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           EMPLOYER COSTS FOR EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION - MARCH 2002

     In March 2002, employer costs for employee compensation for civilian
workers in private industry and State and local government in the United
States averaged $23.15 per hour worked, the U.S. Department of Labor's
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today.  Wages and salaries, which
averaged $16.76, accounted for 72.4 percent of these costs, while benefits,
which averaged $6.39, accounted for the remaining 27.6 percent.  (See table
1.)

     Legally required benefits averaged $1.80 per hour (7.8 percent of
total compensation), representing the largest non-wage employer cost.
Employer costs for paid leave benefits averaged $1.59 (6.9 percent),
insurance benefits averaged $1.61 (7.0 percent), and retirement and savings
benefits averaged 80 cents (3.5 percent) per hour worked.

Private Industry

     In March 2002, private industry employer compensation costs averaged
$21.71 per hour worked.   Wages and salaries averaged $15.80 per hour (72.8
percent), while benefits averaged $5.90 (27.2 percent).  (See table 5.)

     Compensation costs varied by industry, occupational group, region,
establishment size, and worker characteristics such as bargaining status
and full- or part-time status.

     Average employer compensation costs were $25.44 per hour in goods-
producing industries, higher than the $20.66 per hour reported in service-
producing industries.  Among industry groups, average compensation costs
ranged from $11.79 in retail trade to $29.65 in transportation and public
utilities.  (See table 10.)

NOTE: The schedule of the Employer Costs for Employee Compensation will change
from an annual to a quarterly publication.  In addition to the March release,
future releases will be issued for June, September, and December.  See page 22
for details.

     Average compensation costs were $26.43 per hour for white-collar
occupations, significantly higher than the $20.15 recorded for blue-collar
occupations and the $10.95 for service occupations.  Benefits, however,
accounted for a greater proportion of compensation costs for blue-collar
occupations (30.5 percent) than for white-collar (26.3 percent) and service
occupations (23.1 percent).  (See table 6.)

     Among the four regions, compensation costs ranged from $19.49 per hour
in the South to $25.00 in the Northeast.  The proportion of compensation
represented by benefits ranged from 26.4 percent in the South and West
regions to 28.2 percent in the Northeast.  (See table 7.)

     Compensation costs also increased with establishment size.  These
costs ranged from an average of $18.51 per hour in establishments with
fewer than 100 workers to $29.79 in establishments with 500 workers or
more.  The proportion of compensation costs represented by benefits also
increased with establishment size, from 25.0 percent in establishments with
fewer than 100 workers to 30.2 percent in establishments with 500 or more
workers.  (See table 8.)

     Average employer compensation costs were higher for union workers,
$29.42 per hour, than for nonunion workers, $20.79.  Benefits represented a
significantly greater proportion of compensation costs for union workers
(34.3 percent) than for nonunion workers (26.0 percent).  These
compensation cost differences reflect variation in the distribution of
union and nonunion workers among occupations, industries, and
establishments of different sizes.  (See table 13.)

     Compensation costs also were higher for full-time workers in private
industry, $24.57 per hour, than for part-time workers, $12.14.  Benefit
costs represented a greater proportion of compensation costs for full-time
workers than for part-time workers (28.3 percent compared with 19.6
percent).  (See table 9.)  Workers are classified as full time or part time
according to the practices of surveyed establishments.  Part-time employees
are typically scheduled to work fewer hours than full-time employees in the
same work activity.

Health benefit costs in private industry

     In March 2002, private industry health benefit costs averaged $1.29
per hour or 5.9 percent of total compensation.  Employer health benefit
costs varied by industry, occupation, bargaining status, region, and
establishment size.

     In goods-producing industries, health benefit costs were higher, $1.84
per hour (7.2 percent of total compensation), than in service-producing
industries, $1.13 per hour (5.5 percent of total compensation).  (See table
5.)

     Employer costs for health benefits ranged from $1.48 per hour and 7.3
percent of total compensation for blue-collar occupations to 56 cents and
5.1 percent of total compensation for service occupations.  Among white-
collar occupations, employer costs for health benefits averaged $1.42 (5.4
percent).  (See table 6.)

     Employer costs for health benefits were higher for union workers,
averaging $2.57 per hour (8.7 percent), than for nonunion workers,
averaging $1.13 (5.4 percent).  (See table 7.)

     Among the four regions, costs for health benefits ranged from $1.14
per hour in the South to $1.48 in the Northeast.  The proportion of total
compensation represented by health benefits was 5.6 percent in the West,
5.8 percent in the South, 5.9 percent in the Northeast, and 6.4 percent in
the Midwest.  (See table 7.)

     Health benefit costs increased, both in average dollar amount and as a
proportion of total compensation, with establishment size.  Establishments
with fewer than 100 workers averaged 96 cents (5.2 percent), those
with 100-499 employees averaged $1.40 (6.4 percent), and those with 500 or
more employees averaged $1.99 (6.7 percent).  (See table 8.)

Retirement and savings benefit costs in private industry

     In March 2002, the average cost for retirement and savings benefits
was 63 cents per hour worked in private industry (2.9 percent of total
compensation).  Employer retirement and savings costs varied by industry,
occupation, bargaining status, region, and establishment size.

     Retirement and savings costs were higher in goods-producing (88 cents
per hour and 3.5 percent of total compensation) than in service-producing
(56 cents per hour and 2.7 percent of total compensation) industries.  (See
table 5.)

     The average cost per hour worked for retirement and savings was 76
cents for white-collar occupations, 69 cents for blue-collar occupations,
and 16 cents for service occupations.  The proportion of total compensation
represented by retirement and savings benefits was 3.4 percent among blue-
collar occupations, 2.9 percent for white-collar occupations, and 1.5
percent for service occupations.  (See table 6.)

     Retirement and savings costs were higher, both in average dollar
amount per hour and as a proportion of total compensation, for union
workers ($1.64 and 5.6 percent of total compensation) than for nonunion
workers (51 cents and 2.5 percent of total compensation).  Defined benefit
plan costs were nearly 10 times greater for union than nonunion workers and
represented a significantly greater proportion of employer costs for
retirement and savings than did defined contribution plans.  (See table 7.)

     Retirement and savings costs ranged from 52 cents per hour in the
South to 80 cents in the Northeast, with costs averaging 63 cents per hour
in the Midwest and 65 cents in the West.  The proportion of total
compensation represented by retirement and savings was 2.7 percent in the
South, 2.9 percent in the West, 3.0 percent in the Midwest, and 3.2 percent
in the Northeast.  (See table 7.)

     Retirement and savings costs increased, both in average dollar amount
per hour worked and as a proportion of total compensation, with
establishment size.  Establishments with fewer than 100 employees averaged
42 cents (2.3 percent), establishments with 100-499 employees averaged 63
cents (2.9 percent), and establishments with 500 or more employees averaged
$1.18 (4.0 percent).  (See table 8.)

State and local government

     In March 2002, employer costs in State and local governments averaged
$31.29 per hour worked.  Wages and salaries, which accounted for 70.8
percent of the total, averaged $22.14, while benefits, which accounted for
the remaining 29.2 percent, averaged $9.15.  (See table 3 and explanatory
notes.)

     Average hourly compensation costs were higher for white-collar
occupations ($34.78) than for blue-collar ($24.59) and service occupations
($23.50).  Benefits accounted for 34.9 percent of total compensation for
service workers, 34.1 percent for blue-collar workers, and 27.5 percent for
white-collar workers.  (See table 4.)

     Employer costs for health benefits were $2.86 for white-collar
occupations (largely professional occupations, including teachers) and
$2.20 for service occupations (including police and firefighters).
Employer costs for retirement and savings were $1.87 for white-collar and
$1.54 for service occupations.  (See table 3.)


                            Table of Contents:
                                     
Table 1.    Civilian workers, by major occupational group                6
Table 2.    Civilian workers, by occupational and industry group         7
Table 3.    State and local government, by selected characteristics      8
Table 4.    State and local government, by occupational and 
              industry group                                             9

Table 5.    Private industry, by major industry group                   10
Table 6.    Private industry, by major occupational group               11
Table 7.    Private industry, by region and bargaining status           12
Table 8.    Private industry, by establishment employment size          13

Table 9.    Private industry, by major occupational and industry group,
              and full-time and part-time status                        14
Table 10.   Private industry, by occupational and industry group        15
Table 11.   Private industry, workers in goods-producing and service-
              producing industries, by occupational group               16
Table 12.   Private industry, workers in manufacturing and 
              nonmanufacturing industries, by occupational group        17

Table 13.   Private industry, by bargaining status, and major industry
              and occupational group                                    18
Table 14.   Private industry, by establishment employment size, and
              major industry and occupational group                     19
Table 15.   Private industry, workers in health services, by industry
              and occupational group                                    20
Table 16.   Private industry, workers in transportation equipment
              manufacturing and public utilities, by industry and
              occupational group                                        21

Explanatory notes                                                       22

Appendix table.  Employer costs per hour worked for components of
  compensation, and relative standard errors, by major industry and
  occupational categories, March 2002                                   25



Table 1.  Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Civilian
workers, by major occupational group, March 2002
                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                          
                                             Civilian workers      White collar        Blue collar           Service      
               Compensation                                                                                               
                component                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                          
                                              Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent 
                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                          
Total compensation........................   $23.15    100.0     $28.02    100.0     $20.41    100.0     $13.09    100.0  
                                                                                                                          
  Wages and salaries......................    16.76     72.4      20.57     73.4      14.14     69.3       9.60     73.3  
                                                                                                                          
  Total benefits..........................     6.39     27.6       7.45     26.6       6.27     30.7       3.49     26.7  
                                                                                                                          
    Paid leave............................     1.59      6.9       2.07      7.4       1.20      5.9        .76      5.8  
      Vacation............................      .74      3.2        .94      3.4        .60      2.9        .34      2.6  
      Holiday.............................      .54      2.3        .69      2.5        .43      2.1        .25      1.9  
      Sick................................      .23      1.0        .33      1.2        .12       .6        .13      1.0  
      Other...............................      .08       .3        .11       .4        .05       .2        .04       .3  
                                                                                                                          
    Supplemental pay......................      .56      2.4        .59      2.1        .72      3.5        .25      1.9  
      Premium(1)..........................      .22      1.0        .11       .4        .50      2.4        .13      1.0  
      Shift differentials.................      .06       .3        .05       .2        .07       .3        .05       .4  
      Nonproduction bonuses...............      .28      1.2        .42      1.5        .15       .7        .07       .5  
                                                                                                                          
    Insurance.............................     1.61      7.0       1.84      6.6       1.66      8.1        .88      6.7  
      Life................................      .04       .2        .06       .2        .04       .2        .02       .2  
      Health..............................     1.50      6.5       1.70      6.1       1.55      7.6        .84      6.4  
      Short-term disability...............      .04       .2        .04       .1        .05       .2        .02       .2  
      Long-term disability................      .03       .1        .04       .1        .02       .1      (2)       (3)   
                                                                                                                          
    Retirement and savings................      .80      3.5        .97      3.5        .72      3.5        .40      3.1  
      Defined benefit.....................      .42      1.8        .46      1.6        .43      2.1        .30      2.3  
      Defined contribution................      .38      1.6        .52      1.9        .29      1.4        .10       .8  
                                                                                                                          
    Legally required benefits.............     1.80      7.8       1.94      6.9       1.95      9.6       1.19      9.1  
      Social Security(4)..................     1.34      5.8       1.60      5.7       1.20      5.9        .79      6.0  
        OASDI.............................     1.07      4.6       1.27      4.5        .97      4.8        .64      4.9  
        Medicare..........................      .27      1.2        .33      1.2        .23      1.1        .16      1.2  
      Federal unemployment insurance......      .03       .1        .03       .1        .03       .1        .03       .2  
      State unemployment insurance........      .09       .4        .08       .3        .10       .5        .08       .6  
      Workers' compensation...............      .35      1.5        .23       .8        .62      3.0        .29      2.2  
                                                                                                                          
    Other benefits(5).....................      .03       .1        .04       .1        .03       .1      (2)       (3)   

  1 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).
  2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  3 Less than .05 percent.
  4 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion.  OASDI is the
acronym for Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance.
  5 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 2.  Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Civilian
workers, by occupational and industry group, March 2002
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                        Benefit costs                         
                                                                                                                              
                                             Total     Wages                                                                  
                  Series                    compen-     and                    Supple-            Retire-   Legally    Other  
                                             sation  salaries           Paid   mental               ment    required   bene-  
                                                               Total   leave     pay   Insurance    and     benefits  fits(1) 
                                                                                                  savings                     
                                                                                                                              
                                           
                                                                      Cost per hour worked by year
                                           
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              
Civilian workers..........................   $23.15   $16.76    $6.39   $1.59   $0.56     $1.61     $0.80     $1.80     $0.03 
                                                                                                                              
            Occupational group                                                                                                
                                                                                                                              
  White-collar occupations................    28.02    20.57     7.45    2.07    0.59      1.84      0.97      1.94      0.04 
    Professional specialty and technical..    37.39    27.69     9.70    2.78     .56      2.36      1.49      2.45       .06 
      Professional specialty..............    40.04    29.83    10.22    2.96     .52      2.47      1.64      2.55       .07 
        Nurses............................    33.73    24.43     9.31    2.74    1.18      1.80      1.00      2.57       .02 
        Teachers..........................    41.89    31.98     9.91    2.21     .08      2.93      2.24      2.38       .09 
      Technical...........................    28.49    20.52     7.97    2.18     .67      1.98      1.00      2.11       .02 
    Executive, administrative, and                                                                                            
    managerial............................    42.20    30.30    11.90    3.65    1.50      2.39      1.56      2.73       .06 
    Administrative support, including                                                                                         
    clerical..............................    18.41    13.17     5.25    1.33     .34      1.62       .57      1.36       .02 
                                                                                                                              
  Blue-collar occupations.................    20.41    14.14     6.27    1.20     .72      1.66       .72      1.95       .03 
                                                                                                                              
  Service occupations.....................    13.09     9.60     3.49     .76     .25       .88       .40      1.19     (2)   
                                                                                                                              
              Industry group                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                              
  Services................................    24.82    18.49     6.33    1.75     .32      1.62       .84      1.78       .02 
    Health services.......................    24.95    18.11     6.84    2.15     .50      1.60       .72      1.85     (2)   
      Hospitals...........................    26.94    18.88     8.05    2.35     .74      2.08       .86      2.00       .02 
    Educational services..................    33.35    24.70     8.65    2.13     .11      2.68      1.73      1.94       .06 
      Elementary and secondary education..    32.57    24.24     8.32    1.85     .08      2.91      1.61      1.77       .09 
      Higher education....................    35.54    26.10     9.44    2.66     .14      2.42      2.02      2.19     (2)   
                                           
                                                                      Percent of total compensation
                                           
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              
Civilian workers..........................   100.0      72.4    27.6     6.9      2.4      7.0       3.5       7.8       0.1  
                                                                                                                              
            Occupational group                                                                                                
                                                                                                                              
  White-collar occupations................   100.0      73.4    26.6     7.4      2.1      6.6       3.5       6.9       0.1  
    Professional specialty and technical..   100.0      74.1    25.9     7.4      1.5      6.3       4.0       6.6        .2  
      Professional specialty..............   100.0      74.5    25.5     7.4      1.3      6.2       4.1       6.4        .2  
        Nurses............................   100.0      72.4    27.6     8.1      3.5      5.3       3.0       7.6        .1  
        Teachers..........................   100.0      76.3    23.7     5.3       .2      7.0       5.3       5.7        .2  
      Technical...........................   100.0      72.0    28.0     7.7      2.4      6.9       3.5       7.4        .1  
    Executive, administrative, and                                                                                            
    managerial............................   100.0      71.8    28.2     8.6      3.6      5.7       3.7       6.5        .1  
    Administrative support, including                                                                                         
    clerical..............................   100.0      71.5    28.5     7.2      1.8      8.8       3.1       7.4        .1  
                                                                                                                              
  Blue-collar occupations.................   100.0      69.3    30.7     5.9      3.5      8.1       3.5       9.6        .1  
                                                                                                                              
  Service occupations.....................   100.0      73.3    26.7     5.8      1.9      6.7       3.1       9.1      (3)   
                                                                                                                              
              Industry group                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                              
  Services................................   100.0      74.5    25.5     7.1      1.3      6.5       3.4       7.2        .1  
    Health services.......................   100.0      72.6    27.4     8.6      2.0      6.4       2.9       7.4      (3)   
      Hospitals...........................   100.0      70.1    29.9     8.7      2.7      7.7       3.2       7.4        .1  
    Educational services..................   100.0      74.1    25.9     6.4       .3      8.0       5.2       5.8        .2  
      Elementary and secondary education..   100.0      74.4    25.5     5.7       .2      8.9       4.9       5.4        .3  
      Higher education....................   100.0      73.4    26.6     7.5       .4      6.8       5.7       6.2      (3)   

  1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
  2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  3 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 3.  Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: State and local
government, by selected characteristics,(1) March 2002
                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
                                                All workers           White collar      Service occupations    Service industries 
               Compensation                                           occupations                                                 
                component                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                  
                                              Cost      Percent     Cost      Percent     Cost      Percent     Cost      Percent 
                                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                  
Total compensation........................   $31.29      100.0     $34.78      100.0     $23.50      100.0     $32.80      100.0  
                                                                                                                                  
  Wages and salaries......................    22.14       70.8      25.21       72.5      15.31       65.1      23.92       72.9  
                                                                                                                                  
  Total benefits..........................     9.15       29.2       9.57       27.5       8.19       34.9       8.88       27.1  
                                                                                                                                  
    Paid leave............................     2.43        7.8       2.53        7.3       2.20        9.4       2.23        6.8  
      Vacation............................      .84        2.7        .78        2.2        .94        4.0        .62        1.9  
      Holiday.............................      .80        2.6        .84        2.4        .70        3.0        .75        2.3  
      Sick................................      .61        1.9        .70        2.0        .40        1.7        .66        2.0  
      Other...............................      .19         .6        .21         .6        .15         .6        .20         .6  
                                                                                                                                  
    Supplemental pay......................      .26         .8        .15         .4        .56        2.4        .17         .5  
      Premium(2)..........................      .13         .4        .04         .1        .29        1.2        .06         .2  
      Shift differentials.................      .06         .2        .04         .1        .13         .6        .05         .2  
      Nonproduction bonuses...............      .08         .3        .07         .2        .14         .6        .06         .2  
                                                                                                                                  
    Insurance.............................     2.82        9.0       2.98        8.6       2.33        9.9       2.82        8.6  
      Life................................      .06         .2        .06         .2        .04         .2        .05         .2  
      Health..............................     2.69        8.6       2.86        8.2       2.20        9.4       2.71        8.3  
      Short-term disability...............      .03         .1        .02         .1        .07         .3        .02         .1  
      Long-term disability................      .03         .1        .04         .1        .02         .1        .04         .1  
                                                                                                                                  
    Retirement and savings................     1.74        5.6       1.87        5.4       1.54        6.6       1.73        5.3  
      Defined benefit.....................     1.51        4.8       1.61        4.6       1.44        6.1       1.51        4.6  
      Defined contribution................      .23         .7        .26         .7        .10         .4        .22         .7  
                                                                                                                                  
    Legally required benefits.............     1.84        5.9       1.96        5.6       1.50        6.4       1.86        5.7  
      Social Security(3)..................     1.46        4.7       1.66        4.8        .96        4.1       1.57        4.8  
        OASDI.............................     1.13        3.6       1.28        3.7        .73        3.1       1.21        3.7  
        Medicare..........................      .33        1.1        .38        1.1        .23        1.0        .35        1.1  
      Federal unemployment insurance......     (4)        (5)        (4)        (5)        (4)        (5)        (4)        (5)   
      State unemployment insurance........      .04         .1        .04         .1        .04         .2        .03         .1  
      Workers' compensation...............      .34        1.1        .27         .8        .50        2.1        .25         .8  
                                                                                                                                  
    Other benefits(6).....................      .06         .2        .07         .2        .06         .3        .07         .2  

  1 This table presents data for the two major occupational groups in State and local governments: White-collar occupations,
largely professional occupations, including teachers; and service occupations, including police and firefighters; and one major
industry group, services.  The service industries, which include health and educational services, employ a large part of the State
and local government workforce.
  2 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).
  3 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion.  OASDI is the acronym
for Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance.
  4 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  5 Less than .05 percent.
  6 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 4.  Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: State and
local government, by occupational and industry group, March 2002
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                        Benefit costs                         
                                                                                                                              
                                             Total     Wages                                                                  
                  Series                    compen-     and                    Supple-            Retire-   Legally    Other  
                                             sation  salaries           Paid   mental               ment    required   bene-  
                                                               Total   leave     pay   Insurance    and     benefits  fits(1) 
                                                                                                  savings                     
                                                                                                                              
                                           
                                                                      Cost per hour worked by year
                                           
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              
State and local government workers........   $31.29   $22.14    $9.15   $2.43   $0.26     $2.82     $1.74     $1.84     $0.06 
                                                                                                                              
            Occupational group                                                                                                
                                                                                                                              
  White-collar occupations................    34.78    25.21     9.57    2.53    0.15      2.98      1.87      1.96      0.07 
    Professional specialty and technical..    40.51    30.18    10.33    2.48     .16      3.14      2.23      2.22       .09 
      Professional specialty..............    41.82    31.29    10.53    2.49     .14      3.23      2.31      2.27       .09 
        Teachers..........................    44.39    33.69    10.70    2.34     .07      3.31      2.53      2.33       .11 
      Technical...........................    26.59    18.35     8.24    2.40     .43      2.21      1.41      1.75       .04 
    Executive, administrative, and                                                                                            
    managerial............................    39.42    27.57    11.85    4.03     .17      3.21      2.16      2.25       .04 
    Administrative support, including                                                                                         
    clerical..............................    20.14    13.41     6.73    1.82     .12      2.54       .96      1.25       .04 
                                                                                                                              
  Blue-collar occupations.................    24.59    16.20     8.38    2.29     .39      2.70      1.26      1.71       .04 
                                                                                                                              
  Service occupations.....................    23.50    15.31     8.19    2.20     .56      2.33      1.54      1.50       .06 
                                                                                                                              
              Industry group                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                              
  Services................................    32.80    23.92     8.88    2.23     .17      2.82      1.73      1.86       .07 
    Health services.......................    26.03    17.48     8.55    2.60     .70      2.26      1.14      1.81       .04 
      Hospitals...........................    26.73    18.02     8.70    2.68     .68      2.24      1.19      1.88       .04 
    Educational services..................    34.17    25.23     8.94    2.15     .10      2.90      1.84      1.87       .07 
      Elementary and secondary education..    33.29    24.73     8.55    1.89     .08      3.04      1.69      1.76       .10 
      Higher education....................    36.86    26.99     9.87    2.77     .16      2.60      2.23      2.10     (2)   
  Public administration...................    28.61    19.02     9.59    2.83     .42      2.76      1.78      1.75       .06 
                                           
                                                                      Percent of total compensation
                                           
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              
State and local government workers........   100.0      70.8    29.2     7.8      0.8      9.0       5.6       5.9       0.2  
                                                                                                                              
            Occupational group                                                                                                
                                                                                                                              
  White-collar occupations................   100.0      72.5    27.5     7.3      0.4      8.6       5.4       5.6       0.2  
    Professional specialty and technical..   100.0      74.5    25.5     6.1       .4      7.8       5.5       5.5        .2  
      Professional specialty..............   100.0      74.8    25.2     6.0       .3      7.7       5.5       5.4        .2  
        Teachers..........................   100.0      75.9    24.1     5.3       .2      7.5       5.7       5.2        .2  
      Technical...........................   100.0      69.0    31.0     9.0      1.6      8.3       5.3       6.6        .2  
    Executive, administrative, and                                                                                            
    managerial............................   100.0      69.9    30.1    10.2       .4      8.1       5.5       5.7        .1  
    Administrative support, including                                                                                         
    clerical..............................   100.0      66.6    33.4     9.0       .6     12.6       4.8       6.2        .2  
                                                                                                                              
  Blue-collar occupations.................   100.0      65.9    34.1     9.3      1.6     11.0       5.1       7.0        .2  
                                                                                                                              
  Service occupations.....................   100.0      65.1    34.9     9.4      2.4      9.9       6.6       6.4        .3  
                                                                                                                              
              Industry group                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                              
  Services................................   100.0      72.9    27.1     6.8       .5      8.6       5.3       5.7        .2  
    Health services.......................   100.0      67.2    32.8    10.0      2.7      8.7       4.4       7.0        .2  
      Hospitals...........................   100.0      67.4    32.5    10.0      2.5      8.4       4.5       7.0        .1  
    Educational services..................   100.0      73.8    26.2     6.3       .3      8.5       5.4       5.5        .2  
      Elementary and secondary education..   100.0      74.3    25.7     5.7       .2      9.1       5.1       5.3        .3  
      Higher education....................   100.0      73.2    26.8     7.5       .4      7.1       6.0       5.7      (3)   
  Public administration...................   100.0      66.5    33.5     9.9      1.5      9.6       6.2       6.1        .2  

  1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
  2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  3 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 5.  Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry
workers, by major industry group, March 2002
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
                                              All workers          Goods            Service        Manufacturing    Nonmanufacturing
               Compensation                                     producing(1)      producing(2)                                      
                component                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
                                             Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
Total compensation........................  $21.71    100.0   $25.44    100.0   $20.66    100.0   $25.20    100.0   $21.06    100.0 
                                                                                                                                    
  Wages and salaries......................   15.80     72.8    17.47     68.7    15.33     74.2    17.19     68.2    15.55     73.8 
                                                                                                                                    
  Total benefits..........................    5.90     27.2     7.96     31.3     5.33     25.8     8.01     31.8     5.51     26.2 
                                                                                                                                    
    Paid leave............................    1.44      6.6     1.66      6.5     1.37      6.6     1.91      7.6     1.35      6.4 
      Vacation............................     .72      3.3      .86      3.4      .68      3.3      .97      3.8      .67      3.2 
      Holiday.............................     .49      2.3      .60      2.4      .46      2.2      .70      2.8      .45      2.1 
      Sick................................     .17       .8      .12       .5      .18       .9      .14       .6      .17       .8 
      Other...............................     .06       .3      .08       .3      .06       .3      .10       .4      .05       .2 
                                                                                                                                    
    Supplemental pay......................     .62      2.9     1.11      4.4      .48      2.3     1.13      4.5      .52      2.5 
      Premium(3)..........................     .24      1.1      .54      2.1      .16       .8      .56      2.2      .18       .9 
      Shift differentials.................     .06       .3      .08       .3      .05       .2      .11       .4      .05       .2 
      Nonproduction bonuses...............     .32      1.5      .49      1.9      .27      1.3      .46      1.8      .29      1.4 
                                                                                                                                    
    Insurance.............................    1.40      6.4     2.01      7.9     1.22      5.9     2.11      8.4     1.27      6.0 
      Life................................     .04       .2      .06       .2      .04       .2      .06       .2      .04       .2 
      Health..............................    1.29      5.9     1.84      7.2     1.13      5.5     1.92      7.6     1.17      5.6 
      Short-term disability...............     .04       .2      .08       .3      .03       .1      .08       .3      .03       .1 
      Long-term disability................     .03       .1      .03       .1      .03       .1      .04       .2      .03       .1 
                                                                                                                                    
    Retirement and savings................     .63      2.9      .88      3.5      .56      2.7      .74      2.9      .61      2.9 
      Defined benefit.....................     .23      1.1      .42      1.7      .17       .8      .30      1.2      .21      1.0 
      Defined contribution................     .40      1.8      .46      1.8      .39      1.9      .44      1.7      .40      1.9 
                                                                                                                                    
    Legally required benefits.............    1.80      8.3     2.25      8.8     1.67      8.1     2.05      8.1     1.75      8.3 
      Social Security(4)..................    1.32      6.1     1.49      5.9     1.27      6.1     1.48      5.9     1.29      6.1 
        OASDI.............................    1.06      4.9     1.20      4.7     1.02      4.9     1.19      4.7     1.03      4.9 
        Medicare..........................     .26      1.2      .29      1.1      .25      1.2      .29      1.2      .25      1.2 
      Federal unemployment insurance......     .03       .1      .03       .1      .03       .1      .03       .1      .03       .1 
      State unemployment insurance........     .10       .5      .12       .5      .09       .4      .11       .4      .09       .4 
      Workers' compensation...............     .35      1.6      .61      2.4      .28      1.4      .43      1.7      .34      1.6 
                                                                                                                                    
    Other benefits(5).....................     .03       .1      .05       .2      .02       .1      .07       .3      .02       .1 

  1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
  2 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and service industries.
  3 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).
  4 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion.  OASDI is the acronym for
Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance.
  5 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 6.  Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private
industry workers, by major occupational group, March 2002
                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                          
                                               All workers         White collar        Blue collar           Service      
               Compensation                                                                                               
                component                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                          
                                              Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent 
                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                          
Total compensation........................   $21.71    100.0     $26.43    100.0     $20.15    100.0     $10.95    100.0  
                                                                                                                          
  Wages and salaries......................    15.80     72.8      19.48     73.7      14.01     69.5       8.42     76.9  
                                                                                                                          
  Total benefits..........................     5.90     27.2       6.95     26.3       6.14     30.5       2.53     23.1  
                                                                                                                          
    Paid leave............................     1.44      6.6       1.97      7.5       1.13      5.6        .46      4.2  
      Vacation............................      .72      3.3        .98      3.7        .58      2.9        .22      2.0  
      Holiday.............................      .49      2.3        .66      2.5        .41      2.0        .15      1.4  
      Sick................................      .17       .8        .24       .9        .10       .5        .07       .6  
      Other...............................      .06       .3        .08       .3        .05       .2        .02       .2  
                                                                                                                          
    Supplemental pay......................      .62      2.9        .69      2.6        .74      3.7        .19      1.7  
      Premium(1)..........................      .24      1.1        .13       .5        .51      2.5        .09       .8  
      Shift differentials.................      .06       .3        .06       .2        .07       .3        .04       .4  
      Nonproduction bonuses...............      .32      1.5        .50      1.9        .16       .8        .06       .5  
                                                                                                                          
    Insurance.............................     1.40      6.4       1.57      5.9       1.59      7.9        .59      5.4  
      Life................................      .04       .2        .05       .2        .04       .2      (2)       (3)   
      Health..............................     1.29      5.9       1.42      5.4       1.48      7.3        .56      5.1  
      Short-term disability...............      .04       .2        .05       .2        .05       .2      (2)       (3)   
      Long-term disability................      .03       .1        .04       .2        .02       .1      (2)       (3)   
                                                                                                                          
    Retirement and savings................      .63      2.9        .76      2.9        .69      3.4        .16      1.5  
      Defined benefit.....................      .23      1.1        .19       .7        .39      1.9        .06       .5  
      Defined contribution................      .40      1.8        .57      2.2        .30      1.5        .10       .9  
                                                                                                                          
    Legally required benefits.............     1.80      8.3       1.93      7.3       1.96      9.7       1.13     10.3  
      Social Security(4)..................     1.32      6.1       1.58      6.0       1.20      6.0        .76      6.9  
        OASDI.............................     1.06      4.9       1.26      4.8        .97      4.8        .62      5.7  
        Medicare..........................      .26      1.2        .32      1.2        .23      1.1        .14      1.3  
      Federal unemployment insurance......      .03       .1        .03       .1        .03       .1        .04       .4  
      State unemployment insurance........      .10       .5        .09       .3        .11       .5        .08       .7  
      Workers' compensation...............      .35      1.6        .22       .8        .63      3.1        .25      2.3  
                                                                                                                          
    Other benefits(5).....................      .03       .1        .03       .1        .03       .1      (2)       (3)   

  1 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).
  2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  3 Less than .05 percent.
  4 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion.  OASDI is the
acronym for Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance.
  5 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 7.  Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry workers, by
region and bargaining status, March 2002
                                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                                
                                                                    Region(1)                                         Bargaining status         
                                                                                                                                                
            Compensation                                                                                                                        
             component                   Northeast           South            Midwest             West             Union            Nonunion    
                                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                                
                                       Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent
                                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                                
Total compensation..................  $25.00    100.0   $19.49    100.0   $21.25    100.0   $22.68    100.0   $29.42    100.0   $20.79    100.0 
                                                                                                                                                
  Wages and salaries................   17.97     71.9    14.34     73.6    15.29     72.0    16.68     73.5    19.33     65.7    15.38     74.0 
                                                                                                                                                
  Total benefits....................    7.04     28.2     5.14     26.4     5.96     28.0     5.99     26.4    10.09     34.3     5.41     26.0 
                                                                                                                                                
    Paid leave......................    1.83      7.3     1.24      6.4     1.35      6.4     1.48      6.5     2.08      7.1     1.36      6.5 
      Vacation......................     .92      3.7      .62      3.2      .68      3.2      .74      3.3     1.08      3.7      .68      3.3 
      Holiday.......................     .62      2.5      .42      2.2      .47      2.2      .51      2.2      .68      2.3      .47      2.3 
      Sick..........................     .22       .9      .14       .7      .14       .7      .19       .8      .23       .8      .16       .8 
      Other.........................     .08       .3      .05       .3      .07       .3      .05       .2      .10       .3      .06       .3 
                                                                                                                                                
    Supplemental pay................     .77      3.1      .50      2.6      .73      3.4      .52      2.3     1.08      3.7      .56      2.7 
      Premium(2)....................     .22       .9      .22      1.1      .30      1.4      .23      1.0      .66      2.2      .19       .9 
      Shift differentials...........     .06       .2      .04       .2      .08       .4      .05       .2      .16       .5      .04       .2 
      Nonproduction bonuses.........     .49      2.0      .24      1.2      .35      1.6      .24      1.1      .26       .9      .33      1.6 
                                                                                                                                                
    Insurance.......................    1.62      6.5     1.25      6.4     1.47      6.9     1.35      6.0     2.76      9.4     1.23      5.9 
      Life..........................     .05       .2      .04       .2      .04       .2      .04       .2      .07       .2      .04       .2 
      Health........................    1.48      5.9     1.14      5.8     1.35      6.4     1.26      5.6     2.57      8.7     1.13      5.4 
      Short-term disability.........     .06       .2      .04       .2      .05       .2      .03       .1      .08       .3      .04       .2 
      Long-term disability..........     .03       .1      .03       .2      .03       .1      .03       .1      .05       .2      .03       .1 
                                                                                                                                                
    Retirement and savings..........     .80      3.2      .52      2.7      .63      3.0      .65      2.9     1.64      5.6      .51      2.5 
      Defined benefit...............     .27      1.1      .17       .9      .28      1.3      .22      1.0     1.16      3.9      .12       .6 
      Defined contribution..........     .53      2.1      .35      1.8      .35      1.6      .43      1.9      .48      1.6      .39      1.9 
                                                                                                                                                
    Legally required benefits.......    1.98      7.9     1.61      8.3     1.75      8.2     1.97      8.7     2.46      8.4     1.72      8.3 
      Social Security(3)............    1.47      5.9     1.20      6.2     1.29      6.1     1.39      6.1     1.65      5.6     1.28      6.2 
        OASDI.......................    1.17      4.7      .97      5.0     1.04      4.9     1.12      4.9     1.33      4.5     1.03      5.0 
        Medicare....................     .30      1.2      .23      1.2      .25      1.2      .27      1.2      .32      1.1      .25      1.2 
      Federal unemployment insurance     .03       .1      .03       .2      .03       .1      .03       .1      .03       .1      .03       .1 
      State unemployment insurance..     .14       .6      .06       .3      .09       .4      .12       .5      .13       .4      .09       .4 
      Workers' compensation.........     .34      1.4      .31      1.6      .34      1.6      .43      1.9      .65      2.2      .32      1.5 
                                                                                                                                                
    Other benefits(4)...............     .04       .2      .02       .1      .03       .1      .02       .1      .07       .2      .02       .1 

  1 The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode
Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi,
North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan,
Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; and West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho,
Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
  2 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).
  3 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion.  OASDI is the acronym for Old-Age,
Survivors, and Disability Insurance.
  4 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 8.  Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry
workers, by establishment employment size, March 2002
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
                                              All workers       1-99 workers     100 workers or   100-499 workers    500 workers or 
               Compensation                                                           more                                more      
                component                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                    
                                             Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
Total compensation........................  $21.71    100.0   $18.51    100.0   $25.48    100.0   $21.99    100.0   $29.79    100.0 
                                                                                                                                    
  Wages and salaries......................   15.80     72.8    13.88     75.0    18.07     70.9    15.87     72.2    20.79     69.8 
                                                                                                                                    
  Total benefits..........................    5.90     27.2     4.63     25.0     7.41     29.1     6.12     27.8     9.00     30.2 
                                                                                                                                    
    Paid leave............................    1.44      6.6     1.05      5.7     1.89      7.4     1.47      6.7     2.42      8.1 
      Vacation............................     .72      3.3      .52      2.8      .95      3.7      .73      3.3     1.21      4.1 
      Holiday.............................     .49      2.3      .37      2.0      .64      2.5      .50      2.3      .81      2.7 
      Sick................................     .17       .8      .13       .7      .22       .9      .16       .7      .28       .9 
      Other...............................     .06       .3      .04       .2      .09       .4      .07       .3      .12       .4 
                                                                                                                                    
    Supplemental pay......................     .62      2.9      .47      2.5      .79      3.1      .68      3.1      .93      3.1 
      Premium(1)..........................     .24      1.1      .18      1.0      .31      1.2      .27      1.2      .35      1.2 
      Shift differentials.................     .06       .3     (2)      (3)       .11       .4      .07       .3      .16       .5 
      Nonproduction bonuses...............     .32      1.5      .27      1.5      .37      1.5      .33      1.5      .42      1.4 
                                                                                                                                    
    Insurance.............................    1.40      6.4     1.03      5.6     1.83      7.2     1.52      6.9     2.20      7.4 
      Life................................     .04       .2      .03       .2      .06       .2      .04       .2      .07       .2 
      Health..............................    1.29      5.9      .96      5.2     1.67      6.6     1.40      6.4     1.99      6.7 
      Short-term disability...............     .04       .2      .02       .1      .06       .2      .04       .2      .08       .3 
      Long-term disability................     .03       .1      .02       .1      .04       .2      .03       .1      .06       .2 
                                                                                                                                    
    Retirement and savings................     .63      2.9      .42      2.3      .88      3.5      .63      2.9     1.18      4.0 
      Defined benefit.....................     .23      1.1      .12       .6      .35      1.4      .24      1.1      .49      1.6 
      Defined contribution................     .40      1.8      .30      1.6      .53      2.1      .39      1.8      .70      2.3 
                                                                                                                                    
    Legally required benefits.............    1.80      8.3     1.64      8.9     1.98      7.8     1.80      8.2     2.19      7.4 
      Social Security(4)..................    1.32      6.1     1.15      6.2     1.51      5.9     1.32      6.0     1.75      5.9 
        OASDI.............................    1.06      4.9      .92      5.0     1.21      4.7     1.06      4.8     1.40      4.7 
        Medicare..........................     .26      1.2      .23      1.2      .30      1.2      .26      1.2      .35      1.2 
      Federal unemployment insurance......     .03       .1      .03       .2      .03       .1      .03       .1      .03       .1 
      State unemployment insurance........     .10       .5      .09       .5      .10       .4      .11       .5      .09       .3 
      Workers' compensation...............     .35      1.6      .36      1.9      .33      1.3      .34      1.5      .33      1.1 
                                                                                                                                    
    Other benefits(5).....................     .03       .1     (2)      (3)       .05       .2      .02       .1      .08       .3 

  1 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays).
  2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  3 Less than .05 percent.
  4 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion.  OASDI is the acronym for
Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance.
  5 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 9.  Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry
workers, by major occupational and industry group, and full-time and part-time status, March 2002
                                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                     
                                                                                               Benefit costs                         
                                                                                                                                     
                                                    Total     Wages                                                                  
                     Series                        compen-     and                    Supple-            Retire-   Legally    Other  
                                                    sation  salaries           Paid   mental               ment    required   bene-  
                                                                      Total   leave     pay   Insurance    and     benefits  fits(1) 
                                                                                                         savings                     
                                                                                                                                     
                                                  
                                                                             Cost per hour worked by year
                                                  
                                                                                                                                     
All full-time workers in private industry........   $24.57   $17.61    $6.96   $1.75   $0.75     $1.69     $0.77     $1.96     $0.03 
  White-collar occupations.......................    29.50    21.47     8.03    2.34    0.81      1.85      0.91      2.08      0.04 
    Sales........................................    21.54    16.53     5.01    1.20     .47      1.24       .41      1.67       .02 
    Administrative support, including clerical...    19.20    13.70     5.50    1.39     .43      1.65       .56      1.43       .03 
  Blue-collar occupations........................    21.27    14.68     6.59    1.23     .81      1.73       .75      2.04       .03 
  Service occupations............................    13.08     9.61     3.47     .73     .28       .95       .27      1.24     (2)   
                                                                                                                                     
  Goods-producing industries(3)..................    25.77    17.66     8.11    1.70    1.13      2.06       .89      2.27       .05 
    Construction.................................    25.57    17.95     7.63     .89    1.07      1.64      1.26      2.75     (2)   
    Manufacturing................................    25.57    17.40     8.17    1.95    1.16      2.16       .75      2.07       .07 
  Service-producing industries(4)................    24.11    17.59     6.52    1.77     .60      1.55       .73      1.85       .02 
    Transportation and public utilities..........    31.53    21.54     9.99    2.38    1.21      2.40      1.50      2.45       .05 
    Wholesale trade..............................    24.26    17.39     6.87    1.58     .79      1.82       .65      1.98       .04 
    Retail trade.................................    15.13    11.74     3.39     .76     .23       .83       .21      1.35     (2)   
    Finance, insurance, and real estate..........    30.14    21.25     8.89    2.29    1.33      2.02      1.17      2.01       .07 
    Services.....................................    24.71    18.29     6.43    1.96     .41      1.51       .69      1.85     (2)   
                                                                                                                                     
All part-time workers in private industry........    12.14     9.76     2.38     .40     .18       .40       .15      1.24     (2)   
  White-collar occupations.......................    15.06    12.09     2.96     .60     .24       .53       .21      1.38     (2)   
    Sales........................................     9.14     7.53     1.60     .23     .09       .21       .10       .98     (2)   
    Administrative support, including clerical...    13.48    10.72     2.76     .57     .19       .61       .20      1.18     (2)   
  Blue-collar occupations........................    11.71     8.99     2.72     .36     .21       .53       .24      1.38     (2)   
  Service occupations............................     8.56     7.08     1.47     .16     .09       .18       .04      1.00     (2)   
                                                                                                                                     
  Goods-producing industries(3)..................    13.61    10.79     2.82     .40     .16       .32       .32      1.63     (2)   
  Service-producing industries(4)................    12.10     9.73     2.36     .40     .18       .40       .15      1.23     (2)   
    Retail trade.................................     8.43     6.95     1.47     .16     .08       .20       .07       .96     (2)   
    Service industries...........................    15.48    12.50     2.98     .60     .26       .49       .17      1.45     (2)   
                                                  
                                                                             Percent of total compensation
                                                  
                                                                                                                                     
All full-time workers in private industry........   100.0      71.7    28.3     7.1      3.1      6.9       3.1       8.0       0.1  
  White-collar occupations.......................   100.0      72.8    27.2     7.9      2.7      6.3       3.1       7.1       0.1  
    Sales........................................   100.0      76.7    23.3     5.6      2.2      5.8       1.9       7.8        .1  
    Administrative support, including clerical...   100.0      71.4    28.6     7.2      2.2      8.6       2.9       7.4        .2  
  Blue-collar occupations........................   100.0      69.0    31.0     5.8      3.8      8.1       3.5       9.6        .1  
  Service occupations............................   100.0      73.5    26.5     5.6      2.1      7.3       2.1       9.5      (5)   
                                                                                                                                     
  Goods-producing industries(3)..................   100.0      68.5    31.5     6.6      4.4      8.0       3.5       8.8        .2  
    Construction.................................   100.0      70.2    29.8     3.5      4.2      6.4       4.9      10.8      (5)   
    Manufacturing................................   100.0      68.0    32.0     7.6      4.5      8.4       2.9       8.1        .3  
  Service-producing industries(4)................   100.0      73.0    27.0     7.3      2.5      6.4       3.0       7.7        .1  
    Transportation and public utilities..........   100.0      68.3    31.7     7.5      3.8      7.6       4.8       7.8        .2  
    Wholesale trade..............................   100.0      71.7    28.3     6.5      3.3      7.5       2.7       8.2        .2  
    Retail trade.................................   100.0      77.6    22.4     5.0      1.5      5.5       1.4       8.9      (5)   
    Finance, insurance, and real estate..........   100.0      70.5    29.5     7.6      4.4      6.7       3.9       6.7        .2  
    Services.....................................   100.0      74.0    26.0     7.9      1.7      6.1       2.8       7.5      (5)   
                                                                                                                                     
All part-time workers in private industry........   100.0      80.4    19.6     3.3      1.5      3.3       1.2      10.2      (5)   
  White-collar occupations.......................   100.0      80.3    19.7     4.0      1.6      3.5       1.4       9.2      (5)   
    Sales........................................   100.0      82.4    17.5     2.5      1.0      2.3       1.1      10.7      (5)   
    Administrative support, including clerical...   100.0      79.5    20.5     4.2      1.4      4.5       1.5       8.8      (5)   
  Blue-collar occupations........................   100.0      76.8    23.2     3.1      1.8      4.5       2.0      11.8      (5)   
  Service occupations............................   100.0      82.7    17.2     1.9      1.1      2.1        .5      11.7      (5)   
                                                                                                                                     
  Goods-producing industries(3)..................   100.0      79.3    20.7     2.9      1.2      2.4       2.4      12.0      (5)   
  Service-producing industries(4)................   100.0      80.4    19.5     3.3      1.5      3.3       1.2      10.2      (5)   
    Retail trade.................................   100.0      82.4    17.4     1.9       .9      2.4        .8      11.4      (5)   
    Service industries...........................   100.0      80.7    19.3     3.9      1.7      3.2       1.1       9.4      (5)   

  1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
  2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
  4 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and service industries.
  5 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 10.  Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry
workers, by occupational and industry group, March 2002
                                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                     
                                                                                               Benefit costs                         
                                                                                                                                     
                                                    Total     Wages                                                                  
                     Series                        compen-     and                    Supple-            Retire-   Legally    Other  
                                                    sation  salaries           Paid   mental               ment    required   bene-  
                                                                      Total   leave     pay   Insurance    and     benefits  fits(1) 
                                                                                                         savings                     
                                                                                                                                     
                                                  
                                                                             Cost per hour worked by year
                                                  
                                                                                                                                     
All workers in private industry..................   $21.71   $15.80    $5.90   $1.44   $0.62     $1.40     $0.63     $1.80     $0.03 
                                                                                                                                     
               Occupational group                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                     
  White-collar occupations.......................    26.43    19.48     6.95    1.97    0.69      1.57      0.76      1.93      0.03 
    Professional specialty and technical.........    35.81    26.43     9.38    2.93     .76      1.97      1.12      2.56       .04 
      Professional specialty.....................    38.87    28.86    10.01    3.27     .78      1.97      1.20      2.73       .05 
      Technical..................................    28.76    20.83     7.93    2.15     .70      1.95       .94      2.16       .02 
    Executive, administrative, and managerial....    42.80    30.90    11.91    3.57    1.79      2.22      1.43      2.83       .07 
    Sales........................................    16.38    12.79     3.59     .80     .31       .81       .28      1.38     (2)   
    Administrative support, including clerical...    18.09    13.12     4.97    1.23     .39      1.45       .49      1.38       .02 
                                                                                                                                     
  Blue-collar occupations........................    20.15    14.01     6.14    1.13     .74      1.59       .69      1.96       .03 
    Precision production, craft, and repair......    25.83    18.05     7.78    1.53     .88      1.88      1.03      2.44       .03 
    Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors    18.53    12.40     6.13    1.20     .95      1.73       .51      1.70       .04 
    Transportation and material moving...........    20.01    13.87     6.14    1.00     .66      1.61       .74      2.10       .03 
    Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and                                                                                       
    laborers.....................................    14.36    10.33     4.03     .63     .43      1.09       .37      1.50     (2)   
                                                                                                                                     
  Service occupations............................    10.95     8.42     2.53     .46     .19       .59       .16      1.13     (2)   
                                                                                                                                     
                 Industry group                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                     
  Goods-producing industries(3)..................    25.44    17.47     7.96    1.66    1.11      2.01       .88      2.25       .05 
    Construction.................................    25.35    17.83     7.52     .88    1.05      1.61      1.23      2.74     (2)   
    Manufacturing................................    25.20    17.19     8.01    1.91    1.13      2.11       .74      2.05       .07 
      Durables...................................    26.40    17.85     8.55    2.04    1.23      2.25       .78      2.15       .10 
      Nondurables................................    23.44    16.21     7.23    1.72     .99      1.89       .68      1.90       .03 
  Service-producing industries(4)................    20.66    15.33     5.33    1.37     .48      1.22       .56      1.67       .02 
    Transportation and public utilities..........    29.65    20.29     9.37    2.17    1.08      2.29      1.39      2.39       .04 
    Wholesale trade..............................    23.36    16.79     6.58    1.49     .77      1.72       .62      1.94       .04 
    Retail trade.................................    11.79     9.35     2.44     .46     .16       .52       .14      1.16     (2)   
    Finance, insurance, and real estate..........    28.24    20.02     8.21    2.09    1.20      1.86      1.07      1.92       .07 
    Services.....................................    22.33    16.79     5.54    1.61     .37      1.24       .55      1.75     (2)   
                                                  
                                                                             Percent of total compensation
                                                  
                                                                                                                                     
All workers in private industry..................   100.0      72.8    27.2     6.6      2.9      6.4       2.9       8.3       0.1  
                                                                                                                                     
               Occupational group                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                     
  White-collar occupations.......................   100.0      73.7    26.3     7.5      2.6      5.9       2.9       7.3       0.1  
    Professional specialty and technical.........   100.0      73.8    26.2     8.2      2.1      5.5       3.1       7.1        .1  
      Professional specialty.....................   100.0      74.2    25.8     8.4      2.0      5.1       3.1       7.0        .1  
      Technical..................................   100.0      72.4    27.6     7.5      2.4      6.8       3.3       7.5        .1  
    Executive, administrative, and managerial....   100.0      72.2    27.8     8.3      4.2      5.2       3.3       6.6        .2  
    Sales........................................   100.0      78.1    21.9     4.9      1.9      4.9       1.7       8.4      (5)   
    Administrative support, including clerical...   100.0      72.5    27.5     6.8      2.2      8.0       2.7       7.6        .1  
                                                                                                                                     
  Blue-collar occupations........................   100.0      69.5    30.5     5.6      3.7      7.9       3.4       9.7        .1  
    Precision production, craft, and repair......   100.0      69.9    30.1     5.9      3.4      7.3       4.0       9.4        .1  
    Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors   100.0      66.9    33.1     6.5      5.1      9.3       2.8       9.2        .2  
    Transportation and material moving...........   100.0      69.3    30.7     5.0      3.3      8.0       3.7      10.5        .1  
    Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and                                                                                       
    laborers.....................................   100.0      71.9    28.1     4.4      3.0      7.6       2.6      10.4      (5)   
                                                                                                                                     
  Service occupations............................   100.0      76.9    23.1     4.2      1.7      5.4       1.5      10.3      (5)   
                                                                                                                                     
                 Industry group                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                     
  Goods-producing industries(3)..................   100.0      68.7    31.3     6.5      4.4      7.9       3.5       8.8        .2  
    Construction.................................   100.0      70.3    29.7     3.5      4.1      6.4       4.9      10.8      (5)   
    Manufacturing................................   100.0      68.2    31.8     7.6      4.5      8.4       2.9       8.1        .3  
      Durables...................................   100.0      67.6    32.4     7.7      4.7      8.5       3.0       8.1        .4  
      Nondurables................................   100.0      69.2    30.8     7.3      4.2      8.1       2.9       8.1        .1  
  Service-producing industries(4)................   100.0      74.2    25.8     6.6      2.3      5.9       2.7       8.1        .1  
    Transportation and public utilities..........   100.0      68.4    31.6     7.3      3.6      7.7       4.7       8.1        .1  
    Wholesale trade..............................   100.0      71.9    28.2     6.4      3.3      7.4       2.7       8.3        .2  
    Retail trade.................................   100.0      79.3    20.7     3.9      1.4      4.4       1.2       9.8      (5)   
    Finance, insurance, and real estate..........   100.0      70.9    29.1     7.4      4.2      6.6       3.8       6.8        .2  
    Services.....................................   100.0      75.2    24.8     7.2      1.7      5.6       2.5       7.8      (5)   

  1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
  2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
  4 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and service industries.
  5 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 11.  Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry
goods-producing and service-producing workers, by occupational group, March 2002
                                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                     
                                                                                               Benefit costs                         
                                                                                                                                     
                                                    Total     Wages                                                                  
                     Series                        compen-     and                    Supple-            Retire-   Legally    Other  
                                                    sation  salaries           Paid   mental               ment    required   bene-  
                                                                      Total   leave     pay   Insurance    and     benefits  fits(1) 
                                                                                                         savings                     
                                                                                                                                     
                                                  
                                                                             Cost per hour worked by year
                                                  
                                                                                                                                     
All workers, goods-producing industries(2).......   $25.44   $17.47    $7.96   $1.66   $1.11     $2.01     $0.88     $2.25     $0.05 
  White-collar occupations.......................    34.48    24.22    10.26    2.80    1.50      2.38      1.04      2.45      0.09 
    Professional specialty and technical.........    38.06    26.69    11.37    3.46    1.07      2.78      1.19      2.70       .17 
      Professional specialty.....................    43.15    30.51    12.64    4.08    1.03      2.85      1.42      3.00       .25 
      Technical..................................    29.76    20.45     9.32    2.46    1.12      2.67       .82      2.21       .03 
    Executive, administrative, and managerial....    47.69    33.06    14.62    3.81    3.40      2.62      1.47      3.25       .07 
    Administrative support, including clerical...    20.77    14.44     6.33    1.53     .69      1.95       .55      1.58       .03 
                                                                                                                                     
  Blue-collar occupations........................    22.15    15.03     7.12    1.24     .95      1.88       .83      2.19       .04 
    Precision production, craft, and repair......    26.73    18.38     8.35    1.42     .96      2.07      1.17      2.69       .04 
    Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors    20.07    13.15     6.91    1.36    1.11      1.97       .61      1.81       .05 
    Transportation and material moving...........    23.67    15.76     7.91    1.22    1.11      2.10       .96      2.48       .04 
    Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and                                                                                       
    laborers.....................................    15.91    11.27     4.64     .65     .57      1.22       .46      1.73     (3)   
                                                                                                                                     
  Service occupations............................    19.03    12.34     6.69    1.15    1.80      1.68       .41      1.59       .06 
                                                                                                                                     
All workers, service-producing industries(4).....    20.66    15.33     5.33    1.37     .48      1.22       .56      1.67       .02 
  White-collar occupations.......................    25.37    18.86     6.52    1.86     .59      1.46       .73      1.86       .02 
    Professional specialty and technical.........    35.42    26.38     9.03    2.84     .70      1.82      1.11      2.54       .02 
      Professional specialty.....................    38.22    28.61     9.61    3.15     .74      1.84      1.16      2.69       .02 
      Technical..................................    28.53    20.92     7.61    2.08     .60      1.79       .97      2.15     (3)   
    Executive, administrative, and managerial....    41.70    30.41    11.29    3.51    1.42      2.13      1.42      2.74       .07 
    Sales........................................    15.80    12.33     3.47     .77     .31       .79       .25      1.35     (3)   
    Administrative support, including clerical...    17.74    12.95     4.79    1.20     .35      1.39       .48      1.36       .02 
                                                                                                                                     
  Blue-collar occupations........................    18.05    12.94     5.11    1.01     .52      1.29       .54      1.73       .02 
    Precision production, craft, and repair......    24.49    17.55     6.94    1.69     .76      1.60       .81      2.07       .02 
    Transportation and material moving...........    19.05    13.37     5.67     .95     .54      1.48       .68      2.00       .03 
    Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and                                                                                       
    laborers.....................................    13.47     9.79     3.68     .62     .35      1.01       .32      1.36     (3)   
                                                                                                                                     
  Service occupations............................    10.83     8.36     2.47     .45     .17       .57       .16      1.12     (3)   
                                                  
                                                                             Percent of total compensation
                                                  
                                                                                                                                     
All workers, goods-producing industries(2).......   100.0      68.7    31.3     6.5      4.4      7.9       3.5       8.8       0.2  
  White-collar occupations.......................   100.0      70.2    29.8     8.1      4.4      6.9       3.0       7.1       0.3  
    Professional specialty and technical.........   100.0      70.1    29.9     9.1      2.8      7.3       3.1       7.1        .4  
      Professional specialty.....................   100.0      70.7    29.3     9.5      2.4      6.6       3.3       7.0        .6  
      Technical..................................   100.0      68.7    31.3     8.3      3.8      9.0       2.8       7.4        .1  
    Executive, administrative, and managerial....   100.0      69.3    30.7     8.0      7.1      5.5       3.1       6.8        .1  
    Administrative support, including clerical...   100.0      69.5    30.5     7.4      3.3      9.4       2.6       7.6        .1  
                                                                                                                                     
  Blue-collar occupations........................   100.0      67.9    32.1     5.6      4.3      8.5       3.7       9.9        .2  
    Precision production, craft, and repair......   100.0      68.8    31.2     5.3      3.6      7.7       4.4      10.1        .1  
    Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors   100.0      65.5    34.4     6.8      5.5      9.8       3.0       9.0        .2  
    Transportation and material moving...........   100.0      66.6    33.4     5.2      4.7      8.9       4.1      10.5        .2  
    Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and                                                                                       
    laborers.....................................   100.0      70.8    29.2     4.1      3.6      7.7       2.9      10.9      (5)   
                                                                                                                                     
  Service occupations............................   100.0      64.8    35.2     6.0      9.5      8.8       2.2       8.4        .3  
                                                                                                                                     
All workers, service-producing industries(4).....   100.0      74.2    25.8     6.6      2.3      5.9       2.7       8.1        .1  
  White-collar occupations.......................   100.0      74.3    25.7     7.3      2.3      5.8       2.9       7.3        .1  
    Professional specialty and technical.........   100.0      74.5    25.5     8.0      2.0      5.1       3.1       7.2        .1  
      Professional specialty.....................   100.0      74.9    25.1     8.2      1.9      4.8       3.0       7.0        .1  
      Technical..................................   100.0      73.3    26.7     7.3      2.1      6.3       3.4       7.5      (5)   
    Executive, administrative, and managerial....   100.0      72.9    27.1     8.4      3.4      5.1       3.4       6.6        .2  
    Sales........................................   100.0      78.0    22.0     4.9      2.0      5.0       1.6       8.5      (5)   
    Administrative support, including clerical...   100.0      73.0    27.0     6.8      2.0      7.8       2.7       7.7        .1  
                                                                                                                                     
  Blue-collar occupations........................   100.0      71.7    28.3     5.6      2.9      7.1       3.0       9.6        .1  
    Precision production, craft, and repair......   100.0      71.7    28.3     6.9      3.1      6.5       3.3       8.5        .1  
    Transportation and material moving...........   100.0      70.2    29.8     5.0      2.8      7.8       3.6      10.5        .2  
    Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and                                                                                       
    laborers.....................................   100.0      72.7    27.3     4.6      2.6      7.5       2.4      10.1      (5)   
                                                                                                                                     
  Service occupations............................   100.0      77.2    22.8     4.2      1.6      5.3       1.5      10.3      (5)   

  1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
  2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
  3 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  4 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and service industries.
  5 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 12.  Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry
manufacturing and nonmanufacturing workers, by occupational group, March 2002
                                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                     
                                                                                               Benefit costs                         
                                                                                                                                     
                                                    Total     Wages                                                                  
                     Series                        compen-     and                    Supple-            Retire-   Legally    Other  
                                                    sation  salaries           Paid   mental               ment    required   bene-  
                                                                      Total   leave     pay   Insurance    and     benefits  fits(1) 
                                                                                                         savings                     
                                                                                                                                     
                                                  
                                                                             Cost per hour worked by year
                                                  
                                                                                                                                     
All workers, manufacturing industries............   $25.20   $17.19    $8.01   $1.91   $1.13     $2.11     $0.74     $2.05     $0.07 
  White-collar occupations.......................    34.84    24.57    10.26    2.98    1.28      2.46      1.01      2.42      0.11 
    Professional specialty and technical.........    38.39    26.88    11.51    3.56    1.07      2.78      1.20      2.71       .18 
      Professional specialty.....................    42.71    30.23    12.48    4.08     .99      2.80      1.37      2.98       .26 
      Technical..................................    30.52    20.78     9.73    2.63    1.22      2.74       .90      2.21       .04 
    Executive, administrative, and managerial....    49.38    35.03    14.35    4.33    2.69      2.74      1.35      3.15       .09 
    Administrative support, including clerical...    20.97    14.41     6.55    1.61     .73      2.05       .55      1.59       .03 
                                                                                                                                     
  Blue-collar occupations........................    20.97    13.96     7.01    1.44    1.05      1.95       .62      1.90       .05 
    Precision production, craft, and repair......    26.15    17.53     8.62    1.97    1.23      2.24       .81      2.31       .06 
    Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors    20.01    13.10     6.91    1.37    1.11      1.98       .61      1.79       .05 
    Transportation and material moving...........    21.45    14.43     7.03    1.33     .98      1.84       .64      2.16       .07 
    Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and                                                                                       
    laborers.....................................    15.40    10.68     4.72     .85     .60      1.42       .36      1.48     (2)   
                                                                                                                                     
  Service occupations............................    19.99    12.73     7.26    1.27    2.00      1.86       .46      1.60       .06 
                                                                                                                                     
All workers, nonmanufacturing industries.........    21.06    15.55     5.51    1.35     .52      1.27       .61      1.75       .02 
  White-collar occupations.......................    25.56    18.95     6.61    1.86     .63      1.47       .74      1.88       .02 
    Professional specialty and technical.........    35.41    26.36     9.06    2.84     .71      1.84      1.11      2.54       .02 
      Professional specialty.....................    38.33    28.66     9.67    3.16     .75      1.86      1.17      2.70       .02 
      Technical..................................    28.44    20.84     7.60    2.07     .61      1.81       .95      2.15     (2)   
    Executive, administrative, and managerial....    41.83    30.29    11.55    3.46    1.66      2.14      1.44      2.78       .07 
    Sales........................................    15.88    12.40     3.48     .77     .31       .79       .26      1.35     (2)   
    Administrative support, including clerical...    17.79    12.99     4.80    1.20     .35      1.39       .49      1.36       .02 
                                                                                                                                     
  Blue-collar occupations........................    19.71    14.04     5.68     .97     .58      1.40       .72      2.00       .02 
    Precision production, craft, and repair......    25.71    18.24     7.47    1.37     .75      1.74      1.11      2.49       .02 
    Transportation and material moving...........    19.81    13.79     6.02     .96     .61      1.57       .75      2.09       .02 
    Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and                                                                                       
    laborers.....................................    14.08    10.24     3.84     .58     .38      1.00       .37      1.51     (2)   
                                                                                                                                     
  Service occupations............................    10.83     8.36     2.47     .45     .17       .57       .16      1.12     (2)   
                                                  
                                                                             Percent of total compensation
                                                  
                                                                                                                                     
All workers, manufacturing industries............   100.0      68.2    31.8     7.6      4.5      8.4       2.9       8.1       0.3  
  White-collar occupations.......................   100.0      70.5    29.4     8.6      3.7      7.1       2.9       6.9       0.3  
    Professional specialty and technical.........   100.0      70.0    30.0     9.3      2.8      7.2       3.1       7.1        .5  
      Professional specialty.....................   100.0      70.8    29.2     9.6      2.3      6.6       3.2       7.0        .6  
      Technical..................................   100.0      68.1    31.9     8.6      4.0      9.0       2.9       7.2        .1  
    Executive, administrative, and managerial....   100.0      70.9    29.1     8.8      5.4      5.5       2.7       6.4        .2  
    Administrative support, including clerical...   100.0      68.7    31.2     7.7      3.5      9.8       2.6       7.6        .1  
                                                                                                                                     
  Blue-collar occupations........................   100.0      66.6    33.4     6.9      5.0      9.3       3.0       9.1        .2  
    Precision production, craft, and repair......   100.0      67.0    33.0     7.5      4.7      8.6       3.1       8.8        .2  
    Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors   100.0      65.5    34.5     6.8      5.5      9.9       3.0       8.9        .2  
    Transportation and material moving...........   100.0      67.3    32.8     6.2      4.6      8.6       3.0      10.1        .3  
    Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and                                                                                       
    laborers.....................................   100.0      69.4    30.6     5.5      3.9      9.2       2.3       9.6      (3)   
                                                                                                                                     
  Service occupations............................   100.0      63.7    36.3     6.4     10.0      9.3       2.3       8.0        .3  
                                                                                                                                     
All workers, nonmanufacturing industries.........   100.0      73.8    26.2     6.4      2.5      6.0       2.9       8.3        .1  
  White-collar occupations.......................   100.0      74.1    25.9     7.3      2.5      5.8       2.9       7.4        .1  
    Professional specialty and technical.........   100.0      74.4    25.6     8.0      2.0      5.2       3.1       7.2        .1  
      Professional specialty.....................   100.0      74.8    25.2     8.2      2.0      4.9       3.1       7.0        .1  
      Technical..................................   100.0      73.3    26.7     7.3      2.1      6.4       3.3       7.6      (3)   
    Executive, administrative, and managerial....   100.0      72.4    27.6     8.3      4.0      5.1       3.4       6.6        .2  
    Sales........................................   100.0      78.1    21.9     4.8      2.0      5.0       1.6       8.5      (3)   
    Administrative support, including clerical...   100.0      73.0    27.0     6.7      2.0      7.8       2.8       7.6        .1  
                                                                                                                                     
  Blue-collar occupations........................   100.0      71.2    28.8     4.9      2.9      7.1       3.7      10.1        .1  
    Precision production, craft, and repair......   100.0      70.9    29.1     5.3      2.9      6.8       4.3       9.7        .1  
    Transportation and material moving...........   100.0      69.6    30.4     4.8      3.1      7.9       3.8      10.6        .1  
    Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and                                                                                       
    laborers.....................................   100.0      72.7    27.3     4.1      2.7      7.1       2.6      10.7      (3)   
                                                                                                                                     
  Service occupations............................   100.0      77.2    22.8     4.2      1.6      5.3       1.5      10.3      (3)   

  1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
  2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  3 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 13.  Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry
workers, by bargaining status, and major industry and occupational group, March 2002
                                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                     
                                                                                               Benefit costs                         
                                                                                                                                     
                                                    Total     Wages                                                                  
                     Series                        compen-     and                    Supple-            Retire-   Legally    Other  
                                                    sation  salaries           Paid   mental               ment    required   bene-  
                                                                      Total   leave     pay   Insurance    and     benefits  fits(1) 
                                                                                                         savings                     
                                                                                                                                     
                                                  
                                                                             Cost per hour worked by year
                                                  
                                                                                                                                     
All union workers, private industry..............   $29.42   $19.33   $10.09   $2.08   $1.08     $2.76     $1.64     $2.46     $0.07 
    Blue-collar occupations......................    29.28    18.72    10.56    1.96    1.18      2.90      1.80      2.62      0.10 
                                                                                                                                     
  Goods-producing industries(2)..................    31.04    19.56    11.48    1.99    1.65      3.06      1.90      2.76       .12 
  Service-producing industries(3)................    28.25    19.16     9.09    2.15     .67      2.54      1.44      2.24       .04 
                                                                                                                                     
  Manufacturing..................................    27.94    17.81    10.13    2.28    1.57      2.77      1.02      2.33       .15 
    Blue-collar occupations......................    27.46    17.37    10.10    2.25    1.59      2.75      1.01      2.34       .15 
  Nonmanufacturing...............................    30.06    19.98    10.08    2.00     .87      2.76      1.90      2.51       .04 
                                                                                                                                     
All nonunion workers, private industry...........    20.79    15.38     5.41    1.36     .56      1.23       .51      1.72       .02 
    Blue-collar occupations......................    17.56    12.67     4.89     .89     .61      1.22       .37      1.78     (4)   
                                                                                                                                     
  Goods-producing industries(2)..................    24.00    16.94     7.06    1.58     .97      1.74       .61      2.12       .04 
  Service-producing industries(3)................    20.01    15.00     5.00    1.31     .46      1.11       .49      1.62     (4)   
                                                                                                                                     
  Manufacturing..................................    24.49    17.03     7.47    1.81    1.02      1.94       .67      1.98       .05 
    Blue-collar occupations......................    18.56    12.69     5.87    1.14     .85      1.65       .48      1.73     (4)   
  Nonmanufacturing...............................    20.19    15.12     5.07    1.29     .49      1.12       .49      1.68     (4)   
                                                  
                                                                             Percent of total compensation
                                                  
                                                                                                                                     
All union workers, private industry..............   100.0      65.7    34.3     7.1      3.7      9.4       5.6       8.4       0.2  
    Blue-collar occupations......................   100.0      63.9    36.1     6.7      4.0      9.9       6.1       8.9       0.3  
                                                                                                                                     
  Goods-producing industries(2)..................   100.0      63.0    37.0     6.4      5.3      9.9       6.1       8.9        .4  
  Service-producing industries(3)................   100.0      67.8    32.2     7.6      2.4      9.0       5.1       7.9        .1  
                                                                                                                                     
  Manufacturing..................................   100.0      63.7    36.3     8.2      5.6      9.9       3.7       8.3        .5  
    Blue-collar occupations......................   100.0      63.3    36.8     8.2      5.8     10.0       3.7       8.5        .5  
  Nonmanufacturing...............................   100.0      66.5    33.5     6.7      2.9      9.2       6.3       8.3        .1  
                                                                                                                                     
All nonunion workers, private industry...........   100.0      74.0    26.0     6.5      2.7      5.9       2.5       8.3        .1  
    Blue-collar occupations......................   100.0      72.2    27.8     5.1      3.5      6.9       2.1      10.1      (5)   
                                                                                                                                     
  Goods-producing industries(2)..................   100.0      70.6    29.4     6.6      4.0      7.3       2.5       8.8        .2  
  Service-producing industries(3)................   100.0      75.0    25.0     6.5      2.3      5.5       2.4       8.1      (5)   
                                                                                                                                     
  Manufacturing..................................   100.0      69.5    30.5     7.4      4.2      7.9       2.7       8.1        .2  
    Blue-collar occupations......................   100.0      68.4    31.6     6.1      4.6      8.9       2.6       9.3      (5)   
  Nonmanufacturing...............................   100.0      74.9    25.1     6.4      2.4      5.5       2.4       8.3      (5)   

  1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
  2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
  3 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and service industries.
  4 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  5 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 14.  Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry
workers, by establishment employment size, and major industry and occupational group, March 2002
                                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                     
                                                                                               Benefit costs                         
                                                                                                                                     
        Industry and occupational group,            Total     Wages                                                                  
               and employment size                 compen-     and                    Supple-            Retire-   Legally    Other  
                                                    sation  salaries           Paid   mental               ment    required   bene-  
                                                                      Total   leave     pay   Insurance    and     benefits  fits(1) 
                                                                                                         savings                     
                                                                                                                                     
                                                  
                                                                             Cost per hour worked by year
                                                  
                                                                                                                                     
All workers in private industry..................   $21.71   $15.80    $5.90   $1.44   $0.62     $1.40     $0.63     $1.80     $0.03 
  1-99 workers...................................    18.51    13.88     4.63    1.05    0.47      1.03      0.42      1.64     (2)   
  100 or more workers............................    25.48    18.07     7.41    1.89     .79      1.83       .88      1.98       .05 
    100-499 workers..............................    21.99    15.87     6.12    1.47     .68      1.52       .63      1.80       .02 
    500 or more workers..........................    29.79    20.79     9.00    2.42     .93      2.20      1.18      2.19       .08 
                                                                                                                                     
  Goods-producing industries(3)..................    25.44    17.47     7.96    1.66    1.11      2.01       .88      2.25       .05 
    1-99 workers.................................    22.06    15.64     6.42    1.03     .89      1.55       .69      2.26     (2)   
    100 or more workers..........................    28.00    18.87     9.13    2.14    1.28      2.37      1.02      2.24       .09 
      100-499 workers............................    23.74    16.11     7.62    1.54    1.18      2.05       .80      2.02       .03 
      500 or more workers........................    32.76    21.95    10.81    2.81    1.38      2.71      1.27      2.48       .16 
                                                                                                                                     
  Service-producing industries(4)................    20.66    15.33     5.33    1.37     .48      1.22       .56      1.67       .02 
    1-99 workers.................................    17.75    13.51     4.25    1.06     .38       .92       .37      1.51     (2)   
    100 or more workers..........................    24.54    17.77     6.77    1.80     .61      1.62       .82      1.88       .03 
      100-499 workers............................    21.38    15.78     5.60    1.44     .50      1.34       .57      1.73       .02 
      500 or more workers........................    28.60    20.32     8.27    2.26     .75      2.00      1.15      2.08       .04 
                                                                                                                                     
  White-collar occupations.......................    26.43    19.48     6.95    1.97     .69      1.57       .76      1.93       .03 
    1-99 workers.................................    22.51    17.00     5.50    1.52     .56      1.21       .51      1.70     (2)   
    100 or more workers..........................    30.42    22.00     8.42    2.42     .83      1.93      1.02      2.16       .06 
      100-499 workers............................    26.33    19.37     6.97    1.93     .71      1.61       .74      1.95       .03 
      500 or more workers........................    34.82    24.83     9.99    2.96     .95      2.28      1.32      2.40       .08 
                                                                                                                                     
  Blue-collar occupations........................    20.15    14.01     6.14    1.13     .74      1.59       .69      1.96       .03 
    1-99 workers.................................    18.45    13.30     5.15     .85     .58      1.25       .52      1.95     (2)   
    100 or more workers..........................    22.19    14.86     7.33    1.46     .94      2.00       .89      1.98       .05 
      100-499 workers............................    19.61    13.46     6.15    1.12     .77      1.72       .67      1.84       .02 
      500 or more workers........................    26.14    16.99     9.15    1.99    1.19      2.44      1.24      2.20       .10 
                                                  
                                                                             Percent of total compensation
                                                  
                                                                                                                                     
All workers in private industry..................   100.0      72.8    27.2     6.6      2.9      6.4       2.9       8.3       0.1  
  1-99 workers...................................   100.0      75.0    25.0     5.7      2.5      5.6       2.3       8.9      (5)   
  100 or more workers............................   100.0      70.9    29.1     7.4      3.1      7.2       3.5       7.8        .2  
    100-499 workers..............................   100.0      72.2    27.8     6.7      3.1      6.9       2.9       8.2        .1  
    500 or more workers..........................   100.0      69.8    30.2     8.1      3.1      7.4       4.0       7.4        .3  
                                                                                                                                     
  Goods-producing industries(3)..................   100.0      68.7    31.3     6.5      4.4      7.9       3.5       8.8        .2  
    1-99 workers.................................   100.0      70.9    29.1     4.7      4.0      7.0       3.1      10.2      (5)   
    100 or more workers..........................   100.0      67.4    32.6     7.6      4.6      8.5       3.6       8.0        .3  
      100-499 workers............................   100.0      67.9    32.1     6.5      5.0      8.6       3.4       8.5        .1  
      500 or more workers........................   100.0      67.0    33.0     8.6      4.2      8.3       3.9       7.6        .5  
                                                                                                                                     
  Service-producing industries(4)................   100.0      74.2    25.8     6.6      2.3      5.9       2.7       8.1        .1  
    1-99 workers.................................   100.0      76.1    23.9     6.0      2.1      5.2       2.1       8.5      (5)   
    100 or more workers..........................   100.0      72.4    27.6     7.3      2.5      6.6       3.3       7.7        .1  
      100-499 workers............................   100.0      73.8    26.2     6.7      2.3      6.3       2.7       8.1        .1  
      500 or more workers........................   100.0      71.0    28.9     7.9      2.6      7.0       4.0       7.3        .1  
                                                                                                                                     
  White-collar occupations.......................   100.0      73.7    26.3     7.5      2.6      5.9       2.9       7.3        .1  
    1-99 workers.................................   100.0      75.5    24.4     6.8      2.5      5.4       2.3       7.6      (5)   
    100 or more workers..........................   100.0      72.3    27.7     8.0      2.7      6.3       3.4       7.1        .2  
      100-499 workers............................   100.0      73.6    26.5     7.3      2.7      6.1       2.8       7.4        .1  
      500 or more workers........................   100.0      71.3    28.7     8.5      2.7      6.5       3.8       6.9        .2  
                                                                                                                                     
  Blue-collar occupations........................   100.0      69.5    30.5     5.6      3.7      7.9       3.4       9.7        .1  
    1-99 workers.................................   100.0      72.1    27.9     4.6      3.1      6.8       2.8      10.6      (5)   
    100 or more workers..........................   100.0      67.0    33.0     6.6      4.2      9.0       4.0       8.9        .2  
      100-499 workers............................   100.0      68.6    31.4     5.7      3.9      8.8       3.4       9.4        .1  
      500 or more workers........................   100.0      65.0    35.0     7.6      4.6      9.3       4.7       8.4        .4  

  1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
  2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
  4 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and service industries.
  5 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 15.  Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry
health services workers, by industry and occupational group, March 2002
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                              Benefit costs                         
                                                                                                                                    
                                                   Total     Wages                                                                  
                     Series                       compen-     and                    Supple-            Retire-   Legally    Other  
                                                   sation  salaries           Paid   mental               ment    required   bene-  
                                                                     Total   leave     pay   Insurance    and     benefits  fits(1) 
                                                                                                        savings                     
                                                                                                                                    
                                                 
                                                                            Cost per hour worked by year
                                                 
                                                                                                                                    
Health services.................................   $24.84   $18.18    $6.65   $2.10   $0.48     $1.53     $0.68     $1.86     (2)   
    Professional specialty and technical........    35.30    25.89     9.41    3.35    0.77      1.82      0.95      2.50     (2)   
      Professional specialty....................    42.86    31.44    11.42    4.44     .87      1.99      1.24      2.86       .02 
        Nurses..................................    33.13    23.79     9.34    2.84    1.10      1.84       .98      2.57     (2)   
      Technical.................................    23.53    17.26     6.28    1.65     .61      1.57       .50      1.95     (2)   
    Administrative support, including clerical..    16.55    12.03     4.52    1.10     .23      1.41       .50      1.29     (2)   
                                                                                                                                    
  Service occupations...........................    13.65     9.93     3.72     .81     .29      1.10       .30      1.22     (2)   
                                                                                                                                    
  Hospitals.....................................    26.99    19.09     7.90    2.27     .76      2.05       .78      2.03       .02 
    Professional specialty and technical........    33.11    23.62     9.49    2.85    1.09      2.13       .94      2.47     (2)   
      Professional specialty....................    36.64    26.27    10.37    3.23    1.18      2.16      1.09      2.70       .02 
        Nurses..................................    35.54    25.30    10.25    3.15    1.31      2.08      1.03      2.66     (2)   
      Technical.................................    24.67    17.28     7.39    1.95     .87      2.05       .59      1.92     (2)   
    Administrative support, including clerical..    18.05    12.32     5.73    1.42     .36      2.03       .59      1.33     (2)   
                                                                                                                                    
  Service occupations...........................    15.65    10.60     5.05    1.09     .41      1.87       .39      1.29     (2)   
                                                                                                                                    
  Nursing homes.................................    16.05    11.91     4.14    1.08     .39       .97       .21      1.50     (2)   
    Professional specialty and technical........    23.54    17.59     5.95    1.59     .69      1.15       .34      2.17     (2)   
      Professional specialty....................    27.03    20.10     6.93    1.97     .68      1.38       .44      2.45     (2)   
      Technical.................................    20.70    15.55     5.15    1.28     .70       .96       .26      1.94     (2)   
                                                                                                                                    
  Service occupations...........................    12.22     8.96     3.26     .74     .32       .86       .15      1.19     (2)   
                                                 
                                                                            Percent of total compensation
                                                 
                                                                                                                                    
Health services.................................   100.0      73.2    26.8     8.5      1.9      6.2       2.7       7.5      (3)   
    Professional specialty and technical........   100.0      73.3    26.7     9.5      2.2      5.2       2.7       7.1      (3)   
      Professional specialty....................   100.0      73.4    26.6    10.4      2.0      4.6       2.9       6.7      (3)   
        Nurses..................................   100.0      71.8    28.2     8.6      3.3      5.6       3.0       7.8      (3)   
      Technical.................................   100.0      73.4    26.7     7.0      2.6      6.7       2.1       8.3      (3)   
    Administrative support, including clerical..   100.0      72.7    27.3     6.6      1.4      8.5       3.0       7.8      (3)   
                                                                                                                                    
  Service occupations...........................   100.0      72.7    27.3     5.9      2.1      8.1       2.2       8.9      (3)   
                                                                                                                                    
  Hospitals.....................................   100.0      70.7    29.3     8.4      2.8      7.6       2.9       7.5        .1  
    Professional specialty and technical........   100.0      71.3    28.7     8.6      3.3      6.4       2.8       7.5      (3)   
      Professional specialty....................   100.0      71.7    28.3     8.8      3.2      5.9       3.0       7.4        .1  
        Nurses..................................   100.0      71.2    28.8     8.9      3.7      5.9       2.9       7.5      (3)   
      Technical.................................   100.0      70.0    30.0     7.9      3.5      8.3       2.4       7.8      (3)   
    Administrative support, including clerical..   100.0      68.3    31.7     7.9      2.0     11.2       3.3       7.4      (3)   
                                                                                                                                    
  Service occupations...........................   100.0      67.7    32.3     7.0      2.6     11.9       2.5       8.2      (3)   
                                                                                                                                    
  Nursing homes.................................   100.0      74.2    25.8     6.7      2.4      6.0       1.3       9.3      (3)   
    Professional specialty and technical........   100.0      74.7    25.3     6.8      2.9      4.9       1.4       9.2      (3)   
      Professional specialty....................   100.0      74.4    25.6     7.3      2.5      5.1       1.6       9.1      (3)   
      Technical.................................   100.0      75.1    24.9     6.2      3.4      4.6       1.3       9.4      (3)   
                                                                                                                                    
  Service occupations...........................   100.0      73.3    26.7     6.1      2.6      7.0       1.2       9.7      (3)   

  1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
  2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  3 Less than .05 percent.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



Table 16.  Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry
transportation equipment manufacturing and public  utilities workers, by industry and occupational group, March 2002
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                              Benefit costs                         
                                                                                                                                    
                                                   Total     Wages                                                                  
                     Series                       compen-     and                    Supple-            Retire-   Legally    Other  
                                                   sation  salaries           Paid   mental               ment    required   bene-  
                                                                     Total   leave     pay   Insurance    and     benefits  fits(1) 
                                                                                                        savings                     
                                                                                                                                    
                                                 
                                                                            Cost per hour worked by year
                                                 
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
Transportation equipment manufacturing (SIC 37).   $34.42   $22.48   $11.94   $2.98   $1.91     $2.97     $1.03     $2.81     $0.24 
  White-collar occupations......................    45.30    31.57    13.73    4.48    1.34      3.20      1.31      3.22      0.18 
    Professional specialty and technical........    46.58    32.09    14.48    4.90    1.10      3.55      1.30      3.42       .21 
    Executive, administrative, and managerial...    58.62    42.77    15.85    5.33    2.21      2.83      1.57      3.73       .19 
  Blue-collar occupations.......................    29.03    17.95    11.07    2.22    2.22      2.85       .90      2.62       .27 
  Service occupations...........................    24.74    15.49     9.26    2.20    1.26      2.75       .80      2.07       .19 
                                                                                                                                    
  Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721).............    41.75    27.80    13.95    3.82    1.78      3.51      1.41      3.20       .22 
    White-collar occupations....................    44.98    30.64    14.34    4.36    1.28      3.60      1.56      3.30       .23 
    Blue-collar occupations.....................    36.56    23.26    13.30    2.95    2.59      3.35      1.15      3.06       .21 
                                                                                                                                    
Public utilities (SIC's 48, 49).................    34.19    22.75    11.44    3.17    1.62      2.52      1.63      2.40       .11 
  White-collar occupations......................    34.71    23.22    11.49    3.12    1.70      2.46      1.69      2.39       .13 
  Blue-collar occupations.......................    33.80    22.21    11.59    3.33    1.50      2.70      1.54      2.45       .07 
                                                                                                                                    
  Communications (SIC 48).......................    33.60    22.53    11.07    3.09    1.63      2.29      1.65      2.31       .10 
    White-collar occupations....................    33.77    22.71    11.06    2.98    1.68      2.22      1.76      2.30       .11 
    Blue-collar occupations.....................    33.28    22.11    11.17    3.43    1.49      2.48      1.33      2.34       .09 
                                                                                                                                    
  Electric, gas, and sanitary services (SIC 49).    35.35    23.17    12.18    3.32    1.59      2.98      1.58      2.57       .12 
    White-collar occupations....................    37.52    24.72    12.80    3.55    1.76      3.16      1.48      2.65       .20 
    Blue-collar occupations.....................    34.32    22.31    12.01    3.24    1.50      2.92      1.75      2.55       .05 
                                                 
                                                                            Percent of total compensation
                                                 
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
Transportation equipment manufacturing (SIC 37).   100.0      65.3    34.7     8.7      5.5      8.6       3.0       8.2       0.7  
  White-collar occupations......................   100.0      69.7    30.3     9.9      3.0      7.1       2.9       7.1       0.4  
    Professional specialty and technical........   100.0      68.9    31.1    10.5      2.4      7.6       2.8       7.3        .5  
    Executive, administrative, and managerial...   100.0      73.0    27.0     9.1      3.8      4.8       2.7       6.4        .3  
  Blue-collar occupations.......................   100.0      61.8    38.1     7.6      7.6      9.8       3.1       9.0        .9  
  Service occupations...........................   100.0      62.6    37.4     8.9      5.1     11.1       3.2       8.4        .8  
                                                                                                                                    
  Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721).............   100.0      66.6    33.4     9.1      4.3      8.4       3.4       7.7        .5  
    White-collar occupations....................   100.0      68.1    31.9     9.7      2.8      8.0       3.5       7.3        .5  
    Blue-collar occupations.....................   100.0      63.6    36.4     8.1      7.1      9.2       3.1       8.4        .6  
                                                                                                                                    
Public utilities (SIC's 48, 49).................   100.0      66.5    33.5     9.3      4.7      7.4       4.8       7.0        .3  
  White-collar occupations......................   100.0      66.9    33.1     9.0      4.9      7.1       4.9       6.9        .4  
  Blue-collar occupations.......................   100.0      65.7    34.3     9.9      4.4      8.0       4.6       7.2        .2  
                                                                                                                                    
  Communications (SIC 48).......................   100.0      67.1    32.9     9.2      4.9      6.8       4.9       6.9        .3  
    White-collar occupations....................   100.0      67.2    32.8     8.8      5.0      6.6       5.2       6.8        .3  
    Blue-collar occupations.....................   100.0      66.4    33.6    10.3      4.5      7.5       4.0       7.0        .3  
                                                                                                                                    
  Electric, gas, and sanitary services (SIC 49).   100.0      65.5    34.5     9.4      4.5      8.4       4.5       7.3        .3  
    White-collar occupations....................   100.0      65.9    34.1     9.5      4.7      8.4       3.9       7.1        .5  
    Blue-collar occupations.....................   100.0      65.0    35.0     9.4      4.4      8.5       5.1       7.4        .1  

  1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.



                             EXPLANATORY NOTES

     Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC) measures the average
cost per employee hour worked that employers pay for wages and salaries and
benefits.

     Wages and salaries are defined as the hourly straight-time wage rate
or, for workers not paid on an hourly basis, straight-time earnings divided
by the corresponding hours.  Straight-time wage and salary rates are total
earnings before payroll deductions and include production bonuses,
incentive earnings, commission payments, and cost-of-living adjustments.
Not included in straight-time earnings are nonproduction bonuses such as
lump-sum payments provided in lieu of wage increases, shift differentials,
and premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends and holidays; these
payments are included in the benefits component.

     Benefits include:  Paid leave--vacations, holidays, sick leave, and
other leave; supplemental pay--premium pay for work in addition to the
regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays), shift
differentials, and nonproduction bonuses (such as referral bonuses and lump-
sum payments provided in lieu of wage increases); insurance benefits--life,
health, short-term disability, and long-term disability; retirement and
savings benefits--defined benefit and defined contribution plans; legally
required benefits--social security, medicare, Federal and State
unemployment insurance, and workers' compensation; and other benefits--
severance pay and supplemental unemployment plans.

The March 2002 Survey

     The March 2002 Employer Costs for Employee Compensation include data
from both private industry and State and local government.  Not included
are the self-employed and farm, household, and Federal government workers.
The reference period is the payroll period that includes March 12 as the
reference period.

     The publication schedule for the Employer Costs for Employee
Compensation will change.  Future publications will be issued on a
quarterly basis, with data collected for the pay period including the 12th
day of the survey months of March, June, September, and December.
Publications will be issued approximately three months after the month of
reference. The tables included in the quarterly news release will be
unchanged from the current format and also will be available on the
Internet.  Data will be available on a quarterly basis beginning with June
2002 data.  Information may be obtained by calling (202) 691-6199, visiting
the Internet site (http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/home.htm), or by e-mail
request (ocltinfo@bls.gov).

     The cost levels in this release are based on a probability sample of
about 29,850 occupations within approximately 7,200 sample establishments
in private industry and about 3,750 occupations within approximately 800
sample establishments in State and local government.  Sample establishments
are classified by industry categories based on the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system, as defined by the U.S. Office of Management
and Budget.  Within a sample establishment, specific job categories are
selected to represent broader major occupational groups such as
professional specialty and technical occupations.

     Current employment weights are used to calculate cost levels.  The
March 2002 cost levels were calculated using the March 2002 employment
counts from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Employment Statistics
(CES) program, benchmarked to the 2001 universe of all private nonfarm
establishments.  In most instances, private industry employment counts were
total employment estimates for 2-digit major industry groups, such as
primary metal manufacturing or food stores, as defined by the SIC system.
In a few cases, 3- and 4-digit industry employment counts were used.  These
include the 4-digit aircraft manufacturing industry (3721) and the 3-digit health
care and educational industries.  For more information on SIC coding, see
"BLS Establishment Estimates Revised to Incorporate March 1996 Benchmarks" in
the June 1997 issue of Employment and Earnings.  For State and local governments,
employment counts ranged from those for 3-digit industries, such as education
and health care, to those for major industry divisions, such as public administration.

     Employment data from these 2-, 3-, and 4-digit industries were
distributed to major occupational groups (such as executives,
administrators, and managers or machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors) using the relative importance of the groups in the Employment
Cost Index (ECI) sample.  Because the ECI establishment
sample is completely replaced over a period of several years, major
occupational group employment counts from the ECI are affected by the age
of the sample.  However, a few years' difference in the age of the
occupational data within industries is likely to have a small impact on the
estimates.

     In contrast, the ECI, which measures the change in employer costs for
employee compensation, is calculated with fixed 1990 employment counts to
prevent employment shifts among occupations and industries from influencing
the changes.  Therefore, year-to-year changes in Employer Costs for
Employee Compensation will differ from those in the ECI.

     Historical data and related articles on the ECEC are included in the
bulletin, Employer Costs for Employee Compensation, 1986-99 (Bulletin
2508).  An historical summary from 1986 through 2002 is also available on
the Internet site (http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/home.htm) or upon request.
Information on how costs are calculated appears in "Measuring Trends in the
Structure and Levels of Employer Costs for Employee Compensation,"
Compensation and Working Conditions, Summer 1997.  An article on changes in
employer compensation costs appears in "Tracking Changes in Benefit Costs,"
Compensation and Working Conditions, Spring 1999.

Relative Standard Errors

     Because the ECEC is a sample survey, it is subject to sampling errors.
Sampling errors are differences that occur between the results computed
from a sample of observations and those computed from all observations in
the population.  The estimates derived from different samples selected
using the same sample design may differ from one another.  A measure of the
variation among these differing estimates is the standard error.  It can be
used to measure the precision with which an estimate from a particular
sample approximates the expected result of all possible samples.  The
chances are about 68 out of 100 that an estimate from the survey differs
from a complete population figure by less than the standard error.  The
chances are about 90 out of 100 that this difference would be less than 1.6
times the standard error.  All the statements of comparisons appearing in
this publication are significant at a 1.6 standard error level or better,
unless otherwise indicated.  This means that for differences cited, the
estimated difference is greater than 1.6 times the standard error of the
difference.

     The relative standard error (RSE) is shown with the cost estimates for
some series in the appendix table.  The RSE for all estimates will be
available shortly after the release is issued.  This information can be
obtained directly from the BLS Internet site
(http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/home.htm), by e-mail request
(ocltinfo@bls.gov), or by telephone (202) 691-6199.

     For a more detailed explanation of relative standard errors, see
"Measuring Trends in the Structure and Levels of Employer Costs for
Employee Compensation," Compensation and Working Conditions, Summer 1997.
For a detailed explanation of how to use standard error data to analyze
differences in year-to-year changes, see "Analyzing Year-to-Year Changes in
Employer Costs for Employee Compensation," Compensation and Working
Conditions, Spring 1998.  This article supplements an article from the
Summer 1997 issue of Compensation and Working Conditions, "Explaining the
Differential Growth Rates of the ECI and ECEC," which examined how
differences in the construction of these measures contribute to differing
trends.

     Standard errors relate to differences that occur from sampling errors,
but not from nonsampling errors.  Nonsampling errors are not measured and
include survey nonresponse and data collection and processing errors.
Survey nonresponse occurs when sample members are unwilling or unable to
participate in the survey.  Data collection errors include inaccurate data
by respondents and definitional difficulties.  Processing errors include
errors in recording, coding, and entering data.  Although nonsampling
errors are not measured, BLS quality assurance programs contain procedures
for reducing such errors.  These procedures include data collection reinterviews,
observed interviews, computer data edits, and systematic review of reports on
which data are recorded.  Extensive field economist training also is conducted
to maintain high data collection standards.

Comparing private and public sector data

     Aggregate compensation cost levels in State and local government
should not be directly compared with those in private industry.
Differences between these sectors stem from factors such as variation in
work activities and occupational structures.  Manufacturing and sales, for
example, make up a large part of private industry work activities, but are
rare in State and local government.  White-collar occupations (largely
professional occupations including teachers) account for two-thirds of the
State and local government workforce, compared with one-half of private
industry.

     A detailed examination of differences in compensation levels and
trends between private industry and State and local government may be found
in, "Cost of Employee Compensation in Public and Private Sectors," Monthly
Labor Review, May 1993, and "Compensation Cost Trends in Private Industry
and State and Local Governments," Compensation and Working Conditions, Fall
1999.

Obtaining information

     Articles, bulletins, and other information may be obtained by calling
(202) 691-6199, sending an e-mail message to ocltinfo@bls.gov, or visiting
the Internet site (http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/home.htm).  Information in
this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon
request.  Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service Number:  1-800-
877-8339.



Appendix.  Employer costs per hour worked for components of compensation, and relative standard errors,(1) by major industry and
occupation categories, March 2002
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                              Benefit costs                         
                                                                                                                                    
                  Industry or                      Total     Wages                                                                  
               occupation category                compen-     and                    Supple-            Retire-   Legally    Other  
                                                   sation  salaries           Paid   mental               ment    required   bene-  
                                                                     Total   leave     pay   Insurance    and     benefits  fits(2) 
                                                                                                        savings                     
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
Civilian workers                                                                                                                    
  Cost per hour worked by year..................   $23.15   $16.76    $6.39   $1.59   $0.56     $1.61     $0.80     $1.80     $0.03 
  Relative error................................     2.4      2.4      2.7     3.8     5.2       2.2       3.6       2.1      10.8  
                                                                                                                                    
  State and local government workers                                                                                                
    Cost per hour worked by year................   $31.29   $22.14    $9.15   $2.43    $.26     $2.82     $1.74     $1.84      $.06 
    Relative error..............................     1.3      1.3      1.7     1.9     6.6       2.0       3.3       2.1      26.5  
                                                                                                                                    
  Private industry workers                                                                                                          
    Cost per hour worked by year................   $21.71   $15.80    $5.90   $1.44    $.62     $1.40      $.63     $1.80      $.03 
    Relative error..............................     3.1      3.0      3.4     5.0     5.5       2.9       5.1       2.5      10.2  
                                                                                                                                    
    Goods-producing industries(3)                                                                                                   
      Cost per hour worked by year..............   $25.44   $17.47    $7.96   $1.66   $1.11     $2.01      $.88     $2.25      $.05 
      Relative error............................     2.8      2.7      3.5     4.1     7.6       3.8       7.3       2.2      17.3  
                                                                                                                                    
    Service-producing industries(4)                                                                                                 
      Cost per hour worked by year..............   $20.66   $15.33    $5.33   $1.37    $.48     $1.22      $.56     $1.67      $.02 
      Relative error............................     3.4      3.3      4.0     5.8     7.8       3.1       5.1       2.8      10.4  
                                                                                                                                    
    Manufacturing                                                                                                                   
      Cost per hour worked by year..............   $25.20   $17.19    $8.01   $1.91   $1.13     $2.11      $.74     $2.05      $.07 
      Relative error............................     2.6      2.6      3.0     4.1     7.2       3.4       5.9       1.9      18.4  
                                                                                                                                    
    Nonmanufacturing                                                                                                                
      Cost per hour worked by year..............   $21.06   $15.55    $5.51   $1.35    $.52     $1.27      $.61     $1.75      $.02 
      Relative error............................     3.5      3.3      4.1     5.9     7.6       3.5       6.1       2.8      10.4  
                                                                                                                                    
    White-collar workers                                                                                                            
      Cost per hour worked by year..............   $26.43   $19.48    $6.95   $1.97    $.69     $1.57      $.76     $1.93      $.03 
      Relative error............................     3.7      3.6      4.0     5.7     9.0       2.6       5.0       3.0       9.4  
                                                                                                                                    
    Blue-collar workers                                                                                                             
      Cost per hour worked by year..............   $20.15   $14.01    $6.14   $1.13    $.74     $1.59      $.69     $1.96      $.03 
      Relative error............................     2.0      1.7      2.9     3.5     2.9       3.6       6.1       2.1      21.4  
                                                                                                                                    
    Service workers                                                                                                                 
      Cost per hour worked by year..............   $10.95    $8.42    $2.53    $.46    $.19      $.59      $.16     $1.13     (5)   
      Relative error............................     3.2      2.7      5.1     8.5     9.9       7.4      11.1       2.6      (6)   

  1 The relative error is the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost.  One can be 90-percent confident that the interval
around the cost estimate bounded by 1.6 times plus and 1.6 times minus the  standard error contains the "true" cost.
  2 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
  3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
  4 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and service industries.
  5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  6 Relative error is suppressed because cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding.