,801
247
2
104.50 to 4 hours
545
61
2
365
61
3
179
62
4
98.45 to 9 hours
1,191
90
2
786
93
3
406
84
4
110.710 to 14 hours
1,987
117
1
1,346
118
1
641
115
2
102.615 to 19 hours
2,724
168
1
1,770
172
2
954
163
2
105.520 to 24 hours
6,692
229
2
4,343
239
2
2,349
217
2
110.125 to 29 hours
3,485
284
3
2,326
286
3
1,159
279
4
102.530 to 34 hours
6,064
362
3
3,951
374
4
2,113
339
5
110.335 hours and over
106,045
838
3
47,166
755
2
58,879
919
3
82.235 to 39 hours
8,148
527
5
5,386
544
6
2,762
495
8
109.940 hours
76,021
774
2
34,944
732
2
41,077
823
4
88.941 hours and over
21,876
1,250
5
6,836
1,129
8
15,040
1,332
9
84.841 to 44 hours
1,130
943
21
436
857
24
694
1,003
29
85.445 to 48 hours
6,141
1,098
14
2,171
996
15
3,970
1,152
10
86.549 to 59 hours
9,834
1,351
9
3,057
1,214
18
6,777
1,409
14
86.260 hours and over
4,772
1,412
18
1,172
1,226
33
3,600
1,474
22
83.2Hours vary
7,366
493
7
3,457
380
6
3,909
656
16
57.9Usually less than 35 hours
2,142
221
4
1,371
222
5
772
220
7
100.9Usually 35 or more hours
5,046
697
13
1,995
521
14
3,051
817
16
63.8Note: Data are for the sole or principal job of full-time and part-time workers. Estimates for the "hours vary" groups do not sum to totals because data are not presented for a small number of multiple jobholders whose usual number of hours on the principal job is not identifiable.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


Table 6. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2016 annual averages (in thousands)

Characteristic
Total employed
Number of workers with usual weekly earnings of—Under $350.00
$350.00 to $499.99
$500.00 to $599.99
$600.00 to $749.99
$750.00 to $999.99
$1,000.00 to $1,199.99
$1,200.00 to $1,999.99
$2,000.00 or moreAgeTotal, 16 years and older
111,091
5,903
16,067
10,429
15,085
19,018
11,406
21,707
11,47616 to 24 years
10,076
1,553
3,432
1,581
1,522
1,059
447
400
8116 to 19 years
1,289
377
544
141
114
70
23
17
420 to 24 years
8,786
1,177
2,888
1,440
1,408
990
424
383
7825 years and older
101,015
4,350
12,635
8,848
13,564
17,958
10,959
21,307
11,39525 to 34 years
27,456
1,378
4,501
3,112
4,375
5,205
2,840
4,517
1,52835 to 44 years
25,284
1,017
2,921
1,960
3,170
4,436
2,839
5,687
3,25445 to 54 years
25,652
968
2,784
1,994
3,108
4,467
2,834
5,933
3,56355 to 64 years
18,496
705
1,906
1,400
2,417
3,198
2,052
4,283
2,53565 years and older
4,128
281
523
383
494
652
394
887
514Women, 16 years and older
49,161
3,322
8,317
5,197
7,232
8,765
4,861
8,162
3,30516 to 24 years
4,430
793
1,573
673
633
452
172
113
2116 to 19 years
545
187
235
50
44
16
8
2
220 to 24 years
3,885
606
1,338
622
589
436
164
111
1925 years and older
44,731
2,528
6,744
4,524
6,599
8,313
4,689
8,049
3,28425 to 34 years
11,972
735
2,256
1,455
2,002
2,236
1,161
1,676
44935 to 44 years
10,900
603
1,540
956
1,466
1,996
1,225
2,147
96745 to 54 years
11,555
595
1,567
1,093
1,571
2,177
1,246
2,242
1,06355 to 64 years
8,504
447
1,097
819
1,304
1,613
884
1,667
67565 years and older
1,800
149
285
201
256
291
172
317
130Men, 16 years and older
61,930
2,581
7,749
5,232
7,853
10,253
6,546
13,545
8,17116 to 24 years
5,646
760
1,859
908
888
608
275
287
6016 to 19 years
745
190
309
90
70
53
15
15
220 to 24 years
4,901
570
1,550
818
819
554
260
272
5825 years and older
56,284
1,821
5,890
4,324
6,965
9,645
6,270
13,258
8,11125 to 34 years
15,484
644
2,245
1,656
2,373
2,969
1,678
2,841
1,07935 to 44 years
14,383
415
1,381
1,003
1,704
2,440
1,614
3,540
2,28745 to 54 years
14,097
373
1,217
901
1,537
2,290
1,587
3,691
2,50155 to 64 years
9,992
258
810
581
1,113
1,585
1,168
2,616
1,86165 years and older
2,328
132
238
182
238
361
222
570
384Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicityWhite
86,474
4,186
11,694
7,841
11,650
14,905
9,207
17,659
9,332Women
37,163
2,311
5,949
3,835
5,478
6,741
3,828
6,446
2,575Men
49,310
1,875
5,744
4,006
6,172
8,164
5,379
11,213
6,758Black or African American
13,963
1,144
2,890
1,622
2,151
2,543
1,189
1,732
691Women
7,235
676
1,605
887
1,139
1,268
600
767
294Men
6,728
469
1,285
736
1,013
1,275
589
966
397Asian
7,030
294
810
532
741
986
707
1,763
1,197Women
3,142
178
422
283
371
476
312
761
339Men
3,888
116
389
249
370
510
394
1,002
858Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
18,950
1,549
4,522
2,358
3,137
2,887
1,428
2,216
853Women
7,284
800
1,953
945
1,126
1,074
461
675
249Men
11,666
749
2,569
1,413
2,010
1,812
967
1,541
604Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


Table 7. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by marital status and presence and age of own children under 18 years old, 2016 annual averages

Characteristic
Number of workers (thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of medianWomenTotal, all marital statuses
49,161
$749
$2With children under 18 years old
17,288
756
4With children 6 to 17, none younger
10,517
772
6With children under 6 years old
6,771
730
7With no children under 18 years old
31,873
746
3Total, married, spouse present(1)
24,849
838
5With children under 18 years old
11,327
870
7With children 6 to 17, none younger
6,810
857
9With children under 6 years old
4,516
885
9With no children under 18 years old
13,523
815
6Total, other marital statuses(2)
24,312
671
3With children under 18 years old
5,961
607
4With children 6 to 17, none younger
3,706
662
8With children under 6 years old
2,255
524
7With no children under 18 years old
18,350
697
4MenTotal, all marital statuses
61,930
915
3With children under 18 years old
22,021
1,013
5With children 6 to 17, none younger
11,953
1,085
12With children under 6 years old
10,068
952
8With no children under 18 years old
39,909
861
4Total, married, spouse present(1)
36,195
1,062
6With children under 18 years old
19,297
1,071
8With children 6 to 17, none younger
10,623
1,134
9With children under 6 years old
8,674
1,013
8With no children under 18 years old
16,898
1,053
8Total, other marital statuses(2)
25,736
732
4With children under 18 years old
2,724
719
10With children 6 to 17, none younger
1,330
813
21With children under 6 years old
1,394
652
13With no children under 18 years old
23,011
733
4(1) Refers to people in opposite-sex married couples only. See the technical notes section.

(2) Includes people who are never married; widowed; divorced; separated; and married, spouse absent. See the technical notes section.

Note: "Children" refers to "own" children and includes sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children under age 18 who live in the household. Not included are other related children, such as grandchildren, nieces, nephews, and cousins, as well as unrelated children in the household.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.



Table 8. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected characteristics, 2016 annual averages

Characteristic
Total
Women
Men
Women's earnings as a percentage of men'sNumber of workers (thousands)
Median hourly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers (thousands)
Median hourly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers (thousands)
Median hourly earnings
Standard error of medianAgeTotal, 16 years and older
79,883
$14.00
$0.03
40,315
$13.01
$0.03
39,568
$14.96
$0.02
87.016 to 24 years
15,856
10.12
0.01
7,890
10.00
0.02
7,967
10.24
0.04
97.716 to 19 years
4,592
9.20
0.03
2,314
9.07
0.03
2,278
9.48
0.09
95.720 to 24 years
11,264
10.79
0.05
5,576
10.25
0.04
5,688
11.15
0.05
91.925 years and older
64,026
15.13
0.02
32,425
14.23
0.06
31,601
16.25
0.08
87.625 to 34 years
18,988
14.00
0.04
9,044
13.08
0.06
9,943
14.83
0.04
88.235 to 44 years
14,609
15.77
0.11
7,285
14.75
0.12
7,324
17.20
0.15
85.845 to 54 years
14,957
16.29
0.12
7,727
14.97
0.05
7,229
18.03
0.08
83.055 to 64 years
11,742
16.20
0.12
6,321
15.10
0.05
5,421
18.05
0.11
83.765 years and older
3,731
13.77
0.20
2,048
13.02
0.15
1,683
14.78
0.18
88.1Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicityWhite
61,080
14.24
0.05
30,256
13.20
0.05
30,823
15.13
0.03
87.2Black or African American
11,681
12.49
0.10
6,385
12.09
0.06
5,297
13.06
0.09
92.6Asian
3,962
14.79
0.12
2,121
14.07
0.14
1,841
15.04
0.08
93.6Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
16,241
12.69
0.08
7,197
11.79
0.06
9,044
13.83
0.10
85.2Marital statusNever married
31,473
11.78
0.04
14,975
11.03
0.04
16,498
12.10
0.03
91.2Married, spouse present(1)
35,193
16.07
0.04
17,195
14.91
0.03
17,999
17.73
0.10
84.1Widowed, divorced, or separated(2)
13,216
14.75
0.09
8,145
13.81
0.09
5,071
15.78
0.16
87.5Widowed
1,642
13.63
0.25
1,273
13.15
0.22
369
15.11
0.20
87.0Divorced
8,230
15.17
0.05
4,994
14.62
0.18
3,235
16.86
0.20
86.7Separated(2)
3,344
13.02
0.11
1,878
12.17
0.12
1,466
14.11
0.18
86.3Union affiliation(3)Members of unions(4)
8,606
19.55
0.18
3,369
17.50
0.23
5,237
20.93
0.21
83.6Represented by unions(5)
9,525
19.15
0.16
3,829
17.23
0.18
5,696
20.55
0.26
83.9Not represented by a union
70,357
13.34
0.05
36,486
12.68
0.05
33,872
14.23
0.07
89.1Educational attainmentTotal, 25 years and older
64,026
15.13
0.02
32,425
14.23
0.06
31,601
16.25
0.08
87.6Less than a high school diploma
6,854
11.68
0.11
2,660
10.20
0.03
4,194
12.65
0.13
80.6High school graduates, no college
21,880
14.52
0.09
9,878
12.73
0.07
12,002
15.93
0.07
79.9Some college or associate's degree
21,344
15.43
0.09
11,561
14.68
0.10
9,783
17.20
0.11
85.3Bachelor's degree and higher
13,948
19.94
0.05
8,326
19.53
0.20
5,622
20.79
0.31
93.9(1) Refers to people in opposite-sex married couples only. See the technical notes section.

(2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent. See the technical notes section.

(3) Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, industry, and geographic region.

(4) Members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.

(5) Union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


Table 9. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2016 annual averages (in thousands)

Characteristic
Total employed
Number of workers with hourly earnings of—Under $6.00
$6.00 to $7.99
$8.00 to $9.99
$10.00 to $11.99
$12.00 to $14.99
$15.00 to $19.99
$20.00 or moreAgeTotal, 16 years and older
79,883
1,160
2,017
10,525
14,646
14,604
16,603
20,32716 to 24 years
15,856
471
1,068
4,535
4,482
2,922
1,695
68316 to 19 years
4,592
153
587
1,967
1,251
411
177
4520 to 24 years
11,264
318
481
2,568
3,231
2,510
1,518
63825 years and older
64,026
689
949
5,990
10,164
11,682
14,908
19,64425 to 34 years
18,988
325
352
2,127
3,543
4,040
4,505
4,09635 to 44 years
14,609
151
181
1,275
2,149
2,517
3,376
4,96045 to 54 years
14,957
117
198
1,140
2,065
2,519
3,450
5,46755 to 64 years
11,742
77
120
960
1,631
1,930
2,848
4,17665 years and older
3,731
18
98
489
776
676
729
946Women, 16 years and older
40,315
774
1,235
6,278
8,013
7,660
7,929
8,42616 to 24 years
7,890
321
619
2,400
2,257
1,368
664
26016 to 19 years
2,314
93
331
1,044
589
177
63
1620 to 24 years
5,576
228
288
1,356
1,668
1,191
601
24425 years and older
32,425
453
616
3,878
5,757
6,292
7,265
8,16525 to 34 years
9,044
208
219
1,252
1,829
1,962
1,894
1,68135 to 44 years
7,285
105
133
842
1,239
1,356
1,620
1,99045 to 54 years
7,727
69
136
787
1,267
1,456
1,739
2,27355 to 64 years
6,321
61
65
690
986
1,122
1,620
1,77665 years and older
2,048
11
62
306
435
396
392
445Men, 16 years and older
39,568
386
783
4,247
6,633
6,944
8,674
11,90216 to 24 years
7,967
150
449
2,135
2,226
1,553
1,031
42316 to 19 years
2,278
60
256
922
663
234
114
2920 to 24 years
5,688
90
193
1,212
1,563
1,319
917
39425 years and older
31,601
236
333
2,112
4,407
5,390
7,643
11,47925 to 34 years
9,943
117
134
875
1,714
2,079
2,611
2,41435 to 44 years
7,324
46
48
433
910
1,161
1,757
2,96945 to 54 years
7,229
48
62
353
798
1,062
1,711
3,19555 to 64 years
5,421
16
55
270
645
809
1,227
2,39965 years and older
1,683
8
35
182
341
280
336
501Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicityWhite
61,080
938
1,343
7,584
10,855
11,060
12,874
16,425Women
30,256
647
814
4,510
5,879
5,777
5,993
6,637Men
30,823
292
530
3,074
4,975
5,284
6,881
9,788Black or African American
11,681
124
537
2,024
2,393
2,210
2,326
2,067Women
6,385
65
339
1,228
1,362
1,166
1,274
950Men
5,297
59
198
795
1,031
1,044
1,052
1,116Asian
3,962
59
63
417
723
715
777
1,209Women
2,121
37
38
237
415
400
399
595Men
1,841
22
25
180
309
315
378
613Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
16,241
209
325
2,308
3,889
3,277
3,350
2,884Women
7,197
132
201
1,316
1,949
1,457
1,241
901Men
9,044
77
124
992
1,940
1,819
2,109
1,983Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.



Table 10. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, by selected demographic characteristics, 2016 annual averages

Characteristic
Workers paid hourly ratesTotal (thousands)
Below prevailing federal minimum wage (thousands)
At prevailing federal minimum wage (thousands)
Total at or below prevailing federal minimum wageNumber (thousands)
Percentage of workers paid hourly ratesAgeTotal, 16 years and older
79,883
1,451
701
2,153
2.716 to 24 years
15,856
594
383
976
6.216 to 19 years
4,592
229
214
443
9.720 to 24 years
11,264
364
169
533
4.725 years and older
64,026
857
319
1,176
1.825 to 34 years
18,988
393
132
526
2.835 to 44 years
14,609
178
63
241
1.645 to 54 years
14,957
152
65
217
1.555 to 64 years
11,742
100
28
129
1.165 years and older
3,731
34
30
64
1.7Women, 16 years and older
40,315
952
432
1,384
3.416 to 24 years
7,890
384
235
619
7.816 to 19 years
2,314
133
127
260
11.320 to 24 years
5,576
251
108
359
6.425 years and older
32,425
568
196
764
2.425 to 34 years
9,044
257
73
330
3.635 to 44 years
7,285
125
43
168
2.345 to 54 years
7,727
88
45
132
1.755 to 64 years
6,321
77
14
91
1.465 years and older
2,048
21
21
43
2.1Men, 16 years and older
39,568
499
270
769
1.916 to 24 years
7,967
210
147
357
4.516 to 19 years
2,278
96
87
183
8.020 to 24 years
5,688
114
61
174
3.125 years and older
31,601
289
122
412
1.325 to 34 years
9,943
136
60
196
2.035 to 44 years
7,324
53
19
72
1.045 to 54 years
7,229
64
21
85
1.255 to 64 years
5,421
24
14
38
0.765 years and older
1,683
13
9
21
1.3Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicityWhite
61,080
1,127
469
1,597
2.6Women
30,256
763
280
1,043
3.4Men
30,823
364
190
554
1.8Black or African American
11,681
197
193
390
3.3Women
6,385
103
131
234
3.7Men
5,297
93
62
156
2.9Asian
3,962
75
21
96
2.4Women
2,121
50
11
61
2.9Men
1,841
25
10
35
1.9Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
16,241
264
103
366
2.3Women
7,197
171
59
229
3.2Men
9,044
93
44
137
1.5Full- and part-time status(1)Full-time workers
59,198
702
183
884
1.5Women
26,780
434
116
550
2.1Men
32,418
268
66
334
1.0Part-time workers
20,582
748
519
1,267
6.2Women
13,474
517
316
833
6.2Men
7,108
231
203
434
6.1(1) The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data do not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders.

Note: See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers. Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.



Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, 1979–2016 annual averages

Year
Total wage and salary workers (thousands)
Workers paid hourly ratesTotal (thousands)
Percentage of total wage and salary workers
Below prevailing federal minimum wage(1) (thousands)
At prevailing federal minimum wage(1) (thousands)
Total at or below prevailing federal minimum wageNumber (thousands)
Percentage of workers paid hourly ratesTotal1979
87,529
51,721
59.1
2,916
3,997
6,912
13.41980
87,644
51,335
58.6
3,087
4,686
7,773
15.11981
88,516
51,869
58.6
3,513
4,311
7,824
15.11982
87,368
50,846
58.2
2,348
4,148
6,496
12.81983
88,290
51,820
58.7
2,077
4,261
6,338
12.21984
92,194
54,143
58.7
1,838
4,125
5,963
11.01985
94,521
55,762
59.0
1,639
3,899
5,538
9.91986
96,903
57,529
59.4
1,599
3,461
5,060
8.81987
99,303
59,552
60.0
1,468
3,229
4,698
7.91988
101,407
60,878
60.0
1,319
2,608
3,927
6.51989
103,480
62,389
60.3
1,372
1,790
3,162
5.11990
104,876
63,172
60.2
2,132
1,096
3,228
5.11991
103,723
62,627
60.4
2,377
2,906
5,283
8.41992
104,668
63,610
60.8
1,939
2,982
4,921
7.71993
106,101
64,274
60.6
1,707
2,625
4,332
6.71994
107,989
66,549
61.6
1,995
2,132
4,128
6.21995
110,038
68,354
62.1
1,699
1,956
3,656
5.31996
111,960
69,255
61.9
1,863
1,861
3,724
5.41997
114,533
70,735
61.8
2,990
1,764
4,754
6.71998
116,730
71,440
61.2
2,834
1,593
4,427
6.21999
118,963
72,306
60.8
2,194
1,146
3,340
4.62000
122,089
73,496
60.2
1,752
898
2,650
3.62001
122,229
73,392
60.0
1,518
656
2,174
3.02002
121,826
72,508
59.5
1,579
567
2,146
3.02003
122,358
72,946
59.6
1,555
545
2,100
2.92004
123,554
73,939
59.8
1,483
520
2,003
2.72005
125,889
75,609
60.1
1,403
479
1,882
2.52006
128,237
76,514
59.7
1,283
409
1,692
2.22007
129,767
75,873
58.5
1,462
267
1,729
2.32008
129,377
75,305
58.2
1,940
286
2,226
3.02009
124,490
72,611
58.3
2,592
980
3,572
4.92010
124,073
72,902
58.8
2,541
1,820
4,361
6.02011
125,187
73,926
59.1
2,152
1,677
3,829
5.22012
127,577
75,276
59.0
1,984
1,566
3,550
4.72013
129,110
75,948
58.8
1,768
1,532
3,301
4.32014
131,431
77,207
58.7
1,737
1,255
2,992
3.92015
133,743
78,232
58.5
1,691
870
2,561
3.32016
136,101
79,883
58.7
1,451
701
2,153
2.7Women1979
38,129
23,329
61.2
2,070
2,644
4,714
20.21980
38,944
23,626
60.7
2,104
2,990
5,095
21.61981
39,672
24,294
61.2
2,394
2,778
5,172
21.31982
39,777
24,365
61.3
1,651
2,561
4,212
17.31983
40,433
24,989
61.8
1,492
2,603
4,095
16.41984
42,172
26,003
61.7
1,348
2,499
3,847
14.81985
43,506
26,869
61.8
1,198
2,356
3,554
13.21986
44,961
27,863
62.0
1,192
2,125
3,317
11.91987
46,365
29,078
62.7
1,105
1,946
3,051
10.51988
47,495
29,820
62.8
1,008
1,542
2,550
8.61989
48,691
30,702
63.1
994
1,056
2,050
6.71990
49,323
31,069
63.0
1,420
711
2,131
6.91991
49,105
30,988
63.1
1,582
1,792
3,374
10.91992
49,842
31,454
63.1
1,286
1,751
3,036
9.71993
50,626
31,937
63.1
1,133
1,534
2,667
8.41994
51,419
33,021
64.2
1,322
1,241
2,563
7.81995
52,369
33,934
64.8
1,157
1,161
2,318
6.81996
53,488
34,418
64.3
1,244
1,106
2,350
6.81997
54,708
35,214
64.4
1,843
1,092
2,935
8.31998
55,757
35,680
64.0
1,794
965
2,760
7.71999
57,050
36,233
63.5
1,426
700
2,126
5.92000
58,427
36,777
62.9
1,170
579
1,749
4.82001
58,582
36,848
62.9
1,021
409
1,430
3.92002
58,555
36,508
62.3
997
350
1,347
3.72003
59,122
37,093
62.7
1,062
332
1,394
3.82004
59,408
37,133
62.5
1,013
310
1,323
3.62005
60,423
37,957
62.8
944
290
1,234
3.32006
61,426
38,321
62.4
861
263
1,124
2.92007
62,299
38,082
61.1
1,002
181
1,183
3.12008
62,532
37,972
60.7
1,302
196
1,498
3.92009
60,951
37,426
61.4
1,603
612
2,215
5.92010
60,542
37,404
61.8
1,598
1,151
2,749
7.32011
60,502
37,469
61.9
1,366
1,029
2,395
6.42012
61,679
38,163
61.9
1,288
999
2,287
6.02013
62,316
38,404
61.6
1,148
910
2,058
5.42014
63,383
38,802
61.2
1,139
739
1,878
4.82015
64,445
39,500
61.3
1,062
540
1,602
4.12016
65,512
40,315
61.5
952
432
1,384
3.4Men1979
49,400
28,392
57.5
846
1,353
2,199
7.71980
48,700
27,709
56.9
983
1,696
2,678
9.71981
48,844
27,576
56.5
1,119
1,533
2,652
9.61982
47,591
26,481
55.6
697
1,587
2,284
8.61983
47,856
26,831
56.1
585
1,658
2,243
8.41984
50,022
28,140
56.3
490
1,626
2,116
7.51985
51,015
28,893
56.6
440
1,544
1,984
6.91986
51,942
29,666
57.1
408
1,336
1,743
5.91987
52,938
30,474
57.6
364
1,283
1,647
5.41988
53,912
31,058
57.6
311
1,066
1,377
4.41989
54,789
31,687
57.8
379
733
1,112
3.51990
55,553
32,104
57.8
712
385
1,097
3.41991
54,618
31,639
57.9
795
1,114
1,909
6.01992
54,826
32,155
58.6
653
1,231
1,885
5.91993
55,475
32,337
58.3
573
1,091
1,664
5.11994
56,570
33,528
59.3
674
891
1,565
4.71995
57,669
34,420
59.7
542
796
1,338
3.91996
58,473
34,838
59.6
619
755
1,374
3.91997
59,825
35,521
59.4
1,147
673
1,820
5.11998
60,973
35,761
58.7
1,039
628
1,667
4.71999
61,914
36,073
58.3
768
446
1,214
3.42000
63,662
36,720
57.7
582
319
901
2.52001
63,647
36,544
57.4
497
247
744
2.02002
63,272
36,000
56.9
582
217
799
2.22003
63,236
35,853
56.7
493
213
706
2.02004
64,145
36,806
57.4
470
210
680
1.82005
65,466
37,652
57.5
459
189
648
1.72006
66,811
38,193
57.2
422
146
568
1.52007
67,468
37,790
56.0
460
86
546
1.42008
66,846
37,334
55.9
638
90
728
1.92009
63,539
35,185
55.4
990
368
1,358
3.92010
63,531
35,498
55.9
943
669
1,612
4.52011
64,686
36,457
56.4
785
648
1,433
3.92012
65,898
37,113
56.3
696
567
1,263
3.42013
66,794
37,544
56.2
621
622
1,243
3.32014
68,048
38,405
56.4
598
516
1,114
2.92015
69,298
38,732
55.9
629
330
959
2.52016
70,589
39,568
56.1
499
270
769
1.9Footnotes:(1) Data for 1990–91, 1996–97, and 2007–09 reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place in those years.

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


Table 12. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2016

Year
Total, 16 years and older
16 to 24 years
25 years and olderTotal
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and older1979
62.3
78.6
85.2
76.3
62.1
67.5
58.3
56.8
60.6
77.61980
64.2
80.3
89.5
78.1
62.8
69.4
58.3
56.9
59.4
76.41981
64.4
82.6
91.7
80.6
62.6
70.3
59.9
56.8
58.9
71.11982
65.7
85.3
92.9
82.4
64.9
72.1
61.1
60.1
61.4
70.31983
66.5
88.8
94.0
85.5
65.8
73.3
61.5
59.5
61.8
68.81984
67.6
87.9
93.1
85.2
67.1
74.6
62.0
59.4
61.5
66.81985
68.1
87.6
90.7
85.7
66.8
75.1
63.0
59.7
61.0
65.91986
69.5
89.0
91.4
87.5
66.5
76.1
63.9
60.9
61.2
71.51987
69.8
88.3
87.8
88.0
67.3
76.7
66.1
62.3
62.2
68.71988
70.2
89.7
89.8
90.0
68.8
77.7
68.5
61.7
62.3
70.91989
70.1
90.8
94.3
89.7
70.2
78.3
68.3
62.7
63.9
74.31990
71.9
90.1
90.8
90.3
72.1
79.3
69.6
63.8
63.7
74.41991
74.2
93.3
93.6
93.3
74.0
81.0
70.7
65.0
64.5
68.31992
75.8
94.0
94.0
94.3
74.6
82.0
71.9
65.8
64.9
77.91993
77.1
94.8
92.8
95.4
74.8
83.0
73.0
67.4
67.4
74.31994
76.4
93.9
92.5
94.5
73.1
82.9
72.6
67.1
66.0
76.21995
75.5
90.8
88.1
92.4
72.8
82.2
72.6
67.7
64.7
80.01996
75.0
92.5
88.8
92.8
74.1
83.2
73.3
68.9
65.3
70.01997
74.4
92.1
91.6
90.5
75.1
82.9
74.0
69.4
64.7
77.01998
76.3
91.3
88.6
89.4
75.9
82.9
73.6
70.5
68.1
72.61999
76.5
91.0
91.4
90.5
74.4
81.5
71.7
70.0
67.9
78.72000
76.9
91.7
92.5
92.7
74.5
82.4
71.6
73.2
69.1
75.12001
76.4
90.3
90.3
91.9
75.4
83.0
72.5
73.5
70.5
69.02002
77.9
93.9
94.6
93.9
77.6
84.5
75.2
74.6
71.6
73.82003
79.4
93.2
93.1
93.9
78.5
86.9
76.1
73.0
72.7
71.12004
80.4
93.8
92.1
93.8
78.6
87.8
75.6
72.9
73.0
74.62005
81.0
93.2
92.1
93.8
79.4
89.0
75.5
75.5
74.7
76.42006
80.8
94.5
87.6
94.9
78.7
88.2
77.2
73.5
72.9
77.52007
80.2
92.3
89.1
90.3
78.5
86.9
76.5
74.5
72.8
77.82008
79.9
91.1
87.3
92.5
78.2
88.5
74.5
74.9
75.4
74.82009
80.2
92.6
90.7
92.9
78.7
88.7
77.4
73.6
75.3
76.12010
81.2
95.3
94.6
93.8
80.5
90.8
79.9
76.5
75.2
75.72011
82.2
92.5
88.6
93.2
81.0
92.3
78.5
76.0
75.1
80.92012
80.9
88.9
88.5
89.0
79.9
90.2
78.1
75.1
76.2
77.62013
82.1
88.3
89.7
89.8
81.1
89.4
80.2
76.6
77.1
73.72014
82.5
91.5
91.1
92.3
81.6
89.9
81.0
77.2
76.4
78.62015
81.1
88.2
89.4
89.7
80.4
89.6
81.8
76.8
73.7
73.82016
81.9
94.9
92.6
95.6
80.9
88.8
83.3
77.8
73.7
75.5Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at ww.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 22.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


Table 13. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2016

Year
Total, 16 years and older
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity1979
62.3
61.7
74.4
–
71.71980
64.2
63.4
75.8
–
73.51981
64.4
63.1
76.9
–
75.71982
65.7
64.5
78.1
–
75.51983
66.5
65.6
78.9
–
78.51984
67.6
66.8
79.5
–
77.71985
68.1
67.2
82.6
–
77.71986
69.5
67.9
82.8
–
80.61987
69.8
68.2
84.4
–
82.01988
70.2
68.4
82.8
–
84.41989
70.1
69.3
86.5
–
85.41990
71.9
71.5
85.3
–
87.41991
74.2
73.7
86.1
–
90.41992
75.8
75.3
88.2
–
89.11993
77.1
76.5
88.8
–
90.51994
76.4
74.6
86.5
–
88.91995
75.5
73.3
86.4
–
87.11996
75.0
73.8
87.9
–
88.81997
74.4
74.6
86.8
–
85.71998
76.3
76.1
85.5
–
86.41999
76.5
75.7
83.8
–
85.72000
76.9
75.8
84.1
79.9
87.82001
76.4
75.8
85.8
76.9
88.22002
77.9
77.9
90.3
74.9
88.02003
79.4
79.3
88.5
77.5
88.42004
80.4
79.8
88.8
76.4
87.32005
81.0
80.2
89.3
80.6
87.72006
80.8
80.0
87.8
79.3
87.12007
80.2
79.4
88.8
78.1
91.02008
79.9
79.3
89.4
78.0
89.62009
80.2
79.2
93.7
81.8
89.52010
81.2
80.5
93.5
82.6
90.72011
82.2
82.1
91.1
77.4
90.72012
80.9
80.8
90.1
73.0
88.02013
82.1
81.7
91.3
77.3
91.12014
82.5
81.8
89.9
77.9
89.02015
81.1
80.8
90.4
77.7
89.72016
81.9
81.3
89.3
78.4
88.4Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 23. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–02 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


Table 14. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979–2016

Year
Total, 25 years and older
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Some college or associate's degree
Bachelor's degree and higher1979
62.1
60.3
60.1
64.1
66.71980
62.8
61.4
61.5
64.5
67.91981
62.6
61.2
61.0
65.6
66.91982
64.9
62.8
63.1
66.7
68.81983
65.8
64.8
63.4
68.2
71.21984
67.1
64.9
64.9
68.4
69.41985
66.8
64.3
65.8
67.2
70.21986
66.5
64.8
66.6
68.0
70.61987
67.3
66.0
68.1
69.8
71.41988
68.8
66.6
68.2
71.6
71.41989
70.2
66.8
67.6
73.3
71.91990
72.1
68.8
68.6
72.9
72.21991
74.0
71.6
69.8
72.6
73.61992
74.6
72.9
70.4
73.3
75.11993
74.8
73.9
71.3
73.8
75.81994
73.1
75.1
70.8
72.1
76.81995
72.8
75.5
70.2
71.6
76.21996
74.1
75.1
70.7
73.2
75.21997
75.1
75.3
70.7
73.9
75.01998
75.9
73.9
70.8
74.0
75.31999
74.4
73.4
69.8
73.4
75.72000
74.5
74.9
71.1
73.1
74.12001
75.4
75.4
72.7
71.9
73.72002
77.6
77.2
74.2
74.3
74.22003
78.5
76.7
75.5
75.7
73.62004
78.6
74.9
75.7
75.8
75.22005
79.4
74.9
75.6
76.6
75.72006
78.7
76.3
73.7
75.6
75.12007
78.5
76.7
74.3
75.2
75.02008
78.2
76.1
73.3
75.7
74.32009
78.7
76.4
75.7
75.4
73.12010
80.5
79.8
76.5
75.5
74.12011
81.0
80.9
76.9
76.8
74.92012
79.9
76.0
76.3
76.9
73.02013
81.1
80.0
78.3
76.6
74.82014
81.6
79.1
77.0
75.8
75.72015
80.4
80.4
77.2
75.2
74.92016
80.9
76.8
77.9
76.8
75.2Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older in table 24.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


Table 15. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2016

Year
Total, 16 years and older
16 to 24 years
25 years and olderTotal
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and older1979
64.1
81.8
95.0
75.9
58.3
63.3
55.8
54.1
56.9
87.61980
64.8
84.1
93.2
77.0
58.7
64.1
54.9
54.4
56.4
89.21981
65.1
86.1
96.7
80.0
60.3
66.7
57.5
54.1
56.2
88.11982
67.3
86.3
97.0
81.8
62.1
67.7
57.1
55.7
59.0
88.11983
69.4
87.2
96.7
84.4
62.9
70.3
57.6
56.7
58.0
87.61984
69.8
86.0
96.5
84.5
63.7
71.1
59.0
56.9
59.5
89.01985
70.0
85.7
96.3
87.2
64.7
72.4
60.3
57.8
60.4
88.81986
70.2
85.8
95.5
86.7
66.0
74.1
61.4
59.0
60.3
91.31987
72.1
85.9
93.9
86.1
67.2
74.3
62.9
61.3
62.0
91.21988
73.8
89.1
94.4
87.2
68.7
75.6
66.1
61.6
62.4
92.81989
75.4
90.7
93.4
86.9
69.8
78.0
67.0
63.4
63.8
87.11990
77.9
91.0
93.8
90.1
71.8
79.4
68.7
64.3
66.2
89.61991
78.6
91.0
97.9
91.7
73.5
80.4
70.4
65.0
68.9
92.61992
80.3
91.3
97.7
92.5
76.0
82.6
73.1
66.1
69.3
92.61993
80.4
91.7
97.1
94.2
77.3
83.6
73.1
67.3
69.0
92.11994
80.6
90.5
97.0
91.2
78.2
85.5
73.4
69.9
70.7
94.01995
80.8
90.9
96.1
89.3
76.1
83.7
72.6
70.8
71.4
94.21996
81.2
92.1
97.0
89.6
78.2
83.1
74.6
72.1
72.4
91.61997
80.8
92.2
96.6
91.2
78.8
82.7
75.7
72.3
70.5
98.11998
81.8
90.3
96.7
89.1
77.9
86.1
77.4
75.0
72.4
93.21999
83.8
92.7
96.8
89.9
79.4
83.9
76.9
72.7
76.4
95.42000
83.8
91.7
93.8
93.0
80.8
88.3
76.3
73.2
76.8
94.72001
85.2
90.5
95.8
89.7
79.2
85.8
75.0
76.1
80.2
90.42002
85.0
92.5
96.9
91.3
82.1
85.1
78.7
77.6
80.8
89.32003
84.8
93.2
97.6
91.0
83.1
87.5
79.1
79.0
78.4
90.32004
84.6
93.9
95.9
91.7
81.7
88.3
78.4
79.1
79.6
92.52005
84.8
92.6
96.0
92.4
83.2
89.2
79.6
80.2
80.2
97.82006
84.0
90.9
95.7
90.5
83.2
87.6
80.0
76.4
80.6
93.02007
84.8
89.3
95.4
90.4
81.7
87.4
81.5
79.6
79.2
92.22008
85.4
91.2
96.6
91.6
83.0
87.0
80.5
78.2
81.8
91.62009
85.5
93.1
97.1
92.0
84.7
90.6
80.7
77.0
84.5
92.62010
86.0
93.6
97.8
91.7
85.6
91.9
82.9
79.9
83.2
93.82011
86.8
94.6
97.5
92.5
86.7
92.0
83.8
81.5
82.2
91.52012
86.4
93.0
97.9
92.0
86.8
91.5
83.9
81.2
83.1
90.92013
86.6
92.3
96.7
94.0
87.5
91.1
84.9
81.2
84.1
94.92014
84.6
92.4
96.1
96.3
85.7
87.0
84.6
81.2
81.3
89.22015
85.6
95.1
97.5
93.5
87.8
91.0
85.7
84.3
82.1
89.52016
87.0
97.7
95.7
91.9
87.6
88.2
85.8
83.0
83.7
88.1Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information on historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of workers paid hourly rates in table 25.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


Table 16. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2016

Year
Total, 16 years and older
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity1979
64.1
62.5
72.6
–
71.81980
64.8
63.6
74.9
–
75.11981
65.1
63.8
72.1
–
76.41982
67.3
66.0
75.2
–
75.61983
69.4
68.0
79.2
–
76.11984
69.8
68.6
79.1
–
77.01985
70.0
67.8
82.0
–
79.41986
70.2
68.8
78.7
–
80.81987
72.1
70.9
80.1
–
80.21988
73.8
72.7
80.8
–
81.11989
75.4
74.0
83.2
–
83.01990
77.9
75.6
84.5
–
86.11991
78.6
76.6
86.5
–
86.91992
80.3
78.6
87.1
–
88.31993
80.4
78.9
89.6
–
88.61994
80.6
79.7
87.5
–
89.31995
80.8
78.4
87.3
–
90.91996
81.2
79.6
88.0
–
88.81997
80.8
80.3
87.5
–
86.31998
81.8
81.8
86.9
–
87.61999
83.8
82.3
83.2
–
86.62000
83.8
83.0
88.8
90.5
87.32001
85.2
83.8
89.9
85.1
85.62002
85.0
83.8
92.3
91.7
86.12003
84.8
84.0
91.7
89.8
88.52004
84.6
84.0
91.3
88.8
90.22005
84.8
84.2
91.1
91.3
90.12006
84.0
83.6
88.5
90.7
87.62007
84.8
83.7
90.3
89.5
88.52008
85.4
84.5
89.9
87.3
85.12009
85.5
84.8
89.7
90.4
84.62010
86.0
85.0
92.1
88.0
86.22011
86.8
85.9
93.5
89.8
86.82012
86.4
85.3
92.0
90.1
85.42013
86.6
85.7
94.9
91.6
87.52014
84.6
83.3
94.8
90.2
86.62015
85.6
85.9
92.4
92.8
85.82016
87.0
87.2
92.6
93.6
85.2Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in table 26. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–02 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2016 annual averages (in constant 2016 dollars)

Year
Total, 16 years and older
16 to 24 years
25 years and olderTotal
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and olderTotal1979
$744
$531
$444
$574
$818
$787
$864
$852
$809
$6111980
728
519
428
556
794
767
839
828
792
5641981
721
508
409
541
782
751
827
812
784
5631982
722
498
392
526
782
744
847
825
778
6051983
718
484
376
511
787
736
849
842
794
5991984
718
478
372
509
797
738
857
848
806
5991985
732
477
370
511
806
743
864
851
811
6321986
751
485
372
519
818
753
877
870
831
6231987
756
491
376
523
814
754
879
867
818
6261988
752
486
383
520
809
748
879
885
818
6311989
746
484
381
516
798
736
882
882
806
6241990
734
480
373
508
800
725
866
872
815
6111991
732
476
366
500
802
713
856
871
806
6551992
738
463
356
487
804
708
844
876
810
6341993
751
462
350
486
804
714
846
887
805
6431994
748
458
354
481
801
704
861
907
803
6151995
750
457
362
479
798
706
861
911
804
6091996
747
454
366
476
793
706
852
905
816
5851997
751
457
376
479
806
718
864
906
833
5871998
770
470
395
499
842
739
879
913
872
5961999
791
491
405
523
853
746
880
939
870
5822000
803
503
414
534
849
766
872
933
865
6462001
808
508
413
534
854
780
890
939
864
6612002
812
509
407
533
862
789
892
943
900
6702003
809
505
406
525
864
775
897
944
924
6742004
811
496
393
516
868
767
906
944
921
7122005
800
488
391
505
855
749
898
919
912
6992006
799
487
386
504
855
739
890
920
911
6942007
804
491
390
521
854
744
890
914
929
7002008
805
494
389
521
848
742
896
916
920
7182009
827
494
385
519
866
758
914
937
941
7652010
823
476
382
500
861
751
907
930
947
7532011
807
470
376
488
851
740
893
924
940
7922012
803
464
372
485
852
739
897
917
937
7912013
799
468
384
486
852
729
900
909
931
8252014
802
484
383
498
851
736
894
912
924
8362015
819
493
394
507
870
744
911
934
938
8842016
832
501
405
513
885
751
934
955
952
866Women1979
562
475
407
497
602
614
605
593
583
5251980
558
464
403
486
592
606
594
581
569
4861981
556
457
391
485
591
607
604
571
563
4801982
572
459
378
481
610
617
617
603
586
5051983
578
454
362
475
615
624
624
606
589
4861984
584
447
357
469
623
628
643
615
595
4821985
589
449
353
470
630
630
653
621
606
5151986
609
458
356
483
644
640
667
644
619
5361987
612
459
347
489
648
638
681
655
622
5271988
615
459
359
490
654
639
691
662
619
5471989
613
460
368
486
656
636
692
667
622
5461990
617
453
353
480
658
635
695
672
620
5351991
629
457
352
481
665
637
699
684
624
5481992
638
448
344
470
671
641
701
700
631
5501993
643
447
336
473
679
646
712
720
646
5481994
639
442
338
465
675
636
718
721
638
5381995
635
430
336
455
670
631
709
726
631
5521996
637
433
340
454
677
633
706
733
640
5091997
643
436
358
457
690
637
719
739
646
5191998
672
449
367
470
714
664
733
760
701
5151999
682
467
383
494
716
677
725
769
709
5332000
688
480
395
510
720
688
727
787
709
5472001
694
478
390
508
736
694
741
795
726
5282002
706
490
394
514
758
708
762
804
766
5742003
721
484
390
505
762
713
770
795
785
5682004
728
476
372
497
761
713
773
794
781
6072005
719
468
373
486
752
704
763
791
785
6042006
714
470
363
492
746
694
768
785
783
6072007
711
473
368
493
748
691
773
784
786
6182008
711
468
359
496
747
695
760
788
793
6282009
735
474
361
498
768
709
793
796
813
6732010
737
465
370
483
775
714
805
804
811
6622011
730
449
350
467
766
707
783
794
799
7092012
722
435
345
448
760
696
781
780
800
6972013
727
436
360
455
762
685
790
784
802
7122014
729
457
362
475
763
689
792
791
791
7512015
735
455
368
474
770
698
814
809
794
7492016
749
486
388
500
784
705
839
836
812
749Men1979
901
605
478
651
969
910
1,037
1,043
963
6761980
869
578
450
622
942
872
1,019
1,019
958
6361981
863
553
426
602
944
863
1,008
1,005
957
6751982
871
538
407
584
940
856
1,010
1,002
955
7181983
869
511
385
555
933
851
1,014
1,018
954
7061984
863
509
383
551
930
841
1,037
1,035
967
7221985
866
513
389
549
943
838
1,036
1,040
994
7811986
877
515
389
552
969
841
1,044
1,059
1,013
7491987
877
519
396
556
964
832
1,030
1,051
1,000
7681988
877
512
400
545
951
822
1,010
1,072
994
7711989
875
507
391
542
935
811
1,013
1,064
974
7351990
857
503
389
531
913
800
998
1,053
973
7181991
847
490
376
515
899
787
990
1,052
967
8021992
841
477
366
498
899
782
975
1,064
971
7061993
835
471
362
496
908
779
975
1,069
959
7381994
837
471
365
492
923
768
989
1,075
966
7071995
842
474
382
493
920
767
977
1,072
975
6901996
849
468
383
489
913
761
963
1,064
980
7271997
864
473
391
504
918
769
972
1,064
999
6751998
881
492
414
526
941
801
997
1,078
1,029
7101999
890
513
419
546
963
831
1,012
1,099
1,045
6772000
894
523
427
551
967
834
1,015
1,075
1,025
7282001
908
530
432
553
976
836
1,022
1,083
1,030
7662002
907
522
417
547
977
837
1,013
1,077
1,071
7782003
907
520
419
538
971
820
1,012
1,089
1,080
7992004
906
508
404
530
968
812
1,022
1,089
1,071
8142005
887
502
405
518
947
791
1,010
1,048
1,050
7912006
885
498
414
518
949
787
995
1,068
1,074
7832007
887
513
413
546
953
795
1,010
1,052
1,080
7942008
890
514
411
536
955
785
1,020
1,052
1,051
8392009
916
512
398
536
977
800
1,025
1,082
1,079
8852010
907
488
391
515
963
786
1,008
1,051
1,078
8742011
888
486
395
502
946
765
998
1,045
1,064
8762012
892
489
390
504
951
771
1,000
1,039
1,050
8992013
886
493
402
507
939
766
985
1,024
1,041
9652014
883
500
398
514
935
766
978
1,025
1,035
9552015
906
516
412
528
959
779
995
1,053
1,077
1,0152016
915
512
419
523
969
794
1,007
1,075
1,102
992Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.



Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2016 annual averages (in constant 2016 dollars)

Year
Total, 16 years and older
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicityTotal1979
$744
$765
$614
–
$5991980
728
747
589
–
5811981
721
739
596
–
5661982
722
742
586
–
5741983
718
734
599
–
5731984
718
740
593
–
5701985
732
757
589
–
5741986
751
776
609
–
5791987
756
776
608
–
5761988
752
771
613
–
5661989
746
764
596
–
5571990
734
756
586
–
5421991
732
759
598
–
5361992
738
768
599
–
5391993
751
777
604
–
5421994
748
776
595
–
5191995
750
773
599
–
5151996
747
771
590
–
5171997
751
775
597
–
5241998
770
803
627
–
5451999
791
826
641
–
5552000
803
823
661
$858
5562001
808
827
665
866
5652002
812
832
665
879
5662003
809
830
671
905
5742004
811
835
667
900
5792005
800
826
639
925
5792006
799
821
660
933
5792007
804
829
659
961
5822008
805
827
657
960
5902009
827
847
672
984
6052010
823
843
673
942
5892011
807
827
656
924
5862012
803
828
649
961
5942013
799
826
648
970
5952014
802
828
648
967
6022015
819
845
649
1,005
6112016
832
862
678
1,021
624Women1979
562
568
522
–
4851980
558
564
514
–
4781981
556
561
523
–
4821982
572
579
519
–
4861983
578
583
532
–
4931984
584
590
531
–
4911985
589
598
536
–
4891986
609
615
552
–
5041987
612
620
558
–
5071988
615
621
562
–
5081989
613
624
563
–
5031990
617
629
549
–
4961991
629
641
555
–
5021992
638
649
562
–
5071993
643
656
570
–
5121994
639
654
554
–
4891995
635
649
556
–
4771996
637
652
552
–
4821997
643
663
560
–
4751998
672
689
589
–
4961999
682
696
589
–
5012000
688
700
598
763
5102001
694
707
615
763
5262002
706
730
632
756
5302003
721
740
641
781
5352004
728
742
642
779
5322005
719
732
613
817
5272006
714
725
618
832
5242007
711
725
617
846
5472008
711
729
618
839
5592009
735
748
651
871
5692010
737
753
652
851
5592011
730
750
635
801
5532012
722
742
626
805
5442013
727
744
624
843
5572014
729
744
620
853
5562015
735
752
622
888
5732016
749
766
641
902
586Men1979
901
920
701
–
6761980
869
889
678
–
6501981
863
888
680
–
6371982
871
897
665
–
6441983
869
888
674
–
6281984
863
883
667
–
6321985
866
889
649
–
6301986
877
906
667
–
6261987
877
909
661
–
6181988
877
908
680
–
6021989
875
901
650
–
5891990
857
881
643
–
5671991
847
869
644
–
5551992
841
862
638
–
5691993
835
858
642
–
5661994
837
877
641
–
5501995
842
886
643
–
5481996
849
884
628
–
5431997
864
888
645
–
5541998
881
906
689
–
5741999
890
919
703
–
5852000
894
923
711
955
5822001
908
934
717
992
5962002
907
937
700
1,009
6022003
907
933
725
1,008
6062004
906
930
723
1,019
6102005
887
913
687
1,014
6012006
885
906
704
1,050
6012007
887
912
694
1,083
6022008
890
920
691
1,077
6232009
916
945
695
1,065
6362010
907
936
697
1,031
6172011
888
914
697
1,035
6092012
892
918
695
1,102
6192013
886
910
684
1,091
6122014
883
910
690
1,095
6252015
906
931
688
1,143
6392016
915
942
718
1,151
663Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979–2016 annual averages (in constant 2016 dollars)

Year
Total, 25 years and older
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Some college or associate's degree
Bachelor's degree and higherTotal1979
$818
$648
$769
$870
$1,0621980
794
617
739
844
1,0441981
782
609
726
822
1,0331982
782
593
722
840
1,0481983
787
587
713
833
1,0571984
797
579
711
841
1,0701985
806
574
709
849
1,0771986
818
582
720
856
1,0981987
814
574
719
851
1,1391988
809
562
719
840
1,1431989
798
555
701
845
1,1381990
800
540
688
848
1,1371991
802
527
682
840
1,1441992
804
522
676
812
1,1681993
804
514
679
809
1,1701994
801
492
675
800
1,1751995
798
484
676
795
1,1691996
793
483
675
790
1,1551997
806
479
688
799
1,1631998
842
496
705
822
1,2091999
853
499
706
836
1,2392000
849
505
704
831
1,2432001
854
518
705
836
1,2482002
862
518
714
840
1,2562003
864
517
723
834
1,2582004
868
510
729
840
1,2532005
855
502
716
823
1,2442006
855
499
708
824
1,2372007
854
495
699
815
1,2412008
848
505
689
805
1,2432009
866
508
700
812
1,2722010
861
489
689
808
1,2602011
851
481
681
789
1,2272012
852
492
681
783
1,2172013
852
486
670
770
1,2302014
851
495
677
772
1,2102015
870
499
686
771
1,2452016
885
504
692
779
1,259Women1979
602
469
571
651
8151980
592
456
558
642
8061981
591
444
551
647
8071982
610
440
565
656
8281983
615
447
564
661
8461984
623
441
570
672
8591985
630
430
570
674
8811986
644
435
579
690
9121987
648
432
582
701
9411988
654
432
582
703
9471989
656
432
568
708
9481990
658
428
561
704
9541991
665
430
564
703
9661992
671
430
565
683
9971993
679
430
568
691
1,0001994
675
412
562
678
1,0161995
670
410
557
668
1,0081996
677
409
556
674
1,0021997
690
410
564
685
1,0031998
714
417
583
701
1,0411999
716
418
584
703
1,0662000
720
424
586
704
1,0542001
736
428
600
705
1,0652002
758
434
611
725
1,0802003
762
430
619
731
1,0862004
761
424
620
733
1,0932005
752
419
606
721
1,0852006
746
426
595
717
1,0772007
748
427
593
705
1,0792008
747
421
580
700
1,0652009
768
427
606
705
1,0852010
775
427
598
703
1,0862011
766
422
591
688
1,0652012
760
403
586
689
1,0462013
762
412
590
677
1,0742014
763
415
586
670
1,0642015
770
423
593
672
1,0772016
784
423
599
688
1,101Men1979
969
778
951
1,015
1,2221980
942
742
908
994
1,1861981
944
726
904
987
1,2061982
940
701
895
983
1,2031983
933
690
890
968
1,1881984
930
678
879
982
1,2381985
943
668
866
1,004
1,2551986
969
672
870
1,015
1,2931987
964
655
855
1,004
1,3191988
951
648
854
982
1,3261989
935
647
841
966
1,3181990
913
622
818
966
1,3211991
899
600
808
967
1,3131992
899
589
804
931
1,3271993
908
583
797
936
1,3191994
923
548
795
941
1,3241995
920
543
793
933
1,3221996
913
544
787
921
1,3321997
918
545
799
927
1,3371998
941
564
823
947
1,3831999
963
569
836
958
1,4082000
967
566
824
964
1,4232001
976
568
825
980
1,4462002
977
562
824
976
1,4552003
971
560
820
966
1,4772004
968
567
820
967
1,4522005
947
559
801
941
1,4342006
949
558
807
948
1,4352007
953
557
797
938
1,4392008
955
554
790
925
1,4332009
977
559
801
934
1,4842010
963
535
782
931
1,4652011
946
521
768
896
1,4222012
951
531
768
896
1,4332013
939
515
754
884
1,4372014
935
524
762
884
1,4052015
959
526
768
894
1,4372016
969
551
769
896
1,464Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2016 annual averages (in constant 2016 dollars)

Year
Total, 16 years and older
16 to 24 years
25 years and olderTotal
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and olderTotal1979
$13.70
$10.77
$9.57
$12.41
$15.77
$16.05
$16.33
$15.93
$15.34
$9.971980
13.39
10.31
8.94
11.92
15.42
15.72
16.00
15.69
14.97
9.891981
13.07
10.08
9.09
11.70
15.20
15.46
15.74
15.25
14.75
9.951982
12.92
9.69
8.61
11.15
15.02
15.19
15.81
15.36
14.62
9.861983
12.82
9.36
8.28
10.76
15.02
14.91
15.85
15.44
14.70
10.091984
12.84
9.21
8.04
10.62
15.07
14.91
15.79
15.59
14.58
10.201985
12.83
9.06
7.81
10.51
15.00
14.72
15.94
15.68
14.70
10.091986
12.97
9.23
7.76
10.59
15.13
14.67
16.30
16.17
15.00
10.401987
13.07
9.27
7.70
10.53
15.07
14.53
16.04
15.88
14.99
10.261988
13.14
9.36
7.87
10.51
15.12
14.51
15.96
15.94
14.61
10.211989
13.07
9.25
7.89
10.56
14.84
14.28
16.00
15.74
14.62
10.131990
12.89
9.20
8.00
10.53
14.55
14.08
15.72
15.67
14.30
10.251991
12.89
9.04
8.06
10.31
14.57
13.81
15.76
15.65
14.07
10.211992
12.95
9.01
7.94
10.12
14.65
13.71
15.74
15.97
14.23
10.301993
12.88
9.02
7.86
10.07
14.65
13.54
15.73
16.14
14.57
10.461994
12.84
9.01
7.87
9.97
14.62
13.43
15.90
16.06
14.46
10.241995
12.79
9.08
7.89
10.05
14.65
13.63
15.68
15.85
14.40
10.411996
12.80
9.05
7.88
10.20
14.66
13.45
15.46
15.61
14.31
10.321997
13.06
9.18
8.22
10.31
14.73
13.49
15.46
15.82
14.52
10.281998
13.40
9.69
8.66
10.66
14.92
14.21
15.99
16.14
14.85
10.901999
13.73
9.90
8.76
11.15
15.09
14.38
15.88
16.33
14.96
11.102000
13.82
10.10
8.94
11.26
15.17
14.20
15.83
16.49
15.09
11.232001
13.81
10.42
9.16
11.36
15.45
14.46
16.22
16.49
15.41
11.562002
13.98
10.43
9.23
11.31
15.79
14.66
16.26
16.64
15.82
12.112003
14.16
10.31
9.05
11.31
15.73
14.69
16.27
16.93
15.91
12.002004
13.98
10.14
8.89
11.16
15.54
14.45
16.38
16.81
15.98
12.222005
13.75
9.91
8.66
10.95
15.33
14.45
16.11
16.56
15.91
12.202006
14.00
9.81
8.61
10.90
15.40
14.23
16.06
16.70
15.87
12.082007
13.83
10.01
8.76
11.18
15.23
13.95
16.12
16.66
15.87
12.002008
13.63
9.89
8.74
10.88
15.40
13.94
16.03
16.58
15.83
12.142009
13.91
9.96
8.86
10.93
15.56
14.09
16.32
16.61
16.44
12.852010
13.77
9.80
8.81
10.50
15.40
13.80
16.09
16.50
16.40
12.722011
13.56
9.57
8.60
10.26
15.07
13.56
15.83
16.01
16.08
13.012012
13.38
9.46
8.46
10.14
14.89
13.40
15.53
15.75
16.08
12.762013
13.32
9.43
8.43
10.12
14.93
13.26
15.43
15.62
16.09
12.842014
13.33
9.69
8.55
10.12
15.01
13.32
15.32
15.61
15.58
13.202015
13.60
9.97
8.96
10.26
15.09
13.77
15.34
16.03
16.10
13.242016
14.00
10.12
9.20
10.79
15.13
14.00
15.77
16.29
16.20
13.77Women1979
11.17
9.85
9.35
10.86
12.04
12.47
12.25
11.85
11.57
9.631980
10.97
9.58
8.72
10.53
11.78
12.33
11.92
11.75
11.33
9.391981
10.86
9.42
8.93
10.38
11.90
12.41
12.11
11.65
11.24
9.421982
11.03
9.04
8.49
10.02
12.01
12.42
12.15
11.84
11.48
9.401983
11.01
8.76
8.14
9.77
12.00
12.48
12.18
11.90
11.63
9.541984
10.95
8.66
7.91
9.60
12.07
12.33
12.36
12.14
11.61
9.631985
10.91
8.53
7.68
9.70
12.19
12.32
12.57
12.26
11.62
9.431986
11.15
8.60
7.64
9.85
12.45
12.45
12.82
12.53
12.03
9.901987
11.31
8.53
7.49
9.88
12.44
12.40
12.83
12.69
12.18
9.801988
11.41
8.75
7.64
9.86
12.58
12.42
13.20
12.87
11.88
10.001989
11.42
8.77
7.66
9.78
12.67
12.49
13.27
12.90
11.93
9.611990
11.48
8.82
7.75
9.93
12.60
12.50
13.14
12.76
12.00
9.711991
11.60
8.73
7.97
9.81
12.61
12.35
13.28
13.08
11.94
9.901992
11.68
8.66
7.87
9.68
12.84
12.50
13.41
13.32
12.08
10.021993
11.65
8.63
7.74
9.75
12.88
12.45
13.36
13.39
12.37
10.111994
11.62
8.53
7.74
9.58
12.90
12.47
13.53
13.56
12.53
10.001995
11.67
8.59
7.73
9.53
12.79
12.39
13.51
13.65
12.41
10.091996
11.78
8.66
7.76
9.54
12.85
12.29
13.55
13.63
12.30
9.831997
11.85
8.88
8.09
9.78
13.06
12.24
13.64
13.82
12.40
10.191998
12.12
9.19
8.51
10.21
13.45
12.96
14.23
14.40
13.03
10.621999
12.45
9.51
8.62
10.40
13.73
13.11
14.16
14.34
13.44
10.812000
12.64
9.76
8.69
10.88
13.79
13.51
13.99
14.20
13.72
10.982001
13.06
9.82
8.96
10.84
13.82
13.47
14.15
14.70
14.08
11.032002
13.20
9.95
9.08
10.83
14.30
13.51
14.66
14.93
14.43
11.662003
13.16
9.91
8.94
10.69
14.37
13.72
14.58
15.39
14.43
11.542004
12.92
9.80
8.72
10.57
14.27
13.49
14.55
15.18
14.70
11.642005
12.67
9.58
8.50
10.44
14.23
13.34
14.55
14.90
14.57
12.062006
12.68
9.51
8.46
10.50
14.13
13.18
14.35
14.60
14.43
11.872007
12.71
9.43
8.58
10.42
13.95
12.97
14.31
14.87
14.16
11.752008
12.81
9.40
8.60
10.21
13.91
13.07
14.37
14.67
14.49
11.742009
13.15
9.60
8.75
10.28
14.27
13.38
14.54
14.64
15.20
12.432010
13.03
9.49
8.71
10.00
14.19
13.26
14.45
14.87
15.07
12.312011
12.79
9.32
8.50
9.78
13.98
12.93
14.34
14.69
14.97
12.552012
12.53
9.17
8.38
9.58
13.76
12.70
14.06
14.42
15.01
12.372013
12.48
9.20
8.33
9.68
13.76
12.60
14.18
14.36
14.96
12.582014
12.35
9.27
8.41
9.91
13.69
12.42
14.20
14.34
14.39
12.652015
12.71
9.66
8.86
10.07
14.09
13.05
14.30
14.98
14.95
12.812016
13.01
10.00
9.07
10.25
14.23
13.08
14.75
14.97
15.10
13.02Men1979
17.44
12.04
9.85
14.32
20.65
19.69
21.98
21.91
20.34
10.991980
16.94
11.39
9.36
13.67
20.06
19.25
21.69
21.61
20.11
10.531981
16.68
10.94
9.24
12.97
19.75
18.60
21.07
21.55
20.00
10.691982
16.39
10.48
8.76
12.25
19.33
18.35
21.27
21.24
19.47
10.671983
15.87
10.05
8.42
11.58
19.06
17.75
21.15
21.01
20.05
10.891984
15.68
10.07
8.19
11.37
18.94
17.36
20.95
21.34
19.52
10.811985
15.60
9.96
7.98
11.13
18.83
17.02
20.85
21.21
19.23
10.621986
15.88
10.02
7.99
11.36
18.87
16.80
20.90
21.23
19.96
10.841987
15.70
9.92
7.98
11.47
18.51
16.69
20.40
20.69
19.64
10.751988
15.45
9.82
8.09
11.31
18.32
16.43
19.96
20.88
19.02
10.781989
15.14
9.66
8.21
11.25
18.15
16.00
19.79
20.34
18.69
11.031990
14.74
9.70
8.27
11.02
17.54
15.74
19.13
19.84
18.13
10.841991
14.76
9.59
8.14
10.70
17.15
15.36
18.87
20.12
17.32
10.691992
14.55
9.48
8.05
10.47
16.88
15.13
18.34
20.17
17.43
10.821993
14.50
9.41
7.97
10.36
16.66
14.89
18.27
19.89
17.94
10.981994
14.42
9.42
7.98
10.51
16.49
14.58
18.43
19.39
17.72
10.641995
14.44
9.45
8.04
10.67
16.79
14.80
18.61
19.28
17.39
10.721996
14.51
9.41
8.00
10.66
16.43
14.79
18.16
18.90
17.00
10.731997
14.67
9.63
8.37
10.72
16.57
14.81
18.01
19.10
17.60
10.391998
14.82
10.18
8.81
11.46
17.26
15.05
18.38
19.20
18.00
11.401999
14.86
10.26
8.90
11.57
17.29
15.62
18.41
19.71
17.59
11.332000
15.08
10.64
9.26
11.70
17.07
15.30
18.33
19.39
17.87
11.592001
15.34
10.85
9.35
12.09
17.45
15.69
18.86
19.31
17.55
12.202002
15.54
10.75
9.37
11.86
17.42
15.87
18.64
19.23
17.86
13.062003
15.52
10.63
9.16
11.75
17.30
15.68
18.45
19.49
18.39
12.782004
15.27
10.43
9.09
11.52
17.46
15.29
18.55
19.20
18.48
12.582005
14.94
10.34
8.86
11.30
17.09
14.95
18.28
18.59
18.17
12.332006
15.10
10.46
8.85
11.61
16.99
15.04
17.93
19.10
17.90
12.762007
14.99
10.57
8.99
11.53
17.07
14.85
17.56
18.69
17.88
12.742008
15.01
10.30
8.90
11.15
16.76
15.02
17.86
18.75
17.73
12.822009
15.39
10.31
9.00
11.17
16.86
14.77
18.01
19.00
18.00
13.422010
15.15
10.14
8.91
10.90
16.56
14.43
17.43
18.60
18.12
13.132011
14.73
9.85
8.71
10.57
16.13
14.07
17.11
18.01
18.22
13.712012
14.50
9.86
8.56
10.42
15.85
13.88
16.77
17.75
18.06
13.622013
14.42
9.96
8.62
10.30
15.73
13.82
16.69
17.68
17.80
13.262014
14.59
10.03
8.75
10.29
15.98
14.28
16.78
17.66
17.71
14.182015
14.85
10.15
9.08
10.77
16.05
14.34
16.68
17.76
18.21
14.322016
14.96
10.24
9.48
11.15
16.25
14.83
17.20
18.03
18.05
14.78Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2016 annual averages (in constant 2016 dollars)

Year
Total, 16 years and older
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicityTotal1979
$13.70
$13.92
$12.69
–
$12.591980
13.39
13.56
12.33
–
12.331981
13.07
13.15
12.44
–
12.211982
12.92
13.09
12.11
–
11.991983
12.82
12.98
11.81
–
11.671984
12.84
13.00
11.81
–
11.611985
12.83
12.98
11.70
–
11.641986
12.97
13.14
12.13
–
11.821987
13.07
13.25
12.10
–
11.761988
13.14
13.30
12.01
–
11.621989
13.07
13.23
12.02
–
11.351990
12.89
13.07
12.14
–
11.191991
12.89
13.08
12.03
–
11.101992
12.95
13.12
11.85
–
11.161993
12.88
13.04
11.75
–
11.181994
12.84
13.00
11.68
–
11.111995
12.79
13.02
11.99
–
10.951996
12.80
13.06
11.83
–
10.931997
13.06
13.25
11.96
–
11.031998
13.40
13.58
12.36
–
11.661999
13.73
14.03
12.75
–
11.632000
13.82
13.89
13.03
$14.04
11.912001
13.81
13.90
13.25
14.57
12.282002
13.98
14.30
13.26
13.83
12.312003
14.16
14.32
13.25
14.52
12.742004
13.98
14.14
12.95
14.10
12.472005
13.75
14.10
12.49
14.75
12.222006
14.00
14.12
12.69
14.92
12.052007
13.83
13.98
12.60
14.14
11.852008
13.63
13.98
12.49
14.50
12.232009
13.91
14.16
13.02
14.72
12.352010
13.77
14.03
12.96
14.56
11.982011
13.56
13.78
12.58
14.25
11.792012
13.38
13.63
12.37
13.82
11.622013
13.32
13.54
12.26
14.03
11.592014
13.33
13.76
12.05
14.20
12.002015
13.60
14.04
12.21
14.36
12.192016
14.00
14.24
12.49
14.79
12.69Women1979
11.17
11.17
10.96
–
10.621980
10.97
11.00
10.78
–
10.501981
10.86
10.86
10.63
–
10.411982
11.03
11.03
10.74
–
10.361983
11.01
11.03
10.83
–
10.141984
10.95
10.97
10.73
–
10.241985
10.91
10.94
10.72
–
10.261986
11.15
11.19
10.82
–
10.461987
11.31
11.35
10.91
–
10.321988
11.41
11.45
10.96
–
10.311989
11.42
11.46
10.99
–
10.341990
11.48
11.52
11.11
–
10.341991
11.60
11.62
11.25
–
10.271992
11.68
11.73
11.14
–
10.351993
11.65
11.72
11.24
–
10.331994
11.62
11.76
11.11
–
10.261995
11.67
11.80
11.14
–
10.331996
11.78
11.88
10.98
–
10.321997
11.85
11.94
11.33
–
10.181998
12.12
12.27
11.63
–
10.631999
12.45
12.58
11.71
–
10.752000
12.64
12.68
12.36
13.63
11.002001
13.06
13.18
12.40
13.64
11.222002
13.20
13.27
12.62
13.48
11.402003
13.16
13.20
12.94
13.94
11.592004
12.92
12.97
12.62
13.43
11.492005
12.67
12.90
12.20
14.30
11.282006
12.68
12.82
12.04
14.23
11.312007
12.71
12.80
12.09
13.69
11.342008
12.81
13.04
12.02
13.66
11.232009
13.15
13.23
12.32
14.17
11.292010
13.03
13.08
12.33
13.67
11.132011
12.79
12.86
12.04
13.66
10.942012
12.53
12.62
11.73
13.32
10.672013
12.48
12.57
11.88
13.43
10.802014
12.35
12.56
11.73
13.42
10.872015
12.71
12.98
11.84
13.97
11.212016
13.01
13.20
12.09
14.07
11.79Men1979
17.44
17.87
15.09
–
14.781980
16.94
17.31
14.39
–
13.971981
16.68
17.03
14.75
–
13.631982
16.39
16.70
14.28
–
13.711983
15.87
16.22
13.67
–
13.331984
15.68
15.99
13.57
–
13.301985
15.60
16.13
13.09
–
12.911986
15.88
16.28
13.74
–
12.951987
15.70
16.02
13.62
–
12.871988
15.45
15.74
13.55
–
12.711989
15.14
15.48
13.21
–
12.451990
14.74
15.24
13.14
–
12.011991
14.76
15.15
13.01
–
11.821992
14.55
14.92
12.79
–
11.731993
14.50
14.84
12.55
–
11.651994
14.42
14.76
12.69
–
11.491995
14.44
15.05
12.77
–
11.361996
14.51
14.92
12.47
–
11.621997
14.67
14.87
12.94
–
11.791998
14.82
14.99
13.39
–
12.141999
14.86
15.29
14.08
–
12.412000
15.08
15.27
13.92
15.05
12.612001
15.34
15.73
13.79
16.04
13.102002
15.54
15.83
13.67
14.71
13.242003
15.52
15.70
14.11
15.52
13.092004
15.27
15.45
13.82
15.12
12.732005
14.94
15.32
13.39
15.66
12.522006
15.10
15.33
13.60
15.69
12.902007
14.99
15.30
13.39
15.30
12.812008
15.01
15.44
13.37
15.64
13.192009
15.39
15.60
13.72
15.67
13.332010
15.15
15.39
13.39
15.54
12.922011
14.73
14.96
12.87
15.21
12.602012
14.50
14.81
12.75
14.79
12.502013
14.42
14.67
12.52
14.67
12.352014
14.59
15.07
12.38
14.87
12.562015
14.85
15.11
12.81
15.05
13.082016
14.96
15.13
13.06
15.04
13.83Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.



Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 1979–2016 annual averages (in current dollars)

Year
Total, 16 years and older
16 to 24 years
25 years and olderTotal
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and olderTotal1979
$241
$172
$144
$186
$265
$255
$280
$276
$262
$1981980
262
187
154
200
286
276
302
298
285
2031981
284
200
161
213
308
296
326
320
309
2221982
302
208
164
220
327
311
354
345
325
2531983
313
211
164
223
343
321
370
367
346
2611984
326
217
169
231
362
335
389
385
366
2721985
344
224
174
240
379
349
406
400
381
2971986
359
232
178
248
391
360
419
416
397
2981987
374
243
186
259
403
373
435
429
405
3101988
385
249
196
266
414
383
450
453
419
3231989
399
259
204
276
427
394
472
472
431
3341990
412
269
209
285
449
407
486
489
457
3431991
426
277
213
291
467
415
498
507
469
3811992
440
276
212
290
479
422
503
522
483
3781993
459
282
214
297
491
436
517
542
492
3931994
467
286
221
300
500
439
537
566
501
3841995
479
292
231
306
510
451
550
582
514
3891996
490
298
240
312
520
463
559
594
535
3841997
503
306
252
321
540
481
579
607
558
3931998
523
319
268
339
572
502
597
620
592
4051999
549
341
281
363
592
518
611
652
604
4042000
576
361
297
383
609
549
625
669
620
4632001
596
375
305
394
630
576
657
693
638
4882002
608
381
305
399
646
591
668
706
674
5022003
620
387
311
402
662
594
687
723
708
5162004
638
390
309
406
683
604
713
743
725
5602005
651
397
318
411
696
610
731
748
742
5692006
671
409
324
423
718
621
748
773
765
5832007
695
424
337
450
738
643
769
790
803
6052008
722
443
349
467
761
666
804
822
825
6442009
739
442
344
464
774
678
817
838
841
6842010
747
432
347
454
782
682
824
844
860
6842011
756
440
352
457
797
693
837
866
881
7422012
768
444
356
464
815
707
858
878
897
7572013
776
454
373
472
827
708
874
883
904
8012014
791
477
378
491
839
726
881
899
911
8242015
809
487
389
501
860
735
900
923
927
8732016
832
501
405
513
885
751
934
955
952
866Women1979
182
154
132
161
195
199
196
192
189
1701980
201
167
145
175
213
218
214
209
205
1751981
219
180
154
191
233
239
238
225
222
1891982
239
192
158
201
255
258
258
252
245
2111983
252
198
158
207
268
272
272
264
257
2121984
265
203
162
213
283
285
292
279
270
2191985
277
211
166
221
296
296
307
292
285
2421986
291
219
170
231
308
306
319
308
296
2561987
303
227
172
242
321
316
337
324
308
2611988
315
235
184
251
335
327
354
339
317
2801989
328
246
197
260
351
340
370
357
333
2921990
346
254
198
269
369
356
390
377
348
3001991
366
266
205
280
387
371
407
398
363
3191992
380
267
205
280
400
382
418
417
376
3281993
393
273
205
289
415
395
435
440
395
3351994
399
276
211
290
421
397
448
450
398
3361995
406
275
215
291
428
403
453
464
403
3531996
418
284
223
298
444
415
463
481
420
3341997
431
292
240
306
462
427
482
495
433
3481998
456
305
249
319
485
451
498
516
476
3501999
473
324
266
343
497
470
503
534
492
3702000
493
344
283
366
516
493
521
564
508
3922001
512
353
288
375
543
512
547
587
536
3902002
529
367
295
385
568
530
571
602
574
4302003
552
371
299
387
584
546
590
609
601
4352004
573
375
293
391
599
561
608
625
615
4782005
585
381
304
396
612
573
621
644
639
4922006
600
395
305
413
627
583
645
659
658
5102007
614
409
318
426
646
597
668
677
679
5342008
638
420
322
445
670
623
682
707
711
5632009
657
424
323
445
687
634
709
712
727
6022010
669
422
336
439
704
648
731
730
736
6012011
684
421
328
438
718
662
734
744
749
6642012
691
416
330
429
727
666
747
746
766
6672013
706
423
350
442
740
665
767
761
779
6912014
719
451
357
468
752
679
781
780
780
7402015
726
450
364
468
761
690
804
799
784
7402016
749
486
388
500
784
705
839
836
812
749Men1979
292
196
155
211
314
295
336
338
312
2191980
313
208
162
224
339
314
367
367
345
2291981
340
218
168
237
372
340
397
396
377
2661982
364
225
170
244
393
358
422
419
399
3001983
379
223
168
242
407
371
442
444
416
3081984
392
231
174
250
422
382
471
470
439
3281985
407
241
183
258
443
394
487
489
467
3671986
419
246
186
264
463
402
499
506
484
3581987
434
257
196
275
477
412
510
520
495
3801988
449
262
205
279
487
421
517
549
509
3951989
468
271
209
290
500
434
542
569
521
3931990
481
282
218
298
512
449
560
591
546
4031991
493
285
219
300
523
458
576
612
563
4671992
501
284
218
297
536
466
581
634
579
4211993
510
288
221
303
555
476
596
653
586
4511994
522
294
228
307
576
479
617
671
603
4411995
538
303
244
315
588
490
624
685
623
4411996
557
307
251
321
599
499
632
698
643
4771997
579
317
262
338
615
515
651
713
669
4521998
598
334
281
357
639
544
677
732
699
4821999
618
356
291
379
668
577
702
763
725
4702000
641
375
306
395
693
598
728
771
735
5222001
670
391
319
408
720
617
754
799
760
5652002
679
391
312
410
732
627
759
807
802
5832003
695
398
321
412
744
628
775
834
827
6122004
713
400
318
417
762
639
804
857
843
6412005
722
409
330
422
771
644
822
853
855
6442006
743
418
348
435
797
661
836
897
902
6582007
766
443
357
472
823
687
873
909
933
6862008
798
461
369
481
857
704
915
944
943
7532009
819
458
356
479
873
715
916
967
965
7912010
824
443
355
468
874
714
915
954
979
7942011
832
455
370
470
886
717
935
979
997
8212012
854
468
373
482
910
738
957
994
1,005
8602013
860
479
390
492
912
744
956
994
1,011
9372014
871
493
392
507
922
755
964
1,011
1,021
9422015
895
510
407
522
947
770
983
1,040
1,064
1,0032016
915
512
419
523
969
794
1,007
1,075
1,102
992Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2016 annual averages (in current dollars)

Year
Total, 16 years and older
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicityTotal1979
$241
$248
$199
–
$1941980
262
269
212
–
2091981
284
291
235
–
2231982
302
310
245
–
2401983
313
320
261
–
2501984
326
336
269
–
2591985
344
356
277
–
2701986
359
371
291
–
2771987
374
384
301
–
2851988
385
395
314
–
2901989
399
409
319
–
2981990
412
424
329
–
3041991
426
442
348
–
3121992
440
458
357
–
3211993
459
475
369
–
3311994
467
484
371
–
3241995
479
494
383
–
3291996
490
506
387
–
3391997
503
519
400
–
3511998
523
545
426
–
3701999
549
573
445
–
3852000
576
590
474
$615
3992001
596
610
491
639
4172002
608
623
498
658
4242003
620
636
514
693
4402004
638
657
525
708
4562005
651
672
520
753
4712006
671
690
554
784
4862007
695
716
569
830
5032008
722
742
589
861
5292009
739
757
601
880
5412010
747
765
611
855
5352011
756
775
615
866
5492012
768
792
621
920
5682013
776
802
629
942
5782014
791
816
639
953
5942015
809
835
641
993
6042016
832
862
678
1,021
624Women1979
182
184
169
–
1571980
201
203
185
–
1721981
219
221
206
–
1901982
239
242
217
–
2031983
252
254
232
–
2151984
265
268
241
–
2231985
277
281
252
–
2301986
291
294
264
–
2411987
303
307
276
–
2511988
315
318
288
–
2601989
328
334
301
–
2691990
346
353
308
–
2781991
366
373
323
–
2921992
380
387
335
–
3021993
393
401
348
–
3131994
399
408
346
–
3051995
406
415
355
–
3051996
418
428
362
–
3161997
431
444
375
–
3181998
456
468
400
–
3371999
473
483
409
–
3482000
493
502
429
547
3662001
512
522
454
563
3882002
529
547
473
566
3972003
552
567
491
598
4102004
573
584
505
613
4192005
585
596
499
665
4292006
600
609
519
699
4402007
614
626
533
731
4732008
638
654
554
753
5012009
657
669
582
779
5092010
669
684
592
773
5082011
684
703
595
751
5182012
691
710
599
770
5212013
706
722
606
819
5412014
719
734
611
841
5482015
726
743
615
877
5662016
749
766
641
902
586Men1979
292
298
227
–
2191980
313
320
244
–
2341981
340
350
268
–
2511982
364
375
278
–
2691983
379
387
294
–
2741984
392
401
303
–
2871985
407
418
305
–
2961986
419
433
319
–
2991987
434
450
327
–
3061988
449
465
348
–
3081989
468
482
348
–
3151990
481
494
361
–
3181991
493
506
375
–
3231992
501
514
380
–
3391993
510
524
392
–
3461994
522
547
400
–
3431995
538
566
411
–
3501996
557
580
412
–
3561997
579
595
432
–
3711998
598
615
468
–
3901999
618
638
488
–
4062000
641
662
510
685
4172001
670
689
529
732
4402002
679
702
524
756
4512003
695
715
555
772
4642004
713
732
569
802
4802005
722
743
559
825
4892006
743
761
591
882
5052007
766
788
600
936
5202008
798
825
620
966
5592009
819
845
621
952
5692010
824
850
633
936
5602011
832
856
653
970
5712012
854
879
665
1,055
5922013
860
884
664
1,059
5942014
871
897
680
1,080
6162015
895
920
680
1,129
6312016
915
942
718
1,151
663Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–02 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by educational attainment, 1979–2016 annual averages (in current dollars)

Year
Total, 25 years and older
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Some college or associate's degree
Bachelor's degree and higherTotal1979
$265
$210
$249
$282
$3441980
286
222
266
304
3761981
308
240
286
324
4071982
327
248
302
351
4381983
343
256
311
363
4611984
362
263
323
382
4861985
379
270
333
399
5061986
391
278
344
409
5251987
403
284
356
421
5641988
414
288
368
430
5851989
427
297
375
452
6091990
449
303
386
476
6381991
467
307
397
489
6661992
479
311
403
484
6961993
491
314
415
494
7151994
500
307
421
499
7331995
510
309
432
508
7471996
520
317
443
518
7581997
540
321
461
535
7791998
572
337
479
558
8211999
592
346
490
580
8602000
609
362
505
596
8912001
630
382
520
617
9212002
646
388
535
629
9412003
662
396
554
639
9642004
683
401
574
661
9862005
696
409
583
670
1,0132006
718
419
595
692
1,0392007
738
428
604
704
1,0722008
761
453
618
722
1,1152009
774
454
626
726
1,1372010
782
444
626
734
1,1442011
797
451
638
739
1,1502012
815
471
652
749
1,1652013
827
472
651
748
1,1942014
839
488
668
761
1,1932015
860
493
678
762
1,2302016
885
504
692
779
1,259Women1979
195
152
185
211
2641980
213
164
201
231
2901981
233
175
217
255
3181982
255
184
236
274
3461983
268
195
246
288
3691984
283
200
259
305
3901985
296
202
268
317
4141986
308
208
277
330
4361987
321
214
288
347
4661988
335
221
298
360
4851989
351
231
304
379
5071990
369
240
315
395
5351991
387
250
328
409
5621992
400
256
337
407
5941993
415
263
347
422
6111994
421
257
351
423
6341995
428
262
356
427
6441996
444
268
365
442
6571997
462
275
378
459
6721998
485
283
396
476
7071999
497
290
405
488
7402000
516
304
420
505
7562001
543
316
443
520
7862002
568
325
458
543
8092003
584
329
474
560
8322004
599
334
488
577
8602005
612
341
493
587
8832006
627
358
500
602
9052007
646
369
512
609
9322008
670
378
520
628
9552009
687
382
542
630
9702010
704
388
543
638
9862011
718
395
554
645
9982012
727
386
561
659
1,0012013
740
400
573
657
1,0432014
752
409
578
661
1,0492015
761
418
586
664
1,0642016
784
423
599
688
1,101Men1979
314
252
308
329
3961980
339
267
327
358
4271981
372
286
356
389
4751982
393
293
374
411
5031983
407
301
388
422
5181984
422
308
399
446
5621985
443
314
407
472
5901986
463
321
416
485
6181987
477
324
423
497
6531988
487
332
437
503
6791989
500
346
450
517
7051990
512
349
459
542
7411991
523
349
470
563
7641992
536
351
479
555
7911993
555
356
487
572
8061994
576
342
496
587
8261995
588
347
507
596
8451996
599
357
516
604
8741997
615
365
535
621
8961998
639
383
559
643
9391999
668
395
580
665
9772000
693
406
591
691
1,0202001
720
419
609
723
1,0672002
732
421
617
731
1,0902003
744
429
628
740
1,1312004
762
446
645
761
1,1432005
771
455
652
766
1,1672006
797
469
678
796
1,2052007
823
481
689
810
1,2432008
857
497
709
830
1,2852009
873
500
716
835
1,3272010
874
486
710
845
1,3302011
886
488
720
840
1,3322012
910
508
735
857
1,3712013
912
500
732
858
1,3952014
922
517
751
872
1,3852015
947
520
759
883
1,4202016
969
551
769
896
1,464Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.



Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by age, 1979–2016 annual averages (in current dollars)

Year
Total, 16 years and older
16 to 24 years
25 years and olderTotal
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and olderTotal1979
$4.44
$3.49
$3.10
$4.02
$5.11
$5.20
$5.29
$5.16
$4.97
$3.231980
4.82
3.71
3.22
4.29
5.55
5.66
5.76
5.65
5.39
3.561981
5.15
3.97
3.58
4.61
5.99
6.09
6.20
6.01
5.81
3.921982
5.40
4.05
3.60
4.66
6.28
6.35
6.61
6.42
6.11
4.121983
5.59
4.08
3.61
4.69
6.55
6.50
6.91
6.73
6.41
4.401984
5.83
4.18
3.65
4.82
6.84
6.77
7.17
7.08
6.62
4.631985
6.03
4.26
3.67
4.94
7.05
6.92
7.49
7.37
6.91
4.741986
6.20
4.41
3.71
5.06
7.23
7.01
7.79
7.73
7.17
4.971987
6.47
4.59
3.81
5.21
7.46
7.19
7.94
7.86
7.42
5.081988
6.73
4.79
4.03
5.38
7.74
7.43
8.17
8.16
7.48
5.231989
6.99
4.95
4.22
5.65
7.94
7.64
8.56
8.42
7.82
5.421990
7.23
5.16
4.49
5.91
8.16
7.90
8.82
8.79
8.02
5.751991
7.50
5.26
4.69
6.00
8.48
8.04
9.17
9.11
8.19
5.941992
7.72
5.37
4.73
6.03
8.73
8.17
9.38
9.52
8.48
6.141993
7.87
5.51
4.80
6.15
8.95
8.27
9.61
9.86
8.90
6.391994
8.01
5.62
4.91
6.22
9.12
8.38
9.92
10.02
9.02
6.391995
8.17
5.80
5.04
6.42
9.36
8.71
10.02
10.13
9.20
6.651996
8.40
5.94
5.17
6.69
9.62
8.82
10.14
10.24
9.39
6.771997
8.75
6.15
5.51
6.91
9.87
9.04
10.36
10.60
9.73
6.891998
9.10
6.58
5.88
7.24
10.13
9.65
10.86
10.96
10.08
7.401999
9.53
6.87
6.08
7.74
10.47
9.98
11.02
11.33
10.38
7.702000
9.91
7.24
6.41
8.07
10.88
10.18
11.35
11.82
10.82
8.052001
10.19
7.69
6.76
8.38
11.40
10.67
11.97
12.17
11.37
8.532002
10.47
7.81
6.91
8.47
11.83
10.98
12.18
12.46
11.85
9.072003
10.85
7.90
6.93
8.66
12.05
11.25
12.46
12.97
12.19
9.192004
11.00
7.98
7.00
8.78
12.23
11.37
12.89
13.23
12.58
9.622005
11.19
8.07
7.05
8.91
12.48
11.76
13.11
13.48
12.95
9.932006
11.76
8.24
7.23
9.16
12.94
11.95
13.49
14.03
13.33
10.152007
11.95
8.65
7.57
9.66
13.16
12.05
13.93
14.39
13.71
10.372008
12.23
8.87
7.84
9.76
13.81
12.50
14.38
14.87
14.20
10.892009
12.44
8.90
7.92
9.77
13.91
12.60
14.59
14.85
14.70
11.492010
12.50
8.90
8.00
9.53
13.98
12.53
14.61
14.98
14.89
11.552011
12.71
8.97
8.06
9.61
14.12
12.71
14.83
15.00
15.07
12.192012
12.80
9.05
8.10
9.70
14.25
12.82
14.86
15.07
15.39
12.212013
12.93
9.16
8.19
9.83
14.50
12.88
14.98
15.17
15.62
12.472014
13.14
9.55
8.43
9.98
14.80
13.13
15.11
15.39
15.36
13.022015
13.44
9.85
8.85
10.14
14.91
13.60
15.16
15.84
15.91
13.082016
14.00
10.12
9.20
10.79
15.13
14.00
15.77
16.29
16.20
13.77Women1979
3.62
3.19
3.03
3.52
3.90
4.04
3.97
3.84
3.75
3.121980
3.95
3.45
3.14
3.79
4.24
4.44
4.29
4.23
4.08
3.381981
4.28
3.71
3.52
4.09
4.69
4.89
4.77
4.59
4.43
3.711982
4.61
3.78
3.55
4.19
5.02
5.19
5.08
4.95
4.80
3.931983
4.80
3.82
3.55
4.26
5.23
5.44
5.31
5.19
5.07
4.161984
4.97
3.93
3.59
4.36
5.48
5.60
5.61
5.51
5.27
4.371985
5.13
4.01
3.61
4.56
5.73
5.79
5.91
5.76
5.46
4.431986
5.33
4.11
3.65
4.71
5.95
5.95
6.13
5.99
5.75
4.731987
5.60
4.22
3.71
4.89
6.16
6.14
6.35
6.28
6.03
4.851988
5.84
4.48
3.91
5.05
6.44
6.36
6.76
6.59
6.08
5.121989
6.11
4.69
4.10
5.23
6.78
6.68
7.10
6.90
6.38
5.141990
6.44
4.95
4.35
5.57
7.07
7.01
7.37
7.16
6.73
5.451991
6.75
5.08
4.64
5.71
7.34
7.19
7.73
7.61
6.95
5.761992
6.96
5.16
4.69
5.77
7.65
7.45
7.99
7.94
7.20
5.971993
7.12
5.27
4.73
5.96
7.87
7.61
8.16
8.18
7.56
6.181994
7.25
5.32
4.83
5.98
8.05
7.78
8.44
8.46
7.82
6.241995
7.46
5.49
4.94
6.09
8.17
7.92
8.63
8.72
7.93
6.451996
7.73
5.68
5.09
6.26
8.43
8.06
8.89
8.94
8.07
6.451997
7.94
5.95
5.42
6.55
8.75
8.20
9.14
9.26
8.31
6.831998
8.23
6.24
5.78
6.93
9.13
8.80
9.66
9.78
8.85
7.211999
8.64
6.60
5.98
7.22
9.53
9.10
9.83
9.95
9.33
7.502000
9.06
7.00
6.23
7.80
9.89
9.69
10.03
10.18
9.84
7.872001
9.64
7.25
6.61
8.00
10.20
9.94
10.44
10.85
10.39
8.142002
9.89
7.45
6.80
8.11
10.71
10.12
10.98
11.18
10.81
8.732003
10.08
7.59
6.85
8.19
11.01
10.51
11.17
11.79
11.05
8.842004
10.17
7.71
6.86
8.32
11.23
10.62
11.45
11.95
11.57
9.162005
10.31
7.80
6.92
8.50
11.58
10.86
11.84
12.13
11.86
9.822006
10.65
7.99
7.11
8.82
11.87
11.07
12.05
12.26
12.12
9.972007
10.98
8.15
7.41
9.00
12.05
11.21
12.36
12.85
12.23
10.152008
11.49
8.43
7.71
9.16
12.48
11.72
12.89
13.16
13.00
10.532009
11.76
8.58
7.82
9.19
12.76
11.96
13.00
13.09
13.59
11.112010
11.83
8.62
7.91
9.08
12.88
12.04
13.12
13.50
13.68
11.182011
11.98
8.73
7.96
9.16
13.10
12.12
13.44
13.76
14.03
11.762012
11.99
8.78
8.02
9.17
13.17
12.15
13.46
13.80
14.36
11.842013
12.12
8.93
8.09
9.40
13.36
12.23
13.77
13.94
14.53
12.222014
12.18
9.14
8.29
9.77
13.50
12.25
14.00
14.14
14.19
12.472015
12.56
9.54
8.75
9.95
13.92
12.89
14.13
14.80
14.77
12.662016
13.01
10.00
9.07
10.25
14.23
13.08
14.75
14.97
15.10
13.02Men1979
5.65
3.90
3.19
4.64
6.69
6.38
7.12
7.10
6.59
3.561980
6.10
4.10
3.37
4.92
7.22
6.93
7.81
7.78
7.24
3.791981
6.57
4.31
3.64
5.11
7.78
7.33
8.30
8.49
7.88
4.211982
6.85
4.38
3.66
5.12
8.08
7.67
8.89
8.88
8.14
4.461983
6.92
4.38
3.67
5.05
8.31
7.74
9.22
9.16
8.74
4.751984
7.12
4.57
3.72
5.16
8.60
7.88
9.51
9.69
8.86
4.911985
7.33
4.68
3.75
5.23
8.85
8.00
9.80
9.97
9.04
4.991986
7.59
4.79
3.82
5.43
9.02
8.03
9.99
10.15
9.54
5.181987
7.77
4.91
3.95
5.68
9.16
8.26
10.10
10.24
9.72
5.321988
7.91
5.03
4.14
5.79
9.38
8.41
10.22
10.69
9.74
5.521989
8.10
5.17
4.39
6.02
9.71
8.56
10.59
10.88
10.00
5.901990
8.27
5.44
4.64
6.18
9.84
8.83
10.73
11.13
10.17
6.081991
8.59
5.58
4.74
6.23
9.98
8.94
10.98
11.71
10.08
6.221992
8.67
5.65
4.80
6.24
10.06
9.02
10.93
12.02
10.39
6.451993
8.86
5.75
4.87
6.33
10.18
9.10
11.16
12.15
10.96
6.711994
9.00
5.88
4.98
6.56
10.29
9.10
11.50
12.10
11.06
6.641995
9.23
6.04
5.14
6.82
10.73
9.46
11.89
12.32
11.11
6.851996
9.52
6.17
5.25
6.99
10.78
9.70
11.91
12.40
11.15
7.041997
9.83
6.45
5.61
7.18
11.10
9.92
12.07
12.80
11.79
6.961998
10.06
6.91
5.98
7.78
11.72
10.22
12.48
13.04
12.22
7.741999
10.31
7.12
6.18
8.03
12.00
10.84
12.78
13.68
12.21
7.862000
10.81
7.63
6.64
8.39
12.24
10.97
13.14
13.90
12.81
8.312001
11.32
8.01
6.90
8.92
12.88
11.58
13.92
14.25
12.95
9.002002
11.64
8.05
7.02
8.88
13.05
11.89
13.96
14.40
13.38
9.782003
11.89
8.14
7.02
9.00
13.25
12.01
14.13
14.93
14.09
9.792004
12.02
8.21
7.15
9.07
13.74
12.03
14.60
15.11
14.54
9.902005
12.16
8.42
7.21
9.20
13.91
12.17
14.88
15.13
14.79
10.042006
12.68
8.79
7.43
9.75
14.27
12.63
15.06
16.04
15.04
10.722007
12.95
9.13
7.77
9.96
14.75
12.83
15.17
16.15
15.45
11.012008
13.46
9.24
7.98
10.00
15.03
13.47
16.02
16.82
15.90
11.502009
13.76
9.22
8.05
9.99
15.07
13.20
16.10
16.99
16.09
12.002010
13.76
9.21
8.09
9.90
15.04
13.10
15.83
16.89
16.45
11.922011
13.80
9.23
8.16
9.90
15.11
13.18
16.03
16.88
17.07
12.852012
13.88
9.44
8.19
9.97
15.17
13.28
16.05
16.99
17.28
13.032013
14.00
9.67
8.37
10.00
15.27
13.42
16.21
17.17
17.28
12.882014
14.39
9.89
8.63
10.15
15.76
14.08
16.55
17.41
17.46
13.982015
14.67
10.03
8.97
10.64
15.86
14.17
16.48
17.55
17.99
14.152016
14.96
10.24
9.48
11.15
16.25
14.83
17.20
18.03
18.05
14.78Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2016 annual averages (in current dollars)

Year
Total, 16 years and older
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicityTotal1979
$4.44
$4.51
$4.11
–
$4.081980
4.82
4.88
4.44
–
4.441981
5.15
5.18
4.90
–
4.811982
5.40
5.47
5.06
–
5.011983
5.59
5.66
5.15
–
5.091984
5.83
5.90
5.36
–
5.271985
6.03
6.10
5.50
–
5.471986
6.20
6.28
5.80
–
5.651987
6.47
6.56
5.99
–
5.821988
6.73
6.81
6.15
–
5.951989
6.99
7.08
6.43
–
6.071990
7.23
7.33
6.81
–
6.281991
7.50
7.61
7.00
–
6.461992
7.72
7.82
7.06
–
6.651993
7.87
7.97
7.18
–
6.831994
8.01
8.11
7.29
–
6.931995
8.17
8.32
7.66
–
7.001996
8.40
8.57
7.76
–
7.171997
8.75
8.88
8.01
–
7.391998
9.10
9.22
8.39
–
7.921999
9.53
9.74
8.85
–
8.072000
9.91
9.96
9.34
$10.07
8.542001
10.19
10.26
9.78
10.75
9.062002
10.47
10.71
9.93
10.36
9.222003
10.85
10.97
10.15
11.12
9.762004
11.00
11.13
10.19
11.10
9.812005
11.19
11.48
10.17
12.01
9.952006
11.76
11.86
10.66
12.53
10.122007
11.95
12.08
10.89
12.22
10.242008
12.23
12.54
11.20
13.01
10.972009
12.44
12.66
11.64
13.16
11.042010
12.50
12.74
11.77
13.22
10.882011
12.71
12.91
11.79
13.35
11.052012
12.80
13.04
11.84
13.23
11.122013
12.93
13.15
11.90
13.62
11.252014
13.14
13.57
11.88
14.00
11.832015
13.44
13.87
12.06
14.19
12.042016
14.00
14.24
12.49
14.79
12.69Women1979
3.62
3.62
3.55
–
3.441980
3.95
3.96
3.88
–
3.781981
4.28
4.28
4.19
–
4.101982
4.61
4.61
4.49
–
4.331983
4.80
4.81
4.72
–
4.421984
4.97
4.98
4.87
–
4.651985
5.13
5.14
5.04
–
4.821986
5.33
5.35
5.17
–
5.001987
5.60
5.62
5.40
–
5.111988
5.84
5.86
5.61
–
5.281989
6.11
6.13
5.88
–
5.531990
6.44
6.46
6.23
–
5.801991
6.75
6.76
6.55
–
5.981992
6.96
6.99
6.64
–
6.171993
7.12
7.16
6.87
–
6.311994
7.25
7.34
6.93
–
6.401995
7.46
7.54
7.12
–
6.601996
7.73
7.79
7.20
–
6.771997
7.94
8.00
7.59
–
6.821998
8.23
8.33
7.90
–
7.221999
8.64
8.73
8.13
–
7.462000
9.06
9.09
8.86
9.77
7.892001
9.64
9.73
9.15
10.07
8.282002
9.89
9.94
9.45
10.10
8.542003
10.08
10.11
9.91
10.68
8.882004
10.17
10.21
9.93
10.57
9.042005
10.31
10.50
9.93
11.64
9.182006
10.65
10.77
10.11
11.95
9.502007
10.98
11.06
10.45
11.83
9.802008
11.49
11.70
10.78
12.25
10.072009
11.76
11.83
11.01
12.67
10.092010
11.83
11.88
11.20
12.41
10.112011
11.98
12.05
11.28
12.80
10.252012
11.99
12.08
11.23
12.75
10.212013
12.12
12.21
11.54
13.04
10.492014
12.18
12.38
11.57
13.23
10.722015
12.56
12.82
11.70
13.80
11.082016
13.01
13.20
12.09
14.07
11.79Men1979
5.65
5.79
4.89
–
4.791980
6.10
6.23
5.18
–
5.031981
6.57
6.71
5.81
–
5.371982
6.85
6.98
5.97
–
5.731983
6.92
7.07
5.96
–
5.811984
7.12
7.26
6.16
–
6.041985
7.33
7.58
6.15
–
6.071986
7.59
7.78
6.57
–
6.191987
7.77
7.93
6.74
–
6.371988
7.91
8.06
6.94
–
6.511989
8.10
8.28
7.07
–
6.661990
8.27
8.55
7.37
–
6.741991
8.59
8.82
7.57
–
6.881992
8.67
8.89
7.62
–
6.991993
8.86
9.07
7.67
–
7.121994
9.00
9.21
7.92
–
7.171995
9.23
9.62
8.16
–
7.261996
9.52
9.79
8.18
–
7.621997
9.83
9.96
8.67
–
7.901998
10.06
10.18
9.09
–
8.241999
10.31
10.61
9.77
–
8.612000
10.81
10.95
9.98
10.79
9.042001
11.32
11.61
10.18
11.84
9.672002
11.64
11.86
10.24
11.02
9.922003
11.89
12.03
10.81
11.89
10.032004
12.02
12.16
10.88
11.90
10.022005
12.16
12.47
10.90
12.75
10.192006
12.68
12.88
11.42
13.18
10.842007
12.95
13.22
11.57
13.22
11.072008
13.46
13.85
11.99
14.03
11.832009
13.76
13.95
12.27
14.01
11.922010
13.76
13.97
12.16
14.11
11.732011
13.80
14.02
12.06
14.25
11.812012
13.88
14.17
12.20
14.15
11.962013
14.00
14.24
12.16
14.24
11.992014
14.39
14.86
12.21
14.66
12.382015
14.67
14.93
12.66
14.87
12.922016
14.96
15.13
13.06
15.04
13.83Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–02 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Technical Notes
     
The estimates in this report were obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), which provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment. The survey is conducted monthly for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau using a scientifically selected national sample of about 60,000 eligible households representing all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The survey data on earnings are based on one-fourth of the CPS monthly sample and are limited to wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers, both incorporated and unincorporated, are excluded from the data presented in this report.
The earnings comparisons in this report are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that can help explain earnings differences. This includes the direct comparisons of earnings levels among demographic groups and the women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios shown in the tables (that is, women’s earnings as a percentage of men’s). For example, the overall ratio of women’s-to-men’s earnings for full-time workers presented here is not controlled for differences in important determinants of earnings such as age, occupation, and educational attainment. The earnings comparisons in this report are not restricted to workers with otherwise comparable characteristics and comparable jobs. Even controlling for one of the factors may not fully explain earnings differences. Comparisons of women’s and men’s earnings by detailed occupation, for example, are not simultaneously controlled for differences in key factors such as age, job skills and responsibilities, work experience, and specialization.
Material in this report is in the public domain and may be used without permission. Information in this report will be made available upon request to individuals with sensory impairments. Voice telephone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1 (800) 877-8339.
Concepts and definitions
The principal concepts and definitions used in this report are described briefly below.
*Wage and salary workers* are people age 16 and older who receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payments in kind, or piece rates on their sole or principal job. This group includes employees in both the public and private sectors. All self-employed workers are excluded whether or not their businesses are incorporated.
*Full-time workers* are defined for the purpose of these estimates as those who usually work 35 hours or more per week at their sole or principal job. The federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full- or part-time employment.
*Part-time workers* are defined for the purpose of these estimates as those who usually work fewer than 35 hours per week at their sole or principal job. The federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full- or part-time employment.
*Usual weekly earnings* reflect earnings before taxes and other deductions and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the case of multiple jobholders). Before 1994, respondents were asked how much they usually earned per week. Since January 1994, respondents have been asked to identify the easiest way for them to report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice monthly, monthly, annually, or other) and how much they usually earn in the reported time period. Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly are converted to a weekly equivalent. The term “usual” is determined by each respondent’s own understanding of the term. If the respondent asks for a definition of “usual,” interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months.
*The median of usual weekly earnings* reflects the midpoint in a given earnings distribution, with half of workers having earnings above the median and the other half having earnings below the median.
The BLS procedure for estimating the median of a weekly earnings distribution places each reported or calculated weekly earnings value into a $50-wide interval that is centered around a multiple of $50. The median is calculated through the linear interpolation of the interval in which the median lies.
Changes over time in the medians for specific groups may not necessarily be consistent with the movements estimated for the overall median boundary. The most common reasons for this possible anomaly are as follows:
There could be a change in the relative weights of the subgroups. For example, the median earnings of 16- to 24-year-olds and the median earnings of those 25 years and older may rise, but if the lower earning 16-to-24 age group accounts for a greatly increased share of the total, the overall median could actually fall.
There could be a large change in the shape of the distribution of reported earnings, particularly near a median boundary. This change could be caused by survey observations that are clustered at rounded values, such as $600 or $700. An estimate lying in a $50-wide centered interval containing such a cluster tends to change more slowly than one in other intervals. Consider, for example, the calculation of the median for a multipeaked earnings distribution that shifts over time. As such a distribution shifts, the median does not necessarily move at the same rate. Specifically, the median takes relatively more time to move through a frequently reported earnings interval, but once above the upper limit of such an interval, it can move relatively quickly to the next frequently reported interval. BLS procedures for estimating medians mitigate such irregular movements; however, users should be cautious of these effects when evaluating short-term changes in the medians and in ratios of the medians.*Workers paid by the hour* are employed wage and salary workers who report that they are paid at an hourly rate on their job. Typically, workers paid an hourly wage have made up around 60 percent of all wage and salary workers. Estimates of workers paid by the hour include both full- and part-time workers unless otherwise specified.
*Hourly earnings* data are for wage and salary workers who are paid by the hour and pertain to earnings from a person’s sole or principal job. Hourly earnings for hourly paid workers do not include overtime pay, commissions, or tips received.
*Workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage* include only workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and other nonhourly paid workers are excluded, even though some have earnings that, if converted to hourly rates, would be at or below the federal minimum wage.
The estimates of workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage in this report are based solely on whether the hourly wage they report (which does not include overtime pay, tips, or commissions) is at or below the federal minimum wage. Some respondents might round hourly earnings when answering survey questions. As a result, some workers might report having hourly earnings above or below the federal minimum wage when in fact they earn the minimum wage.
Some workers who reported earnings below the prevailing federal minimum wage may not be covered by federal or state minimum wage laws because of exclusions and exemptions in the statutes. Thus, the presence of workers with hourly earnings below the federal minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) or state statutes in cases where such standards apply. The CPS does not include questions on whether workers are covered by the minimum wage provisions of the FLSA or by individual state or local minimum wage laws. For more information about the minimum wage exemptions in the FLSA, see the U.S. Department of Labor’s website, “Minimum Wage and Overtime Pay: Who is Covered.”
The estimates presented in this report likely understate the actual number of workers with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage. BLS does not routinely estimate the hourly earnings of workers not paid by the hour because there are data quality concerns associated with constructing such an estimate.
Regular collection of earnings data in the basic CPS began in 1979. The prevailing federal minimum wage from 1979 to the present is as follows, with the last change occurring in 2009.
**Federal minimum wage**
**Effective date**$2.90
January 1, 1979$3.10
January 1, 1980$3.35
January 1, 1981$3.80
April 1, 1990$4.25
April 1, 1991$4.75
October 1, 1996$5.15
September 1, 1997$5.85
July 24, 2007$6.55
July 24, 2008$7.25
July 24, 2009When the minimum wage has increased during a given year, the estimates of the annual average number of minimum wage workers reflect both minimum wage levels in effect during the year. For example, data for 2007 reflect the number of workers who earned the federal minimum wage of $5.15 for January to July and the number of workers who earned the minimum wage of $5.85 for August to December.
*Race* is reported by the household respondent. In accordance with the Office of Management and Budget standards, White, Black or African American, and Asian are terms used to describe a person’s race. Beginning in 2003, people in these categories are those who selected that race group only. Those who identify multiple race groups are categorized as people of Two or More Races. Before 2003, people of Two or More Races identified one group as their main race. For more information on the 2003 changes to questions on race, see “Revisions to the Current Population Survey Effective in January 2003.” Data for other race groups—American Indians and Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders—and for people of Two or More Races are included in totals but not separately identified in this report because the number of survey respondents is too small to develop estimates of sufficient quality.
*Hispanic or Latino ethnicity* refers to people who identified themselves in the survey process as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. People who identify themselves as Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race and are included in estimates for the race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) in addition to being shown separately.
*Married, spouse present* refers to people in opposite-sex marriages living together in the same household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, on vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, or for other reasons.
*Other marital status refers* to people who are never married; widowed; divorced; separated; married, spouse absent; as well as people in same-sex marriages. Separated includes people with legal separations, those living apart with intentions of obtaining a divorce, and other people permanently or temporarily separated because of marital discord. Married, spouse absent, includes opposite-sex married people living apart because either the husband or wife was employed and living at a considerable distance from home, was serving away from home in the Armed Forces, had moved to another area, or had a different place of residence for any other reason except those listed in the separated definition above.
*Inflation-adjusted earnings* shown in this report use the Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) to convert current dollars to constant, or inflation-adjusted, dollars. BLS has made numerous improvements to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) over the years. Although these improvements make the CPI more accurate, the official histories of CPI series are not adjusted to reflect the improvements. Because many researchers need a historical series that measures price change consistently over time, BLS developed the CPI-U-RS to provide an estimate of the CPI that incorporates most of the methodological improvements made since 1978 into the entire series. For further information, see Kenneth J. Stewart and Stephen B. Reed, “CPI research series using current methods, 1978–98,” (*Monthly Labor Review*, June 1999) and “Questions and Answers: Consumer Price Index Research Series Using Current Methods.”
This report uses the most recent version of the CPI-U-RS available at the time of production. Users should note that the CPI-U-RS is subject to periodic revision. As a result, the rate of inflation incorporated into the inflation-adjusted median earnings estimates in this report may differ from the rate used in previous reports in this series or in other publications.
Reliability
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
Readers should be aware that because of sampling error, apparent differences between estimates for two or more groups or categories may not be statistically significant, and therefore not meaningfully different from one another. Standard errors are shown with many of the median earnings estimates in this report to help readers evaluate differences in earnings estimates.
The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information on all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. Further information about the reliability of data from the CPS is available on the CPS Technical Documentation page of the BLS website.
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