Technical information:  (202) 691-6467     USDL 04-82
               http://www.bls.gov/bdm/
                                           For release: 10:00 A.M. EST
Media contact:                691-5902     Wednesday, January 28, 2004


            BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS:  SECOND QUARTER 2003
                                     
                                     
   From March to June 2003, the number of job gains from opening and ex-
panding establishments was 7.5 million, and the number of job losses from
closing and contracting establishments was 7.7 million, according to pre-
liminary data released today by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. 
Department of Labor.  Expanding and contracting establishments accounted 
for most of the jobs gained and lost.

   The change in the employment level over time is the net result of gross
job gains and gross job losses that occur at establishments throughout the
economy.  Business Employment Dynamics statistics track these changes in
employment at private business establishments from the third month of one
quarter to the third month of the next.  In this data series, gross job
gains are defined as increases in employment resulting from expansions of
employment at existing establishments or from the opening of establishments.  
Gross job losses are defined as declines in employment at existing establish-
ments or from the closing of establishments.  The difference between the num-
ber of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change 
in employment.
   
   The data series on Business Employment Dynamics are derived from the
Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), also known as the ES-202
program.  This program is a quarterly census of all establishments covered
under state and federal unemployment insurance programs, representing about
98 percent of employment on nonfarm payrolls.
   
Trends in Gross Job Gains and Job Losses
     
   Opening and expanding private sector business establishments gained 7.5
million jobs in the second quarter of 2003, or 69,000 more than in the first 
quarter of 2003.  This is the first over-the-quarter increase in gross job 
gains since the first quarter of 2002.  Over the quarter, expanding establish-
ments added 6.0 million jobs, while opening establishments added 1.5 million.
   
   Gross job losses totaled 7.7 million in the second quarter of 2003,
229,000 fewer than in the first quarter of 2003.  This is a return to the
downward trend in gross job losses that was interrupted by a slight increase 
in the first quarter.  In the second quarter of 2003, contracting establish-
ments lost 6.1 million jobs, while closing establishments accounted for a 
loss of 1.6 million jobs.  (See table A.)

                                  - 2 -

Table A.  3-month private sector gross job gains and losses, seasonally 
adjusted

(In thousands)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------     
                                  |             3 months ended
            Category              |--------------------------------------
                                  | June  | Sept. | Dec.  | Mar.  | June
                                  | 2002  | 2002  | 2002  | 2003  | 2003
-------------------------------------------------------------------------    
                                  |       |       |       |       |
Gross job gains...................| 8,010 | 7,922 | 7,746 | 7,441 | 7,510
  At expanding establishments.....| 6,223 | 6,208 | 6,114 | 5,904 | 5,988
  At opening establishments.......| 1,787 | 1,714 | 1,632 | 1,537 | 1,522
                                  |--------------------------------------
Gross job losses..................| 8,091 | 7,851 | 7,816 | 7,919 | 7,690
  At contracting establishments...| 6,372 | 6,257 | 6,189 | 6,361 | 6,140
  At closing establishments.......| 1,719 | 1,594 | 1,627 | 1,558 | 1,550
                                  |--------------------------------------
Net employment change 1/..........|   -81 |    71 |   -70 |  -478 |  -180
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1/  The net employment change is the difference between total gross job
gains and total gross job losses.  See the Technical Note for further 
information.


Rates of Gross Job Gains and Gross Job Losses

   From March to June 2003, gross job gains represented 7.0 percent of
private sector employment, while gross job losses represented 7.3 percent
of private sector employment.  (See table B.)   These gross job gain and
loss statistics demonstrate that a sizable number of jobs appear and
disappear in the relatively short time frame of one quarter.


Table B.  3-month private sector gross job gains and losses as a percent 
of employment, seasonally adjusted
       
(Percent)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------     
                                  |             3 months ended
            Category              |--------------------------------------
                                  | June  | Sept. | Dec.  | Mar.  | June
                                  | 2002  | 2002  | 2002  | 2003  | 2003
-------------------------------------------------------------------------    
                                  |       |       |       |       |
Gross job gains...................|  7.5  |  7.4  |  7.2  |  6.9  |  7.0
  At expanding establishments.....|  5.8  |  5.8  |  5.7  |  5.5  |  5.6
  At opening establishments.......|  1.7  |  1.6  |  1.5  |  1.4  |  1.4
                                  |--------------------------------------
Gross job losses..................|  7.5  |  7.3  |  7.3  |  7.4  |  7.3
  At contracting establishments...|  5.9  |  5.8  |  5.8  |  5.9  |  5.8
  At closing establishments.......|  1.6  |  1.5  |  1.5  |  1.5  |  1.5
                                  |--------------------------------------
Net employment change 1/..........|  0.0  |  0.1  | -0.1  | -0.5  | -0.3
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1/  The net employment change is the difference between total gross job
gains and total gross job losses.  See the Tecnhical Note for further 
information.


Number of Establishments Gaining and Losing Employment

   Out of 6.4 million active private sector establishments, a total of 1.8
million establishments gained jobs from March to June 2003.  (See table C.)
Of these, 1.5 million were expanding establishments and 332,000 were opening 
establishments.  During the second quarter of 2003, 1.8 million establishments 
lost jobs.  Of these, 1.5 million were contracting establishments and 337,000 
were closing establishments.  The statistics from tables A and C indicate that 
the average expanding establishment added 4.1 jobs during the quarter and the 
average contracting establishment lost 4.2 jobs during the quarter.

                                  - 3 -

Table C.  Number of private sector establishments by direction of employ-
ment change, seasonally adjusted
       
(In thousands)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------     
                                  |             3 months ended
            Category              |--------------------------------------
                                  | June  | Sept. | Dec.  | Mar.  | June
                                  | 2002  | 2002  | 2002  | 2003  | 2003
-------------------------------------------------------------------------    
                                  |       |       |       |       |
Establishments gaining jobs.......| 1,794 | 1,805 | 1,798 | 1,756 | 1,783
  Expanding establishments........| 1,447 | 1,460 | 1,453 | 1,420 | 1,451
  Opening establishments..........|   347 |   345 |   345 |   336 |   332
                                  |--------------------------------------
Establishments losing jobs .......| 1,825 | 1,781 | 1,809 | 1,859 | 1,802
  Contracting establishments......| 1,484 | 1,474 | 1,476 | 1,519 | 1,465
  Closing establishments..........|   341 |   307 |   333 |   340 |   337
                                  |--------------------------------------
Net establishment change 1/.......|     6 |    38 |    12 |    -4 |    -5
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1/  The net establishment change is the difference between the number of 
opening establishments and the number of closing establishments.  See the
Technical Note for further information.


More Information

   For updates of the Business Employment Dynamics series, please refer to
the BLS Web site at http://www.bls.gov.  For more information, please see
the Technical Note of this release or the Business Employment Dynamics Web
page at the BLS Web site http://www.bls.gov/bdm.  Additional information
about the Business Employment Dynamics data may be obtained by e-mailing
BDMinfo@bls.gov.
   
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------   
 |        Comparing Business Employment Dynamics Data with Current         |
 |        Employment Statistics and Quarterly Census of Employment         |
 |                           and Wages Data                                |
 |                                                                         |
 |    The net change in employment from Business Employment Dynamics       |
 | (BED) data series will not match the net change in employment from      |
 | the monthly Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey.  The CES        |
 | estimates are based on monthly surveys from a sample of establishments, | 
 | while gross job gains and gross job losses are based on a quarterly     |
 | census of administrative records.  In addition, the CES has a different | 
 | coverage, excluding the agriculture sector but including establishments | 
 | not covered by the unemployment insurance program.  The net over-the-   |
 | quarter changes derived by aggregating component series in the BED data | 
 | may be different from the net employment change estimated from the CES  |
 | seasonally adjusted total employment series.  The intended use of the   |
 | BED statistics is to show the dynamic labor market flows that underlie  | 
 | the net changes in aggregate employment levels; data users who want     |
 | to track net changes in aggregate employment levels over time should    |
 | refer to CES data.                                                      |
 |                                                                         |
 |    BED data have a more limited scope than the Quarterly Census of      |
 | Employment and Wages (QCEW) data.  The data in this release, in con-    |
 | trast to QCEW data, exclude government employees, private households    |
 | (NAICS 814110), and establishments with zero employment. See the        |
 | Technical Note for further information.                                 |         
 |                                                                         |
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
    
 
 
 
 

                                  - 4 -

Technical Note

   
   The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-
state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages
(QCEW), or the ES-202 program.  The BED data are compiled by the U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing quarterly state unemployment
insurance (UI) records.  Most employers in the U.S. are required to file
quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by UI
laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes.  The quarterly UI reports are sent by
the State Employment Security Agencies (SESAs) to BLS and form the basis of
the Bureau's establishment universe sampling frame.  These reports also are 
used to produce the quarterly QCEW data on total employment and wages and
the longitudinal BED data on gross job gains and losses.  Other important
Bureau uses of the UI reports are in the Current Employment Statistics
(CES) program. (See table below for differences between QCEW, CES, and BED.)
                                     
   In the BED program, the quarterly UI records are linked across quarters
to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment.  The linkage
process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment
level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and
expanding establishments and jobs lost at closing and contracting establish-
ments.

Differences between QCEW, BED, and CES employment measures

   The Bureau publishes three different establishment-based employment mea-
sures for any given quarter.  Each of these measures--QCEW, BED, and CES--
makes use of the quarterly UI employment reports in producing data; how-
ever, each measure has a somewhat different universe coverage, estimation 
procedure, and publication product.

   Differences in coverage and estimation methods can result in somewhat 
different measures of over-the-quarter employment change.  It is important to 
understand program differences and the intended uses of the program products.  
(See table below.)  Additional information on each program can be obtained 
from the program Web sites shown in the table below.

                                  - 5 -

Summary of Major Differences between QCEW, BED, and CES Employment Measures
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------                                     
           |         QCEW        |         BED          |         CES
-----------|---------------------|----------------------|-----------------------
Source     |--Count of UI admini-|--Count of longitudi- |--Sample survey: 
           |  strative records   |  nally-linked UI ad- |  400,000 employers
           |  submitted by 8.2   |  ministrative records|
           |  million employers  |  submitted by 6.4    |
           |                     |  million private sec-|
           |                     |  tor employers       |
-----------|---------------------|----------------------|-----------------------
Coverage   |--UI and UCFE cover- |--UI Coverage, exclud-|Nonfarm wage and sal-
           |  age:  all employers|  ing:  government,   |  ary jobs:
           |  subject to state   |  private households, |--UI Coverage, exclud-
           |  and federal UI Laws|  and establishments  |  ing agriculture, pri-
           |                     |  with zero employment|  vate households, and
           |                     |                      |  self-employed
           |                     |                      |--Other employment, in-
           |                     |                      |  cluding railroads, 
           |                     |                      |  religious organiza-
           |                     |                      |  tions, and other non-
           |                     |                      |  UI-covered jobs
-----------|---------------------|----------------------|-----------------------
Publication|--Quarterly          |--Quarterly           |--Monthly 
frequency  |  -7 months after the|  -8 months after the |  -Usually first Friday
           |   end of each quar- |   end of each quarter|   of following month
           |   ter               |                      |
-----------|---------------------|----------------------|-----------------------
Use of UI  |--Directly summarizes|--Links each new UI   |--Uses UI file as a sam-
file       |  and publishes each |  quarter to longitu- |  pling frame and annu-
           |  new quarter of UI  |  dinal database and  |  ally realigns (bench-
           |  data               |  directly summarizes |  marks) sample esti-    
           |                     |  gross job gains and |  mates to first quar-  
           |                     |  losses              |  ter UI levels
-----------|---------------------|----------------------|------------------------
Principal  |--Provides a quarter-|--Provides quarterly  |--Provides current month-
products   |  ly and annual uni- |  employer dynamics   |  ly estimates of employ-
           |  verse count of es- |  data on establish-  |  ment, hours, and earn-
           |  tablishments, em-  |  ment openings, clos-|  ings at the MSA, state,
           |  ployment, and wages|  ings, expansions,   |  and national level by
           |  at the county, MSA,|  and contractions at |  industry
           |  state, and national|  the national level  |
           |  levels by detailed |--Future expansions   |
           |  industry           |  will include data at|
           |                     |  the county, MSA, and|
           |                     |  state level by in-  |
           |                     |  dustry and size of  |
           |                     |  establishment       |
-----------|---------------------|----------------------|--------------------------
Principal  |--Major uses include:|--Major uses include: |--Major uses include:
uses       |  -Detailed locality |  -Business cycle     |  -Principal national
           |   data              |   analysis           |   economic indicator
           |  -Periodic universe |  -Analysis of employ-|  -Official time series 
           |   counts for bench- |   er dynamics under- |   for employment change
           |   marking sample    |   lying economic ex- |   measures
           |   survey estimates  |   pansions and con-  |  -Input into other ma-
           |  -Sample frame for  |   traction by size of|   jor economic indi-
           |   BLS establishment |   establishment      |   cators
           |   survey            |                      |
-----------|---------------------|----------------------|--------------------------
Program    |--www.bls.gov/cew/   |--www.bls.gov/bdm/    |--www.bls.gov/ces/
Web sites  |                     |                      |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                  
                                  - 6 -

Coverage                           

   Employment and wage data for workers covered by state UI and Unemployment 
Compensation for Federal employees (UCFE) laws are compiled from quarterly 
contribution reports submitted to the SESAs by employers.  In addition to the 
quarterly contribution reports, employers who operate multiple establishments 
within a state complete a questionnaire, called the "Multiple Worksite Report,"
which provides detailed information on the location of their establishments. 
These reports are based on place of employment rather than place of residence. 
UI and UCFE coverage is broad and basically comparable from state to state.
   
   Major exclusions from UI coverage are self-employed workers, religious or-
ganizations, most agricultural workers on small farms, all members of the 
Armed Forces, elected officials in most states, most employees of railroads, 
some domestic workers, most student workers at schools, and employees of cer-
tain small nonprofit organizations.
   
   Gross job gains and gross job losses in this release are derived from lon-
gitudinal histories of over 6.4 million private sector employer reports out 
of 8.2 million total reports of employment and wages submitted by states to 
BLS in the first quarter of 2003.  Gross job gains and gross job losses data 
in this release do not report estimates for government employees or private 
households (NAICS 814110), and do not include establishments with zero employ-
ment over three quarters.  Data from Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands also
are excluded from the national data.  As an illustration, the table below 
shows, in millions of establishments, the number of establishments excluded 
from the gross job gains and gross job losses data in the fourth quarter 2002:


             Number of active establishments included in 
                  Business Employment Dynamics data

                                                                   Millions

Total establishments ES-202 program..................................8.2

    Excluded:  Public sector.........................................0.3 
               Private households....................................0.5
               Zero employment.......................................1.0      
               Establishments in Puerto Rico 
                 and the Virgin Islands..............................0.0*
         
Total establishments included in Business
  Employment Dynamics data...........................................6.4
   
   *Approximately 48,000 establishments.

Concepts and methodology

   The Business Employment Dynamics data measure the net change in employment 
at the establishment level.  These changes come about in one of four ways.  A 
net increase in employment can come from either opening establishments or ex-
panding establishments.  A net decrease in employment can come from either 
closing establishments or contracting establishments.  Gross job gains include 
the sum of all jobs added at either opening or expanding establishments.  Gross 
job losses include the sum of all jobs lost in either closing or contracting 
establishments.  The net change in employment is the difference between gross 
job gains and gross job losses.
   
   The formal definitions of establishment-level employment changes are as 
follows:                          

   Openings.  These are either establishments with positive third month em-
ployment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the 
prior quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter 
following zero employment in the previous quarter.
                                  
                                  - 7 -
                                     
   Expansions.  These are establishments with positive employment in the third 
month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employ-
ment over this period.
   
   Closings.  These are either establishments with positive third month employ-
ment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported 
in the current quarter.
   
   Contractions.  These are establishments with positive employment in the 
third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in 
employment over this period.

   All establishment-level employment changes are measured from the third 
month of each quarter.  Not all establishments change their employment levels; 
these establishments count towards estimates of total employment, but not for 
levels of gross job gains and gross job losses.

   Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing 
their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. 
This provides a symmetric growth rate.  The rates are calculated for the com-
ponents of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their
respective totals.  These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels 
can.  For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the 
gross job losses rate is the net growth rate.

   The linkage process matches establishments' unique SESA identification 
numbers (SESA-ID).  Between 95 to 97 percent of establishments identified as 
continuous from quarter to quarter are matched by SESA-ID.  The rest are 
linked in one of three ways.  The first method uses predecessor and successor 
information, identified by the states, which relates records with different 
SESA-IDs across quarters.  Predecessor and successor relations can come about 
for a variety of reasons, including a change in ownership, a firm restructur-
ing, or a UI account restructuring.  If a match cannot be attained in this 
manner, a probability-based match is used.  This match attempts to identify 
two establishments with different SESA-IDs as continuous.  The match is based 
upon comparisons such as the same name, address, and phone number.  Third, an
analyst examines unmatched records individually and makes a possible match.

   In order to ensure the highest possible quality of data, SESAs verify with 
employers and update, if necessary, the industry, location, and ownership 
classification of all establishments on a 3-year cycle.  Changes in establish-
ment classification codes resulting from the verification process are intro-
duced with the data reported for the first quarter of the year.  Changes re-
sulting from improved employer reporting also are introduced in the first 
quarter.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the levels of employment and the associated
job flows undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes
in the weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools.  The effect of such seasonal
variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each 
year, their influence can be eliminated by adjusting these statistics from 
quarter to quarter.  These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as 
declines in economic activity, easier to recognize.  For example, the large 
number of youths taking summer jobs is likely to obscure other changes that 
have taken place in June relative to March, making it difficult to determine 
if the level of economic activity has risen or declined.  However, because
the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the 
statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable 
change.  The adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze 
changes in economic activity.
   
                                  - 8 -

   The employment data series for opening, expanding, closing, and contract-
ing establishments are independently seasonally adjusted; net changes are 
calculated based on the difference between gross job gains and gross job 
losses.  Similarly, the establishment counts data series for opening, expanding, 
closing, and contracting establishments are independently adjusted, and the 
net changes are calculated based on the difference between the number of open-
ing and closing establishments.  Additionally, establishment and employment 
levels are independently seasonally adjusted to calculate the seasonally ad-
justed rates.  Concurrent seasonal adjustment is run using X-12 ARIMA.
   
   The net over-the-quarter change derived by summing the BED component series 
will differ from the net employment change estimated from the seasonally ad-
justed total private employment series from the CES program.  The intended use 
of BED statistics is to show the dynamic labor market changes that underlie 
the net employment change statistic.  As such, data users interested particu-
larly in the net employment change and not in the gross job flows underlying 
this change should refer to CES data for over-the-quarter net employment
changes.
   
Reliability of the data
   
   Since the data series on Business Employment Dynamics are based on admini-
strative rather than sample data, there are no issues related to sampling 
error.  Nonsampling error, however, still exists.  Nonsampling errors can oc-
cur for many reasons, such as the employer submitting corrected employment 
data after the end of the quarter or typographical errors made by businesses 
when providing information.  Such errors, however, are likely to be distri-
buted randomly throughout the dataset.
   
   Changes in administrative data sometimes create complications for the 
linkage process.  This can result in overstating openings and closings while 
understating expansions and contractions.  The BLS continues to refine methods 
for improving the linkage process to alleviate the effects of these compli-
cations.
   
Additional statistics and other information
   
   Several other programs within BLS produce closely related information.  
The QCEW program, also known as the ES-202 program, provides both quarterly 
and annual estimates of employment by state, county, and detailed industry. 
News releases on quarterly county employment and wages and average annual pay 
by state and industry are available upon request from the Division of Admin-
istrative Statistics and Labor Turnover, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. 
Department of Labor, Washington, DC 20212; telephone 202-691-6567;
(http://www.bls.gov/cew/); (e-mail: CEWInfo@bls.gov).
                                     
   The CES program produces monthly estimates of employment, its net change, 
and earnings by detailed industry.  These estimates are part of the Employ-
ment Situation report put out monthly by BLS.
                                     
   The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) program provides month-
ly measures of job openings, as well as employee hires and separations.

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired in-
dividuals upon request.  Voice phone:  202-691-5200; TDD message referral 
number: 1-800-877-8339.
 
 

Table 1.  Private sector gross job gains and job losses, seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

                                                  Gross job gains                       Gross job losses
Year  3 months ended  Net change (1) Total    Expanding      Opening      Total     Contracting      Closing
                                           establishments establishments           establishments establishments

1992  September            276      7,233       5,528         1,705       6,957       5,362           1,595
      December             344      7,162       5,504         1,658       6,818       5,428           1,390
  
1993  March                534      7,511       5,532         1,979       6,977       5,318           1,659
      June                 636      7,290       5,757         1,533       6,654       5,260           1,394
      September            709      7,383       5,770         1,613       6,674       5,322           1,352
      December             754      7,481       5,876         1,605       6,727       5,357           1,370
  
1994  March                643      7,502       5,880         1,622       6,859       5,401           1,458
      June                 880      7,761       6,033         1,728       6,881       5,400           1,481
      September          1,025      7,838       6,121         1,717       6,813       5,493           1,320
      December             614      7,682       6,044         1,638       7,068       5,602           1,466
  
1995  March                830      7,858       6,180         1,678       7,028       5,647           1,381
      June                 307      7,705       6,020         1,685       7,398       5,934           1,464
      September            673      7,873       6,211         1,662       7,200       5,667           1,533
      December             570      8,023       6,287         1,736       7,453       5,916           1,537
  
1996  March                432      7,980       6,262         1,718       7,548       6,030           1,518
      June                 594      8,111       6,329         1,782       7,517       5,961           1,556
      September            590      8,146       6,285         1,861       7,556       5,988           1,568
      December             827      8,267       6,390         1,877       7,440       5,906           1,534
  
1997  March                823      8,305       6,463         1,842       7,482       5,886           1,596
      June                 627      8,139       6,386         1,753       7,512       5,924           1,588
      September            876      8,608       6,674         1,934       7,732       5,972           1,760
      December             642      8,673       6,674         1,999       8,031       6,098           1,933
  
1998  March                777      8,829       6,668         2,161       8,052       6,120           1,932
      June                 677      8,739       6,601         2,138       8,062       6,191           1,871
      September            759      8,587       6,600         1,987       7,828       6,123           1,705
      December             619      8,482       6,704         1,778       7,863       6,115           1,748
  
1999  March                401      8,804       6,720         2,084       8,403       6,454           1,949
      June                 587      8,806       6,803         2,003       8,219       6,383           1,836
      September            752      8,938       6,931         2,007       8,186       6,335           1,851
      December             950      9,066       7,046         2,020       8,116       6,303           1,813
  
2000  March                719      8,847       6,938         1,909       8,128       6,414           1,714
      June                 534      8,723       6,938         1,785       8,189       6,463           1,726
      September            407      8,854       6,930         1,924       8,447       6,620           1,827
      December             301      8,680       6,867         1,813       8,379       6,594           1,785
  
2001  March               -281      8,474       6,700         1,774       8,755       6,883           1,872
      June                -782      8,217       6,413         1,804       8,999       7,115           1,884
      September         -1,080      7,898       6,104         1,794       8,978       7,060           1,918
      December            -808      7,902       6,083         1,819       8,710       6,930           1,780
  
2002  March               -276      8,013       6,200         1,813       8,289       6,545           1,744
      June                 -81      8,010       6,223         1,787       8,091       6,372           1,719
      September             71      7,922       6,208         1,714       7,851       6,257           1,594
      December             -70      7,746       6,114         1,632       7,816       6,189           1,627
  
2003  March               -478      7,441       5,904         1,537       7,919       6,361           1,558
      June                -180      7,510       5,988         1,522       7,690       6,140           1,550  

  1 Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.
 
 
 
 
 
Table 2.  Private sector gross job gains and job losses, not seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

                                                  Gross job gains                       Gross job losses
Year  3 months ended  Net change (1) Total    Expanding      Opening      Total     Contracting      Closing
                                           establishments establishments           establishments establishments

1992  September             32       6,695      5,186         1,509       6,663       5,253           1,410
      December             141       7,017      5,547         1,470       6,876       5,573           1,303
  
1993  March             -1,673       6,817      4,706         2,111       8,490       6,319           2,171
      June               3,266       8,712      6,929         1,783       5,446       4,234           1,212
      September            412       6,832      5,408         1,424       6,420       5,223           1,197
      December             580       7,345      5,921         1,424       6,765       5,483           1,282
  
1994  March             -1,573       6,762      5,027         1,735       8,335       6,423           1,912
      June               3,606       9,244      7,237         2,007       5,638       4,354           1,284
      September            664       7,236      5,726         1,510       6,572       5,401           1,171
      December             477       7,551      6,097         1,454       7,074       5,705           1,369
  
1995  March             -1,400       7,133      5,327         1,806       8,533       6,718           1,815
      June               3,062       9,135      7,182         1,953       6,073       4,807           1,266
      September            295       7,238      5,786         1,452       6,943       5,581           1,362
      December             492       7,913      6,371         1,542       7,421       5,990           1,431
  
1996  March             -1,878       7,297      5,430         1,867       9,175       7,173           2,002
      June               3,375       9,575      7,520         2,055       6,200       4,861           1,339
      September            134       7,433      5,822         1,611       7,299       5,901           1,398
      December             809       8,181      6,508         1,673       7,372       5,951           1,421
  
1997  March             -1,448       7,650      5,630         2,020       9,098       6,986           2,112
      June               3,342       9,577      7,565         2,012       6,235       4,875           1,360
      September            346       7,809      6,149         1,660       7,463       5,885           1,578
      December             727       8,621      6,830         1,791       7,894       6,118           1,776
  
1998  March             -1,613       8,204      5,819         2,385       9,817       7,247           2,570
      June               3,543      10,266      7,823         2,443       6,723       5,129           1,594
      September            150       7,741      6,045         1,696       7,591       6,049           1,542
      December             774       8,474      6,873         1,601       7,700       6,109           1,591
  
1999  March             -2,032       8,186      5,881         2,305      10,218       7,621           2,597
      June               3,485      10,362      8,076         2,286       6,877       5,311           1,566
      September             62       8,023      6,317         1,706       7,961       6,278           1,683
      December           1,097       9,032      7,208         1,824       7,935       6,298           1,637
  
2000  March             -1,607       8,208      6,097         2,111       9,815       7,532           2,283
      June               3,443      10,307      8,269         2,038       6,864       5,385           1,479
      September           -332       7,917      6,285         1,632       8,249       6,583           1,666
      December             400       8,628      6,986         1,642       8,228       6,622           1,606
  
2001  March             -2,622       7,880      5,924         1,956      10,502       8,018           2,484
      June               2,173       9,735      7,671         2,064       7,562       5,936           1,626
      September         -1,734       7,040      5,519         1,521       8,774       7,023           1,751
      December            -828       7,795      6,147         1,648       8,623       7,026           1,597
  
2002  March             -2,363       7,506      5,512         1,994       9,869       7,560           2,309
      June               2,704       9,512      7,463         2,049       6,808       5,317           1,491
      September           -618       7,059      5,605         1,454       7,677       6,223           1,454
      December            -148       7,629      6,151         1,478       7,777       6,318           1,459
  
2003  March             -2,669       6,868      5,187         1,681       9,537       7,483           2,054
      June               2,537       8,985      7,230         1,755       6,448       5,093           1,355

  1 See footnote 1, table 1.
 
 
 
 

Table 3.  Private sector gross job gains and losses, as a percent of employment, (1) seasonally adjusted

(Percent)

                                                  Gross job gains                       Gross job losses
Year  3 months ended  Net change (2) Total    Expanding      Opening      Total     Contracting      Closing
                                           establishments establishments           establishments establishments

1992  September            0.3        8.1         6.2           1.9         7.8         6.0             1.8
      December             0.2        7.9         6.1           1.8         7.7         6.1             1.6
  
1993  March                0.6        8.3         6.1           2.2         7.7         5.9             1.8
      June                 0.8        8.1         6.4           1.7         7.3         5.8             1.5
      September            0.8        8.1         6.3           1.8         7.3         5.8             1.5
      December             0.8        8.1         6.4           1.7         7.3         5.8             1.5
  
1994  March                0.7        8.1         6.3           1.8         7.4         5.8             1.6
      June                 0.9        8.3         6.5           1.8         7.4         5.8             1.6
      September            1.1        8.3         6.5           1.8         7.2         5.8             1.4
      December             0.6        8.0         6.3           1.7         7.4         5.9             1.5
  
1995  March                0.8        8.1         6.4           1.7         7.3         5.9             1.4
      June                 0.3        7.9         6.2           1.7         7.6         6.1             1.5
      September            0.7        8.1         6.4           1.7         7.4         5.8             1.6
      December             0.5        8.2         6.4           1.8         7.7         6.1             1.6
  
1996  March                0.6        8.2         6.4           1.8         7.6         6.1             1.5
      June                 0.6        8.2         6.4           1.8         7.6         6.0             1.6
      September            0.6        8.2         6.3           1.9         7.6         6.0             1.6
      December             0.9        8.3         6.4           1.9         7.4         5.9             1.5
  
1997  March                0.8        8.2         6.4           1.8         7.4         5.8             1.6
      June                 0.6        8.0         6.3           1.7         7.4         5.8             1.6
      September            0.9        8.4         6.5           1.9         7.5         5.8             1.7
      December             0.6        8.4         6.5           1.9         7.8         5.9             1.9
  
1998  March                0.7        8.5         6.4           2.1         7.8         5.9             1.9
      June                 0.6        8.3         6.3           2.0         7.7         5.9             1.8
      September            0.8        8.2         6.3           1.9         7.4         5.8             1.6
      December             0.5        8.0         6.3           1.7         7.5         5.8             1.7
  
1999  March                0.4        8.3         6.3           2.0         7.9         6.1             1.8
      June                 0.6        8.3         6.4           1.9         7.7         6.0             1.7
      September            0.7        8.3         6.4           1.9         7.6         5.9             1.7
      December             0.9        8.4         6.5           1.9         7.5         5.8             1.7
  
2000  March                0.6        8.1         6.4           1.7         7.5         5.9             1.6
      June                 0.4        7.9         6.3           1.6         7.5         5.9             1.6
      September            0.3        8.0         6.3           1.7         7.7         6.0             1.7
      December             0.2        7.8         6.2           1.6         7.6         6.0             1.6
  
2001  March               -0.2        7.7         6.1           1.6         7.9         6.2             1.7
      June                -0.8        7.4         5.8           1.6         8.2         6.5             1.7
      September           -1.1        7.2         5.6           1.6         8.3         6.5             1.8
      December            -0.7        7.3         5.6           1.7         8.0         6.4             1.6
  
2002  March               -0.2        7.5         5.8           1.7         7.7         6.1             1.6
      June                 0.0        7.5         5.8           1.7         7.5         5.9             1.6
      September            0.1        7.4         5.8           1.6         7.3         5.8             1.5
      December            -0.1        7.2         5.7           1.5         7.3         5.8             1.5
  
2003  March               -0.5        6.9         5.5           1.4         7.4         5.9             1.5  
      June                -0.3        7.0         5.6           1.4         7.3         5.8             1.5

  1 The rates measure gross job gains and job losses as a percentage of the average of the previous and current employment.
  2 See footnote 1, table 1.

  
 
 
 
Table 4.  Private sector gross job gains and losses, as a percent of employment, (1) not seasonally adjusted

(Percent)

                                                  Gross job gains                       Gross job losses
Year  3 months ended  Net change (2) Total    Expanding      Opening      Total     Contracting      Closing
                                           establishments establishments           establishments establishments

1992  September            0.1        7.5         5.8           1.7         7.4         5.8             1.6
      December             0.2        7.8         6.2           1.6         7.6         6.2             1.4
  
1993  March               -1.8        7.7         5.3           2.4         9.5         7.1             2.4
      June                 3.7        9.7         7.7           2.0         6.0         4.7             1.3
      September            0.4        7.4         5.9           1.5         7.0         5.7             1.3
      December             0.6        7.9         6.4           1.5         7.3         5.9             1.4
  
1994  March               -1.7        7.4         5.5           1.9         9.1         7.0             2.1
      June                 3.9       10.0         7.8           2.2         6.1         4.7             1.4
      September            0.7        7.6         6.0           1.6         6.9         5.7             1.2
      December             0.5        7.9         6.4           1.5         7.4         6.0             1.4
  
1995  March               -1.5        7.5         5.6           1.9         9.0         7.1             1.9
      June                 3.2        9.5         7.5           2.0         6.3         5.0             1.3
      September            0.3        7.4         5.9           1.5         7.1         5.7             1.4
      December             0.5        8.1         6.5           1.6         7.6         6.1             1.5
  
1996  March               -2.0        7.5         5.6           1.9         9.5         7.4             2.1
      June                 3.5        9.8         7.7           2.1         6.3         4.9             1.4
      September            0.1        7.4         5.8           1.6         7.3         5.9             1.4
      December             0.9        8.2         6.5           1.7         7.3         5.9             1.4
  
1997  March               -1.5        7.6         5.6           2.0         9.1         7.0             2.1
      June                 3.4        9.5         7.5           2.0         6.1         4.8             1.3
      September            0.4        7.6         6.0           1.6         7.2         5.7             1.5
      December             0.7        8.3         6.6           1.7         7.6         5.9             1.7
  
1998  March               -1.6        7.9         5.6           2.3         9.5         7.0             2.5
      June                 3.4        9.8         7.5           2.3         6.4         4.9             1.5
      September            0.1        7.3         5.7           1.6         7.2         5.7             1.5
      December             0.8        8.0         6.5           1.5         7.2         5.7             1.5
  
1999  March               -1.9        7.8         5.6           2.2         9.7         7.2             2.5
      June                 3.2        9.7         7.6           2.1         6.5         5.0             1.5
      September            0.0        7.4         5.8           1.6         7.4         5.8             1.6
      December             1.0        8.3         6.6           1.7         7.3         5.8             1.5
  
2000  March               -1.5        7.5         5.6           1.9         9.0         6.9             2.1
      June                 3.2        9.5         7.6           1.9         6.3         4.9             1.4
      September           -0.2        7.2         5.7           1.5         7.4         5.9             1.5
      December             0.4        7.8         6.3           1.5         7.4         6.0             1.4
  
2001  March               -2.4        7.2         5.4           1.8         9.6         7.3             2.3
      June                 2.0        8.9         7.0           1.9         6.9         5.4             1.5
      September           -1.6        6.4         5.0           1.4         8.0         6.4             1.6
      December            -0.8        7.2         5.7           1.5         8.0         6.5             1.5
  
2002  March               -2.2        7.1         5.2           1.9         9.3         7.1             2.2
      June                 2.5        8.9         7.0           1.9         6.4         5.0             1.4
      September           -0.6        6.5         5.2           1.3         7.1         5.8             1.3
      December            -0.2        7.1         5.7           1.4         7.3         5.9             1.4
  
2003  March               -2.4        6.5         4.9           1.6         8.9         7.0             1.9
      June                 2.4        8.5         6.8           1.7         6.1         4.8             1.3

  1 See footnote 1, table 3.
  2 See footnote 1, table 1.
   
 
 
 

Table 5.  Number of private sector establishments by direction of employment change, seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

                                            Establishments gaining jobs            Establishments losing jobs
Year  3 months ended  Net change (1) Total    Expanding      Opening       Total    Contracting       Closing
                                           establishments establishments          establishments   establishments

1992  September             11       1,576      1,287           289        1,541      1,263             278
      December              24       1,591      1,294           297        1,534      1,261             273
  
1993  March                 32       1,614      1,310           304        1,537      1,265             272
      June                  26       1,631      1,337           294        1,521      1,253             268
      September             37       1,647      1,348           299        1,530      1,268             262
      December              23       1,655      1,365           290        1,544      1,277             267
  
1994  March                 13       1,644      1,356           288        1,576      1,301             275
      June                  29       1,700      1,390           310        1,570      1,289             281
      September             38       1,715      1,404           311        1,579      1,306             273
      December              13       1,693      1,394           299        1,613      1,327             286
  
1995  March                 31       1,717      1,411           306        1,616      1,341             275
      June                  26       1,697      1,390           307        1,640      1,359             281
      September              7       1,715      1,412           303        1,649      1,353             296
      December              23       1,726      1,409           317        1,656      1,362             294
  
1996  March                 15       1,736      1,424           312        1,663      1,366             297
      June                  22       1,745      1,426           319        1,674      1,377             297
      September             36       1,762      1,432           330        1,675      1,381             294
      December              35       1,787      1,455           332        1,673      1,376             297
  
1997  March                 31       1,801      1,471           330        1,683      1,384             299
      June                  18       1,783      1,463           320        1,702      1,400             302
      September             17       1,810      1,482           328        1,706      1,395             311
      December               9       1,818      1,482           336        1,736      1,409             327
  
1998  March                 19       1,814      1,469           345        1,738      1,412             326
      June                  56       1,841      1,487           354        1,706      1,408             298
      September             22       1,824      1,488           336        1,744      1,430             314
      December               2       1,831      1,512           319        1,730      1,413             317
  
1999  March                 11       1,827      1,493           334        1,766      1,443             323
      June                  -1       1,847      1,506           341        1,785      1,443             342
      September             16       1,860      1,510           350        1,783      1,449             334
      December              36       1,903      1,539           364        1,758      1,430             328
  
2000  March                 24       1,882      1,525           357        1,810      1,477             333
      June                  20       1,876      1,526           350        1,819      1,489             330
      September             23       1,879      1,520           359        1,821      1,485             336
      December              12       1,863      1,512           351        1,831      1,492             339
  
2001  March                  5       1,849      1,502           347        1,841      1,499             342
      June                  -3       1,811      1,473           338        1,861      1,520             341
      September             -8       1,774      1,435           339        1,878      1,531             347
      December               6       1,775      1,429           346        1,856      1,516             340
  
2002  March                  4       1,786      1,444           342        1,834      1,496             338
      June                   6       1,794      1,447           347        1,825      1,484             341
      September             38       1,805      1,460           345        1,781      1,474             307
      December              12       1,798      1,453           345        1,809      1,476             333

2003  March                 -4       1,756      1,420           336        1,859      1,519             340 
      June                  -5       1,783      1,451           332        1,802      1,465             337

  1 Net change is the difference between the number of opening establishments and the number of closing establishments.
   
 
 
 



Table 6.  Number of private sector establishments by direction of employment change, not seasonally adjusted

(In thousands)

                                            Establishments gaining jobs           Establishments losing jobs
Year  3 months ended  Net change (1) Total    Expanding      Opening       Total   Contracting       Closing
                                           establishments establishments         establishments   establishments

1992  September             15       1,497      1,235           262        1,581      1,334             247
      December              37       1,577      1,282           295        1,514      1,256             258
  
1993  March                -61       1,481      1,189           292        1,735      1,382             353
      June                 103       1,857      1,522           335        1,304      1,072             232
      September             37       1,565      1,295           270        1,572      1,339             233
      December              36       1,643      1,354           289        1,525      1,272             253
  
1994  March                -79       1,513      1,236           277        1,774      1,418             356
      June                 110       1,928      1,575           353        1,349      1,106             243
      September             36       1,630      1,350           280        1,623      1,379             244
      December              27       1,683      1,384           299        1,594      1,322             272
  
1995  March                -61       1,585      1,291           294        1,812      1,457             355
      June                 108       1,925      1,575           350        1,414      1,172             242
      September              6       1,627      1,355           272        1,694      1,428             266
      December              38       1,720      1,402           318        1,636      1,356             280
  
1996  March                -82       1,605      1,304           301        1,864      1,481             383
      June                 108       1,975      1,612           363        1,446      1,191             255
      September             29       1,664      1,370           294        1,726      1,461             265
      December              52       1,787      1,451           336        1,650      1,366             284
  
1997  March                -67       1,669      1,351           318        1,884      1,499             385
      June                 105       2,014      1,651           363        1,470      1,212             258
      September              9       1,706      1,415           291        1,761      1,479             282
      December              31       1,823      1,481           342        1,706      1,395             311
  
1998  March                -85       1,682      1,348           334        1,949      1,530             419
      June                 145       2,077      1,678           399        1,472      1,218             254
      September              9       1,713      1,416           297        1,808      1,520             288
      December              29       1,842      1,514           328        1,695      1,396             299
  
1999  March                -92       1,695      1,372           323        1,978      1,563             415
      June                  93       2,083      1,700           383        1,540      1,250             290
      September             -4       1,742      1,434           308        1,854      1,542             312
      December              70       1,917      1,541           376        1,719      1,413             306
  
2000  March                -82       1,751      1,406           345        2,022      1,595             427
      June                 114       2,113      1,721           392        1,570      1,292             278
      September             -5       1,757      1,442           315        1,901      1,581             320
      December              53       1,878      1,512           366        1,791      1,478             313
  
2001  March               -104       1,720      1,386           334        2,050      1,612             438
      June                  91       2,045      1,668           377        1,607      1,321             286
      September            -38       1,654      1,357           297        1,964      1,629             335
      December              50       1,788      1,426           362        1,819      1,507             312
  
2002  March               -102       1,659      1,330           329        2,034      1,603             431
      June                 101       2,029      1,642           387        1,577      1,291             286
      September              4       1,685      1,383           302        1,865      1,567             298
      December              58       1,811      1,448           363        1,776      1,471             305
  
2003  March               -113       1,621      1,300           321        2,075      1,641             434
      June                  86       2,021      1,652           369        1,558      1,275             283

  1 See footnote 1, table 5.
   
 
 
 

Table 7.  Private sector establishments by direction of employment change, as a percent of total establishments, (1)
seasonally adjusted

(Percent)

                                            Establishments gaining jobs            Establishments losing jobs
Year  3 months ended  Net change (2) Total    Expanding      Opening       Total    Contracting       Closing
                                           establishments establishments          establishments   establishments
                                                                                  
1992  September            0.2        29.5       24.1           5.4         28.8       23.6             5.2
      December             0.4        29.6       24.1           5.5         28.6       23.5             5.1
  
1993  March                0.6        29.8       24.2           5.6         28.4       23.4             5.0
      June                 0.5        29.9       24.5           5.4         27.9       23.0             4.9
      September            0.6        30.0       24.6           5.4         27.9       23.1             4.8
      December             0.4        29.9       24.7           5.2         27.9       23.1             4.8
  
1994  March                0.2        29.6       24.4           5.2         28.4       23.4             5.0
      June                 0.6        30.5       24.9           5.6         28.1       23.1             5.0
      September            0.6        30.5       25.0           5.5         28.2       23.3             4.9
      December             0.2        30.0       24.7           5.3         28.6       23.5             5.1
  
1995  March                0.6        30.3       24.9           5.4         28.4       23.6             4.8
      June                 0.5        29.7       24.3           5.4         28.7       23.8             4.9
      September            0.1        29.9       24.6           5.3         28.8       23.6             5.2
      December             0.4        30.0       24.5           5.5         28.8       23.7             5.1
  
1996  March                0.3        30.0       24.6           5.4         28.7       23.6             5.1
      June                 0.4        30.1       24.6           5.5         28.8       23.7             5.1
      September            0.7        30.2       24.5           5.7         28.6       23.6             5.0
      December             0.5        30.4       24.8           5.6         28.5       23.4             5.1
  
1997  March                0.5        30.5       24.9           5.6         28.5       23.4             5.1
      June                 0.3        30.0       24.6           5.4         28.7       23.6             5.1
      September            0.3        30.3       24.8           5.5         28.6       23.4             5.2
      December             0.1        30.4       24.8           5.6         29.0       23.5             5.5
  
1998  March                0.3        30.2       24.5           5.7         28.9       23.5             5.4
      June                 1.0        30.5       24.6           5.9         28.2       23.3             4.9
      September            0.3        30.0       24.5           5.5         28.7       23.5             5.2
      December             0.0        30.0       24.8           5.2         28.4       23.2             5.2
  
1999  March                0.2        29.9       24.4           5.5         28.9       23.6             5.3
      June                 0.0        30.2       24.6           5.6         29.2       23.6             5.6
      September            0.3        30.3       24.6           5.7         29.0       23.6             5.4
      December             0.6        30.9       25.0           5.9         28.5       23.2             5.3
  
2000  March                0.4        30.4       24.6           5.8         29.2       23.8             5.4
      June                 0.3        30.1       24.5           5.6         29.2       23.9             5.3
      September            0.3        30.0       24.3           5.7         29.1       23.7             5.4
      December             0.2        29.7       24.1           5.6         29.2       23.8             5.4
  
2001  March                0.1        29.4       23.9           5.5         29.2       23.8             5.4
      June                 0.0        28.8       23.4           5.4         29.5       24.1             5.4
      September           -0.1        28.2       22.8           5.4         29.8       24.3             5.5
      December             0.1        28.2       22.7           5.5         29.5       24.1             5.4
  
2002  March                0.0        28.3       22.9           5.4         29.1       23.7             5.4
      June                 0.1        28.4       22.9           5.5         28.8       23.4             5.4
      September            0.6        28.4       23.0           5.4         28.0       23.2             4.8
      December             0.2        28.2       22.8           5.4         28.3       23.1             5.2
   
2003  March                0.0        27.5       22.2           5.3         29.0       23.7             5.3
      June                -0.1        27.8       22.6           5.2         28.2       22.9             5.3

  1 The rates measure establishments gaining or losing jobs as a percentage of the average of previous and current quarter
total number of establishments.
  2 See footnote 1, table 5.




   
Table 8.  Private sector establishments by direction of employment change, as percent of total establishments, (1)
not seasonally adjusted

(Percent)

                                            Establishments gaining jobs           Establishments losing jobs
Year  3 months ended  Net change (2) Total    Expanding      Opening       Total   Contracting       Closing
                                           establishments establishments         establishments   establishments

1992  September            0.3        27.9       23.0           4.9         29.4       24.8             4.6
      December             0.7        29.2       23.7           5.5         28.1       23.3             4.8
  
1993  March               -1.2        27.5       22.1           5.4         32.3       25.7             6.6
      June                 1.9        34.3       28.1           6.2         24.1       19.8             4.3
      September            0.7        28.4       23.5           4.9         28.5       24.3             4.2
      December             0.6        29.6       24.4           5.2         27.5       22.9             4.6
  
1994  March               -1.4        27.4       22.4           5.0         32.0       25.6             6.4
      June                 2.0        34.8       28.4           6.4         24.3       19.9             4.4
      September            0.7        28.9       23.9           5.0         28.8       24.5             4.3
      December             0.5        29.7       24.4           5.3         28.1       23.3             4.8
  
1995  March               -1.1        28.0       22.8           5.2         32.1       25.8             6.3
      June                 1.9        33.9       27.7           6.2         24.9       20.6             4.3
      September            0.1        28.2       23.5           4.7         29.4       24.8             4.6
      December             0.7        29.8       24.3           5.5         28.3       23.5             4.8
  
1996  March               -1.5        27.8       22.6           5.2         32.4       25.7             6.7
      June                 1.9        34.2       27.9           6.3         25.0       20.6             4.4
      September            0.5        28.4       23.4           5.0         29.4       24.9             4.5
      December             0.9        30.3       24.6           5.7         27.9       23.1             4.8
  
1997  March               -1.1        28.3       22.9           5.4         31.9       25.4             6.5
      June                 1.7        34.0       27.9           6.1         24.9       20.5             4.4
      September            0.2        28.5       23.6           4.9         29.4       24.7             4.7
      December             0.5        30.3       24.6           5.7         28.4       23.2             5.2
  
1998  March               -1.4        28.1       22.5           5.6         32.6       25.6             7.0
      June                 2.4        34.5       27.9           6.6         24.4       20.2             4.2
      September            0.2        28.1       23.2           4.9         29.6       24.9             4.7
      December             0.5        30.1       24.7           5.4         27.7       22.8             4.9
  
1999  March               -1.5        27.8       22.5           5.3         32.4       25.6             6.8
      June                 1.5        34.2       27.9           6.3         25.3       20.5             4.8
      September           -0.1        28.3       23.3           5.0         30.2       25.1             5.1
      December             1.2        31.0       24.9           6.1         27.7       22.8             4.9
  
2000  March               -1.3        28.3       22.7           5.6         32.7       25.8             6.9
      June                 1.8        34.0       27.7           6.3         25.3       20.8             4.5
      September           -0.1        28.0       23.0           5.0         30.3       25.2             5.1
      December             0.8        29.8       24.0           5.8         28.5       23.5             5.0
  
2001  March               -1.7        27.4       22.1           5.3         32.7       25.7             7.0
      June                 1.4        32.6       26.6           6.0         25.7       21.1             4.6
      September           -0.6        26.2       21.5           4.7         31.1       25.8             5.3
      December             0.8        28.3       22.6           5.7         28.7       23.8             4.9
  
2002  March               -1.6        26.3       21.1           5.2         32.3       25.5             6.8
      June                 1.6        32.1       26.0           6.1         25.0       20.5             4.5
      September            0.0        26.4       21.7           4.7         29.3       24.6             4.7
      December             0.9        28.3       22.6           5.7         27.8       23.0             4.8
  
2003  March               -1.8        25.4       20.4           5.0         32.5       25.7             6.8
      June                 1.4        31.7       25.9           5.8         24.4       20.0             4.4

  1 See footnote 1, table 7.
  2 See footnote 1, table 5.