Table 8. BENEFITS (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for benefits only, civilian, state and local, and
private industry workers, by industry and occupational group

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Mar. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995
- | Mar. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995 | Mar. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995
Civilian workers .. 130.1 132.5 133.8 1.6 0.2 1.0 44 3.4 28
State and local government workers .. 127.9 130.5 131.1 7 2 5 3.0 28 25
Private industry workers .... 130.7 133.0 134.5, 1.9 2 1 44 3.7 29
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations 130.5, 133.3 135.2 23 4 1.4 47 45 3.6
Blue-collar occupations 130.5 132.5, 133.3, 1.2 “2 6 40 2.8 21
Service occupations 132.9 134.7 135.0 14 4 2 44 2.4 1.6
Workers, by industry division
Goods-producing industries * 132.7 | 134.8 135.9 1.8 0 8 4.2 35 24
Service-producing industries 2 . 128.9 131.5 133.2 WW 2 13 45 3.8 3.3
Manufacturing 132.0 134.3 135.4 15 3 8 44 3.3 26
Nonmanufacturing 129.9 132.3 133.9 2.0 1 1.2 46 3.8 341
Workers, by bargaining status
Union workers 131.9 133.7 134.8 1.0 3 8 4.2 2.4 22
Nonunion workers 130.1 132.7 134.2 24 1 11 44 4.2 3.2
7 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing, NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the

Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail aggregate, occupation, and industry series.
trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service mdustries.


Table 1. SEASONALLY ADJUSTED: Employment Cost Index for total compensation, wages and salaries, and benefit costs, by
industry and occupational group — Continued

Indexes (June
Percent changes for 3-months ended
Series 1989=100)
Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995 | June 1993 | Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994 Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995,

BENEFIT COSTS
Civilian workers 133.1 133.4 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.9 09 09 07 0.2
State and local government ....... 130.3 131.1 1.0 3 zc) 8 12 4 4 6
Private industry workers 133.8 134.0 1.4 a ini eS) 1.0 1.0 8 A
White-collar Occupation: 134.0 134.7 Vt a V1 1.4 V1 1 9 5
Blue-collar Occupations 133.2 133.0 15 9 Wt 5 8 ] 5 72
Service occupations wee 135.0 134.7 15 a) 1.0 6 4 8 6 +2
Goods-producing industries 1 135.8 135.4 15 9 1.0 B&B 1.0 9 8 +3
Manufacturing see 135.3 134.7 17 Wt 1.0 2 Wt a 1.0 4
Service-producing industries 2 132.0 132.8 1 1.0 1.2 1.0 a) 1.2 6 6
Nonmanufacturing industries .... 132.9 133.5 1.2 1.0 1 1.3 9 11 5 5

} Includes mining, Construction, and manufacturing, trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.
? Includes transportation communication, and public utlties; wholesale ana retail ‘No identifiable seasonality was found for the Series,


10

Table 5. WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only, civilian
and state and local government workers, by industry and occupational group

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series . 3 months ended 12 months ended
Mar, 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995
Mar. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995 | Mar. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995
Civilian workers 117.8 120.4 121.3 0.6 0.5 0.7 29 28 3.0
Excluding sale: 118.0 120.7 121.7 7 . 5 8 28 3.0 3.1
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations .. 118.8 121.5 122.4 6 6 7 29 29 3.0
Excluding sales 119.5 122.2 123.2 7 6 8 28 29 34
Professional specialty 120.7 123.5 124.2 6 6 6 27 29 29
Executive, administrative, and
managerial .... 118.1 120.8 122.2 7 5 12 27 3.0 3.5
Administrative support, including
clerical ... 118.9 121.6 122.8 8 6 1.0 34 34 3.3
Blue-collar occupations 115.8 118.2 119.2 7 3 8 28 28 29
Service occupations .. 117.5, 120.4 121.2 8 8 7 26 3.3 3.4
Workers, by industry division
Goods-producing 1 117.0 119.6 120.5 7 5 8 28 29 3.0
Manufacturing .. 118.0 120.8 121.9 6 7 9 29 3.0 3.3
Service-producing 118.2 120.7 121.7 6 4 8 3.0 27 3.0
Services .... 120.9 123.5 124.4 8 6 7 3.0 29 29
Health services .. 122.8 125.4 126.1 5 8 6 28 26 27
Hospitals 122.4 124.9 125.5 6 7 5 29 26 25
Educational services 121.0 124.3 125.0 2 4 6 26 3.0 3.3
Public administration 117.9 120.6 121.9 qt 6 Ww 34 3.4 34
Nonmanufacturing ..... 117.7 120.2 121.1 6 4 7 29 27 29
‘State and local government workers 120.4 123.4 124.3 6 5 7 27 34 3.2
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations .. 120.6 123.6 124.4 6 6 6 2.6 3.4 3.2
Professional specialty and technical 121.1 124.2 124.8 3 5 5 25 29 3.1
Executive, administrative, and
managerial .... 119.8 122.4 124.1 8 7 14 28 3.0 3.6
Administrative support, including
clerical 118.9 121.7 122.5 a a 7 3.0 3.3 3.0
Blue-collar occ 119.7 122.5 123.1 6 6 5 3.0 29 28
Service occupations .. 119.7 123.3 124.6 7 5 WA 29 3.7 44
Workers, by industry division
Services .. 121.1 124.2 124.9 4 5 6 25 3.0 34
Excluding schools 8 .. 121.3 124.0 125.0 7 6 8 24 3.0 3.1
Health services 121.9 125.3 126.0 7 5 6 3.2 3.6 3.4
Hospitals 121.2 125.1 125.8 4 7 6 34 3.6 3.8
Educational servict 120.9 124.2 124.8 2 5 5 25 3.0 3.2
Schools ... 121.0 124.3 125.0 2 4 6 26 3.0 3.3
Elementary and secondary 121.7 124.9 125.5 a 3 5 25 27 34
Colleges and universiti 118.6 122.5 123.2 8 8 & 27 41 3.9
Public administration... 117.9 120.6 121.9 11 6 11 34 3.4 3.4

1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

; finance, insurance, and real estate; service industries; and public administration.
Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail

Formerly called hospitals and other services.



Table 3. COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for total compensation, private industry
workers, by industry and occupational group

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Mar. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995
Mar. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995 | Mar. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995

Private industry workers 121.0 123.5 124.5 1.0 0.4 0.8 3.3 3.4 29
Excluding sales .. 121.4 123.9 125.0 1.0 A a 3.3 34 3.0
White-collar occupations .. 121.5 124.1 125.3 Ww 5 1.0 3.5 3.2 3.4
Excluding sales .. 122.4 125.1 126.3 1.2 6 1.0 3.5 3.4 3.2
Professional specialty and technical 124.6 126.8 127.7 1.4 4 7 35 3.2 25

Executive, administrative, and
manageriat 120.3 123.3 124.9 12 6 1.3 3.3 37 3.8
Sales .. 117.2 119.6 120.2 6 3 5 3.8 27 26
Administrative support, including clerical 122.5 125.1 126.5 Ani 5 VW 3.7 3.2 3.3
Biue-collar occupations 120.3 122.6 123.5 8 2 7 3.2 28 27
Precision production, craft, and repait 120.2 122.5 123.4 11 0 7 3.4 3.0 27

Machine operators, assemblers,

and inspectors .. 121.3 123.4 124.2 4 4 6 3.0 22 24
Transportation and material moving 118.5 120.6 121.8 13 2 1.0 4.0 31 28

Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers ... 120.2 122.9 124.1 9 2 1.0 29 3.2 3.2
Service occupations .. 120.6 122.9 123.4 a 9 4 29 28 23

Production and nonsupervisory
occupations + 120.7 123.1 124.1 8 4 8 3.3 28 28
Goods-producing industries 2 121.8 124.3 125.3 1.0 3 8 3.2 3.4 29
Excluding sales occupations 121.4 124.0 124.9 11 A 7 34 3.2 29
White-collar occupations 123.0 125.9 127.2 1.6 6 1.0 3.7 4.0 3.4
Excluding sales .. 121.9 125.0 126.2 1.7 7 1.0 3.2 43 3.5
Blue-collar occupations . 121.1 123.4 124.1 7 2 6 3.0 27 25
Service occupations 123.5 126.3 127.3 9 +2 8 29 3.2 34
Construction ... 118.6 120.8 121.1 1.8 +5 2 3.2 37 24
Manufacturing ..... 122.5 125.1 126.2 1.0 6 eS) 3.3 341 3.0
White-collar occupations .. 122.7" 126.0 127.4 12 a] 1B) 3.4 3.9 3.8
Excluding sales .... 121.3 124.9 126.1 1.2 Ww 1.0 28 42 4.0
Blue-collar occupations 122.3 124.5 125.3 8 4 6 3.2 26 25
Service occupations . 123.8 127.0 128.0 9 0 8 29 35 3.4
Durables ... 122.9 125.8 127.0 8 6 1.0 3.3 3.2 3.3
Nondurables 121.7 123.8 124.7 1.2 5 7 3.2 29 25
Service-producing industries 3 ... 120.4 122.8 123.9 9 4 a) 3.4 29 29
Excluding sales occupations 121.4 123.8 125.0 1.0 4 1.0 3.5 3.0 3.0
White-collar occupations 121.0 123.4 124.6 1.0 4 1.0 3.5 3.0 3.0
Excluding sale: 122.7 125.1 126.4 V1 4 1.0 3.6 3.0 3.0
Blue-collar occupat 118.4 120.7 122.1 1.0 1 1.2 3.6 3.0 34
Service occupations 120.2 122.5 123.0 g 1.0 4 29 29 23
Transportation and public utilities 119.2 122.1 124.0 14 6 1.6 3.8 3.9 4.0
Transportation 117.4 120.3 122.3 1.2 5 17 3.8 4.0 44
Public utilities .. 121.7 124.4 126.1 15 6 1.4 3.7 3.8 3.6
Communications .. 121.0 124.0 126.3 1.5 a 1.9 3.9 40 44
Electric, gas, and ry 122.7 124.8 125.9 1.6 3 9 3.5 3.3 26
Wholesale and retail trade .... 117.6 120.6 121.7 A a 9 25 3.0 3.5
Excluding sales occupations 118.6 120.9 122.4 5 0 1.2 28 25 3.2

‘See footnotes at end of table.


Table 2. COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for total compensation, civilian and state and
local government workers, by industry and occupational group
Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series . 3 months ended 12 months ended
Mar. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995
Mar, 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995 Mar. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995
Civilian workers 121.3 123.8 124.8 09 0.4 08 3.2 3.0 29
Excluding sale: 121.6 124.2 125.2 9 4 8 3.1 3.4 3.0
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations . 121.8 124.4 125.5 1.0 4 a) 3.3 3.2 3.0
Excluding sales 122.4 125.1 126.3 1.0 5 1.0 3.2 3.2 3.2
Professional specié 123.7 126.2 127.0 1.0 4 6 3.0 3.0 27
Executive, administrative, and
managerial ... 120.6 123.6 125.2 1.0 6 13 3.2 35 3.8
‘Administrative support, including
clerical ..... 122.6 125.2 126.5 141 5 1.0 3.6 3.2 "3.2
Biue-collar occupations 120.4 122.7 123.6 8 2 7 3.2 28 27
Service occupations 121.6 124.3 125.0 9 6 6 3.41 3.2 28
Workers, by industry division
Goods-producing 1 .. 121.9 124.4 125.3 4 4 7 3.3 3.2 28
Manufacturing 122.5 125.1 126.2 1.0 6 9 3.3 34 3.0
Service-producing 2 121.0 123.6 124.6 8 4 8 3.2 3.0 3.0
123.8 126.4 127.2 7 5 6 34 28 27
126.1 128.5 129.4 6 5 7 3.4 25 2.6
125.9 128.4 128.8 7 7 3 3.2 27 23
. 123.2 126.4 126.9 2 3 A 26 28 3.0
Public administration... 121.5 124.2 125.4 1.3 4 1.0 3.3 3.5 3.2
Nonmanufacturing ..... 120.9 123.4 124.4 9 3 8 3.2 3.0 29
State and local government workers 122.6 125.6 126.4 6 5 6 28 3.0 3.41
Workers, by occupational group
White-collar occupations . 122.6 125.5 126.2 6 5 6 26 3.0 29
Professional specialty and technical 122.5 125.5 126.0 4 A A 24 29 2.9
Executive, administrative, and
managerial ... 122.8 125.3 126.9 1.0 5 1.3 3.2 3.0 3.3
Administrative support, including
clerical .. 122.7 125.6 126.3 9 6 6 29 3.3 29
Blue-collar occup: 122.3 124.7 125.4 7 4 6 3.4 27 25
Service occupations 123.1 126.6 127.6 8 5 8 3.4 37 3.7
Workers, by industry division
Services .... 123.1 126.1 126.7 A 4 5 26 29 29
Excluding schools 122.8 125.6 126.4 7 6 6 27 3.0 29
Health services .. 124.2 127.7 128.4 9 A 5 3.3 37 3.4
123.7 127.7 128.4 3 6 5 3.1 3.6 3.8
122.9 126.0 126.5 2 4 4 24 27 29
123.2 126.3 126.8 2 3 4 25 28 29
Elementary and sect 123.7 126.5 127.1 A 2 5 25 23 27
Colleges and universities 121.5 125.5 126.0 7 8 A 26 4.0 3.7
Public administration. .... 121.5 124.2 125.4 1.3 4 1.0 3.3 3.5 3.2
1 includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. trade: finance, insurance, and real estate; service industries; and public administration.

2 includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail

‘Formerty called hospitals and other services.


Table 4. COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost index for total compensation, private industry
workers, by bargaining status, region, and area size

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Mar, 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995
Mar. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995 | Mar. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995.
Workers, by bargaining status

Union 121.9 124.2 125.1 08 0.3 0.7 35 27 26
Blue-collar occupations 121.2 123.4 124.0 5 2 5 3.2 2.3 2.3
Goods-producing industries 1 ... 122.5 124.7 125.2 5 2 4 3.2 23 22
Service-producing industries 2 121.0 123.6 124.8 1.2 6 1.0 3.7 3.3 34
Manufacturing .. 123.6 125.8 126.3 5 4 4 3.2 23 22
Blue-collar occupations .. 123.5 125.6 126.1 5 4 4 3.3 2.2 24
Nonmanufacturing ... 120.5 123.0 124.0 1.0 3 8 3.6 34 29
Nonunion .. 120.7 123.2 124.3 1.0 4 9 3.3 3.1 3.0
Blue-collar occupations 119.6 121.9 123.0 1.2 2 9 3.2 34 28
Goods-producing industries 1 121.5 124.1 125.2 1.3 4 a) 3.2 35 3.0
Service-producing industries 2 120.3 122.7 123.8 9 4 go 3.4 29. 29
Manufacturing .. 122.0 124.8 126.1 1.2 6 1.0 3.3 3.5 34
Blue-collar occupations .. 121.2 123.5 124.5 Wt 4 8 34 3.0 27
Nonmanufacturing ... 120.2 122.5 123.6 1.0 2 a] 3.4 29 28

Workers, by region $
121.6 124.3 125.6 7 2 1.0 3.2 3.0 3.3
120.0 122.5 123.7 1.0 6 1.0 3.3 34 34
122.8 125.0 125.8 1.3 3 6 42 3.4 24
119.4 121.7 122.6 1 3 7 28 3.0 27

Workers, by area size
Metropolitan areas .. 120.9 123.4 124.5 cc) 4 9 3.2 3.0 3.0
Other areas ... 121.3 123.5 124.8 13 2 11 37 3.2 29

7 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail
trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.
‘The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast—Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsyivania, Rhode Island,
ang Vermont; South—Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South

Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest—ilinois, Indiana,
lowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South
Dakota, and Wisconsin; and West—Alaska, Arizona, Califomia, Colorado, Hawaii,
Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the
aggregate, occupation, and industry series.


a United States
News =" 6
. of Labor .

Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212

Technical, historical contact: USDL: 95-138
Wayne Shelly 202/606-6199
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN
Media contact: THIS RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL
Kathryn Hoyle 202/606-5902 8:30 A.M. (EDT), TUESDAY, APRIL 25, 1995

EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX ~MARCH 1995

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) increased 0.8 percent before seasonal adjustment in the 3 months
ended in March 1995, the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The March
1995 ECI level of 124.8 (June 1989=100) was 2.9 percent higher than in March 1994. The ECI measures
changes in compensation costs, including wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.

uarterh es, seasonally adjusted

On a seasonally adjusted basis, ECI compensation/costs rose 0.6 percent in the December 1994-March
1995 period, compared with 0.7 percent in the September-December 1994 period. (See table A below.) ECI
wages and salaries rose 0.8 percent in the December 1994-March 1995 period, up from the 0.6 percent increase
for the September-December 1994 period, but in line with gains of the past two years. Benefit costs rose 0.2
percent, down from 0.7 percent in September-December 1994 and the lowest quarterly increase since March
1987. ;

Table A. Percent changes in Employment Cost Index for civilian workers

. Unadjusted
Compensation Seasonally adjusted 3-months ended 12-months
component June Sep. - Dec. | Mar. June Sep. Dec. | Mar. ended
1993, 1993-1993 | 1994 1994 1994 1994 | 1995 Mar. 1995
Compensation costs..... 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 2.9
Wages and salaries...| 0.7 08 07 / 07 £408 08 06] 08 3.0
Benefit costs... 12,0 0910 | 09 09 09 0.7 | 02 2.8

Beginning with this release, Employment Cost Index measures are based on 1990 fixed
employment counts, rather than 1980 counts. The new employment counts were obtained
primarily from the Bureau of Labor Statistics! Occupational Employment Statistics survey. A
report describing the reweighting, "Introducing 1990 weights for the Employment Cost Index,"
is available upon request.



Table 6. WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only, private
industry workers, by industry and occupational group — Continued

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Mar. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995
Mar. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995 | Mar. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995
Wholesale trade .... 116.2 119.9 120.9 0.2 08 08 2.0 3.0 4.0
€xcluding sales occupations .. 117.8 120.2 122.2 3 5 17 27 23 3.7
Retail trade ... 115.2 117.8 118.7 2 “2 8 23 24 3.0.
General merchandise stores 114.0 117.5 117.9 +9 a 3 1.4 22 3.4
Food stores . 117.0 117.3 117.8 a) “1 A 21 1.2 7
Finance, insurance, and real estate 113.7 114.2 115.0 7 4 7 4.0 12 1
Excluding sales occupations ... 115.5 117.4 119.3 8 2 1.6 3.4 24 3.3
Banking, savings and loan, and other

credit agencies 114.7 116.2 119.2 2 +3 26 23 15 3.9
Insurance 116.0 118.6 119.8 -5 8 1.0 43 17 3.3
Excluding sales occupations. 120.6 122.7 123.8 1.2 3 9 44 29 2.7
Services 120.8 123.0 123.9 1.0 7 7 3.2 28 26
Business services 118.8 120.4 122.1 27 A 1.4 4.0 41 28
Health services .. 123.1 125.4 126.2 4 a) 6 28 23 25
Hospitals ... 122.8 124.8 125.4 7 7 5 29 2.3 a4
Nursing homes - - - 14 6 11, 40 3.6 3.3
Educational servi 121.2 125.1 125.6 2 2 4 34 35 3.6
Colleges and universities .. 122.0 124.9 125.5 3 3 5 3.4 27 29
Nonmanufacturing industries 116.8 119.1 120.0 7 3 8 3.0 27 27
White-collar occupations 117.9 120.2 121.1 6 4 7 34 2.6 27
Excluding sales 119.4 121.8 122.9 8 4 a 34 28 29
Blue-collar occupations 114.2 116.4 117.5 7 0 a 28 26 29
Service occupations ... 116.3 118.6 119.2 1.0 11 5 26 3.0 25

1 This sees has the same industry and occupational coverage as the Hourly 3 includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail

Earpings Index, which was discontinued in January 1989. trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. ~ Data not available.


ant

Table 6. WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only, private
industry workers, by industry and occupational group

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Mar. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995
Mar. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995 | Mar. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995

Private industry workers 117.2 119.7 120.6 0.7 0.5 0.8 29 28 2.9
Excluding sales .. 117.5 120.0 121.0 8 5 8 2.9 29 3.0
White-collar occupations .. 118.3 120.8 121.7 7 5 7 34 28 29
119.0 121.7 122.8 7 6 9 29 3.0 3.2
120.4 123.0 123.7 8 7 6 28 29 27

Executive, administrative, and
managerial 117.8 120.5 121.9 a7 4 12 27 3.0 35
Sales .. 114.8 116.7 116.9 a 2 2 3.9 17 18
Administrative support, including clerical 119.0 121.6 122.9 8 6 Ww 3.3 34 3.3
Blue-coliar occupations .... 115.6 118.0 119.0 7 A 8 28 28 29
Precision production, craft, and repair...) 115.5 117.9 118.8 7 A 8 28 28 29

Machine operators, assemblers,

and inspectors .. 116.2 118.8 119.6 5 7 7 27 28 29
Transportation and material moving .. 113.5, 115.6 117.0 8 3 1.2 3.2 27 31

Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers .. 116.6 118.9 120.1 8 8 1.0 2.6 28 3.0
Service occupations .. 116.3 118.8 119.4 ec) 1.0 5 25 3.0 27

Production and nonsupervisory
‘occupations 1 ... 116.6 119.1 119.9 6 5 7 28 28 28
Goods-producing industries 2 116.9 119.6 120.4 7 & 7 27 3.0 3.0
Excluding sales occupations 116.4 119.1 119.9 7 6 7 26 3.0 3.0
White-collar occupations 119.1 122.0 123.0 8 7 8 3.2 3.2 3.3
Excluding sale: 117.7 120.8 121.8 8 8 8 24 3.4 3.5
Blue-collar occu; 115.6 118.1 118.8 6 5 6 25 28 28
Service occupations 116.4 119.7 120.6 a4 “3 8 22 24 3.6
Construction ... 112.2 114.7 114.8 1.0 aA 1 25 3.2 23
Manufacturing ..... 118.0 120.8 121.9 » 6 7 9 29 3.0 3.3
White-collar occupations .. 119.5 122.7 123.9 6 8 1.0 3.0 3.3 3.7
Excluding sales 118.0 121.4 122.4 7 1.0 8 23 3.6 3.7
Blue-collar occupations 116.9 119.5 “120.4 6 7 8 26 28 3.0
Service occupations .. 116.8 120.6 121.5 “4 0 7 2.2 28 4.0
Durabies .... 117.8 120.8 121.9 5 & a 3.0 3.1 3.5
Nondurables 118.3 120.8 121.9 7 A 9 24 28 3.0
Service-producing industries 3 117.3 119.7 120.7 6 4 8 3.0 27 29
Excluding sales occupations 118.3 120.7 121.8 8 A 3 3.0 28 3.0
White-collar occupations 118.0 120.4 121.3 6 A 7 3.1 2.6 28
Excluding sales ... 119.6 122.1 123.2 8 5 a 3.1 29 3.0
Blue-collar occupations 115.5, 117.6 119.2 B&B a 1.4 3.2 26 3.2
Service occupations .... 116.3 118.7 119.3 1.0 1.2 5 25 3.0 26
Transportation and public utili 116.4 119.6 121.2 a) 6 1.3 34 3.6 41
Transportation 114.2 117.5 119.0 7 7 1.3 34 3.6 42
Public utilities 119.1 122.3 123.9 1.0 7 1.3 3.2 37 4.0
Communicat 118.4 122.1 124.3 14 9 1.8 3.2 43 5.0
Electric, gas, and sanitary services 119.9 122.4 123.4 9 4 8 3.41 3.0 29
Wholesale and retail trade .... 115.5 118.4 119.4 a 8 22 26 3.4
Excluding sales occupations 116.5 118.8 120.2 3 1.2 2.6 23 3.2

‘See footnotes at end of table.


Table 3. COMPENSATION (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for total compensation, private industry
workers, by industry and occupational group — Continued

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Mar. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995

Mar. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995 | Mar. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995
Wholesale trade ... 117.9 121.5 123.2 01 07 14 23 34 45
Excluding sales occupations . 119.3 122.0 124.4 5 6 2.0 28 28 43
Retail trade ... 117.5 120.1 120.9 6 +2 7 26 28 29
General merchandise stores 115.3 119.3 120.1 a) 5 7 11 26 42
Food stores .... 119.6 120.0 120.8 Ww =2 7 3.2 1.4 1.0
Finance, insurance, and real estate 417.7 118.9 120.2 Ww 3 Ww 45 24 24
Excluding sales occupations ... 119.7 121.8 123.7 13 2 1.6 42 3.0 3.3

Banking, savings and loan, and other

credit agencies 118.7 120.5 123.5 8 12 25 3.6 2.3 4.0
Insurance .. 119.9 122.3 123.5 2 7 1.0 49 2.2 3.0
Excluding sales occupations 124.4 126.5 127.6 1.4 4 a) 49 3.4 26
Services .. 124.4 126.6 127.5 11 6 7 3.6 28 25
Business 121.3 123.0 124.5 23 5 1.2 41 3.7 26
Health services 126.7 128.7 129.7 6 6 8 3.0 24 24
Hospitals .... 126.7 128.6 128.9 a 7 2 3.3 24 17
Nursing homes .. - - - 1.2 5 VA 3.9 3.3 34
Educational services 124.5 128.4 128.8 3 2 3 3.3 3.5 35
Colleges and universities 125.7 128.8 129.3 3 2 A 3.5 28 29
Nonmanufacturing industries 120.3 122.6 123.7 11 2 9 3.4 3.0 28
White-collar occupations .. 121.1 123.5 124.7 1.0 3 1.0 3.5 3.0 3.0
Excluding sales .. 122.8 125.1 126.4 1.2 3 1.0 3.6 3.0 29
Blue-collar occupations 118.2 120.5 121.5 9 0 8 34 29 28
Service occupations 120.2 122.4 123.0 a a 5 2.9 2.8 2.3

1 This series has the same industry and occupational coverage as the Hourly S Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail

Earpings Index, whien was discontinued in January 1989. trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. ~ Data not available.


Table 1. SEASONALLY ADJUSTED: Employment Cost index for total compensation, wages and salaries, and benefit costs, by
industry and occupational group

Indexes (June
Percent changes for 3-months ended
Series 1989=100)
Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995 | June 1993 | Sep. 1993 | Dec. 1993 | Mar. 1994 | June 1994 | Sep. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995
COMPENSATION
Civilian workers .... 123.8 124.6 09 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6
State and local government ........ 125.4 126.3 8 5 7 zc) 8 6 6 7
Private industry workers 123.6 124.3 a) 8 8 8 8 8 7 6
White-coliar occupations 124.3 125.2 8 9 a 8 a) 7 7 7
Blue-collar occupations . 122.9 123.4 a 9 8 5 7 3 6 4
Service occupations .... 123.0 123.3 9 7 6 8 5 7 a 2
Goods-producing industries 1 124.5 125.1 a 8 8 7 1.0 8 6 5
Construction .. 121.1 121.2 Za 7 2 1.6 Ww 1.0 A a
Manufacturing 125.4 126.0 1.0. 8 8 6 a] 9 7 5
Durables 126.0 126.8 1.0 8 9 5 a) Ww 7 6
Nondurables 124.1 124.5 a 8B 7 7 9 6 i) 3
Service-producing industries 2 122.9 123.8 8 a 9 7 7 7 7
Transportation and public
utilities .. 122.4 123.8 1.0 7 9 Ww 5 1.3 9 11
Wholesale trade 121.4 123.4 5 5 9 3 V4 1.2 5 16
Retail trade 120.3 121.2 4 6 a 7 3 14 A 7
Finance, inst
estate 3 118.9 120.2 4 2.3 6 4A 0 7 3 1
Services .. 126.7 127.3 9 8 8 7 6 7 5
Nonmanufacturing industries ...| 122.8 123.6 9 9 8 8 8 8 5 7
WAGES AND SALARIES
Civilian workers .... 120.3 121.3 0.7 08 07 0.7 08 0.8 0.6 0.8
State and local government ........] 123.2 124.4 7 5 7 8 7 7 8 1.0
Private industry workers 119.8 120.6 & 9 7 8 9 7 6 7
White-collar occupation: 120.9 121.7 7 1.0 9 6 8 7 7 7
Blue-collar occupations 3 118.0 119.0 6 8 6 7 8 a 4 8
Service occupations ... 118.8 119.4 6 5 4 a 5 6 1.0 5
Goods-producing industries 1.3 119.6 120.4 6 7 7 7 a 8 6 7
Construction 114.9 115.0 5 6 3 1.0 1.0 7 5 a
Manufacturing 3 120.8 121.9 7 7 a) 6 8B 8 7 x)
Durables 3 120.8 121.9 6 7 1 5 8 9 8&8 9
Nondurable: 121.0 121.9 7 6 7 4 9 9 5 7
Service-producing industries 2 119.7 120.8 7 1.0 8 6 7 8 5 9
Transportation and public
utilities .... 119.7 121.2 9 6 8 8 7 14 8 1.3
Wholesale trade 119.8 121.3 5 3 1.0 a 1.2 g 7 1.3
Retail trade .... 118.0 119.1 5 6 Be] 3 1.0 Q 3 9
Finance, insurance, and real
estate 3 114.2 115.0 0 27 5 7 “4 5 4 7
Services .. 123.0 123.8 8 8 7 9 7 5 7 7
Nonmanufacturing industries...) 119.2 120.0 a 1.0 7 6 8 8 5 7

See footnotes at end of table.


Table 9. AEROSPACE (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED): Employment Cost Index for workers in aerospace manufacturing, by

industry and occupation
Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Mar. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995
Mar. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995 | Mar. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995
COMPENSATION
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) . 126.2 129.2 130.6 0.8 0.4 Wt 17 3.2 3.5
White-collar occupations 122.7 125.3 126.7 7 0 Ww 1.8 29 3.3
Blue-collar occupations 130.9 134.2 135.7 8 8 Ww 1.3 3.4 3.7
WAGES AND SALARIES
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) .. 122.4 124.8 125.7 0.7 0.6 07 38 2.6 27
White-collar occupations 118.1 120.2 121.0 7 3 7 37 25 25
Blue-collar occupations 128.7 131.7 132.7 & 1.2 8 3.9 3.0 3.1
BENEFIT COSTS
Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721) .. 134.4 138.4 141.0 1.0 0.2 1.9 2.3 4.0 49
White-collar occupations 133.5, 137.3 140.1 8 5 2.0 2.0 3.6 49
Blue-collar occupations 135.0 139.2 141.6 Ww a 17 31 43 49

NOTE: SIC refers to the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification System code as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.


17

1980 Census were used as weights. Prior to June 1986, employment counts from the 1970 Census
were used.

For the series based on bargaining status, region, or area size, employment data are not
available from the Census. The employment weights are reallocated within these series each
quarter based on the current ECI sample. The indexes for these series, consequently, are not strictly
comparable to those for the aggregate, industry, and occupation series. A fuller explanation of the
calculation of index numbers appears in an article, "Estimation procedures for the Employment
Cost Index," in the May 1982 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.

Beginning with the March 1990 ECI release, indexes were rebased to June 1989=100. A
description of the rebasing is included in the article "Employment Cost Index Rebased to June
1989," in the April 1990 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.

Beginning with the December 1990 ECI release, seasonally adjusted data are available for
selected ECI series. Seasonal adjustment removes the effects of events that follow a more or less
regular pattern each year. These adjustments make nonseasonal patterns easier to spot. ECI series .
are seasonally adjusted using either direct or composite seasonally adjusted estimates. Industry and
occupational series, such as construction and service occupations, are adjusted directly. More
aggregate series, such as civilian or private industry workers, use composite estimates. The
composite estimates could be obtained by aggregating either the industry or the occupational
components, and the results may differ depending on which method is used. The aggregate
seasonally adjusted ECI series are estimated by aggregating the component seasonally adjusted
industry series, so they are not necessarily a weighted average of the component occupation series.

The costs per hour worked of compensation components, based on March 1994 data from
the ECI, are published in a separate news release titled "Employer Costs for Employee
Compensation - March 1994." A description of the cost levels is provided in the article "Analyzing
employers’ costs for wages, salaries, and benefits" in the October 1987 issue of the Monthly Labor
Review. The cost levels, which are published annually in mid-June, are calculated with current
employment weights, rather than the fixed 1980 Census weights used in computing the ECI.
Therefore, year-to-year changes in the cost levels will usually differ from those in the ECI.

More detailed information on the ECI is available in several sources. These include an
annual bulletin, Employment Cost Indexes and Levels, 1975-94, (Bulletin 2447); a chapter in the
BLS Handbook of Methods (Bulletin 2414), "The Employment Cost Index;" and several articles
published in the Monthly Labor Review. The annual bulletin is available from the Superintendent
of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, or Bureau of Labor
Statistics, Publications Sales Center, P.O. Box 2145, Chicago, Illinois 60690. Reprints of the
articles plus other descriptive pieces and a complete historical listing are available upon request.
ECT historical data are also available on data diskettes.

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon
request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828, Telecommunications Device for the Deaf (TDD) phone: 202-
606-5897, TDD Message Referral Phone Number: 1-800-326-2577.


3

Employment Cost Index

Chart A. Changes in wages and salaries | Chart B. Changes in benefits, seasonally
and benefit costs, private industry adjusted and not seasonally adjusted,

i Wages & salaries . Benefits private industry

i _ - Seasonally adjusted Not seasonally adjusted
12-month percent change }
14 E ' 3-month percent change

6t

12> H

i
Wr i

81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 “95
| Chart C. Changes in benefits by - Chart D. Changes in benefits, by
industry sector, private industry bargaining status, private industry

**Goods-producing Service-producing Union Non-union
i 12-month percent change 12-month percent change

14 [
127
10 -
Bb
6E
4b
2b
0 i eWa UWE RUTECUESEWSD EUW COWS ENTS FEWS EYES EVES SECS CUTE ETTE FTTS

81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95

Bureau of Labor Statistics, Division of Employment Cost Trends; April 1995; 202/606-6199



Over-the-year changes, unadjusted

Compensation costs for civilian workers (not seasonally adjusted) increased 2.9 percent for the year
ended in March 1995, the lowest increase since the series began in 1981. Compensation costs for private
industry workers also rose 2.9 percent, the lowest 12-month increase since that series began in 1979.

For private industry workers, both wages and salaries and benefit costs rose 2.9 percent over the year
ended in March 1995. Wage and salary gains were about the same as for the year ended in December 1994, but
benefit cost increases were substantially lower (2.9 percent, down from 3.7 percent). This moderation in benefit
cost gains reflected a continuing slowdown in the rate of increase in health, workers' compensation, and state
unemployment insurance costs, as well as in employers’ payments to retirement funds.

For the year ended in March 1995, compensation cost increases in private industry were the same for
goods-producing industries as for service-producing industries (both 2.9 percent). Among goods-producing
industries, the gains ranged from 2.1 percent in construction to 3.3 percent in durable goods manufacturing. In
the service-producing industries, the gains ranged from 1.0 percent in food stores to 4.5 percent in wholesale
trade. (See table 3.)

Compensation cost increases in private industry were higher for white-collar occupations (3.1 percent)
than for blue-collar (2.7 percent) or service occupations (2.3 percent). White-collar gains ranged from 2.5
percent for professional specialty and technical occupations to 3.8 percent for executive, administrative, and
managerial occupations. Blue-collar gains ranged from 2.4 percent for machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors to 3.2 percent for handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers.

Compensation cost gains over the year ended in March 1995 were higher for nonunion workers (3.0
percent) than for union workers (2.6 percent). Goods- and service-producing industries showed very different
patterns, however. For goods-producing industries, compensation costs rose 3.0 for nonunion workers and 2.2
percent for union workers. Corresponding figures for service-producing industries were 2.9 percent and 3.1
percent.

BLS Data Now Available on the INTERNET

LABSTAT, the Bureau of Labor Statistics public database, provides current and historical data for
many surveys as well as numerous news releases. LABSTAT on the Internet is composed of individual
databases (in flat file format) corresponding to each of the surveys. Internet users should use
Anonymous FTP to access BLS data: stats.bls.gov. Non-Internet users should use the limited dial-in
service through a Bulletin Board Service to access BLS data; phone number (202)606-7060.

The Employment Cost Index and Employer Costs for Employee Compensation are identified by the
two-character survey name EC.

For each news release published by the BLS, the two most current issues are stored in the
pub/news.release directory.

If you have questions or comments regarding the LABSTAT system on the Internet, address e-mail to
labstat.helpdesk@bls.gov.

ECI data for June 1995 will be released on Tuesday, July 25, 1995, at 8:30 AM. (EDT).


13

Table 7, WAGES AND SALARIES (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED):

industry workers, by bargaining status, region, and area size

Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries only, private

Indexes (June 1989=100) Percent changes for
Series 3 months ended 12 months ended
Mar. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995
Mar. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995 | Mar. 1994 | Dec. 1994 | Mar. 1995
Workers, by bargaining status
Union .... 116.5 119.1 119.8 0.7 0.4 0.6 3.0 29 28
Blue-collar occupations 115.1 117.6 118.2 5 3 5 28 27 27
Goods-producing industries 1 115.4 117.9 118.4 5 3 A 2.9 27 26
Service-producing industries 2 118.0 120.6 121.6 1.0 4 8 3.3 3.3 3.1
Manufacturing ... 116.6 119.2 119.8 6 6 5 3.0 28 27
Blue-collar occupations 116.4 118.9 119.5 & 5 5 29 28 27
Nonmanufacturing ... 116.4 119.0 119.8 8 3 7 3.0 3.0 29
Nonunion . 117.4 119.8 120.8 7 5 8 29 27 29
Blue-collar occupations 115.9 118.3 119.5 8 5 1.0 27 29 3.1
Goods-producing industries 1 117.6 120.3 121.3 8 7 8 28 3.1 3.1
Service-producing industries 2 117.2 119.5 120.5 5 4 8 3.0 25 2.8
Manufacturing .. 118.6 121.5 122.7 6 8 1.0 28 3.1 35
Blue-collar occupations 117.5 120.0 121.2 7 8 1.0 25 28 34
Nonmanufacturing .. 116.9 119.1 120.0 7 3 8 3.0 26 27
Workers, by ragion 3
Northeast .. 117.8 120.2 121.3 4 2 a 28 25 3.0
South 116.6 119.1 120.0 5 5 8 26 27 29
Midwest 117.5 120.1 120.9 2g 5 7 3.5 3.4 29
West .. 116.6 119.0 119.9 8 8 8 26 29 28
Workers, by area size
Metropolitan areas .. 117.2 119.7 120.6 6 5 8 29 27 29
Other areas .. 117.0 119.0 120.5 1.0 3 1.3 3.1 28 3.0

1 includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.

includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail
finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.

The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast—Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsyivania, Rhode Island,
and Vermont; South—Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South

trage:

Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest—llinois, Indiana,
lowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South
Dakota, and Wisconsin; and West—Alaska, Arizona, Califomia, Colorado, Hawaii,
Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NOTE: The indéxes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the
aggregate, occupation, and industry series.


16
EXPLANATORY NOTE

The Employment Cost Index (ECI) is a measure of the change in the cost of labor, free from
the influence of employment shifts among occupations and industries. The compensation series
includes changes in wages and salaries and employer costs for employee benefits. The wage and
salary series and the benefit cost series provide the change for the two components of
compensation.

Wages and salaries are defined as the hourly straight-time wage rate or, for workers not paid
on an hourly basis, straight-time earnings divided by the corresponding hours. Straight-time wage
and salary rates are total earnings before payroll deductions, excluding premium pay. for overtime
and for work on weekends and holidays, shift differentials, and nonproduction bonuses such as
lump-sum payments provided in lieu of wage increases. Production bonuses, incentive earnings,
commission payments, and cost-of-living adjustments are included in straight-time wage and salary
rates.

Benefits covered by the ECI are: Paid leave (vacations, holidays, sick leave, and other
leave); supplemental pay (premium pay for overtime, shift differentials, and nonproduction bonuses
such as lump-sum payments provided in lieu of wage increases); insurance benefits (life, health,
and sickness and accident); retirement and savings benefits (pension and other retirement plans and
savings and thrift plans); legally required benefits (social security, railroad retirement and
supplemental retirement, railroad unemployment insurance, Federal and State unemployment
insurance, workers' compensation, and other legally required benefits such as State temporary ~
disability); and other benefits (severance pay and supplemental unemployment plans).

The ECI provides data for the civilian economy, which includes the total private economy
and the public sector--excluding farms, households, and the Federal government. The private
industry series and the State and local government series provide data for the two sectors separately.

Each quarter, straight-time average hourly wage and salary rates and benefit cost data
(cents-per-hour-worked) are collected from a probability sample of nearly 22,000 occupations
within over 4,200 sample establishments in private industry and nearly 6,000 occupations within
about 900 sample establishments in State and local governments. Data are collected for the pay
period including the 12th day of the survey months of March, June, September, and December.

The sample establishments are classified in industry categories based on the 1987 Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC), as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget.

Within an establishment, specific job categories are selected to represent broader
occupational definitions. From June 1986 through December 1994, the jobs were classified
according to definitions used in the 1980 Census. Prior to June 1986, they were classified
according to the 1970 Census. Differences between the two classification systems are slight, as
indicated in the article "Introducing new weights for the Employment Cost Index," in the June 1985
issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning with March 1995, the jobs are classified according
to the 1990 Census, which differs little from the 1980 Census.

Fixed employment weights are used each quarter to calculate the most aggregate indexes--
civilian, private, and State and local governments. These fixed weights are also used to derive all
of the industry and occupation series indexes. Beginning in March 1995, 1990 employment counts
primarily from the Bureau's Occupational Employment Survey were used. A description of the
reweighting is included in an article "Introducing 1990 Weights for the Employment Cost Index,"
that will be published in the June 1995 issue of Compensation and Working Conditions and that is
available upon request. From June 1986 through December 1994, employment counts from the