U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

DECEMBER 2014 REPORT 1051

BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 1

Highlights of women’s earnings 

in 2013

I

n 2013, women who were full-time wage and salary 

workers had median usual weekly earnings of $706. On 

average in 2013, women made 82 percent of the median 

weekly earnings of male full-time wage and salary workers 

($860). In 1979, the first year for which comparable

earnings data are available, women earned 62 percent of 

what men earned. (See chart 1 and tables 1 and 12.) 

This report presents earnings data from the Current 

Population Survey (CPS), a national monthly survey of 

approximately 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. 

Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 

(BLS). Information on earnings is collected from onefourth of the CPS sample each month. It is important to 

note that the comparisons of earnings in this report are 

on a broad level and do not control for many factors that 

can be significant in explaining earnings differences.

See the accompanying technical notes section for more 

information, including a description of the source of the 

data and an explanation of the concepts and definitions

used in this report. 

Earnings of full-time workers

Below are data highlights for women and men who work 

full time, with sections focusing on characteristics such as 

age, race and ethnicity, education, occupation, and more. 

Age 

Median weekly earnings were highest for women age 35 to 

64 in 2013, with little difference in the earnings of 35- to 

44-year-olds ($767), 45- to 54-year-olds ($761), and 55- to 

64-year-olds ($779). Among men, workers who were age 

CONTENTS

Earnings of full-time workers. 

Age. 

Race and ethnicity. 

Education. 

Occupation. 

Earnings among parents. 

State of residence. 

Weekly work hours. 

Earnings of part-time workers. 

Earnings of workers paid by the hour. 

Statistical Tables. 

Technical Notes. .
2 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

45 to 64 had the highest earnings, with 45- to 54-yearolds ($994) making about the same as 55- to 64-year-olds 

($1,011). Young women and men age 16 to 24 had the 

lowest earnings ($423 and $479, respectively). (See table 1.) 

Among the four age groupings of those 35 years and older, 

women’s earnings ranged from 74 percent to 80 percent of 

the earnings of their male counterparts. In the younger age 

groups, the earnings differences between women and men 

were smaller, with women earning 89 to 90 percent of what 

men earned. (See table 1.) 

Between 1979 and 2013, women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios 

rose for most age groups. Among 25- to 34-year-olds, for 

example, the ratio increased from 68 percent in 1979 to 

89 percent in 2013, while the ratio for 45- to 54-year-olds 

increased from 57 percent to 77 percent. (See table 12.) 

Race and ethnicity

Asian women and men earned more than their White, 

Black, and Hispanic or Latino counterparts in 2013. 

Among women, Whites ($722) earned 88 percent as 

much as Asian women ($819), while Blacks ($606) 

and Hispanics ($541) earned 74 percent and 66 percent 

as much as their Asian counterparts, respectively. In 

comparison, White men ($884) earned 83 percent as 

much as Asian men ($1,059); Black men ($664) earned 63 

percent as much; and Hispanic men ($594), 56 percent. 

(See chart 2 and table 1.)

Earnings differences between women and men were 

the most pronounced for Asians and for Whites. Asian 

women earned 77 percent as much as Asian men in 2013, 

and White women earned 82 percent as much as their 

male counterparts. In comparison, Black and Hispanic 

women had median earnings that were 91 percent of those 

of their male counterparts. (See table 1.)

When adjusted for inflation, women’s earnings since 1979

have increased considerably across the major race and 

Hispanic ethnicity categories. Earnings growth has been 

greatest for White women, outpacing that of their Black 

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013

Note: Percentages are calculated from annual averages of median usual weekly earnings 

for full-time wage and salary workers.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, for full-time wage and salary workers, 

1979–2013 annual averages 

In percent

Chart 1

Note: Percentages are calculated from annual averages of median usual weekly earnings for full-time wage and salary workers.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 3

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

and Hispanic counterparts. Between 1979 and 2013, 

inflation-adjusted earnings (also called constant-dollar

earnings) rose by 31 percent for White women, compared 

with an increase of 20 percent for Black women and 

15 percent for Hispanic women. In contrast, inflationadjusted earnings for White and Black men declined 

slightly (1 percent and 2 percent, respectively) from 1979 

to 2013, and Hispanic men’s earnings fell by 9 percent. 

(See table 18.) Asians were not included in this analysis 

because comparable data for the group are not available 

until 2003. (See note in table 18.)

Education

Median weekly earnings vary significantly by level of

educational attainment. Among all workers age 25 and 

older, the weekly earnings of those without a high school 

diploma ($472) were two-fifths of those with a bachelor’s

degree or higher ($1,194) in 2013. For workers with a 

high school diploma who had not attended college ($651), 

median earnings were a little more than half of those 

with a bachelor’s degree or higher. Earnings for those 

with some college or an associate’s degree ($748) were 

just under two-thirds of what workers with a bachelor’s 

degree or more made. (See table 1.)

At each level of education, women have fared better than 

men with respect to earnings growth. Although both 

women and men without a high school diploma have 

experienced declines in inflation-adjusted earnings since

1979, the drop for women was much smaller than that 

for men: a 12-percent decrease for women as opposed to 

a 34-percent decline for men. On an inflation-adjusted

basis, earnings for women with a bachelor’s degree or 

higher have increased by 32 percent since 1979, while 

those of their male counterparts have risen by 18 percent. 

(Data pertain to workers age 25 and older.) (See chart 3 

and table 19.)

$706 $722

$606

$819

$541

$860 $884

$664

$1,059

$594

$0

$200

$400

$600

$800

$1,000

$1,200

Total White Black or African

American

Asian Hispanic or Latino

ethnicity

Women Men

Note: People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race. Estimates for the race 

groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include Hispanics. 

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Median usual weekly earnings of women and men who are full-time wage and salary 

workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2013 annual averages

Earnings (dollars)

Chart 2

Note: People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race. Estimates for the race groups shown

(White, Black or African American, and Asian) include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
4 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Occupation

Among both women and men, median weekly earnings 

for those working full time in management, business, 

and financial operations jobs were higher than in any

other major occupational category in 2013 ($1,049 for 

women and $1,412 for men). Of women in management, 

business, and financial operations occupations,

those who were chief executives and computer and 

information systems managers had the highest median 

weekly earnings ($1,811 and $1,549, respectively). 

Among men in this job group, chief executives and 

architectural and engineering managers had the highest 

earnings ($2,266 and $1,898, respectively). The second 

highest paying major occupational category for women 

and men was professional and related occupations 

($944 for women and $1,295 for men). Among women 

in professional and related occupations, those who 

were pharmacists ($1,802) and lawyers ($1,566) had the 

highest earnings. For men in professional and related 

occupations, those who were pharmacists ($2,092), 

physicians and surgeons ($2,087), and lawyers ($1,986) 

earned the most. (See table 2.)

The occupational distributions of female and male fulltime workers differ considerably. Compared with men, 

relatively few women work in construction, production, 

or transportation occupations, and women are far more 

concentrated in office and administrative support jobs.

(See table 2.)

Women are more likely than men to work in professional 

and related occupations. In 2013, 29 percent of women 

worked in professional and related occupations, compared 

with 19 percent of men. Within this occupational 

category, though, the proportion of women employed in 

the higher paying job groups is much smaller than the 

proportion of men employed in them. In 2013, 9 percent 

of women in professional and related occupations were 

employed in the relatively high-paying computer and 

-12

3

4

32

-34

-21

-13

18

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

Less than a high school diploma

High school graduates, no college

Some college or associate degree

Bachelor's degree and higher

Women Men

Note: Data relate to earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, 25 years and older.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Percentage change

Percentage change in inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings of women and men, 

by educational attainment, 1979–2013

Chart 3

Note: Data relate to earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, 25 years and older.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 5

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

engineering fields, compared with 44 percent of men.

Women in professional and related occupations were 

more likely to work in education and healthcare jobs, in 

which the pay is generally lower than that for computer 

and engineering jobs. Sixty-nine percent of women 

in professional occupations worked in education and 

healthcare jobs in 2013, compared with 30 percent of 

men. (See chart 4 and table 2.)

Earnings among parents

In 2013, a little more than one-third of full-time wage 

and salary workers were parents of children under age 

18 (36 percent of women and 37 percent of men). Among 

women, median weekly earnings for mothers of children 

under age 18 ($701) were essentially the same as earnings 

for women without children under 18 ($708). Among men, 

earnings for fathers with children under 18 were $950, 

compared with $804 for men without children under 18. 

(See table 7.) 

State of residence 

Median weekly earnings and women’s-to-men’s earnings 

ratios vary by state of residence. (In this section, “state” 

refers to the 50 states and the District of Columbia.) The 

differences among the states reflect, in part, variation in

the occupations and industries found in each state and 

differences in the demographic composition of each state’s 

labor force. In general, the sampling error for the state 

estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national 

estimates; thus, comparisons of state estimates should 

be made with caution. In addition, it should be noted 

that while earnings are shown based on workers’ state of 

residence, their reported earnings may or may not be from 

a job located in the same state. (See table 3.)

Weekly work hours 

Among full-time workers (that is, those working at a job 35 

hours or more per week), men are more likely than women 

17.2

29.4

16.1

8.7

21.6

0.9

6.1

15.9

19.1

13.1

9.3

6.5

17.1

19.1

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Management,

business, and

financial

operations

occupations

Professional and

related

occupations

Service

occupations

Sales and related

occupations

Office and

administrative

support

occupations

Natural resources,

construction, and

maintenance

occupations

Production,

transportation,

and material

moving

occupations

Women Men

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Percentage of total employment 

Distribution of full-time wage and salary employment for women and men, by major 

occupational group, 2013 annual averages

Chart 4

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
6 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

to have a longer workweek. Twenty-five percent of men

worked 41 or more hours per week in 2013, compared with 

14 percent of women who did so. Women were more likely 

than men to work 35 to 39 hours per week: 12 percent of 

women worked those hours in 2013, while 5 percent of men 

did. A large majority of both male and female full-time 

workers had a 40-hour workweek; among these workers, 

women earned 90 percent as much as men earned. (People 

who usually work 35 or more hours per week but whose 

hours vary were excluded from this analysis.) (See table 5.)

Earnings of part-time workers

Women are more likely than men to work part time—that 

is, less than 35 hours per week on a sole or principal job. 

Women who worked part time made up 26 percent of all 

female wage and salary workers in 2013. In contrast, 13 

percent of men in wage and salary jobs worked part time. 

(See tables 4 and 5.) 

Women and men who worked part time had fairly similar 

median earnings. Median weekly earnings for female parttimers were $241 in 2013, slightly above the $230 median 

for their male counterparts. (See table 4.)

Men who work part time tend to be younger than women 

who work part time. In 2013, 43 percent of male part-time 

workers were 16 to 24 years old, compared with 29 percent 

of female part-time workers. (See table 4.) 

Earnings of workers paid by the hour

Sixty-two percent of women and 56 percent of men 

employed in wage and salary jobs were paid by the hour 

in 2013. Women who were paid hourly rates had median 

hourly earnings of $12.12, which was 87 percent of the 

median for men paid by the hour ($14.00). (See tables 8 

and 11.)

Among workers who were paid hourly rates in 2013, 

5 percent of women and 3 percent of men had hourly 

earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage 

of $7.25. (See table 10.) 

Among both women and men, hourly paid workers age 

16 to 19 were the most likely to have earnings at or below 

the minimum wage. Twenty percent of teenage workers 

who were paid hourly rates earned the prevailing federal 

minimum wage or less in 2013, compared with just 3 

percent of hourly paid workers age 25 and older. Eight 

percent of workers age 20 to 24 had earnings at or below 

the minimum wage. (See table 10.) See the technical notes 

section for information about estimating the number of 

minimum wage workers.
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 7

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Statistical Tables
8 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics, 2013

annual averages

Characteristic

Total Women Men

Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Age

Total, 16 years and older...................... 104,262 $776 $2 46,268 $706 $3 57,994 $860 $3 82.1

16 to 24 years................................ 9,247 454 4 4,041 423 3 5,207 479 4 88.3

16 to 19 years............................. 1,084 373 5 453 350 7 630 390 6 89.7

20 to 24 years............................. 8,164 472 4 3,587 442 5 4,577 492 4 89.8

25 years and older.......................... 95,015 827 2 42,228 740 2 52,787 912 3 81.1

25 to 34 years............................. 25,081 708 4 10,891 665 4 14,190 744 5 89.4

35 to 44 years............................. 24,303 874 5 10,480 767 5 13,823 956 7 80.2

45 to 54 years............................. 25,100 883 4 11,391 761 5 13,708 994 7 76.6

55 to 64 years............................. 17,066 904 5 7,967 779 7 9,100 1,011 9 77.1

65 years and older........................ 3,465 801 16 1,498 691 13 1,966 937 19 73.7

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White............................................. 82,672 802 3 35,619 722 3 47,053 884 3 81.7

Black or African American.................... 12,439 629 4 6,588 606 4 5,851 664 7 91.3

Asian............................................. 6,073 942 11 2,698 819 17 3,376 1,059 21 77.3

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................... 16,859 578 4 6,534 541 7 10,325 594 4 91.1

Marital Status

Never married................................... 28,410 613 2 12,594 597 3 15,817 627 4 95.2

Married, spouse present....................... 58,610 894 3 23,915 768 3 34,695 985 5 78.0

Other marital status............................ 17,242 740 4 9,760 692 6 7,483 814 8 85.0

Divorced...................................... 11,568 779 6 6,548 730 6 5,020 870 10 83.9

Separated..................................... 4,092 637 10 2,031 596 8 2,061 701 12 85.0

Widowed...................................... 1,582 696 12 1,181 671 16 401 774 40 86.7

Union Affiliation1

Members of unions2............................ 13,020 950 5 5,612 898 7 7,409 991 7 90.6

Represented by unions3

....................... 14,341 944 5 6,248 893 7 8,093 985 7 90.7

Not represented by a union................... 89,921 750 2 40,020 676 3 49,902 831 4 81.3

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and older...................... 95,015 827 2 42,228 740 2 52,787 912 3 81.1

Less than a high school diploma.......... 6,956 472 4 2,133 400 4 4,822 500 3 80.0

High school graduates, no college. . . . . . .. 25,043 651 3 10,115 573 3 14,928 732 4 78.3

Some college or associate degree........ 26,034 748 3 12,346 657 4 13,688 858 6 76.6

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............. 36,982 1,194 7 17,633 1,043 5 19,349 1,395 8 74.8

1 Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective

bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, industry, and geographic region.

2 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.

3 Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association

contract.

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all

race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 9

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2013

annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Total, full-time wage and salary workers. . .. 104,262 $776 $2 46,268 $706 $3 57,994 $860 $3 82.1

Management, professional, and related

occupations................................... 41,820 1,132 4 21,530 973 4 20,290 1,349 6 72.1

Management, business, and financial

operations occupations................... 17,137 1,208 10 7,937 1,049 8 9,200 1,412 12 74.3

Management occupations................ 11,501 1,285 16 4,737 1,103 16 6,764 1,456 12 75.8

Chief executives........................ 1,051 2,069 72 286 1,811 107 764 2,266 98 79.9

General and operations managers. .. 947 1,370 32 250 1,161 43 698 1,444 33 80.4

Legislators............................... 10 – – 4 – – 6 – – –

Advertising and promotions

managers............................. 53 1,526 590 35 – – 18 – – –

Marketing and sales managers....... 829 1,389 41 353 1,124 39 476 1,658 34 67.8

Public relations and fundraising

managers............................. 51 1,159 27 29 – – 21 – – –

Administrative services managers. .. 109 1,198 76 38 – – 71 1,232 70 –

Computer and information systems

managers............................. 570 1,728 51 163 1,549 54 407 1,769 98 87.6

Financial managers.................... 1,127 1,236 22 613 1,064 24 514 1,518 43 70.1

Compensation and benefits

managers............................. 11 – – 8 – – 3 – – –

Human resources managers.......... 211 1,327 169 152 1,240 49 60 1,536 67 80.7

Training and development

managers............................. 33 – – 17 – – 16 – – –

Industrial production managers....... 256 1,338 39 41 – – 215 1,352 44 –

Purchasing managers.................. 181 1,358 52 89 1,290 63 92 1,441 22 89.5

Transportation, storage, and

distribution managers............... 252 1,005 26 58 920 124 194 1,029 49 89.4

Farmers, ranchers, and other

agricultural managers............... 97 731 37 19 – – 78 716 68 –

Construction managers................ 414 1,275 63 38 – – 376 1,328 54 –

Education administrators.............. 698 1,259 23 450 1,130 33 248 1,543 40 73.2

Architectural and engineering

managers............................. 117 1,894 24 13 – – 104 1,898 25 –

Food service managers............... 716 701 19 335 620 12 381 801 45 77.4

Funeral service managers............ 4 – – 3 – – 1 – – –

Gaming managers...................... 16 – – 4 – – 12 – – –

Lodging managers..................... 98 901 48 53 858 152 45 – – –

Medical and health services

managers............................. 529 1,258 30 375 1,224 34 154 1,412 91 86.7

Natural sciences managers........... 12 – – 4 – – 8 – – –

Postmasters and mail

superintendents...................... 30 – – 17 – – 13 – – –

Property, real estate, and

community association

managers............................. 358 862 39 198 784 30 161 1,068 100 73.4

Social and community service

managers............................. 280 1,042 50 185 1,004 61 94 1,150 58 87.3

Emergency management directors... 9 – – 3 – – 6 – – –

Managers, all other.................... 2,431 1,264 22 905 1,105 31 1,527 1,399 36 79.0

Business and financial operations

occupations............................. 5,636 1,091 14 3,199 979 13 2,436 1,263 21 77.5

Agents and business managers of

artists, performers, and athletes. .. 38 – – 18 – – 20 – – –

Buyers and purchasing agents, farm

products............................... 17 – – 5 – – 11 – – –
10 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2013

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Wholesale and retail buyers, except

farm products........................ 158 899 31 88 930 49 71 871 37 106.8

Purchasing agents, except

wholesale, retail, and farm

products............................... 263 984 28 151 912 26 112 1,116 71 81.7

Claims adjusters, appraisers,

examiners, and investigators....... 300 931 32 195 838 41 104 1,144 29 73.3

Compliance officers.................... 182 1,124 53 99 1,081 58 83 1,170 94 92.4

Cost estimators......................... 102 1,050 52 13 – – 89 1,071 52 –

Human resources workers............ 498 981 34 366 958 22 131 1,139 50 84.1

Compensation, benefits, and job

analysis specialists.................. 72 1,033 89 59 1,010 99 14 – – –

Training and development

specialists............................. 109 1,079 68 62 979 277 47 – – –

Logisticians.............................. 91 993 40 33 – – 58 1,045 154 –

Management analysts................. 547 1,450 35 229 1,319 101 318 1,614 65 81.7

Meeting, convention, and event

planners............................... 95 930 56 80 901 119 15 – – –

Fundraisers.............................. 80 1,124 89 58 1,084 133 22 – – –

Market research analysts and

marketing specialists................ 190 1,139 36 110 967 39 80 1,171 57 82.6

Business operations specialists, all

other................................... 180 1,044 28 110 899 66 69 1,226 70 73.3

Accountants and auditors............. 1,516 1,109 23 945 1,029 24 571 1,268 55 81.2

Appraisers and assessors of real

estate.................................. 60 1,142 91 27 – – 33 – – –

Budget analysts........................ 58 1,389 93 26 – – 31 – – –

Credit analysts.......................... 31 – – 19 – – 12 – – –

Financial analysts...................... 89 1,466 87 33 – – 56 1,757 94 –

Personal financial advisors............ 288 1,424 105 72 1,149 52 215 1,565 56 73.4

Insurance underwriters................ 98 1,045 110 61 879 57 37 – – –

Financial examiners.................... 10 – – 6 – – 4 – – –

Credit counselors and loan officers... 360 970 35 208 864 33 152 1,162 68 74.4

Tax examiners and collectors, and

revenue agents...................... 62 952 25 43 – – 19 – – –

Tax preparers........................... 56 767 33 34 – – 22 – – –

Financial specialists, all other. . . . . . .. 87 962 50 49 – – 38 – – –

Professional and related occupations..... 24,683 1,071 6 13,594 944 5 11,089 1,295 14 72.9

Computer and mathematical

occupations............................. 3,621 1,365 14 928 1,174 20 2,693 1,452 18 80.9

Computer and information research

scientists.............................. 15 – – 3 – – 12 – – –

Computer systems analysts........... 443 1,367 32 158 1,216 75 285 1,455 33 83.6

Information security analysts.......... 53 1,460 248 10 – – 43 – – –

Computer programmers............... 437 1,372 36 106 1,162 58 332 1,428 51 81.4

Software developers, applications

and systems software............... 1,053 1,643 26 209 1,370 40 844 1,737 18 78.9

Web developers........................ 137 1,060 97 53 937 153 84 1,157 59 81.0

Computer support specialists......... 474 980 28 134 901 74 340 1,019 37 88.4

Database administrators............... 95 1,345 71 30 – – 65 1,563 160 –

Network and computer systems

administrators........................ 210 1,237 34 37 – – 173 1,252 34 –

Computer network architects. . . . . . . .. 131 1,630 93 9 – – 122 1,593 132 –

Computer occupations, all other...... 359 1,149 31 81 1,176 52 277 1,136 42 103.5

Actuaries................................ 25 – – 9 – – 17 – – –

Mathematicians......................... 2 – – 0 – – 2 – – –
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 11

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2013

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Operations research analysts......... 119 1,444 45 63 1,313 105 56 1,569 95 83.7

Statisticians............................. 65 1,414 87 23 – – 42 – – –

Miscellaneous mathematical science

occupations........................... 1 – – 1 – – 0 – – –

Architecture and engineering

occupations............................. 2,540 1,365 13 330 1,143 27 2,209 1,403 22 81.5

Architects, except naval............... 118 1,292 55 30 – – 88 1,347 37 –

Surveyors, cartographers, and

photogrammetrists................... 32 – – 9 – – 22 – – –

Aerospace engineers.................. 137 1,865 87 13 – – 124 1,873 72 –

Agricultural engineers.................. 3 – – 0 – – 3 – – –

Biomedical engineers.................. 10 – – 2 – – 9 – – –

Chemical engineers.................... 56 1,568 431 8 – – 48 – – –

Civil engineers.......................... 324 1,373 35 36 – – 288 1,417 53 –

Computer hardware engineers. . . . . .. 92 1,507 69 10 – – 82 1,544 41 –

Electrical and electronics

engineers............................. 268 1,522 49 21 – – 247 1,514 58 –

Environmental engineers.............. 28 – – 6 – – 22 – – –

Industrial engineers, including health

and safety............................ 181 1,385 71 30 – – 151 1,417 56 –

Marine engineers and naval

architects.............................. 12 – – 0 – – 12 – – –

Materials engineers.................... 43 – – 7 – – 36 – – –

Mechanical engineers.................. 297 1,496 94 24 – – 273 1,554 63 –

Mining and geological engineers,

including mining safety

engineers............................. 16 – – 2 – – 13 – – –

Nuclear engineers...................... 4 – – 0 – – 4 – – –

Petroleum engineers................... 34 – – 2 – – 33 – – –

Engineers, all other.................... 371 1,528 37 48 – – 322 1,561 37 –

Drafters.................................. 104 974 53 20 – – 85 991 30 –

Engineering technicians, except

drafters................................ 361 1,011 24 59 934 92 302 1,027 33 90.9

Surveying and mapping

technicians............................ 48 – – 5 – – 43 – – –

Life, physical, and social science

occupations............................. 1,063 1,152 16 456 1,030 32 608 1,271 66 81.0

Agricultural and food scientists....... 30 – – 12 – – 19 – – –

Biological scientists.................... 107 1,157 49 53 1,104 109 54 1,233 153 89.5

Conservation scientists and

foresters............................... 27 – – 5 – – 23 – – –

Medical scientists....................... 131 1,216 160 73 1,142 57 58 1,430 346 79.9

Life scientists, all other................ 1 – – 0 – – 1 – – –

Astronomers and physicists........... 13 – – 1 – – 13 – – –

Atmospheric and space scientists.... 11 – – 2 – – 9 – – –

Chemists and materials scientists.... 109 1,182 87 42 – – 68 1,380 72 –

Environmental scientists and

geoscientists.......................... 76 1,330 201 18 – – 58 1,392 77 –

Physical scientists, all other........... 132 1,517 62 44 – – 88 1,597 58 –

Economists.............................. 29 – – 14 – – 15 – – –

Survey researchers.................... 1 – – 1 – – 0 – – –

Psychologists........................... 96 1,267 153 69 1,178 97 27 – – –

Sociologists............................. 4 – – 3 – – 2 – – –

Urban and regional planners.......... 20 – – 7 – – 12 – – –

Miscellaneous social scientists and

related workers....................... 40 – – 18 – – 22 – – –
12 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2013

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Agricultural and food science

technicians............................ 23 – – 12 – – 12 – – –

Biological technicians.................. 16 – – 8 – – 9 – – –

Chemical technicians.................. 62 849 61 21 – – 41 – – –

Geological and petroleum

technicians............................ 23 – – 5 – – 18 – – –

Nuclear technicians.................... 1 – – 1 – – 0 – – –

Social science research assistants... 2 – – 1 – – 2 – – –

Miscellaneous life, physical, and

social science technicians.......... 105 761 29 47 – – 59 911 134 –

Community and social service

occupations............................. 1,913 847 14 1,158 808 12 755 930 23 86.9

Counselors.............................. 568 885 26 391 884 27 178 889 63 99.4

Social workers.......................... 636 845 23 507 818 15 129 978 60 83.6

Probation officers and correctional

treatment specialists................ 105 888 53 43 – – 62 927 46 –

Social and human service

assistants............................. 102 668 43 68 641 39 34 – – –

Miscellaneous community and social

service specialists, including

health educators and community

health workers....................... 83 756 38 64 740 32 19 – – –

Clergy.................................... 343 935 26 47 – – 296 968 35 –

Directors, religious activities and

education............................. 41 – – 21 – – 20 – – –

Religious workers, all other........... 34 – – 17 – – 17 – – –

Legal occupations......................... 1,305 1,253 22 707 1,010 23 598 1,764 69 57.3

Lawyers.................................. 710 1,880 36 247 1,566 51 463 1,986 103 78.9

Judicial law clerks...................... 9 – – 6 – – 3 – – –

Judges, magistrates, and other

judicial workers....................... 49 – – 19 – – 30 – – –

Paralegals and legal assistants. . . . .. 337 846 31 287 825 29 50 923 50 89.4

Miscellaneous legal support

workers................................ 199 873 44 148 787 67 51 1,013 289 77.7

Education, training, and library

occupations............................. 6,589 937 6 4,782 888 7 1,808 1,091 26 81.4

Postsecondary teachers............... 893 1,172 27 424 1,100 37 469 1,338 36 82.2

Preschool and kindergarten

teachers............................... 496 638 41 484 624 31 12 – – –

Elementary and middle school

teachers............................... 2,669 954 9 2,138 937 10 531 1,025 27 91.4

Secondary school teachers........... 956 1,031 20 529 986 25 427 1,093 38 90.2

Special education teachers........... 337 951 15 271 944 17 65 977 54 96.6

Other teachers and instructors. . . . . .. 336 905 39 187 729 63 149 1,055 55 69.1

Archivists, curators, and museum

technicians............................ 33 – – 20 – – 13 – – –

Librarians................................ 149 919 31 121 905 36 28 – – –

Library technicians..................... 18 – – 14 – – 4 – – –

Teacher assistants..................... 571 479 11 501 475 13 70 501 25 94.8

Other education, training, and library

workers................................ 131 1,031 35 91 992 34 39 – – –

Arts, design, entertainment, sports,

and media occupations................ 1,510 988 17 649 884 22 861 1,118 30 79.1

Artists and related workers............ 63 1,032 88 25 – – 38 – – –

Designers................................ 514 961 18 244 866 47 270 1,095 33 79.1

Actors.................................... 18 – – 10 – – 8 – – –

Producers and directors............... 104 1,166 113 38 – – 66 1,331 72 –
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 13

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2013

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Athletes, coaches, umpires, and

related workers....................... 115 889 55 29 – – 86 934 73 –

Dancers and choreographers......... 1 – – 1 – – 0 – – –

Musicians, singers, and related

workers................................ 46 – – 13 – – 33 – – –

Entertainers and performers, sports

and related workers, all other. . . . .. 9 – – 7 – – 2 – – –

Announcers............................. 18 – – 6 – – 13 – – –

News analysts, reporters and

correspondents....................... 68 1,041 114 22 – – 46 – – –

Public relations specialists............ 109 1,129 95 68 921 59 41 – – –

Editors................................... 112 1,092 144 59 988 40 53 1,239 87 79.7

Technical writers....................... 57 1,364 71 30 – – 27 – – –

Writers and authors.................... 79 996 57 40 – – 39 – – –

Miscellaneous media and

communication workers............. 32 – – 24 – – 8 – – –

Broadcast and sound engineering

technicians and radio operators. .. 68 947 83 7 – – 61 1,029 110 –

Photographers.......................... 48 – – 17 – – 31 – – –

Television, video, and motion picture

camera operators and editors...... 45 – – 6 – – 38 – – –

Media and communication

equipment workers, all other....... 1 – – 0 – – 1 – – –

Healthcare practitioners and technical

occupations............................. 6,142 1,048 10 4,585 994 8 1,558 1,312 38 75.8

Chiropractors............................ 13 – – 1 – – 12 – – –

Dentists.................................. 55 1,533 366 18 – – 37 – – –

Dietitians and nutritionists............. 82 885 24 71 864 52 10 – – –

Optometrists............................ 14 – – 2 – – 11 – – –

Pharmacists............................. 215 1,960 110 117 1,802 168 98 2,092 22 86.1

Physicians and surgeons.............. 667 1,885 24 241 1,497 109 426 2,087 228 71.7

Physician assistants................... 103 1,456 75 67 1,491 44 36 – – –

Podiatrists............................... 4 – – 3 – – 1 – – –

Audiologists............................. 10 – – 7 – – 3 – – –

Occupational therapists................ 78 1,295 47 68 1,240 87 11 – – –

Physical therapists..................... 161 1,382 51 87 1,300 40 74 1,457 32 89.2

Radiation therapists.................... 12 – – 8 – – 4 – – –

Recreational therapists................ 10 – – 8 – – 2 – – –

Respiratory therapists.................. 96 1,095 25 52 1,059 137 44 – – –

Speech-language pathologists........ 98 1,218 77 93 1,191 93 5 – – –

Exercise physiologists................. 4 – – 3 – – 1 – – –

Therapists, all other.................... 96 864 31 77 870 32 19 – – –

Veterinarians............................ 41 – – 23 – – 18 – – –

Registered nurses...................... 2,278 1,099 13 2,023 1,086 12 254 1,236 40 87.9

Nurse anesthetists..................... 22 – – 14 – – 7 – – –

Nurse midwives......................... 3 – – 3 – – 0 – – –

Nurse practitioners..................... 102 1,615 70 91 1,539 132 11 – – –

Health diagnosing and treating

practitioners, all other............... 7 – – 6 – – 1 – – –

Clinical laboratory technologists and

technicians............................ 307 891 32 226 858 86 81 980 112 87.6

Dental hygienists....................... 82 1,005 51 80 1,011 48 2 – – –

Diagnostic related technologists and

technicians............................ 287 919 21 195 909 23 92 959 71 94.8

Emergency medical technicians and

paramedics........................... 140 796 56 58 785 42 82 832 108 94.4
14 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2013

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Health practitioner support

technologists and technicians...... 416 619 15 337 613 14 78 664 54 92.3

Licensed practical and licensed

vocational nurses.................... 444 741 15 404 732 16 40 – – –

Medical records and health

information technicians.............. 78 612 54 72 595 58 6 – – –

Opticians, dispensing.................. 37 – – 25 – – 13 – – –

Miscellaneous health technologists

and technicians...................... 114 849 65 73 782 37 41 – – –

Other healthcare practitioners and

technical occupations............... 69 1,065 32 31 – – 37 – – –

Service occupations............................ 15,052 493 2 7,456 452 3 7,597 555 7 81.4

Healthcare support occupations........... 2,324 491 5 2,020 486 5 304 546 23 89.0

Nursing, psychiatric, and home health

aides..................................... 1,393 457 6 1,207 450 7 186 499 23 90.2

Occupational therapy assistants and

aides..................................... 11 – – 11 – – 0 – – –

Physical therapist assistants and

aides..................................... 39 – – 26 – – 13 – – –

Massage therapists....................... 48 – – 32 – – 15 – – –

Dental assistants.......................... 181 571 17 174 571 17 7 – – –

Medical assistants........................ 365 531 17 339 523 12 26 – – –

Medical transcriptionists.................. 34 – – 33 – – 1 – – –

Pharmacy aides........................... 22 – – 19 – – 3 – – –

Veterinary assistants and laboratory

animal caretakers...................... 23 – – 20 – – 3 – – –

Phlebotomists.............................. 97 583 24 77 573 20 19 – – –

Miscellaneous healthcare support

occupations, including medical

equipment preparers................... 112 462 20 81 440 18 31 – – –

Protective service occupations............. 2,685 783 13 512 643 24 2,172 824 16 78.0

First-line supervisors of correctional

officers................................... 33 – – 5 – – 28 – – –

First-line supervisors of police and

detectives................................ 114 1,139 42 17 – – 97 1,182 200 –

First-line supervisors of fire fighting

and prevention workers................ 60 1,082 337 0 – – 60 1,082 337 –

First-line supervisors of protective

service workers, all other.............. 82 785 36 25 – – 57 788 49 –

Firefighters................................. 294 996 47 9 – – 285 1,000 48 –

Fire inspectors............................. 18 – – 1 – – 17 – – –

Bailiffs, correctional officers, and

jailers..................................... 418 683 21 120 599 18 298 729 28 82.2

Detectives and criminal investigators... 159 1,054 147 30 – – 128 1,120 108 –

Fish and game wardens................. 2 – – 1 – – 1 – – –

Parking enforcement workers........... 5 – – 2 – – 4 – – –

Police and sheriff’s patrol officers....... 682 1,007 41 89 881 39 593 1,032 50 85.4

Transit and railroad police............... 2 – – 0 – – 2 – – –

Animal control workers................... 10 – – 4 – – 6 – – –

Private detectives and investigators. . .. 72 948 50 32 – – 40 – – –

Security guards and gaming

surveillance officers.................... 643 532 18 125 500 16 517 549 22 91.1

Crossing guards........................... 14 – – 7 – – 7 – – –

Transportation security screeners. . . . .. 25 – – 10 – – 16 – – –

Lifeguards and other recreational, and

all other protective service workers... 52 484 35 36 – – 16 – – –
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 15

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2013

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Food preparation and serving related

occupations................................ 4,140 416 3 1,953 400 4 2,187 437 9 91.5

Chefs and head cooks................... 351 574 20 69 510 19 282 589 22 86.6

First-line supervisors of food

preparation and serving workers. . . .. 423 491 17 249 448 18 174 580 27 77.2

Cooks....................................... 1,209 402 4 418 382 8 791 411 5 92.9

Food preparation workers................ 398 387 7 191 380 10 206 392 8 96.9

Bartenders................................. 207 513 19 109 483 20 98 594 21 81.3

Combined food preparation and

serving workers, including fast

food...................................... 175 384 14 107 370 20 68 413 28 89.6

Counter attendants, cafeteria, food

concession, and coffee shop. . . . . . . .. 57 320 15 43 – – 14 – – –

Waiters and waitresses.................. 883 413 6 558 400 8 325 449 30 89.1

Food servers, nonrestaurant............ 109 458 33 74 410 22 36 – – –

Dining room and cafeteria attendants

and bartender helpers................. 130 412 16 55 398 20 76 426 26 93.4

Dishwashers............................... 127 356 10 21 – – 106 359 10 –

Hosts and hostesses, restaurant,

lounge, and coffee shop............... 69 393 22 60 391 23 9 – – –

Food preparation and serving related

workers, all other....................... 1 – – 0 – – 1 – – –

Building and grounds cleaning and

maintenance occupations................ 3,421 475 5 1,142 417 5 2,279 505 6 82.6

First-line supervisors of housekeeping

and janitorial workers.................. 186 638 43 78 511 20 108 801 23 63.8

First-line supervisors of landscaping,

lawn service, and groundskeeping

workers.................................. 104 766 25 5 – – 99 759 24 –

Janitors and building cleaners........... 1,537 487 7 421 418 8 1,116 517 8 80.9

Maids and housekeeping cleaners. . . .. 733 413 6 605 406 7 128 467 31 86.9

Pest control workers...................... 62 609 37 2 – – 60 606 38 –

Grounds maintenance workers.......... 799 445 15 31 – – 768 441 15 –

Personal care and service occupations... 2,482 481 5 1,829 464 7 654 549 21 84.5

First-line supervisors of gaming

workers.................................. 97 755 21 48 – – 49 – – –

First-line supervisors of personal

service workers......................... 72 595 22 44 – – 28 – – –

Animal trainers............................ 8 – – 5 – – 3 – – –

Nonfarm animal caretakers.............. 78 458 25 57 468 30 22 – – –

Gaming services workers................ 74 651 48 39 – – 35 – – –

Motion picture projectionists............. 3 – – 2 – – 1 – – –

Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket

takers.................................... 9 – – 5 – – 4 – – –

Miscellaneous entertainment

attendants and related workers....... 74 419 48 37 – – 37 – – –

Embalmers and funeral attendants. . . .. 10 – – 6 – – 5 – – –

Morticians, undertakers, and funeral

directors................................. 28 – – 7 – – 21 – – –

Barbers..................................... 60 389 57 9 – – 51 369 31 –

Hairdressers, hairstylists, and

cosmetologists.......................... 329 488 10 308 485 10 21 – – –

Miscellaneous personal appearance

workers.................................. 170 495 17 136 480 21 34 – – –

Baggage porters, bellhops, and

concierges............................... 71 491 27 10 – – 60 495 30 –

Tour and travel guides................... 21 – – 13 – – 8 – – –
16 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2013

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Childcare workers......................... 441 418 9 410 418 9 31 – – –

Personal care aides...................... 657 449 11 539 445 11 119 470 26 94.7

Recreation and fitness workers......... 213 538 32 123 523 29 90 561 49 93.2

Residential advisors...................... 32 – – 18 – – 13 – – –

Personal care and service workers, all

other...................................... 36 – – 13 – – 22 – – –

Sales and office occupations................. 23,120 659 3 14,008 615 2 9,112 756 5 81.3

Sales and related occupations............. 9,376 708 7 4,005 566 9 5,371 835 11 67.8

First-line supervisors of retail sales

workers.................................. 2,320 709 11 981 612 9 1,338 778 15 78.7

First-line supervisors of non-retail

sales workers........................... 757 980 31 217 934 49 540 1,004 41 93.0

Cashiers.................................... 1,350 392 6 932 379 6 418 426 16 89.0

Counter and rental clerks................ 58 612 39 24 – – 35 – – –

Parts salespersons....................... 83 663 32 8 – – 75 665 36 –

Retail salespersons....................... 1,829 598 10 737 485 8 1,092 719 18 67.5

Advertising sales agents................. 207 938 50 96 868 47 110 1,005 71 86.4

Insurance sales agents................... 431 838 28 216 733 17 216 1,029 55 71.2

Securities, commodities, and financial

services sales agents.................. 219 1,119 70 75 863 104 145 1,389 177 62.1

Travel agents.............................. 42 – – 32 – – 10 – – –

Sales representatives, services, all

other...................................... 348 948 32 106 766 34 242 1,013 59 75.6

Sales representatives, wholesale and

manufacturing........................... 1,085 1,042 42 247 859 34 838 1,131 21 76.0

Models, demonstrators, and product

promoters................................ 24 – – 13 – – 11 – – –

Real estate brokers and sales agents.. 357 809 53 209 756 52 148 928 81 81.5

Sales engineers........................... 33 – – 4 – – 29 – – –

Telemarketers............................. 49 – – 32 – – 18 – – –

Door-to-door sales workers, news and

street vendors, and related

workers.................................. 34 – – 11 – – 23 – – –

Sales and related workers, all other. . .. 150 915 32 65 724 64 85 1,161 47 62.4

Office and administrative support

occupations................................ 13,744 638 3 10,003 628 3 3,741 673 9 93.3

First-line supervisors of office and

administrative support workers. . . . . .. 1,224 772 11 828 748 12 395 846 37 88.4

Switchboard operators, including

answering service...................... 22 – – 16 – – 6 – – –

Telephone operators...................... 20 – – 17 – – 3 – – –

Communications equipment operators,

all other.................................. 2 – – 2– – 0 – – –

Bill and account collectors............... 156 599 18 111 586 15 45 – – –

Billing and posting clerks................ 422 637 14 380 629 13 42 – – –

Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing

clerks..................................... 804 677 15 702 670 15 102 751 45 89.2

Gaming cage workers.................... 12 – – 6– – 6 – – –

Payroll and timekeeping clerks.......... 128 731 22 118 727 23 9 – – –

Procurement clerks....................... 30 – – 18 – – 12 – – –

Tellers...................................... 265 494 11 229 494 11 36 – – –

Financial clerks, all other................ 54 686 58 34 – – 20 – – –

Brokerage clerks.......................... 2 – – 1– – 1 – – –

Correspondence clerks................... 12 – – 7– – 4 – – –

Court, municipal, and license clerks. . .. 74 676 54 53 665 64 21 – – –
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 17

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2013

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Credit authorizers, checkers, and

clerks..................................... 40 – – 30 – – 10 – – –

Customer service representatives. . . . .. 1,615 621 8 1,068 616 7 547 639 19 96.4

Eligibility interviewers, government

programs................................ 75 778 58 60 746 54 15 – – –

File clerks.................................. 182 625 20 140 604 21 42 – – –

Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks. . .. 71 418 14 50 417 16 21 – – –

Interviewers, except eligibility and

loan....................................... 110 621 32 89 605 31 21 – – –

Library assistants, clerical............... 50 559 31 42 – – 8 – – –

Loan interviewers and clerks............ 158 719 29 129 688 31 29 – – –

New accounts clerks...................... 29 – – 26 – – 3 – – –

Order clerks................................ 79 583 36 42 – – 37 – – –

Human resources assistants, except

payroll and timekeeping............... 129 877 40 103 873 46 26 – – –

Receptionists and information clerks. .. 901 536 9 828 527 9 73 600 24 87.8

Reservation and transportation ticket

agents and travel clerks............... 100 699 41 54 620 18 46 – – –

Information and record clerks, all

other...................................... 85 710 33 62 727 25 23 – – –

Cargo and freight agents................ 26 – – 9 – – 17 – – –

Couriers and messengers............... 127 624 38 16 – – 112 616 25 –

Dispatchers................................ 246 676 27 140 617 33 107 747 31 82.6

Meter readers, utilities.................... 24 – – 6 – – 19 – – –

Postal service clerks...................... 90 968 27 45 – – 45 – – –

Postal service mail carriers.............. 277 964 19 101 878 59 176 1,012 22 86.8

Postal service mail sorters,

processors, and processing machine

operators................................ 70 873 62 35 – – 35 – – –

Production, planning, and expediting

clerks..................................... 272 745 30 148 690 28 124 864 75 79.9

Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks... 493 539 20 151 524 21 342 547 26 95.8

Stock clerks and order fillers............ 918 496 10 321 484 15 596 503 13 96.2

Weighers, measurers, checkers, and

samplers, recordkeeping.............. 74 624 32 37 – – 37 – – –

Secretaries and administrative

assistants................................ 2,232 681 8 2,113 677 7 120 772 40 87.7

Computer operators...................... 80 732 61 39 – – 41 – – –

Data entry keyers......................... 235 634 19 189 632 20 46 – – –

Word processors and typists............ 90 621 25 82 607 23 8 – – –

Desktop publishers....................... 0 – – 0 – – 0 – – –

Insurance claims and policy

processing clerks....................... 252 652 26 206 631 27 46 – – –

Mail clerks and mail machine

operators, except postal service...... 48 – – 22 – – 26 – – –

Office clerks, general..................... 852 598 8 734 596 8 118 620 71 96.1

Office machine operators, except

computer................................ 35 – – 21 – – 14 – – –

Proofreaders and copy markers. . . . . . .. 3 – – 3 – – 0 – – –

Statistical assistants...................... 18 – – 10 – – 8 – – –

Office and administrative support

workers, all other....................... 431 724 22 331 695 30 100 795 70 87.4

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance occupations................... 10,341 747 6 434 578 19 9,906 757 6 76.4

Farming, fishing, and forestry

occupations................................ 720 448 12 144 368 8 576 472 12 78.0
18 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2013

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

First-line supervisors of farming,

fishing, and forestry workers.......... 34 – – 8 – – 25 – – –

Agricultural inspectors.................... 11 – – 3 – – 8 – – –

Animal breeders........................... 1 – – 0 – – 1 – – –

Graders and sorters, agricultural

products................................. 91 416 20 57 389 22 34 – – –

Miscellaneous agricultural workers. . . .. 516 428 13 71 352 10 445 447 15 78.7

Fishers and related fishing workers. . .. 16 – – 2 – – 15 – – –

Hunters and trappers..................... 0 – – 0 – – 0 – – –

Forest and conservation workers. . . . . .. 11 – – 1 – – 10 – – –

Logging workers........................... 39 – – 1 – – 37 – – –

Construction and extraction

occupations................................ 5,353 732 9 112 654 31 5,242 736 10 88.9

First-line supervisors of construction

trades and extraction workers. . . . . . .. 509 990 28 8 – – 501 996 27 –

Boilermakers............................... 14 – – 0 – – 14 – – –

Brickmasons, blockmasons, and

stonemasons............................ 106 768 68 0 – – 106 766 71 –

Carpenters................................. 712 657 21 10 – – 703 659 23 –

Carpet, floor, and tile installers and

finishers.................................. 80 582 25 2 – – 78 579 25 –

Cement masons, concrete finishers,

and terrazzo workers.................. 46 – – 0 – – 46 – – –

Construction laborers..................... 1,087 594 9 29 – – 1,058 592 9 –

Paving, surfacing, and tamping

equipment operators................... 18 – – 1 – – 18 – – –

Pile-driver operators...................... 1 – – 0 – – 1 – – –

Operating engineers and other

construction equipment operators. . .. 322 801 35 4 – – 317 804 34 –

Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers,

and tapers............................... 81 521 19 0 – – 81 522 20 –

Electricians................................. 641 949 23 11 – – 630 952 23 –

Glaziers.................................... 31 – – 0 – – 31 – – –

Insulation workers......................... 44 – – 2 – – 42 – – –

Painters, construction and

maintenance............................ 331 576 19 14 – – 318 579 18 –

Paperhangers.............................. 0 – – 0 – – 0 – – –

Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and

steamfitters.............................. 450 909 17 4 – – 447 912 17 –

Plasterers and stucco masons.......... 24 – – 0 – – 24 – – –

Reinforcing iron and rebar workers..... 8 – – 0 – – 8 – – –

Roofers..................................... 133 566 32 0 – – 133 566 32 –

Sheet metal workers...................... 100 789 33 7 – – 93 797 37 –

Structural iron and steel workers. . . . . .. 38 – – 0 – – 38 – – –

Solar photovoltaic installers.............. 6 – – 0 – – 5 – – –

Helpers, construction trades............. 46 – – 2 – – 44 – – –

Construction and building inspectors. .. 73 903 69 5 – – 67 920 73 –

Elevator installers and repairers. . . . . . .. 25 – – 0 – – 25 – – –

Fence erectors............................ 24 – – 0 – – 24 – – –

Hazardous materials removal

workers.................................. 28 – – 8 – – 20 – – –

Highway maintenance workers.......... 95 709 24 0 – – 95 709 24 –

Rail-track laying and maintenance

equipment operators................... 16 – – 0 – – 16 – – –

Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe

cleaners.................................. 7 – – 0 – – 7 – – –
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 19

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2013

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Miscellaneous construction and related

workers.................................. 21 – – 0 – – 21 – – –

Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit

operators, oil, gas, and mining. . . . . .. 38 – – 0 – – 38 – – –

Earth drillers, except oil and gas........ 26 – – 0 – – 26 – – –

Explosives workers, ordnance

handling experts, and blasters........ 8 – – 0 – – 8 – – –

Mining machine operators............... 60 1,014 263 2 – – 58 1,084 305 –

Roof bolters, mining...................... 2 – – 0 – – 2 – – –

Roustabouts, oil and gas................ 12 – – 0 – – 12 – – –

Helpers--extraction workers.............. 3 – – 0 – – 3 – – –

Other extraction workers................. 86 920 96 3 – – 83 909 75 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair

occupations................................ 4,268 821 8 179 710 27 4,089 824 9 86.2

First-line supervisors of mechanics,

installers, and repairers................ 258 980 52 29 – – 229 990 58 –

Computer, automated teller, and office

machine repairers...................... 240 875 35 29 – – 211 894 31 –

Radio and telecommunications

equipment installers and repairers. .. 122 1,025 52 13 – – 108 1,021 52 –

Avionics technicians...................... 10 – – 4 – – 6 – – –

Electric motor, power tool, and related

repairers................................. 24 – – 1 – – 23 – – –

Electrical and electronics installers and

repairers, transportation equipment... 6 – – 0 – – 6 – – –

Electrical and electronics repairers,

industrial and utility..................... 13 – – 1 – – 12 – – –

Electronic equipment installers and

repairers, motor vehicles.............. 24 – – 2 – – 22 – – –

Electronic home entertainment

equipment installers and repairers. .. 42 – – 1 – – 41 – – –

Security and fire alarm systems

installers................................. 60 780 20 2 – – 58 780 19 –

Aircraft mechanics and service

technicians.............................. 155 978 45 3 – – 152 974 45 –

Automotive body and related

repairers................................. 124 687 17 1 – – 123 688 16 –

Automotive glass installers and

repairers................................. 20 – – 0 – – 20 – – –

Automotive service technicians and

mechanics............................... 672 713 15 13 – – 659 714 15 –

Bus and truck mechanics and diesel

engine specialists...................... 302 794 24 0 – – 301 795 24 –

Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment

service technicians and mechanics... 196 867 36 1 – – 195 868 36 –

Small engine mechanics................. 32 – – 1 – – 31 – – –

Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile

equipment mechanics, installers,

and repairers............................ 74 468 100 2 – – 72 480 37 –

Control and valve installers and

repairers................................. 24 – – 2 – – 22 – – –

Heating, air conditioning, and

refrigeration mechanics and

installers................................. 316 792 38 3 – – 313 791 40 –

Home appliance repairers............... 38 – – 0 – – 38 – – –

Industrial and refractory machinery

mechanics............................... 434 896 18 20 – – 414 899 18 –
20 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2013

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Maintenance and repair workers,

general................................... 405 805 17 18 – – 386 807 17 –

Maintenance workers, machinery....... 33 – – 3 – – 30 – – –

Millwrights.................................. 62 1,019 63 1 – – 61 1,025 118 –

Electrical power-line installers and

repairers................................. 113 922 62 1 – – 112 929 72 –

Telecommunications line installers and

repairers................................. 177 930 32 6 – – 172 929 34 –

Precision instrument and equipment

repairers................................. 58 951 24 7 – – 51 956 23 –

Wind turbine service technicians........ 3 – – 2 – – 1 –– –

Coin, vending, and amusement

machine servicers and repairers. . . .. 32 – – 4 – – 28 – – –

Commercial divers........................ 2 – – 0 – – 1 –– –

Locksmiths and safe repairers.......... 17 – – 0 – – 16 – – –

Manufactured building and mobile

home installers.......................... 10 – – 0 – – 10 – – –

Riggers..................................... 13 – – 0 – – 13 – – –

Signal and track switch repairers. . . . . .. 5 – – 0 – – 5 –– –

Helpers--installation, maintenance, and

repair workers........................... 18 – – 3 – – 15 – – –

Other installation, maintenance, and

repair workers........................... 135 667 27 6 – – 129 674 44 –

Production, transportation, and material

moving occupations......................... 13,930 621 3 2,840 498 4 11,090 674 5 73.9

Production occupations..................... 7,307 623 5 1,925 498 5 5,382 697 6 71.4

First-line supervisors of production and

operating workers...................... 675 902 25 125 682 54 550 952 20 71.6

Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging,

and systems assemblers.............. 16 – – 3 – – 13 – – –

Electrical, electronics, and

electromechanical assemblers........ 126 503 17 61 490 19 64 522 68 93.9

Engine and other machine

assemblers.............................. 19 – – 2 – – 17 – – –

Structural metal fabricators and

fitters..................................... 21 – – 0 – – 21 – – –

Miscellaneous assemblers and

fabricators............................... 900 564 14 335 493 9 566 610 10 80.8

Bakers...................................... 117 505 20 61 524 29 56 488 27 107.4

Butchers and other meat, poultry, and

fish processing workers............... 284 506 10 73 476 15 211 525 20 90.7

Food and tobacco roasting, baking,

and drying machine operators and

tenders................................... 6 – – 2 – – 4 –– –

Food batchmakers........................ 66 516 47 33 – – 33 – – –

Food cooking machine operators and

tenders................................... 6 – – 3 – – 3 –– –

Food processing workers, all other. . . .. 113 571 29 35 – – 78 635 56 –

Computer control programmers and

operators................................ 69 849 37 2 – – 66 859 37 –

Extruding and drawing machine

setters, operators, and tenders,

metal and plastic....................... 16 – – 2 – – 14 – – –

Forging machine setters, operators,

and tenders, metal and plastic. . . . . .. 9 – – 0 – – 9 –– –

Rolling machine setters, operators,

and tenders, metal and plastic. . . . . .. 3 – – 0 – – 3 –– –
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 21

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2013

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Cutting, punching, and press machine

setters, operators, and tenders,

metal and plastic....................... 70 545 38 10 – – 60 532 41 –

Drilling and boring machine tool

setters, operators, and tenders,

metal and plastic....................... 1 – – 0 – – 1 – – –

Grinding, lapping, polishing, and

buffing machine tool setters,

operators, and tenders, metal and

plastic.................................... 50 610 37 6 – – 44 – – –

Lathe and turning machine tool

setters, operators, and tenders,

metal and plastic....................... 11 – – 3 – – 8 – – –

Milling and planing machine setters,

operators, and tenders, metal and

plastic.................................... 5 – – 0 – – 5 – – –

Machinists.................................. 388 777 22 21 – – 367 795 25 –

Metal furnace operators, tenders,

pourers, and casters................... 23 – – 0 – – 23 – – –

Model makers and patternmakers,

metal and plastic....................... 3 – – 1 – – 2 – – –

Molders and molding machine setters,

operators, and tenders, metal and

plastic.................................... 51 717 65 13 – – 38 – – –

Multiple machine tool setters,

operators, and tenders, metal and

plastic.................................... 4 – – 1 – – 3 – – –

Tool and die makers...................... 55 908 50 1 – – 55 911 50 –

Welding, soldering, and brazing

workers.................................. 524 723 17 25 – – 499 730 15 –

Heat treating equipment setters,

operators, and tenders, metal and

plastic.................................... 9 – – 1 – – 8 – – –

Layout workers, metal and plastic. . . . .. 4 – – 0 – – 3 – – –

Plating and coating machine setters,

operators, and tenders, metal and

plastic.................................... 16 – – 1 – – 15 – – –

Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners. .. 4 – – 0 – – 4 – – –

Metal workers and plastic workers, all

other...................................... 323 592 19 66 557 24 257 606 24 91.9

Prepress technicians and workers...... 25 – – 9 – – 17 – – –

Printing press operators.................. 175 656 55 30 – – 145 703 30 –

Print binding and finishing workers. . . .. 22 – – 13 – – 8 – – –

Laundry and dry-cleaning workers...... 121 385 15 71 360 14 50 425 32 84.7

Pressers, textile, garment, and related

materials................................. 35 – – 17 – – 18 – – –

Sewing machine operators.............. 121 405 18 91 405 23 29 – – –

Shoe and leather workers and

repairers................................. 5 – – 1 – – 4 – – –

Shoe machine operators and tenders... 3 – – 1 – – 1 – – –

Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers. . . . .. 42 – – 28 – – 13 – – –

Textile bleaching and dyeing machine

operators and tenders................. 2 – – 1 – – 1 – – –

Textile cutting machine setters,

operators, and tenders................ 5 – – 1 – – 5 – – –

Textile knitting and weaving machine

setters, operators, and tenders....... 3 – – 3 – – 0 – – –
22 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2013

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Textile winding, twisting, and drawing

out machine setters, operators, and

tenders................................... 12 – – 5 – – 7 – – –

Extruding and forming machine

setters, operators, and tenders,

synthetic and glass fibers............. 1 – – 0 – – 1 – – –

Fabric and apparel patternmakers...... 1 – – 1 – – 0 – – –

Upholsterers............................... 19 – – 2 – – 17 – – –

Textile, apparel, and furnishings

workers, all other....................... 12 – – 3 – – 8 – – –

Cabinetmakers and bench

carpenters............................... 28 – – 0 – – 27 – – –

Furniture finishers......................... 5 – – 1 – – 4 – – –

Model makers and patternmakers,

wood..................................... 0 – – 0 – – 0 – – –

Sawing machine setters, operators,

and tenders, wood..................... 25 – – 2 – – 23 – – –

Woodworking machine setters,

operators, and tenders, except

sawing................................... 18 – – 4 – – 14 – – –

Woodworkers, all other................... 9 – – 1 – – 8 – – –

Power plant operators, distributors,

and dispatchers......................... 41 – – 6 – – 35 – – –

Stationary engineers and boiler

operators................................ 90 903 37 5 – – 84 922 44 –

Water and wastewater treatment plant

and system operators.................. 68 828 42 4 – – 64 829 42 –

Miscellaneous plant and system

operators................................ 41 – – 2 – – 40 – – –

Chemical processing machine setters,

operators, and tenders................ 46 – – 5 – – 41 – – –

Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing,

and blending workers.................. 88 716 48 11 – – 77 807 100 –

Cutting workers............................ 40 – – 10 – – 30 – – –

Extruding, forming, pressing, and

compacting machine setters,

operators, and tenders................ 31 – – 5 – – 26 – – –

Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle

operators and tenders................. 10 – – 0 – – 10 – – –

Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers,

and weighers............................ 650 741 15 211 583 27 439 835 32 69.8

Jewelers and precious stone and

metal workers........................... 23 – – 6 – – 17 – – –

Medical, dental, and ophthalmic

laboratory technicians.................. 67 701 27 33 – – 34 – – –

Packaging and filling machine

operators and tenders................. 297 488 9 159 429 20 137 537 26 79.9

Painting workers.......................... 125 664 36 17 – – 108 673 32 –

Photographic process workers and

processing machine operators........ 26 – – 11 – – 15 – – –

Semiconductor processors............... 2 – – 1 – – 1 – – –

Adhesive bonding machine operators

and tenders............................. 11 – – 5 – – 5 – – –

Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling

equipment operators and tenders. . .. 3 – – 1 – – 2 – – –

Cooling and freezing equipment

operators and tenders................. 1 – – 0 – – 1 – – –

Etchers and engravers................... 2 – – 0 – – 2 – – –
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 23

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2013

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Molders, shapers, and casters, except

metal and plastic....................... 31 – – 3 – – 28 – – –

Paper goods machine setters,

operators, and tenders................ 21 – – 3 – – 18 – – –

Tire builders............................... 23 – – 7 – – 16 – – –

Helpers--production workers............. 29 – – 9 – – 20 – – –

Production workers, all other............ 866 586 10 236 501 12 630 619 11 80.9

Transportation and material moving

occupations................................ 6,623 619 5 916 497 8 5,707 645 8 77.1

Supervisors of transportation and

material moving workers.............. 165 882 47 38 – – 126 930 24 –

Aircraft pilots and flight engineers. . . . .. 100 1,845 40 7 – – 93 1,859 59 –

Air traffic controllers and airfield

operations specialists.................. 41 – – 5 – – 37 – – –

Flight attendants.......................... 69 767 31 54 749 26 16 – – –

Ambulance drivers and attendants,

except emergency medical

technicians.............................. 12 – – 3 – – 9 – – –

Bus drivers................................. 339 579 17 147 556 35 192 597 28 93.1

Driver/sales workers and truck

drivers.................................... 2,587 730 10 106 583 34 2,482 738 10 79.0

Taxi drivers and chauffeurs.............. 202 521 19 30 – – 172 540 96 –

Motor vehicle operators, all other....... 39 – – 3 – – 37 – – –

Locomotive engineers and operators... 50 1,396 72 2 – – 48 – – –

Railroad brake, signal, and switch

operators................................ 12 – – 0 – – 11 – – –

Railroad conductors and yardmasters.. 46 – – 3 – – 43 – – –

Subway, streetcar, and other rail

transportation workers................. 5 – – 0 – – 5 – – –

Sailors and marine oilers................ 29 – – 1 – – 28 – – –

Ship and boat captains and

operators................................ 32 – – 0 – – 32 – – –

Ship engineers............................ 7 – – 0 – – 7 – – –

Bridge and lock tenders.................. 5 – – 0 – – 5 – – –

Parking lot attendants.................... 50 423 18 7 – – 43 – – –

Automotive and watercraft service

attendants............................... 78 398 12 12 – – 67 403 14 –

Transportation inspectors................ 41 – – 6 – – 35 – – –

Transportation attendants, except flight

attendants............................... 30 – – 16 – – 14 – – –

Other transportation workers............ 17 – – 1 – – 15 – – –

Conveyor operators and tenders........ 4 – – 1 – – 3 – – –

Crane and tower operators.............. 70 846 191 1 – – 69 871 214 –

Dredge, excavating, and loading

machine operators..................... 28 – – 0 – – 28 – – –

Hoist and winch operators............... 7 – – 0 – – 7 – – –

Industrial truck and tractor operators. .. 542 559 17 32 – – 510 559 18 –

Cleaners of vehicles and equipment. .. 235 429 15 28 – – 206 434 15 –

Laborers and freight, stock, and

material movers, hand................. 1,277 511 6 221 421 13 1,056 524 11 80.3

Machine feeders and offbearers. . . . . . .. 20 – – 4 – – 15 – – –

Packers and packagers, hand........... 331 422 11 182 416 14 149 434 28 95.9

Pumping station operators............... 24 – – 0 – – 24 – – –

Refuse and recyclable material

collectors................................ 75 550 37 1 – – 74 555 37 –
24 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2013

annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Total Women Men Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Number

of

workers

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error of

median

Mine shuttle car operators............... 3 – – 0 – – 3 – – –

Tank car, truck, and ship loaders....... 6 – – 0 – – 6 – – –

Material moving workers, all other...... 45 – – 5 – – 41 – – –

Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women’s earnings as a percentage of men’s are not shown where

employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 25

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by state, 2013 annual averages

State

Total Women Men

Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

United States. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,262 $776 $2 46,268 $706 $3 57,994 $860 $3 82.1

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,557 733 13 715 633 24 843 820 26 77.2

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 888 17 112 760 15 143 1,027 35 74.0

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,970 764 13 869 702 18 1,101 848 26 82.8

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 912 660 14 400 607 15 512 705 19 86.1

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,767 821 9 5,007 772 10 6,760 864 12 89.4

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,775 875 18 765 762 15 1,009 978 29 77.9

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,204 995 19 539 894 28 665 1,106 44 80.8

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 790 19 142 728 20 166 884 47 82.4

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 1,152 22 138 1,100 55 133 1,212 61 90.8

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,347 740 6 3,032 679 10 3,315 816 14 83.2

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,373 742 11 1,533 677 17 1,840 830 23 81.6

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 783 18 204 727 18 245 863 28 84.2

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 707 14 180 649 19 290 741 14 87.6

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,293 816 13 1,945 727 13 2,348 891 15 81.6

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,149 733 12 936 650 15 1,212 830 28 78.3

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,124 757 13 509 671 18 615 861 22 77.9

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 983 743 13 430 653 22 554 826 26 79.1

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,372 682 15 618 610 14 754 749 15 81.4

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,422 692 12 627 591 13 794 808 32 73.1

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 751 14 202 684 26 226 802 26 85.3

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,244 942 20 1,067 870 28 1,177 1,012 28 86.0

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,261 1,001 19 1,002 900 20 1,258 1,109 28 81.2

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,996 811 14 1,290 720 15 1,706 883 17 81.5

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,945 878 17 850 790 20 1,096 956 27 82.6

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 868 660 18 411 593 17 457 739 23 80.2

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,075 743 14 948 665 17 1,127 852 31 78.1

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 687 10 141 594 16 173 778 22 76.3

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697 738 13 311 668 17 386 801 17 83.4

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 951 702 11 421 649 14 529 745 16 87.1

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489 884 19 215 788 32 274 956 23 82.4

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,108 905 18 1,400 789 16 1,708 993 20 79.5

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573 746 20 243 646 15 330 827 22 78.1

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,715 839 11 3,061 758 8 3,654 910 12 83.3

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,164 705 12 1,428 635 12 1,735 768 15 82.7

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 791 14 118 692 12 155 903 22 76.6

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,698 744 9 1,662 680 11 2,036 822 15 82.7

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,295 677 12 565 591 12 730 756 18 78.2

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,143 781 21 494 705 15 649 873 27 80.8

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,425 782 10 1,957 701 12 2,468 879 14 79.7

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 856 24 165 756 19 191 954 28 79.2

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,545 703 15 719 622 14 826 785 13 79.2

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 679 12 132 602 13 157 754 17 79.8

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,033 687 20 886 629 16 1,147 745 17 84.4

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,184 721 7 3,904 629 9 5,280 800 14 78.6

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 970 754 11 366 642 16 604 864 22 74.3

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 777 15 99 745 19 117 816 26 91.3

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,988 897 18 1,357 808 21 1,631 971 26 83.2

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,278 882 18 945 764 24 1,333 963 31 79.3

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572 740 15 253 633 25 319 847 25 74.7

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,959 784 15 871 697 20 1,088 851 19 81.9

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 847 20 83 671 22 128 978 20 68.6

Note: In general, the sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national estimates; thus, comparisons of state estimates should be made

with caution. Data shown are based on workers’ state of residence; workers’ reported earnings, however, may or may not be from a job located in the same state.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
26 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by selected demographic

characteristics, 2013 annual averages

Characteristic

Total Women Men

Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Age

Total, 16 years and older...................... 24,664 $237 $1 15,960 $241 $1 8,704 $230 $2 104.8

16 to 24 years................................ 8,375 181 2 4,673 177 2 3,702 186 2 95.2

16 to 19 years............................. 3,263 143 2 1,790 139 2 1,473 148 3 93.9

20 to 24 years............................. 5,112 207 2 2,883 205 2 2,229 209 3 98.1

25 years and older.......................... 16,289 274 2 11,287 274 2 5,002 274 3 100.0

25 to 34 years............................. 4,281 264 3 2,740 265 4 1,541 264 4 100.4

35 to 44 years............................. 3,287 291 4 2,462 288 5 825 298 8 96.6

45 to 54 years............................. 3,358 289 4 2,623 285 5 735 309 11 92.2

55 to 64 years............................. 3,110 286 4 2,194 287 5 916 283 8 101.4

65 years and older........................ 2,253 243 4 1,268 236 6 985 252 7 93.7

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White............................................. 19,848 238 1 12,966 242 2 6,883 231 2 104.8

Black or African American.................... 2,817 231 3 1,715 235 4 1,103 225 4 104.4

Asian............................................. 1,188 246 6 779 251 8 409 236 11 106.4

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................... 3,855 229 3 2,281 222 3 1,574 238 4 93.3

Marital Status

Never married................................... 11,774 201 1 6,458 198 2 5,316 205 2 96.6

Married, spouse present....................... 9,532 288 3 6,991 287 3 2,541 291 5 98.6

Other marital status............................ 3,357 263 3 2,511 260 3 846 275 7 94.5

Divorced...................................... 1,887 270 4 1,376 265 4 511 287 12 92.3

Separated..................................... 826 260 6 595 258 7 231 266 11 97.0

Widowed...................................... 645 246 8 540 245 8 104 249 24 98.4

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all

race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 27

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours usually worked, 2013 annual

averages

Hours of work

Total Women Men

Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

weekly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Total, 16 years and older...................... 129,110 $665 $2 62,316 $584 $2 66,794 $764 $3 76.4

0 to 34 hours................................. 22,185 240 1 14,460 245 1 7,725 232 2 105.6

0 to 4 hours................................ 520 58 3 338 56 3 182 61 5 91.8

5 to 9 hours................................ 1,155 75 3 771 76 3 383 74 3 102.7

10 to 14 hours............................. 1,785 113 1 1,168 115 2 617 109 2 105.5

15 to 19 hours............................. 2,604 159 1 1,760 163 2 844 151 2 107.9

20 to 24 hours............................. 6,654 217 1 4,307 223 2 2,347 209 2 106.7

25 to 29 hours............................. 3,200 264 2 2,081 270 2 1,120 255 3 105.9

30 to 34 hours............................. 6,268 336 3 4,035 352 4 2,232 315 3 111.7

35 hours and over........................... 98,836 781 2 44,208 713 3 54,627 864 3 82.5

35 to 39 hours............................. 8,128 495 4 5,380 507 5 2,748 466 7 108.8

40 hours.................................... 70,466 732 2 32,504 691 3 37,963 771 3 89.6

41 hours and over........................ 20,241 1,202 9 6,324 1,099 14 13,917 1,255 7 87.6

41 to 44 hours.......................... 1,031 880 19 390 841 27 642 912 30 92.2

45 to 48 hours.......................... 5,493 1,054 10 1,957 996 17 3,536 1,097 20 90.8

49 to 59 hours.......................... 9,119 1,270 10 2,805 1,193 22 6,314 1,317 16 90.6

60 hours and over...................... 4,599 1,373 16 1,173 1,202 46 3,426 1,436 22 83.7

Hours vary.................................... 8,089 463 9 3,648 324 6 4,441 618 12 52.4

Usually less than 35 hours.............. 2,478 205 4 1,500 202 4 978 210 6 96.2

Usually 35 or more hours................ 5,427 672 13 2,060 496 12 3,367 791 17 62.7

Note: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full-time and part-time workers. Estimates for the ′′hours vary′′ groups do not sum to totals because data

are not presented for a small number of multiple jobholders whose usual number of hours on the principal job is not identifiable.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
28 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 6. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected demographic

characteristics, 2013 annual averages

[In thousands]

Characteristic Total

employed

Number of workers by usual weekly earnings

Under

$350.00

$350.00

to

$499.99

$500.00

to

$599.99

$600.00

to

$749.99

$750.00

to

$999.99

$1,000.00

to

$1,199.99

$1,200.00

to

$1,999.99

$2,000.00

or

more

Age

Total, 16 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,262 7,881 16,496 10,022 14,128 17,822 10,179 18,784 8,951

16 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,247 2,130 3,270 1,175 1,214 864 305 240 50

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,084 441 407 91 73 41 11 17 3

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,164 1,690 2,863 1,084 1,141 823 293 222 47

25 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,015 5,751 13,225 8,847 12,914 16,958 9,875 18,544 8,901

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,081 1,889 4,578 2,870 3,910 4,680 2,448 3,683 1,023

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,303 1,354 3,039 2,051 3,216 4,314 2,503 5,268 2,559

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,100 1,309 3,106 2,143 3,239 4,464 2,648 5,294 2,898

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,066 848 2,024 1,453 2,135 2,983 1,981 3,649 1,993

65 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,465 351 479 331 414 517 295 650 428

Women, 16 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,268 4,345 8,275 5,173 6,800 8,009 4,370 6,866 2,430

16 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,041 1,089 1,475 496 486 326 101 53 15

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 222 167 24 25 10 3 2 1

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,587 866 1,308 471 462 316 98 50 14

25 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,228 3,256 6,800 4,678 6,314 7,684 4,269 6,813 2,415

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,891 961 2,061 1,385 1,841 2,049 1,038 1,288 268

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,480 787 1,553 1,063 1,519 1,891 1,047 1,896 723

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,391 825 1,772 1,204 1,626 2,075 1,161 1,956 772

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,967 503 1,164 854 1,114 1,425 895 1,441 571

65 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,498 180 250 172 213 243 127 232 81

Men, 16 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,994 3,537 8,221 4,849 7,328 9,813 5,809 11,918 6,521

16 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,207 1,042 1,795 679 727 539 203 187 34

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630 218 240 66 48 31 8 15 2

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,577 823 1,555 613 679 507 195 172 32

25 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,787 2,495 6,426 4,170 6,600 9,274 5,606 11,731 6,486

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,190 928 2,517 1,485 2,069 2,631 1,410 2,395 755

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,823 567 1,486 987 1,697 2,422 1,455 3,371 1,837

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,708 484 1,333 939 1,613 2,389 1,487 3,338 2,126

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,100 346 860 599 1,021 1,557 1,086 2,208 1,421

65 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,966 171 229 159 200 274 167 418 348

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,672 5,746 12,298 7,753 11,180 14,496 8,349 15,362 7,487

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,619 3,084 6,074 3,928 5,348 6,360 3,488 5,415 1,922

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,053 2,663 6,224 3,825 5,832 8,136 4,861 9,947 5,566

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,439 1,457 2,715 1,476 1,878 1,966 950 1,527 469

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,588 876 1,507 844 954 974 499 726 209

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,851 581 1,208 632 925 992 451 802 260

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,073 387 812 463 629 887 630 1,461 805

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,698 211 401 248 311 457 281 561 229

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,376 176 411 215 318 430 349 901 576

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,859 2,355 4,407 1,961 2,448 2,394 1,040 1,689 566

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,534 1,129 1,743 774 907 929 385 516 150

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,325 1,226 2,663 1,187 1,541 1,465 655 1,173 415

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People

of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 29

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 7. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by marital status and presence

and age of own children under 18 years old, 2013 annual averages

Characteristic

Number of

workers (in

thousands)

Median weekly

earnings

Standard error of

median

Women

Total, all marital statuses............................................................................. 46,268 $706 $3

With children under 18 years old.................................................................. 16,470 701 5

With children 6 to 17, none younger........................................................... 9,967 720 6

With children under 6 years old................................................................. 6,503 674 7

With no children under 18 years old.............................................................. 29,798 708 3

Total, married, spouse present....................................................................... 23,915 768 3

With children under 18 years old.................................................................. 10,855 781 6

With children 6 to 17, none younger........................................................... 6,529 771 6

With children under 6 years old................................................................. 4,326 800 12

With no children under 18 years old.............................................................. 13,060 760 4

Total, other marital statuses1

......................................................................... 22,353 630 3

With children under 18 years old.................................................................. 5,615 575 5

With children 6 to 17, none younger........................................................... 3,438 617 5

With children under 6 years old................................................................. 2,176 496 6

With no children under 18 years old.............................................................. 16,738 659 4

Men

Total, all marital statuses............................................................................. 57,994 860 3

With children under 18 years old.................................................................. 21,293 950 5

With children 6 to 17, none younger........................................................... 11,584 1,005 9

With children under 6 years old................................................................. 9,710 890 8

With no children under 18 years old.............................................................. 36,701 804 4

Total, married, spouse present....................................................................... 34,695 985 5

With children under 18 years old.................................................................. 18,799 990 6

With children 6 to 17, none younger........................................................... 10,335 1,038 12

With children under 6 years old................................................................. 8,464 942 8

With no children under 18 years old.............................................................. 15,896 979 6

Total, other marital statuses1

......................................................................... 23,299 687 4

With children under 18 years old.................................................................. 2,495 692 10

With children 6 to 17, none younger........................................................... 1,249 796 20

With children under 6 years old................................................................. 1,245 598 9

With no children under 18 years old.............................................................. 20,805 686 4

1 Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed persons.

Note: Children refer to ′′own′′ children and include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Excluded are other related children such as

grandchildren, nieces, nephews, and cousins, as well as unrelated children.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
30 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 8. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected characteristics,

2013 annual averages

Characteristic

Total Women Men

Women’s

earnings

as a

percentage

of men’s

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

hourly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

hourly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Number

of

workers

(in

thousands)

Median

hourly

earnings

Standard

error

of

median

Age

Total, 16 years and older...................... 75,948 $12.93 $0.03 38,404 $12.12 $0.02 37,544 $14.00 $0.04 86.6

16 to 24 years................................ 15,110 9.16 0.02 7,552 8.93 0.03 7,558 9.67 0.07 92.3

16 to 19 years............................. 4,089 8.19 0.02 2,115 8.09 0.02 1,975 8.37 0.05 96.7

20 to 24 years............................. 11,021 9.83 0.02 5,437 9.40 0.08 5,584 10.00 0.03 94.0

25 years and older.......................... 60,838 14.50 0.06 30,852 13.36 0.06 29,985 15.27 0.07 87.5

25 to 34 years............................. 17,607 12.88 0.05 8,326 12.23 0.07 9,281 13.42 0.14 91.1

35 to 44 years............................. 14,195 14.98 0.04 7,082 13.77 0.12 7,112 16.21 0.16 84.9

45 to 54 years............................. 15,097 15.17 0.05 7,916 13.94 0.07 7,181 17.17 0.14 81.2

55 to 64 years............................. 10,713 15.62 0.15 5,798 14.53 0.18 4,915 17.28 0.22 84.1

65 years and older........................ 3,227 12.47 0.20 1,731 12.22 0.14 1,496 12.88 0.22 94.9

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White............................................. 59,515 13.15 0.04 29,569 12.21 0.04 29,947 14.24 0.09 85.7

Black or African American.................... 10,233 11.90 0.04 5,643 11.54 0.13 4,590 12.16 0.06 94.9

Asian............................................. 3,495 13.62 0.27 1,888 13.04 0.18 1,606 14.24 0.28 91.6

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................... 14,706 11.25 0.09 6,341 10.49 0.11 8,365 11.99 0.05 87.5

Marital Status

Never married................................... 28,651 10.23 0.03 13,697 10.04 0.02 14,954 10.83 0.05 92.7

Married, spouse present....................... 34,479 15.10 0.03 16,965 13.99 0.05 17,514 16.55 0.12 84.5

Other marital status............................ 12,818 13.65 0.10 7,742 12.77 0.09 5,076 15.07 0.07 84.7

Divorced...................................... 8,133 14.50 0.16 4,813 13.29 0.13 3,320 16.04 0.14 82.9

Separated..................................... 3,236 12.07 0.07 1,799 11.53 0.16 1,437 13.09 0.20 88.1

Widowed...................................... 1,449 12.78 0.19 1,130 12.65 0.24 319 13.22 0.49 95.7

Union Affiliation1

Members of unions2............................ 8,641 18.58 0.19 3,383 16.36 0.22 5,258 20.09 0.08 81.4

Represented by unions3

....................... 9,440 18.34 0.16 3,781 16.23 0.19 5,659 20.02 0.08 81.1

Not represented by a union................... 66,508 12.21 0.03 34,624 11.89 0.02 31,884 13.02 0.05 91.3

Educational Attainment

Total, 25 years and older...................... 60,838 14.50 0.06 30,852 13.36 0.06 29,985 15.27 0.07 87.5

Less than a high school diploma.......... 6,821 10.51 0.11 2,586 9.68 0.10 4,235 11.76 0.10 82.3

High school graduates, no college. . . . . . .. 21,374 13.73 0.07 9,846 12.07 0.04 11,528 15.15 0.04 79.7

Some college or associate degree........ 20,084 14.92 0.04 10,993 13.79 0.07 9,092 16.47 0.16 83.7

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............. 12,558 19.02 0.13 7,428 18.52 0.22 5,131 19.78 0.22 93.6

1 Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective

bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, industry, and geographic region.

2 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.

3 Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association

contract.

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all

race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 31

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 9. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and selected

demographic characteristics, 2013 annual averages

[In thousands]

Characteristic Total

employed

Number of workers by hourly earnings

Under

$6.00

$6.00

to

$7.99

$8.00

to

$9.99

$10.00

to

$11.99

$12.00

to

$14.99

$15.00

to

$19.99

$20.00

or

more

Age

Total, 16 years and older................................ 75,948 1,202 4,694 13,800 12,195 12,795 14,201 17,060

16 to 24 years.......................................... 15,110 522 2,527 5,500 3,041 1,902 1,201 418

16 to 19 years....................................... 4,089 176 1,294 1,713 554 224 93 35

20 to 24 years....................................... 11,021 346 1,233 3,787 2,487 1,678 1,107 383

25 years and older..................................... 60,838 680 2,167 8,300 9,154 10,894 13,001 16,643

25 to 34 years....................................... 17,607 354 774 3,006 3,103 3,442 3,479 3,449

35 to 44 years....................................... 14,195 141 471 1,797 2,026 2,369 3,161 4,229

45 to 54 years....................................... 15,097 124 431 1,761 2,014 2,621 3,444 4,701

55 to 64 years....................................... 10,713 36 287 1,170 1,387 1,916 2,322 3,594

65 years and older.................................. 3,227 24 204 566 624 545 594 669

Women, 16 years and older............................. 38,404 842 2,782 7,909 6,362 6,797 6,623 7,089

16 to 24 years.......................................... 7,552 371 1,412 2,897 1,412 834 448 177

16 to 19 years....................................... 2,115 117 723 900 242 91 30 10

20 to 24 years....................................... 5,437 253 688 1,997 1,170 744 418 167

25 years and older..................................... 30,852 472 1,371 5,012 4,949 5,963 6,175 6,911

25 to 34 years....................................... 8,326 236 432 1,602 1,468 1,656 1,514 1,417

35 to 44 years....................................... 7,082 99 310 1,129 1,110 1,295 1,429 1,711

45 to 54 years....................................... 7,916 94 310 1,185 1,198 1,557 1,723 1,848

55 to 64 years....................................... 5,798 24 199 766 846 1,153 1,206 1,605

65 years and older.................................. 1,731 18 120 330 327 302 304 330

Men, 16 years and older................................. 37,544 360 1,912 5,891 5,833 5,998 7,578 9,972

16 to 24 years.......................................... 7,558 152 1,115 2,603 1,628 1,067 752 240

16 to 19 years....................................... 1,975 59 571 813 312 133 63 25

20 to 24 years....................................... 5,584 93 545 1,790 1,317 934 690 216

25 years and older..................................... 29,985 208 797 3,289 4,205 4,931 6,826 9,731

25 to 34 years....................................... 9,281 118 341 1,404 1,635 1,786 1,965 2,032

35 to 44 years....................................... 7,112 42 162 668 916 1,074 1,733 2,518

45 to 54 years....................................... 7,181 30 121 575 816 1,064 1,721 2,854

55 to 64 years....................................... 4,915 12 89 405 541 764 1,116 1,989

65 years and older.................................. 1,496 6 84 236 297 243 291 339

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White....................................................... 59,515 994 3,524 10,393 9,279 9,990 11,276 14,058

Women.................................................. 29,569 706 2,092 5,873 4,829 5,223 5,143 5,704

Men...................................................... 29,947 289 1,431 4,521 4,450 4,767 6,134 8,355

Black or African American............................... 10,233 117 822 2,193 1,869 1,778 1,878 1,575

Women.................................................. 5,643 75 492 1,353 997 1,027 963 736

Men...................................................... 4,590 42 330 841 872 752 915 839

Asian....................................................... 3,495 36 179 603 561 567 600 949

Women.................................................. 1,888 23 95 353 308 319 329 461

Men...................................................... 1,606 13 83 250 253 247 271 488

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.............................. 14,706 192 982 3,605 2,896 2,588 2,393 2,049

Women.................................................. 6,341 109 573 1,844 1,194 1,104 869 647

Men...................................................... 8,365 83 409 1,762 1,702 1,484 1,524 1,402

Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all

race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
32 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 10. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum

wage, by selected demographic characteristics, 2013 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

At

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage of

workers

paid hourly

rates

Age

Total, 16 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,948 1,768 1,532 3,301 4.3

16 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,110 808 855 1,663 11.0

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,089 321 476 797 19.5

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,021 487 379 866 7.9

25 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,838 961 677 1,638 2.7

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,607 454 249 704 4.0

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,195 211 144 355 2.5

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,097 179 135 314 2.1

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,713 66 89 155 1.4

65 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,227 51 60 111 3.4

Women, 16 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,404 1,148 910 2,058 5.4

16 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,552 534 473 1,007 13.3

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,115 194 272 466 22.0

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,437 340 201 541 10.0

25 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,852 614 437 1,051 3.4

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,326 278 140 418 5.0

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,082 139 100 239 3.4

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,916 132 99 231 2.9

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,798 40 59 99 1.7

65 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,731 25 39 64 3.7

Men, 16 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,544 621 622 1,243 3.3

16 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,558 273 382 656 8.7

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,975 127 205 331 16.8

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,584 147 178 324 5.8

25 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,985 347 240 587 2.0

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,281 177 109 286 3.1

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,112 72 44 116 1.6

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,181 47 36 83 1.2

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,915 26 29 56 1.1

65 years and older. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,496 26 21 47 3.1

Race and Hispanic or

Latino Ethnicity

White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,515 1,394 1,160 2,554 4.3

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,569 914 691 1,605 5.4

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,947 480 470 949 3.2

Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,233 224 276 500 4.9

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,643 137 155 292 5.2

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,590 87 121 209 4.5

Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,495 71 43 114 3.3

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,888 45 25 70 3.7

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,606 26 18 44 2.7

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,706 325 318 644 4.4

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,341 168 195 363 5.7

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,365 157 123 281 3.4

Full- and Part-time Status1

Full-time workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,387 726 447 1,173 2.1

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,078 435 263 698 2.8

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,309 291 184 475 1.6

Part-time workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,453 1,040 1,085 2,125 10.4

Women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,265 711 648 1,359 10.2

Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,188 328 438 766 10.7

1 The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data do not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job

is not identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders.

Note: See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers. Estimates for the race

groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 33

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum

wage, 1979-2013 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Year

Total

wage

and

salary

workers

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Percentage

of total

wage

and

salary

workers

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage1

At

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage1

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage

of

workers

paid hourly

rates

Total

1979. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,529 51,721 59.1 2,916 3,997 6,912 13.4

1980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,644 51,335 58.6 3,087 4,686 7,773 15.1

1981. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88,516 51,869 58.6 3,513 4,311 7,824 15.1

1982. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,368 50,846 58.2 2,348 4,148 6,496 12.8

1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88,290 51,820 58.7 2,077 4,261 6,338 12.2

1984. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,194 54,143 58.7 1,838 4,125 5,963 11.0

1985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,521 55,762 59.0 1,639 3,899 5,538 9.9

1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,903 57,529 59.4 1,599 3,461 5,060 8.8

1987. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,303 59,552 60.0 1,468 3,229 4,698 7.9

1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,407 60,878 60.0 1,319 2,608 3,927 6.5

1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,480 62,389 60.3 1,372 1,790 3,162 5.1

1990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,876 63,172 60.2 2,132 1,096 3,228 5.1

1991. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,723 62,627 60.4 2,377 2,906 5,283 8.4

1992. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,668 63,610 60.8 1,939 2,982 4,921 7.7

1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,101 64,274 60.6 1,707 2,625 4,332 6.7

1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,989 66,549 61.6 1,995 2,132 4,128 6.2

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110,038 68,354 62.1 1,699 1,956 3,656 5.3

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111,960 69,255 61.9 1,863 1,861 3,724 5.4

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,533 70,735 61.8 2,990 1,764 4,754 6.7

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,730 71,440 61.2 2,834 1,593 4,427 6.2

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,963 72,306 60.8 2,194 1,146 3,340 4.6

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,089 73,496 60.2 1,752 898 2,650 3.6

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,229 73,392 60.0 1,518 656 2,174 3.0

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,826 72,508 59.5 1,579 567 2,146 3.0

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,358 72,946 59.6 1,555 545 2,100 2.9

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,554 73,939 59.8 1,483 520 2,003 2.7

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,889 75,609 60.1 1,403 479 1,882 2.5

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,237 76,514 59.7 1,283 409 1,692 2.2

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,767 75,873 58.5 1,462 267 1,729 2.3

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,377 75,305 58.2 1,940 286 2,226 3.0

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,490 72,611 58.3 2,592 980 3,572 4.9

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,073 72,902 58.8 2,541 1,820 4,361 6.0

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,187 73,926 59.1 2,152 1,677 3,829 5.2

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,577 75,276 59.0 1,984 1,566 3,550 4.7

2013. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,110 75,948 58.8 1,768 1,532 3,301 4.3

Women

1979. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,129 23,329 61.2 2,070 2,644 4,714 20.2

1980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,944 23,626 60.7 2,104 2,990 5,095 21.6

1981. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,672 24,294 61.2 2,394 2,778 5,172 21.3

1982. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,777 24,365 61.3 1,651 2,561 4,212 17.3

1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,433 24,989 61.8 1,492 2,603 4,095 16.4

1984. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,172 26,003 61.7 1,348 2,499 3,847 14.8

1985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,506 26,869 61.8 1,198 2,356 3,554 13.2

1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,961 27,863 62.0 1,192 2,125 3,317 11.9

1987. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,365 29,078 62.7 1,105 1,946 3,051 10.5

1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,495 29,820 62.8 1,008 1,542 2,550 8.6

1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,691 30,702 63.1 994 1,056 2,050 6.7

1990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,323 31,069 63.0 1,420 711 2,131 6.9

1991. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,105 30,988 63.1 1,582 1,792 3,374 10.9

1992. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,842 31,454 63.1 1,286 1,751 3,036 9.7

1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,626 31,937 63.1 1,133 1,534 2,667 8.4

1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,419 33,021 64.2 1,322 1,241 2,563 7.8

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,369 33,934 64.8 1,157 1,161 2,318 6.8

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,488 34,418 64.3 1,244 1,106 2,350 6.8

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,708 35,214 64.4 1,843 1,092 2,935 8.3

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,757 35,680 64.0 1,794 965 2,760 7.7

See footnotes at end of table.
34 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum

wage, 1979-2013 annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Year

Total

wage

and

salary

workers

Workers paid hourly rates

Total

Percentage

of total

wage

and

salary

workers

Below

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage1

At

prevailing

federal

minimum

wage1

Total at or below

prevailing federal

minimum wage

Number

Percentage

of

workers

paid hourly

rates

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,050 36,233 63.5 1,426 700 2,126 5.9

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,427 36,777 62.9 1,170 579 1,749 4.8

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,582 36,848 62.9 1,021 409 1,430 3.9

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,555 36,508 62.3 997 350 1,347 3.7

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,122 37,093 62.7 1,062 332 1,394 3.8

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,408 37,133 62.5 1,013 310 1,323 3.6

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,423 37,957 62.8 944 290 1,234 3.3

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,426 38,321 62.4 861 263 1,124 2.9

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,299 38,082 61.1 1,002 181 1,183 3.1

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,532 37,972 60.7 1,302 196 1,498 3.9

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,951 37,426 61.4 1,603 612 2,215 5.9

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,542 37,404 61.8 1,598 1,151 2,749 7.3

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,502 37,469 61.9 1,366 1,029 2,395 6.4

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,679 38,163 61.9 1,288 999 2,287 6.0

2013. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,316 38,404 61.6 1,148 910 2,058 5.4

Men

1979. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,400 28,392 57.5 846 1,353 2,199 7.7

1980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,700 27,709 56.9 983 1,696 2,678 9.7

1981. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,844 27,576 56.5 1,119 1,533 2,652 9.6

1982. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,591 26,481 55.6 697 1,587 2,284 8.6

1983. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,856 26,831 56.1 585 1,658 2,243 8.4

1984. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,022 28,140 56.3 490 1,626 2,116 7.5

1985. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,015 28,893 56.6 440 1,544 1,984 6.9

1986. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,942 29,666 57.1 408 1,336 1,743 5.9

1987. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,938 30,474 57.6 364 1,283 1,647 5.4

1988. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,912 31,058 57.6 311 1,066 1,377 4.4

1989. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,789 31,687 57.8 379 733 1,112 3.5

1990. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,553 32,104 57.8 712 385 1,097 3.4

1991. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,618 31,639 57.9 795 1,114 1,909 6.0

1992. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,826 32,155 58.6 653 1,231 1,885 5.9

1993. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,475 32,337 58.3 573 1,091 1,664 5.1

1994. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,570 33,528 59.3 674 891 1,565 4.7

1995. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,669 34,420 59.7 542 796 1,338 3.9

1996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,473 34,838 59.6 619 755 1,374 3.9

1997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,825 35,521 59.4 1,147 673 1,820 5.1

1998. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,973 35,761 58.7 1,039 628 1,667 4.7

1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,914 36,073 58.3 768 446 1,214 3.4

2000. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,662 36,720 57.7 582 319 901 2.5

2001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,647 36,544 57.4 497 247 744 2.0

2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,272 36,000 56.9 582 217 799 2.2

2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,236 35,853 56.7 493 213 706 2.0

2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,145 36,806 57.4 470 210 680 1.8

2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,466 37,652 57.5 459 189 648 1.7

2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,811 38,193 57.2 422 146 568 1.5

2007. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,468 37,790 56.0 460 86 546 1.4

2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,846 37,334 55.9 638 90 728 1.9

2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,539 35,185 55.4 990 368 1,358 3.9

2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,531 35,498 55.9 943 669 1,612 4.5

2011. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,686 36,457 56.4 785 648 1,433 3.9

2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,898 37,113 56.3 696 567 1,263 3.4

2013. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,794 37,544 56.2 621 622 1,243 3.3

1 Data for 1990-91, 1996-97, and 2007-09 reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place in those years.

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS).

Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum

wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 35

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 12. Women’s earnings as a percentage of men’s, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers,

1979-2013

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

1979.............................................. 62.3 78.6 85.2 76.3 62.1 67.5 58.3 56.8 60.6 77.6

1980.............................................. 64.2 80.3 89.5 78.1 62.8 69.4 58.3 56.9 59.4 76.4

1981.............................................. 64.4 82.6 91.7 80.6 62.6 70.3 59.9 56.8 58.9 71.1

1982.............................................. 65.7 85.3 92.9 82.4 64.9 72.1 61.1 60.1 61.4 70.3

1983.............................................. 66.5 88.8 94.0 85.5 65.8 73.3 61.5 59.5 61.8 68.8

1984.............................................. 67.6 87.9 93.1 85.2 67.1 74.6 62.0 59.4 61.5 66.8

1985.............................................. 68.1 87.6 90.7 85.7 66.8 75.1 63.0 59.7 61.0 65.9

1986.............................................. 69.5 89.0 91.4 87.5 66.5 76.1 63.9 60.9 61.2 71.5

1987.............................................. 69.8 88.3 87.8 88.0 67.3 76.7 66.1 62.3 62.2 68.7

1988.............................................. 70.2 89.7 89.8 90.0 68.8 77.7 68.5 61.7 62.3 70.9

1989.............................................. 70.1 90.8 94.3 89.7 70.2 78.3 68.3 62.7 63.9 74.3

1990.............................................. 71.9 90.1 90.8 90.3 72.1 79.3 69.6 63.8 63.7 74.4

1991.............................................. 74.2 93.3 93.6 93.3 74.0 81.0 70.7 65.0 64.5 68.3

1992.............................................. 75.8 94.0 94.0 94.3 74.6 82.0 71.9 65.8 64.9 77.9

1993.............................................. 77.1 94.8 92.8 95.4 74.8 83.0 73.0 67.4 67.4 74.3

1994.............................................. 76.4 93.9 92.5 94.5 73.1 82.9 72.6 67.1 66.0 76.2

1995.............................................. 75.5 90.8 88.1 92.4 72.8 82.2 72.6 67.7 64.7 80.0

1996.............................................. 75.0 92.5 88.8 92.8 74.1 83.2 73.3 68.9 65.3 70.0

1997.............................................. 74.4 92.1 91.6 90.5 75.1 82.9 74.0 69.4 64.7 77.0

1998.............................................. 76.3 91.3 88.6 89.4 75.9 82.9 73.6 70.5 68.1 72.6

1999.............................................. 76.5 91.0 91.4 90.5 74.4 81.5 71.7 70.0 67.9 78.7

2000.............................................. 76.9 91.7 92.5 92.7 74.5 82.4 71.6 73.2 69.1 75.1

2001.............................................. 76.4 90.3 90.3 91.9 75.4 83.0 72.5 73.5 70.5 69.0

2002.............................................. 77.9 93.9 94.6 93.9 77.6 84.5 75.2 74.6 71.6 73.8

2003.............................................. 79.4 93.2 93.1 93.9 78.5 86.9 76.1 73.0 72.7 71.1

2004.............................................. 80.4 93.8 92.1 93.8 78.6 87.8 75.6 72.9 73.0 74.6

2005.............................................. 81.0 93.2 92.1 93.8 79.4 89.0 75.5 75.5 74.7 76.4

2006.............................................. 80.8 94.5 87.6 94.9 78.7 88.2 77.2 73.5 72.9 77.5

2007.............................................. 80.2 92.3 89.1 90.3 78.5 86.9 76.5 74.5 72.8 77.8

2008.............................................. 79.9 91.1 87.3 92.5 78.2 88.5 74.5 74.9 75.4 74.8

2009.............................................. 80.2 92.6 90.7 92.9 78.7 88.7 77.4 73.6 75.3 76.1

2010.............................................. 81.2 95.3 94.6 93.8 80.5 90.8 79.9 76.5 75.2 75.7

2011.............................................. 82.2 92.5 88.6 93.2 81.0 92.3 78.5 76.0 75.1 80.9

2012.............................................. 80.9 88.9 88.5 89.0 79.9 90.2 78.1 75.1 76.2 77.6

2013.............................................. 82.1 88.3 89.7 89.8 81.1 89.4 80.2 76.6 77.1 73.7

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women’s-to-men’s

earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 22.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
36 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 13. Women’s earnings as a percentage of men’s, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time

wage and salary workers, 1979-2013

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

ethnicity

1979.............................................................................. 62.3 61.7 74.4 – 71.7

1980.............................................................................. 64.2 63.4 75.8 – 73.5

1981.............................................................................. 64.4 63.1 76.9 – 75.7

1982.............................................................................. 65.7 64.5 78.1 – 75.5

1983.............................................................................. 66.5 65.6 78.9 – 78.5

1984.............................................................................. 67.6 66.8 79.5 – 77.7

1985.............................................................................. 68.1 67.2 82.6 – 77.7

1986.............................................................................. 69.5 67.9 82.8 – 80.6

1987.............................................................................. 69.8 68.2 84.4 – 82.0

1988.............................................................................. 70.2 68.4 82.8 – 84.4

1989.............................................................................. 70.1 69.3 86.5 – 85.4

1990.............................................................................. 71.9 71.5 85.3 – 87.4

1991.............................................................................. 74.2 73.7 86.1 – 90.4

1992.............................................................................. 75.8 75.3 88.2 – 89.1

1993.............................................................................. 77.1 76.5 88.8 – 90.5

1994.............................................................................. 76.4 74.6 86.5 – 88.9

1995.............................................................................. 75.5 73.3 86.4 – 87.1

1996.............................................................................. 75.0 73.8 87.9 – 88.8

1997.............................................................................. 74.4 74.6 86.8 – 85.7

1998.............................................................................. 76.3 76.1 85.5 – 86.4

1999.............................................................................. 76.5 75.7 83.8 – 85.7

2000.............................................................................. 76.9 75.8 84.1 79.9 87.8

2001.............................................................................. 76.4 75.8 85.8 76.9 88.2

2002.............................................................................. 77.9 77.9 90.3 74.9 88.0

2003.............................................................................. 79.4 79.3 88.5 77.5 88.4

2004.............................................................................. 80.4 79.8 88.8 76.4 87.3

2005.............................................................................. 81.0 80.2 89.3 80.6 87.7

2006.............................................................................. 80.8 80.0 87.8 79.3 87.1

2007.............................................................................. 80.2 79.4 88.8 78.1 91.0

2008.............................................................................. 79.9 79.3 89.4 78.0 89.6

2009.............................................................................. 80.2 79.2 93.7 81.8 89.5

2010.............................................................................. 81.2 80.5 93.5 82.6 90.7

2011.............................................................................. 82.2 82.1 91.1 77.4 90.7

2012.............................................................................. 80.9 80.8 90.1 73.0 88.0

2013.............................................................................. 82.1 81.7 91.3 77.3 91.1

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women’s-to-men’s

earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 23. As of

2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people

who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they

identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for

Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 37

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 14. Women’s earnings as a percentage of men’s, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary

workers 25 years and older, 1979-2013

Year

Total, 25

years and

older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some college

or associate

degree

Bachelor’s

degree and

higher

1979.............................................................................. 62.1 60.3 60.1 64.1 66.7

1980.............................................................................. 62.8 61.4 61.5 64.5 67.9

1981.............................................................................. 62.6 61.2 61.0 65.6 66.9

1982.............................................................................. 64.9 62.8 63.1 66.7 68.8

1983.............................................................................. 65.8 64.8 63.4 68.2 71.2

1984.............................................................................. 67.1 64.9 64.9 68.4 69.4

1985.............................................................................. 66.8 64.3 65.8 67.2 70.2

1986.............................................................................. 66.5 64.8 66.6 68.0 70.6

1987.............................................................................. 67.3 66.0 68.1 69.8 71.4

1988.............................................................................. 68.8 66.6 68.2 71.6 71.4

1989.............................................................................. 70.2 66.8 67.6 73.3 71.9

1990.............................................................................. 72.1 68.8 68.6 72.9 72.2

1991.............................................................................. 74.0 71.6 69.8 72.6 73.6

1992.............................................................................. 74.6 72.9 70.4 73.3 75.1

1993.............................................................................. 74.8 73.9 71.3 73.8 75.8

1994.............................................................................. 73.1 75.1 70.8 72.1 76.8

1995.............................................................................. 72.8 75.5 70.2 71.6 76.2

1996.............................................................................. 74.1 75.1 70.7 73.2 75.2

1997.............................................................................. 75.1 75.3 70.7 73.9 75.0

1998.............................................................................. 75.9 73.9 70.8 74.0 75.3

1999.............................................................................. 74.4 73.4 69.8 73.4 75.7

2000.............................................................................. 74.5 74.9 71.1 73.1 74.1

2001.............................................................................. 75.4 75.4 72.7 71.9 73.7

2002.............................................................................. 77.6 77.2 74.2 74.3 74.2

2003.............................................................................. 78.5 76.7 75.5 75.7 73.6

2004.............................................................................. 78.6 74.9 75.7 75.8 75.2

2005.............................................................................. 79.4 74.9 75.6 76.6 75.7

2006.............................................................................. 78.7 76.3 73.7 75.6 75.1

2007.............................................................................. 78.5 76.7 74.3 75.2 75.0

2008.............................................................................. 78.2 76.1 73.3 75.7 74.3

2009.............................................................................. 78.7 76.4 75.7 75.4 73.1

2010.............................................................................. 80.5 79.8 76.5 75.5 74.1

2011.............................................................................. 81.0 80.9 76.9 76.8 74.9

2012.............................................................................. 79.9 76.0 76.3 76.9 73.0

2013.............................................................................. 81.1 80.0 78.3 76.6 74.8

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women’s-to-men’s

earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and

older in table 24.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
38 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 15. Women’s earnings as a percentage of men’s, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates,

1979-2013

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

1979.............................................. 64.1 81.8 95.0 75.9 58.3 63.3 55.8 54.1 56.9 87.6

1980.............................................. 64.8 84.1 93.2 77.0 58.7 64.1 54.9 54.4 56.4 89.2

1981.............................................. 65.1 86.1 96.7 80.0 60.3 66.7 57.5 54.1 56.2 88.1

1982.............................................. 67.3 86.3 97.0 81.8 62.1 67.7 57.1 55.7 59.0 88.1

1983.............................................. 69.4 87.2 96.7 84.4 62.9 70.3 57.6 56.7 58.0 87.6

1984.............................................. 69.8 86.0 96.5 84.5 63.7 71.1 59.0 56.9 59.5 89.0

1985.............................................. 70.0 85.7 96.3 87.2 64.7 72.4 60.3 57.8 60.4 88.8

1986.............................................. 70.2 85.8 95.5 86.7 66.0 74.1 61.4 59.0 60.3 91.3

1987.............................................. 72.1 85.9 93.9 86.1 67.2 74.3 62.9 61.3 62.0 91.2

1988.............................................. 73.8 89.1 94.4 87.2 68.7 75.6 66.1 61.6 62.4 92.8

1989.............................................. 75.4 90.7 93.4 86.9 69.8 78.0 67.0 63.4 63.8 87.1

1990.............................................. 77.9 91.0 93.8 90.1 71.8 79.4 68.7 64.3 66.2 89.6

1991.............................................. 78.6 91.0 97.9 91.7 73.5 80.4 70.4 65.0 68.9 92.6

1992.............................................. 80.3 91.3 97.7 92.5 76.0 82.6 73.1 66.1 69.3 92.6

1993.............................................. 80.4 91.7 97.1 94.2 77.3 83.6 73.1 67.3 69.0 92.1

1994.............................................. 80.6 90.5 97.0 91.2 78.2 85.5 73.4 69.9 70.7 94.0

1995.............................................. 80.8 90.9 96.1 89.3 76.1 83.7 72.6 70.8 71.4 94.2

1996.............................................. 81.2 92.1 97.0 89.6 78.2 83.1 74.6 72.1 72.4 91.6

1997.............................................. 80.8 92.2 96.6 91.2 78.8 82.7 75.7 72.3 70.5 98.1

1998.............................................. 81.8 90.3 96.7 89.1 77.9 86.1 77.4 75.0 72.4 93.2

1999.............................................. 83.8 92.7 96.8 89.9 79.4 83.9 76.9 72.7 76.4 95.4

2000.............................................. 83.8 91.7 93.8 93.0 80.8 88.3 76.3 73.2 76.8 94.7

2001.............................................. 85.2 90.5 95.8 89.7 79.2 85.8 75.0 76.1 80.2 90.4

2002.............................................. 85.0 92.5 96.9 91.3 82.1 85.1 78.7 77.6 80.8 89.3

2003.............................................. 84.8 93.2 97.6 91.0 83.1 87.5 79.1 79.0 78.4 90.3

2004.............................................. 84.6 93.9 95.9 91.7 81.7 88.3 78.4 79.1 79.6 92.5

2005.............................................. 84.8 92.6 96.0 92.4 83.2 89.2 79.6 80.2 80.2 97.8

2006.............................................. 84.0 90.9 95.7 90.5 83.2 87.6 80.0 76.4 80.6 93.0

2007.............................................. 84.8 89.3 95.4 90.4 81.7 87.4 81.5 79.6 79.2 92.2

2008.............................................. 85.4 91.2 96.6 91.6 83.0 87.0 80.5 78.2 81.8 91.6

2009.............................................. 85.5 93.1 97.1 92.0 84.7 90.6 80.7 77.0 84.5 92.6

2010.............................................. 86.0 93.6 97.8 91.7 85.6 91.9 82.9 79.9 83.2 93.8

2011.............................................. 86.8 94.6 97.5 92.5 86.7 92.0 83.8 81.5 82.2 91.5

2012.............................................. 86.4 93.0 97.9 92.0 86.8 91.5 83.9 81.2 83.1 90.9

2013.............................................. 86.6 92.3 96.7 94.0 87.5 91.1 84.9 81.2 84.1 94.9

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). Information on historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women’s-to-men’s

earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of workers paid hourly rates in table 25.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 39

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 16. Women’s earnings as a percentage of men’s, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and

salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2013

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic or

Latino

ethnicity

1979.............................................................................. 64.1 62.5 72.6 – 71.8

1980.............................................................................. 64.8 63.6 74.9 – 75.1

1981.............................................................................. 65.1 63.8 72.1 – 76.4

1982.............................................................................. 67.3 66.0 75.2 – 75.6

1983.............................................................................. 69.4 68.0 79.2 – 76.1

1984.............................................................................. 69.8 68.6 79.1 – 77.0

1985.............................................................................. 70.0 67.8 82.0 – 79.4

1986.............................................................................. 70.2 68.8 78.7 – 80.8

1987.............................................................................. 72.1 70.9 80.1 – 80.2

1988.............................................................................. 73.8 72.7 80.8 – 81.1

1989.............................................................................. 75.4 74.0 83.2 – 83.0

1990.............................................................................. 77.9 75.6 84.5 – 86.1

1991.............................................................................. 78.6 76.6 86.5 – 86.9

1992.............................................................................. 80.3 78.6 87.1 – 88.3

1993.............................................................................. 80.4 78.9 89.6 – 88.6

1994.............................................................................. 80.6 79.7 87.5 – 89.3

1995.............................................................................. 80.8 78.4 87.3 – 90.9

1996.............................................................................. 81.2 79.6 88.0 – 88.8

1997.............................................................................. 80.8 80.3 87.5 – 86.3

1998.............................................................................. 81.8 81.8 86.9 – 87.6

1999.............................................................................. 83.8 82.3 83.2 – 86.6

2000.............................................................................. 83.8 83.0 88.8 90.5 87.3

2001.............................................................................. 85.2 83.8 89.9 85.1 85.6

2002.............................................................................. 85.0 83.8 92.3 91.7 86.1

2003.............................................................................. 84.8 84.0 91.7 89.8 88.5

2004.............................................................................. 84.6 84.0 91.3 88.8 90.2

2005.............................................................................. 84.8 84.2 91.1 91.3 90.1

2006.............................................................................. 84.0 83.6 88.5 90.7 87.6

2007.............................................................................. 84.8 83.7 90.3 89.5 88.5

2008.............................................................................. 85.4 84.5 89.9 87.3 85.1

2009.............................................................................. 85.5 84.8 89.7 90.4 84.6

2010.............................................................................. 86.0 85.0 92.1 88.0 86.2

2011.............................................................................. 86.8 85.9 93.5 89.8 86.8

2012.............................................................................. 86.4 85.3 92.0 90.1 85.4

2013.............................................................................. 86.6 85.7 94.9 91.6 87.5

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women’s-to-men’s

earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in table 26. As

of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people

who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they

identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for

Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics.

Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
40 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers,

1979-2013 annual averages

[In constant 2013 dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

Total

1979.............................................. $722 $515 $431 $557 $793 $763 $838 $826 $784 $593

1980.............................................. 704 503 414 538 769 742 812 801 766 546

1981.............................................. 698 491 396 523 757 727 801 786 759 545

1982.............................................. 701 483 381 510 759 722 821 800 754 587

1983.............................................. 696 469 364 496 762 713 822 816 769 580

1984.............................................. 697 464 361 494 774 716 831 823 782 581

1985.............................................. 711 463 360 496 783 721 839 826 787 614

1986.............................................. 728 471 361 503 793 730 850 844 805 604

1987.............................................. 733 476 365 508 790 731 853 841 794 608

1988.............................................. 728 471 371 503 783 724 851 856 792 611

1989.............................................. 724 470 370 501 775 715 857 857 782 606

1990.............................................. 712 465 361 492 775 703 839 845 789 592

1991.............................................. 710 462 355 485 778 692 830 845 782 635

1992.............................................. 715 449 345 472 779 686 818 849 785 615

1993.............................................. 729 448 340 471 779 692 821 860 781 624

1994.............................................. 726 445 344 467 778 683 835 880 779 597

1995.............................................. 727 443 351 464 774 684 835 883 780 590

1996.............................................. 725 441 355 462 769 685 827 879 791 568

1997.............................................. 728 443 365 465 781 696 838 878 808 569

1998.............................................. 746 455 382 484 816 716 852 884 845 578

1999.............................................. 768 477 393 508 828 724 855 912 845 565

2000.............................................. 779 488 402 518 824 743 846 905 839 627

2001.............................................. 784 493 401 518 829 758 864 912 839 642

2002.............................................. 788 494 395 517 837 766 865 915 873 650

2003.............................................. 785 490 394 509 838 752 870 915 896 653

2004.............................................. 787 481 381 501 842 745 879 916 894 691

2005.............................................. 777 474 379 490 831 728 872 893 885 679

2006.............................................. 775 472 374 488 829 717 864 893 883 673

2007.............................................. 781 476 379 506 829 722 864 888 902 680

2008.............................................. 781 479 378 505 824 721 870 890 893 697

2009.............................................. 802 480 374 504 840 736 887 910 913 743

2010.............................................. 798 462 371 485 835 729 880 902 919 731

2011.............................................. 783 455 364 473 825 717 866 896 912 768

2012.............................................. 779 450 361 471 827 717 870 890 910 768

2013.............................................. 776 454 373 472 827 708 874 883 904 801

Women

1979.............................................. $545 $461 $395 $482 $584 $596 $587 $575 $566 $509

1980.............................................. 540 449 390 470 573 586 575 562 551 470

1981.............................................. 538 442 378 469 572 587 585 553 545 464

1982.............................................. 555 445 367 466 592 599 599 585 568 490

1983.............................................. 560 440 351 460 596 604 604 587 571 471

1984.............................................. 566 434 346 455 605 609 624 596 577 468

1985.............................................. 572 436 343 457 612 612 634 603 589 500

1986.............................................. 590 444 345 469 625 621 647 625 600 519

1987.............................................. 594 445 337 475 629 620 661 635 604 512

1988.............................................. 595 444 348 474 633 618 669 641 599 529

1989.............................................. 595 446 358 472 637 617 672 648 604 530

1990.............................................. 598 439 342 465 637 615 674 651 601 518

1991.............................................. 610 443 342 467 645 618 678 663 605 532

1992.............................................. 618 434 333 455 650 621 680 678 611 533

1993.............................................. 624 433 325 459 659 627 690 698 627 532

1994.............................................. 621 429 328 451 655 617 697 700 619 523

1995.............................................. 616 417 326 442 649 612 687 704 612 536
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 41

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers,

1979-2013 annual averages — Continued

[In constant 2013 dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

1996.............................................. 618 420 330 441 657 614 685 712 621 494

1997.............................................. 624 423 347 443 669 618 698 716 627 504

1998.............................................. 650 435 355 455 692 643 710 736 679 499

1999.............................................. 662 453 372 480 695 657 703 747 688 517

2000.............................................. 667 465 383 495 698 667 705 763 687 530

2001.............................................. 674 464 379 493 714 674 720 772 705 513

2002.............................................. 685 475 382 499 736 687 740 780 744 557

2003.............................................. 699 470 378 490 739 691 747 771 761 551

2004.............................................. 707 462 361 482 739 692 750 771 758 589

2005.............................................. 698 455 363 473 730 684 741 768 763 587

2006.............................................. 693 456 352 477 724 673 745 761 760 589

2007.............................................. 690 460 357 479 726 671 751 761 763 600

2008.............................................. 690 455 348 482 725 674 738 765 769 609

2009.............................................. 713 460 351 483 746 688 770 773 789 654

2010.............................................. 715 451 359 469 752 692 781 780 786 642

2011.............................................. 708 436 340 453 743 685 760 770 775 687

2012.............................................. 701 422 335 435 737 675 758 757 777 676

2013.............................................. 706 423 350 442 740 665 767 761 779 691

Men

1979.............................................. $874 $587 $464 $632 $940 $883 $1,006 $1,012 $934 $656

1980.............................................. 841 559 435 602 911 844 987 987 927 616

1981.............................................. 835 536 413 582 914 835 975 973 926 654

1982.............................................. 845 522 394 566 912 831 979 972 926 696

1983.............................................. 842 496 373 538 904 824 982 987 924 684

1984.............................................. 838 494 372 534 902 816 1,006 1,004 938 701

1985.............................................. 841 498 378 533 915 814 1,006 1,010 965 758

1986.............................................. 850 499 377 535 939 815 1,012 1,026 982 726

1987.............................................. 851 504 384 539 935 808 1,000 1,020 971 745

1988.............................................. 849 495 388 527 921 796 977 1,038 962 747

1989.............................................. 849 492 379 526 907 788 984 1,033 946 713

1990.............................................. 831 487 377 515 884 775 967 1,021 943 696

1991.............................................. 822 475 365 500 872 763 960 1,020 938 778

1992.............................................. 815 462 354 483 872 758 945 1,031 941 685

1993.............................................. 810 457 351 481 881 756 946 1,037 930 716

1994.............................................. 812 457 355 477 896 745 960 1,044 938 686

1995.............................................. 816 460 370 478 892 744 947 1,039 945 669

1996.............................................. 824 454 371 475 886 738 935 1,033 951 706

1997.............................................. 838 459 379 489 890 745 942 1,032 968 654

1998.............................................. 853 476 401 509 912 776 966 1,044 997 688

1999.............................................. 864 498 407 530 934 807 982 1,067 1,014 657

2000.............................................. 867 507 414 535 938 809 985 1,043 995 706

2001.............................................. 882 514 420 537 947 812 992 1,051 1,000 743

2002.............................................. 880 506 404 531 948 812 983 1,045 1,039 755

2003.............................................. 880 504 406 522 942 795 981 1,056 1,047 775

2004.............................................. 879 493 392 514 940 788 991 1,057 1,039 790

2005.............................................. 862 488 394 504 920 768 981 1,018 1,020 768

2006.............................................. 858 483 402 502 920 763 965 1,036 1,042 760

2007.............................................. 861 498 401 530 925 772 981 1,021 1,048 771

2008.............................................. 864 499 399 521 927 762 990 1,022 1,021 815

2009.............................................. 889 497 387 520 948 776 995 1,050 1,048 859

2010.............................................. 880 473 379 500 934 763 978 1,019 1,046 848

2011.............................................. 861 471 383 487 917 742 968 1,013 1,032 850

2012.............................................. 866 475 378 489 923 748 971 1,008 1,019 872

2013.............................................. 860 479 390 492 912 744 956 994 1,011 937

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current
42 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price

Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical

notes section.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 43

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for

full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2013 annual averages

[In constant 2013 dollars]

Year

Total, 16

years and

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic or

Latino

ethnicity

Total

1979.............................................................................. $722 $743 $596 – $581

1980.............................................................................. 704 723 570 – 562

1981.............................................................................. 698 715 577 – 548

1982.............................................................................. 701 719 568 – 557

1983.............................................................................. 696 711 580 – 556

1984.............................................................................. 697 718 575 – 553

1985.............................................................................. 711 736 572 – 558

1986.............................................................................. 728 753 590 – 562

1987.............................................................................. 733 753 590 – 559

1988.............................................................................. 728 747 594 – 548

1989.............................................................................. 724 742 579 – 541

1990.............................................................................. 712 732 568 – 525

1991.............................................................................. 710 737 580 – 520

1992.............................................................................. 715 745 580 – 522

1993.............................................................................. 729 754 586 – 525

1994.............................................................................. 726 753 577 – 504

1995.............................................................................. 727 750 581 – 499

1996.............................................................................. 725 749 572 – 501

1997.............................................................................. 728 751 579 – 508

1998.............................................................................. 746 777 608 – 528

1999.............................................................................. 768 801 622 – 538

2000.............................................................................. 779 798 641 $832 540

2001.............................................................................. 784 803 646 841 549

2002.............................................................................. 788 807 645 852 549

2003.............................................................................. 785 805 651 877 557

2004.............................................................................. 787 810 647 873 562

2005.............................................................................. 777 802 621 899 562

2006.............................................................................. 775 797 640 905 561

2007.............................................................................. 781 804 639 933 565

2008.............................................................................. 781 803 637 932 573

2009.............................................................................. 802 822 653 955 587

2010.............................................................................. 798 817 653 913 572

2011.............................................................................. 783 802 637 896 568

2012.............................................................................. 779 803 630 933 576

2013.............................................................................. 776 802 629 942 578

Women

1979.............................................................................. $545 $551 $506 – $470

1980.............................................................................. 540 546 497 – 462

1981.............................................................................. 538 543 506 – 467

1982.............................................................................. 555 561 503 – 471

1983.............................................................................. 560 564 516 – 478

1984.............................................................................. 566 573 515 – 476

1985.............................................................................. 572 581 521 – 475

1986.............................................................................. 590 596 535 – 489

1987.............................................................................. 594 602 541 – 492

1988.............................................................................. 595 601 544 – 491

1989.............................................................................. 595 606 546 – 488

1990.............................................................................. 598 610 532 – 480

1991.............................................................................. 610 622 538 – 487

1992.............................................................................. 618 629 545 – 491

1993.............................................................................. 624 637 552 – 497

1994.............................................................................. 621 635 538 – 474

1995.............................................................................. 616 630 539 – 463

1996.............................................................................. 618 633 536 – 467
44 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for

full-time wage and salary workers, 1979-2013 annual averages — Continued

[In constant 2013 dollars]

Year

Total, 16

years and

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic or

Latino

ethnicity

1997.............................................................................. 624 643 543 – 460

1998.............................................................................. 650 668 571 – 481

1999.............................................................................. 662 676 572 – 487

2000.............................................................................. 667 679 581 $740 495

2001.............................................................................. 674 687 597 741 511

2002.............................................................................. 685 709 613 733 514

2003.............................................................................. 699 718 622 757 519

2004.............................................................................. 707 720 623 756 517

2005.............................................................................. 698 711 595 794 512

2006.............................................................................. 693 703 599 807 508

2007.............................................................................. 690 703 599 821 531

2008.............................................................................. 690 708 600 815 542

2009.............................................................................. 713 726 632 846 553

2010.............................................................................. 715 731 632 826 543

2011.............................................................................. 708 728 616 777 536

2012.............................................................................. 701 720 608 781 528

2013.............................................................................. 706 722 606 819 541

Men

1979.............................................................................. $874 $892 $680 – $656

1980.............................................................................. 841 860 656 – 629

1981.............................................................................. 835 860 658 – 617

1982.............................................................................. 845 870 645 – 624

1983.............................................................................. 842 860 653 – 609

1984.............................................................................. 838 857 647 – 613

1985.............................................................................. 841 864 630 – 612

1986.............................................................................. 850 878 647 – 606

1987.............................................................................. 851 882 641 – 600

1988.............................................................................. 849 879 658 – 582

1989.............................................................................. 849 875 632 – 572

1990.............................................................................. 831 853 623 – 549

1991.............................................................................. 822 843 625 – 538

1992.............................................................................. 815 836 618 – 551

1993.............................................................................. 810 832 622 – 549

1994.............................................................................. 812 851 622 – 533

1995.............................................................................. 816 859 624 – 531

1996.............................................................................. 824 858 609 – 527

1997.............................................................................. 838 861 625 – 537

1998.............................................................................. 853 877 668 – 556

1999.............................................................................. 864 892 683 – 568

2000.............................................................................. 867 896 690 $927 564

2001.............................................................................. 882 907 696 963 579

2002.............................................................................. 880 909 679 979 584

2003.............................................................................. 880 905 703 977 587

2004.............................................................................. 879 903 702 989 592

2005.............................................................................. 862 887 667 984 584

2006.............................................................................. 858 879 682 1,018 583

2007.............................................................................. 861 885 674 1,052 584

2008.............................................................................. 864 893 671 1,045 605

2009.............................................................................. 889 917 674 1,034 618

2010.............................................................................. 880 908 676 1,000 598

2011.............................................................................. 861 886 676 1,004 591

2012.............................................................................. 866 891 674 1,070 600

2013.............................................................................. 860 884 664 1,059 594

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for

the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more

than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 45

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not

tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer

Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the

technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
46 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and

salary workers 25 years and older, 1979-2013 annual averages

[In constant 2013 dollars]

Year

Total,

25 years

and older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some

college or

associate

degree

Bachelor’s

degree and

higher

Total

1979.............................................................................. $793 $629 $746 $844 $1,030

1980.............................................................................. 769 597 715 817 1,011

1981.............................................................................. 757 590 703 796 1,000

1982.............................................................................. 759 575 701 814 1,016

1983.............................................................................. 762 569 691 807 1,024

1984.............................................................................. 774 562 690 816 1,038

1985.............................................................................. 783 558 688 824 1,045

1986.............................................................................. 793 564 698 830 1,065

1987.............................................................................. 790 557 698 825 1,106

1988.............................................................................. 783 544 696 813 1,106

1989.............................................................................. 775 539 681 820 1,105

1990.............................................................................. 775 523 667 822 1,102

1991.............................................................................. 778 512 662 815 1,110

1992.............................................................................. 779 506 655 787 1,132

1993.............................................................................. 779 498 659 784 1,135

1994.............................................................................. 778 477 655 776 1,140

1995.............................................................................. 774 469 656 771 1,134

1996.............................................................................. 769 469 655 766 1,121

1997.............................................................................. 781 465 667 774 1,127

1998.............................................................................. 816 481 683 796 1,171

1999.............................................................................. 828 484 685 811 1,203

2000.............................................................................. 824 490 683 806 1,206

2001.............................................................................. 829 503 684 812 1,212

2002.............................................................................. 837 503 693 815 1,219

2003.............................................................................. 838 501 701 809 1,220

2004.............................................................................. 842 494 708 815 1,216

2005.............................................................................. 831 488 696 800 1,209

2006.............................................................................. 829 484 687 799 1,200

2007.............................................................................. 829 481 679 791 1,204

2008.............................................................................. 824 490 669 781 1,207

2009.............................................................................. 840 493 680 788 1,235

2010.............................................................................. 835 474 669 784 1,222

2011.............................................................................. 825 467 660 765 1,190

2012.............................................................................. 827 478 661 760 1,182

2013.............................................................................. 827 472 651 748 1,194

Women

1979.............................................................................. $584 $455 $554 $632 $790

1980.............................................................................. 573 441 540 621 780

1981.............................................................................. 572 430 533 627 781

1982.............................................................................. 592 427 548 636 803

1983.............................................................................. 596 433 547 640 820

1984.............................................................................. 605 427 553 652 833

1985.............................................................................. 612 417 554 655 855

1986.............................................................................. 625 422 562 669 884

1987.............................................................................. 629 420 565 680 914

1988.............................................................................. 633 418 563 681 917

1989.............................................................................. 637 419 552 688 920

1990.............................................................................. 637 415 544 682 924

1991.............................................................................. 645 417 547 682 937

1992.............................................................................. 650 416 548 662 966

1993.............................................................................. 659 417 551 670 970

1994.............................................................................. 655 400 546 658 986

1995.............................................................................. 649 398 540 648 977

1996.............................................................................. 657 396 540 654 972
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 47

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and

salary workers 25 years and older, 1979-2013 annual averages — Continued

[In constant 2013 dollars]

Year

Total,

25 years

and older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some

college or

associate

degree

Bachelor’s

degree and

higher

1997.............................................................................. 669 398 547 664 973

1998.............................................................................. 692 404 565 679 1,009

1999.............................................................................. 695 406 566 683 1,035

2000.............................................................................. 698 411 568 683 1,023

2001.............................................................................. 714 416 583 684 1,034

2002.............................................................................. 736 421 593 703 1,048

2003.............................................................................. 739 416 600 709 1,053

2004.............................................................................. 739 412 602 711 1,060

2005.............................................................................. 730 407 588 700 1,054

2006.............................................................................. 724 413 577 695 1,045

2007.............................................................................. 726 415 575 684 1,047

2008.............................................................................. 725 409 563 680 1,034

2009.............................................................................. 746 415 588 684 1,053

2010.............................................................................. 752 415 580 682 1,053

2011.............................................................................. 743 409 573 668 1,033

2012.............................................................................. 737 391 569 668 1,015

2013.............................................................................. 740 400 573 657 1,043

Men

1979.............................................................................. $940 $754 $922 $985 $1,186

1980.............................................................................. 911 718 879 962 1,148

1981.............................................................................. 914 703 875 956 1,167

1982.............................................................................. 912 680 868 954 1,167

1983.............................................................................. 904 669 862 938 1,151

1984.............................................................................. 902 658 853 953 1,201

1985.............................................................................. 915 649 841 975 1,219

1986.............................................................................. 939 651 844 984 1,254

1987.............................................................................. 935 635 829 975 1,280

1988.............................................................................. 921 628 826 951 1,284

1989.............................................................................. 907 628 817 938 1,279

1990.............................................................................. 884 603 793 936 1,280

1991.............................................................................. 872 582 783 938 1,273

1992.............................................................................. 872 571 779 902 1,286

1993.............................................................................. 881 565 773 908 1,279

1994.............................................................................. 896 532 771 913 1,285

1995.............................................................................. 892 527 769 904 1,282

1996.............................................................................. 886 528 763 893 1,293

1997.............................................................................. 890 528 774 899 1,297

1998.............................................................................. 912 546 797 917 1,340

1999.............................................................................. 934 552 811 930 1,366

2000.............................................................................. 938 549 800 935 1,380

2001.............................................................................. 947 551 801 951 1,404

2002.............................................................................. 948 545 799 947 1,412

2003.............................................................................. 942 543 795 937 1,432

2004.............................................................................. 940 550 795 938 1,409

2005.............................................................................. 920 543 778 914 1,393

2006.............................................................................. 920 542 783 919 1,391

2007.............................................................................. 925 540 774 910 1,397

2008.............................................................................. 927 538 767 898 1,391

2009.............................................................................. 948 543 777 907 1,441

2010.............................................................................. 934 519 759 903 1,421

2011.............................................................................. 917 505 745 870 1,379

2012.............................................................................. 923 515 745 869 1,390

2013.............................................................................. 912 500 732 858 1,395

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price

Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical
48 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

notes section.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 49

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates,

1979-2013 annual averages

[In constant 2013 dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

Total

1979.............................................. $13.29 $10.45 $9.28 $12.04 $15.30 $15.57 $15.84 $15.45 $14.88 $9.67

1980.............................................. 12.96 9.97 8.66 11.53 14.92 15.22 15.48 15.19 14.49 9.57

1981.............................................. 12.65 9.75 8.80 11.33 14.72 14.96 15.23 14.77 14.28 9.63

1982.............................................. 12.53 9.40 8.35 10.81 14.57 14.73 15.34 14.90 14.18 9.56

1983.............................................. 12.42 9.07 8.02 10.42 14.56 14.44 15.36 14.96 14.24 9.78

1984.............................................. 12.46 8.93 7.80 10.30 14.62 14.47 15.32 15.13 14.15 9.89

1985.............................................. 12.46 8.80 7.58 10.21 14.57 14.30 15.48 15.23 14.28 9.79

1986.............................................. 12.58 8.95 7.53 10.26 14.67 14.22 15.80 15.68 14.54 10.08

1987.............................................. 12.69 9.00 7.47 10.22 14.63 14.10 15.57 15.41 14.55 9.96

1988.............................................. 12.72 9.05 7.62 10.17 14.63 14.05 15.44 15.43 14.14 9.89

1989.............................................. 12.69 8.98 7.66 10.25 14.41 13.87 15.54 15.28 14.19 9.84

1990.............................................. 12.49 8.91 7.75 10.21 14.09 13.64 15.23 15.18 13.85 9.93

1991.............................................. 12.50 8.77 7.82 10.00 14.13 13.40 15.28 15.18 13.65 9.90

1992.............................................. 12.55 8.73 7.69 9.80 14.20 13.28 15.25 15.48 13.79 9.98

1993.............................................. 12.49 8.75 7.62 9.76 14.21 13.13 15.25 15.65 14.13 10.14

1994.............................................. 12.46 8.74 7.64 9.67 14.18 13.03 15.43 15.58 14.03 9.94

1995.............................................. 12.40 8.80 7.65 9.74 14.20 13.22 15.20 15.37 13.96 10.09

1996.............................................. 12.43 8.79 7.65 9.90 14.23 13.05 15.00 15.15 13.89 10.01

1997.............................................. 12.66 8.90 7.97 10.00 14.28 13.08 14.99 15.34 14.08 9.97

1998.............................................. 12.98 9.39 8.39 10.33 14.45 13.77 15.49 15.63 14.38 10.56

1999.............................................. 13.33 9.61 8.50 10.83 14.64 13.96 15.41 15.85 14.52 10.77

2000.............................................. 13.41 9.80 8.67 10.92 14.72 13.78 15.36 15.99 14.64 10.89

2001.............................................. 13.41 10.12 8.89 11.03 15.00 14.04 15.75 16.01 14.96 11.22

2002.............................................. 13.56 10.12 8.95 10.97 15.32 14.22 15.78 16.14 15.35 11.75

2003.............................................. 13.73 10.00 8.77 10.96 15.25 14.24 15.77 16.42 15.43 11.63

2004.............................................. 13.56 9.84 8.63 10.83 15.08 14.02 15.89 16.31 15.51 11.86

2005.............................................. 13.35 9.63 8.41 10.63 14.89 14.03 15.64 16.09 15.45 11.85

2006.............................................. 13.58 9.52 8.35 10.58 14.94 13.80 15.58 16.20 15.39 11.72

2007.............................................. 13.43 9.72 8.51 10.85 14.79 13.54 15.65 16.17 15.40 11.65

2008.............................................. 13.24 9.60 8.48 10.56 14.95 13.53 15.56 16.09 15.37 11.79

2009.............................................. 13.51 9.66 8.60 10.61 15.10 13.68 15.84 16.12 15.96 12.48

2010.............................................. 13.35 9.51 8.55 10.18 14.94 13.39 15.61 16.00 15.91 12.34

2011.............................................. 13.16 9.29 8.34 9.95 14.62 13.16 15.35 15.53 15.60 12.62

2012.............................................. 12.98 9.18 8.22 9.84 14.45 13.00 15.07 15.28 15.61 12.38

2013.............................................. 12.93 9.16 8.19 9.83 14.50 12.88 14.98 15.17 15.62 12.47

Women

1979.............................................. $10.84 $9.55 $9.07 $10.54 $11.68 $12.10 $11.89 $11.50 $11.23 $9.34

1980.............................................. 10.62 9.27 8.44 10.19 11.40 11.94 11.53 11.37 10.97 9.09

1981.............................................. 10.52 9.12 8.65 10.05 11.52 12.01 11.72 11.28 10.88 9.12

1982.............................................. 10.70 8.77 8.24 9.72 11.65 12.04 11.79 11.48 11.14 9.12

1983.............................................. 10.67 8.49 7.89 9.47 11.62 12.09 11.80 11.53 11.27 9.24

1984.............................................. 10.62 8.40 7.67 9.32 11.71 11.97 11.99 11.77 11.26 9.34

1985.............................................. 10.60 8.29 7.46 9.42 11.84 11.96 12.21 11.90 11.28 9.15

1986.............................................. 10.81 8.34 7.40 9.55 12.07 12.07 12.43 12.15 11.66 9.59

1987.............................................. 10.98 8.27 7.27 9.59 12.08 12.04 12.45 12.31 11.82 9.51

1988.............................................. 11.04 8.47 7.39 9.55 12.17 12.02 12.78 12.46 11.49 9.68

1989.............................................. 11.09 8.51 7.44 9.49 12.30 12.12 12.89 12.52 11.58 9.33

1990.............................................. 11.12 8.55 7.51 9.62 12.21 12.11 12.73 12.37 11.62 9.41

1991.............................................. 11.25 8.47 7.73 9.52 12.23 11.98 12.88 12.68 11.58 9.60

1992.............................................. 11.32 8.39 7.63 9.38 12.44 12.11 12.99 12.91 11.71 9.71

1993.............................................. 11.30 8.37 7.51 9.46 12.49 12.08 12.95 12.98 12.00 9.81

1994.............................................. 11.28 8.27 7.51 9.30 12.52 12.10 13.13 13.16 12.16 9.70

1995.............................................. 11.32 8.33 7.50 9.24 12.40 12.02 13.10 13.23 12.03 9.79
50 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates,

1979-2013 annual averages — Continued

[In constant 2013 dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

1996.............................................. 11.43 8.40 7.53 9.26 12.47 11.92 13.15 13.22 11.94 9.54

1997.............................................. 11.49 8.61 7.84 9.48 12.66 11.87 13.23 13.40 12.03 9.88

1998.............................................. 11.74 8.90 8.25 9.89 13.02 12.55 13.78 13.95 12.62 10.29

1999.............................................. 12.08 9.23 8.36 10.10 13.33 12.73 13.75 13.92 13.05 10.49

2000.............................................. 12.26 9.47 8.43 10.55 13.38 13.11 13.57 13.78 13.32 10.65

2001.............................................. 12.68 9.54 8.70 10.53 13.42 13.08 13.74 14.28 13.67 10.71

2002.............................................. 12.81 9.65 8.81 10.51 13.87 13.11 14.22 14.48 14.00 11.31

2003.............................................. 12.76 9.61 8.67 10.37 13.94 13.30 14.14 14.92 13.99 11.19

2004.............................................. 12.54 9.51 8.46 10.26 13.85 13.09 14.12 14.73 14.27 11.29

2005.............................................. 12.30 9.31 8.26 10.14 13.82 12.96 14.13 14.47 14.15 11.72

2006.............................................. 12.30 9.23 8.21 10.18 13.71 12.78 13.91 14.16 14.00 11.51

2007.............................................. 12.34 9.16 8.33 10.11 13.54 12.60 13.89 14.44 13.74 11.40

2008.............................................. 12.44 9.12 8.34 9.91 13.51 12.68 13.95 14.24 14.07 11.40

2009.............................................. 12.77 9.32 8.49 9.98 13.85 12.99 14.12 14.21 14.76 12.06

2010.............................................. 12.64 9.21 8.45 9.70 13.76 12.86 14.02 14.42 14.62 11.94

2011.............................................. 12.40 9.04 8.24 9.48 13.56 12.55 13.91 14.24 14.52 12.17

2012.............................................. 12.16 8.90 8.13 9.30 13.36 12.32 13.65 14.00 14.56 12.01

2013.............................................. 12.12 8.93 8.09 9.40 13.36 12.23 13.77 13.94 14.53 12.22

Men

1979.............................................. $16.92 $11.68 $9.55 $13.89 $20.03 $19.10 $21.32 $21.26 $19.73 $10.66

1980.............................................. 16.40 11.02 9.06 13.23 19.41 18.63 20.99 20.91 19.46 10.19

1981.............................................. 16.14 10.59 8.94 12.56 19.12 18.01 20.39 20.86 19.36 10.34

1982.............................................. 15.89 10.16 8.49 11.88 18.75 17.80 20.63 20.60 18.89 10.35

1983.............................................. 15.38 9.73 8.16 11.22 18.47 17.20 20.49 20.36 19.42 10.56

1984.............................................. 15.21 9.76 7.95 11.03 18.38 16.84 20.32 20.71 18.93 10.49

1985.............................................. 15.14 9.67 7.75 10.81 18.29 16.53 20.25 20.60 18.68 10.31

1986.............................................. 15.40 9.72 7.75 11.01 18.30 16.29 20.26 20.59 19.35 10.51

1987.............................................. 15.24 9.63 7.75 11.14 17.96 16.20 19.80 20.08 19.06 10.43

1988.............................................. 14.95 9.51 7.83 10.95 17.73 15.90 19.32 20.21 18.41 10.43

1989.............................................. 14.70 9.38 7.97 10.93 17.62 15.54 19.22 19.75 18.15 10.71

1990.............................................. 14.28 9.40 8.01 10.67 16.99 15.25 18.53 19.22 17.56 10.50

1991.............................................. 14.32 9.30 7.90 10.38 16.63 14.90 18.30 19.52 16.80 10.37

1992.............................................. 14.10 9.19 7.80 10.15 16.36 14.67 17.77 19.54 16.89 10.49

1993.............................................. 14.06 9.13 7.73 10.05 16.16 14.44 17.71 19.29 17.40 10.65

1994.............................................. 14.00 9.14 7.74 10.20 16.00 14.15 17.88 18.82 17.20 10.33

1995.............................................. 14.01 9.17 7.80 10.35 16.28 14.36 18.04 18.69 16.86 10.39

1996.............................................. 14.08 9.13 7.77 10.34 15.95 14.35 17.62 18.34 16.49 10.41

1997.............................................. 14.23 9.33 8.12 10.39 16.06 14.36 17.47 18.52 17.06 10.07

1998.............................................. 14.35 9.86 8.53 11.10 16.72 14.58 17.80 18.60 17.43 11.04

1999.............................................. 14.42 9.96 8.64 11.23 16.78 15.16 17.87 19.13 17.08 10.99

2000.............................................. 14.63 10.32 8.99 11.35 16.56 14.84 17.78 18.81 17.33 11.24

2001.............................................. 14.89 10.54 9.08 11.74 16.95 15.24 18.32 18.75 17.04 11.84

2002.............................................. 15.08 10.43 9.09 11.50 16.90 15.40 18.08 18.65 17.33 12.67

2003.............................................. 15.05 10.30 8.89 11.39 16.77 15.20 17.89 18.90 17.84 12.39

2004.............................................. 14.82 10.12 8.82 11.18 16.94 14.83 18.00 18.63 17.93 12.21

2005.............................................. 14.51 10.05 8.60 10.98 16.60 14.52 17.76 18.05 17.65 11.98

2006.............................................. 14.64 10.15 8.58 11.26 16.48 14.58 17.39 18.52 17.37 12.38

2007.............................................. 14.55 10.26 8.73 11.19 16.57 14.42 17.04 18.15 17.36 12.37

2008.............................................. 14.57 10.00 8.64 10.82 16.27 14.58 17.34 18.20 17.21 12.45

2009.............................................. 14.94 10.01 8.74 10.85 16.36 14.33 17.48 18.45 17.47 13.03

2010.............................................. 14.70 9.84 8.64 10.58 16.07 14.00 16.91 18.04 17.57 12.74

2011.............................................. 14.29 9.55 8.45 10.25 15.64 13.64 16.59 17.47 17.67 13.30

2012.............................................. 14.08 9.57 8.31 10.11 15.39 13.47 16.28 17.23 17.53 13.22

2013.............................................. 14.00 9.67 8.37 10.00 15.27 13.42 16.21 17.17 17.28 12.88

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 51

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price

Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical

notes section.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
52 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and

salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2013 annual averages

[In constant 2013 dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic or

Latino

ethnicity

Total

1979.............................................................................. $13.29 $13.50 $12.31 – $12.22

1980.............................................................................. 12.96 13.12 11.94 – 11.94

1981.............................................................................. 12.65 12.73 12.04 – 11.82

1982.............................................................................. 12.53 12.69 11.74 – 11.62

1983.............................................................................. 12.42 12.58 11.44 – 11.31

1984.............................................................................. 12.46 12.61 11.45 – 11.26

1985.............................................................................. 12.46 12.60 11.36 – 11.30

1986.............................................................................. 12.58 12.74 11.76 – 11.46

1987.............................................................................. 12.69 12.86 11.75 – 11.41

1988.............................................................................. 12.72 12.87 11.63 – 11.25

1989.............................................................................. 12.69 12.85 11.67 – 11.02

1990.............................................................................. 12.49 12.66 11.76 – 10.85

1991.............................................................................. 12.50 12.68 11.67 – 10.77

1992.............................................................................. 12.55 12.72 11.48 – 10.81

1993.............................................................................. 12.49 12.65 11.40 – 10.84

1994.............................................................................. 12.46 12.61 11.34 – 10.78

1995.............................................................................. 12.40 12.63 11.62 – 10.62

1996.............................................................................. 12.43 12.68 11.48 – 10.61

1997.............................................................................. 12.66 12.85 11.59 – 10.69

1998.............................................................................. 12.98 13.15 11.97 – 11.30

1999.............................................................................. 13.33 13.62 12.38 – 11.29

2000.............................................................................. 13.41 13.48 12.64 $13.63 11.56

2001.............................................................................. 13.41 13.50 12.87 14.14 11.92

2002.............................................................................. 13.56 13.87 12.86 13.42 11.94

2003.............................................................................. 13.73 13.89 12.85 14.08 12.35

2004.............................................................................. 13.56 13.72 12.56 13.69 12.10

2005.............................................................................. 13.35 13.70 12.14 14.33 11.87

2006.............................................................................. 13.58 13.70 12.31 14.47 11.69

2007.............................................................................. 13.43 13.57 12.24 13.73 11.51

2008.............................................................................. 13.24 13.57 12.12 14.08 11.87

2009.............................................................................. 13.51 13.75 12.64 14.29 11.99

2010.............................................................................. 13.35 13.61 12.57 14.12 11.62

2011.............................................................................. 13.16 13.36 12.20 13.82 11.44

2012.............................................................................. 12.98 13.23 12.01 13.42 11.28

2013.............................................................................. 12.93 13.15 11.90 13.62 11.25

Women

1979.............................................................................. $10.84 $10.84 $10.63 – $10.30

1980.............................................................................. 10.62 10.65 10.43 – 10.16

1981.............................................................................. 10.52 10.52 10.29 – 10.07

1982.............................................................................. 10.70 10.70 10.42 – 10.05

1983.............................................................................. 10.67 10.69 10.49 – 9.82

1984.............................................................................. 10.62 10.64 10.41 – 9.94

1985.............................................................................. 10.60 10.62 10.41 – 9.96

1986.............................................................................. 10.81 10.85 10.49 – 10.14

1987.............................................................................. 10.98 11.02 10.59 – 10.02

1988.............................................................................. 11.04 11.08 10.60 – 9.98

1989.............................................................................. 11.09 11.13 10.67 – 10.04

1990.............................................................................. 11.12 11.16 10.76 – 10.02

1991.............................................................................. 11.25 11.27 10.92 – 9.97

1992.............................................................................. 11.32 11.37 10.80 – 10.03

1993.............................................................................. 11.30 11.37 10.90 – 10.02

1994.............................................................................. 11.28 11.42 10.78 – 9.95

1995.............................................................................. 11.32 11.44 10.80 – 10.02
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 53

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and

salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979-2013 annual averages — Continued

[In constant 2013 dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic or

Latino

ethnicity

1996.............................................................................. 11.43 11.52 10.65 – 10.01

1997.............................................................................. 11.49 11.58 10.98 – 9.87

1998.............................................................................. 11.74 11.88 11.27 – 10.30

1999.............................................................................. 12.08 12.21 11.37 – 10.43

2000.............................................................................. 12.26 12.30 11.99 $13.22 10.68

2001.............................................................................. 12.68 12.80 12.04 13.25 10.89

2002.............................................................................. 12.81 12.88 12.24 13.08 11.06

2003.............................................................................. 12.76 12.80 12.54 13.52 11.24

2004.............................................................................. 12.54 12.59 12.24 13.03 11.15

2005.............................................................................. 12.30 12.53 11.85 13.89 10.95

2006.............................................................................. 12.30 12.44 11.67 13.80 10.97

2007.............................................................................. 12.34 12.43 11.74 13.29 11.01

2008.............................................................................. 12.44 12.66 11.67 13.26 10.90

2009.............................................................................. 12.77 12.84 11.95 13.76 10.96

2010.............................................................................. 12.64 12.69 11.97 13.26 10.80

2011.............................................................................. 12.40 12.47 11.68 13.25 10.61

2012.............................................................................. 12.16 12.25 11.39 12.93 10.35

2013.............................................................................. 12.12 12.21 11.54 13.04 10.49

Men

1979.............................................................................. $16.92 $17.34 $14.64 – $14.34

1980.............................................................................. 16.40 16.75 13.92 – 13.52

1981.............................................................................. 16.14 16.49 14.28 – 13.19

1982.............................................................................. 15.89 16.19 13.85 – 13.29

1983.............................................................................. 15.38 15.71 13.24 – 12.91

1984.............................................................................. 15.21 15.51 13.16 – 12.91

1985.............................................................................. 15.14 15.66 12.71 – 12.54

1986.............................................................................. 15.40 15.78 13.33 – 12.56

1987.............................................................................. 15.24 15.55 13.22 – 12.49

1988.............................................................................. 14.95 15.24 13.12 – 12.31

1989.............................................................................. 14.70 15.03 12.83 – 12.09

1990.............................................................................. 14.28 14.77 12.73 – 11.64

1991.............................................................................. 14.32 14.70 12.62 – 11.47

1992.............................................................................. 14.10 14.46 12.39 – 11.37

1993.............................................................................. 14.06 14.40 12.17 – 11.30

1994.............................................................................. 14.00 14.32 12.32 – 11.15

1995.............................................................................. 14.01 14.60 12.38 – 11.02

1996.............................................................................. 14.08 14.48 12.10 – 11.27

1997.............................................................................. 14.23 14.41 12.55 – 11.43

1998.............................................................................. 14.35 14.52 12.97 – 11.75

1999.............................................................................. 14.42 14.84 13.66 – 12.04

2000.............................................................................. 14.63 14.82 13.50 $14.60 12.23

2001.............................................................................. 14.89 15.28 13.39 15.58 12.72

2002.............................................................................. 15.08 15.36 13.26 14.27 12.85

2003.............................................................................. 15.05 15.23 13.68 15.05 12.70

2004.............................................................................. 14.82 14.99 13.42 14.67 12.36

2005.............................................................................. 14.51 14.88 13.01 15.21 12.16

2006.............................................................................. 14.64 14.87 13.19 15.22 12.52

2007.............................................................................. 14.55 14.85 13.00 14.85 12.44

2008.............................................................................. 14.57 14.99 12.98 15.18 12.80

2009.............................................................................. 14.94 15.15 13.32 15.21 12.94

2010.............................................................................. 14.70 14.93 12.99 15.07 12.53

2011.............................................................................. 14.29 14.51 12.48 14.75 12.23

2012.............................................................................. 14.08 14.37 12.37 14.35 12.13

2013.............................................................................. 14.00 14.24 12.16 14.24 11.99

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current
54 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for

the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more

than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main

race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not

tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer

Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the

technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 55

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 1979-2013 annual

averages

[In current dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

Total

1979.............................................. $241 $172 $144 $186 $265 $255 $280 $276 $262 $198

1980.............................................. 262 187 154 200 286 276 302 298 285 203

1981.............................................. 284 200 161 213 308 296 326 320 309 222

1982.............................................. 302 208 164 220 327 311 354 345 325 253

1983.............................................. 313 211 164 223 343 321 370 367 346 261

1984.............................................. 326 217 169 231 362 335 389 385 366 272

1985.............................................. 344 224 174 240 379 349 406 400 381 297

1986.............................................. 359 232 178 248 391 360 419 416 397 298

1987.............................................. 374 243 186 259 403 373 435 429 405 310

1988.............................................. 385 249 196 266 414 383 450 453 419 323

1989.............................................. 399 259 204 276 427 394 472 472 431 334

1990.............................................. 412 269 209 285 449 407 486 489 457 343

1991.............................................. 426 277 213 291 467 415 498 507 469 381

1992.............................................. 440 276 212 290 479 422 503 522 483 378

1993.............................................. 459 282 214 297 491 436 517 542 492 393

1994.............................................. 467 286 221 300 500 439 537 566 501 384

1995.............................................. 479 292 231 306 510 451 550 582 514 389

1996.............................................. 490 298 240 312 520 463 559 594 535 384

1997.............................................. 503 306 252 321 540 481 579 607 558 393

1998.............................................. 523 319 268 339 572 502 597 620 592 405

1999.............................................. 549 341 281 363 592 518 611 652 604 404

2000.............................................. 576 361 297 383 609 549 625 669 620 463

2001.............................................. 596 375 305 394 630 576 657 693 638 488

2002.............................................. 608 381 305 399 646 591 668 706 674 502

2003.............................................. 620 387 311 402 662 594 687 723 708 516

2004.............................................. 638 390 309 406 683 604 713 743 725 560

2005.............................................. 651 397 318 411 696 610 731 748 742 569

2006.............................................. 671 409 324 423 718 621 748 773 765 583

2007.............................................. 695 424 337 450 738 643 769 790 803 605

2008.............................................. 722 443 349 467 761 666 804 822 825 644

2009.............................................. 739 442 344 464 774 678 817 838 841 684

2010.............................................. 747 432 347 454 782 682 824 844 860 684

2011.............................................. 756 440 352 457 797 693 837 866 881 742

2012.............................................. 768 444 356 464 815 707 858 878 897 757

2013.............................................. 776 454 373 472 827 708 874 883 904 801

Women

1979.............................................. $182 $154 $132 $161 $195 $199 $196 $192 $189 $170

1980.............................................. 201 167 145 175 213 218 214 209 205 175

1981.............................................. 219 180 154 191 233 239 238 225 222 189

1982.............................................. 239 192 158 201 255 258 258 252 245 211

1983.............................................. 252 198 158 207 268 272 272 264 257 212

1984.............................................. 265 203 162 213 283 285 292 279 270 219

1985.............................................. 277 211 166 221 296 296 307 292 285 242

1986.............................................. 291 219 170 231 308 306 319 308 296 256

1987.............................................. 303 227 172 242 321 316 337 324 308 261

1988.............................................. 315 235 184 251 335 327 354 339 317 280

1989.............................................. 328 246 197 260 351 340 370 357 333 292

1990.............................................. 346 254 198 269 369 356 390 377 348 300

1991.............................................. 366 266 205 280 387 371 407 398 363 319

1992.............................................. 380 267 205 280 400 382 418 417 376 328

1993.............................................. 393 273 205 289 415 395 435 440 395 335

1994.............................................. 399 276 211 290 421 397 448 450 398 336

1995.............................................. 406 275 215 291 428 403 453 464 403 353
56 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 1979-2013 annual

averages — Continued

[In current dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

1996.............................................. 418 284 223 298 444 415 463 481 420 334

1997.............................................. 431 292 240 306 462 427 482 495 433 348

1998.............................................. 456 305 249 319 485 451 498 516 476 350

1999.............................................. 473 324 266 343 497 470 503 534 492 370

2000.............................................. 493 344 283 366 516 493 521 564 508 392

2001.............................................. 512 353 288 375 543 512 547 587 536 390

2002.............................................. 529 367 295 385 568 530 571 602 574 430

2003.............................................. 552 371 299 387 584 546 590 609 601 435

2004.............................................. 573 375 293 391 599 561 608 625 615 478

2005.............................................. 585 381 304 396 612 573 621 644 639 492

2006.............................................. 600 395 305 413 627 583 645 659 658 510

2007.............................................. 614 409 318 426 646 597 668 677 679 534

2008.............................................. 638 420 322 445 670 623 682 707 711 563

2009.............................................. 657 424 323 445 687 634 709 712 727 602

2010.............................................. 669 422 336 439 704 648 731 730 736 601

2011.............................................. 684 421 328 438 718 662 734 744 749 664

2012.............................................. 691 416 330 429 727 666 747 746 766 667

2013.............................................. 706 423 350 442 740 665 767 761 779 691

Men

1979.............................................. $292 $196 $155 $211 $314 $295 $336 $338 $312 $219

1980.............................................. 313 208 162 224 339 314 367 367 345 229

1981.............................................. 340 218 168 237 372 340 397 396 377 266

1982.............................................. 364 225 170 244 393 358 422 419 399 300

1983.............................................. 379 223 168 242 407 371 442 444 416 308

1984.............................................. 392 231 174 250 422 382 471 470 439 328

1985.............................................. 407 241 183 258 443 394 487 489 467 367

1986.............................................. 419 246 186 264 463 402 499 506 484 358

1987.............................................. 434 257 196 275 477 412 510 520 495 380

1988.............................................. 449 262 205 279 487 421 517 549 509 395

1989.............................................. 468 271 209 290 500 434 542 569 521 393

1990.............................................. 481 282 218 298 512 449 560 591 546 403

1991.............................................. 493 285 219 300 523 458 576 612 563 467

1992.............................................. 501 284 218 297 536 466 581 634 579 421

1993.............................................. 510 288 221 303 555 476 596 653 586 451

1994.............................................. 522 294 228 307 576 479 617 671 603 441

1995.............................................. 538 303 244 315 588 490 624 685 623 441

1996.............................................. 557 307 251 321 599 499 632 698 643 477

1997.............................................. 579 317 262 338 615 515 651 713 669 452

1998.............................................. 598 334 281 357 639 544 677 732 699 482

1999.............................................. 618 356 291 379 668 577 702 763 725 470

2000.............................................. 641 375 306 395 693 598 728 771 735 522

2001.............................................. 670 391 319 408 720 617 754 799 760 565

2002.............................................. 679 391 312 410 732 627 759 807 802 583

2003.............................................. 695 398 321 412 744 628 775 834 827 612

2004.............................................. 713 400 318 417 762 639 804 857 843 641

2005.............................................. 722 409 330 422 771 644 822 853 855 644

2006.............................................. 743 418 348 435 797 661 836 897 902 658

2007.............................................. 766 443 357 472 823 687 873 909 933 686

2008.............................................. 798 461 369 481 857 704 915 944 943 753

2009.............................................. 819 458 356 479 873 715 916 967 965 791

2010.............................................. 824 443 355 468 874 714 915 954 979 794

2011.............................................. 832 455 370 470 886 717 935 979 997 821

2012.............................................. 854 468 373 482 910 738 957 994 1,005 860

2013.............................................. 860 479 390 492 912 744 956 994 1,011 937

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 57

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
58 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino

ethnicity, 1979-2013 annual averages

[In current dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

ethnicity

Total

1979.............................................................................. $241 $248 $199 – $194

1980.............................................................................. 262 269 212 – 209

1981.............................................................................. 284 291 235 – 223

1982.............................................................................. 302 310 245 – 240

1983.............................................................................. 313 320 261 – 250

1984.............................................................................. 326 336 269 – 259

1985.............................................................................. 344 356 277 – 270

1986.............................................................................. 359 371 291 – 277

1987.............................................................................. 374 384 301 – 285

1988.............................................................................. 385 395 314 – 290

1989.............................................................................. 399 409 319 – 298

1990.............................................................................. 412 424 329 – 304

1991.............................................................................. 426 442 348 – 312

1992.............................................................................. 440 458 357 – 321

1993.............................................................................. 459 475 369 – 331

1994.............................................................................. 467 484 371 – 324

1995.............................................................................. 479 494 383 – 329

1996.............................................................................. 490 506 387 – 339

1997.............................................................................. 503 519 400 – 351

1998.............................................................................. 523 545 426 – 370

1999.............................................................................. 549 573 445 – 385

2000.............................................................................. 576 590 474 $615 399

2001.............................................................................. 596 610 491 639 417

2002.............................................................................. 608 623 498 658 424

2003.............................................................................. 620 636 514 693 440

2004.............................................................................. 638 657 525 708 456

2005.............................................................................. 651 672 520 753 471

2006.............................................................................. 671 690 554 784 486

2007.............................................................................. 695 716 569 830 503

2008.............................................................................. 722 742 589 861 529

2009.............................................................................. 739 757 601 880 541

2010.............................................................................. 747 765 611 855 535

2011.............................................................................. 756 775 615 866 549

2012.............................................................................. 768 792 621 920 568

2013.............................................................................. 776 802 629 942 578

Women

1979.............................................................................. $182 $184 $169 – $157

1980.............................................................................. 201 203 185 – 172

1981.............................................................................. 219 221 206 – 190

1982.............................................................................. 239 242 217 – 203

1983.............................................................................. 252 254 232 – 215

1984.............................................................................. 265 268 241 – 223

1985.............................................................................. 277 281 252 – 230

1986.............................................................................. 291 294 264 – 241

1987.............................................................................. 303 307 276 – 251

1988.............................................................................. 315 318 288 – 260

1989.............................................................................. 328 334 301 – 269

1990.............................................................................. 346 353 308 – 278

1991.............................................................................. 366 373 323 – 292

1992.............................................................................. 380 387 335 – 302

1993.............................................................................. 393 401 348 – 313

1994.............................................................................. 399 408 346 – 305

1995.............................................................................. 406 415 355 – 305
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 59

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino

ethnicity, 1979-2013 annual averages — Continued

[In current dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

ethnicity

1996.............................................................................. 418 428 362 – 316

1997.............................................................................. 431 444 375 – 318

1998.............................................................................. 456 468 400 – 337

1999.............................................................................. 473 483 409 – 348

2000.............................................................................. 493 502 429 $547 366

2001.............................................................................. 512 522 454 563 388

2002.............................................................................. 529 547 473 566 397

2003.............................................................................. 552 567 491 598 410

2004.............................................................................. 573 584 505 613 419

2005.............................................................................. 585 596 499 665 429

2006.............................................................................. 600 609 519 699 440

2007.............................................................................. 614 626 533 731 473

2008.............................................................................. 638 654 554 753 501

2009.............................................................................. 657 669 582 779 509

2010.............................................................................. 669 684 592 773 508

2011.............................................................................. 684 703 595 751 518

2012.............................................................................. 691 710 599 770 521

2013.............................................................................. 706 722 606 819 541

Men

1979.............................................................................. $292 $298 $227 – $219

1980.............................................................................. 313 320 244 – 234

1981.............................................................................. 340 350 268 – 251

1982.............................................................................. 364 375 278 – 269

1983.............................................................................. 379 387 294 – 274

1984.............................................................................. 392 401 303 – 287

1985.............................................................................. 407 418 305 – 296

1986.............................................................................. 419 433 319 – 299

1987.............................................................................. 434 450 327 – 306

1988.............................................................................. 449 465 348 – 308

1989.............................................................................. 468 482 348 – 315

1990.............................................................................. 481 494 361 – 318

1991.............................................................................. 493 506 375 – 323

1992.............................................................................. 501 514 380 – 339

1993.............................................................................. 510 524 392 – 346

1994.............................................................................. 522 547 400 – 343

1995.............................................................................. 538 566 411 – 350

1996.............................................................................. 557 580 412 – 356

1997.............................................................................. 579 595 432 – 371

1998.............................................................................. 598 615 468 – 390

1999.............................................................................. 618 638 488 – 406

2000.............................................................................. 641 662 510 $685 417

2001.............................................................................. 670 689 529 732 440

2002.............................................................................. 679 702 524 756 451

2003.............................................................................. 695 715 555 772 464

2004.............................................................................. 713 732 569 802 480

2005.............................................................................. 722 743 559 825 489

2006.............................................................................. 743 761 591 882 505

2007.............................................................................. 766 788 600 936 520

2008.............................................................................. 798 825 620 966 559

2009.............................................................................. 819 845 621 952 569

2010.............................................................................. 824 850 633 936 560

2011.............................................................................. 832 856 653 970 571

2012.............................................................................. 854 879 665 1,055 592

2013.............................................................................. 860 884 664 1,059 594

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current
60 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for

the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more

than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main

race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not

tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates

data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 61

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by

educational attainment, 1979-2013 annual averages

[In current dollars]

Year

Total, 25

years and

older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some college

or associate

degree

Bachelor’s

degree and

higher

Total

1979.............................................................................. $265 $210 $249 $282 $344

1980.............................................................................. 286 222 266 304 376

1981.............................................................................. 308 240 286 324 407

1982.............................................................................. 327 248 302 351 438

1983.............................................................................. 343 256 311 363 461

1984.............................................................................. 362 263 323 382 486

1985.............................................................................. 379 270 333 399 506

1986.............................................................................. 391 278 344 409 525

1987.............................................................................. 403 284 356 421 564

1988.............................................................................. 414 288 368 430 585

1989.............................................................................. 427 297 375 452 609

1990.............................................................................. 449 303 386 476 638

1991.............................................................................. 467 307 397 489 666

1992.............................................................................. 479 311 403 484 696

1993.............................................................................. 491 314 415 494 715

1994.............................................................................. 500 307 421 499 733

1995.............................................................................. 510 309 432 508 747

1996.............................................................................. 520 317 443 518 758

1997.............................................................................. 540 321 461 535 779

1998.............................................................................. 572 337 479 558 821

1999.............................................................................. 592 346 490 580 860

2000.............................................................................. 609 362 505 596 891

2001.............................................................................. 630 382 520 617 921

2002.............................................................................. 646 388 535 629 941

2003.............................................................................. 662 396 554 639 964

2004.............................................................................. 683 401 574 661 986

2005.............................................................................. 696 409 583 670 1,013

2006.............................................................................. 718 419 595 692 1,039

2007.............................................................................. 738 428 604 704 1,072

2008.............................................................................. 761 453 618 722 1,115

2009.............................................................................. 774 454 626 726 1,137

2010.............................................................................. 782 444 626 734 1,144

2011.............................................................................. 797 451 638 739 1,150

2012.............................................................................. 815 471 652 749 1,165

2013.............................................................................. 827 472 651 748 1,194

Women

1979.............................................................................. $195 $152 $185 $211 $264

1980.............................................................................. 213 164 201 231 290

1981.............................................................................. 233 175 217 255 318

1982.............................................................................. 255 184 236 274 346

1983.............................................................................. 268 195 246 288 369

1984.............................................................................. 283 200 259 305 390

1985.............................................................................. 296 202 268 317 414

1986.............................................................................. 308 208 277 330 436

1987.............................................................................. 321 214 288 347 466

1988.............................................................................. 335 221 298 360 485

1989.............................................................................. 351 231 304 379 507

1990.............................................................................. 369 240 315 395 535

1991.............................................................................. 387 250 328 409 562

1992.............................................................................. 400 256 337 407 594

1993.............................................................................. 415 263 347 422 611

1994.............................................................................. 421 257 351 423 634

1995.............................................................................. 428 262 356 427 644

1996.............................................................................. 444 268 365 442 657
62 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by

educational attainment, 1979-2013 annual averages — Continued

[In current dollars]

Year

Total, 25

years and

older

Less than a

high school

diploma

High school

graduates, no

college

Some college

or associate

degree

Bachelor’s

degree and

higher

1997.............................................................................. 462 275 378 459 672

1998.............................................................................. 485 283 396 476 707

1999.............................................................................. 497 290 405 488 740

2000.............................................................................. 516 304 420 505 756

2001.............................................................................. 543 316 443 520 786

2002.............................................................................. 568 325 458 543 809

2003.............................................................................. 584 329 474 560 832

2004.............................................................................. 599 334 488 577 860

2005.............................................................................. 612 341 493 587 883

2006.............................................................................. 627 358 500 602 905

2007.............................................................................. 646 369 512 609 932

2008.............................................................................. 670 378 520 628 955

2009.............................................................................. 687 382 542 630 970

2010.............................................................................. 704 388 543 638 986

2011.............................................................................. 718 395 554 645 998

2012.............................................................................. 727 386 561 659 1,001

2013.............................................................................. 740 400 573 657 1,043

Men

1979.............................................................................. $314 $252 $308 $329 $396

1980.............................................................................. 339 267 327 358 427

1981.............................................................................. 372 286 356 389 475

1982.............................................................................. 393 293 374 411 503

1983.............................................................................. 407 301 388 422 518

1984.............................................................................. 422 308 399 446 562

1985.............................................................................. 443 314 407 472 590

1986.............................................................................. 463 321 416 485 618

1987.............................................................................. 477 324 423 497 653

1988.............................................................................. 487 332 437 503 679

1989.............................................................................. 500 346 450 517 705

1990.............................................................................. 512 349 459 542 741

1991.............................................................................. 523 349 470 563 764

1992.............................................................................. 536 351 479 555 791

1993.............................................................................. 555 356 487 572 806

1994.............................................................................. 576 342 496 587 826

1995.............................................................................. 588 347 507 596 845

1996.............................................................................. 599 357 516 604 874

1997.............................................................................. 615 365 535 621 896

1998.............................................................................. 639 383 559 643 939

1999.............................................................................. 668 395 580 665 977

2000.............................................................................. 693 406 591 691 1,020

2001.............................................................................. 720 419 609 723 1,067

2002.............................................................................. 732 421 617 731 1,090

2003.............................................................................. 744 429 628 740 1,131

2004.............................................................................. 762 446 645 761 1,143

2005.............................................................................. 771 455 652 766 1,167

2006.............................................................................. 797 469 678 796 1,205

2007.............................................................................. 823 481 689 810 1,243

2008.............................................................................. 857 497 709 830 1,285

2009.............................................................................. 873 500 716 835 1,327

2010.............................................................................. 874 486 710 845 1,330

2011.............................................................................. 886 488 720 840 1,332

2012.............................................................................. 910 508 735 857 1,371

2013.............................................................................. 912 500 732 858 1,395

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 63

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by age, 1979-2013 annual

averages

[In current dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

Total

1979.............................................. $4.44 $3.49 $3.10 $4.02 $5.11 $5.20 $5.29 $5.16 $4.97 $3.23

1980.............................................. 4.82 3.71 3.22 4.29 5.55 5.66 5.76 5.65 5.39 3.56

1981.............................................. 5.15 3.97 3.58 4.61 5.99 6.09 6.20 6.01 5.81 3.92

1982.............................................. 5.40 4.05 3.60 4.66 6.28 6.35 6.61 6.42 6.11 4.12

1983.............................................. 5.59 4.08 3.61 4.69 6.55 6.50 6.91 6.73 6.41 4.40

1984.............................................. 5.83 4.18 3.65 4.82 6.84 6.77 7.17 7.08 6.62 4.63

1985.............................................. 6.03 4.26 3.67 4.94 7.05 6.92 7.49 7.37 6.91 4.74

1986.............................................. 6.20 4.41 3.71 5.06 7.23 7.01 7.79 7.73 7.17 4.97

1987.............................................. 6.47 4.59 3.81 5.21 7.46 7.19 7.94 7.86 7.42 5.08

1988.............................................. 6.73 4.79 4.03 5.38 7.74 7.43 8.17 8.16 7.48 5.23

1989.............................................. 6.99 4.95 4.22 5.65 7.94 7.64 8.56 8.42 7.82 5.42

1990.............................................. 7.23 5.16 4.49 5.91 8.16 7.90 8.82 8.79 8.02 5.75

1991.............................................. 7.50 5.26 4.69 6.00 8.48 8.04 9.17 9.11 8.19 5.94

1992.............................................. 7.72 5.37 4.73 6.03 8.73 8.17 9.38 9.52 8.48 6.14

1993.............................................. 7.87 5.51 4.80 6.15 8.95 8.27 9.61 9.86 8.90 6.39

1994.............................................. 8.01 5.62 4.91 6.22 9.12 8.38 9.92 10.02 9.02 6.39

1995.............................................. 8.17 5.80 5.04 6.42 9.36 8.71 10.02 10.13 9.20 6.65

1996.............................................. 8.40 5.94 5.17 6.69 9.62 8.82 10.14 10.24 9.39 6.77

1997.............................................. 8.75 6.15 5.51 6.91 9.87 9.04 10.36 10.60 9.73 6.89

1998.............................................. 9.10 6.58 5.88 7.24 10.13 9.65 10.86 10.96 10.08 7.40

1999.............................................. 9.53 6.87 6.08 7.74 10.47 9.98 11.02 11.33 10.38 7.70

2000.............................................. 9.91 7.24 6.41 8.07 10.88 10.18 11.35 11.82 10.82 8.05

2001.............................................. 10.19 7.69 6.76 8.38 11.40 10.67 11.97 12.17 11.37 8.53

2002.............................................. 10.47 7.81 6.91 8.47 11.83 10.98 12.18 12.46 11.85 9.07

2003.............................................. 10.85 7.90 6.93 8.66 12.05 11.25 12.46 12.97 12.19 9.19

2004.............................................. 11.00 7.98 7.00 8.78 12.23 11.37 12.89 13.23 12.58 9.62

2005.............................................. 11.19 8.07 7.05 8.91 12.48 11.76 13.11 13.48 12.95 9.93

2006.............................................. 11.76 8.24 7.23 9.16 12.94 11.95 13.49 14.03 13.33 10.15

2007.............................................. 11.95 8.65 7.57 9.66 13.16 12.05 13.93 14.39 13.71 10.37

2008.............................................. 12.23 8.87 7.84 9.76 13.81 12.50 14.38 14.87 14.20 10.89

2009.............................................. 12.44 8.90 7.92 9.77 13.91 12.60 14.59 14.85 14.70 11.49

2010.............................................. 12.50 8.90 8.00 9.53 13.98 12.53 14.61 14.98 14.89 11.55

2011.............................................. 12.71 8.97 8.06 9.61 14.12 12.71 14.83 15.00 15.07 12.19

2012.............................................. 12.80 9.05 8.10 9.70 14.25 12.82 14.86 15.07 15.39 12.21

2013.............................................. 12.93 9.16 8.19 9.83 14.50 12.88 14.98 15.17 15.62 12.47

Women

1979.............................................. $3.62 $3.19 $3.03 $3.52 $3.90 $4.04 $3.97 $3.84 $3.75 $3.12

1980.............................................. 3.95 3.45 3.14 3.79 4.24 4.44 4.29 4.23 4.08 3.38

1981.............................................. 4.28 3.71 3.52 4.09 4.69 4.89 4.77 4.59 4.43 3.71

1982.............................................. 4.61 3.78 3.55 4.19 5.02 5.19 5.08 4.95 4.80 3.93

1983.............................................. 4.80 3.82 3.55 4.26 5.23 5.44 5.31 5.19 5.07 4.16

1984.............................................. 4.97 3.93 3.59 4.36 5.48 5.60 5.61 5.51 5.27 4.37

1985.............................................. 5.13 4.01 3.61 4.56 5.73 5.79 5.91 5.76 5.46 4.43

1986.............................................. 5.33 4.11 3.65 4.71 5.95 5.95 6.13 5.99 5.75 4.73

1987.............................................. 5.60 4.22 3.71 4.89 6.16 6.14 6.35 6.28 6.03 4.85

1988.............................................. 5.84 4.48 3.91 5.05 6.44 6.36 6.76 6.59 6.08 5.12

1989.............................................. 6.11 4.69 4.10 5.23 6.78 6.68 7.10 6.90 6.38 5.14

1990.............................................. 6.44 4.95 4.35 5.57 7.07 7.01 7.37 7.16 6.73 5.45

1991.............................................. 6.75 5.08 4.64 5.71 7.34 7.19 7.73 7.61 6.95 5.76

1992.............................................. 6.96 5.16 4.69 5.77 7.65 7.45 7.99 7.94 7.20 5.97

1993.............................................. 7.12 5.27 4.73 5.96 7.87 7.61 8.16 8.18 7.56 6.18

1994.............................................. 7.25 5.32 4.83 5.98 8.05 7.78 8.44 8.46 7.82 6.24

1995.............................................. 7.46 5.49 4.94 6.09 8.17 7.92 8.63 8.72 7.93 6.45
64 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by age, 1979-2013 annual

averages — Continued

[In current dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

16 to 24 years 25 years and older

Total 16 to 19

years

20 to 24

years

Total 25 to 34

years

35 to 44

years

45 to 54

years

55 to 64

years

65 years

and

older

1996.............................................. 7.73 5.68 5.09 6.26 8.43 8.06 8.89 8.94 8.07 6.45

1997.............................................. 7.94 5.95 5.42 6.55 8.75 8.20 9.14 9.26 8.31 6.83

1998.............................................. 8.23 6.24 5.78 6.93 9.13 8.80 9.66 9.78 8.85 7.21

1999.............................................. 8.64 6.60 5.98 7.22 9.53 9.10 9.83 9.95 9.33 7.50

2000.............................................. 9.06 7.00 6.23 7.80 9.89 9.69 10.03 10.18 9.84 7.87

2001.............................................. 9.64 7.25 6.61 8.00 10.20 9.94 10.44 10.85 10.39 8.14

2002.............................................. 9.89 7.45 6.80 8.11 10.71 10.12 10.98 11.18 10.81 8.73

2003.............................................. 10.08 7.59 6.85 8.19 11.01 10.51 11.17 11.79 11.05 8.84

2004.............................................. 10.17 7.71 6.86 8.32 11.23 10.62 11.45 11.95 11.57 9.16

2005.............................................. 10.31 7.80 6.92 8.50 11.58 10.86 11.84 12.13 11.86 9.82

2006.............................................. 10.65 7.99 7.11 8.82 11.87 11.07 12.05 12.26 12.12 9.97

2007.............................................. 10.98 8.15 7.41 9.00 12.05 11.21 12.36 12.85 12.23 10.15

2008.............................................. 11.49 8.43 7.71 9.16 12.48 11.72 12.89 13.16 13.00 10.53

2009.............................................. 11.76 8.58 7.82 9.19 12.76 11.96 13.00 13.09 13.59 11.11

2010.............................................. 11.83 8.62 7.91 9.08 12.88 12.04 13.12 13.50 13.68 11.18

2011.............................................. 11.98 8.73 7.96 9.16 13.10 12.12 13.44 13.76 14.03 11.76

2012.............................................. 11.99 8.78 8.02 9.17 13.17 12.15 13.46 13.80 14.36 11.84

2013.............................................. 12.12 8.93 8.09 9.40 13.36 12.23 13.77 13.94 14.53 12.22

Men

1979.............................................. $5.65 $3.90 $3.19 $4.64 $6.69 $6.38 $7.12 $7.10 $6.59 $3.56

1980.............................................. 6.10 4.10 3.37 4.92 7.22 6.93 7.81 7.78 7.24 3.79

1981.............................................. 6.57 4.31 3.64 5.11 7.78 7.33 8.30 8.49 7.88 4.21

1982.............................................. 6.85 4.38 3.66 5.12 8.08 7.67 8.89 8.88 8.14 4.46

1983.............................................. 6.92 4.38 3.67 5.05 8.31 7.74 9.22 9.16 8.74 4.75

1984.............................................. 7.12 4.57 3.72 5.16 8.60 7.88 9.51 9.69 8.86 4.91

1985.............................................. 7.33 4.68 3.75 5.23 8.85 8.00 9.80 9.97 9.04 4.99

1986.............................................. 7.59 4.79 3.82 5.43 9.02 8.03 9.99 10.15 9.54 5.18

1987.............................................. 7.77 4.91 3.95 5.68 9.16 8.26 10.10 10.24 9.72 5.32

1988.............................................. 7.91 5.03 4.14 5.79 9.38 8.41 10.22 10.69 9.74 5.52

1989.............................................. 8.10 5.17 4.39 6.02 9.71 8.56 10.59 10.88 10.00 5.90

1990.............................................. 8.27 5.44 4.64 6.18 9.84 8.83 10.73 11.13 10.17 6.08

1991.............................................. 8.59 5.58 4.74 6.23 9.98 8.94 10.98 11.71 10.08 6.22

1992.............................................. 8.67 5.65 4.80 6.24 10.06 9.02 10.93 12.02 10.39 6.45

1993.............................................. 8.86 5.75 4.87 6.33 10.18 9.10 11.16 12.15 10.96 6.71

1994.............................................. 9.00 5.88 4.98 6.56 10.29 9.10 11.50 12.10 11.06 6.64

1995.............................................. 9.23 6.04 5.14 6.82 10.73 9.46 11.89 12.32 11.11 6.85

1996.............................................. 9.52 6.17 5.25 6.99 10.78 9.70 11.91 12.40 11.15 7.04

1997.............................................. 9.83 6.45 5.61 7.18 11.10 9.92 12.07 12.80 11.79 6.96

1998.............................................. 10.06 6.91 5.98 7.78 11.72 10.22 12.48 13.04 12.22 7.74

1999.............................................. 10.31 7.12 6.18 8.03 12.00 10.84 12.78 13.68 12.21 7.86

2000.............................................. 10.81 7.63 6.64 8.39 12.24 10.97 13.14 13.90 12.81 8.31

2001.............................................. 11.32 8.01 6.90 8.92 12.88 11.58 13.92 14.25 12.95 9.00

2002.............................................. 11.64 8.05 7.02 8.88 13.05 11.89 13.96 14.40 13.38 9.78

2003.............................................. 11.89 8.14 7.02 9.00 13.25 12.01 14.13 14.93 14.09 9.79

2004.............................................. 12.02 8.21 7.15 9.07 13.74 12.03 14.60 15.11 14.54 9.90

2005.............................................. 12.16 8.42 7.21 9.20 13.91 12.17 14.88 15.13 14.79 10.04

2006.............................................. 12.68 8.79 7.43 9.75 14.27 12.63 15.06 16.04 15.04 10.72

2007.............................................. 12.95 9.13 7.77 9.96 14.75 12.83 15.17 16.15 15.45 11.01

2008.............................................. 13.46 9.24 7.98 10.00 15.03 13.47 16.02 16.82 15.90 11.50

2009.............................................. 13.76 9.22 8.05 9.99 15.07 13.20 16.10 16.99 16.09 12.00

2010.............................................. 13.76 9.21 8.09 9.90 15.04 13.10 15.83 16.89 16.45 11.92

2011.............................................. 13.80 9.23 8.16 9.90 15.11 13.18 16.03 16.88 17.07 12.85

2012.............................................. 13.88 9.44 8.19 9.97 15.17 13.28 16.05 16.99 17.28 13.03

2013.............................................. 14.00 9.67 8.37 10.00 15.27 13.42 16.21 17.17 17.28 12.88

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 65

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
66 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino

ethnicity, 1979-2013 annual averages

[In current dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic or

Latino

ethnicity

Total

1979.............................................................................. $4.44 $4.51 $4.11 – $4.08

1980.............................................................................. 4.82 4.88 4.44 – 4.44

1981.............................................................................. 5.15 5.18 4.90 – 4.81

1982.............................................................................. 5.40 5.47 5.06 – 5.01

1983.............................................................................. 5.59 5.66 5.15 – 5.09

1984.............................................................................. 5.83 5.90 5.36 – 5.27

1985.............................................................................. 6.03 6.10 5.50 – 5.47

1986.............................................................................. 6.20 6.28 5.80 – 5.65

1987.............................................................................. 6.47 6.56 5.99 – 5.82

1988.............................................................................. 6.73 6.81 6.15 – 5.95

1989.............................................................................. 6.99 7.08 6.43 – 6.07

1990.............................................................................. 7.23 7.33 6.81 – 6.28

1991.............................................................................. 7.50 7.61 7.00 – 6.46

1992.............................................................................. 7.72 7.82 7.06 – 6.65

1993.............................................................................. 7.87 7.97 7.18 – 6.83

1994.............................................................................. 8.01 8.11 7.29 – 6.93

1995.............................................................................. 8.17 8.32 7.66 – 7.00

1996.............................................................................. 8.40 8.57 7.76 – 7.17

1997.............................................................................. 8.75 8.88 8.01 – 7.39

1998.............................................................................. 9.10 9.22 8.39 – 7.92

1999.............................................................................. 9.53 9.74 8.85 – 8.07

2000.............................................................................. 9.91 9.96 9.34 $10.07 8.54

2001.............................................................................. 10.19 10.26 9.78 10.75 9.06

2002.............................................................................. 10.47 10.71 9.93 10.36 9.22

2003.............................................................................. 10.85 10.97 10.15 11.12 9.76

2004.............................................................................. 11.00 11.13 10.19 11.10 9.81

2005.............................................................................. 11.19 11.48 10.17 12.01 9.95

2006.............................................................................. 11.76 11.86 10.66 12.53 10.12

2007.............................................................................. 11.95 12.08 10.89 12.22 10.24

2008.............................................................................. 12.23 12.54 11.20 13.01 10.97

2009.............................................................................. 12.44 12.66 11.64 13.16 11.04

2010.............................................................................. 12.50 12.74 11.77 13.22 10.88

2011.............................................................................. 12.71 12.91 11.79 13.35 11.05

2012.............................................................................. 12.80 13.04 11.84 13.23 11.12

2013.............................................................................. 12.93 13.15 11.90 13.62 11.25

Women

1979.............................................................................. $3.62 $3.62 $3.55 – $3.44

1980.............................................................................. 3.95 3.96 3.88 – 3.78

1981.............................................................................. 4.28 4.28 4.19 – 4.10

1982.............................................................................. 4.61 4.61 4.49 – 4.33

1983.............................................................................. 4.80 4.81 4.72 – 4.42

1984.............................................................................. 4.97 4.98 4.87 – 4.65

1985.............................................................................. 5.13 5.14 5.04 – 4.82

1986.............................................................................. 5.33 5.35 5.17 – 5.00

1987.............................................................................. 5.60 5.62 5.40 – 5.11

1988.............................................................................. 5.84 5.86 5.61 – 5.28

1989.............................................................................. 6.11 6.13 5.88 – 5.53

1990.............................................................................. 6.44 6.46 6.23 – 5.80

1991.............................................................................. 6.75 6.76 6.55 – 5.98

1992.............................................................................. 6.96 6.99 6.64 – 6.17

1993.............................................................................. 7.12 7.16 6.87 – 6.31

1994.............................................................................. 7.25 7.34 6.93 – 6.40

1995.............................................................................. 7.46 7.54 7.12 – 6.60

1996.............................................................................. 7.73 7.79 7.20 – 6.77
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 67

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino

ethnicity, 1979-2013 annual averages — Continued

[In current dollars]

Year

Total,

16 years

and

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic or

Latino

ethnicity

1997.............................................................................. 7.94 8.00 7.59 – 6.82

1998.............................................................................. 8.23 8.33 7.90 – 7.22

1999.............................................................................. 8.64 8.73 8.13 – 7.46

2000.............................................................................. 9.06 9.09 8.86 $9.77 7.89

2001.............................................................................. 9.64 9.73 9.15 10.07 8.28

2002.............................................................................. 9.89 9.94 9.45 10.10 8.54

2003.............................................................................. 10.08 10.11 9.91 10.68 8.88

2004.............................................................................. 10.17 10.21 9.93 10.57 9.04

2005.............................................................................. 10.31 10.50 9.93 11.64 9.18

2006.............................................................................. 10.65 10.77 10.11 11.95 9.50

2007.............................................................................. 10.98 11.06 10.45 11.83 9.80

2008.............................................................................. 11.49 11.70 10.78 12.25 10.07

2009.............................................................................. 11.76 11.83 11.01 12.67 10.09

2010.............................................................................. 11.83 11.88 11.20 12.41 10.11

2011.............................................................................. 11.98 12.05 11.28 12.80 10.25

2012.............................................................................. 11.99 12.08 11.23 12.75 10.21

2013.............................................................................. 12.12 12.21 11.54 13.04 10.49

Men

1979.............................................................................. $5.65 $5.79 $4.89 – $4.79

1980.............................................................................. 6.10 6.23 5.18 – 5.03

1981.............................................................................. 6.57 6.71 5.81 – 5.37

1982.............................................................................. 6.85 6.98 5.97 – 5.73

1983.............................................................................. 6.92 7.07 5.96 – 5.81

1984.............................................................................. 7.12 7.26 6.16 – 6.04

1985.............................................................................. 7.33 7.58 6.15 – 6.07

1986.............................................................................. 7.59 7.78 6.57 – 6.19

1987.............................................................................. 7.77 7.93 6.74 – 6.37

1988.............................................................................. 7.91 8.06 6.94 – 6.51

1989.............................................................................. 8.10 8.28 7.07 – 6.66

1990.............................................................................. 8.27 8.55 7.37 – 6.74

1991.............................................................................. 8.59 8.82 7.57 – 6.88

1992.............................................................................. 8.67 8.89 7.62 – 6.99

1993.............................................................................. 8.86 9.07 7.67 – 7.12

1994.............................................................................. 9.00 9.21 7.92 – 7.17

1995.............................................................................. 9.23 9.62 8.16 – 7.26

1996.............................................................................. 9.52 9.79 8.18 – 7.62

1997.............................................................................. 9.83 9.96 8.67 – 7.90

1998.............................................................................. 10.06 10.18 9.09 – 8.24

1999.............................................................................. 10.31 10.61 9.77 – 8.61

2000.............................................................................. 10.81 10.95 9.98 $10.79 9.04

2001.............................................................................. 11.32 11.61 10.18 11.84 9.67

2002.............................................................................. 11.64 11.86 10.24 11.02 9.92

2003.............................................................................. 11.89 12.03 10.81 11.89 10.03

2004.............................................................................. 12.02 12.16 10.88 11.90 10.02

2005.............................................................................. 12.16 12.47 10.90 12.75 10.19

2006.............................................................................. 12.68 12.88 11.42 13.18 10.84

2007.............................................................................. 12.95 13.22 11.57 13.22 11.07

2008.............................................................................. 13.46 13.85 11.99 14.03 11.83

2009.............................................................................. 13.76 13.95 12.27 14.01 11.92

2010.............................................................................. 13.76 13.97 12.16 14.11 11.73

2011.............................................................................. 13.80 14.02 12.06 14.25 11.81

2012.............................................................................. 13.88 14.17 12.20 14.15 11.96

2013.............................................................................. 14.00 14.24 12.16 14.24 11.99

Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for

the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more
68 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main

race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not

tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates

data not available.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Technical Notes

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 69

The estimates in this report were obtained from the Current 

Population Survey (CPS), which provides information 

on the labor force, employment, and unemployment. 

The survey is conducted monthly for the U.S. Bureau 

of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau 

using a scientifically selected national sample of about

60,000 eligible households representing all 50 states 

and the District of Columbia. The survey also provides 

data on earnings, which are based on one-fourth of the 

CPS monthly sample and are limited to wage and salary 

workers. All self-employed workers, both incorporated and 

unincorporated, are excluded from the data presented in 

this report. 

It is important to note that the comparisons of earnings 

in this report are on a broad level and do not control for 

many factors that can be significant in explaining earnings

differences. This includes the direct comparisons of 

earnings levels among demographic groups discussed in the 

narrative and the women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios shown 

in the tables (that is, women’s earnings as a percentage 

of men’s). For example, the overall ratio of women’s-tomen’s earnings for full-time workers presented here is 

not controlled for differences in important determinants 

of earnings such as age, occupation, and educational 

attainment. Readers should not construe the earnings 

comparisons in this report as being restricted to workers 

with otherwise comparable characteristics and comparable 

jobs. One must be cautious even when attempting to 

control for one of the important factors that may explain 

earnings differences. Comparisons of women’s and men’s 

earnings by detailed occupation, for example, are not 

simultaneously controlled for differences in key factors 

such as job skills and responsibilities, work experience, and 

specialization. 

Material in this report is in the public domain and may 

be used without permission. This information is available 

to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

telephone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1 (800) 

877-8339. 

Concepts and definitions

The principal concepts and definitions used in connection

with the earnings data in this report are described briefly

below.

Wage and salary workers. These are workers age 16 and 

older who receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, 

payments in kind, or piece rates on their sole or principal 

job. This group includes employees in both the public and 

private sectors. All self-employed workers are excluded 

whether or not their businesses are incorporated.

Full-time workers. People who usually work 35 hours or 

more per week at their sole or principal job are defined as

working full time for the purpose of these estimates. The 

federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define

full- or part-time employment.

Part-time workers. People who usually work fewer than 35 

hours per week at their sole or principal job are defined as

working part time for the purpose of these estimates. The 

federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define

full- or part-time employment.

Usual weekly earnings. The data represent earnings before 

taxes and other deductions and include any overtime pay, 

commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in 

the case of multiple jobholders). Prior to 1994, respondents 

were asked how much they usually earned per week. Since 

January 1994, respondents have been asked to identify the 

easiest way for them to report earnings (hourly, weekly, 

biweekly, twice monthly, monthly, annually, or other) 

and how much they usually earn in the reported time 

period. Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly 

are converted to a weekly equivalent. The term “usual” is 

determined by each respondent’s own understanding of 

the term. If the respondent asks for a definition of “usual,”

interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than

half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months.

Medians of usual weekly earnings. The earnings estimates 

shown in this report are medians. The median is the 

midpoint in a given earnings distribution, with half of 

workers having earnings above the median and the other 

half having earnings below the median. 
70 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

The BLS procedure for estimating the median of a weekly 

earnings distribution places each reported or calculated 

weekly earnings value into a $50-wide interval that 

is centered around a multiple of $50. The median is 

calculated through the linear interpolation of the interval in 

which the median lies.

Changes over time in the medians for specific groups may

not necessarily be consistent with the movements estimated 

for the overall median boundary. The most common 

reasons for this possible anomaly are as follows: 

• There could be a change in the relative weights of the 

subgroups. For example, the median earnings of 16- to 

24-year-olds and the median earnings of those 25 years 

and older may rise, but if the lower earning 16-to-24 age 

group accounts for a greatly increased share of the total, 

the overall median could actually fall. 

• There could be a large change in the shape of the 

distribution of reported earnings, particularly near a 

median boundary. This change could be caused by 

survey observations that are clustered at rounded 

values, such as $600 or $700. An estimate lying in a 

$50-wide centered interval containing such a cluster 

tends to change more slowly than one in other intervals. 

Consider, for example, the calculation of the median 

for a multipeaked earnings distribution that shifts over 

time. As such a distribution shifts, the median does 

not necessarily move at the same rate. Specifically, the

median takes relatively more time to move through a 

frequently reported earnings interval, but once above the 

upper limit of such an interval, it can move relatively 

quickly to the next frequently reported interval. BLS 

procedures for estimating medians mitigate such 

irregular movements; however, users should be cautious 

of these effects when evaluating short-term changes in 

the medians and in ratios of the medians. 

Workers paid by the hour. These are employed wage and 

salary workers who report that they are paid at an hourly 

rate on their job. Typically, workers paid an hourly wage 

have made up approximately three-fifths of all wage and

salary workers. Estimates of workers paid by the hour 

include both full- and part-time workers unless otherwise 

specified.

Hourly earnings. These data are for wage and salary 

workers who are paid by the hour and pertain to earnings 

from a person’s sole or principal job. Hourly earnings 

for hourly paid workers do not include overtime pay, 

commissions, or tips received.

Workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage. The 

CPS does not include questions on whether workers are 

covered by the minimum wage provisions of the federal 

Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) or by individual state or 

local minimum wage laws. The estimates of workers paid 

at or below the federal minimum wage in this report are 

based solely on whether the hourly wage they report (which 

does not include overtime pay, tips, or commissions) is at 

or below the federal minimum wage. It should be noted 

that some respondents might round hourly earnings when 

answering survey questions. As a result, some workers 

might be reported as having hourly earnings above or 

below the federal minimum wage when in fact they earn 

the minimum wage.

Some workers reported as earning at or below the 

prevailing federal minimum wage may not in fact be 

covered by federal or state minimum wage laws because 

of exclusions and exemptions in the statutes. Thus, the 

presence of workers with hourly earnings below the federal 

minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of 

the FLSA or state statutes in cases where such standards 

apply.

The estimates of the number of workers with reported 

earnings at or below the federal minimum wage pertain 

only to workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers 

and other nonhourly paid workers are excluded, even 

though some have earnings that, if converted to hourly 

rates, would be at or below the federal minimum wage. 

Consequently, the estimates presented in this report likely 

understate the actual number of workers with hourly 

earnings at or below the minimum wage. BLS does not 

routinely estimate the hourly earnings of workers not 

paid by the hour because there are data quality concerns 

associated with constructing such an estimate.
BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov 71

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

Regular collection of earnings data in the basic CPS began 

in 1979. The prevailing federal minimum wage for 1979 

and later years is listed below.

Federal minimum wage Effective date

$2.90 January 1, 1979

$3.10 January 1, 1980

$3.35 January 1, 1981

$3.80 April 1, 1990

$4.25 April 1, 1991

$4.75 October 1, 1996

$5.15 September 1, 1997

$5.85 July 24, 2007

$6.55 July 24, 2008

$7.25 July 24, 2009

When the minimum wage has increased during a given 

year, the estimates of the annual average number of 

minimum wage workers reflect both minimum wage levels

in effect during the year. For example, data for 2007 reflect

the number of workers who earned the federal minimum 

wage of $5.15 for January to July and the number of 

workers who earned the minimum wage of $5.85 for 

August to December.

Race. In the survey process, race is determined by the 

household respondent. In accordance with the Office of

Management and Budget guidelines, White, Black or 

African American, and Asian are terms used to describe 

a person’s race. Beginning in 2003, people in these 

categories are those who selected that race group only. 

Those who identify multiple race groups are categorized as 

people of two or more races. Prior to 2003, people of two 

or more races identified one group as their main race. More

information on the 2003 changes to questions on race is 

available at http://www.bls.gov/cps/rvcps03.pdf. Data for 

other race groups—American Indians and Alaska Natives, 

Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders—and for

people of two or more races are included in totals but not 

separately identified in this report because the number of

survey respondents is too small to develop estimates of 

sufficient quality.

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. This phrase refers to people 

who identified themselves in the survey process as being of

Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. People whose ethnicity 

is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and

are included in estimates for the race groups (White, Black 

or African American, and Asian) in addition to being shown 

separately. 

Inflation adjustment/constant dollars. The Consumer Price 

Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) 

is used to convert current dollars to constant dollars for 

the inflation-adjusted median earnings estimates shown in

this report. BLS has made numerous improvements to the 

Consumer Price Index (CPI) over the years. Although these 

improvements make the CPI more accurate, the official

histories of price index series are not adjusted to reflect the

improvements. Because many researchers need a historical 

series that measures price change consistently over time, 

BLS developed the CPI-U-RS to provide an estimate 

of the CPI that incorporates most of the methodological 

improvements made since 1978 into the entire series. For 

further information, see Kenneth J. Stewart and Stephen 

B. Reed, “CPI research series using current methods, 

1978–98,” Monthly Labor Review, June 1999, available at 

http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/1999/06/cpimlr.pdf; and 

“Questions and Answers: Consumer Price Index Research 

Series Using Current Methods,” at http://www.bls.gov/

cpi/cpirsqa.pdf.

This report uses the most recent version of the CPI-U-RS 

available at the time of production. Users should note that the 

CPI-U-RS is subject to periodic revision. As a result, the rate 

of inflation incorporated into the inflation-adjusted median

earnings estimates in this report may differ from the rate used 

in previous reports in this series or in other publications. 

Reliability

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling 

and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the 

entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the 

sample estimates may differ from the true population 

values they represent. The component of this difference 

that occurs because samples differ by chance is known 

as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the 

standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent 

chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
72 BLS Reports │ December 2014 • www.bls.gov

HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2013

sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from 

the true population value because of sampling error. BLS 

analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 

confidence.

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. 

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including 

the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability 

to obtain information on all respondents in the sample, 

inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct 

information, and errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data.

Information about the reliability of data from the CPS 

is available at http://ww.bls.gov/cps/documentation.

htm#reliability.