For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, March 19, 2020 USDL-20-0452

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

(NOTE: Population controls used in the weighting of state data for veterans and nonveterans in 

tables 6A and 6B of the Employment Situation of Veterans 2019 news release were incorrect. All 

differences were minor and not statistically significant, and have been corrected as of April 22, 

2020.) 

EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VETERANS — 2019 

The unemployment rate for veterans who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces at any time 

since September 2001—a group referred to as Gulf War-era II veterans—was 3.5 percent in 2019, little 

changed from 2018, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The jobless rate for all veterans 

declined in 2019 to 3.1 percent. In August 2019, 41 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans had a serviceconnected disability, compared with 25 percent of all veterans. 

This information was obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample survey of 

about 60,000 eligible households that provides data on employment, unemployment, and persons not in 

the labor force in the United States. Data about veterans are collected monthly in the CPS; these monthly 

data are the source of the 2019 annual averages presented in this news release. In August 2019, a 

supplement to the CPS collected additional information about veterans on topics such as serviceconnected disability and veterans' current or past Reserve or National Guard membership. Information 

from the supplement is also presented in this news release. The supplement was co-sponsored by the 

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and 

Training Service. For more information, see the Technical Note in this news release. 

Highlights from the 2019 data: 

• The unemployment rate for male veterans declined to 3.0 percent in 2019, and the rate for female 

veterans (3.7 percent) changed little over the year. The unemployment rate for male veterans was 

not statistically different from the rate for female veterans. (See table A.)

• Among the 284,000 unemployed veterans in 2019, 56 percent were ages 25 to 54, 39 percent 

were age 55 and over, and 5 percent were ages 18 to 24. (See table 2A.) 

• Veterans with a service-connected disability had an unemployment rate of 4.8 percent in August 

2019, not statistically different from the rate for veterans with no disability (3.7 percent). (See 

table 7.) 
- 2 - 

• Gulf War-era II veterans who reported a service-connected disability rating of less than 30 

percent were much more likely to be in the labor force than those with a rating of 60 percent or 

higher (92.2 percent, compared with 61.2 percent in August 2019). (See table 7.) 

• In August 2019, 31 percent of employed veterans with a service-connected disability worked in 

the public sector, compared with 17 percent of veterans with no disability and 13 percent of 

nonveterans. (See table 8.)

• In 2019, the unemployment rate of veterans varied across the country, ranging from 0.9 percent 

in Maryland to 6.1 percent in Montana. (See table 6A.)

The Veteran Population

In 2019, 18.8 million men and women were veterans, accounting for about 8 percent of the civilian 

noninstitutional population age 18 and over. Of all veterans, 1 in 10 were women. In the survey, 

veterans are defined as men and women who have previously served on active duty in the U.S. Armed 

Forces and who were civilians at the time these data were collected. Veterans are much more likely to be 

men than are nonveterans, and they also tend to be older. In part, this reflects the characteristics of 

veterans who served during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era, all of whom are now 

over 60 years old. Veterans who served during these wartime periods accounted for 38 percent (7.2 

million) of the total veteran population in 2019. Thirty-nine percent of veterans (7.4 million) served 

during Gulf War-era I (August 1990 to August 2001) or Gulf War-era II (September 2001 to present). 

Twenty-two percent (4.2 million) served outside the designated wartime periods. (See tables 1 and 2A.) 

Gulf War-era II Veterans

In 2019, there were 4.3 million veterans who had served during Gulf War-era II (September 2001 to 

present). Seventeen percent of these veterans were women, compared with 3.5 percent of veterans from 

World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era. About two-thirds of all Gulf War-era II veterans 

were between the ages of 25 and 44. (See tables 1 and 2A.) 

Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate for men (3.4 percent) was lower than the rate 

for women (4.7 percent) in 2019. The unemployment rates for men and women were little changed over 

the year. (See table A.)

In 2019, the unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era II veterans, at 3.4 percent, was little different 

from the rate for male nonveterans, at 3.7 percent. Among men ages 25 to 34, Gulf War-era II veterans 

had a lower unemployment rate (3.1 percent) than did nonveterans (3.8 percent). Among men ages 35 to 

44, however, Gulf War-era II veterans had a higher unemployment rate (3.6 percent) than did 

nonveterans (2.5 percent). (See table 2B.) 

The unemployment rate for female Gulf War-era II veterans was 4.7 percent in 2019, higher than the 

rate for female nonveterans (3.5 percent). By age, unemployment rates for female Gulf War-era II 

veterans and nonveterans were not statistically different, with one exception: 35- to 44-year-old female 

Gulf War-era II veterans had a rate of 5.0 percent, higher than the rate of 2.9 percent for their nonveteran 

counterparts. (See table 2C.) 
- 3 - 

Employed Gulf War-era II veterans were about twice as likely to work in the public sector in 2019 as 

employed nonveterans—25 percent and 13 percent, respectively. Among the employed, 15 percent of 

Gulf War-era II veterans worked for the federal government, compared with 2 percent of nonveterans. 

(See table 5.)

In August 2019, 42 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans reported serving in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both 

locations. These veterans had an unemployment rate of 4.5 percent, little different from the rate for Gulf 

War-era II veterans who served elsewhere (4.8 percent). (See table 10.)

Gulf War-era I Veterans

In 2019, of the 3.1 million veterans who served during Gulf War-era I (August 1990 to August 2001), 

the proportion who were women (16 percent) was similar to that of Gulf War-era II veterans (17

percent). All Gulf War-era I veterans were age 35 and over in 2019, compared with 57 percent of Gulf 

War-era II veterans. Nearly half of Gulf War-era I veterans were ages 45 to 54, 22 percent were ages 35 

to 44, 22 percent were ages 55 to 64, and 10 percent were age 65 and over. (See tables 1 and 2A.) 

In 2019, the unemployment rates for male and female Gulf War-era I veterans were little different (2.7 

percent and 2.0 percent, respectively). The rates for male and female Gulf War-era I veterans were lower 

than those of their Gulf War-era II counterparts, at 3.4 percent for male Gulf War-era II veterans and 4.7 

percent for female Gulf War-era II veterans. The difference in unemployment rates reflects, at least in 

part, the older age profile of veterans who served during Gulf War-era I. Younger people—whether 

veterans or nonveterans—tend to have higher unemployment rates than older people. (See tables 2B and 

2C.) 

Veterans of Other Service Periods 

In 2019, 4.2 million veterans had served on active duty during "other service periods," mainly between 

the Korean War and the Vietnam era and between the Vietnam era and Gulf War-era I. All veterans 

from this period of service were age 45 and over at the time of the survey. Thirteen percent of these 

veterans were ages 45 to 54 in 2019, 48 percent were ages 55 to 64, and 39 percent were age 65 and 

over. (See table 2A.) 

In 2019, 1 in 10 veterans of other service periods were women. Among veterans of other service periods, 

the unemployment rate for men (2.8 percent) was not statistically different from the rate for women (3.9 

percent). The rate for men declined over the year, while the rate for women was little different. (See 

table 1.) 

Veterans with a Service-connected Disability

In August 2019, 4.7 million veterans, or 25 percent of the total, had a service-connected disability. 

Veterans with a service-connected disability are assigned a disability rating by the U.S. Department of 

Veterans Affairs or the U.S. Department of Defense. Ratings range from 0 to 100 percent, in increments 

of 10 percentage points, depending on the severity of the condition. (See table 7.) 

The unemployment rate for veterans with a service-connected disability was 4.8 percent in August 2019, 

not statistically different from the rate for veterans with no disability (3.7 percent). The labor force 

participation rate for veterans with a service-connected disability (47.5 percent) was also not statistically 

different from the rate for veterans with no disability (48.1 percent). 
- 4 - 

Among veterans with a service-connected disability, 26 percent reported a disability rating of less than 

30 percent, while another 44 percent had a rating of 60 percent or higher. In August 2019, veterans with 

a service-connected disability rating of less than 30 percent were much more likely to be in the labor 

force than those with a rating of 60 percent or higher (53.8 percent and 40.8 percent, respectively). The 

unemployment rate for veterans with a disability rating of less than 30 percent was 3.0 percent, lower 

than the rate for those with a disability rating of 60 percent or higher (8.6 percent). 

Among veterans who served during Gulf War-era II, 41 percent (1.8 million) reported a serviceconnected disability in August 2019. In August 2019, 72.7 percent of all Gulf War-era II veterans with a 

service-connected disability were in the labor force, lower than the 84.8 percent for veterans from this 

period with no service-connected disability. Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate 

for those with a service-connected disability was 5.5 percent, not statistically different from those with 

no disability (4.4 percent). 

Among Gulf War-era II veterans with a service-connected disability, 17 percent reported a disability 

rating of less than 30 percent and another 55 percent reported a disability rating of 60 percent or higher 

in August 2019. Gulf War-era II veterans who reported a disability rating of less than 30 percent were 

much more likely to be in the labor force than those with a rating of 60 percent or higher (92.2 percent, 

compared with 61.2 percent). The unemployment rate for veterans with a disability rating of less than 30 

percent was 2.3 percent in August 2019, much lower than the rate for those with a disability rating of 60 

percent or higher (9.4 percent). 

In August 2019, 26 percent (768,000) of veterans who served during Gulf War-era I reported a serviceconnected disability. Their labor force participation rate (62.6 percent) was lower than the rate for 

veterans who did not have a disability (81.4 percent). The unemployment rate for Gulf War-era I 

veterans with a service-connected disability (2.5 percent) was not statistically different from that for 

Gulf War-era I veterans without a service-connected disability (3.4 percent). 

Fifteen percent (641,000) of veterans who served during other service periods reported a serviceconnected disability in August 2019. The labor force participation rate of these veterans (38.2 percent) 

was lower than their counterparts without a service-connected disability (47.0 percent), while the 

unemployment rates were not statistically different for veterans with a service-connected disability (5.1 

percent) and those with no disability (3.6 percent). 

Regardless of period of service, many veterans with a service-connected disability worked in the public 

sector. In August 2019, 31 percent of employed veterans with a disability worked in federal, state, or 

local government, compared with 17 percent of veterans with no disability and 13 percent of 

nonveterans. Twenty percent of employed veterans with a disability worked for the federal government, 

compared with 8 percent of veterans with no disability and 2 percent of nonveterans. (See table 8.) 

Reserve and National Guard Membership 

In August 2019, one-third of Gulf War-era veterans (August 1990 to present) were current or past 

members of the Reserve or National Guard. The labor force participation rate was higher for veterans 

who were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard (81.9 percent) than for veterans 

who were never members (76.6 percent). Among Gulf War-era veterans, those who were current or past 

members of the Reserve or National Guard had an unemployment rate (4.7 percent), not statistically 

different from that for those who had never been members (3.9 percent). (See table 9.) 
Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 18 years and over by veteran status,

period of service, and sex, 2018-2019 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status and period of service

2018 2019

Total Men Women Total Men Women

TOTAL VETERANS

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 19,201 17,335 1,866 18,822 16,938 1,884

Civilian labor force.................................................. 9,453 8,320 1,133 9,270 8,169 1,101

Participation rate.................................................. 49.2 48.0 60.7 49.2 48.2 58.4

Employed.......................................................... 9,127 8,027 1,099 8,986 7,926 1,060

Employment-population ratio................................. 47.5 46.3 58.9 47.7 46.8 56.2

Unemployed....................................................... 326 292 34 284 243 41

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.7

Not in labor force.................................................... 9,748 9,015 732 9,552 8,769 784

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 4,149 3,444 704 4,328 3,602 726

Civilian labor force.................................................. 3,358 2,853 505 3,468 2,974 495

Participation rate.................................................. 80.9 82.8 71.7 80.1 82.6 68.1

Employed.......................................................... 3,229 2,742 487 3,345 2,874 471

Employment-population ratio................................. 77.8 79.6 69.1 77.3 79.8 64.9

Unemployed....................................................... 129 111 18 123 100 23

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.8 3.9 3.5 3.5 3.4 4.7

Not in labor force.................................................... 791 592 200 860 628 232

NONVETERANS

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 229,673 102,817 126,857 231,555 103,960 127,595

Civilian labor force.................................................. 150,489 76,774 73,715 152,188 77,491 74,697

Participation rate.................................................. 65.5 74.7 58.1 65.7 74.5 58.5

Employed.......................................................... 144,797 73,824 70,972 146,763 74,655 72,107

Employment-population ratio................................. 63.0 71.8 55.9 63.4 71.8 56.5

Unemployed....................................................... 5,693 2,950 2,743 5,425 2,835 2,590

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.5

Not in labor force.................................................... 79,184 26,043 53,141 79,367 26,469 52,898

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf

War-era II veterans served on active duty anywhere in the world sometime since September 2001. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Effective with data for November 2017, estimates for veterans incorporate population controls derived from an updated

Department of Veterans Affairs population model.
Technical Note

The data in this release were collected through the 

Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS—a monthly 

survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by 

the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor 

Statistics—obtains information on employment and 

unemployment among the nation's civilian noninstitutional 

population age 16 and over.

Most of the data in this release are annual averages, 

compiled from the results of the monthly survey. In 

August, a supplement to the CPS collected additional 

information about veterans on topics such as serviceconnected disability, veterans' Reserve or National Guard 

status, and veterans who served in Iraq and/or Afghanistan. 

The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department 

of Veterans Affairs and by the U.S. Department of Labor's 

Veterans' Employment and Training Service. Questions 

were asked of persons 17 years of age and older regarding 

their prior service in the U.S. Armed Forces. Data are 

tabulated for persons 18 years of age and older.

 Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Definitions

The definitions underlying the data in this release are 

as follows:

Veterans are men and women who previously served 

on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who were 

civilians at the time they were surveyed. Members of the 

Reserve and National Guard are counted as veterans if they 

had ever been called to active duty. Persons who are on 

active duty at the time of the survey are outside the scope 

of the survey and thus not in the estimates shown here, as 

are persons who reside in institutions, such as nursing 

homes and prisons.

 

Nonveterans are men and women who never served 

on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.

 

World War II, Korean War, Vietnam-era, and Gulf 

War-era veterans are men and women who served in the 

U.S. Armed Forces during these periods of service, 

regardless of where in the world they served. Veterans who 

served in more than one wartime period are classified in 

the most recent one.

 Veterans of other service periods are men and women 

who served in the U.S. Armed Forces at any time other than 

World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, or the 

Gulf War era. Although U.S. Armed Forces were engaged 

in several armed conflicts during other service periods, 

these conflicts were more limited in scope and included a 

smaller proportion of the Armed Forces than the selected 

wartime periods. Veterans who served during one of the 

selected wartime periods and during another period are 

classified in the wartime period.

 

Veteran status is obtained from responses to the 

question, "Did you ever serve on active duty in the U.S. 

Armed Forces?"

 

Period of service identifies when a veteran served in 

the Armed Forces, but not the location of their service. It is 

obtained from answers to the question asked of veterans, 

"When did you serve on active duty in the U.S. Armed 

Forces?" The following service periods are identified:

 

 Gulf War era II — September 2001-present

 Gulf War era I — August 1990-August 2001

 Vietnam era — August 1964-April 1975

 Korean War — July 1950-January 1955

 World War II — December 1941-December 1946

 Other service periods — All other time periods

 

Veterans could have served anywhere in the world 

during these periods of service. Veterans are counted only 

in one period of service, their most recent wartime period. 

Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are 

classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in 

both a wartime period and any other service period are 

classified in the wartime period. The period-of-service 

definitions are modified occasionally to reflect changes in 

law, regulations, and program needs of the survey 

sponsors.

 

Veterans who served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both are 

individuals who served in Iraq at any time since March 

2003, in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, or in 

both locations. Service in Iraq or Afghanistan is 

determined by answers to two questions: "Did you serve in 

Iraq, off the coast of Iraq, or did you fly missions over Iraq 

at any time since March 2003?" and "Did you serve in 

Afghanistan, or did you fly missions over Afghanistan, at 

any time since October 2001?"

 Presence of service-connected disability is 

determined by answers to the question, "Has the 

Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) or Department of 

Defense (DoD) determined that you have a serviceconnected disability, that is, a health condition or 

impairment caused or made worse by any of your military 

service?"

 

Service-connected disability rating is based on 

answers to the question, "What is your current serviceconnected disability rating?" Answers can range from 0 to 
100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points. Ratings 

are determined by the VA or DoD from a rating schedule 

published in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 38, 

"Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief," Part 4—

"Schedule for Rating Disabilities." The rating schedule is 

"primarily a guide in the evaluation of disability resulting 

from all types of diseases and injuries encountered as a 

result of or incident to military service. The percentage 

ratings represent as far as can practicably be determined the 

average impairment in earning capacity resulting from 

such diseases and injuries and their residual conditions in 

civil occupations." Part 4 contains a listing of hundreds of 

possible disorders and assigns ratings of 0 through 100 

percent, with instructions for rating multiple disorders.

 

Reserve and National Guard membership refers only 

to Gulf War-era veterans who are current or past members 

of the Reserve or National Guard. Members of the Reserve 

and National Guard are counted as veterans if they had ever 

been called to active duty. These data do not refer to all 

persons who may have ever served in the Reserve or 

National Guard. Reserve or National Guard status is 

obtained from answers to two questions. Gulf War-era 

veterans were asked: "Was any of your active service the 

result of a call-up from the Reserve or National Guard?" If 

the answer was no, they were asked, "Have you ever been 

a member of the Reserve or National Guard?" A 'yes' 

response to either question classified persons as "Current 

or past member of the Reserve or National Guard." A 'no' 

response to the latter question classified persons as "Never 

a member of the Reserve or National Guard."

Reliability of the estimates

 Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both 

sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather 

than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance 

that the sample estimates will differ from the true 

population values they represent. The component of this 

difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is 

known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by 

the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard 

errors from the true population value because of sampling 

error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence.

 The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. 

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including 

the failure to sample a segment of the population, the 

inability to obtain information for all respondents in the 

sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information, and errors made in the 

collection or processing of the data.

 Information about the reliability of national data 

from the CPS and estimating standard errors is available at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

 For a discussion of the reliability of state estimates 

from the CPS, such as those in tables 6A and 6B of this 

release, see 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/geographic-profile/home.htm

Comparability of estimates

Effective with data for November 2017, estimates for 

veterans incorporate population controls derived from an 

updated Department of Veterans Affairs’ population 

model. In accordance with usual practice, BLS did not 

revise estimates for previous years. Information about the 

updated veteran population model is available from the 

Department of Veterans Affairs at 

https://www.va.gov/vetdata/docs/Demographics/New_Vet

pop_Model/Vetpop16_Overview.pdf. 
Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2019 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, period of service,

sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

force Total

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor

force

TOTAL

Total, 18 years and over................................. 250,377 161,458 64.5 155,749 62.2 5,709 3.5 88,919

Veterans................................................. 18,822 9,270 49.2 8,986 47.7 284 3.1 9,552

Gulf War era, total.................................. 7,399 5,808 78.5 5,624 76.0 183 3.2 1,591

Gulf War era II.................................... 4,328 3,468 80.1 3,345 77.3 123 3.5 860

Gulf War era I..................................... 3,070 2,339 76.2 2,279 74.2 60 2.6 731

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 7,213 1,479 20.5 1,437 19.9 42 2.8 5,735

Other service periods............................... 4,210 1,983 47.1 1,925 45.7 59 3.0 2,227

Nonveterans............................................ 231,555 152,188 65.7 146,763 63.4 5,425 3.6 79,367

Men

Total, 18 years and over................................. 120,898 85,660 70.9 82,582 68.3 3,078 3.6 35,238

Veterans................................................. 16,938 8,169 48.2 7,926 46.8 243 3.0 8,769

Gulf War era, total.................................. 6,170 4,968 80.5 4,815 78.0 153 3.1 1,202

Gulf War era II.................................... 3,602 2,974 82.6 2,874 79.8 100 3.4 628

Gulf War era I..................................... 2,568 1,994 77.6 1,941 75.6 53 2.7 574

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 6,964 1,425 20.5 1,386 19.9 39 2.7 5,539

Other service periods............................... 3,803 1,776 46.7 1,726 45.4 51 2.8 2,027

Nonveterans............................................ 103,960 77,491 74.5 74,655 71.8 2,835 3.7 26,469

Women

Total, 18 years and over................................. 129,479 75,798 58.5 73,167 56.5 2,631 3.5 53,681

Veterans................................................. 1,884 1,101 58.4 1,060 56.2 41 3.7 784

Gulf War era, total.................................. 1,228 840 68.4 810 65.9 30 3.6 389

Gulf War era II.................................... 726 495 68.1 471 64.9 23 4.7 232

Gulf War era I..................................... 502 345 68.7 338 67.4 7 2.0 157

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 249 54 21.6 51 20.4 3 5.4 195

Other service periods............................... 407 207 50.9 199 49.0 8 3.9 200

Nonveterans............................................ 127,595 74,697 58.5 72,107 56.5 2,590 3.5 52,898

White

Total, 18 years and over................................. 194,408 124,956 64.3 121,012 62.2 3,944 3.2 69,453

Veterans................................................. 15,580 7,466 47.9 7,260 46.6 206 2.8 8,114

Gulf War era, total.................................. 5,710 4,533 79.4 4,406 77.2 127 2.8 1,177

Gulf War era II.................................... 3,313 2,692 81.3 2,612 78.8 81 3.0 621

Gulf War era I..................................... 2,397 1,841 76.8 1,794 74.9 46 2.5 557

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 6,379 1,308 20.5 1,274 20.0 35 2.6 5,071

Other service periods............................... 3,491 1,624 46.5 1,580 45.3 44 2.7 1,867

Nonveterans............................................ 178,828 117,490 65.7 113,752 63.6 3,738 3.2 61,338

Black or African American

Total, 18 years and over................................. 31,764 20,431 64.3 19,232 60.5 1,199 5.9 11,333

Veterans................................................. 2,322 1,272 54.8 1,210 52.1 62 4.9 1,049

Gulf War era, total.................................. 1,173 882 75.2 837 71.3 45 5.1 291

Gulf War era II.................................... 677 512 75.7 477 70.5 35 6.8 165

Gulf War era I..................................... 495 369 74.6 359 72.5 10 2.8 126

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 586 103 17.6 97 16.6 6 5.7 483

Other service periods............................... 563 287 51.0 276 49.0 11 3.9 276

Nonveterans............................................ 29,442 19,159 65.1 18,022 61.2 1,137 5.9 10,283

Asian

Total, 18 years and over................................. 15,788 10,334 65.5 10,062 63.7 272 2.6 5,454

Veterans................................................. 333 193 57.8 186 55.8 7 3.6 140

Gulf War era, total.................................. 179 133 74.6 128 71.3 6 4.4 45

Gulf War era II.................................... 108 87 80.1 83 77.0 3 3.9 21

Gulf War era I..................................... 71 47 66.2 44 62.6 3 5.4 24
Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2019 annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, period of service,

sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

force Total

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor

force

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 110 40 36.2 40 36.0 0 0.6 70

Other service periods............................... 44 19 43.8 19 42.1 1 – 25

Nonveterans............................................ 15,455 10,142 65.6 9,876 63.9 266 2.6 5,313

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total, 18 years and over................................. 41,326 28,600 69.2 27,425 66.4 1,176 4.1 12,726

Veterans................................................. 1,358 856 63.0 835 61.5 21 2.4 502

Gulf War era, total.................................. 812 655 80.6 636 78.3 19 2.9 158

Gulf War era II.................................... 540 440 81.4 426 78.8 14 3.2 100

Gulf War era I..................................... 272 215 79.0 210 77.3 5 2.2 57

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 311 79 25.4 78 25.1 1 1.2 232

Other service periods............................... 235 122 52.0 121 51.6 1 0.8 113

Nonveterans............................................ 39,968 27,744 69.4 26,589 66.5 1,155 4.2 12,224

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of

service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War

(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in

only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent

one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Estimates for the above race

groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is

identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where

base is less than 35,000).
Table 2A. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2019

annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Percent of

labor force

TOTAL VETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,822 9,270 49.2 8,986 47.7 284 3.1 9,552

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 193 73.9 179 68.4 14 7.4 68

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,585 1,302 82.2 1,260 79.5 43 3.3 283

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,013 1,699 84.4 1,641 81.6 57 3.4 314

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,622 2,199 83.9 2,140 81.6 59 2.7 422

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,519 2,234 63.5 2,169 61.6 65 2.9 1,285

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,823 1,642 18.6 1,597 18.1 45 2.8 7,181

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,399 5,808 78.5 5,624 76.0 183 3.2 1,591

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 193 73.9 179 68.4 14 7.4 68

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,585 1,302 82.2 1,260 79.5 43 3.3 283

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,013 1,699 84.4 1,641 81.6 57 3.4 314

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,092 1,763 84.3 1,717 82.1 46 2.6 329

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,058 749 70.8 728 68.9 21 2.8 309

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 102 26.1 100 25.5 2 2.1 289

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,328 3,468 80.1 3,345 77.3 123 3.5 860

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 193 73.9 179 68.4 14 7.4 68

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,585 1,302 82.2 1,260 79.5 43 3.3 283

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,349 1,125 83.4 1,082 80.2 43 3.8 224

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660 538 81.5 523 79.2 15 2.8 122

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 282 74.6 274 72.7 7 2.5 96

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 29 30.3 28 29.6 1 – 67

Gulf War era I

Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,070 2,339 76.2 2,279 74.2 60 2.6 731

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664 574 86.5 560 84.3 14 2.5 90

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,432 1,225 85.5 1,194 83.4 31 2.5 207

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680 467 68.7 454 66.7 14 2.9 213

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 73 24.7 71 24.2 2 2.2 222

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,213 1,479 20.5 1,437 19.9 42 2.8 5,735

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 185 42.9 180 41.8 5 2.6 246

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,782 1,294 19.1 1,257 18.5 37 2.9 5,488

Other service periods

Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,210 1,983 47.1 1,925 45.7 59 3.0 2,227

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530 437 82.5 424 80.0 13 3.0 93

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,031 1,300 64.0 1,261 62.1 39 3.0 730

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,650 246 14.9 240 14.6 6 2.5 1,404

TOTAL NONVETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231,555 152,188 65.7 146,763 63.4 5,425 3.6 79,367

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,689 18,818 65.6 17,354 60.5 1,464 7.8 9,870

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,292 35,889 82.9 34,548 79.8 1,341 3.7 7,403

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,947 32,358 83.1 31,486 80.8 873 2.7 6,589

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,823 30,732 81.3 29,901 79.1 831 2.7 7,091

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,725 25,372 65.5 24,724 63.8 648 2.6 13,353

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,079 9,018 20.5 8,750 19.9 268 3.0 35,061

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never

served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September

2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December

1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans

who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are

classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 2B. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2019

annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Percent of

labor force

VETERANS, MEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,938 8,169 48.2 7,926 46.8 243 3.0 8,769

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 161 79.3 150 73.7 11 7.1 42

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,281 1,098 85.7 1,064 83.1 34 3.1 183

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,636 1,418 86.7 1,372 83.9 47 3.3 217

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,253 1,925 85.5 1,873 83.1 52 2.7 328

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,088 1,987 64.3 1,930 62.5 57 2.9 1,102

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,477 1,580 18.6 1,538 18.1 42 2.7 6,897

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,170 4,968 80.5 4,815 78.0 153 3.1 1,202

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 161 79.3 150 73.7 11 7.1 42

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,281 1,098 85.7 1,064 83.1 34 3.1 183

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,636 1,418 86.7 1,372 83.9 47 3.3 217

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,798 1,541 85.7 1,501 83.5 41 2.6 257

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902 656 72.6 637 70.5 19 2.9 247

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 94 26.9 92 26.3 2 2.3 256

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,602 2,974 82.6 2,874 79.8 100 3.4 628

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 161 79.3 150 73.7 11 7.1 42

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,281 1,098 85.7 1,064 83.1 34 3.1 183

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,108 950 85.7 916 82.6 34 3.6 158

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584 482 82.5 468 80.0 14 3.0 102

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 257 75.6 251 74.0 5 2.1 83

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 26 29.9 25 29.2 1 – 60

Gulf War era I

Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,568 1,994 77.6 1,941 75.6 53 2.7 574

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 468 88.8 456 86.4 12 2.6 59

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,214 1,059 87.2 1,033 85.1 26 2.5 155

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563 399 70.9 385 68.5 14 3.4 164

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 69 25.9 67 25.3 2 2.3 196

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,964 1,425 20.5 1,386 19.9 39 2.7 5,539

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 169 42.5 165 41.7 3 2.0 228

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,568 1,256 19.1 1,221 18.6 35 2.8 5,311

Other service periods

Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,803 1,776 46.7 1,726 45.4 51 2.8 2,027

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 384 84.4 373 81.9 11 3.0 71

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,789 1,163 65.0 1,128 63.0 35 3.0 627

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,559 229 14.7 225 14.4 4 1.9 1,330

NONVETERANS, MEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,960 77,491 74.5 74,655 71.8 2,835 3.7 26,469

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,317 9,552 66.7 8,702 60.8 850 8.9 4,765

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,105 18,850 89.3 18,143 86.0 707 3.8 2,255

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,508 16,878 91.2 16,450 88.9 428 2.5 1,630

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,521 15,362 87.7 14,943 85.3 419 2.7 2,159

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,249 12,563 72.8 12,257 71.1 306 2.4 4,686

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,260 4,286 28.1 4,161 27.3 125 2.9 10,974

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never

served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September

2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December

1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans

who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are

classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 2C. Employment status of women 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2019

annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Percent of

labor force

VETERANS, WOMEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,884 1,101 58.4 1,060 56.2 41 3.7 784

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 32 55.0 29 50.0 3 – 26

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 204 67.3 195 64.3 9 4.4 99

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 281 74.4 270 71.5 11 3.9 97

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 274 74.4 267 72.5 7 2.6 94

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 247 57.4 239 55.5 8 3.2 184

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 63 18.1 59 17.1 3 5.3 284

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,228 840 68.4 810 65.9 30 3.6 389

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 32 55.0 29 50.0 3 – 26

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 204 67.3 195 64.3 9 4.4 99

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 281 74.4 270 71.5 11 3.9 97

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 222 75.4 216 73.5 5 2.4 72

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 93 60.2 92 59.0 2 2.0 62

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 8 – 8 – 0 – 33

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726 495 68.1 471 64.9 23 4.7 232

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 32 55.0 29 50.0 3 – 26

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 204 67.3 195 64.3 9 4.4 99

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 174 72.5 165 68.9 9 5.0 66

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 56 73.5 55 72.4 1 1.4 20

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 25 65.6 23 60.9 2 – 13

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4 – 4 – 0 – 7

Gulf War era I

Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502 345 68.7 338 67.4 7 2.0 157

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 106 77.7 104 76.1 2 2.0 31

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 166 76.1 161 73.9 5 2.8 52

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 69 58.5 69 58.4 0 0.2 49

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 4 – 4 – 0 – 26

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 54 21.6 51 20.4 3 5.4 195

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 16 – 14 – 1 – 18

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 38 17.6 36 16.9 1 3.9 177

Other service periods

Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 207 50.9 199 49.0 8 3.9 200

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 53 70.5 51 68.3 2 3.1 22

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 138 57.0 133 55.1 5 3.3 104

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 17 18.7 15 16.7 2 – 74

NONVETERANS, WOMEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,595 74,697 58.5 72,107 56.5 2,590 3.5 52,898

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,372 9,267 64.5 8,652 60.2 614 6.6 5,105

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,187 17,039 76.8 16,405 73.9 634 3.7 5,148

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,439 15,480 75.7 15,036 73.6 445 2.9 4,959

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,302 15,370 75.7 14,958 73.7 412 2.7 4,932

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,476 12,809 59.6 12,467 58.1 342 2.7 8,667

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,819 4,732 16.4 4,589 15.9 143 3.0 24,087

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never

served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September

2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December

1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans

who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are

classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 3. Employment status of persons 25 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and educational

attainment, 2019 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status,

period of service, and educational attainment

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

force Total

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor

force

VETERANS

Total, 25 years and over................................. 18,561 9,077 48.9 8,807 47.5 269 3.0 9,484

Less than a high school diploma.................... 738 176 23.9 171 23.1 6 3.2 562

High school graduates, no college.................. 5,247 2,265 43.2 2,199 41.9 65 2.9 2,982

Some college or associate degree.................. 6,446 3,280 50.9 3,172 49.2 108 3.3 3,166

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 6,130 3,356 54.8 3,266 53.3 91 2.7 2,773

Gulf War era, total

Total, 25 years and over................................. 7,138 5,615 78.7 5,446 76.3 169 3.0 1,523

Less than a high school diploma.................... 75 46 61.3 44 57.9 3 5.5 29

High school graduates, no college.................. 1,625 1,253 77.2 1,216 74.8 38 3.0 371

Some college or associate degree.................. 2,767 2,125 76.8 2,055 74.3 70 3.3 642

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 2,670 2,190 82.0 2,131 79.8 59 2.7 480

Gulf War era II

Total, 25 years and over................................. 4,067 3,275 80.5 3,167 77.9 109 3.3 792

Less than a high school diploma.................... 39 26 66.6 24 61.4 2 – 13

High school graduates, no college.................. 939 746 79.4 722 76.9 23 3.1 193

Some college or associate degree.................. 1,586 1,228 77.4 1,183 74.6 45 3.7 359

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 1,502 1,276 84.9 1,238 82.4 38 3.0 226

Gulf War era I

Total, 25 years and over................................. 3,070 2,339 76.2 2,279 74.2 60 2.6 731

Less than a high school diploma.................... 36 20 55.5 20 54.1 0 – 16

High school graduates, no college.................. 686 508 74.1 494 72.0 14 2.8 178

Some college or associate degree.................. 1,181 897 76.0 872 73.9 25 2.8 283

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 1,168 914 78.3 894 76.5 20 2.2 254

WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 25 years and over................................. 7,213 1,479 20.5 1,437 19.9 42 2.8 5,735

Less than a high school diploma.................... 434 65 14.9 63 14.5 2 3.0 369

High school graduates, no college.................. 2,166 369 17.0 359 16.6 10 2.6 1,797

Some college or associate degree.................. 2,300 476 20.7 459 20.0 16 3.4 1,825

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 2,313 569 24.6 555 24.0 14 2.4 1,744

Other service periods

Total, 25 years and over................................. 4,210 1,983 47.1 1,925 45.7 59 3.0 2,227

Less than a high school diploma.................... 229 65 28.5 64 28.0 1 1.6 164

High school graduates, no college.................. 1,456 642 44.1 624 42.9 18 2.8 814

Some college or associate degree.................. 1,378 679 49.3 658 47.7 22 3.2 699

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 1,146 597 52.1 579 50.5 18 3.1 549

NONVETERANS

Total, 25 years and over................................. 202,866 133,370 65.7 129,409 63.8 3,961 3.0 69,496

Less than a high school diploma.................... 20,809 9,729 46.8 9,204 44.2 525 5.4 11,079

High school graduates, no college.................. 57,116 33,841 59.2 32,586 57.1 1,256 3.7 23,275

Some college or associate degree.................. 51,207 34,257 66.9 33,223 64.9 1,034 3.0 16,950

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 73,733 55,542 75.3 54,396 73.8 1,146 2.1 18,192

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of

service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War

(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in

only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent

one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data

that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2019

annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Occupation and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era

WW II,

Korean

War,

and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

periods Total Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

TOTAL

Total employed (in thousands)................................................... 8,986 5,624 3,345 2,279 1,437 1,925 146,763

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed..................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations....................... 40.4 40.5 38.1 43.9 43.7 37.7 41.2

Management, business, and financial operations occupations......... 19.5 18.4 17.5 19.7 25.3 18.4 17.2

Professional and related occupations...................................... 20.9 22.1 20.6 24.3 18.5 19.2 24.0

Service occupations............................................................ 13.9 14.7 16.5 12.1 12.0 12.8 16.9

Sales and office occupations.................................................. 15.6 15.6 16.0 15.0 16.4 15.2 21.4

Sales and related occupations.............................................. 7.8 7.1 6.9 7.5 10.5 7.9 9.8

Office and administrative support occupations........................... 7.8 8.4 9.1 7.5 5.9 7.3 11.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations.......... 13.1 13.3 13.4 13.2 11.0 13.8 8.9

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations................................ 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.7

Construction and extraction occupations.................................. 5.9 5.5 5.4 5.6 6.0 7.3 5.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations....................... 6.6 7.4 7.5 7.1 4.3 6.0 2.9

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations............. 17.1 15.9 16.0 15.9 16.9 20.5 11.6

Production occupations...................................................... 6.7 6.9 6.9 6.8 4.1 8.3 5.4

Transportation and material moving occupations........................ 10.3 9.0 9.0 9.1 12.8 12.2 6.2

MEN

Total employed (in thousands)................................................... 7,926 4,815 2,874 1,941 1,386 1,726 74,655

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed..................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations....................... 38.9 38.5 36.1 42.1 43.3 36.5 37.3

Management, business, and financial operations occupations......... 19.6 18.3 17.5 19.5 25.4 18.4 18.1

Professional and related occupations...................................... 19.3 20.2 18.6 22.6 17.9 18.1 19.2

Service occupations............................................................ 13.7 14.6 16.6 11.7 11.6 12.7 13.3

Sales and office occupations.................................................. 14.3 14.1 14.6 13.3 16.5 13.3 15.8

Sales and related occupations.............................................. 7.8 7.1 6.9 7.3 10.8 7.5 9.6

Office and administrative support occupations........................... 6.5 7.0 7.7 6.1 5.6 5.9 6.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations.......... 14.6 15.2 15.3 15.2 11.4 15.3 16.5

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations................................ 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.5 1.1

Construction and extraction occupations.................................. 6.7 6.3 6.2 6.5 6.2 8.0 10.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations....................... 7.4 8.4 8.6 8.2 4.5 6.7 5.5

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations............. 18.5 17.6 17.4 17.8 17.2 22.1 17.1

Production occupations...................................................... 7.3 7.6 7.7 7.5 4.1 8.8 7.4

Transportation and material moving occupations........................ 11.2 9.9 9.7 10.3 13.0 13.3 9.7

WOMEN

Total employed (in thousands)................................................... 1,060 810 471 338 51 199 72,107

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed..................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations....................... 51.2 52.0 50.1 54.7 54.3 47.5 45.3

Management, business, and financial operations occupations......... 18.9 18.9 17.5 20.9 21.4 18.4 16.2

Professional and related occupations...................................... 32.3 33.1 32.6 33.8 33.0 29.0 29.1

Service occupations............................................................ 15.4 15.6 16.4 14.4 20.9 13.4 20.7

Sales and office occupations.................................................. 25.3 24.4 24.4 24.3 14.7 31.5 27.2

Sales and related occupations.............................................. 8.1 7.6 6.9 8.7 1.9 11.4 10.1

Office and administrative support occupations........................... 17.2 16.8 17.6 15.7 12.7 20.1 17.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations.......... 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.1 1.3 1.0

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations................................ 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.7 0.2 0.4

Construction and extraction occupations.................................. 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.5 1.2 0.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations....................... 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.3
Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2019

annual averages — Continued

[Percent distribution]

Occupation and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era

WW II,

Korean

War,

and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

periods Total Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations............. 6.3 6.2 7.1 4.8 8.9 6.3 5.8

Production occupations...................................................... 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.7 2.7 3.7 3.3

Transportation and material moving occupations........................ 3.7 3.7 4.9 2.2 6.2 2.7 2.5

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of

service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War

(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in

only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent

one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period.
Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of

service, 2019 annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Industry, class of worker, and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era WW II,

Korean

War, and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

Total periods Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

TOTAL

Total employed (in thousands)1

............................... 8,986 5,624 3,345 2,279 1,437 1,925 146,763

As a percent of total employed

Total employed1

................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries.......................... 1.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 5.3 1.6 1.5

Wage and salary workers2............................... 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.5 1.9 0.8 1.0

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.3 3.4 0.9 0.4

Nonagricultural industries................................... 98.2 99.1 99.1 99.2 94.7 98.4 98.5

Wage and salary workers2............................... 92.6 95.8 96.0 95.4 82.7 90.8 92.9

Private industries....................................... 71.1 70.9 70.6 71.3 69.9 72.8 79.8

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . .. 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.5

Construction.......................................... 6.6 6.3 6.5 6.1 6.4 7.4 5.9

Manufacturing........................................ 12.0 12.3 12.3 12.3 8.9 13.5 9.7

Wholesale trade...................................... 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.7 2.3 2.1 2.2

Retail trade........................................... 7.9 7.2 6.9 7.5 10.4 8.2 9.8

Transportation and utilities.......................... 7.5 7.4 7.4 7.3 6.7 8.5 4.4

Information............................................ 1.6 1.8 1.5 2.3 1.6 1.0 1.6

Financial activities................................... 4.9 4.6 4.3 5.0 6.2 5.0 6.4

Professional and business services............... 11.8 12.5 12.7 12.2 11.6 9.9 10.9

Education and health services..................... 8.5 8.7 8.4 9.0 6.6 9.3 15.9

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 4.1 4.1 4.9 3.1 4.6 3.8 8.3

Other services........................................ 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.8 4.0 3.4 4.2

Government............................................. 21.5 24.9 25.4 24.1 12.9 18.1 13.0

Federal................................................ 10.8 13.7 14.8 12.1 3.4 7.6 2.0

State................................................... 4.4 4.7 4.5 5.1 3.4 4.1 4.4

Local................................................... 6.3 6.4 6.1 6.9 6.1 6.3 6.6

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 5.6 3.3 3.0 3.8 11.8 7.5 5.6

MEN

Total employed (in thousands)1

............................... 7,926 4,815 2,874 1,941 1,386 1,726 74,655

As a percent of total employed

Total employed1................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries.......................... 1.9 0.9 1.0 0.8 5.5 1.8 2.1

Wage and salary workers2............................... 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.6 2.0 0.8 1.5

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.3 3.5 1.0 0.6

Nonagricultural industries................................... 98.1 99.1 99.0 99.2 94.5 98.2 97.9

Wage and salary workers2

............................... 92.3 95.6 95.9 95.3 82.5 90.8 91.5

Private industries....................................... 72.0 71.9 71.4 72.6 70.1 73.7 81.6

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . .. 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.7

Construction.......................................... 7.2 7.1 7.2 6.8 6.6 8.1 10.2

Manufacturing........................................ 12.9 13.5 13.4 13.5 9.0 14.4 13.1

Wholesale trade...................................... 2.5 2.7 2.5 3.1 2.4 2.2 3.0

Retail trade........................................... 7.9 7.0 6.9 7.3 10.5 8.2 9.8

Transportation and utilities.......................... 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.3 6.9 9.3 6.4

Information............................................ 1.7 1.9 1.6 2.4 1.6 1.0 1.8

Financial activities................................... 4.6 4.1 4.1 4.2 6.2 4.8 5.7

Professional and business services............... 12.1 12.9 13.2 12.6 11.7 10.1 12.2

Education and health services..................... 6.8 6.7 6.1 7.6 6.1 7.8 7.0

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 4.1 4.0 4.7 3.0 4.6 3.8 7.8

Other services........................................ 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.7 4.1 3.4 3.7

Government............................................. 20.3 23.8 24.5 22.7 12.3 17.1 9.9

Federal................................................ 10.1 13.2 14.3 11.7 3.3 7.0 1.8

State................................................... 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.3 3.2 4.0 3.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of

service, 2019 annual averages — Continued

[Percent distribution]

Industry, class of worker, and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era WW II,

Korean

War, and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

Total periods Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

Local................................................... 6.1 6.1 5.8 6.6 5.8 6.1 4.8

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 5.8 3.4 3.1 3.9 11.9 7.5 6.4

WOMEN

Total employed (in thousands)1

............................... 1,060 810 471 338 51 199 72,107

As a percent of total employed

Total employed1

................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries.......................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.9

Wage and salary workers2............................... 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.6

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.3

Nonagricultural industries................................... 99.5 99.5 99.5 99.4 99.3 99.5 99.1

Wage and salary workers2

............................... 95.3 96.6 97.0 96.0 89.4 91.6 94.3

Private industries....................................... 64.9 65.1 66.1 63.8 62.4 64.8 78.0

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . .. 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2

Construction.......................................... 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 1.7 1.4

Manufacturing........................................ 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.4 7.1 6.3 6.1

Wholesale trade...................................... 1.0 1.2 1.4 0.8 0.0 0.7 1.3

Retail trade........................................... 8.0 8.1 7.4 9.1 7.0 7.7 9.9

Transportation and utilities.......................... 2.1 2.2 2.6 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.3

Information............................................ 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.6 2.4 0.7 1.3

Financial activities................................... 7.0 7.1 5.2 9.7 4.0 7.2 7.1

Professional and business services............... 9.5 9.8 9.9 9.6 9.0 8.3 9.6

Education and health services..................... 21.1 20.6 22.9 17.3 22.6 22.9 25.1

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 4.7 4.8 5.7 3.5 5.6 4.3 8.9

Other services........................................ 2.7 2.7 2.3 3.2 3.0 2.9 4.7

Government............................................. 30.4 31.4 30.9 32.2 27.0 26.8 16.3

Federal................................................ 15.4 16.7 18.2 14.6 6.1 12.6 2.1

State................................................... 6.6 6.8 4.8 9.5 7.2 5.6 5.7

Local................................................... 8.3 7.9 7.9 8.0 13.7 8.6 8.4

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 4.2 2.9 2.5 3.4 10.0 7.9 4.8

1 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately.

2

Includes self-employed workers whose business are incorporated.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of

service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War

(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in

only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent

one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period.
Table 6A. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by state, 2019 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

State

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

TOTAL VETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,822 9,270 49.2 8,986 47.7 284 3.1 9,552

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 171 52.8 168 51.8 3 1.9 153

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 35 57.1 34 55.0 1 3.6 26

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 242 50.9 230 48.4 12 4.9 234

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 93 44.7 91 43.8 2 2.0 114

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,588 726 45.7 699 44.0 27 3.7 862

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 169 50.7 164 49.2 5 3.0 164

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 81 48.2 79 46.6 3 3.3 87

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 37 48.4 36 47.0 1 2.9 39

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 11 44.9 11 42.8 1 4.7 14

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,367 616 45.0 598 43.8 17 2.8 752

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693 375 54.1 365 52.7 10 2.5 318

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 46 44.6 44 42.6 2 4.6 57

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 54 45.7 53 44.9 1 1.7 65

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590 272 46.1 265 44.8 8 2.9 318

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 209 51.3 206 50.4 4 1.8 199

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 106 52.1 102 50.0 4 3.9 98

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 85 51.1 84 50.5 1 1.2 82

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 112 41.9 108 40.2 5 4.0 156

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 118 44.5 115 43.1 4 3.2 148

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 51 46.2 49 44.8 2 3.2 59

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 251 61.9 249 61.3 2 0.9 155

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 135 46.1 128 43.8 7 5.1 158

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557 249 44.6 244 43.8 4 1.8 309

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 139 47.3 132 44.9 7 4.9 155

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 86 48.1 82 45.8 4 4.8 92

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 170 43.1 167 42.3 3 1.8 225

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 45 48.2 42 45.3 3 6.1 48

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 69 54.7 67 53.4 2 2.2 57

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 121 51.4 118 50.3 2 2.0 114

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 46 51.7 45 50.9 1 1.5 43

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 125 40.1 122 39.2 3 2.3 186

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 79 48.3 77 46.8 2 3.0 85

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755 332 44.0 318 42.2 13 4.0 423

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686 361 52.6 344 50.2 16 4.6 326

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 25 52.8 25 52.1 0 1.2 23

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735 362 49.2 351 47.7 11 3.0 374

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 134 47.0 130 45.8 4 2.6 151

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 129 43.9 126 43.0 3 2.2 165

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813 358 44.0 339 41.7 18 5.1 456

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 24 43.3 23 42.1 1 2.8 31

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 201 50.9 197 50.0 4 1.8 193

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 35 57.0 34 55.4 1 2.9 26

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 231 50.5 225 49.2 6 2.6 226

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,579 882 55.8 853 54.0 28 3.2 697

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 65 48.6 64 48.0 1 1.2 68

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 18 45.4 17 44.2 0 2.6 21

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718 447 62.2 439 61.1 8 1.7 272

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 275 53.4 263 51.1 12 4.3 240

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 57 44.3 55 42.9 2 3.2 72

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 186 49.0 182 48.0 4 2.0 194

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 26 53.9 25 51.8 1 4.0 22

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.
Table 6B. Employment status of nonveterans 18 years and over by state, 2019 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

State

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

TOTAL NONVETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231,555 152,188 65.7 146,763 63.4 5,425 3.6 79,367

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,421 2,074 60.6 2,013 58.9 61 2.9 1,347

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 309 65.7 290 61.6 19 6.2 161

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,038 3,250 64.5 3,101 61.6 148 4.6 1,789

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,065 1,267 61.4 1,222 59.2 45 3.6 797

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,575 18,516 64.8 17,778 62.2 738 4.0 10,059

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,080 2,939 72.0 2,866 70.3 72 2.5 1,141

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,620 1,802 68.8 1,740 66.4 62 3.4 818

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684 447 65.4 429 62.8 18 4.0 237

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541 398 73.7 376 69.5 22 5.6 142

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,625 9,652 61.8 9,357 59.9 295 3.1 5,974

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,226 4,668 64.6 4,509 62.4 159 3.4 2,558

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 952 608 63.9 592 62.2 16 2.6 344

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,201 813 67.7 789 65.7 23 2.9 388

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,043 6,073 67.2 5,844 64.6 229 3.8 2,970

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,648 3,115 67.0 3,012 64.8 103 3.3 1,533

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,191 1,616 73.8 1,574 71.8 42 2.6 575

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,972 1,367 69.3 1,324 67.1 43 3.1 606

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,124 1,927 61.7 1,846 59.1 81 4.2 1,196

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,168 1,957 61.8 1,867 58.9 90 4.6 1,211

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 967 624 64.5 606 62.7 18 2.8 343

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,238 3,031 71.5 2,920 68.9 111 3.7 1,207

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,185 3,644 70.3 3,545 68.4 99 2.7 1,541

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,165 4,618 64.5 4,437 61.9 181 3.9 2,547

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,964 2,886 72.8 2,798 70.6 88 3.0 1,078

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,028 1,178 58.1 1,116 55.0 62 5.3 849

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,268 2,864 67.1 2,775 65.0 89 3.1 1,405

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734 484 66.0 469 63.9 15 3.2 250

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,296 952 73.4 923 71.2 29 3.0 344

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,126 1,432 67.4 1,375 64.7 57 4.0 694

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 999 716 71.7 699 70.0 17 2.4 283

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,531 4,350 66.6 4,198 64.3 152 3.5 2,181

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,431 870 60.8 827 57.8 43 4.9 560

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,416 9,049 62.8 8,698 60.3 351 3.9 5,367

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,300 4,685 64.2 4,508 61.8 177 3.8 2,615

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 374 72.4 365 70.6 9 2.4 143

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,214 5,400 65.7 5,194 63.2 206 3.8 2,814

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,613 1,677 64.2 1,620 62.0 57 3.4 937

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,012 1,948 64.7 1,875 62.2 73 3.7 1,064

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,150 6,041 66.0 5,799 63.4 243 4.0 3,109

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775 521 67.2 503 65.0 18 3.4 254

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,538 2,179 61.6 2,115 59.8 64 2.9 1,359

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594 427 71.9 413 69.6 14 3.2 167

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,776 3,097 64.9 2,996 62.7 102 3.3 1,679

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,618 13,074 66.6 12,631 64.4 444 3.4 6,544

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,114 1,502 71.0 1,465 69.3 36 2.4 612

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464 320 68.8 312 67.3 7 2.2 145

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,802 3,975 68.5 3,865 66.6 110 2.8 1,826

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,331 3,653 68.5 3,503 65.7 151 4.1 1,678

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,274 736 57.8 701 55.0 35 4.8 538

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,084 2,821 69.1 2,727 66.8 94 3.3 1,263

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 261 67.6 253 65.4 9 3.4 125

NOTE: Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.
Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex, August 2019, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Presence of disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total Percent of

population

Employed

Total Percent of

population

Unemployed

Total Percent of

labor force

Not in labor

force

TOTAL

VETERANS

Total 18,776 9,017 48.0 8,664 46.1 353 3.9 9,759

With service-connected disability 4,742 2,252 47.5 2,144 45.2 109 4.8 2,489

Less than 30 percent disability rating 1,241 667 53.8 647 52.2 20 3.0 573

30 to 50 percent disability rating 1,029 590 57.3 580 56.3 11 1.8 439

60 percent or higher disability rating 2,092 853 40.8 780 37.3 73 8.6 1,239

Disability rating not reported 380 142 37.4 137 36.2 5 3.3 238

Without service-connected disability 13,530 6,503 48.1 6,260 46.3 243 3.7 7,027

Presence of disability not reported 505 262 51.9 261 51.7 1 0.3 243

Gulf War era, total

Total 7,419 5,832 78.6 5,596 75.4 236 4.1 1,587

With service-connected disability 2,559 1,782 69.6 1,698 66.4 84 4.7 777

Less than 30 percent disability rating 524 432 82.4 420 80.0 12 2.8 93

30 to 50 percent disability rating 634 496 78.3 491 77.4 6 1.2 137

60 percent or higher disability rating 1,243 741 59.6 678 54.6 63 8.5 502

Disability rating not reported 159 113 71.3 110 69.4 3 2.6 46

Without service-connected disability 4,614 3,841 83.2 3,688 79.9 153 4.0 773

Presence of disability not reported 246 210 85.2 210 85.2 0 0.0 36

Gulf War era II

Total 4,411 3,520 79.8 3,356 76.1 164 4.7 891

With service-connected disability 1,792 1,302 72.7 1,230 68.7 72 5.5 490

Less than 30 percent disability rating 304 280 92.2 273 90.1 6 2.3 24

30 to 50 percent disability rating 407 344 84.7 339 83.3 6 1.7 62

60 percent or higher disability rating 986 604 61.2 547 55.5 57 9.4 382

Disability rating not reported 95 73 77.1 71 73.9 3 - 22

Without service-connected disability 2,464 2,090 84.8 1,998 81.1 92 4.4 373

Presence of disability not reported 155 128 82.0 128 82.0 0 0.0 28

Gulf War era I

Total 3,008 2,313 76.9 2,240 74.5 72 3.1 695

With service-connected disability 768 480 62.6 468 61.0 12 2.5 287

Less than 30 percent disability rating 221 152 68.8 146 66.2 6 3.7 69

30 to 50 percent disability rating 227 152 66.9 152 66.9 - - 75

60 percent or higher disability rating 257 137 53.4 131 50.9 6 4.7 120

Disability rating not reported 63 40 - 40 - - - 24

Without service-connected disability 2,150 1,750 81.4 1,690 78.6 60 3.4 400

Presence of disability not reported 91 82 90.7 82 90.7 0 0.0 8

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total 7,162 1,269 17.7 1,225 17.1 44 3.5 5,893

With service-connected disability 1,541 226 14.6 213 13.8 13 5.6 1,315

Less than 30 percent disability rating 451 87 19.2 85 18.8 2 2.2 365

30 to 50 percent disability rating 273 43 15.7 43 15.7 - - 230

60 percent or higher disability rating 660 71 10.8 62 9.4 9 - 589

Disability rating not reported 157 25 15.8 23 14.7 2 - 132

Without service-connected disability 5,458 1,037 19.0 1,006 18.4 31 3.0 4,420

Presence of disability not reported 164 7 4.0 7 4.0 0 - 157

Other service periods

Total 4,195 1,916 45.7 1,843 43.9 72 3.8 2,279

With service-connected disability 641 245 38.2 232 36.2 12 5.1 396

Less than 30 percent disability rating 265 149 56.2 143 53.8 6 4.2 116

30 to 50 percent disability rating 122 51 41.6 46 37.6 5 - 71

60 percent or higher disability rating 189 41 21.5 39 20.8 1 - 149

Disability rating not reported 64 4 - 4 - - - 60

Without service-connected disability 3,459 1,625 47.0 1,566 45.3 59 3.6 1,833

Presence of disability not reported 95 45 47.8 45 47.1 1 - 50

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex, August 2019, not seasonally adjusted -- Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Presence of disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total Percent of

population

Employed

Total Percent of

population

Unemployed

Total Percent of

labor force

Not in labor

force

MEN

VETERANS

Total 16,890 7,969 47.2 7,660 45.4 309 3.9 8,921

With service-connected disability 4,181 1,996 47.7 1,894 45.3 102 5.1 2,185

Less than 30 percent disability rating 1,151 609 52.9 589 51.2 20 3.3 542

30 to 50 percent disability rating 894 505 56.5 495 55.4 10 2.0 389

60 percent or higher disability rating 1,791 741 41.4 674 37.6 67 9.0 1,050

Disability rating not reported 345 141 40.9 136 39.5 5 3.3 204

Without service-connected disability 12,250 5,742 46.9 5,535 45.2 207 3.6 6,508

Presence of disability not reported 459 231 50.3 230 50.2 1 0.3 228

Gulf War era, total

Total 6,186 5,046 81.6 4,841 78.3 205 4.1 1,140

With service-connected disability 2,103 1,549 73.6 1,471 69.9 78 5.0 555

Less than 30 percent disability rating 452 384 85.0 372 82.4 12 3.2 68

30 to 50 percent disability rating 516 418 81.0 412 79.9 6 1.4 98

60 percent or higher disability rating 995 633 63.7 576 57.9 57 9.0 361

Disability rating not reported 140 113 80.5 110 78.4 3 2.6 27

Without service-connected disability 3,876 3,318 85.6 3,191 82.3 127 3.8 558

Presence of disability not reported 206 179 86.7 179 86.7 0 0.0 27

Gulf War era II

Total 3,637 3,040 83.6 2,897 79.7 143 4.7 596

With service-connected disability 1,475 1,146 77.7 1,080 73.2 66 5.7 329

Less than 30 percent disability rating 254 243 95.8 237 93.3 6 2.7 11

30 to 50 percent disability rating 359 316 88.0 310 86.4 6 1.8 43

60 percent or higher disability rating 779 513 65.9 463 59.4 51 9.9 266

Disability rating not reported 83 73 88.0 71 84.5 3 - 10

Without service-connected disability 2,037 1,789 87.8 1,712 84.0 77 4.3 248

Presence of disability not reported 124 105 84.7 105 84.7 0 0.0 19

Gulf War era I

Total 2,549 2,005 78.7 1,943 76.2 62 3.1 544

With service-connected disability 628 403 64.1 391 62.2 12 3.0 225

Less than 30 percent disability rating 198 141 71.2 136 68.4 6 4.0 57

30 to 50 percent disability rating 157 102 64.9 102 64.9 - - 55

60 percent or higher disability rating 216 120 55.7 114 52.7 6 5.4 96

Disability rating not reported 57 40 - 40 - - - 17

Without service-connected disability 1,839 1,529 83.1 1,479 80.4 50 3.3 310

Presence of disability not reported 82 73 89.8 73 89.8 0 - 8

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total 6,915 1,223 17.7 1,187 17.2 36 2.9 5,692

With service-connected disability 1,491 221 14.8 209 14.0 12 5.5 1,270

Less than 30 percent disability rating 451 87 19.2 85 18.8 2 2.2 365

30 to 50 percent disability rating 263 43 16.3 43 16.3 - - 220

60 percent or higher disability rating 631 67 10.6 58 9.2 9 - 564

Disability rating not reported 146 25 16.9 23 15.7 2 - 121

Without service-connected disability 5,261 996 18.9 972 18.5 24 2.4 4,266

Presence of disability not reported 163 7 4.1 7 4.1 0 - 156

Other service periods

Total 3,789 1,700 44.9 1,632 43.1 69 4.0 2,089

With service-connected disability 586 226 38.6 215 36.6 12 5.2 360

Less than 30 percent disability rating 247 138 55.8 132 53.2 6 4.5 109

30 to 50 percent disability rating 114 44 38.7 40 35.0 4 - 70

60 percent or higher disability rating 165 41 24.6 39 23.8 1 - 125

Disability rating not reported 59 3 - 3 - - - 55

Without service-connected disability 3,113 1,429 45.9 1,373 44.1 56 3.9 1,684

Presence of disability not reported 90 45 50.4 45 49.6 1 - 45

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex, August 2019, not seasonally adjusted -- Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Presence of disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total Percent of

population

Employed

Total Percent of

population

Unemployed

Total Percent of

labor force

Not in labor

force

WOMEN

VETERANS

Total 1,886 1,048 55.6 1,005 53.3 43 4.1 838

With service-connected disability 561 256 45.7 249 44.5 7 2.7 305

Less than 30 percent disability rating 90 58 64.9 58 64.9 - - 32

30 to 50 percent disability rating 135 85 62.8 84 62.3 1 0.7 50

60 percent or higher disability rating 301 112 37.2 106 35.1 6 5.7 189

Disability rating not reported 35 1 - 1 - - - 34

Without service-connected disability 1,280 761 59.4 725 56.6 36 4.8 519

Presence of disability not reported 45 31 - 31 - - - 15

Gulf War era, total

Total 1,233 787 63.8 755 61.2 32 4.0 446

With service-connected disability 456 233 51.2 227 49.8 6 2.6 223

Without service-connected disability 737 523 70.9 497 67.4 26 4.9 215

Presence of disability not reported 40 31 - 31 - - - 9

Gulf War era II

Total 774 479 61.9 458 59.2 21 4.4 295

With service-connected disability 317 156 49.3 150 47.4 6 3.8 161

Without service-connected disability 426 301 70.6 286 67.1 15 5.0 125

Presence of disability not reported 31 22 - 22 - - - 9

Gulf War era I

Total 459 307 67.0 297 64.7 10 3.4 152

With service-connected disability 139 77 55.5 77 55.5 - - 62

Without service-connected disability 311 221 71.2 211 67.9 10 4.7 90

Presence of disability not reported 9 9 - 9 - - - 0

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total 247 46 18.6 38 15.4 8 - 201

With service-connected disability 50 4 - 4 - 0 - 45

Without service-connected disability 196 42 21.2 34 17.2 8 - 155

Presence of disability not reported 1 0 - 0 - - - 1

Other service periods

Total 406 215 53.0 211 52.1 4 1.7 191

With service-connected disability 55 19 - 18 - 1 - 37

Without service-connected disability 346 197 56.8 194 55.9 3 1.6 149

Presence of disability not reported 5 0 - 0 - - - 5

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and

other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served

in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are

classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The

associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal

Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the

veterans supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
Table 8. Employed persons 18 years and over by veteran status, presence of service-connected disability, period of service,

and class of worker, August 2019, not seasonally adjusted

Veteran status, presence of

disability, and period of service

Total

Employed

(thousands)

Percent distribution by class of worker

Total

Agriculture

and

related

industries

Nonagricultural industries

Total

Wage and salary workers1

Private

sector

Government

Total Federal State and

local

Selfemployed,

unincorporated, and

unpaid

family

workers

Veterans, total2 8,664 100.0 1.6 98.4 71.1 21.1 11.2 9.8 6.3

With service-connected disability 2,144 100.0 1.2 98.8 63.5 30.8 20.4 10.4 4.5

Without service-connected disability 6,260 100.0 1.7 98.3 74.1 17.2 7.7 9.5 7.0

Gulf War era, total2 5,596 100.0 0.9 99.1 70.6 24.3 15.0 9.4 4.2

With service-connected disability 1,698 100.0 1.1 98.9 62.8 32.8 22.8 9.9 3.4

Without service-connected disability 3,688 100.0 0.8 99.2 74.9 19.8 10.8 9.0 4.6

Gulf War era II2 3,356 100.0 0.8 99.2 71.9 23.3 14.2 9.1 4.0

With service-connected disability 1,230 100.0 1.1 98.9 65.7 29.4 21.5 7.9 3.7

Without service-connected disability 1,998 100.0 0.6 99.4 77.0 18.4 8.6 9.8 4.0

Gulf War era I2 2,240 100.0 1.0 99.0 68.7 25.8 16.1 9.7 4.4

With service-connected disability 468 100.0 1.0 99.0 55.0 41.7 26.4 15.3 2.4

Without service-connected disability 1,690 100.0 0.9 99.1 72.5 21.4 13.4 8.0 5.2

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era2 1,225 100.0 4.3 95.7 70.8 12.0 2.0 10.0 12.9

With service-connected disability 213 100.0 1.8 98.2 74.1 12.9 2.7 10.2 11.3

Without service-connected disability 1,006 100.0 4.8 95.2 69.9 11.9 1.9 10.0 13.3

Other service periods2 1,843 100.0 1.9 98.1 72.7 17.2 6.0 11.2 8.2

With service-connected disability 232 100.0 1.3 98.7 59.4 32.7 18.6 14.1 6.7

Without service-connected disability 1,566 100.0 2.0 98.0 74.8 14.5 4.0 10.5 8.7

Nonveterans 146,901 100.0 1.5 98.5 80.1 12.7 2.0 10.7 5.6

 1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

 2 Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service:

Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-

January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one

period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one.

Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a

health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is

determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this

release. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no

data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).
Table 9. Employment status of Gulf War era veterans by Reserve or National Guard status, August 2019, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Period of service and Reserve or National Guard

status

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total Percent of

population

Employed

Total Percent of

population

Unemployed

Total

Percent of

labor

force

Not in

labor

force

VETERANS

Gulf War era, total

Total 7,419 5,832 78.6 5,596 75.4 236 4.1 1,587

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard 2,476 2,029 81.9 1,934 78.1 95 4.7 447

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard 4,731 3,623 76.6 3,481 73.6 141 3.9 1,108

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported 212 181 85.2 181 85.2 0 0.0 32

Gulf War era II

Total 4,411 3,520 79.8 3,356 76.1 164 4.7 891

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard 1,451 1,232 84.9 1,162 80.0 71 5.7 219

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard 2,821 2,172 77.0 2,079 73.7 93 4.3 649

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported 138 115 83.3 115 83.3 0 0.0 23

Gulf War era I

Total 3,008 2,313 76.9 2,240 74.5 72 3.1 695

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard 1,024 796 77.8 772 75.4 24 3.1 228

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard 1,910 1,451 76.0 1,403 73.4 48 3.3 459

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported 74 66 - 66 - 0 - 8

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. The

Gulf War era began in August 1990 and continues to the present day. It is divided into two periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present)

and Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent period. Data do not include

Reserve and National Guard members who have never been called to Active Duty. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans

supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where

base is less than 75,000).
Table 10. Employment status of Gulf War-era II veterans 18 years and over by location of service, August 2019, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Period of service and location

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total Percent of

population

Employed

Total Percent of

population

Unemployed

Number Rate

Not in labor

force

Total, Gulf War-era II veterans 4,411 3,520 79.8 3,356 76.1 164 4.7 891

Served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both1 1,855 1,433 77.3 1,369 73.8 64 4.5 422

Served in Iraq2 1,434 1,117 77.9 1,062 74.1 54 4.9 317

Served in Afghanistan3 930 727 78.2 700 75.3 27 3.7 203

Served in both locations4 509 411 80.7 394 77.4 17 4.1 98

Served elsewhere 2,556 2,086 81.6 1,987 77.7 100 4.8 470

 1 Refers to veterans who served in Iraq at anytime since March 2003 and veterans who served in Afghanistan at anytime since October 2001. Also

includes veterans who served in both countries.

 2 Includes all veterans who served in Iraq at any time since March 2003, whether or not they also served in Afghanistan.

 3 Includes all veterans who served in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, whether or not they also served in Iraq.

 

4

 Veterans who served in both Iraq and Afghanistan during the designated dates are also included in the totals of each location above.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf

War-era II veterans served anywhere in the world at any time since September 2001. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans

supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where

base is less than 75,000).