Geographic Profile of Employment

and Unemployment, 1997

U.S. Department of Labor

Alexis M. Herman, Secretary

Bureau of Labor Statistics

Katharine G. Abraham, Commissioner

June 1999

Bulletin 2515
iii

Preface

Annual data on the labor force, employment, and unemployment in States and sub-State areas are available from

two major sources—the Current Population Survey (CPS) and

the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program.

The CPS is a sample survey of about 50,000 households conducted by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor

Statistics (BLS). The LAUS program is a Federal-State cooperative endeavor, in which State employment security agencies prepare estimates using concepts, definitions, and estimation procedures prescribed by BLS.

This bulletin presents 1997 annual averages from the CPS

for census regions and divisions, the 50 States and the District of Columbia, 50 large metropolitan areas, and 17 central

cities. Data are provided on the employed and unemployed

by selected demographic and economic characteristics.

Tables 1-11 present 1997 annual average labor force estimates for census regions and divisions. Similar information

for all States and the District of Columbia appears in tables

12-22. All these data incorporate updated 1990 census-based

population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount.

The LAUS program uses the total CPS estimates for States

and the District of Columbia as the official annual average

labor force statistics.

Tables 23-27 display 1997 annual average rates, ratios,

and percent distributions from the CPS for 50 large metropolitan areas and 17 central cities. Levels for the various

labor force categories are not presented because independent

1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount, are not generally available for geographic

areas below the State level. The CPS metropolitan area

and city estimates may differ from the official estimates

produced by the individual States through the LAUS program. CPS estimates are provided herein because they are

the only current source of information on demographic and

economic characteristics for these areas. Official 1997 annual average LAUS estimates for metropolitan areas appeared

in the May 1998 issue of Employment and Earnings. Official LAUS estimates for metropolitan areas and cities were

published in the report, Supplement to Unemployment in

States and Local Areas, 1997. Geographic definitions for

metropolitan areas in this publication reflect those issued by

the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) on June 30,

1993. (See appendix C.)

An errata of tables 1-11 from the Geographic Profile of

Employment and Unemployment, 1996, is included in this

publication.

The Division of Local Area Unemployment Statistics, in

collaboration with the Division of Data Development and

Publications, in the Office of Employment and Unemployment Statistics prepared this bulletin. Editorial assistance was

provided by the Data Users and Publication Services Group.

Information in this bulletin is available to sensory impaired

individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828; Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8399. Material in this publication is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit,

may be reproduced without permission.
v

Geographic profile of employment and unemployment, 1997 ........................................................................................ 1

Section I. Estimates for Census regions and divisions .................................................................................................... 3

Tables: Census regions and divisions, 1997 annual averages:

1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin .......... 5

2. Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin.......... 10

3. Employment status of the experienced civilian labor force by occupation ..................................................... 13

4. Percent distribution of employed persons by occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin .............................. 17

5. Employment status of the experienced civilian labor force for private nonagricultural wage and salary

 workers by industry ....................................................................................................................................... 22

6. Percent distribution of employed private nonagricultural wage and salary workers by industry, sex,

 race, and Hispanic origin .............................................................................................................................. 25

7. Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin .................................................................................. 30

8. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by sex, race, reason for working less than 35 hours, and usual status ............ 32

9. Employed persons with a job but not at work by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and reason not at work ............ 34

10. Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and reason for

 unemployment ............................................................................................................................................... 36

11. Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and duration of

 unemployment ............................................................................................................................................... 38

Section II: Estimates for States ........................................................................................................................................ 41

 Charts:

1. Unemployment rates by State, 1997 annual averages ..................................................................................... 43

2. Employment-population ratios by State, 1997 annual averages ..................................................................... 43

Tables: States, 1997 annual averages:

12. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin .......... 44

13. Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin.......... 57

14. Employment status of the experienced civilian labor force by occupation ..................................................... 64

15. Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation .............................. 68

16. Employment status of the experienced civilian labor force by industry ......................................................... 74

17. Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and industry................................... 78

18. Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin .................................................................................. 84

19. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by sex, race, reason for working less than 35 hours, and usual status ............ 90

20. Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason ................................................................................ 95

21. Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and reason for

unemployment .............................................................................................................................................. 96

22. Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and duration of

unemployment .............................................................................................................................................. 100

Contents Contents

Page
vi

Section III. Estimates for metropolitan areas and cities ................................................................................................... 104

Tables: Metropolitan areas and cities, 1997 annual averages:

23. Civilian labor force participation rates, employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex,

age, race, and Hispanic origin ...................................................................................................................... 106

24. Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation .............................. 118

25. Unemployment rates by occupation ................................................................................................................ 126

26. Percent distribution of employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex, race, and Hispanic

origin ............................................................................................................................................................ 128

27. Unemployment rates for nonagricultural workers by industry ........................................................................ 136

Appendixes:

A. Concepts and definitions for data derived from the Current Population Survey ........................................................ 138

B. Sampling and estimation procedures and sampling error tables ................................................................................. 140

C. Geographic boundary definitions ............................................................................................................................... 155

Contents—Continued

Page
1

Geographic Profile of Employment

and Unemployment, 1997

The Current Population Survey (CPS) is the regularmonthly survey of about 50,000 households from which

the national unemployment rate is derived. (See appendix A

for concepts and definitions used in the CPS and appendix B

for a description of the estimation procedure.)

Determination of which annual average estimates of the

labor force by demographic characteristics (age, sex, race,

and Hispanic origin) and economic characteristics of the

employed and unemployed are published in this bulletin is

explained in appendix B. Table B-1 lists the minimum bases

required for publication for various geographic areas.

Estimates for census regions and divisions are shown in

section I; data for States are shown in section II, and limited

data for metropolitan areas and cities are shown in section

III. Estimates of levels are not provided in section III because population controls needed to make estimates of levels

comparable to those in the other sections of this publication

are not available.

Because the estimates are based on a survey rather than on

a complete census of the population, they are subject to sampling error. Consequently, error ranges have been calculated,

in the form of 90-percent confidence intervals, and displayed

for the unemployment rates in the first table of sections I, II,

and III. In addition, appendix B provides tables from which

the sampling error ranges can be obtained for the data in other

tables in sections I and II. Separate error tables are not provided for each population group (i.e., total, white, black, or

Hispanic). Instead, one table is used for all population groups

for a given labor force characteristic, because differences in

sampling errors are usually minimal.
Table 1. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin,

1997 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Area and population group

Civilian noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force Employment Unemployment

Number Percent of

population Number Percent ofpopulation Number Rate Error range ofrate1

UNITED STATES2

Total ................................................................................ 203,133 136,297 67.1 129,558 63.8 6,739 4.9 4.9 - 5.0

 Men ................................................................................ 97,715 73,261 75.0 69,685 71.3 3,577 4.9 4.8 - 5.0

 Women .......................................................................... 105,418 63,036 59.8 59,873 56.8 3,162 5.0 4.9 - 5.1

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 15,365 7,932 51.6 6,661 43.4 1,271 16.0 15.5 - 16.5

 White ............................................................................. 169,993 114,693 67.5 109,856 64.6 4,836 4.2 4.1 - 4.3

 Men ............................................................................... 82,577 62,639 75.9 59,998 72.7 2,641 4.2 4.1 - 4.3

 Women ......................................................................... 87,417 52,054 59.5 49,859 57.0 2,195 4.2 4.1 - 4.3

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 12,181 6,720 55.2 5,807 47.7 912 13.6 13.1 - 14.1

 Black .............................................................................. 24,003 15,529 64.7 13,969 58.2 1,560 10.0 9.7 - 10.4

 Men ............................................................................... 10,763 7,354 68.3 6,607 61.4 747 10.2 9.7 - 10.6

 Women ......................................................................... 13,241 8,175 61.7 7,362 55.6 813 9.9 9.5 - 10.4

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 2,412 933 38.7 631 26.1 302 32.4 30.4 - 34.4

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 20,321 13,796 67.9 12,726 62.6 1,069 7.7 7.4 - 8.1

 Men ............................................................................... 10,368 8,309 80.1 7,728 74.5 582 7.0 6.6 - 7.4

 Women ......................................................................... 9,953 5,486 55.1 4,999 50.2 488 8.9 8.4 - 9.4

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 2,121 911 43.0 714 33.7 197 21.6 20.0 - 23.2

Northeast Region

Total ................................................................................ 39,751 26,101 65.7 24,696 62.1 1,405 5.4 5.2 - 5.5

 Men ................................................................................ 18,787 13,856 73.8 13,096 69.7 760 5.5 5.3 - 5.7

 Women .......................................................................... 20,964 12,245 58.4 11,600 55.3 645 5.3 5.0 - 5.5

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 2,849 1,394 48.9 1,159 40.7 235 16.9 15.8 - 17.9

 White ............................................................................. 33,666 22,289 66.2 21,278 63.2 1,011 4.5 4.4 - 4.7

 Men ............................................................................... 16,021 11,950 74.6 11,389 71.1 561 4.7 4.5 - 4.9

 Women ......................................................................... 17,645 10,339 58.6 9,888 56.0 451 4.4 4.1 - 4.6

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 2,287 1,222 53.4 1,047 45.8 175 14.3 13.3 - 15.4

 Black .............................................................................. 4,604 2,829 61.5 2,492 54.1 337 11.9 11.3 - 12.6

 Men ............................................................................... 2,030 1,337 65.9 1,175 57.9 162 12.1 11.2 - 13.1

 Women ......................................................................... 2,575 1,492 58.0 1,317 51.2 175 11.7 10.8 - 12.6

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 458 142 30.9 90 19.5 52 36.9 33.6 - 40.2

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 3,245 2,018 62.2 1,827 56.3 191 9.5 8.7 - 10.2

 Men ............................................................................... 1,549 1,152 74.3 1,054 68.0 98 8.5 7.6 - 9.4

 Women ......................................................................... 1,696 866 51.0 773 45.6 93 10.7 9.6 - 11.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 354 134 37.9 98 27.8 36 26.9 23.0 - 30.7

New England Division

Total ................................................................................ 10,328 7,118 68.9 6,804 65.9 314 4.4 4.2 - 4.7

 Men ................................................................................ 4,949 3,724 75.2 3,546 71.7 178 4.8 4.4 - 5.1

 Women .......................................................................... 5,379 3,394 63.1 3,258 60.6 136 4.0 3.7 - 4.4

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 697 416 59.6 360 51.6 56 13.4 11.9 - 15.0

 White ............................................................................. 9,542 6,578 68.9 6,311 66.1 267 4.1 3.8 - 4.3

 Men ............................................................................... 4,577 3,456 75.5 3,305 72.2 150 4.4 4.0 - 4.7

 Women ......................................................................... 4,965 3,122 62.9 3,006 60.5 116 3.7 3.4 - 4.1

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 626 388 62.0 342 54.6 46 12.0 10.4 - 13.5

 Black .............................................................................. 577 395 68.6 355 61.6 41 10.2 8.6 - 11.8

 Men ............................................................................... 260 180 69.1 157 60.3 23 12.8 10.2 - 15.4

 Women ......................................................................... 316 215 68.1 198 62.6 17 8.1 6.1 - 10.1

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 429 282 65.7 252 58.8 29 10.4 8.5 - 12.4

 Men ............................................................................... 195 145 74.4 129 65.9 17 11.4 8.6 - 14.3

 Women ......................................................................... 234 136 58.4 124 52.9 13 9.4 6.7 - 12.1

Middle Atlantic Division

Total ................................................................................ 29,423 18,983 64.5 17,892 60.8 1,091 5.7 5.6 - 5.9

 Men ................................................................................ 13,838 10,132 73.2 9,550 69.0 582 5.7 5.5 - 6.0

 Women .......................................................................... 15,585 8,850 56.8 8,342 53.5 509 5.7 5.5 - 6.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin,

1997 annual averages — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Area and population group

Civilian noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force Employment Unemployment

Number Percent of

population Number Percent ofpopulation Number Rate Error range ofrate1

Middle Atlantic Division–Continued

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 2,152 979 45.5 799 37.1 179 18.3 17.0 - 19.6

 White ............................................................................. 24,122 15,709 65.1 14,965 62.0 745 4.7 4.5 - 4.9

 Men ............................................................................... 11,443 8,493 74.2 8,083 70.6 410 4.8 4.6 - 5.1

 Women ......................................................................... 12,679 7,216 56.9 6,881 54.3 334 4.6 4.3 - 4.9

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 1,660 834 50.2 705 42.5 129 15.5 14.1 - 16.8

 Black .............................................................................. 4,029 2,435 60.4 2,138 53.1 297 12.2 11.5 - 12.9

 Men ............................................................................... 1,770 1,158 65.4 1,018 57.5 139 12.0 11.0 - 13.1

 Women ......................................................................... 2,259 1,277 56.5 1,120 49.6 157 12.3 11.4 - 13.3

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 403 120 29.7 75 18.5 45 37.8 34.2 - 41.4

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 2,818 1,736 61.6 1,575 55.9 161 9.3 8.5 - 10.0

 Men ............................................................................... 1,355 1,007 74.3 926 68.3 81 8.1 7.1 - 9.0

 Women ......................................................................... 1,463 730 49.9 650 44.4 80 11.0 9.7 - 12.2

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 293 111 38.0 85 28.9 27 23.9 19.8 - 28.0

Midwest Region

Total ................................................................................ 47,305 32,957 69.7 31,625 66.9 1,332 4.0 3.9 - 4.2

 Men ................................................................................ 22,827 17,578 77.0 16,860 73.9 718 4.1 3.9 - 4.3

 Women .......................................................................... 24,478 15,379 62.8 14,765 60.3 614 4.0 3.8 - 4.2

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 3,688 2,244 60.9 1,957 53.1 287 12.8 12.0 - 13.6

 White ............................................................................. 41,992 29,532 70.3 28,509 67.9 1,023 3.5 3.3 - 3.6

 Men ............................................................................... 20,404 15,936 78.1 15,368 75.3 567 3.6 3.4 - 3.7

 Women ......................................................................... 21,588 13,596 63.0 13,140 60.9 456 3.4 3.2 - 3.5

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 3,158 2,022 64.0 1,799 57.0 223 11.0 10.2 - 11.8

 Black .............................................................................. 4,286 2,709 63.2 2,436 56.9 272 10.1 9.4 - 10.7

 Men ............................................................................... 1,932 1,262 65.3 1,128 58.4 134 10.6 9.6 - 11.6

 Women ......................................................................... 2,353 1,447 61.5 1,309 55.6 138 9.5 8.7 - 10.4

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 433 181 41.9 123 28.4 58 32.3 29.1 - 35.4

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 1,502 1,088 72.4 1,021 68.0 67 6.2 5.3 - 7.1

 Men ............................................................................... 828 693 83.7 654 79.0 39 5.7 4.6 - 6.7

 Women ......................................................................... 674 395 58.6 367 54.4 28 7.2 5.6 - 8.7

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 177 92 51.9 77 43.4 15 16.5 12.2 - 20.9

East North Central Division

Total ................................................................................ 33,336 22,852 68.6 21,876 65.6 977 4.3 4.1 - 4.4

 Men ................................................................................ 16,061 12,236 76.2 11,717 73.0 520 4.2 4.0 - 4.5

 Women .......................................................................... 17,275 10,616 61.5 10,159 58.8 457 4.3 4.1 - 4.6

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 2,572 1,508 58.6 1,311 51.0 197 13.1 12.1 - 14.1

 White ............................................................................. 29,056 20,126 69.3 19,399 66.8 728 3.6 3.4 - 3.8

 Men ............................................................................... 14,119 10,939 77.5 10,540 74.6 399 3.6 3.4 - 3.9

 Women ......................................................................... 14,937 9,187 61.5 8,859 59.3 328 3.6 3.3 - 3.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 2,153 1,343 62.4 1,195 55.5 148 11.1 10.0 - 12.1

 Black .............................................................................. 3,577 2,234 62.4 2,008 56.1 226 10.1 9.4 - 10.8

 Men ............................................................................... 1,600 1,028 64.3 918 57.4 110 10.7 9.6 - 11.8

 Women ......................................................................... 1,977 1,205 61.0 1,090 55.1 115 9.6 8.6 - 10.6

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 355 139 39.3 93 26.2 46 33.3 29.6 - 36.9

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 1,200 865 72.0 814 67.8 51 5.9 4.9 - 6.8

 Men ............................................................................... 661 553 83.8 523 79.2 30 5.5 4.3 - 6.6

 Women ......................................................................... 540 311 57.6 291 53.9 20 6.6 4.9 - 8.2

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 141 70 49.8 59 41.8 11 16.1 11.1 - 21.0

West North Central Division

Total ................................................................................ 13,969 10,103 72.3 9,748 69.8 355 3.5 3.3 - 3.7

 Men ................................................................................ 6,766 5,341 78.9 5,143 76.0 198 3.7 3.4 - 4.0

 Women .......................................................................... 7,203 4,762 66.1 4,605 63.9 157 3.3 3.0 - 3.6

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 1,116 736 66.0 646 57.9 90 12.2 11.0 - 13.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin,

1997 annual averages — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Area and population group

Civilian noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force Employment Unemployment

Number Percent of

population Number Percent ofpopulation Number Rate Error range ofrate1

West North Central Division–Continued

 White ............................................................................. 12,933 9,402 72.7 9,107 70.4 296 3.1 2.9 - 3.4

 Men ............................................................................... 6,283 4,996 79.5 4,827 76.8 168 3.4 3.1 - 3.7

 Women ......................................................................... 6,649 4,407 66.3 4,279 64.4 127 2.9 2.6 - 3.2

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 1,004 678 67.5 604 60.1 75 11.0 9.7 - 12.3

 Black .............................................................................. 711 476 67.0 430 60.4 47 9.8 8.2 - 11.4

 Men ............................................................................... 333 234 70.3 210 63.1 24 10.3 8.0 - 12.6

 Women ......................................................................... 378 242 64.1 219 58.1 23 9.4 7.2 - 11.6

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 302 224 74.1 207 68.5 17 7.5 5.5 - 9.6

 Men ............................................................................... 168 140 83.6 131 78.2 9 6.4 4.0 - 8.8

 Women ......................................................................... 135 84 62.3 76 56.4 8 9.4 5.8 - 13.1

South Region

Total ................................................................................ 71,523 47,202 66.0 44,875 62.7 2,326 4.9 4.8 - 5.1

 Men ................................................................................ 34,176 25,206 73.8 24,030 70.3 1,176 4.7 4.5 - 4.8

 Women .......................................................................... 37,348 21,996 58.9 20,845 55.8 1,150 5.2 5.0 - 5.4

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 5,426 2,644 48.7 2,182 40.2 462 17.5 16.6 - 18.3

 White ............................................................................. 56,696 37,307 65.8 35,851 63.2 1,457 3.9 3.8 - 4.0

 Men ............................................................................... 27,522 20,467 74.4 19,692 71.5 775 3.8 3.6 - 4.0

 Women ......................................................................... 29,174 16,841 57.7 16,159 55.4 682 4.0 3.9 - 4.2

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 3,956 2,041 51.6 1,763 44.6 279 13.6 12.8 - 14.5

 Black .............................................................................. 13,044 8,672 66.5 7,865 60.3 807 9.3 8.9 - 9.7

 Men ............................................................................... 5,801 4,070 70.2 3,699 63.8 372 9.1 8.6 - 9.7

 Women ......................................................................... 7,243 4,601 63.5 4,166 57.5 436 9.5 9.0 - 10.0

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 1,333 544 40.8 373 28.0 171 31.4 30.4 - 32.4

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 6,850 4,637 67.7 4,317 63.0 319 6.9 6.4 - 7.4

 Men ............................................................................... 3,476 2,770 79.7 2,609 75.0 162 5.8 5.3 - 6.4

 Women ......................................................................... 3,373 1,866 55.3 1,709 50.7 158 8.4 7.6 - 9.3

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 680 296 43.6 238 35.0 59 19.9 17.5 - 22.2

South Atlantic Division

Total ................................................................................ 36,957 24,408 66.0 23,300 63.0 1,108 4.5 4.4 - 4.7

 Men ................................................................................ 17,609 12,925 73.4 12,371 70.2 554 4.3 4.1 - 4.5

 Women .......................................................................... 19,348 11,483 59.3 10,929 56.5 554 4.8 4.6 - 5.1

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 2,554 1,295 50.7 1,093 42.8 202 15.6 14.4 - 16.7

 White ............................................................................. 28,632 18,767 65.5 18,127 63.3 640 3.4 3.2 - 3.6

 Men ............................................................................... 13,845 10,197 73.6 9,860 71.2 337 3.3 3.1 - 3.5

 Women ......................................................................... 14,788 8,570 58.0 8,267 55.9 303 3.5 3.3 - 3.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 1,789 972 54.3 863 48.3 108 11.2 9.9 - 12.4

 Black .............................................................................. 7,469 5,045 67.5 4,603 61.6 442 8.8 8.3 - 9.2

 Men ............................................................................... 3,355 2,403 71.6 2,197 65.5 206 8.6 7.9 - 9.3

 Women ......................................................................... 4,114 2,642 64.2 2,406 58.5 236 8.9 8.3 - 9.6

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 707 296 41.9 208 29.4 88 29.9 28.1 - 31.6

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 2,462 1,699 69.0 1,602 65.1 97 5.7 5.1 - 6.4

 Men ............................................................................... 1,255 1,008 80.3 960 76.5 48 4.7 4.0 - 5.5

 Women ......................................................................... 1,207 691 57.3 642 53.1 50 7.2 6.1 - 8.3

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 173 81 46.9 70 40.7 11 13.3 9.0 - 17.5

East South Central Division

Total ................................................................................ 12,558 8,076 64.3 7,643 60.9 433 5.4 5.0 - 5.7

 Men ................................................................................ 5,983 4,264 71.3 4,052 67.7 212 5.0 4.5 - 5.4

 Women .......................................................................... 6,575 3,812 58.0 3,591 54.6 221 5.8 5.3 - 6.3

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 992 488 49.2 399 40.2 89 18.3 16.4 - 20.1

 White ............................................................................. 9,910 6,358 64.2 6,092 61.5 265 4.2 3.9 - 4.5

 Men ............................................................................... 4,789 3,445 71.9 3,308 69.1 137 4.0 3.6 - 4.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin,

1997 annual averages — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Area and population group

Civilian noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force Employment Unemployment

Number Percent of

population Number Percent ofpopulation Number Rate Error range ofrate1

East South Central Division–Continued

 Women ......................................................................... 5,121 2,913 56.9 2,785 54.4 128 4.4 3.9 - 4.9

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 699 364 52.1 315 45.0 49 13.5 11.5 - 15.5

 Black .............................................................................. 2,534 1,636 64.6 1,472 58.1 164 10.0 9.1 - 10.9

 Men ............................................................................... 1,141 776 68.0 704 61.7 72 9.3 8.1 - 10.5

 Women ......................................................................... 1,393 860 61.8 769 55.2 92 10.6 9.4 - 11.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 280 117 41.9 78 27.9 39 33.5 33.5 - 33.5

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 111 90 81.1 86 77.5 4 4.3 1.9 - 6.8

 Men ............................................................................... 63 58 93.0 56 90.3 2 2.9 .4 - 5.5

West South Central Division

Total ................................................................................ 22,008 14,718 66.9 13,932 63.3 785 5.3 5.1 - 5.6

 Men ................................................................................ 10,583 8,017 75.8 7,607 71.9 410 5.1 4.8 - 5.4

 Women .......................................................................... 11,425 6,701 58.6 6,325 55.4 375 5.6 5.2 - 6.0

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 1,879 861 45.8 690 36.7 171 19.8 18.4 - 21.2

 White ............................................................................. 18,152 12,181 67.1 11,630 64.1 551 4.5 4.3 - 4.8

 Men ............................................................................... 8,887 6,824 76.8 6,523 73.4 301 4.4 4.1 - 4.7

 Women ......................................................................... 9,265 5,357 57.8 5,107 55.1 250 4.7 4.3 - 5.0

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 1,467 705 48.1 584 39.8 121 17.1 15.6 - 18.7

 Black .............................................................................. 3,043 1,992 65.5 1,790 58.8 202 10.1 9.4 - 10.9

 Men ............................................................................... 1,307 893 68.3 799 61.1 94 10.5 9.3 - 11.7

 Women ......................................................................... 1,737 1,100 63.3 992 57.1 108 9.8 8.8 - 10.9

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 346 131 37.8 88 25.4 43 32.9 30.8 - 35.0

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 4,271 2,844 66.6 2,626 61.5 218 7.7 7.0 - 8.3

 Men ............................................................................... 2,156 1,702 78.9 1,590 73.7 112 6.6 5.8 - 7.4

 Women ......................................................................... 2,115 1,142 54.0 1,036 49.0 106 9.2 8.1 - 10.4

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 498 211 42.5 164 32.9 47 22.5 20.1 - 24.9

West Region

Total ................................................................................ 44,500 30,003 67.4 28,330 63.7 1,673 5.6 5.4 - 5.8

 Men ................................................................................ 21,900 16,602 75.8 15,681 71.6 921 5.5 5.3 - 5.8

 Women .......................................................................... 22,600 13,401 59.3 12,649 56.0 752 5.6 5.4 - 5.9

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 3,398 1,648 48.5 1,361 40.1 287 17.4 16.3 - 18.5

 White ............................................................................. 37,598 25,539 67.9 24,196 64.4 1,343 5.3 5.1 - 5.4

 Men ............................................................................... 18,609 14,272 76.7 13,535 72.7 738 5.2 4.9 - 5.4

 Women ......................................................................... 18,989 11,267 59.3 10,662 56.1 605 5.4 5.1 - 5.6

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 2,779 1,434 51.6 1,199 43.1 235 16.4 15.2 - 17.6

 Black .............................................................................. 2,065 1,317 63.7 1,174 56.8 143 10.8 9.8 - 11.9

 Men ............................................................................... 998 683 68.4 605 60.6 78 11.5 9.9 - 13.0

 Women ......................................................................... 1,067 634 59.4 569 53.3 64 10.2 8.7 - 11.7

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 188 66 34.9 45 23.9 21 31.5 24.7 - 38.3

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 8,706 6,041 69.4 5,550 63.8 490 8.1 7.7 - 8.6

 Men ............................................................................... 4,506 3,686 81.8 3,404 75.6 282 7.6 7.1 - 8.2

 Women ......................................................................... 4,200 2,355 56.1 2,146 51.1 208 8.9 8.1 - 9.6

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 909 388 42.6 301 33.1 86 22.3 19.9 - 24.7

Mountain Division

Total ................................................................................ 12,308 8,401 68.3 8,039 65.3 362 4.3 4.1 - 4.5

 Men ................................................................................ 6,067 4,607 75.9 4,413 72.7 193 4.2 3.9 - 4.5

 Women .......................................................................... 6,241 3,794 60.8 3,626 58.1 169 4.4 4.1 - 4.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 1,038 578 55.7 499 48.1 79 13.7 12.5 - 15.0

 White ............................................................................. 11,369 7,783 68.5 7,468 65.7 315 4.0 3.8 - 4.3

 Men ............................................................................... 5,622 4,283 76.2 4,115 73.2 168 3.9 3.6 - 4.2

 Women ......................................................................... 5,747 3,500 60.9 3,353 58.3 147 4.2 3.8 - 4.5

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 936 536 57.2 467 49.9 69 12.9 11.6 - 14.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin,

1997 annual averages — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Area and population group

Civilian noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force Employment Unemployment

Number Percent of

population Number Percent ofpopulation Number Rate Error range ofrate1

Mountain Division–Continued

 Black .............................................................................. 339 233 68.7 214 63.3 18 7.9 6.1 - 9.6

 Men ............................................................................... 161 120 74.6 110 68.7 9 7.9 5.5 - 10.3

 Women ......................................................................... 178 113 63.3 104 58.4 9 7.9 5.4 - 10.3

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 2,037 1,381 67.8 1,301 63.9 79 5.7 5.1 - 6.4

 Men ............................................................................... 1,053 834 79.2 789 75.0 45 5.4 4.6 - 6.2

 Women ......................................................................... 984 547 55.5 512 52.0 34 6.3 5.2 - 7.4

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 235 107 45.4 91 38.7 16 14.7 12.4 - 17.1

Pacific Division

Total ................................................................................ 32,192 21,601 67.1 20,289 63.0 1,312 6.1 5.8 - 6.3

 Men ................................................................................ 15,833 11,995 75.8 11,267 71.2 728 6.1 5.8 - 6.4

 Women .......................................................................... 16,359 9,606 58.7 9,022 55.2 584 6.1 5.7 - 6.4

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 2,359 1,069 45.3 861 36.5 208 19.4 17.9 - 21.0

 White ............................................................................. 26,218 17,748 67.7 16,719 63.8 1,029 5.8 5.6 - 6.0

 Men ............................................................................... 12,981 9,985 76.9 9,415 72.5 570 5.7 5.4 - 6.0

 Women ......................................................................... 13,237 7,763 58.6 7,304 55.2 459 5.9 5.5 - 6.3

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 1,840 897 48.7 730 39.7 166 18.5 16.8 - 20.2

 Black .............................................................................. 1,729 1,085 62.8 961 55.6 125 11.5 10.2 - 12.7

 Men ............................................................................... 839 564 67.2 495 59.0 69 12.2 10.5 - 14.0

 Women ......................................................................... 891 522 58.6 466 52.3 56 10.7 8.9 - 12.4

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 6,673 4,664 69.9 4,252 63.7 412 8.8 8.3 - 9.4

 Men ............................................................................... 3,455 2,855 82.6 2,617 75.7 237 8.3 7.6 - 9.0

 Women ......................................................................... 3,218 1,809 56.2 1,635 50.8 174 9.6 8.7 - 10.6

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 674 281 41.7 210 31.2 71 25.2 21.9 - 28.5

1 Error ranges are calculated at the 90-percent confidence interval, which

means that if repeated samples were drawn from the same population and an error

range constructed around each sample estimate, in 9 out of 10 cases the true value

based on a complete census of the population would be contained within these

error ranges. 2 Because of separate processing and weighting procedures, totals for the

United States differ from the results obtained by aggregating the totals for regions

and States.

 NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS

publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the sample in

that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals because of rounding. 

Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the

"other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white

and black population groups. Data in tables 1-22 incorporate updated 1990

census-based population controls.
Table 2. Census regions and divisions: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin,

1997 annual averages

(In thousands)

Population group and area

Employed1 Unemployed

Full-time workers Part-time workers

Looking for

full-time

work

Looking for

part-time

Total work

35

hours

or

more

At work

Not

at

work

Total

At work2

Not

at

work

1 to 34 hours Part time

for

economic

reasons

Part time

for

noneconomic

reasons

Economic

reasons

Noneconomic

reasons

TOTAL

Northeast ...................................... 19,911 17,328 188 1,587 808 4,785 608 3,860 318 1,114 291

 New England ............................... 5,412 4,686 54 443 229 1,392 147 1,141 104 245 69

 Middle Atlantic ............................. 14,498 12,642 134 1,143 579 3,393 461 2,719 214 870 221

Midwest ........................................ 25,553 22,179 308 2,074 991 6,073 564 5,120 389 1,027 305

 East North Central ....................... 17,721 15,450 210 1,344 717 4,155 401 3,500 254 761 216

 West North Central ...................... 7,830 6,728 98 730 274 1,917 163 1,619 135 266 90

South ............................................ 37,909 32,971 526 3,016 1,397 6,966 848 5,633 485 1,913 413

 South Atlantic .............................. 19,746 17,313 267 1,489 677 3,553 435 2,884 235 913 195

 East South Central ...................... 6,433 5,513 93 553 275 1,210 129 985 96 356 77

 West South Central ..................... 11,729 10,145 166 974 444 2,203 285 1,764 155 644 141

West ............................................. 22,936 19,899 384 1,837 816 5,394 804 4,240 350 1,339 334

 Mountain ...................................... 6,520 5,682 102 511 225 1,519 173 1,246 100 285 77

 Pacific .......................................... 16,414 14,215 282 1,326 591 3,875 632 2,994 249 1,055 257

Men

Northeast ...................................... 11,657 10,364 111 763 419 1,439 255 1,098 87 649 111

 New England ............................... 3,151 2,791 33 212 116 394 61 306 28 152 26

 Middle Atlantic ............................. 8,505 7,573 78 551 303 1,045 194 792 59 498 85

Midwest ........................................ 15,057 13,357 189 1,010 501 1,803 233 1,481 89 594 124

 East North Central ....................... 10,501 9,353 130 655 363 1,215 171 994 51 436 84

 West North Central ...................... 4,555 4,004 59 354 138 587 62 487 38 159 40

South ............................................ 21,720 19,280 324 1,456 659 2,310 335 1,829 147 990 186

 South Atlantic .............................. 11,186 10,005 166 701 314 1,184 166 943 75 465 89

 East South Central ...................... 3,660 3,200 52 272 135 392 48 316 28 178 34

 West South Central ..................... 6,873 6,075 107 482 210 734 121 570 44 347 63

West ............................................. 13,809 12,201 246 940 422 1,872 364 1,412 96 778 143

 Mountain ...................................... 3,908 3,468 63 262 115 505 74 409 23 162 32

 Pacific .......................................... 9,900 8,732 183 678 307 1,367 291 1,003 74 616 112

Women

Northeast ...................................... 8,255 6,964 77 824 390 3,346 353 2,762 231 465 180

 New England ............................... 2,261 1,895 21 232 113 998 87 835 76 93 43

 Middle Atlantic ............................. 5,994 5,069 56 592 276 2,348 267 1,926 155 372 137

Midwest ........................................ 10,495 8,822 119 1,065 490 4,270 331 3,638 301 432 181

 East North Central ....................... 7,220 6,097 80 689 354 2,940 230 2,506 203 325 132

 West North Central ...................... 3,275 2,724 39 375 136 1,330 101 1,132 97 107 50

South ............................................ 16,189 13,690 202 1,560 737 4,656 513 3,804 339 923 227

 South Atlantic .............................. 8,560 7,308 101 787 363 2,369 269 1,941 160 448 106

 East South Central ...................... 2,774 2,313 41 280 140 817 80 669 68 178 43

 West South Central ..................... 4,856 4,070 59 492 234 1,470 164 1,194 111 297 79

West ............................................. 9,127 7,698 138 897 394 3,522 440 2,828 254 562 191

 Mountain ...................................... 2,612 2,214 39 250 110 1,014 99 837 78 124 45

 Pacific .......................................... 6,514 5,483 99 648 284 2,508 342 1,991 176 438 146

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Northeast ...................................... 316 265 12 31 8 844 66 741 37 109 126

 New England ............................... 90 75 4 10 2 270 19 237 14 24 31

 Middle Atlantic ............................. 226 190 9 21 6 574 47 504 23 85 94

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Census regions and divisions: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin,

1997 annual averages — Continued

(In thousands)

Population group and area

Employed1 Unemployed

Full-time workers Part-time workers

Looking for

full-time

work

Looking for

part-time

Total work

35

hours

or

more

At work

Not

at

work

Total

At work2

Not

at

work

1 to 34 hours Part time

for

economic

reasons

Part time

for

noneconomic

reasons

Economic

reasons

Noneconomic

reasons

Both sexes, 16 to 19

years–Continued

Midwest ........................................ 593 490 25 62 16 1,364 77 1,234 53 134 153

 East North Central ....................... 398 328 18 42 10 913 53 829 32 90 107

 West North Central ...................... 195 162 7 20 6 451 24 405 21 44 46

South ............................................ 799 653 33 89 23 1,384 102 1,219 62 261 201

 South Atlantic .............................. 391 320 17 42 12 703 45 627 30 107 94

 East South Central ...................... 148 122 6 17 3 251 20 217 14 53 36

 West South Central ..................... 259 211 11 30 8 430 37 375 18 101 70

West ............................................. 458 377 22 47 11 903 81 790 33 142 145

 Mountain ...................................... 184 154 8 18 5 315 24 278 12 43 37

 Pacific .......................................... 274 223 15 29 7 587 57 511 20 99 109

White

Northeast ...................................... 17,015 14,784 165 1,375 692 4,262 469 3,500 293 783 228

 New England ............................... 4,997 4,316 49 418 214 1,314 128 1,087 100 206 60

 Middle Atlantic ............................. 12,017 10,468 115 956 478 2,948 342 2,413 193 577 168

Midwest ........................................ 22,944 19,910 280 1,872 883 5,564 468 4,739 358 769 254

 East North Central ....................... 15,635 13,623 187 1,198 628 3,764 324 3,205 234 554 174

 West North Central ...................... 7,307 6,285 93 674 255 1,800 143 1,533 124 216 80

South ............................................ 30,128 26,242 408 2,386 1,092 5,723 567 4,744 412 1,170 287

 South Atlantic .............................. 15,232 13,387 199 1,139 507 2,895 291 2,403 201 512 128

 East South Central ...................... 5,107 4,390 70 433 214 985 80 826 80 215 50

 West South Central ..................... 9,788 8,464 140 813 371 1,842 196 1,515 131 442 109

West ............................................. 19,498 16,897 338 1,568 696 4,698 664 3,721 313 1,065 278

 Mountain ...................................... 6,044 5,265 95 472 212 1,424 153 1,175 95 246 69

 Pacific .......................................... 13,446 11,624 243 1,096 483 3,273 512 2,544 217 820 209

Black

Northeast ...................................... 2,104 1,825 19 170 89 389 115 256 17 281 56

 New England ............................... 294 263 4 19 10 60 16 41 3 34 7

 Middle Atlantic ............................. 1,810 1,563 16 152 80 328 99 215 14 247 50

Midwest ........................................ 2,049 1,769 25 164 91 387 82 282 23 229 44

 East North Central ....................... 1,690 1,468 22 125 75 318 70 231 17 188 37

 West North Central ...................... 360 302 4 39 16 69 12 51 6 3 ( ) 3 ( )

South ............................................ 6,775 5,831 105 563 277 1,089 263 761 65 693 114

 South Atlantic .............................. 4,013 3,477 61 318 158 590 135 425 30 379 62

 East South Central ...................... 1,262 1,069 23 112 59 210 48 146 16 137 26

 West South Central ..................... 1,501 1,286 21 133 61 289 80 190 19 177 25

West ............................................. 990 853 13 81 42 184 47 126 11 122 21

 Mountain ...................................... 177 155 2 15 5 37 10 26 2 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Pacific .......................................... 814 699 11 67 36 147 37 101 9 107 18

Hispanic origin

Northeast ...................................... 1,529 1,360 17 107 45 298 68 216 15 158 32

 New England ............................... 211 187 3 15 6 41 11 27 3 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 Middle Atlantic ............................. 1,318 1,174 14 92 39 257 56 189 12 137 25

Midwest ........................................ 874 778 17 52 27 147 32 108 7 52 16

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Census regions and divisions: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin,

1997 annual averages — Continued

(In thousands)

Population group and area

Employed1 Unemployed

Full-time workers Part-time workers

Looking for

full-time

work

Looking for

part-time

Total work

35

hours

or

more

At work

Not

at

work

Total

At work2

Not

at

work

1 to 34 hours Part time

for

economic

reasons

Part time

for

noneconomic

reasons

Economic

reasons

Noneconomic

reasons

Hispanic origin–Continued

 East North Central ....................... 710 635 14 39 22 104 22 77 5 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 West North Central ...................... 165 143 3 13 5 42 10 31 2 3 ( ) 3 ( )

South ............................................ 3,700 3,222 81 276 120 617 138 450 29 273 46

 South Atlantic .............................. 1,385 1,222 28 96 38 217 54 155 8 84 13

 East South Central ...................... 74 66 1 4 3 12 2 9 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

 West South Central ..................... 2,239 1,932 53 176 79 387 82 285 20 185 33

West ............................................. 4,629 4,049 129 319 132 921 256 618 48 403 87

 Mountain ...................................... 1,088 957 26 71 34 214 48 154 12 64 15

 Pacific .......................................... 3,544 3,094 103 249 97 708 208 464 36 340 72

1 Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their

usual weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work

during the reference week. Persons absent from work are classified according to

their usual status. 2 Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason for

working part time. 3 Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS publication

standards of reliability for the particular area, based on the sample in that area. 

See appendix B.

 NOTE: Items may not add to totals because of rounding. Detail for race and

Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the "other races"

group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black

population groups.
Table 3. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by occupation, 1997 annual

averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status and occupation

Northeast Midwest South West

Total New

England

Middle

Atlantic Total

East

North

Central

West

North

Central

Total South

Atlantic

East

South

Central

West

South

Central

Total Mountain Pacific

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Managerial and professional specialty ................... 7,906 2,265 5,641 8,864 6,169 2,695 12,848 6,978 2,025 3,846 8,817 2,344 6,474

 Executive, administrative, and managerial ........... 3,803 1,075 2,728 4,289 2,987 1,302 6,311 3,467 997 1,847 4,391 1,176 3,215

 Professional specialty .......................................... 4,103 1,190 2,913 4,576 3,182 1,393 6,537 3,511 1,028 1,999 4,426 1,168 3,259

 Engineers ........................................................... 367 124 243 499 385 114 677 361 96 220 522 136 386

 Mathematical and computer scientists ............... 324 110 215 317 220 97 508 321 55 132 362 89 272

 Health diagnosing occupations ........................... 253 73 180 242 178 64 329 178 56 95 212 54 158

 Health assessment and treating occupations ..... 643 193 450 752 527 226 976 512 172 293 554 157 398

 Teachers, except college and university ............ 959 244 715 1,100 741 360 1,843 927 309 606 1,002 274 728

Technical, sales, and administrative support .......... 7,817 2,084 5,733 9,510 6,597 2,912 13,792 7,245 2,257 4,290 8,826 2,549 6,276

 Technicians and related support .......................... 825 229 596 1,056 728 328 1,503 790 252 462 933 278 654

 Health technologists and technicians ................. 359 91 268 460 319 141 617 315 125 177 301 82 218

 Engineering and science technicians ................. 213 67 145 320 223 97 427 222 63 141 315 102 212

 Sales occupations ................................................ 3,097 821 2,276 3,881 2,676 1,205 5,802 3,045 974 1,783 3,764 1,070 2,693

 Supervisors and proprietors ............................... 858 213 645 1,113 750 364 1,671 852 289 530 1,086 295 790

 Sales representatives, finance and business

services ............................................................ 573 159 414 599 413 186 891 524 108 259 630 178 452

 Sales representatives, commodities, except

retail .................................................................. 308 87 221 389 287 102 502 247 93 162 344 96 248

 Sales workers, retail and personal services ....... 1,348 359 989 1,755 1,208 547 2,701 1,407 474 820 1,677 495 1,181

 Administrative support, including clerical .............. 3,895 1,034 2,861 4,573 3,194 1,379 6,487 3,410 1,031 2,045 4,129 1,200 2,928

 Computer equipment operators .......................... 102 2 ( ) 74 80 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 151 81 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 71 2 ( ) 53

 Secretaries, stenographers, and typists ............. 851 203 648 981 696 284 1,296 684 222 390 700 221 479

 Financial records processing .............................. 434 128 305 531 359 172 778 392 129 257 508 150 358

 Mail and message distributing ............................ 213 52 161 236 162 74 354 186 55 112 220 53 167

Service occupations ............................................... 3,829 966 2,863 4,431 3,050 1,381 6,404 3,300 1,017 2,087 4,122 1,242 2,879

 Private household ................................................. 157 2 ( ) 125 144 99 2 ( ) 322 165 44 113 245 49 196

 Protective service ................................................. 575 120 455 499 376 123 832 445 122 265 484 148 335

 Service, except private household and protective 3,098 815 2,283 3,788 2,575 1,213 5,251 2,690 851 1,709 3,394 1,045 2,347

 Food service ....................................................... 1,197 335 862 1,618 1,105 513 2,194 1,170 356 668 1,541 481 1,059

 Health service ..................................................... 650 165 485 626 432 194 869 411 147 311 431 126 305

 Cleaning and building service ............................. 667 163 504 794 559 235 1,174 612 176 385 721 215 506

 Personal service ................................................. 583 151 432 750 480 270 1,014 497 171 345 700 223 477

Precision production, craft, and repair .................... 2,567 757 1,809 3,638 2,532 1,106 5,480 2,765 955 1,759 3,155 963 2,190

 Mechanics and repairers ...................................... 825 219 606 1,135 767 369 1,849 962 292 595 1,032 300 732

 Construction trades .............................................. 974 298 676 1,327 895 432 2,212 1,151 374 688 1,270 418 851

Operators, fabricators, and laborers ....................... 3,455 900 2,556 5,385 3,966 1,420 7,208 3,483 1,563 2,162 3,838 988 2,851

 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .. 1,485 425 1,061 2,519 1,942 578 2,990 1,440 730 820 1,518 331 1,188

 Transportation and material moving occupations 984 226 758 1,410 987 423 2,184 1,038 433 712 1,116 330 787

 Motor vehicle operators ...................................... 808 180 628 1,035 721 314 1,614 788 303 524 849 244 605

 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ............................................................. 986 248 737 1,456 1,037 419 2,035 1,005 400 630 1,203 327 876

 Construction laborers ......................................... 163 44 119 237 164 73 342 186 60 96 236 73 162

Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................. 404 124 280 1,020 459 559 1,249 540 221 488 1,096 294 802

 Farm operators and managers ............................. 89 2 ( ) 65 577 203 373 425 151 88 187 233 95 138

EMPLOYED

Managerial and professional specialty ................... 7,724 2,226 5,498 8,721 6,059 2,662 12,614 6,846 1,997 3,771 8,615 2,298 6,317

 Executive, administrative, and managerial ........... 3,711 1,054 2,657 4,223 2,934 1,289 6,206 3,406 986 1,815 4,295 1,152 3,144

 Professional specialty .......................................... 4,013 1,172 2,841 4,499 3,125 1,373 6,408 3,440 1,012 1,956 4,320 1,146 3,174

 Engineers ........................................................... 361 123 238 493 381 112 665 356 93 216 516 135 382

 Mathematical and computer scientists ............... 319 108 210 315 218 97 503 319 54 131 356 89 268

 Health diagnosing occupations ........................... 250 72 178 241 178 63 325 176 56 94 211 54 157

 Health assessment and treating occupations ..... 634 192 442 742 520 223 963 504 170 289 546 155 391

 Teachers, except college and university ............ 936 239 697 1,081 725 356 1,803 904 304 594 976 268 709

Technical, sales, and administrative support .......... 7,449 2,001 5,447 9,217 6,379 2,837 13,219 6,956 2,163 4,099 8,415 2,448 5,966

 Technicians and related support .......................... 801 222 579 1,034 712 322 1,470 770 246 454 908 275 633

 Health technologists and technicians ................. 347 88 259 452 314 139 599 303 123 174 295 81 214

 Engineering and science technicians ................. 209 66 142 312 216 95 419 219 61 139 306 101 205

 Sales occupations ................................................ 2,937 786 2,151 3,733 2,568 1,166 5,494 2,896 918 1,680 3,565 1,018 2,547

 Supervisors and proprietors ............................... 839 209 630 1,095 736 358 1,639 837 285 517 1,061 289 772

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by occupation, 1997 annual

averages — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status and occupation

Northeast Midwest South West

Total New

England

Middle

Atlantic Total

East

North

Central

West

North

Central

Total South

Atlantic

East

South

Central

West

South

Central

Total Mountain Pacific

EMPLOYED–Continued

 Sales representatives, finance and business

services ............................................................ 551 155 396 583 402 181 866 510 105 251 613 172 441

 Sales representatives, commodities, except

retail .................................................................. 300 84 217 384 283 101 491 240 91 160 332 93 239

 Sales workers, retail and personal services ....... 1,237 335 903 1,649 1,129 519 2,464 1,296 427 741 1,535 460 1,075

 Administrative support, including clerical .............. 3,710 993 2,717 4,450 3,100 1,349 6,255 3,290 1,000 1,965 3,942 1,155 2,786

 Computer equipment operators .......................... 98 2 ( ) 72 79 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 146 77 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 69 2 ( ) 51

 Secretaries, stenographers, and typists ............. 814 195 619 955 675 281 1,252 659 214 378 670 213 456

 Financial records processing .............................. 417 122 295 522 351 171 758 381 125 252 498 147 351

 Mail and message distributing ............................ 200 50 150 229 157 72 340 179 54 107 208 51 158

Service occupations ............................................... 3,567 913 2,654 4,181 2,878 1,303 5,956 3,091 934 1,931 3,828 1,172 2,655

 Private household ................................................. 143 2 ( ) 114 133 91 2 ( ) 295 151 40 104 224 45 179

 Protective service ................................................. 548 116 432 484 365 119 809 435 119 256 458 141 316

 Service, except private household and protective 2,875 767 2,108 3,564 2,422 1,142 4,852 2,505 776 1,571 3,147 985 2,160

 Food service ....................................................... 1,101 311 790 1,503 1,030 473 1,983 1,072 318 593 1,410 447 962

 Health service ..................................................... 612 157 455 601 413 188 820 390 138 292 413 121 292

 Cleaning and building service ............................. 619 154 466 742 520 222 1,078 567 158 353 667 203 464

 Personal service ................................................. 544 145 398 718 459 258 969 475 162 333 656 213 443

Precision production, craft, and repair .................... 2,426 716 1,710 3,498 2,432 1,066 5,229 2,659 899 1,671 2,968 921 2,046

 Mechanics and repairers ...................................... 792 209 584 1,108 748 360 1,785 935 278 573 988 291 697

 Construction trades .............................................. 892 276 615 1,244 836 409 2,075 1,091 345 639 1,165 394 771

Operators, fabricators, and laborers ....................... 3,169 835 2,334 5,027 3,693 1,335 6,682 3,241 1,441 2,001 3,518 924 2,595

 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .. 1,385 403 982 2,381 1,830 552 2,781 1,342 673 766 1,415 315 1,101

 Transportation and material moving occupations 923 211 712 1,343 942 402 2,083 989 412 682 1,039 311 727

 Motor vehicle operators ...................................... 761 169 592 991 692 299 1,543 753 288 502 794 232 561

 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ............................................................. 862 222 640 1,303 921 381 1,818 909 356 553 1,065 298 767

 Construction laborers ......................................... 122 36 86 196 131 65 293 159 51 83 199 66 133

Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................. 361 113 248 980 434 545 1,175 506 209 460 986 276 710

 Farm operators and managers ............................. 88 2 ( ) 64 574 201 372 423 149 87 187 232 95 137

UNEMPLOYED

Managerial and professional specialty ................... 182 39 143 143 109 34 234 132 27 75 202 45 157

 Executive, administrative, and managerial ........... 92 21 71 66 53 13 105 61 11 32 95 24 71

 Professional specialty .......................................... 90 18 72 77 57 20 129 71 16 42 107 21 86

 Engineers ........................................................... 6 1 5 6 4 2 12 5 34624

 Mathematical and computer scientists ............... 6 1 5 2 1 3 ( ) 5 3 1 2 5 1 4

 Health diagnosing occupations ........................... 3 1 2 1 1 3 ( ) 4 2 3 ( ) 1 1 3 ( ) 1

 Health assessment and treating occupations ..... 9 1 8 10 7 3 14 8 24826

 Teachers, except college and university ............ 23 5 18 19 16 4 40 23 5 12 26 6 19

Technical, sales, and administrative support .......... 369 83 286 293 218 75 573 289 94 191 410 100 310

 Technicians and related support .......................... 24 6 17 22 16 6 33 20 6 8 25 3 22

 Health technologists and technicians ................. 12 3 9 8 5 2 18 13 23624

 Engineering and science technicians ................. 4 1 3 8717322927

 Sales occupations ................................................ 160 35 125 147 108 39 308 149 56 103 198 52 146

 Supervisors and proprietors ............................... 18 4 14 18 13 5 32 16 4 13 25 7 18

 Sales representatives, finance and business

services ............................................................ 22 4 19 16 11 5 25 14 3 8 17 6 11

 Sales representatives, commodities, except

retail .................................................................. 8 3 5 5 4 1 11 7 2 2 12 4 9

 Sales workers, retail and personal services ....... 111 24 87 106 79 28 237 111 47 79 141 35 106

 Administrative support, including clerical .............. 185 41 144 124 94 30 232 120 31 81 187 45 142

 Computer equipment operators .......................... 4 2 ( ) 2 1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 6 4 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 2 ( ) 2

 Secretaries, stenographers, and typists ............. 37 8 28 25 21 4 44 25 8 12 31 8 23

 Financial records processing .............................. 17 7 11 8 8 1 20 10 4 6 10 3 8

 Mail and message distributing ............................ 13 1 12 7 5 2 13 7 1 5 12 2 10

Service occupations ............................................... 262 54 209 250 171 78 449 209 84 156 294 70 224

 Private household ................................................. 13 2 ( ) 12 11 8 2 ( ) 27 14 5 9 21 3 18

 Protective service ................................................. 26 4 22 14 11 4 22 10 4 9 26 7 19

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by occupation, 1997 annual

averages — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status and occupation

Northeast Midwest South West

Total New

England

Middle

Atlantic Total

East

North

Central

West

North

Central

Total South

Atlantic

East

South

Central

West

South

Central

Total Mountain Pacific

UNEMPLOYED–Continued

 Service, except private household and protective 222 48 175 224 153 71 399 185 75 138 247 60 187

 Food service ....................................................... 96 24 72 115 75 40 211 97 39 75 131 34 97

 Health service ..................................................... 38 8 30 25 19 6 48 20 9 19 18 5 13

 Cleaning and building service ............................. 48 10 39 52 39 13 95 45 18 32 54 12 42

 Personal service ................................................. 40 6 34 32 20 12 45 23 9 13 44 9 35

Precision production, craft, and repair .................... 141 41 100 140 100 41 251 106 55 89 187 42 144

 Mechanics and repairers ...................................... 32 10 22 28 19 9 63 27 14 23 44 9 34

 Construction trades .............................................. 82 22 60 82 59 23 137 60 29 48 105 25 80

Operators, fabricators, and laborers ....................... 286 64 222 358 273 85 526 242 122 161 319 64 256

 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .. 100 22 78 138 112 26 209 98 57 54 104 17 87

 Transportation and material moving occupations 61 15 46 66 45 21 100 49 21 30 77 18 59

 Motor vehicle operators ...................................... 47 11 35 44 29 15 72 35 15 22 55 11 44

 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ............................................................. 124 27 98 154 116 38 217 95 44 77 138 29 109

 Construction laborers ......................................... 41 8 33 41 33 8 49 27 9 13 36 7 30

Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................. 43 11 31 40 26 14 74 33 13 28 111 18 93

 Farm operators and managers ............................. 1 2 ( ) 1 3 2 1 2 2 1 3 ( ) 1 3 ( ) 1

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE

Managerial and professional specialty ................... 2.3 1.7 2.5 1.6 1.8 1.2 1.8 1.9 1.3 1.9 2.3 1.9 2.4

 Executive, administrative, and managerial ........... 2.4 2.0 2.6 1.5 1.8 1.0 1.7 1.8 1.1 1.8 2.2 2.0 2.2

 Professional specialty .......................................... 2.2 1.5 2.5 1.7 1.8 1.4 2.0 2.0 1.6 2.1 2.4 1.8 2.6

 Engineers ........................................................... 1.6 .8 2.1 1.2 1.0 2.0 1.7 1.3 3.2 1.8 1.1 1.1 1.1

 Mathematical and computer scientists ............... 1.7 1.0 2.1 .5 .6 .3 .9 .8 .9 1.1 1.4 .8 1.7

 Health diagnosing occupations ........................... 1.3 1.9 1.1 .4 .3 .4 1.1 1.4 3 ( ) 1.3 .3 .1 .3

 Health assessment and treating occupations ..... 1.4 .7 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.6 .9 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.6

 Teachers, except college and university ............ 2.4 1.9 2.6 1.7 2.1 1.0 2.2 2.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.3 2.6

Technical, sales, and administrative support .......... 4.7 4.0 5.0 3.1 3.3 2.6 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.4 4.6 3.9 4.9

 Technicians and related support .......................... 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.1 2.2 1.8 2.2 2.5 2.3 1.6 2.7 1.2 3.3

 Health technologists and technicians ................. 3.4 3.2 3.4 1.7 1.6 1.7 2.9 4.1 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.0

 Engineering and science technicians ................. 1.8 1.6 1.9 2.5 3.0 1.4 1.7 1.4 3.4 1.5 2.8 1.6 3.3

 Sales occupations ................................................ 5.2 4.3 5.5 3.8 4.1 3.2 5.3 4.9 5.8 5.8 5.3 4.8 5.4

 Supervisors and proprietors ............................... 2.1 1.8 2.2 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.9 1.8 1.2 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.3

 Sales representatives, finance and business

services ............................................................ 3.9 2.3 4.5 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.5 3.2 2.7 3.2 2.5

 Sales representatives, commodities, except

retail .................................................................. 2.5 3.6 2.1 1.4 1.5 1.1 2.2 2.8 2.3 1.4 3.5 3.6 3.5

 Sales workers, retail and personal services ....... 8.2 6.8 8.7 6.1 6.6 5.0 8.8 7.9 10.0 9.6 8.4 7.0 9.0

 Administrative support, including clerical .............. 4.7 3.9 5.0 2.7 2.9 2.2 3.6 3.5 3.1 3.9 4.5 3.7 4.9

 Computer equipment operators .......................... 3.6 2 ( ) 2.9 1.4 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3.8 4.8 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3.2 2 ( ) 3.5

 Secretaries, stenographers, and typists ............. 4.3 4.0 4.4 2.6 3.1 1.4 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.1 4.4 3.5 4.8

 Financial records processing .............................. 4.0 5.1 3.5 1.6 2.1 .4 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.2 2.0 1.7 2.1

 Mail and message distributing ............................ 6.2 2.8 7.3 3.1 3.4 2.7 3.8 3.8 2.6 4.5 5.3 3.9 5.7

Service occupations ............................................... 6.8 5.5 7.3 5.6 5.6 5.7 7.0 6.3 8.2 7.5 7.1 5.6 7.8

 Private household ................................................. 8.6 2 ( ) 9.3 7.8 8.3 2 ( ) 8.4 8.2 10.7 7.8 8.5 6.4 9.0

 Protective service ................................................. 4.5 3.1 4.9 2.9 2.8 3.1 2.7 2.2 3.0 3.4 5.4 4.7 5.7

 Service, except private household and protective 7.2 5.9 7.6 5.9 5.9 5.9 7.6 6.9 8.8 8.1 7.3 5.7 8.0

 Food service ....................................................... 8.0 7.2 8.4 7.1 6.8 7.8 9.6 8.3 10.8 11.2 8.5 7.0 9.1

 Health service ..................................................... 5.9 4.9 6.2 4.0 4.4 3.2 5.6 4.9 6.3 6.0 4.2 3.8 4.4

 Cleaning and building service ............................. 7.2 5.8 7.7 6.6 6.9 5.7 8.1 7.4 10.3 8.4 7.4 5.4 8.4

 Personal service ................................................. 6.8 4.0 7.8 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.6 5.5 3.6 6.3 4.1 7.3

Precision production, craft, and repair .................... 5.5 5.5 5.5 3.9 3.9 3.7 4.6 3.9 5.8 5.0 5.9 4.4 6.6

 Mechanics and repairers ...................................... 3.9 4.6 3.7 2.4 2.4 2.4 3.4 2.8 4.7 3.8 4.2 3.1 4.7

 Construction trades .............................................. 8.5 7.4 8.9 6.2 6.6 5.3 6.2 5.2 7.8 7.0 8.2 5.9 9.4

Operators, fabricators, and laborers ....................... 8.3 7.1 8.7 6.7 6.9 6.0 7.3 7.0 7.8 7.4 8.3 6.4 9.0

 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .. 6.7 5.2 7.4 5.5 5.8 4.5 7.0 6.8 7.8 6.6 6.8 4.9 7.4

 Transportation and material moving occupations 6.2 6.8 6.1 4.7 4.6 5.0 4.6 4.7 4.9 4.2 6.9 5.4 7.5

 Motor vehicle operators ...................................... 5.8 6.3 5.6 4.3 4.1 4.7 4.4 4.5 4.8 4.1 6.5 4.6 7.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by occupation, 1997 annual

averages — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status and occupation

Northeast Midwest South West

Total New

England

Middle

Atlantic Total

East

North

Central

West

North

Central

Total South

Atlantic

East

South

Central

West

South

Central

Total Mountain Pacific

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE–Continued

 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ............................................................. 12.6 10.7 13.2 10.6 11.2 9.0 10.7 9.5 11.1 12.2 11.5 8.8 12.5

 Construction laborers ......................................... 24.9 17.9 27.5 17.2 20.2 10.7 14.3 14.5 15.1 13.4 15.4 9.2 18.3

Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................. 10.6 9.2 11.2 3.9 5.6 2.5 5.9 6.2 5.7 5.6 10.1 6.2 11.6

 Farm operators and managers ............................. 1.3 2 ( ) 1.7 .5 1.1 .2 .5 1.0 .8 3 ( ) .6 .3 .8

1 Excludes persons with no previous work experience. 2 Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS

publication standards of reliability for the particular area, based on the sample in

that area. See appendix B.

3 Less than 500 persons.

 NOTE: Totals for the summary groups published include other occupations

not shown separately. Items may not compute to displayed rates because of

rounding.
Table 4. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed persons by occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin,

1997 annual averages

Population group and occupation

Northeast Midwest South West

Total New

England

Middle

Atlantic Total

East

North

Central

West

North

Central

Total South

Atlantic

East

South

Central

West

South

Central

Total Mountain Pacific

TOTAL

Total (in thousands) ................................................ 24,696 6,804 17,892 31,625 21,876 9,748 44,875 23,300 7,643 13,932 28,330 8,039 20,289

 Percent .............................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Managerial and professional specialty ................... 31.3 32.7 30.7 27.6 27.7 27.3 28.1 29.4 26.1 27.1 30.4 28.6 31.1

 Executive, administrative, and managerial ........... 15.0 15.5 14.9 13.4 13.4 13.2 13.8 14.6 12.9 13.0 15.2 14.3 15.5

 Professional specialty .......................................... 16.3 17.2 15.9 14.2 14.3 14.1 14.3 14.8 13.2 14.0 15.2 14.3 15.6

 Engineers ........................................................... 1.5 1.8 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.9

 Mathematical and computer scientists ............... 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.4 .7 .9 1.3 1.1 1.3

 Health diagnosing occupations ........................... 1.0 1.1 1.0 .8 .8 .6 .7 .8 .7 .7 .7 .7 .8

 Health assessment and treating occupations ..... 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.9

 Teachers, except college and university ............ 3.8 3.5 3.9 3.4 3.3 3.7 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.3 3.4 3.3 3.5

Technical, sales, and administrative support .......... 30.2 29.4 30.4 29.1 29.2 29.1 29.5 29.9 28.3 29.4 29.7 30.5 29.4

 Technicians and related support .......................... 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.1

 Health technologists and technicians ................. 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1

 Engineering and science technicians ................. .8 1.0 .8 1.0 1.0 1.0 .9 .9 .8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.0

 Sales occupations ................................................ 11.9 11.6 12.0 11.8 11.7 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.0 12.1 12.6 12.7 12.6

 Supervisors and proprietors ............................... 3.4 3.1 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.8

 Sales representatives, finance and business

services ............................................................ 2.2 2.3 2.2 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.2 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.1 2.2

 Sales representatives, commodities, except

retail .................................................................. 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2

 Sales workers, retail and personal services ....... 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.3 5.4 5.7 5.3

 Administrative support, including clerical .............. 15.0 14.6 15.2 14.1 14.2 13.8 13.9 14.1 13.1 14.1 13.9 14.4 13.7

 Computer equipment operators .......................... .4 .4 .4 .3 .2 .3 .3 .3 .4 .3 .2 .2 .2

 Secretaries, stenographers, and typists ............. 3.3 2.9 3.5 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.7 2.2

 Financial records processing .............................. 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7

 Mail and message distributing ............................ .8 .7 .8 .7 .7 .7 .8 .8 .7 .8 .7 .6 .8

Service occupations ............................................... 14.4 13.4 14.8 13.2 13.2 13.4 13.3 13.3 12.2 13.9 13.5 14.6 13.1

 Private household ................................................. .6 .4 .6 .4 .4 .4 .7 .6 .5 .7 .8 .6 .9

 Protective service ................................................. 2.2 1.7 2.4 1.5 1.7 1.2 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.6

 Service, except private household and protective 11.6 11.3 11.8 11.3 11.1 11.7 10.8 10.8 10.1 11.3 11.1 12.3 10.6

 Food service ....................................................... 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.4 4.6 4.2 4.3 5.0 5.6 4.7

 Health service ..................................................... 2.5 2.3 2.5 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8 2.1 1.5 1.5 1.4

 Cleaning and building service ............................. 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.3

 Personal service ................................................. 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.6 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.7 2.2

Precision production, craft, and repair .................... 9.8 10.5 9.6 11.1 11.1 10.9 11.7 11.4 11.8 12.0 10.5 11.5 10.1

 Mechanics and repairers ...................................... 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.7 4.0 4.0 3.6 4.1 3.5 3.6 3.4

 Construction trades .............................................. 3.6 4.1 3.4 3.9 3.8 4.2 4.6 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.1 4.9 3.8

Operators, fabricators, and laborers ....................... 12.8 12.3 13.0 15.9 16.9 13.7 14.9 13.9 18.8 14.4 12.4 11.5 12.8

 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .. 5.6 5.9 5.5 7.5 8.4 5.7 6.2 5.8 8.8 5.5 5.0 3.9 5.4

 Transportation and material moving occupations 3.7 3.1 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.6 4.2 5.4 4.9 3.7 3.9 3.6

 Motor vehicle operators ...................................... 3.1 2.5 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.8 3.6 2.8 2.9 2.8

 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ............................................................. 3.5 3.3 3.6 4.1 4.2 3.9 4.1 3.9 4.7 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.8

 Construction laborers ......................................... .5 .5 .5 .6 .6 .7 .7 .7 .7 .6 .7 .8 .7

Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................. 1.5 1.7 1.4 3.1 2.0 5.6 2.6 2.2 2.7 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.5

 Farm operators and managers ............................. .4 .4 .4 1.8 .9 3.8 .9 .6 1.1 1.3 .8 1.2 .7

Men

Total (in thousands) ................................................ 13,096 3,546 9,550 16,860 11,717 5,143 24,030 12,371 4,052 7,607 15,681 4,413 11,267

 Percent .............................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Managerial and professional specialty ................... 30.4 31.4 30.0 26.1 26.6 24.8 26.4 27.8 24.5 25.2 28.9 27.2 29.5

 Executive, administrative, and managerial ........... 16.2 16.2 16.3 13.8 14.0 13.5 14.5 15.4 14.0 13.5 14.8 14.2 15.0

 Professional specialty .......................................... 14.1 15.2 13.7 12.2 12.6 11.3 11.9 12.5 10.6 11.7 14.1 13.0 14.5

 Engineers ........................................................... 2.5 3.2 2.3 2.6 2.9 2.0 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.6 2.9 2.8 3.0

 Mathematical and computer scientists ............... 1.7 2.0 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.7 .9 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.7

 Health diagnosing occupations ........................... 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.2 .9 1.0 1.1 1.1 .9 1.0 .9 1.0

 Health assessment and treating occupations ..... .7 .6 .7 .5 .5 .4 .6 .5 .6 .7 .5 .5 .5

 Teachers, except college and university ............ 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8

Technical, sales, and administrative support .......... 20.5 19.9 20.7 18.7 18.5 19.2 19.6 20.0 17.7 19.9 20.6 20.3 20.7

 Technicians and related support .......................... 2.8 3.0 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.4 2.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 4. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed persons by occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin,

1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and occupation

Northeast Midwest South West

Total New

England

Middle

Atlantic Total

East

North

Central

West

North

Central

Total South

Atlantic

East

South

Central

West

South

Central

Total Mountain Pacific

Men–Continued

 Health technologists and technicians ................. .5 .5 .5 .4 .4 .4 .5 .5 .7 .5 .5 .5 .5

 Engineering and science technicians ................. 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.4

 Sales occupations ................................................ 11.4 11.0 11.6 10.8 10.6 11.2 11.2 11.6 10.3 11.0 11.7 11.6 11.7

 Supervisors and proprietors ............................... 4.1 3.6 4.3 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.4 4.0 3.9 4.0

 Sales representatives, finance and business

services ............................................................ 2.4 2.5 2.4 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.3 1.5 1.8 2.2 2.1 2.3

 Sales representatives, commodities, except

retail .................................................................. 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

 Sales workers, retail and personal services ....... 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.0 3.2 3.9 3.9 3.8

 Administrative support, including clerical .............. 6.3 6.0 6.5 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.4 5.4 4.4 5.9 5.8 5.3 6.0

 Computer equipment operators .......................... .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2

 Secretaries, stenographers, and typists ............. .1 .1 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1

 Financial records processing .............................. .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3

 Mail and message distributing ............................ 1.0 .9 1.1 .8 .8 .9 .8 .8 .7 .9 .8 .8 .9

Service occupations ............................................... 11.9 10.8 12.3 9.2 9.4 8.8 9.4 10.1 8.2 9.1 11.0 12.1 10.6

 Private household ................................................. 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) .1 .1 1 ( ) .1 .1 .1 .1

 Protective service ................................................. 3.6 2.9 3.8 2.3 2.5 1.9 2.7 2.8 2.3 2.7 2.4 2.7 2.3

 Service, except private household and protective 8.3 7.8 8.4 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.7 7.2 5.8 6.3 8.6 9.3 8.3

 Food service ....................................................... 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.6 2.8 2.9 4.6 5.1 4.5

 Health service ..................................................... .6 .4 .7 .3 .3 .4 .3 .3 .3 .4 .4 .5 .4

 Cleaning and building service ............................. 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 1.9 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4

 Personal service ................................................. .9 .7 .9 .6 .6 .7 .7 .8 .8 .5 1.0 1.2 1.0

Precision production, craft, and repair .................... 16.9 18.2 16.4 18.8 18.8 18.7 19.9 19.7 19.7 20.3 17.3 19.2 16.6

 Mechanics and repairers ...................................... 5.8 5.6 5.9 6.3 6.2 6.7 7.1 7.2 6.6 7.2 6.1 6.3 5.9

 Construction trades .............................................. 6.7 7.6 6.3 7.1 6.9 7.7 8.4 8.7 8.2 8.2 7.3 8.7 6.7

Operators, fabricators, and laborers ....................... 18.2 17.1 18.6 22.6 23.7 20.1 20.7 19.1 25.7 20.5 17.2 16.3 17.6

 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .. 6.5 6.8 6.4 9.5 10.6 7.2 6.7 6.0 9.6 6.4 5.7 4.6 6.1

 Transportation and material moving occupations 6.3 5.3 6.7 7.2 7.3 7.1 7.8 7.2 9.3 8.1 6.0 6.3 5.9

 Motor vehicle operators ...................................... 5.1 4.1 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.7 5.4 6.3 5.8 4.5 4.6 4.5

 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ............................................................. 5.3 5.0 5.5 5.9 5.9 5.8 6.1 6.0 6.8 6.0 5.5 5.4 5.6

 Construction laborers ......................................... .9 1.0 .9 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.1

Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................. 2.2 2.6 2.0 4.7 3.0 8.5 4.0 3.4 4.3 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0

 Farm operators and managers ............................. .5 .5 .5 2.7 1.4 5.7 1.4 .9 1.7 1.9 1.1 1.6 .9

Women

Total (in thousands) ................................................ 11,600 3,258 8,342 14,765 10,159 4,605 20,845 10,929 3,591 6,325 12,649 3,626 9,022

 Percent .............................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Managerial and professional specialty ................... 32.3 34.2 31.6 29.3 29.0 30.1 30.1 31.2 27.9 29.4 32.3 30.3 33.1

 Executive, administrative, and managerial ........... 13.7 14.7 13.2 12.8 12.8 12.9 13.0 13.8 11.7 12.5 15.6 14.5 16.1

 Professional specialty .......................................... 18.7 19.5 18.3 16.5 16.2 17.2 17.0 17.4 16.2 16.9 16.7 15.8 17.1

 Engineers ........................................................... .3 .3 .2 .3 .4 .2 .3 .3 .2 .3 .4 .3 .5

 Mathematical and computer scientists ............... .9 1.2 .8 .6 .6 .6 .8 1.0 .5 .5 .8 .6 .9

 Health diagnosing occupations ........................... .6 .7 .5 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .4 .5 .4 .5

 Health assessment and treating occupations ..... 4.7 5.2 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.4 3.9 4.1 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.7

 Teachers, except college and university ............ 6.0 5.6 6.2 5.5 5.3 6.0 6.8 6.5 7.0 7.4 5.5 5.3 5.6

Technical, sales, and administrative support .......... 41.1 39.7 41.6 41.1 41.5 40.2 40.9 41.1 40.3 40.9 41.0 42.8 40.3

 Technicians and related support .......................... 3.8 3.6 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.4

 Health technologists and technicians ................. 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.6 2.2 1.7 1.6 1.7

 Engineering and science technicians ................. .4 .5 .4 .5 .6 .5 .4 .5 .3 .5 .6 .6 .6

 Sales occupations ................................................ 12.4 12.2 12.5 12.9 13.0 12.8 13.5 13.4 13.9 13.3 13.7 14.0 13.6

 Supervisors and proprietors ............................... 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.9 2.7 3.2 3.0 2.9 3.3 2.9 3.5 3.2 3.6

 Sales representatives, finance and business

services ............................................................ 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.9 2.1 1.2 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.1

 Sales representatives, commodities, except

retail .................................................................. .7 .7 .7 .6 .7 .5 .6 .6 .7 .6 .6 .6 .7

 Sales workers, retail and personal services ....... 7.1 6.9 7.2 7.6 7.7 7.4 7.9 7.7 8.5 7.9 7.4 7.9 7.1

 Administrative support, including clerical .............. 24.8 24.0 25.2 24.3 24.7 23.6 23.8 24.0 22.9 24.0 24.0 25.4 23.4

 Computer equipment operators .......................... .5 .5 .5 .3 .3 .3 .4 .4 .5 .4 .3 .2 .3

 Secretaries, stenographers, and typists ............. 6.9 5.9 7.2 6.4 6.5 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.1 5.8 4.9

 Financial records processing .............................. 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 4. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed persons by occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin,

1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and occupation

Northeast Midwest South West

Total New

England

Middle

Atlantic Total

East

North

Central

West

North

Central

Total South

Atlantic

East

South

Central

West

South

Central

Total Mountain Pacific

Women–Continued

 Mail and message distributing ............................ .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 .7 .7 .6 .6 .5 .7

Service occupations ............................................... 17.3 16.2 17.7 17.8 17.5 18.4 17.7 16.9 16.8 19.6 16.6 17.6 16.1

 Private household ................................................. 1.2 .9 1.3 .9 .9 .9 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.8

 Protective service ................................................. .7 .4 .8 .6 .7 .5 .8 .8 .7 .8 .7 .6 .7

 Service, except private household and protective 15.4 15.0 15.6 16.3 15.9 17.1 15.6 14.8 15.0 17.2 14.3 15.9 13.6

 Food service ....................................................... 5.1 5.3 5.0 6.4 6.3 6.6 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.4 6.2 5.1

 Health service ..................................................... 4.6 4.3 4.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.2 3.4 4.2 2.7 2.8 2.7

 Cleaning and building service ............................. 2.1 1.7 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.1

 Personal service ................................................. 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.2 3.9 4.8 3.8 3.4 3.5 4.6 3.9 4.4 3.7

Precision production, craft, and repair .................... 1.9 2.2 1.7 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.9 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.0

 Mechanics and repairers ...................................... .2 .3 .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3

 Construction trades .............................................. .1 .2 .1 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .4 .2 .2 .2 .2

Operators, fabricators, and laborers ....................... 6.8 7.0 6.7 8.2 9.0 6.6 8.2 8.0 11.2 7.0 6.5 5.6 6.8

 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .. 4.6 4.9 4.5 5.3 5.8 4.0 5.6 5.5 7.9 4.4 4.2 3.1 4.6

 Transportation and material moving occupations .8 .7 .8 .8 .9 .8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 .8 .9 .7

 Motor vehicle operators ...................................... .7 .7 .8 .7 .7 .6 .9 .8 .9 .9 .7 .8 .7

 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ............................................................. 1.4 1.4 1.4 2.1 2.3 1.8 1.7 1.5 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

 Construction laborers ......................................... 1 ( ) .1 1 ( ) .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 1 ( ) .1 .1 .1

Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................. .7 .6 .7 1.3 .9 2.4 1.0 .8 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.6

 Farm operators and managers ............................. .2 .2 .2 .8 .4 1.8 .5 .3 .5 .7 .5 .6 .4

White

Total (in thousands) ................................................ 21,278 6,311 14,965 28,509 19,399 9,107 35,851 18,127 6,092 11,630 24,196 7,468 16,719

 Percent .............................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Managerial and professional specialty ................... 32.2 33.3 31.7 27.9 28.1 27.4 30.3 32.1 28.6 28.3 30.7 29.2 31.4

 Executive, administrative, and managerial ........... 15.7 15.9 15.6 13.7 13.9 13.4 15.2 16.3 14.3 13.9 15.4 14.7 15.8

 Professional specialty .......................................... 16.5 17.4 16.1 14.2 14.3 14.0 15.1 15.8 14.4 14.4 15.3 14.5 15.6

 Engineers ........................................................... 1.5 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7

 Mathematical and computer scientists ............... 1.3 1.5 1.2 .9 .9 .9 1.2 1.5 .7 .9 1.2 1.1 1.2

 Health diagnosing occupations ........................... 1.0 1.0 1.0 .7 .8 .6 .8 .8 .8 .7 .8 .7 .8

 Health assessment and treating occupations ..... 2.6 2.9 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.8

 Teachers, except college and university ............ 4.0 3.5 4.1 3.5 3.4 3.7 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.4 3.6 3.4 3.6

Technical, sales, and administrative support .......... 30.1 29.4 30.4 29.2 29.3 29.1 30.1 30.7 29.2 29.6 29.3 30.6 28.7

 Technicians and related support .......................... 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.5 3.0

 Health technologists and technicians ................. 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0

 Engineering and science technicians ................. .9 1.0 .8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 .8 1.1 1.0 1.3 .9

 Sales occupations ................................................ 12.3 11.9 12.5 12.0 12.0 12.1 12.9 13.4 12.8 12.2 12.6 12.8 12.5

 Supervisors and proprietors ............................... 3.6 3.2 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.3 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.8

 Sales representatives, finance and business

services ............................................................ 2.4 2.4 2.3 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.5 1.6 1.9 2.3 2.2 2.3

 Sales representatives, commodities, except

retail .................................................................. 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3

 Sales workers, retail and personal services ....... 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.3 5.0 5.2 5.7 5.0

 Administrative support, including clerical .............. 14.7 14.4 14.8 13.9 14.0 13.6 13.8 13.9 13.2 14.1 13.6 14.3 13.2

 Computer equipment operators .......................... .4 .4 .4 .3 .2 .3 .3 .3 .4 .3 .2 .2 .2

 Secretaries, stenographers, and typists ............. 3.4 2.9 3.6 3.1 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.8 2.3 2.6 2.2

 Financial records processing .............................. 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.8

 Mail and message distributing ............................ .7 .7 .7 .6 .7 .6 .6 .6 .7 .7 .6 .6 .5

Service occupations ............................................... 13.2 12.8 13.3 12.4 12.2 12.8 11.4 11.3 10.2 12.2 13.1 13.9 12.7

 Private household ................................................. .5 .4 .6 .4 .4 .4 .6 .5 .5 .7 .9 .6 1.0

 Protective service ................................................. 2.0 1.7 2.2 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.5

 Service, except private household and protective 10.6 10.7 10.6 10.6 10.3 11.3 9.2 9.0 8.4 9.8 10.7 11.7 10.2

 Food service ....................................................... 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.0 4.3 3.6 3.9 4.9 5.4 4.7

 Health service ..................................................... 1.8 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.2

 Cleaning and building service ............................. 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.6 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.2

 Personal service ................................................. 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.6 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.1

Precision production, craft, and repair .................... 10.4 10.8 10.2 11.5 11.6 11.3 12.3 12.0 12.4 12.6 10.7 11.5 10.3

 Mechanics and repairers ...................................... 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.7 3.6 3.8 4.3 4.4 4.0 4.4 3.5 3.6 3.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 4. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed persons by occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin,

1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and occupation

Northeast Midwest South West

Total New

England

Middle

Atlantic Total

East

North

Central

West

North

Central

Total South

Atlantic

East

South

Central

West

South

Central

Total Mountain Pacific

White–Continued

 Construction trades .............................................. 3.9 4.2 3.7 4.1 4.0 4.4 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.4 5.0 4.1

Operators, fabricators, and laborers ....................... 12.6 12.0 12.8 15.6 16.6 13.4 13.1 11.6 16.4 13.6 12.4 11.2 13.0

 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .. 5.5 5.7 5.4 7.3 8.2 5.4 5.3 4.7 7.4 5.2 4.9 3.7 5.4

 Transportation and material moving occupations 3.7 3.2 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.3 3.7 5.1 4.7 3.8 3.9 3.8

 Motor vehicle operators ...................................... 3.0 2.5 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 2.9 3.6 3.4 2.9 2.9 2.9

 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ............................................................. 3.4 3.2 3.5 4.1 4.2 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.8

 Construction laborers ......................................... .5 .6 .4 .6 .6 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 .8 .7

Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................. 1.6 1.7 1.6 3.4 2.2 5.9 2.9 2.3 3.1 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.9

 Farm operators and managers ............................. .4 .4 .4 2.0 1.0 4.1 1.1 .8 1.4 1.6 .9 1.3 .7

Black

Total (in thousands) ................................................ 2,492 355 2,138 2,436 2,008 430 7,865 4,603 1,472 1,790 1,174 214 961

 Percent .............................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Managerial and professional specialty ................... 21.5 22.1 21.4 21.0 20.1 25.2 17.7 18.1 15.7 18.3 27.5 19.7 29.2

 Executive, administrative, and managerial ........... 9.3 10.2 9.2 9.6 9.3 11.1 8.1 8.4 7.3 8.0 13.8 10.8 14.5

 Professional specialty .......................................... 12.2 11.9 12.2 11.4 10.8 14.1 9.6 9.7 8.4 10.3 13.6 8.9 14.7

 Engineers ........................................................... .5 .8 .5 .7 .6 1.2 .5 .5 .4 .5 1.0 .2 1.1

 Mathematical and computer scientists ............... .8 .8 .7 1.1 .9 2.1 .7 .7 .7 .9 .7 .8 .7

 Health diagnosing occupations ........................... .4 1.0 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .1 .1 .4 1 ( ) .5

 Health assessment and treating occupations ..... 2.4 1.5 2.6 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.7 1.6 .9 1.8

 Teachers, except college and university ............ 3.2 3.7 3.1 2.8 2.7 3.0 3.6 3.4 3.5 4.2 4.5 2.6 5.0

Technical, sales, and administrative support .......... 31.4 32.3 31.2 29.5 29.0 31.7 27.1 27.3 24.8 28.7 33.9 31.9 34.3

 Technicians and related support .......................... 3.2 4.4 3.0 2.7 2.8 2.1 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.4 2.8

 Health technologists and technicians ................. 1.9 2.9 1.7 1.4 1.5 .7 1.6 1.4 1.9 1.9 1.2 1.1 1.3

 Engineering and science technicians ................. .6 .7 .6 .7 .6 1.1 .7 .7 .8 .6 .7 .6 .8

 Sales occupations ................................................ 8.5 8.0 8.5 9.6 9.6 9.9 8.9 8.5 8.9 9.8 10.8 10.4 10.9

 Supervisors and proprietors ............................... 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8

 Sales representatives, finance and business

services ............................................................ 1.5 .9 1.6 1.5 1.4 2.0 1.0 1.1 .6 1.2 2.0 2.2 1.9

 Sales representatives, commodities, except

retail .................................................................. .4 .6 .4 .3 .3 .4 .3 .2 .2 .3 .7 .7 .6

 Sales workers, retail and personal services ....... 5.1 5.1 5.1 6.0 6.1 5.5 6.0 5.7 6.5 6.3 6.4 5.7 6.6

 Administrative support, including clerical .............. 19.7 19.9 19.7 17.2 16.6 19.6 15.3 15.9 12.7 15.9 20.3 19.1 20.6

 Computer equipment operators .......................... .6 .5 .6 .3 .2 .6 .4 .5 .3 .3 .4 .3 .4

 Secretaries, stenographers, and typists ............. 3.6 3.4 3.6 2.3 2.5 1.2 2.4 2.7 1.5 2.3 2.8 3.0 2.7

 Financial records processing .............................. 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.1 .8 1.0 1.0 .3 1.1

 Mail and message distributing ............................ 1.6 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.3 3.5 1.2 1.4 .8 1.3 2.1 1.2 2.3

Service occupations ............................................... 25.7 23.5 26.1 22.2 22.1 22.7 21.5 20.7 20.4 24.4 18.5 25.1 17.0

 Private household ................................................. 1.1 .9 1.1 .6 .6 .3 1.1 1.1 .6 1.3 .3 .4 .3

 Protective service ................................................. 4.3 2.8 4.5 3.2 3.1 3.3 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.5 3.5 4.1 3.3

 Service, except private household and protective 20.4 19.8 20.5 18.5 18.3 19.1 17.8 17.0 17.0 20.7 14.7 20.6 13.3

 Food service ....................................................... 3.6 4.3 3.5 4.7 4.5 5.8 5.7 5.5 6.2 5.8 4.0 7.2 3.3

 Health service ..................................................... 8.8 8.7 8.8 5.1 5.0 5.3 4.5 4.1 3.4 6.7 4.5 4.4 4.6

 Cleaning and building service ............................. 4.8 4.2 4.9 5.3 5.3 5.2 4.9 5.2 4.2 4.8 2.7 3.6 2.5

 Personal service ................................................. 3.1 2.7 3.2 3.4 3.5 2.7 2.7 2.2 3.3 3.4 3.4 5.3 3.0

Precision production, craft, and repair .................... 6.7 6.8 6.7 7.3 7.9 4.8 9.0 9.2 9.2 8.2 7.9 6.7 8.2

 Mechanics and repairers ...................................... 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.4 1.9 2.7 2.9 2.1 2.6 3.5 3.9 3.4

 Construction trades .............................................. 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.3 1.0 3.2 3.6 2.6 2.5 2.3 1.4 2.5

Operators, fabricators, and laborers ....................... 14.2 14.3 14.2 19.5 20.5 15.0 23.1 22.9 28.6 19.2 11.5 16.3 10.4

 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .. 5.3 7.4 5.0 9.7 10.3 6.9 10.0 9.7 14.4 7.2 1.9 4.1 1.4

 Transportation and material moving occupations 4.5 2.8 4.8 5.1 5.4 3.6 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.8 4.7 5.5 4.5

 Motor vehicle operators ...................................... 4.2 2.6 4.4 3.9 4.2 2.9 4.8 4.9 4.4 5.2 4.0 4.8 3.8

 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ............................................................. 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.7 4.8 4.5 6.4 6.5 7.6 5.2 4.9 6.6 4.5

 Construction laborers ......................................... .8 .1 .9 .6 .6 .9 .8 .9 .8 .8 .5 1.1 .4

Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................. .5 .9 .4 .5 .5 .6 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.3 .7 .3 .8

 Farm operators and managers ............................. 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) .2 .2 .1 .2 .2 .1 .3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 4. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed persons by occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin,

1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and occupation

Northeast Midwest South West

Total New

England

Middle

Atlantic Total

East

North

Central

West

North

Central

Total South

Atlantic

East

South

Central

West

South

Central

Total Mountain Pacific

Hispanic origin

Total (in thousands) ................................................ 1,827 252 1,575 1,021 814 207 4,317 1,602 86 2,626 5,550 1,301 4,252

 Percent .............................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Managerial and professional specialty ................... 14.2 12.2 14.5 15.5 15.7 15.0 16.7 20.4 20.7 14.3 13.1 13.5 13.0

 Executive, administrative, and managerial ........... 7.2 5.4 7.5 8.4 8.5 8.1 8.8 11.3 10.3 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.3

 Professional specialty .......................................... 7.0 6.8 7.0 7.1 7.2 6.9 7.9 9.1 10.4 7.1 5.8 6.2 5.7

 Engineers ........................................................... .3 .3 .3 .7 .7 .6 .8 1.0 .2 .7 .5 .5 .5

 Mathematical and computer scientists ............... .4 .2 .5 .8 .9 .1 .3 .7 1 ( ) .1 .3 .4 .3

 Health diagnosing occupations ........................... .4 .7 .4 .6 .7 .4 .5 .8 4.4 .2 .1 .3 1 ( )

 Health assessment and treating occupations ..... .8 .5 .9 .8 .7 1.2 .9 .7 2.0 1.0 .6 1.1 .4

 Teachers, except college and university ............ 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.2 2.6 2.2 2.2 2.9 1.8 1.7 1.9

Technical, sales, and administrative support .......... 25.2 20.4 25.9 20.9 21.7 18.0 24.6 27.0 20.6 23.2 23.2 25.6 22.4

 Technicians and related support .......................... 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.1 2.6 .4 1.8 1.9 2.6 1.7

 Health technologists and technicians ................. 1.1 1.0 1.1 .7 .8 .2 .9 1.2 .4 .7 .8 .8 .8

 Engineering and science technicians ................. .4 .3 .4 1.1 1.0 1.4 .7 .7 1 ( ) .7 .7 .9 .7

 Sales occupations ................................................ 8.8 6.3 9.2 7.6 7.8 6.5 10.1 11.9 10.2 9.1 9.4 10.0 9.2

 Supervisors and proprietors ............................... 2.3 .3 2.6 2.1 2.3 1.5 2.8 3.1 .5 2.7 2.3 2.8 2.2

 Sales representatives, finance and business

services ............................................................ .8 .7 .8 .5 .6 .1 1.0 1.5 1.4 .6 1.0 .9 1.0

 Sales representatives, commodities, except

retail .................................................................. .5 .5 .5 .4 .3 .7 .6 .6 3.6 .6 .6 .5 .6

 Sales workers, retail and personal services ....... 5.2 4.8 5.2 4.5 4.6 4.1 5.7 6.6 4.7 5.1 5.5 5.7 5.4

 Administrative support, including clerical .............. 14.6 12.3 15.0 10.8 11.2 9.3 12.4 12.5 10.0 12.4 11.9 13.1 11.5

 Computer equipment operators .......................... .3 .5 .2 .1 .2 1 ( ) .2 .1 1.2 .2 .2 .3 .2

 Secretaries, stenographers, and typists ............. 3.2 2.1 3.4 1.7 1.7 1.5 2.0 2.7 1.5 1.7 1.6 2.8 1.3

 Financial records processing .............................. 1.0 .2 1.1 .6 .7 1 ( ) 1.2 1.1 .7 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.1

 Mail and message distributing ............................ 1.2 1 ( ) 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 .5 .5 1.4 .5 .6 .7 .6

Service occupations ............................................... 24.1 26.4 23.8 18.4 16.3 26.6 19.5 19.3 23.3 19.5 19.6 21.6 19.0

 Private household ................................................. 1.4 1.0 1.5 .4 .4 .3 1.7 2.2 1.8 1.4 2.0 .8 2.3

 Protective service ................................................. 2.4 1.4 2.6 1.1 1.4 1 ( ) 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.3

 Service, except private household and protective 20.3 24.0 19.7 16.9 14.5 26.3 16.1 15.6 20.3 16.3 16.3 19.3 15.4

 Food service ....................................................... 8.1 6.9 8.2 9.9 8.6 14.7 7.2 7.2 12.6 7.0 7.6 9.1 7.2

 Health service ..................................................... 3.2 4.8 2.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.7 1.1 .4 2.1 1.5 1.9 1.4

 Cleaning and building service ............................. 6.3 7.3 6.1 4.3 3.6 7.4 5.1 5.1 3.9 5.1 5.1 5.6 4.9

 Personal service ................................................. 2.7 5.1 2.4 1.6 1.2 3.1 2.2 2.3 3.4 2.1 2.1 2.7 1.8

Precision production, craft, and repair .................... 10.1 11.5 9.8 13.5 13.4 14.0 15.5 12.8 12.3 17.3 13.0 15.1 12.3

 Mechanics and repairers ...................................... 3.2 3.2 3.2 2.7 3.0 1.8 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.5 3.7 3.4 3.8

 Construction trades .............................................. 3.0 2.5 3.1 5.3 5.1 6.1 7.6 6.3 4.8 8.4 5.4 7.5 4.8

Operators, fabricators, and laborers ....................... 24.9 28.8 24.3 29.8 31.3 23.6 19.0 16.7 15.4 20.5 22.7 18.0 24.1

 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .. 13.4 18.5 12.6 18.8 19.8 15.0 7.7 6.7 4.6 8.4 11.8 7.3 13.2

 Transportation and material moving occupations 5.0 3.5 5.3 3.2 3.6 1.9 5.0 4.3 2.0 5.5 4.5 4.2 4.6

 Motor vehicle operators ...................................... 4.3 2.4 4.6 2.0 2.2 1.2 3.7 3.6 .3 3.9 3.4 2.9 3.5

 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ............................................................. 6.5 6.8 6.5 7.8 8.0 6.8 6.3 5.7 8.8 6.6 6.3 6.5 6.2

 Construction laborers ......................................... .9 .6 .9 1.8 2.1 .8 1.3 1.5 .8 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.3

Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................. 1.5 .8 1.6 1.8 1.6 2.8 4.7 3.8 7.6 5.1 8.5 6.2 9.2

 Farm operators and managers ............................. .1 1 ( ) .1 .1 1 ( ) .3 .3 .3 1.1 .3 .3 .4 .3

1 Less than 500 persons or less than 0.05 percent.

 NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet

BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the

sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals because of

rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals

because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are

included in both the white and black population groups.
Table 5. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force for private nonagricultural wage and

salary workers by industry, 1997 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status and industry

Northeast Midwest South West

Total New

England

Middle

Atlantic Total

East

North

Central

West

North

Central

Total South

Atlantic

East

South

Central

West

South

Central

Total Mountain Pacific

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

 Total ................................................................... 20,294 5,644 14,649 25,644 18,242 7,403 35,418 18,545 6,080 10,793 21,690 6,148 15,540

Mining ..................................................................... 35 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 94 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 363 2 ( ) 55 258 150 99 51

Construction ........................................................... 1,109 310 799 1,555 1,073 482 2,711 1,464 414 832 1,579 538 1,040

Manufacturing ......................................................... 4,003 1,212 2,791 6,278 4,836 1,444 6,876 3,414 1,531 1,932 4,060 866 3,197

 Durable goods ...................................................... 2,223 789 1,434 4,174 3,310 865 3,599 1,716 852 1,032 2,574 565 2,011

 Lumber and wood products ................................ 87 2 ( ) 62 150 103 2 ( ) 368 151 130 87 189 42 147

 Furniture and fixtures .......................................... 91 2 ( ) 68 226 176 2 ( ) 250 139 81 2 ( ) 94 2 ( ) 68

 Stone, clay, and glass products .......................... 120 2 ( ) 97 178 135 2 ( ) 223 112 2 ( ) 73 99 2 ( ) 69

 Primary metal industries ..................................... 137 2 ( ) 109 350 314 2 ( ) 196 80 62 55 80 2 ( ) 65

 Fabricated metal products .................................. 251 92 159 506 401 105 363 152 85 126 213 47 166

 Machinery and computing equipment ................. 465 188 276 959 728 232 676 297 133 246 492 122 370

 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies .. 409 165 244 434 327 107 621 331 108 182 510 109 401

 Transportation equipment ................................... 248 99 149 1,014 872 143 588 270 170 149 523 91 433

 Motor vehicles .................................................. 91 2 ( ) 75 850 775 75 307 140 118 50 94 2 ( ) 68

 Professional and photographic equipment, and

watches, etc. ..................................................... 236 81 155 161 109 2 ( ) 145 91 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 210 44 166

 Nondurable goods ................................................ 1,780 423 1,357 2,104 1,526 578 3,277 1,698 679 900 1,486 302 1,186

 Food and kindred products ................................. 240 43 197 505 320 184 645 274 149 222 414 111 302

 Textile mill products ............................................ 115 36 79 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 483 411 53 2 ( ) 38 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Apparel and other textile products ...................... 262 2 ( ) 228 85 58 2 ( ) 419 176 147 97 242 2 ( ) 222

 Paper and allied products ................................... 142 59 82 212 173 2 ( ) 246 129 52 65 102 2 ( ) 86

 Printing and publishing ....................................... 463 127 335 484 335 149 496 259 94 144 352 86 267

 Chemicals and allied products ............................ 354 53 301 365 286 79 488 231 75 181 178 2 ( ) 152

Transportation, communications, and public

utilities ............................................................... 1,419 341 1,078 1,689 1,153 536 2,771 1,435 449 886 1,528 431 1,097

 Transportation ...................................................... 856 195 661 1,078 744 334 1,707 852 296 559 936 252 684

 Communications and other public utilities ............ 563 147 417 611 409 202 1,064 583 154 327 592 179 413

Wholesale and retail trade ...................................... 4,893 1,299 3,593 6,564 4,535 2,028 9,307 4,854 1,597 2,855 5,756 1,698 4,056

 Wholesale trade .................................................... 900 213 687 1,202 809 393 1,621 806 289 526 1,070 278 792

 Retail trade ........................................................... 3,992 1,086 2,906 5,362 3,726 1,635 7,686 4,048 1,308 2,330 4,686 1,421 3,264

Finance, insurance, and real estate ....................... 1,803 483 1,320 1,810 1,233 576 2,477 1,439 348 691 1,579 463 1,115

Services, excluding private households ................. 7,032 1,996 5,035 7,656 5,360 2,296 10,914 5,889 1,686 3,339 7,037 2,053 4,983

 Professional services ............................................ 4,713 1,376 3,337 4,985 3,470 1,515 6,538 3,440 1,114 1,983 3,744 1,058 2,686

 Educational services ........................................... 721 229 492 657 422 235 752 390 131 230 416 92 324

 Health services, including hospitals .................... 2,351 678 1,672 2,627 1,834 793 3,369 1,707 620 1,043 1,786 516 1,270

UNEMPLOYED

 Total ................................................................... 1,086 253 833 1,057 779 278 1,780 860 342 578 1,207 276 931

Mining ..................................................................... 2 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 15 2 ( ) 4 8 5 3 1

Construction ........................................................... 131 33 98 132 100 32 212 99 43 71 148 35 113

Manufacturing ......................................................... 177 41 136 210 165 45 306 135 87 85 192 33 159

 Durable goods ...................................................... 80 24 57 133 107 26 141 61 45 34 90 19 71

 Lumber and wood products ................................ 5 2 ( ) 4 9 7 2 ( ) 20 7 10 3 13 4 9

 Furniture and fixtures .......................................... 6 2 ( ) 5 9 7 2 ( ) 12 7 3 2 ( ) 4 2 ( ) 2

 Stone, clay, and glass products .......................... 6 2 ( ) 5 6 3 2 ( ) 11 7 2 2 ( ) 3 2 ( ) 3

 Primary metal industries ..................................... 5 2 ( ) 5 15 13 2 ( ) 6 2 2 1 4 2 ( ) 3

 Fabricated metal products .................................. 8 2 6 13 12 2 10 2 2 5 10 2 8

 Machinery and computing equipment ................. 15 5 10 19 15 4 26 13 8 6 16 4 12

 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies .. 12 4 7 15 13 3 19 8 6 5 12 3 10

 Transportation equipment ................................... 8 2 6 37 31 6 22 8 8 5 11 2 10

 Motor vehicles .................................................. 4 2 ( ) 4 32 28 4 11 3 5 3 3 2 ( ) 3

 Professional and photographic equipment, and

watches, etc. ..................................................... 4 2 2 3 2 2 ( ) 5 3 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 8 1 7

 Nondurable goods ................................................ 96 17 79 77 58 19 165 73 41 51 101 14 88

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force for private nonagricultural wage and

salary workers by industry, 1997 annual averages — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status and industry

Northeast Midwest South West

Total New

England

Middle

Atlantic Total

East

North

Central

West

North

Central

Total South

Atlantic

East

South

Central

West

South

Central

Total Mountain Pacific

UNEMPLOYED–Continued

 Food and kindred products ................................. 17 3 14 23 17 6 47 16 11 21 45 6 39

 Textile mill products ............................................ 8 2 5 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 18 15 3 2 ( ) 2 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Apparel and other textile products ...................... 25 2 ( ) 23 7 6 2 ( ) 40 14 16 10 20 2 ( ) 18

 Paper and allied products ................................... 6 1 5 7 7 2 ( ) 7 2 1 4 3 2 ( ) 3

 Printing and publishing ....................................... 21 4 18 17 13 4 18 7 4 7 13 2 11

 Chemicals and allied products ............................ 10 2 8 7 5 2 14 6 3 5 8 2 ( ) 6

Transportation, communications, and public

utilities ............................................................... 58 13 45 49 31 18 89 43 15 31 64 14 50

 Transportation ...................................................... 44 9 35 33 21 13 66 33 13 21 50 9 41

 Communications and other public utilities ............ 14 4 10 15 10 5 22 10 2 10 14 5 9

Wholesale and retail trade ...................................... 312 77 236 329 236 93 604 294 108 202 400 99 300

 Wholesale trade .................................................... 37 9 29 38 30 9 48 24 10 13 53 12 41

 Retail trade ........................................................... 275 68 207 291 206 85 556 270 98 189 347 87 259

Finance, insurance, and real estate ....................... 70 17 54 40 30 10 68 38 8 22 51 14 37

Services, excluding private households ................. 336 72 264 295 216 79 486 249 78 159 348 78 270

 Professional services ............................................ 156 35 121 113 82 32 202 113 29 59 117 26 91

 Educational services ........................................... 24 5 19 16 10 6 23 13 3 7 13 3 10

 Health services, including hospitals .................... 76 19 57 53 39 14 101 56 14 32 50 11 38

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE

 Total ................................................................... 5.3 4.5 5.7 4.1 4.3 3.8 5.0 4.6 5.6 5.3 5.6 4.4 6.0

Mining ..................................................................... 4.4 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2.8 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 4.2 2 ( ) 6.5 3.2 3.3 3.4 2.9

Construction ........................................................... 11.8 10.6 12.2 8.5 9.4 6.6 7.8 6.8 10.3 8.5 9.3 6.4 10.9

Manufacturing ......................................................... 4.4 3.4 4.9 3.4 3.4 3.1 4.4 3.9 5.7 4.4 4.7 3.8 5.0

 Durable goods ...................................................... 3.6 3.0 4.0 3.2 3.3 3.0 3.9 3.6 5.3 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.5

 Lumber and wood products ................................ 5.2 2 ( ) 5.7 6.2 6.5 2 ( ) 5.5 4.7 7.5 3.9 6.9 9.2 6.3

 Furniture and fixtures .......................................... 6.3 2 ( ) 6.8 4.1 4.1 2 ( ) 4.8 4.7 4.2 2 ( ) 4.0 2 ( ) 3.3

 Stone, clay, and glass products .......................... 4.8 2 ( ) 5.0 3.3 2.3 2 ( ) 5.1 6.2 2 ( ) 3.3 3.1 2 ( ) 3.8

 Primary metal industries ..................................... 3.9 2 ( ) 4.1 4.2 4.2 2 ( ) 2.8 2.8 3.6 2.1 4.8 2 ( ) 4.9

 Fabricated metal products .................................. 3.3 2.0 4.0 2.7 3.0 1.5 2.7 1.5 2.6 4.3 4.7 3.3 5.1

 Machinery and computing equipment ................. 3.3 2.7 3.7 2.0 2.1 1.7 3.9 4.2 5.7 2.5 3.2 3.1 3.2

 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies .. 2.8 2.7 2.9 3.5 3.8 2.4 3.0 2.5 5.4 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.4

 Transportation equipment ................................... 3.0 1.7 3.9 3.7 3.6 4.2 3.7 2.9 5.0 3.5 2.1 1.6 2.3

 Motor vehicles .................................................. 4.0 2 ( ) 4.7 3.8 3.6 5.8 3.5 2.1 4.1 6.2 3.2 2 ( ) 4.0

 Professional and photographic equipment, and

watches, etc. ..................................................... 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.6 2.2 2 ( ) 3.2 3.7 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3.8 1.6 4.4

 Nondurable goods ................................................ 5.4 4.0 5.8 3.7 3.8 3.3 5.0 4.3 6.1 5.6 6.8 4.6 7.4

 Food and kindred products ................................. 7.2 6.9 7.3 4.5 5.2 3.2 7.3 5.7 7.1 9.4 11.0 5.5 13.0

 Textile mill products ............................................ 6.6 6.4 6.7 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 3.8 3.6 6.5 2 ( ) 5.5 2 ( ) 2 ( )

 Apparel and other textile products ...................... 9.4 2 ( ) 9.9 8.8 10.5 2 ( ) 9.5 8.3 10.6 10.0 8.3 2 ( ) 8.2

 Paper and allied products ................................... 4.0 1.1 6.2 3.3 3.8 2 ( ) 2.7 1.6 1.1 6.1 3.3 2 ( ) 3.7

 Printing and publishing ....................................... 4.6 2.8 5.3 3.4 3.8 2.7 3.6 2.7 3.9 4.8 3.6 1.8 4.3

 Chemicals and allied products ............................ 2.8 3.5 2.6 1.9 1.7 2.4 2.8 2.4 4.2 2.7 4.4 2 ( ) 3.7

Transportation, communications, and public

utilities ............................................................... 4.1 3.9 4.2 2.9 2.7 3.3 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.5 4.2 3.3 4.6

 Transportation ...................................................... 5.2 4.8 5.3 3.1 2.8 3.7 3.9 3.8 4.3 3.8 5.3 3.5 6.0

 Communications and other public utilities ............ 2.5 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.1 1.8 1.3 3.1 2.4 3.0 2.2

Wholesale and retail trade ...................................... 6.4 5.9 6.6 5.0 5.2 4.6 6.5 6.1 6.8 7.1 6.9 5.8 7.4

 Wholesale trade .................................................... 4.1 4.0 4.2 3.2 3.7 2.2 2.9 3.0 3.6 2.5 4.9 4.2 5.2

 Retail trade ........................................................... 6.9 6.3 7.1 5.4 5.5 5.2 7.2 6.7 7.5 8.1 7.4 6.1 8.0

Finance, insurance, and real estate ....................... 3.9 3.5 4.1 2.2 2.4 1.8 2.7 2.6 2.4 3.2 3.2 2.9 3.4

Services, excluding private households ................. 4.8 3.6 5.2 3.9 4.0 3.4 4.5 4.2 4.6 4.7 4.9 3.8 5.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force for private nonagricultural wage and

salary workers by industry, 1997 annual averages — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status and industry

Northeast Midwest South West

Total New

England

Middle

Atlantic Total

East

North

Central

West

North

Central

Total South

Atlantic

East

South

Central

West

South

Central

Total Mountain Pacific

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE–Continued

 Professional services ............................................ 3.3 2.5 3.6 2.3 2.4 2.1 3.1 3.3 2.6 3.0 3.1 2.5 3.4

 Educational services ........................................... 3.3 2.0 3.9 2.4 2.4 2.4 3.1 3.4 2.5 2.9 3.2 3.1 3.2

 Health services, including hospitals .................... 3.2 2.8 3.4 2.0 2.2 1.8 3.0 3.3 2.3 3.0 2.8 2.2 3.0

1 Excludes persons with no previous work experience. 2 Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS

publication standards of reliability for the particular area, based on the sample in

that area. See appendix B.

 NOTE: Totals for the summary groups published include other industries, not

shown separately. Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed rates

because of rounding.
Table 6. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed private nonagricultural wage and salary workers by industry,

sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages

Population group and area

Northeast Midwest South West

Total New

England

Middle

Atlantic Total

East

North

Central

West

North

Central

Total South

Atlantic

East

South

Central

West

South

Central

Total Mountain Pacific

TOTAL

 Total (in thousands) ........................................... 19,208 5,391 13,816 24,587 17,463 7,125 33,638 17,685 5,738 10,215 20,483 5,872 14,608

 Percent .............................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Mining ..................................................................... .2 .1 .2 .4 .3 .6 1.0 .3 .9 2.4 .7 1.6 .3

Construction ........................................................... 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.8 5.6 6.3 7.4 7.7 6.5 7.5 7.0 8.6 6.3

Manufacturing ......................................................... 19.9 21.7 19.2 24.7 26.7 19.6 19.5 18.5 25.2 18.1 18.9 14.2 20.8

 Durable goods ...................................................... 11.2 14.2 10.0 16.4 18.3 11.8 10.3 9.4 14.1 9.8 12.1 9.3 13.3

 Lumber and wood products ................................ .4 .4 .4 .6 .6 .6 1.0 .8 2.1 .8 .9 .7 .9

 Furniture and fixtures .......................................... .4 .4 .5 .9 1.0 .7 .7 .7 1.3 .3 .4 .4 .5

 Stone, clay, and glass products .......................... .6 .4 .7 .7 .8 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 .5 .5 .5

 Primary metal industries ..................................... .7 .5 .8 1.4 1.7 .5 .6 .4 1.0 .5 .4 .2 .4

 Fabricated metal products .................................. 1.3 1.7 1.1 2.0 2.2 1.5 1.0 .8 1.4 1.2 1.0 .8 1.1

 Machinery and computing equipment ................. 2.3 3.4 1.9 3.8 4.1 3.2 1.9 1.6 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.5

 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies .. 2.1 3.0 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 2.4 1.8 2.7

 Transportation equipment ................................... 1.3 1.8 1.0 4.0 4.8 1.9 1.7 1.5 2.8 1.4 2.5 1.5 2.9

 Motor vehicles .................................................. .5 .3 .5 3.3 4.3 1.0 .9 .8 2.0 .5 .4 .5 .4

 Professional and photographic equipment, and

watches, etc. ..................................................... 1.2 1.5 1.1 .6 .6 .7 .4 .5 .3 .3 1.0 .7 1.1

 Nondurable goods ................................................ 8.8 7.5 9.2 8.2 8.4 7.9 9.3 9.2 11.1 8.3 6.8 4.9 7.5

 Food and kindred products ................................. 1.2 .7 1.3 2.0 1.7 2.5 1.8 1.5 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.8

 Textile mill products ............................................ .6 .6 .5 .1 1 ( ) .1 1.4 2.2 .9 .2 .2 1 ( ) .2

 Apparel and other textile products ...................... 1.2 .6 1.5 .3 .3 .4 1.1 .9 2.3 .9 1.1 .3 1.4

 Paper and allied products ................................... .7 1.1 .6 .8 1.0 .5 .7 .7 .9 .6 .5 .3 .6

 Printing and publishing ....................................... 2.3 2.3 2.3 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.7 1.4 1.7

 Chemicals and allied products ............................ 1.8 .9 2.1 1.5 1.6 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.7 .8 .4 1.0

Transportation, communications, and public

utilities ............................................................... 7.1 6.1 7.5 6.7 6.4 7.3 8.0 7.9 7.6 8.4 7.1 7.1 7.2

 Transportation ...................................................... 4.2 3.4 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.5 4.9 4.6 4.9 5.3 4.3 4.1 4.4

 Communications and other public utilities ............ 2.9 2.6 2.9 2.4 2.3 2.8 3.1 3.2 2.6 3.1 2.8 3.0 2.8

Wholesale and retail trade ...................................... 23.8 22.7 24.3 25.4 24.6 27.2 25.9 25.8 26.0 26.0 26.2 27.2 25.7

 Wholesale trade .................................................... 4.5 3.8 4.8 4.7 4.5 5.4 4.7 4.4 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.5 5.1

 Retail trade ........................................................... 19.4 18.9 19.5 20.6 20.2 21.8 21.2 21.4 21.1 21.0 21.2 22.7 20.6

Finance, insurance, and real estate ....................... 9.0 8.6 9.2 7.2 6.9 7.9 7.2 7.9 5.9 6.5 7.5 7.7 7.4

Services, excluding private households ................. 34.9 35.7 34.5 29.9 29.5 31.1 31.0 31.9 28.0 31.1 32.7 33.6 32.3

 Professional services ............................................ 23.7 24.9 23.3 19.8 19.4 20.8 18.8 18.8 18.9 18.8 17.7 17.6 17.8

 Educational services ........................................... 3.6 4.2 3.4 2.6 2.4 3.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.5 2.1

 Health services, including hospitals .................... 11.8 12.2 11.7 10.5 10.3 10.9 9.7 9.3 10.6 9.9 8.5 8.6 8.4

Men

 Total (in thousands) ........................................... 10,253 2,815 7,438 13,233 9,483 3,750 18,446 9,642 3,095 5,709 11,555 3,284 8,271

 Percent .............................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Mining ..................................................................... .3 .1 .3 .6 .5 1.0 1.6 .4 1.6 3.6 1.0 2.5 .5

Construction ........................................................... 8.7 8.9 8.7 9.7 9.1 11.1 12.3 12.8 10.6 12.2 11.0 13.5 10.0

Manufacturing ......................................................... 24.8 28.1 23.5 32.2 34.7 25.9 23.7 22.2 30.3 22.6 23.0 17.6 25.1

 Durable goods ...................................................... 15.0 18.8 13.5 22.6 25.2 16.3 13.6 12.3 19.1 12.8 15.7 12.0 17.2

 Lumber and wood products ................................ .7 .7 .7 .8 .8 .9 1.6 1.3 3.3 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.4

 Furniture and fixtures .......................................... .7 .6 .7 1.2 1.3 .9 .9 1.0 1.6 .4 .6 .6 .6

 Stone, clay, and glass products .......................... .8 .6 .9 .9 1.0 .9 .9 .9 1.0 1.0 .6 .7 .6

 Primary metal industries ..................................... 1.0 .7 1.1 2.2 2.8 .9 .9 .6 1.5 .9 .5 .3 .6

 Fabricated metal products .................................. 1.8 2.3 1.6 2.8 3.1 2.1 1.4 1.1 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.6

 Machinery and computing equipment ................. 3.4 4.7 2.9 5.6 6.0 4.5 2.7 2.2 3.0 3.2 3.1 2.5 3.3

 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies .. 2.5 3.5 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.6 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.7 2.1 3.0

 Transportation equipment ................................... 1.9 2.8 1.5 5.6 6.7 2.9 2.3 2.2 3.8 1.9 3.4 2.2 3.9

 Motor vehicles .................................................. .7 .4 .8 4.6 5.9 1.4 1.2 1.1 2.6 .6 .6 .6 .6

 Professional and photographic equipment, and

watches, etc. ..................................................... 1.4 1.7 1.2 .7 .6 .8 .5 .5 .4 .3 1.0 .7 1.2

 Nondurable goods ................................................ 9.8 9.4 10.0 9.6 9.6 9.6 10.1 9.9 11.2 9.7 7.3 5.6 7.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed private nonagricultural wage and salary workers by industry,

sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and area

Northeast Midwest South West

Total New

England

Middle

Atlantic Total

East

North

Central

West

North

Central

Total South

Atlantic

East

South

Central

West

South

Central

Total Mountain Pacific

Men–Continued

 Food and kindred products ................................. 1.5 1.0 1.7 2.5 2.2 3.2 2.1 1.7 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.2

 Textile mill products ............................................ .6 .7 .6 .1 1 ( ) .1 1.5 2.4 .8 .2 .2 .1 .2

 Apparel and other textile products ...................... .7 .3 .9 .2 .2 .2 .5 .5 .8 .4 .7 .2 .9

 Paper and allied products ................................... 1.1 1.7 .8 1.1 1.2 .8 1.0 1.0 1.3 .9 .7 .4 .8

 Printing and publishing ....................................... 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.0 1.9 2.1 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.9

 Chemicals and allied products ............................ 2.1 1.2 2.4 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.5 2.4 .9 .5 1.1

Transportation, communications, and public

utilities ............................................................... 9.4 8.0 9.9 8.9 8.5 9.8 10.4 10.1 10.8 10.7 8.7 8.6 8.8

 Transportation ...................................................... 5.8 4.8 6.2 5.9 5.8 6.3 6.8 6.4 7.2 7.4 5.6 5.2 5.7

 Communications and other public utilities ............ 3.6 3.2 3.8 3.0 2.8 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.1

Wholesale and retail trade ...................................... 24.2 22.7 24.7 23.8 22.8 26.3 24.6 25.0 23.3 24.6 25.4 26.5 24.9

 Wholesale trade .................................................... 5.7 5.0 5.9 6.2 5.7 7.3 6.1 5.7 6.3 6.7 6.1 5.9 6.2

 Retail trade ........................................................... 18.5 17.7 18.8 17.6 17.1 19.0 18.5 19.3 17.0 17.9 19.3 20.6 18.7

Finance, insurance, and real estate ....................... 7.6 6.7 7.9 4.9 4.7 5.5 4.9 5.6 3.8 4.4 5.3 5.0 5.4

Services, excluding private households ................. 25.1 25.4 25.0 19.9 19.6 20.6 22.5 23.9 19.6 21.9 25.5 26.3 25.2

 Professional services ............................................ 13.7 14.3 13.5 9.9 9.8 10.2 10.2 10.3 10.5 9.8 10.3 10.3 10.3

 Educational services ........................................... 2.8 3.3 2.5 1.6 1.4 1.9 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.5

 Health services, including hospitals .................... 4.6 4.3 4.7 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.2 4.2 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.4

Women

 Total (in thousands) ........................................... 8,955 2,576 6,378 11,355 7,980 3,375 15,192 8,043 2,643 4,507 8,927 2,588 6,338

 Percent .............................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Mining ..................................................................... .1 1 ( ) .1 .1 .1 .1 .3 .1 .1 .9 .3 .6 .2

Construction ........................................................... 1.0 1.1 .9 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.8 2.3 1.5

Manufacturing ......................................................... 14.3 14.7 14.2 15.9 17.3 12.7 14.5 14.2 19.2 12.4 13.6 9.8 15.2

 Durable goods ...................................................... 6.8 9.2 5.8 9.2 10.2 6.8 6.3 5.9 8.2 5.9 7.5 5.8 8.2

 Lumber and wood products ................................ .2 .2 .1 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .7 .4 .3 .2 .3

 Furniture and fixtures .......................................... .2 .2 .2 .5 .6 .4 .5 .5 1.0 .1 .2 .2 .3

 Stone, clay, and glass products .......................... .3 .2 .4 .4 .5 .2 .3 .3 .2 .3 .2 .3 .2

 Primary metal industries ..................................... .3 .2 .4 .4 .5 .1 .2 .2 .5 .1 .1 .1 .2

 Fabricated metal products .................................. .7 1.0 .6 1.1 1.2 .7 .6 .5 .7 .6 .4 .2 .4

 Machinery and computing equipment ................. 1.1 1.9 .7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.1 .9 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4

 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies .. 1.6 2.4 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.4 2.0 1.4 2.3

 Transportation equipment ................................... .5 .7 .4 2.1 2.6 .9 .9 .7 1.7 .8 1.3 .7 1.5

 Motor vehicles .................................................. .2 .2 .2 1.8 2.3 .5 .5 .4 1.2 .3 .3 .3 .2

 Professional and photographic equipment, and

watches, etc. ..................................................... 1.0 1.3 1.0 .6 .6 .6 .4 .4 .2 .3 .9 .8 1.0

 Nondurable goods ................................................ 7.5 5.5 8.4 6.7 7.0 5.9 8.2 8.3 11.0 6.5 6.1 4.0 7.0

 Food and kindred products ................................. .7 .4 .8 1.4 1.2 1.8 1.4 1.1 2.2 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.3

 Textile mill products ............................................ .5 .5 .5 .1 .1 .1 1.3 2.0 .9 .2 .2 1 ( ) .3

 Apparel and other textile products ...................... 1.8 1.0 2.2 .5 .4 .5 1.9 1.4 4.0 1.5 1.6 .5 2.1

 Paper and allied products ................................... .3 .4 .2 .5 .6 .3 .4 .4 .5 .3 .3 .1 .3

 Printing and publishing ....................................... 2.0 1.7 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.6

 Chemicals and allied products ............................ 1.5 .6 1.8 1.2 1.4 .5 1.0 1.1 .9 .9 .7 .3 .9

Transportation, communications, and public

utilities ............................................................... 4.4 4.0 4.6 4.1 3.9 4.5 5.0 5.2 3.9 5.4 5.1 5.2 5.0

 Transportation ...................................................... 2.4 1.9 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.7

 Communications and other public utilities ............ 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.7 2.0 2.5 2.7 1.6 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.3

Wholesale and retail trade ...................................... 23.5 22.7 23.8 27.1 26.7 28.1 27.4 26.7 29.0 27.7 27.1 28.1 26.7

 Wholesale trade .................................................... 3.1 2.5 3.4 3.0 2.9 3.3 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.9 3.4 2.8 3.7

 Retail trade ........................................................... 20.4 20.2 20.4 24.1 23.8 24.8 24.5 23.8 25.9 24.9 23.7 25.4 23.0

Finance, insurance, and real estate ....................... 10.7 10.7 10.7 9.9 9.5 10.7 9.9 10.7 8.4 9.3 10.2 11.1 9.9

Services, excluding private households ................. 46.0 46.9 45.7 41.6 41.1 42.8 41.3 41.5 37.9 42.8 41.9 43.0 41.5

 Professional services ............................................ 35.2 36.5 34.7 31.4 30.8 32.6 29.3 29.0 28.7 30.3 27.3 26.8 27.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed private nonagricultural wage and salary workers by industry,

sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and area

Northeast Midwest South West

Total New

England

Middle

Atlantic Total

East

North

Central

West

North

Central

Total South

Atlantic

East

South

Central

West

South

Central

Total Mountain Pacific

Women–Continued

 Educational services ........................................... 4.6 5.0 4.4 3.8 3.5 4.7 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.2 2.7 2.1 3.0

 Health services, including hospitals .................... 20.1 20.9 19.8 18.7 18.5 19.2 17.3 16.7 17.9 18.1 15.2 15.5 15.0

White

 Total (in thousands) ........................................... 16,613 4,977 11,635 22,172 15,524 6,647 26,907 13,839 4,533 8,534 17,449 5,448 11,994

 Percent .............................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Mining ..................................................................... .2 .1 .3 .4 .3 .6 1.2 .3 1.0 2.7 .8 1.7 .4

Construction ........................................................... 5.4 5.5 5.4 6.1 5.9 6.6 8.1 8.2 7.3 8.1 7.6 8.7 7.1

Manufacturing ......................................................... 20.5 21.7 20.0 24.8 27.1 19.5 18.6 17.4 23.5 18.0 18.5 14.0 20.5

 Durable goods ...................................................... 11.8 14.1 10.8 16.5 18.5 11.9 10.2 9.4 13.5 9.7 11.8 9.2 12.9

 Lumber and wood products ................................ .5 .5 .5 .6 .6 .6 1.0 .8 1.7 .8 .9 .7 1.1

 Furniture and fixtures .......................................... .5 .4 .5 .9 1.0 .7 .7 .8 1.4 .3 .5 .4 .5

 Stone, clay, and glass products .......................... .6 .4 .7 .7 .8 .6 .6 .6 .5 .7 .5 .5 .5

 Primary metal industries ..................................... .7 .5 .9 1.4 1.8 .5 .6 .4 1.1 .5 .4 .2 .4

 Fabricated metal products .................................. 1.4 1.7 1.2 2.1 2.3 1.5 1.0 .8 1.3 1.2 1.0 .7 1.2

 Machinery and computing equipment ................. 2.5 3.4 2.1 4.0 4.4 3.2 2.0 1.7 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.0 2.3

 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies .. 2.2 2.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.5 2.0 1.7 2.2

 Motor vehicles .................................................. .4 .3 .5 3.1 4.0 1.0 .8 .7 2.0 .4 .5 .5 .4

 Professional and photographic equipment, and

watches, etc. ..................................................... 1.2 1.4 1.2 .7 .6 .7 .4 .5 .4 .3 .9 .7 1.0

 Nondurable goods ................................................ 8.7 7.5 9.2 8.3 8.6 7.6 8.5 8.0 10.0 8.3 6.7 4.9 7.6

 Food and kindred products ................................. 1.2 .8 1.4 1.9 1.8 2.3 1.4 1.0 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9

 Textile mill products ............................................ .6 .6 .6 .1 1 ( ) .1 1.2 2.0 .8 .2 .2 .0 .2

 Apparel and other textile products ...................... 1.0 .5 1.2 .3 .3 .3 .9 .7 1.8 .8 .9 .3 1.2

 Paper and allied products ................................... .7 1.1 .6 .9 1.0 .5 .7 .6 .9 .6 .5 .2 .6

 Printing and publishing ....................................... 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.0 1.9 2.1 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.8

 Chemicals and allied products ............................ 1.7 .9 2.0 1.4 1.6 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.8 .8 .3 1.0

Transportation, communications, and public

utilities ............................................................... 6.9 6.0 7.3 6.6 6.3 7.3 7.8 7.7 7.3 8.1 7.0 7.1 6.9

 Transportation ...................................................... 4.1 3.5 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.5 4.7 4.4 4.6 5.1 4.2 4.2 4.3

 Communications and other public utilities ............ 2.8 2.5 3.0 2.4 2.2 2.8 3.1 3.3 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.7

Wholesale and retail trade ...................................... 24.4 22.9 25.1 25.7 25.0 27.5 26.2 26.4 26.5 25.7 26.4 27.3 25.9

 Wholesale trade .................................................... 4.7 3.9 5.0 5.0 4.8 5.6 5.1 4.8 5.4 5.4 5.1 4.6 5.3

 Retail trade ........................................................... 19.7 18.9 20.1 20.7 20.2 21.9 21.1 21.6 21.1 20.3 21.2 22.6 20.6

Finance, insurance, and real estate ....................... 8.9 8.7 8.9 7.2 7.0 7.8 7.6 8.5 6.3 6.9 7.5 7.9 7.3

Services, excluding private households ................. 33.7 35.2 33.0 29.1 28.4 30.7 30.6 31.5 28.1 30.5 32.3 33.3 31.8

 Professional services ............................................ 22.9 24.6 22.2 19.4 18.8 20.7 18.7 18.7 19.4 18.4 17.5 17.7 17.4

 Educational services ........................................... 3.6 4.2 3.4 2.6 2.3 3.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.6 2.1

 Health services, including hospitals .................... 11.0 11.9 10.6 10.0 9.7 10.8 9.2 8.8 10.3 9.2 8.1 8.6 8.0

Black

 Total (in thousands) ........................................... 1,826 294 1,533 1,877 1,558 320 5,842 3,400 1,137 1,307 812 167 645

 Percent .............................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Mining ..................................................................... 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) .1 .4 .1 .5 .9 .4 .3 .5

Construction ........................................................... 3.6 1.4 4.0 2.8 3.0 2.0 5.0 5.9 3.4 4.1 3.6 5.0 3.3

Manufacturing ......................................................... 13.5 17.2 12.8 22.1 22.7 19.3 23.4 22.9 31.7 17.6 13.4 12.2 13.7

 Durable goods ...................................................... 6.2 10.7 5.4 14.9 16.3 8.4 10.6 9.5 16.3 8.4 8.3 6.7 8.8

 Lumber and wood products ................................ .2 .2 .2 .1 1 ( ) .6 1.5 1.0 3.8 .8 .1 .1 1 ( )

 Furniture and fixtures .......................................... .4 .9 .3 .4 .5 1 ( ) .5 .5 1.1 .1 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

 Stone, clay, and glass products .......................... .4 .2 .5 .3 .3 .5 .7 .6 1.1 .6 .2 .1 .2

 Primary metal industries ..................................... .3 .4 .3 1.6 1.7 .7 .6 .5 .9 .7 .2 1 ( ) .2

 Fabricated metal products .................................. .6 1.5 .4 1.5 1.6 .7 1.2 .9 1.9 1.2 .9 2.1 .6

 Machinery and computing equipment ................. .9 2.4 .6 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.6 2.1 1.6 2.3

 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies .. .9 1.6 .8 1.9 2.1 .8 1.9 1.9 2.3 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed private nonagricultural wage and salary workers by industry,

sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and area

Northeast Midwest South West

Total New

England

Middle

Atlantic Total

East

North

Central

West

North

Central

Total South

Atlantic

East

South

Central

West

South

Central

Total Mountain Pacific

Black–Continued

 Transportation equipment ................................... .9 1.3 .8 6.4 7.2 2.9 1.9 1.7 2.9 1.4 2.3 .5 2.8

 Motor vehicles .................................................. .7 .8 .6 6.0 6.8 1.8 1.2 1.3 1.5 .7 .3 .1 .3

 Professional and photographic equipment, and

watches, etc. ..................................................... 1.0 1.3 1.0 .3 .3 .2 .3 .4 .1 .2 .3 .6 .3

 Nondurable goods ................................................ 7.2 6.5 7.4 7.2 6.4 10.9 12.8 13.4 15.4 9.2 5.1 5.5 5.0

 Food and kindred products ................................. .8 .3 .9 2.1 1.4 5.3 3.3 3.0 4.7 3.0 1.2 .9 1.2

 Textile mill products ............................................ .5 1.1 .4 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 2.0 3.0 1.2 .3 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

 Apparel and other textile products ...................... 1.3 1.1 1.3 .3 .3 .5 2.1 1.7 4.4 1.1 .4 1 ( ) .5

 Paper and allied products ................................... .4 .8 .3 .6 .5 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.1 .8 .2 .5 .1

 Printing and publishing ....................................... 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.0 .8 2.0 2.4 1.9

 Chemicals and allied products ............................ 2.5 1.0 2.8 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.6 .5 1.7 .9 1.5 .8

Transportation, communications, and public

utilities ............................................................... 9.5 9.2 9.5 8.5 8.6 7.7 9.3 8.9 8.6 11.1 11.4 8.1 12.3

 Transportation ...................................................... 5.9 4.1 6.3 5.1 5.0 5.7 6.1 5.8 6.4 6.5 6.2 3.6 6.9

 Communications and other public utilities ............ 3.6 5.1 3.2 3.3 3.6 2.0 3.3 3.1 2.2 4.6 5.3 4.5 5.5

Wholesale and retail trade ...................................... 17.8 19.4 17.5 21.3 20.9 23.3 23.9 23.1 24.1 25.7 22.6 23.8 22.3

 Wholesale trade .................................................... 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.1 2.1 2.1 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.9 3.8 4.0

 Retail trade ........................................................... 15.4 17.2 15.0 19.3 18.9 21.2 20.7 19.9 21.1 22.6 18.7 20.0 18.3

Finance, insurance, and real estate ....................... 9.8 8.7 10.1 7.4 6.9 10.0 5.6 6.1 4.6 5.1 8.4 6.0 9.0

Services, excluding private households ................. 45.9 44.1 46.2 37.8 37.9 37.7 32.4 33.0 27.0 35.5 40.1 44.5 38.9

 Professional services ............................................ 31.8 31.8 31.8 24.5 24.4 25.3 19.4 19.2 16.7 22.1 21.1 19.0 21.6

 Educational services ........................................... 3.5 2.7 3.6 2.8 2.3 5.0 1.9 2.0 1.7 1.7 2.3 .3 2.9

 Health services, including hospitals .................... 19.8 20.2 19.7 14.4 14.8 12.3 12.0 11.3 11.3 14.3 11.6 10.8 11.8

Hispanic origin

 Total (in thousands) ........................................... 1,514 213 1,302 891 713 178 3,362 1,314 65 1,981 4,117 977 3,142

 Percent .............................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Mining ..................................................................... 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) .1 1 ( ) .1 1.1 .1 1 ( ) 1.8 .5 1.5 .2

Construction ........................................................... 4.1 2.6 4.4 7.6 7.6 7.8 11.4 10.3 11.3 12.1 8.2 11.6 7.1

Manufacturing ......................................................... 24.3 34.0 22.7 34.1 35.4 28.9 17.5 14.8 21.4 19.1 25.4 16.9 28.1

 Durable goods ...................................................... 10.1 19.8 8.5 20.6 23.1 10.8 8.8 7.5 6.2 9.7 14.0 9.9 15.3

 Lumber and wood products ................................ .1 .1 .1 .7 .7 .6 .9 .7 1 ( ) 1.0 .7 .8 .7

 Furniture and fixtures .......................................... .6 1.4 .5 1.5 1.2 2.7 .6 .8 1 ( ) .5 1.2 .7 1.3

 Stone, clay, and glass products .......................... .3 .4 .3 .7 .8 .4 .8 .5 1 ( ) 1.0 .5 .6 .5

 Primary metal industries ..................................... .5 .8 .4 2.8 3.5 .0 .4 .2 .9 .6 .6 .2 .7

 Fabricated metal products .................................. 1.4 2.1 1.2 3.3 3.9 1.0 1.0 .9 .3 1.2 1.7 .8 2.0

 Machinery and computing equipment ................. 1.2 3.8 .8 3.9 4.4 1.6 1.6 1.0 1.0 2.1 2.0 1.5 2.2

 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies .. 1.9 2.6 1.7 2.0 2.5 .3 1.3 1.9 1.4 .9 2.7 2.5 2.8

 Transportation equipment ................................... 1.1 1.6 1.0 2.4 2.8 .8 1.1 .8 2.6 1.3 2.4 1.2 2.7

 Motor vehicles .................................................. .4 .4 .4 1.7 2.1 .3 .4 .3 .7 .5 .7 .3 .8

 Professional and photographic equipment, and

watches, etc. ..................................................... .8 2.5 .5 .6 .2 2.3 .3 .3 1 ( ) .3 .9 .9 .9

 Nondurable goods ................................................ 14.2 14.3 14.2 13.5 12.3 18.2 8.7 7.3 15.3 9.4 11.4 7.1 12.8

 Food and kindred products ................................. 2.0 .8 2.2 4.6 2.7 12.0 3.0 2.0 11.1 3.3 3.2 3.9 3.0

 Textile mill products ............................................ 2.1 2.6 2.0 .1 .1 .3 .6 1.1 1 ( ) .2 .4 .2 .5

 Apparel and other textile products ...................... 4.0 1.1 4.5 .8 .8 .5 1.5 1.1 .1 1.9 3.1 .6 3.9

 Paper and allied products ................................... .5 1.5 .4 1.4 1.7 .2 .4 .4 1.1 .4 .6 .4 .7

 Printing and publishing ....................................... 1.7 2.7 1.6 2.0 1.7 3.3 1.0 1.2 1.7 .8 1.7 .9 1.9

 Chemicals and allied products ............................ 2.5 .8 2.8 1.2 1.5 .1 .9 .4 .2 1.2 1.2 .4 1.5

Transportation, communications, and public

utilities ............................................................... 6.6 3.8 7.1 4.4 4.2 5.3 7.6 9.2 5.8 6.6 5.1 5.3 5.0

 Transportation ...................................................... 4.4 2.1 4.8 3.1 3.1 3.2 5.7 6.9 4.5 4.9 3.2 3.0 3.2

 Communications and other public utilities ............ 2.2 1.6 2.3 1.3 1.1 2.1 1.9 2.3 1.3 1.7 1.9 2.3 1.8

Wholesale and retail trade ...................................... 27.8 19.3 29.2 27.1 26.2 31.0 28.5 27.3 38.2 29.0 28.7 30.9 28.0

 Wholesale trade .................................................... 4.5 2.6 4.9 4.0 3.9 4.3 4.8 4.4 10.6 5.0 5.7 4.4 6.2

 Retail trade ........................................................... 23.2 16.8 24.3 23.1 22.2 26.7 23.6 22.9 27.6 24.0 22.9 26.5 21.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed private nonagricultural wage and salary workers by industry,

sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and area

Northeast Midwest South West

Total New

England

Middle

Atlantic Total

East

North

Central

West

North

Central

Total South

Atlantic

East

South

Central

West

South

Central

Total Mountain Pacific

Hispanic origin–Continued

Finance, insurance, and real estate ....................... 6.8 4.8 7.1 5.2 5.6 3.3 5.7 7.7 1.9 4.5 5.1 4.8 5.2

Services, excluding private households ................. 30.4 35.5 29.6 21.5 21.0 23.6 28.3 30.7 21.3 26.9 27.0 28.9 26.4

 Professional services ............................................ 16.7 20.4 16.1 9.6 9.6 9.9 13.7 14.0 15.4 13.5 11.0 12.7 10.5

 Educational services ........................................... 2.1 2.6 2.0 1.4 1.5 .8 1.7 1.6 .1 1.9 1.0 .9 1.0

 Health services, including hospitals .................... 9.1 11.1 8.8 5.3 5.2 5.3 7.7 7.4 13.2 7.8 5.9 7.1 5.5

1 Less than 500 persons.

 NOTE: Totals for the summary groups published include other industries, not

shown separately. Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed

percentages because of rounding. Data on rubber and miscellaneous plastics

products are not available.
Table 7. Census regions and divisions: Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages

(In thousands)

Population group and area Total at work

Hours of work

1 to 14

hours

15 to 29

hours

30 to 34

hours

35 hours and over

Total 35 to 39

hours

40

hours

41 to 48

hours

49 hours

and over

TOTAL

Northeast ............................................................ 23,570 1,210 3,122 1,745 17,493 2,127 8,410 2,551 4,404

 New England ..................................................... 6,471 350 849 535 4,737 524 2,171 785 1,257

 Middle Atlantic ................................................... 17,099 859 2,273 1,211 12,755 1,603 6,238 1,767 3,147

Midwest .............................................................. 30,245 1,683 3,824 2,330 22,407 2,026 9,863 3,926 6,592

 East North Central ............................................. 20,904 1,103 2,627 1,576 15,598 1,397 7,035 2,665 4,502

 West North Central ............................................ 9,338 579 1,197 754 6,808 628 2,829 1,261 2,089

South .................................................................. 42,994 1,841 4,843 3,072 33,237 2,826 16,656 5,027 8,728

 South Atlantic .................................................... 22,388 901 2,438 1,593 17,455 1,452 8,979 2,605 4,418

 East South Central ............................................ 7,272 341 843 533 5,555 509 2,708 886 1,452

 West South Central ........................................... 13,334 599 1,562 945 10,227 866 4,969 1,536 2,857

West ................................................................... 27,165 1,372 3,496 2,186 20,111 1,653 10,178 2,921 5,358

 Mountain ............................................................ 7,714 412 960 600 5,741 490 2,743 896 1,612

 Pacific ................................................................ 19,449 960 2,536 1,586 14,368 1,162 7,437 2,025 3,744

Men

Northeast ............................................................ 12,591 427 1,058 684 10,422 763 4,804 1,592 3,264

 New England ..................................................... 3,402 128 273 195 2,806 191 1,228 476 911

 Middle Atlantic ................................................... 9,189 299 785 488 7,616 572 3,576 1,116 2,352

Midwest .............................................................. 16,270 600 1,323 921 13,426 725 5,398 2,394 4,910

 East North Central ............................................. 11,302 397 892 620 9,394 491 3,882 1,640 3,381

 West North Central ............................................ 4,967 203 431 301 4,032 234 1,516 754 1,528

South .................................................................. 23,224 709 1,862 1,271 19,383 1,092 8,853 3,024 6,414

 South Atlantic .................................................... 11,981 356 913 651 10,061 548 4,770 1,555 3,190

 East South Central ............................................ 3,889 129 336 208 3,216 187 1,419 527 1,083

 West South Central ........................................... 7,353 224 613 412 6,105 357 2,664 943 2,141

West ................................................................... 15,163 539 1,382 963 12,279 728 5,901 1,780 3,870

 Mountain ............................................................ 4,275 156 375 255 3,489 211 1,552 551 1,175

 Pacific ................................................................ 10,887 382 1,007 708 8,790 517 4,351 1,228 2,694

Women

Northeast ............................................................ 10,980 783 2,064 1,062 7,071 1,365 3,606 960 1,141

 New England ..................................................... 3,069 223 576 339 1,931 333 943 309 345

 Middle Atlantic ................................................... 7,910 560 1,488 722 5,140 1,031 2,662 651 795

Midwest .............................................................. 13,974 1,083 2,501 1,409 8,981 1,301 4,465 1,533 1,683

 East North Central ............................................. 9,602 706 1,735 956 6,205 906 3,152 1,025 1,121

 West North Central ............................................ 4,371 377 766 453 2,776 394 1,313 507 561

South .................................................................. 19,769 1,133 2,981 1,801 13,854 1,734 7,803 2,003 2,314

 South Atlantic .................................................... 10,406 545 1,525 942 7,394 904 4,210 1,050 1,229

 East South Central ............................................ 3,383 212 507 326 2,339 322 1,288 360 369

 West South Central ........................................... 5,980 375 949 533 4,122 508 2,305 593 716

West ................................................................... 12,002 833 2,114 1,223 7,832 925 4,277 1,141 1,488

 Mountain ............................................................ 3,438 256 585 344 2,252 280 1,191 344 438

 Pacific ................................................................ 8,562 577 1,529 878 5,578 645 3,086 796 1,050

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Northeast ............................................................ 1,115 292 463 79 280 59 153 33 35

 New England ..................................................... 344 96 142 27 79 15 41 12 11

 Middle Atlantic ................................................... 770 196 322 52 201 44 112 21 25

Midwest .............................................................. 1,888 459 747 163 519 107 249 75 88

 East North Central ............................................. 1,269 309 502 112 346 71 173 50 52

 West North Central ............................................ 619 150 245 50 173 35 76 25 36

South .................................................................. 2,097 341 859 212 685 151 369 80 86

 South Atlantic .................................................... 1,052 178 434 100 339 74 199 33 33

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Census regions and divisions: Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages — Continued

(In thousands)

Population group and area Total at work

Hours of work

1 to 14

hours

15 to 29

hours

30 to 34

hours

35 hours and over

Total 35 to 39

hours

40

hours

41 to 48

hours

49 hours

and over

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years–Continued

 East South Central ............................................ 382 62 159 33 128 32 61 15 20

 West South Central ........................................... 664 101 266 79 218 45 109 31 33

West ................................................................... 1,317 262 519 141 395 79 218 52 45

 Mountain ............................................................ 482 89 177 55 160 34 87 20 20

 Pacific ................................................................ 834 173 341 86 234 45 131 32 25

White

Northeast ............................................................ 20,293 1,088 2,746 1,535 14,925 1,748 6,893 2,312 3,972

 New England ..................................................... 5,998 334 802 499 4,363 484 1,937 747 1,195

 Middle Atlantic ................................................... 14,294 753 1,944 1,035 10,561 1,264 4,956 1,564 2,776

Midwest .............................................................. 27,268 1,571 3,462 2,117 20,118 1,824 8,490 3,660 6,144

 East North Central ............................................. 18,537 1,020 2,348 1,413 13,756 1,231 5,914 2,463 4,147

 West North Central ............................................ 8,728 550 1,113 704 6,360 593 2,576 1,196 1,996

South .................................................................. 34,347 1,553 3,925 2,407 26,462 2,213 12,551 4,207 7,491

 South Atlantic .................................................... 17,419 755 1,943 1,219 13,502 1,090 6,554 2,113 3,744

 East South Central ............................................ 5,799 287 670 416 4,425 397 2,035 752 1,241

 West South Central ........................................... 11,128 511 1,311 772 8,533 725 3,961 1,342 2,506

West ................................................................... 23,188 1,224 3,014 1,865 17,084 1,434 8,382 2,554 4,715

 Mountain ............................................................ 7,160 392 895 553 5,320 460 2,495 849 1,516

 Pacific ................................................................ 16,019 831 2,119 1,311 11,757 973 5,885 1,703 3,196

Black

Northeast ............................................................ 2,386 94 283 166 1,844 304 1,116 158 266

 New England ..................................................... 342 12 36 29 265 36 157 28 44

 Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2,045 82 247 137 1,579 269 959 130 221

Midwest .............................................................. 2,322 80 285 173 1,784 162 1,110 192 320

 East North Central ............................................. 1,916 63 231 141 1,481 138 938 149 255

 West North Central ............................................ 408 17 54 32 304 24 172 43 65

South .................................................................. 7,523 254 809 588 5,870 544 3,648 704 975

 South Atlantic .................................................... 4,415 133 443 339 3,501 326 2,185 433 558

 East South Central ............................................ 1,398 50 162 111 1,075 101 650 127 196

 West South Central ........................................... 1,711 71 205 139 1,296 116 814 144 221

West ................................................................... 1,121 32 134 95 860 61 550 90 159

 Mountain ............................................................ 207 6 27 17 157 11 91 18 37

 Pacific ................................................................ 915 25 107 78 705 50 459 73 122

Hispanic origin

Northeast ............................................................ 1,767 56 217 120 1,374 164 820 150 239

 New England ..................................................... 243 8 26 21 189 21 117 25 26

 Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1,525 48 191 99 1,186 143 703 126 213

Midwest .............................................................. 987 29 100 74 784 54 475 103 153

 East North Central ............................................. 787 19 75 54 639 37 399 84 119

 West North Central ............................................ 200 9 25 20 146 17 76 18 34

South .................................................................. 4,168 128 489 300 3,250 281 1,874 428 667

 South Atlantic .................................................... 1,555 42 168 112 1,233 89 760 136 248

 East South Central ............................................ 82 5 7 4 66 3 32 11 21

 West South Central ........................................... 2,528 81 314 185 1,949 189 1,081 281 398

West ................................................................... 5,371 187 640 461 4,083 361 2,578 494 650

 Mountain ............................................................ 1,255 43 141 106 965 92 584 122 167

 Pacific ................................................................ 4,119 145 500 355 3,119 268 1,995 373 483

 NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet

BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the

sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals because of

rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals

because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are

included in both the white and black population groups.
Table 8. Census regions and divisions: Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by sex, race, reason for working less than 35 hours, and usual status,

1997 annual averages

(In thousands)

Population group and area

Usually work full time Usually work part time

Total

Slack

work or

business

conditions

Vacation

or

personal

day

Holiday,

legal or

religious

Weatherrelated

curtailment

Other

reasons1

Total

Slack

work or

business

conditions

Could

only find

part-time

work

Childcare

problems

Other

family or

personal

obligations

In

school

or

training

Retired

or Social

Security

limit on

earnings

Other

reasons2

TOTAL

Northeast .............................. 1,777 153 612 296 54 662 4,309 219 378 211 1,078 1,129 403 890

 New England ....................... 498 42 151 111 14 180 1,241 50 92 76 339 338 119 226

 Middle Atlantic ..................... 1,278 111 461 186 39 482 3,068 169 286 135 739 791 283 664

Midwest ................................ 2,378 241 906 123 204 904 5,444 223 332 172 1,396 1,746 519 1,057

 East North Central ............... 1,549 167 588 86 129 579 3,739 163 234 135 951 1,165 343 747

 West North Central .............. 829 73 318 38 76 325 1,705 60 97 37 444 580 176 310

South .................................... 3,542 419 1,036 263 301 1,523 6,216 344 481 209 1,233 1,803 624 1,522

 South Atlantic ...................... 1,754 215 548 154 92 746 3,175 175 248 117 622 879 338 796

 East South Central .............. 646 70 186 38 52 300 1,071 45 77 35 226 334 116 238

 West South Central ............. 1,142 134 302 71 157 477 1,970 124 156 56 385 590 170 488

West ..................................... 2,225 329 749 193 76 879 4,841 420 377 150 1,106 1,395 316 1,077

 Mountain .............................. 620 85 224 43 25 242 1,373 89 82 47 336 412 106 301

 Pacific .................................. 1,606 244 525 149 51 637 3,468 331 296 103 770 982 210 776

Men

Northeast .............................. 875 88 315 134 39 300 1,296 97 154 5 36 503 228 273

 New England ....................... 245 26 77 49 11 82 352 23 36 2 11 151 69 61

 Middle Atlantic ..................... 630 61 238 85 28 218 944 74 119 3 25 352 159 212

Midwest ................................ 1,197 148 464 56 121 407 1,642 104 123 3 45 776 273 316

 East North Central ............... 782 104 305 40 76 257 1,120 81 86 2 30 515 179 228

 West North Central .............. 414 44 159 16 46 150 522 23 38 1 15 262 95 88

South .................................... 1,781 261 504 117 228 672 2,062 157 159 4 58 814 357 513

 South Atlantic ...................... 867 136 264 69 78 320 1,052 76 81 2 33 392 196 272

 East South Central .............. 324 37 88 16 44 139 348 18 27 1 7 159 67 71

 West South Central ............. 590 88 151 32 105 213 661 64 51 1 18 263 94 170

West ..................................... 1,188 214 399 90 66 419 1,701 204 152 10 69 677 193 396

 Mountain .............................. 328 53 117 21 20 117 467 42 30 1 20 201 66 108

 Pacific .................................. 860 161 282 69 45 302 1,234 162 122 9 49 476 127 288

Women

Northeast .............................. 902 65 297 162 15 362 3,012 122 224 206 1,042 626 175 617

 New England ....................... 253 15 74 61 4 98 889 27 57 74 328 187 51 165

 Middle Atlantic ..................... 649 50 223 101 11 264 2,124 95 167 131 714 439 124 452

Midwest ................................ 1,182 93 442 68 83 497 3,802 118 208 169 1,351 969 245 741

 East North Central ............... 766 63 284 46 53 321 2,619 82 149 133 921 651 165 519

 West North Central .............. 415 30 158 22 30 175 1,183 36 60 36 429 319 81 222

South .................................... 1,762 158 532 146 73 852 4,155 187 322 205 1,176 989 267 1,009

 South Atlantic ...................... 888 79 284 85 14 426 2,123 99 167 115 590 486 142 524

 East South Central .............. 321 33 98 22 8 161 723 28 50 34 219 175 50 167

 West South Central ............. 552 46 150 39 52 265 1,309 60 105 56 367 327 76 318

West ..................................... 1,037 115 350 102 10 460 3,140 216 226 140 1,037 717 122 682

 Mountain .............................. 291 32 107 22 5 125 907 48 52 46 316 211 40 194

 Pacific .................................. 746 84 243 80 5 334 2,234 169 174 94 721 506 82 488

White

Northeast .............................. 1,541 133 551 252 50 555 3,939 184 300 199 1,041 1,012 382 821

 New England ....................... 469 39 147 103 14 167 1,207 48 82 72 341 322 119 222

 Middle Atlantic ..................... 1,072 94 404 149 36 388 2,732 136 218 127 700 691 263 598

Midwest ................................ 2,148 216 833 104 191 804 5,147 199 285 156 1,378 1,613 505 1,009

 East North Central ............... 1,380 147 534 71 122 506 3,490 141 198 122 933 1,065 332 699

 West North Central .............. 768 69 299 33 69 298 1,657 58 87 35 445 548 174 310

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Census regions and divisions: Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by sex, race, reason for working less than 35 hours, and usual status,

1997 annual averages — Continued

(In thousands)

Population group and area

Usually work full time Usually work part time

Total

Slack

work or

business

conditions

Vacation

or

personal

day

Holiday,

legal or

religious

Weatherrelated

curtailment

Other

reasons1

Total

Slack

work or

business

conditions

Could

only find

part-time

work

Childcare

problems

Other

family or

personal

obligations

In

school

or

training

Retired

or Social

Security

limit on

earnings

Other

reasons2

White–Continued

South .................................... 2,795 317 865 196 254 1,163 5,243 248 324 175 1,138 1,504 560 1,293

 South Atlantic ...................... 1,337 156 451 111 73 547 2,659 129 166 96 577 718 295 679

 East South Central .............. 503 49 153 30 43 229 890 29 47 30 209 266 107 202

 West South Central ............. 955 113 261 55 139 388 1,694 91 111 49 352 520 158 413

West ..................................... 1,909 288 656 148 69 748 4,338 371 313 139 1,047 1,197 293 980

 Mountain .............................. 572 79 209 39 24 221 1,329 84 73 46 334 392 105 295

 Pacific .................................. 1,337 209 447 109 45 527 3,009 287 240 92 713 805 188 685

Black

Northeast .............................. 190 17 45 36 3 89 368 38 80 12 42 91 19 86

 New England ....................... 22 3 3 6 3 ( ) 10 57 5 12 5 8 15 2 12

 Middle Atlantic ..................... 168 14 42 30 3 79 311 33 68 7 34 77 17 74

Midwest ................................ 189 22 55 17 10 85 361 31 54 16 44 108 20 88

 East North Central ............... 146 18 45 14 5 64 299 27 44 14 36 86 17 75

 West North Central .............. 43 3 10 3 5 21 62 3 10 2 8 23 3 14

South .................................... 668 91 149 63 42 323 1,013 103 163 35 100 290 67 256

 South Atlantic ...................... 378 53 89 40 18 179 552 53 84 22 49 162 43 138

 East South Central .............. 135 20 30 8 9 67 192 17 31 6 19 66 11 41

 West South Central ............. 155 18 29 15 16 77 269 33 48 7 31 61 12 77

West ..................................... 95 11 27 12 2 42 172 23 26 4 16 54 7 43

 Mountain .............................. 17 2 6 2 3 ( ) 8 36 3 7 1 4 11 2 8

 Pacific .................................. 78 10 22 10 2 35 136 19 19 4 11 43 6 35

1 Includes seasonal work, job started or ended, own illness, child-care

problems, other family or personal obligations, labor dispute, in school or training,

civic or military duty, and all other reasons. 2 Includes seasonal work, health and medical limitations, full-time workweek

less than 35 hours, and all other reasons. 3 Less than 500 persons.

 NOTE: Items may not add to totals because of rounding. 
Table 9. Census regions and divisions: Employed persons with a job but not at work by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and reason not at

work, 1997 annual averages

(In thousands)

Population group and area Total Vacation Child-care

problems1 Own illness Other reasons2

TOTAL

Northeast ............................................................................ 1,126 633 103 230 160

 New England ..................................................................... 333 195 36 54 48

 Middle Atlantic ................................................................... 793 438 67 176 112

Midwest .............................................................................. 1,381 749 126 284 222

 East North Central ............................................................. 971 532 88 208 143

 West North Central ............................................................ 409 217 38 76 79

South .................................................................................. 1,882 964 194 381 343

 South Atlantic .................................................................... 912 486 93 188 145

 East South Central ............................................................ 371 174 42 78 77

 West South Central ........................................................... 599 304 59 115 121

West ................................................................................... 1,165 596 136 218 215

 Mountain ............................................................................ 325 167 37 62 59

 Pacific ................................................................................ 840 429 99 156 155

Men

Northeast ............................................................................ 505 298 11 112 84

 New England ..................................................................... 144 87 4 25 28

 Middle Atlantic ................................................................... 361 210 7 88 56

Midwest .............................................................................. 590 332 14 134 110

 East North Central ............................................................. 414 240 10 94 70

 West North Central ............................................................ 176 92 4 40 40

South .................................................................................. 806 423 27 172 184

 South Atlantic .................................................................... 389 218 12 86 73

 East South Central ............................................................ 163 77 8 33 44

 West South Central ........................................................... 254 127 6 54 67

West ................................................................................... 518 270 24 109 115

 Mountain ............................................................................ 138 74 7 26 31

 Pacific ................................................................................ 380 195 17 83 85

Women

Northeast ............................................................................ 621 335 92 118 75

 New England ..................................................................... 189 108 32 30 19

 Middle Atlantic ................................................................... 432 227 60 88 56

Midwest .............................................................................. 791 417 112 150 113

 East North Central ............................................................. 557 292 78 114 73

 West North Central ............................................................ 234 125 33 36 39

South .................................................................................. 1,076 540 167 209 160

 South Atlantic .................................................................... 523 268 81 102 73

 East South Central ............................................................ 208 96 33 45 33

 West South Central ........................................................... 345 176 53 61 55

West ................................................................................... 647 326 113 109 99

 Mountain ............................................................................ 187 93 30 36 29

 Pacific ................................................................................ 460 234 83 73 71

White

Northeast ............................................................................ 985 559 87 199 139

 New England ..................................................................... 313 186 32 52 44

 Middle Atlantic ................................................................... 671 373 55 148 95

Midwest .............................................................................. 1,240 684 112 248 196

 East North Central ............................................................. 862 479 77 179 126

 West North Central ............................................................ 379 205 35 68 70

South .................................................................................. 1,504 794 150 280 280

 South Atlantic .................................................................... 708 391 68 133 116

 East South Central ............................................................ 293 144 31 53 65

 West South Central ........................................................... 502 258 50 94 99

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Census regions and divisions: Employed persons with a job but not at work by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and reason not at

work, 1997 annual averages — Continued

(In thousands)

Population group and area Total Vacation Child-care

problems1 Own illness Other reasons2

White–Continued

West ................................................................................... 1,008 522 115 184 188

 Mountain ............................................................................ 308 159 35 58 56

 Pacific ................................................................................ 700 363 80 125 133

Black

Northeast ............................................................................ 106 52 13 26 15

 New England ..................................................................... 135222

 Middle Atlantic ................................................................... 93 47 11 24 12

Midwest .............................................................................. 114 51 10 30 23

 East North Central ............................................................. 92 43 9 24 16

 West North Central ............................................................ 228257

South .................................................................................. 342 149 39 95 58

 South Atlantic .................................................................... 188 86 22 53 27

 East South Central ............................................................ 75 29 10 24 12

 West South Central ........................................................... 80 35 6 19 19

West ................................................................................... 53 23 6 15 8

 Pacific ................................................................................ 45 19 6 13 7

Hispanic origin

Northeast ............................................................................ 60 34 14 7 5

 New England ..................................................................... 9 5 3 3 ( ) 1

 Middle Atlantic ................................................................... 50 29 11 6 4

Midwest .............................................................................. 34 17 9 3 5

 East North Central ............................................................. 27 13 8 3 3

South .................................................................................. 149 83 30 11 25

 South Atlantic .................................................................... 47 27 10 3 7

 West South Central ........................................................... 98 54 19 8 17

West ................................................................................... 179 81 43 21 34

 Mountain ............................................................................ 46 22 12 5 8

 Pacific ................................................................................ 133 60 31 16 26

1 Includes maternity or paternity leave and other family obligations. 2 Includes labor dispute, bad weather, in school or training, civic or military

duty, and all other reasons. 3 Less than 500 persons.

 NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet

BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the

sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals because of

rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals

because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are

included in both the white and black population groups.
Table 10. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and reason

for unemployment, 1997 annual averages

Population group and area

Total unemployed Job losers and persons who

completed temporary jobs1

Job leavers Reentrants New entrants

Number

(in thousands) Percent Total On temporarylayoff

TOTAL

Northeast .............................................................. 1,405 100.0 49.3 13.9 10.0 32.3 8.4

 New England ....................................................... 314 100.0 50.3 14.7 11.0 32.2 6.5

 Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 1,091 100.0 49.0 13.7 9.7 32.3 8.9

Midwest ................................................................ 1,332 100.0 44.5 17.5 12.3 35.7 7.5

 East North Central ............................................... 977 100.0 46.3 18.8 11.4 34.8 7.5

 West North Central .............................................. 355 100.0 39.5 14.0 14.7 38.2 7.6

South .................................................................... 2,326 100.0 41.9 10.7 13.2 35.9 9.0

 South Atlantic ...................................................... 1,108 100.0 42.1 10.4 13.9 35.9 8.1

 East South Central .............................................. 433 100.0 42.7 13.9 12.5 36.5 8.3

 West South Central ............................................. 785 100.0 41.4 9.4 12.6 35.5 10.5

West ..................................................................... 1,673 100.0 46.3 15.1 10.9 34.3 8.5

 Mountain .............................................................. 362 100.0 40.3 13.7 14.8 39.3 5.7

 Pacific .................................................................. 1,312 100.0 48.0 15.4 9.8 32.9 9.3

Men

Northeast .............................................................. 760 100.0 57.5 16.3 9.5 26.1 6.9

 New England ....................................................... 178 100.0 57.9 16.9 10.5 27.2 4.5

 Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 582 100.0 57.4 16.1 9.2 25.8 7.6

Midwest ................................................................ 718 100.0 53.0 21.8 12.8 28.1 6.2

 East North Central ............................................... 520 100.0 55.6 23.8 11.2 27.5 5.7

 West North Central .............................................. 198 100.0 46.2 16.6 16.9 29.6 7.4

South .................................................................... 1,176 100.0 49.0 13.4 12.9 29.9 8.2

 South Atlantic ...................................................... 554 100.0 49.2 12.7 13.1 30.1 7.6

 East South Central .............................................. 212 100.0 49.7 18.2 11.1 32.0 7.2

 West South Central ............................................. 410 100.0 48.3 11.8 13.6 28.6 9.4

West ..................................................................... 921 100.0 55.1 17.9 10.6 27.3 7.0

 Mountain .............................................................. 193 100.0 50.5 17.7 13.7 31.2 4.6

 Pacific .................................................................. 728 100.0 56.3 18.0 9.8 26.3 7.6

Women

Northeast .............................................................. 645 100.0 39.6 11.2 10.7 39.5 10.1

 New England ....................................................... 136 100.0 40.4 11.9 11.7 38.7 9.2

 Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 509 100.0 39.4 11.0 10.4 39.8 10.4

Midwest ................................................................ 614 100.0 34.6 12.5 11.6 44.7 9.1

 East North Central ............................................... 457 100.0 35.8 13.1 11.5 43.2 9.5

 West North Central .............................................. 157 100.0 31.1 10.7 11.9 49.0 8.0

South .................................................................... 1,150 100.0 34.7 8.0 13.5 42.0 9.8

 South Atlantic ...................................................... 554 100.0 34.9 8.1 14.7 41.8 8.6

 East South Central .............................................. 221 100.0 36.0 9.8 13.8 40.8 9.4

 West South Central ............................................. 375 100.0 33.7 6.9 11.6 43.0 11.7

West ..................................................................... 752 100.0 35.6 11.5 11.3 42.8 10.4

 Mountain .............................................................. 169 100.0 28.5 9.1 16.1 48.5 6.9

 Pacific .................................................................. 584 100.0 37.6 12.2 9.9 41.1 11.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Northeast .............................................................. 235 100.0 15.9 3.6 6.0 45.9 32.2

 New England ....................................................... 56 100.0 17.3 5.0 8.6 47.0 27.2

 Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 179 100.0 15.5 3.1 5.2 45.5 33.8

Midwest ................................................................ 287 100.0 13.7 4.6 8.9 50.6 26.8

 East North Central ............................................... 197 100.0 14.7 5.4 8.7 49.9 26.7

 West North Central .............................................. 90 100.0 11.7 3.0 9.5 52.1 26.8

South .................................................................... 462 100.0 12.9 4.6 8.8 47.0 31.4

 South Atlantic ...................................................... 202 100.0 13.5 5.7 8.0 49.5 29.0

 East South Central .............................................. 89 100.0 15.4 5.6 9.4 44.2 31.0

 West South Central ............................................. 171 100.0 10.7 2.8 9.5 45.5 34.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 10. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and reason

for unemployment, 1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and area

Total unemployed Job losers and persons who

completed temporary jobs1

Job leavers Reentrants New entrants

Number

(in thousands) Percent Total On temporarylayoff

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years–Continued

West ..................................................................... 287 100.0 13.1 5.8 8.3 47.2 31.4

 Mountain .............................................................. 79 100.0 12.9 5.3 13.3 52.6 21.2

 Pacific .................................................................. 208 100.0 13.1 6.0 6.4 45.1 35.4

White

Northeast .............................................................. 1,011 100.0 52.0 16.4 11.1 29.7 7.2

 New England ....................................................... 267 100.0 52.3 16.1 11.1 30.9 5.7

 Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 745 100.0 51.9 16.5 11.1 29.2 7.8

Midwest ................................................................ 1,023 100.0 46.6 20.5 13.7 33.7 6.0

 East North Central ............................................... 728 100.0 49.4 22.4 12.8 32.2 5.7

 West North Central .............................................. 296 100.0 39.8 15.8 16.0 37.3 6.9

South .................................................................... 1,457 100.0 43.9 12.3 15.3 33.3 7.5

 South Atlantic ...................................................... 640 100.0 45.1 12.4 16.3 32.1 6.5

 East South Central .............................................. 265 100.0 46.9 17.8 14.4 32.8 6.0

 West South Central ............................................. 551 100.0 41.1 9.7 14.6 35.0 9.3

West ..................................................................... 1,343 100.0 47.7 16.6 11.0 33.2 8.2

 Mountain .............................................................. 315 100.0 41.0 14.6 14.8 38.7 5.5

 Pacific .................................................................. 1,029 100.0 49.7 17.3 9.8 31.5 9.0

Black

Northeast .............................................................. 337 100.0 40.7 7.8 7.3 40.6 11.5

 New England ....................................................... 41 100.0 40.3 7.5 12.0 37.3 10.4

 Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 297 100.0 40.7 7.8 6.6 41.0 11.7

Midwest ................................................................ 272 100.0 39.3 7.6 7.2 41.9 11.6

 East North Central ............................................... 226 100.0 38.5 8.4 7.0 42.4 12.2

South .................................................................... 807 100.0 38.8 8.1 9.3 40.6 11.3

 South Atlantic ...................................................... 442 100.0 38.4 7.8 10.1 41.6 10.0

 East South Central .............................................. 164 100.0 35.3 7.7 9.6 42.8 12.3

 West South Central ............................................. 202 100.0 42.5 8.9 7.5 36.6 13.4

West ..................................................................... 143 100.0 41.2 6.4 12.8 38.9 7.1

 Pacific .................................................................. 125 100.0 42.4 6.5 12.1 38.6 6.9

Hispanic origin

Northeast .............................................................. 191 100.0 46.1 9.8 7.6 34.5 11.8

 Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 161 100.0 46.5 9.7 7.4 34.4 11.7

Midwest ................................................................ 67 100.0 40.3 14.9 10.1 39.7 9.8

South .................................................................... 319 100.0 42.1 9.1 12.9 33.4 11.6

 South Atlantic ...................................................... 97 100.0 44.0 8.8 12.5 30.9 12.6

 West South Central ............................................. 218 100.0 41.1 9.3 12.6 35.0 11.2

West ..................................................................... 490 100.0 51.0 20.4 6.9 30.7 11.4

 Mountain .............................................................. 79 100.0 40.5 18.8 10.5 40.7 8.3

 Pacific .................................................................. 412 100.0 53.1 20.7 6.2 28.8 12.0

1 Formerly called "job losers". 

 NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet

BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the

sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals because of

rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals

because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are

included in both the white and black population groups.
Table 11. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and duration

of unemployment, 1997 annual averages

Population group and area

Total unemployed

Less than

5 weeks

5 to 14

weeks

15 weeks and over

Number

(in thousands)

Percent Total 15 to 26

weeks

27 weeks and over

Total 27 to 51

weeks

52 weeks

and over

TOTAL

Northeast .................................................................. 1,405 100.0 32.1 30.9 37.1 16.4 20.7 8.9 11.8

 New England ........................................................... 314 100.0 35.4 33.3 31.3 15.5 15.9 7.3 8.5

 Middle Atlantic ......................................................... 1,091 100.0 31.1 30.2 38.7 16.6 22.1 9.3 12.8

Midwest .................................................................... 1,332 100.0 39.9 32.3 27.9 14.4 13.4 6.5 7.0

 East North Central ................................................... 977 100.0 39.5 32.3 28.3 14.8 13.5 6.0 7.5

 West North Central .................................................. 355 100.0 41.0 32.3 26.8 13.5 13.3 7.6 5.7

South ........................................................................ 2,326 100.0 39.0 32.6 28.3 14.1 14.3 6.3 8.0

 South Atlantic .......................................................... 1,108 100.0 39.3 31.7 28.9 14.4 14.5 6.6 7.9

 East South Central .................................................. 433 100.0 35.7 35.0 29.2 16.0 13.2 6.2 7.0

 West South Central ................................................. 785 100.0 40.5 32.5 27.0 12.5 14.5 5.8 8.7

West ......................................................................... 1,673 100.0 38.7 30.8 30.5 14.7 15.9 7.3 8.6

 Mountain .................................................................. 362 100.0 45.3 31.6 23.1 12.4 10.7 5.5 5.2

 Pacific ...................................................................... 1,312 100.0 36.8 30.6 32.6 15.3 17.3 7.8 9.5

Men

Northeast .................................................................. 760 100.0 30.7 30.5 38.8 16.5 22.3 9.4 13.0

 New England ........................................................... 178 100.0 31.8 32.7 35.5 17.0 18.5 8.2 10.3

 Middle Atlantic ......................................................... 582 100.0 30.4 29.8 39.8 16.3 23.5 9.7 13.7

Midwest .................................................................... 718 100.0 39.0 31.1 29.9 15.4 14.5 6.6 7.9

 East North Central ................................................... 520 100.0 39.4 30.8 29.8 15.6 14.2 5.7 8.5

 West North Central .................................................. 198 100.0 37.9 31.9 30.2 14.9 15.2 8.8 6.4

South ........................................................................ 1,176 100.0 38.8 32.5 28.7 14.2 14.5 6.2 8.3

 South Atlantic .......................................................... 554 100.0 39.1 31.7 29.2 14.7 14.5 6.6 7.8

 East South Central .................................................. 212 100.0 35.1 35.8 29.1 16.6 12.5 5.9 6.6

 West South Central ................................................. 410 100.0 40.3 31.9 27.7 12.2 15.6 5.8 9.8

West ......................................................................... 921 100.0 37.3 30.7 32.0 15.6 16.3 7.5 8.8

 Mountain .................................................................. 193 100.0 44.6 31.2 24.1 13.6 10.6 5.0 5.6

 Pacific ...................................................................... 728 100.0 35.3 30.6 34.1 16.2 17.9 8.2 9.7

Women

Northeast .................................................................. 645 100.0 33.7 31.3 35.0 16.3 18.7 8.3 10.5

 New England ........................................................... 136 100.0 40.1 34.0 25.8 13.5 12.4 6.3 6.1

 Middle Atlantic ......................................................... 509 100.0 32.0 30.5 37.5 17.0 20.5 8.8 11.6

Midwest .................................................................... 614 100.0 40.9 33.6 25.5 13.3 12.2 6.3 5.9

 East North Central ................................................... 457 100.0 39.5 33.9 26.6 13.9 12.7 6.4 6.2

 West North Central .................................................. 157 100.0 44.8 32.7 22.5 11.6 10.9 6.0 4.9

South ........................................................................ 1,150 100.0 39.3 32.7 28.0 14.0 14.0 6.3 7.7

 South Atlantic .......................................................... 554 100.0 39.6 31.8 28.7 14.1 14.6 6.6 8.0

 East South Central .................................................. 221 100.0 36.3 34.3 29.4 15.5 13.9 6.6 7.3

 West South Central ................................................. 375 100.0 40.6 33.2 26.2 12.9 13.3 5.8 7.5

West ......................................................................... 752 100.0 40.4 30.9 28.7 13.5 15.3 7.0 8.2

 Mountain .................................................................. 169 100.0 46.2 32.0 21.8 11.1 10.8 6.1 4.7

 Pacific ...................................................................... 584 100.0 38.7 30.5 30.7 14.2 16.6 7.3 9.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Northeast .................................................................. 235 100.0 43.0 34.6 22.3 13.0 9.4 4.5 4.9

 New England ........................................................... 56 100.0 48.3 36.1 15.6 11.1 4.6 1.7 2.9

 Middle Atlantic ......................................................... 179 100.0 41.4 34.2 24.4 13.5 10.9 5.3 5.5

Midwest .................................................................... 287 100.0 49.0 32.7 18.3 10.7 7.6 4.8 2.8

 East North Central ................................................... 197 100.0 49.5 31.4 19.1 11.3 7.8 4.8 3.0

 West North Central .................................................. 90 100.0 48.1 35.4 16.5 9.3 7.2 4.8 2.4

South ........................................................................ 462 100.0 47.1 34.7 18.2 10.2 8.1 3.7 4.3

 South Atlantic .......................................................... 202 100.0 49.5 31.5 19.0 10.3 8.7 4.4 4.3

 East South Central .................................................. 89 100.0 44.6 38.5 16.9 11.6 5.2 3.1 2.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and duration

of unemployment, 1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and area

Total unemployed

Less than

5 weeks

5 to 14

weeks

15 weeks and over

Number

(in thousands)

Percent Total 15 to 26

weeks

27 weeks and over

Total 27 to 51

weeks

52 weeks

and over

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years–Continued

 West South Central ................................................. 171 100.0 45.6 36.4 18.1 9.3 8.8 3.2 5.6

West ......................................................................... 287 100.0 48.3 33.8 17.9 10.7 7.3 3.7 3.5

 Mountain .................................................................. 79 100.0 55.2 31.6 13.2 7.9 5.3 2.7 2.6

 Pacific ...................................................................... 208 100.0 45.6 34.7 19.8 11.8 8.0 4.2 3.9

White

Northeast .................................................................. 1,011 100.0 34.3 31.8 33.9 16.1 17.7 8.4 9.3

 New England ........................................................... 267 100.0 35.8 33.5 30.6 14.9 15.7 7.1 8.6

 Middle Atlantic ......................................................... 745 100.0 33.8 31.2 35.0 16.6 18.4 8.9 9.5

Midwest .................................................................... 1,023 100.0 42.3 32.3 25.4 13.0 12.4 6.0 6.4

 East North Central ................................................... 728 100.0 42.1 32.3 25.6 13.6 12.1 5.5 6.6

 West North Central .................................................. 296 100.0 42.9 32.2 24.9 11.7 13.2 7.4 5.8

South ........................................................................ 1,457 100.0 42.5 32.5 25.0 12.8 12.2 5.7 6.6

 South Atlantic .......................................................... 640 100.0 44.4 31.5 24.0 12.6 11.5 5.5 6.0

 East South Central .................................................. 265 100.0 38.6 36.1 25.4 14.7 10.6 5.3 5.3

 West South Central ................................................. 551 100.0 42.1 31.8 26.0 12.1 13.9 6.0 7.9

West ......................................................................... 1,343 100.0 40.0 31.0 28.9 14.2 14.7 6.9 7.8

 Mountain .................................................................. 315 100.0 46.2 31.3 22.5 12.3 10.2 5.3 4.9

 Pacific ...................................................................... 1,029 100.0 38.1 30.9 30.9 14.8 16.1 7.4 8.7

Black

Northeast .................................................................. 337 100.0 26.0 28.2 45.8 17.3 28.5 9.8 18.7

 New England ........................................................... 41 100.0 32.0 31.7 36.3 20.6 15.6 8.1 7.5

 Middle Atlantic ......................................................... 297 100.0 25.2 27.7 47.1 16.8 30.2 10.0 20.2

Midwest .................................................................... 272 100.0 30.9 32.7 36.4 20.0 16.4 8.2 8.2

 East North Central ................................................... 226 100.0 31.4 32.1 36.5 19.2 17.4 8.1 9.3

South ........................................................................ 807 100.0 32.5 32.9 34.6 16.6 18.0 7.5 10.5

 South Atlantic .......................................................... 442 100.0 31.7 31.9 36.4 17.4 19.0 8.2 10.9

 East South Central .................................................. 164 100.0 30.3 34.0 35.7 18.1 17.6 7.9 9.7

 West South Central ................................................. 202 100.0 36.2 34.1 29.7 13.5 16.2 5.7 10.5

West ......................................................................... 143 100.0 32.3 30.9 36.8 16.2 20.6 10.4 10.2

 Pacific ...................................................................... 125 100.0 31.6 30.4 38.0 16.9 21.1 10.4 10.7

Hispanic origin

Northeast .................................................................. 191 100.0 30.5 29.4 40.1 16.6 23.5 8.9 14.5

 Middle Atlantic ......................................................... 161 100.0 30.7 27.6 41.7 17.1 24.7 9.2 15.4

Midwest .................................................................... 67 100.0 48.2 30.7 21.0 12.0 9.1 3.4 5.6

South ........................................................................ 319 100.0 39.4 32.9 27.7 13.1 14.6 5.9 8.7

 South Atlantic .......................................................... 97 100.0 39.9 31.5 28.6 14.5 14.1 5.9 8.2

 West South Central ................................................. 218 100.0 38.8 33.4 27.9 12.8 15.0 6.0 9.1

West ......................................................................... 490 100.0 39.0 30.6 30.4 14.8 15.6 6.4 9.2

 Mountain .................................................................. 79 100.0 39.8 32.6 27.6 14.0 13.6 7.0 6.7

 Pacific ...................................................................... 412 100.0 38.9 30.2 30.9 15.0 15.9 6.2 9.7

 NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet

BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the

sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals because of

rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals

because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are

included in both the white and black population groups.
ALASKA

CALIF.

ARIZ.

NEV.

N.M.

HAWAII

ARK.

TEX.

COLO.

UTAH

OKLA.

KAN. MO.

IDAHO

WYO.

ORE.

WASH.

MONT.

IOWA NEB.

S.D.

MINN.

N.D.

ALA.

LA.

MISS.

FLA.

TENN.

ILL.

KY.

GA.

S.C.

N.C.

VA.

W.VA.

D.C.

IND.

OHIO

MICH.

PA.

WIS.

MD.

DEL.

N.Y.

N.J.

VT.

CONN.

MASS. N.H.

R.I.

MAINE

East

East

New England

Middle

Atlantic

North Central

West

Mountain North Central

Pacific

South Central

West

South Central

South 

Atlantic

AA_97

 6.5% or over

 5.5% - 6.4%

 4.5% - 5.4%

 3.5% - 4.4% 

 3.4% or below

Chart 1. Unemployment rates by state, 1997 annual averages

(U.S. rate = 4.9 percent)

ALASKA

CALIF.

ARIZ.

NEV.

N.M.

HAWAII

ARK.

TEX.

COLO.

UTAH

OKLA.

KAN. MO.

IDAHO

WYO.

ORE.

WASH.

MONT.

IOWA NEB.

S.D.

MINN.

N.D.

ALA.

LA.

MISS.

FLA.

TENN.

ILL.

KY.

GA.

S.C.

N.C.

VA.

W.VA.

D.C.

IND.

OHIO

MICH.

PA.

WIS.

MD.

DEL.

N.Y.

N.J.

VT.

CONN.

MASS. N.H.

R.I.

MAINE

East

South Central

Pacific

Mountain West

North Central

East

North Central

Middle

Atlantic

New England

South 

Atlantic

West

South Central

EPOP_98

 66.0% or over

 62.0% - 65.9%

 61.9% or below

Chart 2. Employment-population ratios by State, 1997 annual averages

(U.S. average = 63.8 percent)
Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

State and population group

Civilian noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force Employment Unemployment

Number Percent of

population Number Percent ofpopulation Number Rate Error range ofrate1

Alabama

Total ................................................................................ 3,338 2,174 65.1 2,064 61.8 110 5.1 4.5 - 5.7

 Men ................................................................................ 1,605 1,167 72.7 1,116 69.5 51 4.4 3.6 - 5.1

 Women .......................................................................... 1,733 1,007 58.1 948 54.7 59 5.9 5.0 - 6.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 283 136 48.1 111 39.2 25 18.4 14.8 - 22.0

 White ............................................................................. 2,447 1,616 66.0 1,564 63.9 52 3.2 2.7 - 3.8

 Men ............................................................................... 1,197 896 74.9 870 72.7 27 3.0 2.2 - 3.7

 Women ......................................................................... 1,250 719 57.6 694 55.5 26 3.6 2.7 - 4.4

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 181 92 50.9 83 45.7 9 10.1 6.3 - 13.8

 Black .............................................................................. 859 536 62.4 478 55.7 58 10.8 9.2 - 12.4

 Men ............................................................................... 397 264 66.5 240 60.4 24 9.2 7.1 - 11.4

 Women ......................................................................... 462 272 58.9 238 51.6 33 12.3 10.1 - 14.5

Alaska

Total ................................................................................ 426 316 74.2 291 68.3 25 7.9 7.1 - 8.6

 Men ................................................................................ 215 172 80.4 157 73.0 16 9.2 8.2 - 10.2

 Women .......................................................................... 211 144 67.9 134 63.6 9 6.3 5.3 - 7.3

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 40 20 50.8 16 40.2 4 20.9 20.4 - 21.4

 White ............................................................................. 344 264 76.8 246 71.6 18 6.8 6.1 - 7.6

 Men ............................................................................... 177 146 82.5 134 76.0 12 7.9 6.9 - 9.0

 Women ......................................................................... 167 118 70.8 112 66.9 6 5.5 4.5 - 6.4

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 30 16 53.5 13 43.2 3 19.4 17.8 - 20.9

 Black .............................................................................. 15 10 68.3 9 63.1 1 7.6 4.1 - 11.1

 Men ............................................................................... 7 5 79.6 5 74.1 2 ( ) 6.9 2.4 - 11.5

 Women ......................................................................... 8 4 58.1 4 53.2 2 ( ) 8.5 3.1 - 14.0

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 8 7 79.8 6 70.7 1 11.3 6.3 - 16.3

 Men ............................................................................... 5 4 90.2 4 80.8 2 ( ) 10.4 4.3 - 16.5

Arizona

Total ................................................................................ 3,396 2,166 63.8 2,065 60.8 101 4.6 4.1 - 5.2

 Men ................................................................................ 1,654 1,202 72.6 1,150 69.6 51 4.3 3.5 - 5.0

 Women .......................................................................... 1,742 964 55.3 914 52.5 49 5.1 4.3 - 6.0

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 290 143 49.3 122 42.2 21 14.4 11.0 - 17.7

 White ............................................................................. 3,107 1,977 63.6 1,892 60.9 85 4.3 3.7 - 4.9

 Men ............................................................................... 1,524 1,106 72.6 1,062 69.7 44 4.0 3.3 - 4.7

 Women ......................................................................... 1,583 871 55.0 830 52.5 40 4.6 3.8 - 5.5

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 257 131 51.0 114 44.3 17 13.1 9.7 - 16.5

 Black .............................................................................. 124 83 67.0 76 61.1 7 8.7 5.4 - 12.1

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 851 552 64.9 524 61.6 28 5.1 3.8 - 6.4

 Men ............................................................................... 438 344 78.5 328 75.0 16 4.5 2.9 - 6.1

 Women ......................................................................... 413 208 50.4 196 47.3 13 6.1 3.9 - 8.4

Arkansas

Total ................................................................................ 1,918 1,211 63.1 1,147 59.8 64 5.3 4.7 - 5.9

 Men ................................................................................ 914 639 69.9 603 65.9 37 5.7 4.8 - 6.6

 Women .......................................................................... 1,004 572 56.9 544 54.2 28 4.8 3.9 - 5.7

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 152 76 49.7 61 40.3 14 18.9 14.7 - 23.0

 White ............................................................................. 1,583 1,016 64.2 977 61.7 39 3.8 3.2 - 4.4

 Men ............................................................................... 764 548 71.7 525 68.7 23 4.1 3.3 - 5.0

 Women ......................................................................... 819 468 57.1 451 55.1 16 3.5 2.7 - 4.3

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 117 62 52.8 53 45.1 9 14.5 10.3 - 18.8

 Black .............................................................................. 306 174 56.9 150 49.2 24 13.7 11.2 - 16.2

 Men ............................................................................... 140 83 59.6 70 49.9 14 16.4 12.8 - 20.0

 Women ......................................................................... 166 91 54.7 81 48.6 10 11.2 7.9 - 14.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages

— Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

State and population group

Civilian noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force Employment Unemployment

Number Percent of

population Number Percent ofpopulation Number Rate Error range ofrate1

California

Total ................................................................................ 24,110 15,972 66.2 14,966 62.1 1,006 6.3 6.0 - 6.6

 Men ................................................................................ 11,844 8,911 75.2 8,355 70.5 556 6.2 5.9 - 6.6

 Women .......................................................................... 12,266 7,061 57.6 6,611 53.9 450 6.4 6.0 - 6.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 1,773 737 41.6 585 33.0 152 20.6 18.6 - 22.6

 White ............................................................................. 19,370 12,966 66.9 12,188 62.9 778 6.0 5.7 - 6.3

 Men ............................................................................... 9,578 7,335 76.6 6,907 72.1 428 5.8 5.4 - 6.2

 Women ......................................................................... 9,791 5,631 57.5 5,281 53.9 351 6.2 5.8 - 6.7

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 1,360 616 45.3 495 36.4 121 19.7 17.5 - 21.8

 Black .............................................................................. 1,573 980 62.3 864 54.9 116 11.8 10.5 - 13.2

 Men ............................................................................... 760 507 66.7 441 58.0 66 13.0 11.1 - 15.0

 Women ......................................................................... 814 473 58.1 423 52.0 50 10.6 8.7 - 12.4

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 6,311 4,380 69.4 3,990 63.2 390 8.9 8.3 - 9.5

 Men ............................................................................... 3,242 2,666 82.2 2,444 75.4 223 8.4 7.6 - 9.1

 Women ......................................................................... 3,069 1,714 55.8 1,546 50.4 167 9.8 8.8 - 10.7

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 652 267 41.0 198 30.3 69 26.0 22.5 - 29.5

Colorado

Total ................................................................................ 2,964 2,158 72.8 2,088 70.4 70 3.3 2.8 - 3.7

 Men ................................................................................ 1,480 1,167 78.8 1,129 76.3 38 3.2 2.6 - 3.9

 Women .......................................................................... 1,484 991 66.8 959 64.6 33 3.3 2.6 - 4.0

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 207 127 61.3 109 52.7 18 14.1 11.2 - 17.0

 White ............................................................................. 2,761 2,015 73.0 1,952 70.7 62 3.1 2.6 - 3.6

 Men ............................................................................... 1,383 1,093 79.0 1,060 76.7 33 3.0 2.4 - 3.6

 Women ......................................................................... 1,378 922 66.9 892 64.7 29 3.2 2.5 - 3.9

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 187 116 62.1 101 54.2 15 12.8 9.8 - 15.8

 Black .............................................................................. 100 73 73.0 68 68.0 5 6.9 3.8 - 10.1

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 391 277 70.9 264 67.6 13 4.6 3.2 - 6.0

 Men ............................................................................... 197 156 79.3 150 76.2 6 3.9 2.2 - 5.6

 Women ......................................................................... 194 121 62.4 114 58.9 7 5.6 3.4 - 7.9

Connecticut

Total ................................................................................ 2,523 1,723 68.3 1,635 64.8 88 5.1 4.4 - 5.8

 Men ................................................................................ 1,200 887 73.9 835 69.6 52 5.9 4.9 - 6.8

 Women .......................................................................... 1,323 836 63.2 800 60.5 36 4.3 3.4 - 5.2

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 178 104 58.1 88 49.5 15 14.9 11.2 - 18.6

 White ............................................................................. 2,195 1,491 67.9 1,426 64.9 65 4.4 3.7 - 5.0

 Men ............................................................................... 1,054 784 74.4 744 70.6 40 5.1 4.2 - 6.1

 Women ......................................................................... 1,142 707 61.9 682 59.7 25 3.5 2.7 - 4.4

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 148 90 60.7 78 52.8 12 13.1 9.2 - 16.9

 Black .............................................................................. 292 207 70.9 185 63.3 22 10.6 8.2 - 13.0

 Men ............................................................................... 126 86 68.8 76 60.1 11 12.6 8.7 - 16.5

 Women ......................................................................... 167 121 72.5 110 65.8 11 9.2 6.2 - 12.2

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 174 118 68.0 101 58.1 17 14.5 10.8 - 18.1

 Men ............................................................................... 82 60 73.2 50 60.5 10 17.4 12.0 - 22.8

 Women ......................................................................... 91 58 63.2 51 56.0 7 11.4 6.6 - 16.2

Delaware

Total ................................................................................ 564 380 67.3 364 64.6 15 4.0 3.5 - 4.6

 Men ................................................................................ 270 195 72.2 186 69.0 9 4.4 3.6 - 5.3

 Women .......................................................................... 294 185 62.8 178 60.5 7 3.6 2.8 - 4.4

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 45 22 50.0 19 42.5 3 15.1 11.2 - 19.0

 White ............................................................................. 438 288 65.7 278 63.5 10 3.3 2.7 - 3.9

 Men ............................................................................... 212 152 71.5 147 69.2 5 3.1 2.3 - 3.9

 Women ......................................................................... 226 136 60.2 131 58.1 5 3.6 2.7 - 4.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages

— Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

State and population group

Civilian noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force Employment Unemployment

Number Percent of

population Number Percent ofpopulation Number Rate Error range ofrate1

Delaware–Continued

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 32 17 53.2 15 47.5 2 10.7 6.7 - 14.8

 Black .............................................................................. 112 82 73.2 76 68.3 5 6.7 5.2 - 8.2

 Men ............................................................................... 51 38 75.0 34 67.8 4 9.5 6.9 - 12.1

 Women ......................................................................... 61 44 71.8 42 68.8 2 4.2 2.6 - 5.9

District of Columbia

Total ................................................................................ 416 257 61.8 237 56.9 20 7.9 7.1 - 8.7

 Men ................................................................................ 189 126 66.5 117 61.7 9 7.2 6.1 - 8.3

 Women .......................................................................... 227 131 57.8 120 52.8 11 8.6 7.4 - 9.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 21 6 30.3 4 17.5 3 42.4 36.8 - 47.9

 White ............................................................................. 132 102 77.0 99 74.8 3 2.9 2.1 - 3.7

 Men ............................................................................... 66 54 82.3 53 80.1 1 2.7 1.6 - 3.7

 Women ......................................................................... 66 47 71.8 46 69.5 1 3.1 1.9 - 4.4

 Black .............................................................................. 277 150 54.3 133 48.2 17 11.4 10.1 - 12.6

 Men ............................................................................... 121 70 57.9 63 51.7 8 10.7 9.0 - 12.5

 Women ......................................................................... 156 80 51.6 71 45.4 10 11.9 10.2 - 13.6

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 17 5 28.9 3 14.9 2 48.5 41.0 - 56.1

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 23 17 76.0 16 69.3 2 8.8 5.6 - 12.0

 Men ............................................................................... 12 10 81.0 9 73.7 1 9.0 4.7 - 13.4

 Women ......................................................................... 11 8 70.2 7 64.3 1 8.5 3.7 - 13.3

Florida

Total ................................................................................ 11,404 7,106 62.3 6,768 59.3 338 4.8 4.5 - 5.1

 Men ................................................................................ 5,456 3,811 69.8 3,632 66.6 178 4.7 4.3 - 5.1

 Women .......................................................................... 5,948 3,295 55.4 3,136 52.7 160 4.8 4.4 - 5.3

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 687 351 51.1 302 43.9 49 13.9 12.0 - 15.9

 White ............................................................................. 9,736 5,961 61.2 5,723 58.8 237 4.0 3.7 - 4.3

 Men ............................................................................... 4,669 3,231 69.2 3,107 66.5 124 3.8 3.4 - 4.2

 Women ......................................................................... 5,067 2,730 53.9 2,617 51.6 113 4.1 3.7 - 4.6

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 535 287 53.6 254 47.5 33 11.4 9.4 - 13.4

 Black .............................................................................. 1,441 987 68.5 894 62.1 93 9.4 8.4 - 10.5

 Men ............................................................................... 677 491 72.5 441 65.2 50 10.1 8.6 - 11.6

 Women ......................................................................... 764 496 65.0 453 59.3 44 8.8 7.4 - 10.2

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 137 59 43.0 44 32.0 15 25.4 20.2 - 30.7

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 1,828 1,219 66.7 1,146 62.7 73 6.0 5.2 - 6.8

 Men ............................................................................... 901 698 77.5 662 73.5 35 5.1 4.1 - 6.0

 Women ......................................................................... 927 521 56.2 483 52.1 38 7.2 5.9 - 8.5

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 114 52 45.7 45 39.9 7 12.7 7.7 - 17.8

Georgia

Total ................................................................................ 5,637 3,907 69.3 3,730 66.2 177 4.5 4.0 - 5.0

 Men ................................................................................ 2,663 2,074 77.9 1,990 74.7 85 4.1 3.4 - 4.7

 Women .......................................................................... 2,974 1,833 61.6 1,740 58.5 93 5.1 4.3 - 5.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 467 247 52.9 204 43.8 43 17.3 14.0 - 20.6

 White ............................................................................. 3,871 2,693 69.6 2,615 67.5 79 2.9 2.4 - 3.4

 Men ............................................................................... 1,878 1,488 79.2 1,447 77.1 41 2.7 2.1 - 3.4

 Women ......................................................................... 1,992 1,205 60.5 1,167 58.6 38 3.2 2.4 - 3.9

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 279 165 59.0 147 52.8 17 10.5 7.0 - 13.9

 Black .............................................................................. 1,681 1,154 68.6 1,058 62.9 96 8.3 7.2 - 9.5

 Men ............................................................................... 745 553 74.3 511 68.6 42 7.7 6.1 - 9.3

 Women ......................................................................... 936 600 64.2 547 58.5 53 8.9 7.3 - 10.5

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 177 77 43.2 52 29.6 24 31.5 29.5 - 33.5

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 108 80 74.5 77 71.3 3 4.3 1.1 - 7.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages

— Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

State and population group

Civilian noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force Employment Unemployment

Number Percent of

population Number Percent ofpopulation Number Rate Error range ofrate1

Hawaii

Total ................................................................................ 873 592 67.8 554 63.5 38 6.4 5.7 - 7.1

 Men ................................................................................ 413 300 72.8 279 67.5 22 7.2 6.1 - 8.3

 Women .......................................................................... 460 292 63.4 275 59.9 16 5.6 4.6 - 6.5

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 55 26 46.9 21 38.0 5 19.0 13.8 - 24.3

 White ............................................................................. 251 169 67.2 158 62.9 11 6.4 5.0 - 7.7

 Men ............................................................................... 125 93 74.0 87 69.3 6 6.4 4.5 - 8.2

 Women ......................................................................... 126 76 60.4 71 56.6 5 6.4 4.4 - 8.4

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 24 15 63.7 14 58.5 1 8.1 3.3 - 13.0

Idaho

Total ................................................................................ 898 634 70.6 600 66.8 34 5.3 4.7 - 5.9

 Men ................................................................................ 448 349 77.8 330 73.8 18 5.2 4.4 - 6.0

 Women .......................................................................... 450 285 63.3 269 59.8 16 5.5 4.6 - 6.4

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 88 54 62.2 47 53.9 7 13.3 10.5 - 16.0

 White ............................................................................. 876 619 70.7 587 67.0 33 5.3 4.7 - 5.8

 Men ............................................................................... 437 341 78.0 323 74.0 17 5.1 4.3 - 5.9

 Women ......................................................................... 439 279 63.5 264 60.0 15 5.4 4.6 - 6.3

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 86 54 62.5 46 54.1 7 13.3 10.5 - 16.1

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 61 43 71.3 39 64.2 4 9.9 7.1 - 12.8

 Men ............................................................................... 34 28 83.7 26 75.4 3 9.9 6.3 - 13.4

 Women ......................................................................... 27 15 55.6 13 50.1 1 10.0 5.1 - 14.9

Illinois

Total ................................................................................ 8,943 6,130 68.5 5,842 65.3 288 4.7 4.4 - 5.0

 Men ................................................................................ 4,299 3,310 77.0 3,149 73.2 161 4.8 4.4 - 5.3

 Women .......................................................................... 4,644 2,820 60.7 2,692 58.0 128 4.5 4.0 - 5.0

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 716 388 54.2 333 46.5 55 14.1 12.1 - 16.2

 White ............................................................................. 7,371 5,126 69.5 4,943 67.1 183 3.6 3.2 - 3.9

 Men ............................................................................... 3,597 2,835 78.8 2,727 75.8 108 3.8 3.4 - 4.3

 Women ......................................................................... 3,774 2,291 60.7 2,216 58.7 75 3.3 2.8 - 3.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 557 330 59.2 293 52.7 36 11.0 9.0 - 13.1

 Black .............................................................................. 1,292 806 62.4 712 55.1 94 11.6 10.4 - 12.9

 Men ............................................................................... 570 371 65.0 323 56.6 48 13.0 11.0 - 14.9

 Women ......................................................................... 722 435 60.3 390 54.0 46 10.5 8.8 - 12.1

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 134 50 37.3 32 23.9 18 36.1 29.8 - 42.3

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 733 525 71.7 495 67.5 31 5.8 4.6 - 7.0

 Men ............................................................................... 408 349 85.7 330 81.0 19 5.5 4.1 - 6.9

 Women ......................................................................... 325 176 54.1 164 50.6 11 6.4 4.3 - 8.6

Indiana

Total ................................................................................ 4,467 3,094 69.3 2,985 66.8 109 3.5 3.0 - 4.0

 Men ................................................................................ 2,144 1,673 78.0 1,614 75.3 59 3.5 2.9 - 4.2

 Women .......................................................................... 2,323 1,421 61.2 1,371 59.0 50 3.5 2.8 - 4.2

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 331 190 57.4 170 51.3 20 10.7 7.7 - 13.7

 White ............................................................................. 4,100 2,856 69.7 2,768 67.5 88 3.1 2.6 - 3.5

 Men ............................................................................... 1,972 1,557 79.0 1,510 76.6 47 3.0 2.4 - 3.6

 Women ......................................................................... 2,128 1,299 61.0 1,258 59.1 41 3.1 2.4 - 3.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 299 179 60.0 162 54.0 18 9.9 6.9 - 12.9

 Black .............................................................................. 320 211 66.0 191 59.6 20 9.7 7.0 - 12.4

 Men ............................................................................... 148 102 68.8 90 61.0 12 11.3 7.3 - 15.4

 Women ......................................................................... 172 109 63.6 100 58.5 9 8.1 4.6 - 11.6

Iowa

Total ................................................................................ 2,170 1,577 72.7 1,526 70.3 51 3.3 2.8 - 3.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages

— Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

State and population group

Civilian noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force Employment Unemployment

Number Percent of

population Number Percent ofpopulation Number Rate Error range ofrate1

Iowa–Continued

 Men ................................................................................ 1,048 824 78.6 795 75.9 29 3.5 2.8 - 4.2

 Women .......................................................................... 1,122 753 67.2 731 65.1 23 3.0 2.3 - 3.7

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 153 108 70.7 94 61.7 14 12.7 9.5 - 15.9

 White ............................................................................. 2,083 1,512 72.5 1,465 70.3 47 3.1 2.6 - 3.6

 Men ............................................................................... 1,005 789 78.5 762 75.8 27 3.4 2.7 - 4.1

 Women ......................................................................... 1,078 722 67.0 702 65.1 20 2.7 2.1 - 3.4

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 145 103 70.8 90 62.4 12 11.9 8.7 - 15.1

Kansas

Total ................................................................................ 1,938 1,366 70.5 1,315 67.8 52 3.8 3.3 - 4.3

 Men ................................................................................ 935 726 77.6 701 75.0 25 3.4 2.7 - 4.1

 Women .......................................................................... 1,003 640 63.9 613 61.2 27 4.2 3.4 - 5.0

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 172 110 63.8 95 55.1 15 13.5 10.6 - 16.4

 White ............................................................................. 1,753 1,237 70.6 1,196 68.3 41 3.3 2.8 - 3.8

 Men ............................................................................... 851 663 77.9 641 75.4 22 3.2 2.6 - 3.9

 Women ......................................................................... 902 574 63.7 555 61.5 19 3.4 2.6 - 4.1

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 150 99 65.7 87 58.1 11 11.6 8.7 - 14.5

 Black .............................................................................. 121 85 69.6 76 62.7 8 9.8 6.6 - 13.1

 Men ............................................................................... 54 41 76.6 39 71.3 3 7.0 3.0 - 11.0

 Women ......................................................................... 67 43 63.9 38 55.9 5 12.6 7.7 - 17.5

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 80 57 71.1 54 66.9 3 5.9 2.9 - 8.9

 Men ............................................................................... 47 40 84.9 38 81.7 2 3.8 .8 - 6.9

Kentucky

Total ................................................................................ 3,019 1,928 63.9 1,824 60.4 104 5.4 4.8 - 6.0

 Men ................................................................................ 1,430 1,011 70.7 964 67.4 47 4.6 3.8 - 5.4

 Women .......................................................................... 1,589 917 57.7 860 54.1 57 6.2 5.3 - 7.2

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 236 126 53.3 103 43.5 23 18.4 15.3 - 21.5

 White ............................................................................. 2,773 1,765 63.6 1,674 60.4 91 5.2 4.5 - 5.8

 Men ............................................................................... 1,319 931 70.6 888 67.3 43 4.6 3.8 - 5.4

 Women ......................................................................... 1,454 834 57.4 786 54.0 48 5.8 4.8 - 6.7

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 211 115 54.5 93 44.2 22 18.9 15.7 - 22.2

 Black .............................................................................. 224 147 65.5 134 59.8 13 8.8 6.1 - 11.5

 Men ............................................................................... 101 71 70.2 67 66.3 4 5.7 2.4 - 8.9

 Women ......................................................................... 124 76 61.7 67 54.5 9 11.7 7.7 - 15.7

Louisiana

Total ................................................................................ 3,259 2,024 62.1 1,900 58.3 124 6.1 5.5 - 6.8

 Men ................................................................................ 1,534 1,067 69.5 1,009 65.8 58 5.4 4.6 - 6.3

 Women .......................................................................... 1,725 957 55.5 891 51.7 66 6.9 5.9 - 7.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 297 114 38.4 92 30.9 22 19.5 15.6 - 23.4

 White ............................................................................. 2,257 1,427 63.2 1,371 60.7 56 4.0 3.3 - 4.6

 Men ............................................................................... 1,108 798 72.0 769 69.4 29 3.6 2.8 - 4.4

 Women ......................................................................... 1,149 630 54.8 602 52.4 28 4.4 3.4 - 5.4

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 176 78 44.4 69 39.1 9 12.1 7.9 - 16.3

 Black .............................................................................. 948 561 59.2 497 52.4 64 11.5 10.0 - 12.9

 Men ............................................................................... 402 251 62.5 222 55.4 29 11.4 9.2 - 13.6

 Women ......................................................................... 547 310 56.8 275 50.2 36 11.5 9.5 - 13.5

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 116 36 30.8 23 19.8 13 35.7 29.7 - 41.7

Maine

Total ................................................................................ 972 659 67.8 623 64.1 36 5.4 4.7 - 6.1

 Men ................................................................................ 474 349 73.5 329 69.3 20 5.7 4.8 - 6.6

 Women .......................................................................... 498 310 62.3 294 59.1 16 5.0 4.1 - 6.0

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 70 41 58.4 35 49.6 6 15.0 11.3 - 18.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages

— Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

State and population group

Civilian noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force Employment Unemployment

Number Percent of

population Number Percent ofpopulation Number Rate Error range ofrate1

Maine–Continued

 White ............................................................................. 959 650 67.7 615 64.1 35 5.3 4.7 - 6.0

 Men ............................................................................... 469 345 73.6 325 69.3 20 5.7 4.8 - 6.7

 Women ......................................................................... 490 305 62.1 290 59.1 15 4.9 4.0 - 5.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 68 40 58.5 34 50.1 6 14.4 10.7 - 18.1

Maryland

Total ................................................................................ 3,913 2,789 71.3 2,648 67.7 142 5.1 4.5 - 5.7

 Men ................................................................................ 1,876 1,445 77.0 1,370 73.1 74 5.1 4.3 - 6.0

 Women .......................................................................... 2,037 1,345 66.0 1,277 62.7 67 5.0 4.2 - 5.9

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 247 132 53.6 108 43.7 25 18.5 14.2 - 22.9

 White ............................................................................. 2,839 2,001 70.5 1,931 68.0 70 3.5 2.9 - 4.1

 Men ............................................................................... 1,377 1,073 77.9 1,037 75.3 36 3.3 2.5 - 4.1

 Women ......................................................................... 1,462 928 63.5 894 61.2 34 3.7 2.8 - 4.6

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 166 97 58.5 85 51.6 12 11.9 7.5 - 16.4

 Black .............................................................................. 942 687 73.0 618 65.6 69 10.0 8.5 - 11.6

 Men ............................................................................... 438 323 73.8 285 65.1 38 11.7 9.3 - 14.1

 Women ......................................................................... 505 365 72.2 333 66.1 31 8.6 6.6 - 10.5

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 148 123 83.5 119 80.8 4 3.3 1.1 - 5.5

Massachusetts

Total ................................................................................ 4,726 3,260 69.0 3,129 66.2 131 4.0 3.6 - 4.4

 Men ................................................................................ 2,267 1,712 75.5 1,637 72.2 75 4.4 3.8 - 4.9

 Women .......................................................................... 2,459 1,548 62.9 1,493 60.7 56 3.6 3.1 - 4.1

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 307 183 59.6 160 52.1 23 12.6 10.2 - 15.1

 White ............................................................................. 4,359 3,019 69.3 2,908 66.7 112 3.7 3.3 - 4.1

 Men ............................................................................... 2,086 1,582 75.8 1,520 72.8 62 3.9 3.4 - 4.4

 Women ......................................................................... 2,272 1,438 63.3 1,388 61.1 50 3.5 2.9 - 4.0

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 277 174 62.8 155 55.9 19 11.0 8.6 - 13.5

 Black .............................................................................. 234 150 64.3 135 57.9 15 10.0 7.5 - 12.5

 Men ............................................................................... 109 74 67.3 63 57.4 11 14.8 10.7 - 18.9

 Women ......................................................................... 124 77 61.7 73 58.4 4 5.4 2.7 - 8.1

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 200 126 62.9 117 58.5 9 7.1 4.7 - 9.5

 Men ............................................................................... 86 63 73.3 58 67.5 5 7.9 4.4 - 11.5

 Women ......................................................................... 115 63 55.2 59 51.7 4 6.2 3.0 - 9.4

Michigan

Total ................................................................................ 7,464 4,986 66.8 4,776 64.0 210 4.2 3.9 - 4.5

 Men ................................................................................ 3,575 2,666 74.6 2,555 71.5 111 4.2 3.7 - 4.6

 Women .......................................................................... 3,889 2,320 59.6 2,221 57.1 99 4.3 3.8 - 4.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 579 357 61.6 314 54.3 42 11.9 10.0 - 13.7

 White ............................................................................. 6,379 4,310 67.6 4,152 65.1 158 3.7 3.3 - 4.0

 Men ............................................................................... 3,093 2,348 75.9 2,261 73.1 87 3.7 3.2 - 4.2

 Women ......................................................................... 3,286 1,962 59.7 1,891 57.6 71 3.6 3.1 - 4.1

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 480 312 64.9 281 58.5 31 9.8 8.0 - 11.7

 Black .............................................................................. 913 554 60.7 506 55.4 48 8.6 7.3 - 9.9

 Men ............................................................................... 393 245 62.3 223 56.8 22 8.9 6.9 - 10.9

 Women ......................................................................... 519 308 59.4 283 54.4 26 8.4 6.6 - 10.1

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 186 130 70.0 123 66.0 7 5.7 3.4 - 8.0

 Men ............................................................................... 98 76 77.0 72 73.4 4 4.6 1.9 - 7.4

 Women ......................................................................... 88 55 62.2 51 57.7 4 7.3 3.3 - 11.2

Minnesota

Total ................................................................................ 3,523 2,625 74.5 2,539 72.1 86 3.3 2.8 - 3.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages

— Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

State and population group

Civilian noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force Employment Unemployment

Number Percent of

population Number Percent ofpopulation Number Rate Error range ofrate1

Minnesota–Continued

 Men ................................................................................ 1,752 1,421 81.1 1,368 78.1 53 3.7 3.1 - 4.4

 Women .......................................................................... 1,771 1,203 67.9 1,171 66.1 33 2.7 2.1 - 3.3

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 304 214 70.4 191 63.1 22 10.4 7.9 - 13.0

 White ............................................................................. 3,336 2,493 74.7 2,420 72.5 73 2.9 2.5 - 3.4

 Men ............................................................................... 1,661 1,353 81.4 1,309 78.8 44 3.3 2.6 - 3.9

 Women ......................................................................... 1,674 1,140 68.1 1,112 66.4 28 2.5 1.9 - 3.1

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 279 201 72.1 182 65.2 19 9.6 7.0 - 12.1

Mississippi

Total ................................................................................ 2,042 1,265 62.0 1,193 58.4 73 5.7 5.1 - 6.4

 Men ................................................................................ 966 664 68.7 633 65.5 31 4.7 3.9 - 5.5

 Women .......................................................................... 1,076 601 55.9 560 52.1 41 6.9 5.9 - 7.9

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 175 64 36.8 52 29.9 12 18.8 14.6 - 22.9

 White ............................................................................. 1,305 820 62.8 797 61.1 23 2.8 2.2 - 3.4

 Men ............................................................................... 636 455 71.6 445 69.9 11 2.3 1.6 - 3.0

 Women ......................................................................... 670 365 54.5 353 52.6 12 3.3 2.4 - 4.3

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 85 39 45.5 35 41.3 3 9.1 4.7 - 13.4

 Black .............................................................................. 710 430 60.5 381 53.6 49 11.4 9.9 - 12.8

 Men ............................................................................... 318 200 62.9 180 56.6 20 10.0 8.0 - 12.0

 Women ......................................................................... 393 230 58.6 201 51.2 29 12.5 10.5 - 14.5

Missouri

Total ................................................................................ 4,073 2,888 70.9 2,765 67.9 122 4.2 3.7 - 4.8

 Men ................................................................................ 1,932 1,495 77.4 1,427 73.9 69 4.6 3.8 - 5.4

 Women .......................................................................... 2,141 1,392 65.0 1,339 62.5 54 3.9 3.1 - 4.6

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 289 175 60.5 147 50.8 28 16.1 12.9 - 19.2

 White ............................................................................. 3,619 2,599 71.8 2,502 69.1 97 3.7 3.2 - 4.3

 Men ............................................................................... 1,724 1,357 78.7 1,302 75.5 55 4.1 3.3 - 4.8

 Women ......................................................................... 1,895 1,242 65.5 1,200 63.4 42 3.4 2.6 - 4.1

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 251 155 61.7 133 53.0 22 14.2 10.9 - 17.5

 Black .............................................................................. 403 254 63.0 230 57.1 24 9.3 6.9 - 11.7

 Men ............................................................................... 185 120 64.9 108 58.0 13 10.6 6.9 - 14.3

 Women ......................................................................... 217 133 61.4 123 56.4 11 8.1 5.0 - 11.3

Montana

Total ................................................................................ 675 454 67.3 430 63.6 24 5.4 4.7 - 6.0

 Men ................................................................................ 333 242 72.8 228 68.4 15 6.0 5.1 - 6.9

 Women .......................................................................... 342 212 61.9 202 59.0 10 4.6 3.8 - 5.4

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 55 28 51.1 23 42.3 5 17.3 13.7 - 20.8

 White ............................................................................. 627 426 68.0 406 64.8 20 4.8 4.2 - 5.4

 Men ............................................................................... 309 227 73.6 215 69.6 12 5.4 4.5 - 6.2

 Women ......................................................................... 318 199 62.6 191 60.0 8 4.1 3.3 - 4.9

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 50 26 52.8 22 44.4 4 15.9 12.3 - 19.5

Nebraska

Total ................................................................................ 1,236 906 73.3 883 71.4 24 2.6 2.2 - 3.0

 Men ................................................................................ 600 485 80.8 472 78.7 13 2.6 2.0 - 3.2

 Women .......................................................................... 636 421 66.3 410 64.5 11 2.6 2.0 - 3.3

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 104 68 65.7 62 59.6 6 9.3 6.6 - 11.9

 White ............................................................................. 1,164 854 73.4 834 71.7 20 2.4 2.0 - 2.8

 Men ............................................................................... 566 460 81.2 449 79.3 11 2.3 1.8 - 2.9

 Women ......................................................................... 598 395 66.0 385 64.4 10 2.4 1.8 - 3.0

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 95 64 67.2 58 61.3 6 8.7 6.0 - 11.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages

— Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

State and population group

Civilian noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force Employment Unemployment

Number Percent of

population Number Percent ofpopulation Number Rate Error range ofrate1

Nevada

Total ................................................................................ 1,271 883 69.5 847 66.6 36 4.1 3.6 - 4.6

 Men ................................................................................ 636 491 77.1 471 74.0 20 4.1 3.3 - 4.8

 Women .......................................................................... 635 392 61.9 376 59.3 16 4.2 3.4 - 5.0

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 97 54 55.8 49 50.7 5 9.2 6.2 - 12.1

 White ............................................................................. 1,116 777 69.7 749 67.1 29 3.7 3.2 - 4.2

 Men ............................................................................... 559 433 77.5 417 74.7 16 3.7 3.0 - 4.4

 Women ......................................................................... 557 344 61.8 331 59.5 13 3.7 2.9 - 4.5

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 83 47 57.2 44 52.7 4 7.8 4.8 - 10.8

 Black .............................................................................. 81 52 63.9 48 58.4 4 8.5 5.6 - 11.4

 Men ............................................................................... 40 28 69.7 26 63.9 2 8.3 4.4 - 12.2

 Women ......................................................................... 41 24 58.2 22 53.2 2 8.7 4.4 - 13.0

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 141 113 80.4 107 76.2 6 5.1 3.5 - 6.7

 Men ............................................................................... 82 76 92.4 72 87.7 4 5.0 3.1 - 7.0

 Women ......................................................................... 59 37 63.6 35 60.2 2 5.3 2.5 - 8.1

New Hampshire

Total ................................................................................ 898 645 71.8 625 69.6 20 3.1 2.6 - 3.6

 Men ................................................................................ 441 348 79.0 338 76.6 10 3.0 2.3 - 3.6

 Women .......................................................................... 457 297 64.9 287 62.7 10 3.3 2.5 - 4.1

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 60 36 61.1 32 54.1 4 11.5 7.8 - 15.2

 White ............................................................................. 874 626 71.6 606 69.4 20 3.1 2.6 - 3.7

 Men ............................................................................... 428 339 79.2 329 76.9 10 2.9 2.2 - 3.6

 Women ......................................................................... 446 287 64.3 277 62.2 10 3.4 2.6 - 4.2

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 56 35 62.4 31 55.4 4 11.3 7.6 - 15.0

New Jersey

Total ................................................................................ 6,191 4,194 67.7 3,978 64.3 215 5.1 4.8 - 5.5

 Men ................................................................................ 2,927 2,245 76.7 2,129 72.7 116 5.2 4.7 - 5.7

 Women .......................................................................... 3,264 1,948 59.7 1,849 56.6 99 5.1 4.5 - 5.6

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 429 203 47.3 173 40.2 31 15.0 12.4 - 17.6

 White ............................................................................. 5,065 3,414 67.4 3,262 64.4 152 4.4 4.0 - 4.8

 Men ............................................................................... 2,399 1,847 77.0 1,761 73.4 85 4.6 4.1 - 5.2

 Women ......................................................................... 2,667 1,567 58.8 1,501 56.3 66 4.2 3.7 - 4.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 346 176 50.8 153 44.2 23 13.0 10.4 - 15.7

 Black .............................................................................. 838 578 69.0 523 62.5 55 9.4 8.2 - 10.7

 Men ............................................................................... 378 275 72.8 252 66.6 23 8.5 6.7 - 10.3

 Women ......................................................................... 459 302 65.8 271 59.0 31 10.3 8.5 - 12.1

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 656 460 70.2 420 64.0 40 8.7 7.3 - 10.2

 Men ............................................................................... 315 254 80.8 233 74.1 21 8.4 6.5 - 10.2

 Women ......................................................................... 341 206 60.4 187 54.8 19 9.2 7.1 - 11.4

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 80 37 46.6 29 36.0 8 22.7 15.5 - 30.0

New Mexico

Total ................................................................................ 1,291 820 63.6 769 59.6 51 6.2 5.6 - 6.9

 Men ................................................................................ 632 448 70.9 420 66.5 28 6.2 5.3 - 7.1

 Women .......................................................................... 659 373 56.5 349 53.0 23 6.3 5.3 - 7.3

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 105 48 45.3 37 35.1 11 22.4 18.5 - 26.3

 White ............................................................................. 1,142 736 64.4 692 60.6 44 6.0 5.3 - 6.7

 Men ............................................................................... 564 405 71.7 381 67.6 23 5.8 4.9 - 6.7

 Women ......................................................................... 578 332 57.4 311 53.7 21 6.3 5.3 - 7.3

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 88 43 49.0 34 38.2 10 22.1 18.0 - 26.2

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 477 308 64.5 284 59.5 24 7.8 6.6 - 9.0

 Men ............................................................................... 240 176 73.3 161 67.3 14 8.2 6.6 - 9.7

 Women ......................................................................... 237 132 55.7 122 51.6 10 7.4 5.6 - 9.1

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 49 24 48.5 19 38.9 5 19.9 14.5 - 25.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages

— Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

State and population group

Civilian noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force Employment Unemployment

Number Percent of

population Number Percent ofpopulation Number Rate Error range ofrate1

New York

Total ................................................................................ 13,949 8,807 63.1 8,243 59.1 564 6.4 6.1 - 6.7

 Men ................................................................................ 6,565 4,712 71.8 4,416 67.3 296 6.3 5.9 - 6.7

 Women .......................................................................... 7,384 4,095 55.5 3,827 51.8 268 6.6 6.1 - 7.0

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 1,052 413 39.2 325 30.9 88 21.3 19.5 - 23.2

 White ............................................................................. 10,807 6,898 63.8 6,550 60.6 348 5.0 4.7 - 5.4

 Men ............................................................................... 5,125 3,748 73.1 3,560 69.5 188 5.0 4.6 - 5.4

 Women ......................................................................... 5,682 3,150 55.4 2,990 52.6 160 5.1 4.6 - 5.5

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 742 327 44.1 268 36.2 59 18.0 15.9 - 20.0

 Black .............................................................................. 2,343 1,384 59.1 1,199 51.2 185 13.4 12.4 - 14.3

 Men ............................................................................... 1,043 662 63.5 576 55.2 87 13.1 11.7 - 14.4

 Women ......................................................................... 1,300 721 55.5 623 47.9 98 13.7 12.4 - 15.0

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 250 70 27.9 43 17.2 27 38.4 34.6 - 42.1

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 1,966 1,152 58.6 1,044 53.1 108 9.4 8.4 - 10.3

 Men ............................................................................... 939 676 72.0 624 66.5 52 7.6 6.5 - 8.8

 Women ......................................................................... 1,027 476 46.4 420 40.9 56 11.8 10.2 - 13.3

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 195 65 33.1 47 24.1 18 27.2 21.9 - 32.5

North Carolina

Total ................................................................................ 5,605 3,844 68.6 3,705 66.1 139 3.6 3.2 - 4.0

 Men ................................................................................ 2,700 2,045 75.8 1,976 73.2 70 3.4 2.9 - 3.9

 Women .......................................................................... 2,905 1,799 61.9 1,729 59.5 69 3.9 3.3 - 4.4

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 405 228 56.4 199 49.1 29 12.8 10.4 - 15.3

 White ............................................................................. 4,264 2,943 69.0 2,862 67.1 81 2.8 2.4 - 3.1

 Men ............................................................................... 2,099 1,612 76.8 1,566 74.6 46 2.9 2.4 - 3.4

 Women ......................................................................... 2,165 1,331 61.5 1,297 59.9 35 2.6 2.1 - 3.2

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 285 170 59.5 155 54.4 15 8.6 6.1 - 11.1

 Black .............................................................................. 1,139 770 67.6 717 63.0 53 6.8 5.8 - 7.8

 Men ............................................................................... 505 363 71.9 342 67.6 22 6.0 4.6 - 7.3

 Women ......................................................................... 633 406 64.1 375 59.2 31 7.6 6.2 - 9.0

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 139 108 77.5 101 72.4 7 6.6 4.0 - 9.2

 Men ............................................................................... 92 85 92.6 79 86.2 6 6.9 3.9 - 9.9

North Dakota

Total ................................................................................ 479 348 72.6 339 70.7 9 2.5 2.1 - 3.0

 Men ................................................................................ 234 184 78.4 179 76.4 5 2.6 2.0 - 3.2

 Women .......................................................................... 245 164 67.0 160 65.3 4 2.5 1.9 - 3.1

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 43 28 64.1 26 59.6 2 7.1 4.9 - 9.3

 White ............................................................................. 461 335 72.7 327 71.0 8 2.4 2.0 - 2.8

 Men ............................................................................... 226 178 78.6 173 76.7 4 2.4 1.9 - 3.0

 Women ......................................................................... 235 158 67.1 154 65.5 4 2.3 1.8 - 2.9

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 40 26 65.9 25 61.6 2 6.6 4.3 - 8.8

Ohio

Total ................................................................................ 8,544 5,710 66.8 5,448 63.8 262 4.6 4.2 - 4.9

 Men ................................................................................ 4,102 3,036 74.0 2,904 70.8 133 4.4 3.9 - 4.8

 Women .......................................................................... 4,442 2,674 60.2 2,544 57.3 130 4.8 4.3 - 5.4

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 639 366 57.3 308 48.3 58 15.8 13.9 - 17.7

 White ............................................................................. 7,535 5,067 67.2 4,855 64.4 213 4.2 3.8 - 4.5

 Men ............................................................................... 3,632 2,726 75.1 2,615 72.0 110 4.1 3.6 - 4.5

 Women ......................................................................... 3,904 2,342 60.0 2,239 57.4 102 4.4 3.8 - 4.9

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 544 329 60.4 283 52.0 46 13.9 11.9 - 15.9

 Black .............................................................................. 883 552 62.5 506 57.3 46 8.3 7.0 - 9.7

 Men ............................................................................... 405 256 63.2 235 58.1 20 8.0 6.0 - 9.9

 Women ......................................................................... 478 296 62.0 271 56.6 26 8.6 6.8 - 10.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages

— Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

State and population group

Civilian noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force Employment Unemployment

Number Percent of

population Number Percent ofpopulation Number Rate Error range ofrate1

Ohio–Continued

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 111 80 72.1 74 66.9 6 7.2 3.7 - 10.6

 Men ............................................................................... 59 49 82.2 44 74.2 5 9.8 4.8 - 14.8

Oklahoma

Total ................................................................................ 2,492 1,600 64.2 1,534 61.6 66 4.1 3.6 - 4.7

 Men ................................................................................ 1,177 861 73.2 830 70.5 31 3.6 3.0 - 4.3

 Women .......................................................................... 1,315 738 56.2 704 53.5 35 4.7 3.8 - 5.5

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 191 97 50.9 83 43.7 14 14.2 10.6 - 17.8

 White ............................................................................. 2,084 1,346 64.6 1,301 62.4 45 3.3 2.8 - 3.9

 Men ............................................................................... 990 736 74.3 713 72.0 23 3.2 2.5 - 3.9

 Women ......................................................................... 1,094 610 55.8 589 53.8 21 3.5 2.7 - 4.3

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 151 82 54.3 72 47.8 10 12.0 8.3 - 15.8

 Black .............................................................................. 186 119 63.7 108 58.1 10 8.8 6.2 - 11.3

 Men ............................................................................... 78 49 62.4 46 58.2 3 6.8 3.3 - 10.3

 Women ......................................................................... 108 70 64.6 63 58.1 7 10.1 6.7 - 13.6

Oregon

Total ................................................................................ 2,525 1,732 68.6 1,631 64.6 101 5.8 5.2 - 6.5

 Men ................................................................................ 1,255 959 76.4 902 71.9 57 5.9 5.1 - 6.8

 Women .......................................................................... 1,270 773 60.9 729 57.4 44 5.7 4.8 - 6.7

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 183 105 57.4 87 47.6 18 17.2 13.3 - 21.0

 White ............................................................................. 2,363 1,618 68.5 1,525 64.6 93 5.7 5.1 - 6.4

 Men ............................................................................... 1,176 897 76.3 845 71.9 52 5.8 4.9 - 6.6

 Women ......................................................................... 1,187 721 60.8 680 57.3 41 5.7 4.7 - 6.7

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 167 97 58.0 80 47.9 17 17.4 13.4 - 21.5

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 172 132 76.6 121 70.1 11 8.5 5.0 - 11.9

 Men ............................................................................... 103 91 88.9 84 81.6 7 8.2 4.1 - 12.2

 Women ......................................................................... 69 41 58.4 37 53.1 4 9.1 2.8 - 15.4

Pennsylvania

Total ................................................................................ 9,283 5,984 64.5 5,673 61.1 311 5.2 4.8 - 5.6

 Men ................................................................................ 4,347 3,176 73.1 3,006 69.2 170 5.3 4.9 - 5.8

 Women .......................................................................... 4,936 2,808 56.9 2,667 54.0 141 5.0 4.5 - 5.5

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 671 363 54.1 302 45.1 61 16.7 14.5 - 19.0

 White ............................................................................. 8,252 5,399 65.4 5,154 62.5 245 4.5 4.2 - 4.9

 Men ............................................................................... 3,920 2,900 74.0 2,763 70.5 137 4.7 4.2 - 5.2

 Women ......................................................................... 4,332 2,499 57.7 2,391 55.2 108 4.3 3.8 - 4.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 573 331 57.8 284 49.6 47 14.3 12.0 - 16.5

 Black .............................................................................. 847 473 55.8 416 49.1 57 12.1 10.4 - 13.8

 Men ............................................................................... 348 220 63.1 190 54.7 29 13.4 10.8 - 16.0

 Women ......................................................................... 499 253 50.8 225 45.2 28 10.9 8.7 - 13.1

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 195 124 63.7 111 56.8 13 10.8 7.6 - 14.0

 Men ............................................................................... 101 77 76.3 69 67.9 8 11.0 6.9 - 15.1

 Women ......................................................................... 94 47 50.2 42 44.9 5 10.4 5.3 - 15.5

Rhode Island

Total ................................................................................ 754 505 67.0 478 63.4 27 5.3 4.6 - 6.0

 Men ................................................................................ 351 261 74.3 247 70.4 14 5.2 4.3 - 6.1

 Women .......................................................................... 403 245 60.6 231 57.4 13 5.4 4.4 - 6.3

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 48 31 63.6 27 55.1 4 13.3 9.5 - 17.1

 White ............................................................................. 706 471 66.6 447 63.3 23 5.0 4.3 - 5.6

 Men ............................................................................... 328 242 73.9 230 70.3 12 5.0 4.0 - 5.9

 Women ......................................................................... 379 228 60.3 217 57.3 11 5.0 4.0 - 5.9

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 43 28 64.8 25 57.9 3 10.7 7.0 - 14.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages

— Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

State and population group

Civilian noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force Employment Unemployment

Number Percent of

population Number Percent ofpopulation Number Rate Error range ofrate1

Rhode Island–Continued

 Black .............................................................................. 38 27 72.5 24 64.6 3 11.0 7.2 - 14.7

 Men ............................................................................... 18 15 80.7 14 74.0 1 8.4 3.8 - 13.0

 Women ......................................................................... 20 13 64.9 11 55.8 2 14.0 7.9 - 20.1

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 42 27 65.0 24 57.2 3 12.0 8.0 - 16.0

 Men ............................................................................... 19 15 78.6 14 73.8 1 6.2 2.2 - 10.1

South Carolina

Total ................................................................................ 2,870 1,913 66.6 1,826 63.6 86 4.5 3.9 - 5.1

 Men ................................................................................ 1,340 1,001 74.7 967 72.1 34 3.4 2.7 - 4.1

 Women .......................................................................... 1,530 912 59.6 860 56.2 52 5.7 4.8 - 6.7

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 243 111 45.6 90 37.1 21 18.7 14.6 - 22.8

 White ............................................................................. 2,056 1,386 67.4 1,346 65.5 40 2.9 2.3 - 3.4

 Men ............................................................................... 994 758 76.3 738 74.3 19 2.6 1.8 - 3.3

 Women ......................................................................... 1,062 628 59.2 608 57.2 20 3.2 2.4 - 4.1

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 157 76 48.1 66 41.8 10 13.1 8.7 - 17.6

 Black .............................................................................. 791 509 64.4 465 58.7 45 8.8 7.3 - 10.2

 Men ............................................................................... 338 237 70.1 222 65.7 15 6.2 4.3 - 8.0

 Women ......................................................................... 453 272 60.2 242 53.5 30 11.0 8.9 - 13.2

South Dakota

Total ................................................................................ 550 393 71.4 381 69.2 12 3.1 2.6 - 3.5

 Men ................................................................................ 264 205 77.9 199 75.7 6 2.9 2.3 - 3.5

 Women .......................................................................... 286 187 65.4 181 63.2 6 3.3 2.6 - 4.0

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 51 33 65.6 31 60.1 3 8.3 6.0 - 10.6

 White ............................................................................. 515 371 71.9 361 70.0 10 2.7 2.3 - 3.2

 Men ............................................................................... 249 195 78.5 190 76.5 5 2.5 2.0 - 3.1

 Women ......................................................................... 267 175 65.8 170 63.9 5 2.9 2.3 - 3.6

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 45 31 69.2 28 63.7 2 8.0 5.6 - 10.4

Tennessee

Total ................................................................................ 4,159 2,708 65.1 2,562 61.6 146 5.4 4.8 - 6.0

 Men ................................................................................ 1,982 1,422 71.7 1,339 67.6 83 5.8 5.0 - 6.7

 Women .......................................................................... 2,177 1,286 59.1 1,223 56.2 63 4.9 4.1 - 5.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 297 162 54.5 133 44.7 29 18.0 14.2 - 21.7

 White ............................................................................. 3,384 2,158 63.8 2,058 60.8 99 4.6 4.0 - 5.2

 Men ............................................................................... 1,637 1,163 71.0 1,106 67.5 57 4.9 4.0 - 5.8

 Women ......................................................................... 1,746 995 57.0 952 54.5 42 4.2 3.3 - 5.1

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 223 119 53.3 104 46.7 15 12.3 8.4 - 16.2

 Black .............................................................................. 741 524 70.7 479 64.7 44 8.5 6.8 - 10.1

 Men ............................................................................... 325 241 74.1 217 66.8 24 9.9 7.4 - 12.4

 Women ......................................................................... 416 283 68.0 262 63.1 20 7.2 5.1 - 9.3

Texas

Total ................................................................................ 14,339 9,881 68.9 9,350 65.2 531 5.4 5.1 - 5.7

 Men ................................................................................ 6,957 5,448 78.3 5,164 74.2 284 5.2 4.8 - 5.6

 Women .......................................................................... 7,382 4,433 60.1 4,186 56.7 248 5.6 5.1 - 6.1

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 1,239 573 46.3 453 36.6 120 21.0 19.2 - 22.7

 White ............................................................................. 12,224 8,388 68.6 7,977 65.3 411 4.9 4.6 - 5.2

 Men ............................................................................... 6,022 4,740 78.7 4,514 75.0 226 4.8 4.3 - 5.2

 Women ......................................................................... 6,201 3,648 58.8 3,463 55.8 185 5.1 4.6 - 5.6

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 1,022 483 47.2 390 38.2 92 19.1 17.2 - 21.1

 Black .............................................................................. 1,607 1,141 71.0 1,037 64.5 104 9.1 8.0 - 10.1

 Men ............................................................................... 689 510 74.1 462 67.1 48 9.4 7.9 - 11.0

 Women ......................................................................... 919 630 68.6 575 62.6 55 8.8 7.4 - 10.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages

— Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

State and population group

Civilian noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force Employment Unemployment

Number Percent of

population Number Percent ofpopulation Number Rate Error range ofrate1

Texas–Continued

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 179 76 42.4 53 29.4 23 30.5 27.5 - 33.6

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 4,100 2,731 66.6 2,518 61.4 212 7.8 7.1 - 8.5

 Men ............................................................................... 2,072 1,635 78.9 1,526 73.6 109 6.7 5.8 - 7.5

 Women ......................................................................... 2,028 1,096 54.0 993 48.9 103 9.4 8.2 - 10.5

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 477 203 42.5 157 33.0 46 22.4 20.1 - 24.8

Utah

Total ................................................................................ 1,450 1,040 71.7 1,008 69.5 32 3.1 2.7 - 3.6

 Men ................................................................................ 704 574 81.5 557 79.0 18 3.1 2.5 - 3.7

 Women .......................................................................... 746 466 62.5 451 60.5 15 3.2 2.5 - 3.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 160 104 64.9 94 58.9 10 9.2 7.1 - 11.3

 White ............................................................................. 1,389 993 71.5 963 69.3 30 3.0 2.6 - 3.5

 Men ............................................................................... 674 548 81.3 532 78.9 16 3.0 2.4 - 3.6

 Women ......................................................................... 716 446 62.3 432 60.3 14 3.1 2.4 - 3.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 153 100 64.9 90 59.0 9 9.2 7.0 - 11.3

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 82 62 76.0 60 73.2 2 3.7 1.8 - 5.6

 Men ............................................................................... 47 41 88.2 40 85.0 2 3.7 1.4 - 6.0

Vermont

Total ................................................................................ 455 326 71.6 313 68.7 13 4.0 3.4 - 4.5

 Men ................................................................................ 217 167 77.0 160 73.9 7 4.1 3.3 - 4.9

 Women .......................................................................... 238 159 66.6 153 64.0 6 3.8 3.0 - 4.6

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 34 21 62.5 19 54.1 3 13.4 9.9 - 16.9

 White ............................................................................. 448 321 71.6 308 68.8 13 3.9 3.4 - 4.5

 Men ............................................................................... 213 164 77.1 157 73.9 7 4.1 3.3 - 4.9

 Women ......................................................................... 236 157 66.7 151 64.2 6 3.7 2.9 - 4.5

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 34 21 63.2 19 54.9 3 13.1 9.6 - 16.6

Virginia

Total ................................................................................ 5,097 3,405 66.8 3,271 64.2 135 4.0 3.5 - 4.5

 Men ................................................................................ 2,436 1,791 73.5 1,729 71.0 63 3.5 2.8 - 4.1

 Women .......................................................................... 2,661 1,614 60.7 1,542 57.9 72 4.5 3.7 - 5.2

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 336 153 45.5 136 40.3 17 11.4 8.0 - 14.8

 White ............................................................................. 3,896 2,614 67.1 2,544 65.3 70 2.7 2.2 - 3.2

 Men ............................................................................... 1,892 1,406 74.3 1,372 72.5 34 2.4 1.8 - 3.0

 Women ......................................................................... 2,004 1,208 60.3 1,171 58.5 37 3.0 2.3 - 3.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 234 119 50.7 109 46.5 10 8.4 4.9 - 11.9

 Black .............................................................................. 1,046 683 65.3 624 59.6 60 8.7 7.3 - 10.1

 Men ............................................................................... 461 316 68.6 290 62.9 26 8.4 6.3 - 10.4

 Women ......................................................................... 586 367 62.7 334 57.0 33 9.0 7.1 - 11.0

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 154 109 71.0 104 67.4 6 5.1 2.2 - 8.0

Washington

Total ................................................................................ 4,258 2,988 70.2 2,846 66.8 142 4.8 4.2 - 5.4

 Men ................................................................................ 2,106 1,652 78.4 1,574 74.7 78 4.7 3.9 - 5.5

 Women .......................................................................... 2,152 1,337 62.1 1,272 59.1 65 4.8 3.9 - 5.7

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 309 181 58.6 152 49.4 28 15.8 11.9 - 19.6

 White ............................................................................. 3,888 2,728 70.2 2,599 66.9 129 4.7 4.1 - 5.4

 Men ............................................................................... 1,924 1,514 78.7 1,441 74.9 73 4.8 4.0 - 5.7

 Women ......................................................................... 1,964 1,214 61.8 1,159 59.0 56 4.6 3.7 - 5.5

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 271 161 59.5 137 50.4 25 15.3 11.2 - 19.3

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 165 135 81.7 125 76.1 9 6.8 3.0 - 10.6

 Men ............................................................................... 98 88 89.5 81 82.9 7 7.4 2.6 - 12.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages

— Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

State and population group

Civilian noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force Employment Unemployment

Number Percent of

population Number Percent ofpopulation Number Rate Error range ofrate1

West Virginia

Total ................................................................................ 1,451 805 55.5 749 51.6 55 6.9 6.2 - 7.6

 Men ................................................................................ 680 436 64.1 403 59.3 33 7.6 6.6 - 8.5

 Women .......................................................................... 771 368 47.8 346 44.9 22 6.1 5.2 - 7.0

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 103 43 42.2 32 30.7 12 27.3 24.2 - 30.4

 White ............................................................................. 1,407 780 55.5 729 51.8 51 6.5 5.9 - 7.2

 Men ............................................................................... 660 423 64.2 392 59.5 31 7.3 6.4 - 8.2

 Women ......................................................................... 747 357 47.8 337 45.1 20 5.6 4.7 - 6.5

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 98 41 42.0 31 31.3 11 25.5 22.1 - 28.8

 Black .............................................................................. 35 19 54.0 15 41.9 4 22.4 16.3 - 28.5

Wisconsin

Total ................................................................................ 3,918 2,929 74.7 2,821 72.0 108 3.7 3.2 - 4.2

 Men ................................................................................ 1,940 1,549 79.8 1,492 76.9 57 3.7 3.0 - 4.3

 Women .......................................................................... 1,978 1,380 69.7 1,329 67.2 51 3.7 3.0 - 4.4

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 307 208 67.5 186 60.4 22 10.6 7.8 - 13.4

 White ............................................................................. 3,665 2,760 75.3 2,674 73.0 86 3.1 2.6 - 3.6

 Men ............................................................................... 1,823 1,470 80.6 1,423 78.1 47 3.2 2.5 - 3.8

 Women ......................................................................... 1,843 1,290 70.0 1,251 67.9 39 3.0 2.3 - 3.7

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 273 193 70.9 176 64.4 18 9.2 6.4 - 12.0

 Black .............................................................................. 175 114 65.0 96 54.8 18 15.7 11.9 - 19.5

Wyoming

Total ................................................................................ 363 251 69.0 238 65.5 13 5.1 4.5 - 5.7

 Men ................................................................................ 180 137 76.2 130 72.6 6 4.7 3.9 - 5.5

 Women .......................................................................... 183 114 62.0 107 58.6 6 5.5 4.6 - 6.5

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 35 21 58.7 17 48.1 4 18.1 14.9 - 21.3

 White ............................................................................. 352 243 69.2 232 65.8 12 4.8 4.2 - 5.4

 Men ............................................................................... 174 133 76.4 127 73.1 6 4.3 3.6 - 5.1

 Women ......................................................................... 178 110 62.1 104 58.8 6 5.4 4.4 - 6.3

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 34 20 59.0 17 48.8 3 17.3 14.0 - 20.5

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 16 12 75.3 11 70.8 1 6.0 3.3 - 8.7

 Men ............................................................................... 7 6 82.5 6 77.8 2 ( ) 5.7 2.0 - 9.3

 Women ......................................................................... 8 6 69.1 5 64.8 2 ( ) 6.3 2.4 - 10.2

1 Error ranges are calculated at the 90-percent confidence interval, which

means that if repeated samples were drawn from the same population and an error

range constructed around each sample estimate, in 9 out of 10 cases the true value

based on a complete census of the population would be contained within these

error ranges. 2 Less than 500 persons.

NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS

publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the sample in

that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed

percentages because of rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will

not add to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and

Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
Table 13. States: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual

averages

(In thousands)

Population group and State

Employed1 Unemployed

Full-time workers Part-time workers

Looking for

full-time

work

Looking for

part-time

Total work

At work

Not

at

work

Total

At work2

Not

at

work

35

hours

or

more

1 to 34 hours Part time

for

economic

reasons

Part time

for

noneconomic reasons

Economic

reasons

Noneconomic reasons

TOTAL

Alabama ....................................... 1,740 1,472 23 165 80 324 34 264 26 88 22

Alaska ........................................... 238 193 5 25 15 54 12 38 4 21 4

Arizona ......................................... 1,698 1,507 27 117 47 366 45 298 24 81 20

Arkansas ....................................... 944 798 18 91 38 203 22 166 15 55 10

California ...................................... 12,159 10,579 209 953 419 2,807 478 2,156 173 805 201

Colorado ....................................... 1,715 1,479 22 151 63 373 35 317 20 52 18

Connecticut ................................... 1,303 1,149 8 91 53 333 40 265 28 69 18

Delaware ...................................... 302 266 4 22 10 62 6 52 4 12 4

District of Columbia ...................... 207 177 2 23 6 29 8 20 2 18 2

Florida ........................................... 5,687 5,030 80 390 188 1,081 136 879 66 272 66

Georgia ......................................... 3,238 2,841 41 233 124 492 54 400 37 146 31

Hawaii ........................................... 439 370 6 44 18 116 24 84 7 32 6

Idaho ............................................. 471 402 10 39 20 129 13 107 9 27 7

Illinois ............................................ 4,792 4,206 50 352 185 1,049 110 876 64 226 63

Indiana .......................................... 2,450 2,115 32 203 100 535 46 456 32 88 21

Iowa .............................................. 1,211 1,044 19 101 47 315 23 270 22 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Kansas .......................................... 1,046 906 11 99 30 268 24 227 17 38 14

Kentucky ....................................... 1,511 1,288 18 131 74 313 31 256 25 83 21

Louisiana ...................................... 1,591 1,364 22 139 66 309 49 240 20 109 15

Maine ............................................ 493 419 9 43 22 130 18 104 9 27 8

Maryland ....................................... 2,193 1,876 24 206 87 455 67 361 26 116 26

Massachusetts .............................. 2,494 2,157 23 208 105 636 56 533 47 103 28

Michigan ....................................... 3,821 3,344 50 266 161 955 88 809 58 158 52

Minnesota ..................................... 1,987 1,710 22 190 66 552 55 457 40 62 24

Mississippi .................................... 1,022 896 15 72 40 170 24 136 11 64 9

Missouri ........................................ 2,312 1,960 32 232 87 453 35 384 34 99 23

Montana ........................................ 333 280 7 32 14 97 13 76 8 20 4

Nebraska ...................................... 705 617 9 55 24 178 13 152 12 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Nevada ......................................... 727 643 12 46 26 120 18 94 8 32 4

New Hampshire ............................ 500 433 4 42 21 125 12 106 7 3 ( ) 3 ( )

New Jersey ................................... 3,282 2,866 28 259 129 696 79 572 46 176 39

New Mexico .................................. 618 532 11 51 25 151 24 116 12 43 9

New York ...................................... 6,725 5,874 55 512 284 1,518 228 1,201 88 455 109

North Carolina .............................. 3,162 2,794 59 215 93 543 45 458 40 117 23

North Dakota ................................ 267 227 3 27 9 72 7 60 6 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Ohio .............................................. 4,410 3,836 49 336 189 1,038 105 869 64 204 58

Oklahoma ..................................... 1,262 1,091 17 110 45 272 31 219 21 52 14

Oregon .......................................... 1,308 1,123 31 104 49 323 46 256 21 83 18

Pennsylvania ................................ 4,494 3,903 51 373 167 1,179 153 945 80 238 73

Rhode Island ................................ 380 321 5 36 18 98 14 77 8 21 6

South Carolina .............................. 1,566 1,398 18 97 53 260 30 213 16 74 12

South Dakota ................................ 303 264 3 26 10 78 5 68 5 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Tennessee .................................... 2,160 1,857 37 185 80 402 40 328 34 121 25

Texas ............................................ 7,930 6,890 108 635 296 1,420 182 1,139 99 429 102

Utah .............................................. 773 676 9 64 24 234 19 201 15 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Vermont ........................................ 243 208 4 21 10 70 8 57 5 10 3

Virginia .......................................... 2,782 2,413 30 253 85 489 61 397 31 113 22

Washington ................................... 2,270 1,950 31 200 89 576 73 460 43 115 28

West Virginia ................................ 607 517 10 49 31 143 28 104 11 46 10

Wisconsin ..................................... 2,243 1,946 30 186 82 578 52 490 36 85 22

Wyoming ....................................... 188 165 3 13 7 50 7 38 4 9 4

Men

Alabama ....................................... 1,007 872 13 80 42 109 10 91 8 42 9

Alaska ........................................... 139 115 3 12 9 18 5 12 1 14 2

Arizona ......................................... 1,019 915 17 65 21 131 20 108 3 43 8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. States: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual

averages — Continued

(In thousands)

Population group and State

Employed1 Unemployed

Full-time workers Part-time workers

Looking for

full-time

work

Looking for

part-time

Total work

At work

Not

at

work

Total

At work2

Not

at

work

35

hours

or

more

1 to 34 hours Part time

for

economic

reasons

Part time

for

noneconomic reasons

Economic

reasons

Noneconomic reasons

Men–Continued

Arkansas ....................................... 536 466 9 44 17 67 7 56 4 31 5

California ...................................... 7,313 6,483 135 486 208 1,042 230 758 54 464 92

Colorado ....................................... 1,006 887 12 74 34 123 18 100 5 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Connecticut ................................... 742 670 5 40 27 93 16 70 8 45 7

Delaware ...................................... 167 150 2 10 5 19 2 15 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

District of Columbia ...................... 106 91 1 10 3 11 4 6 1 8 1

Florida ........................................... 3,242 2,913 52 181 95 390 54 313 23 144 34

Georgia ......................................... 1,838 1,650 26 111 52 152 23 115 13 73 12

Hawaii ........................................... 241 207 4 21 9 37 10 25 2 21 1

Idaho ............................................. 289 252 7 19 11 41 6 34 2 15 3

Illinois ............................................ 2,818 2,522 36 167 94 331 55 261 15 133 27

Indiana .......................................... 1,467 1,297 17 101 52 148 15 129 3 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Iowa .............................................. 702 619 11 49 23 93 6 80 7 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Kansas .......................................... 612 540 6 51 15 89 11 73 6 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Kentucky ....................................... 878 765 12 63 38 87 13 67 7 39 8

Louisiana ...................................... 909 796 14 66 34 100 15 79 7 52 6

Maine ............................................ 292 254 6 21 11 37 7 28 2 17 3

Maryland ....................................... 1,222 1,068 15 96 43 149 25 117 7 64 10

Massachusetts .............................. 1,458 1,288 14 103 53 178 26 140 13 65 10

Michigan ....................................... 2,286 2,047 33 128 77 269 32 225 12 91 20

Minnesota ..................................... 1,197 1,055 13 93 37 171 23 137 11 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Mississippi .................................... 574 512 8 39 16 58 9 47 2 27 4

Missouri ........................................ 1,292 1,117 20 111 43 135 14 111 9 60 9

Montana ........................................ 201 172 5 16 8 27 4 21 2 13 2

Nebraska ...................................... 417 374 5 27 11 55 5 47 3 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Nevada ......................................... 431 389 8 22 11 40 7 31 3 3 ( ) 3 ( )

New Hampshire ............................ 300 267 3 20 11 37 4 30 3 3 ( ) 3 ( )

New Jersey ................................... 1,928 1,723 17 123 66 201 29 158 14 98 18

New Mexico .................................. 370 324 8 26 13 50 10 37 3 24 4

New York ...................................... 3,927 3,509 32 236 150 489 98 366 25 258 38

North Carolina .............................. 1,785 1,615 36 91 43 191 17 158 16 59 11

North Dakota ................................ 157 138 2 12 5 21 2 18 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Ohio .............................................. 2,605 2,306 30 178 92 299 51 237 11 112 20

Oklahoma ..................................... 739 648 10 59 21 91 15 69 7 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Oregon .......................................... 807 701 21 53 31 95 18 74 4 49 8

Pennsylvania ................................ 2,651 2,342 29 193 87 355 66 269 20 142 28

Rhode Island ................................ 217 189 3 17 8 30 5 23 2 11 2

South Carolina .............................. 883 803 11 48 22 84 10 70 4 3 ( ) 3 ( )

South Dakota ................................ 176 159 1 11 5 23 2 20 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Tennessee .................................... 1,201 1,052 20 91 39 139 17 111 11 70 13

Texas ............................................ 4,688 4,164 73 313 138 476 84 366 26 238 45

Utah .............................................. 480 428 5 34 13 76 7 66 4 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Vermont ........................................ 142 123 2 10 6 18 3 14 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Virginia .......................................... 1,584 1,403 17 128 35 145 18 119 8 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Washington ................................... 1,399 1,225 19 105 50 175 28 134 13 69 9

West Virginia ................................ 359 312 6 26 16 44 12 30 2 28 5

Wisconsin ..................................... 1,324 1,180 15 81 48 169 18 142 9 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Wyoming ....................................... 114 102 2 6 4 16 3 12 1 5 1

Women

Alabama ....................................... 733 600 10 85 39 215 24 173 18 46 13

Alaska ........................................... 99 78 1 13 6 36 7 26 3 7 2

Arizona ......................................... 679 592 10 53 26 235 24 190 21 37 12

Arkansas ....................................... 408 333 9 46 21 136 15 110 11 23 4

California ...................................... 4,846 4,095 74 467 211 1,765 248 1,398 119 341 109

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. States: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual

averages — Continued

(In thousands)

Population group and State

Employed1 Unemployed

Full-time workers Part-time workers

Looking for

full-time

work

Looking for

part-time

Total work

At work

Not

at

work

Total

At work2

Not

at

work

35

hours

or

more

1 to 34 hours Part time

for

economic

reasons

Part time

for

noneconomic reasons

Economic

reasons

Noneconomic reasons

Women–Continued

Colorado ....................................... 708 592 10 77 29 250 18 217 15 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Connecticut ................................... 560 479 3 52 26 240 24 195 20 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Delaware ...................................... 135 116 2 12 5 43 4 37 3 3 ( ) 3 ( )

District of Columbia ...................... 102 86 4 ( ) 12 3 18 4 13 1 10 1

Florida ........................................... 2,445 2,117 27 208 92 691 82 566 43 128 32

Georgia ......................................... 1,400 1,191 15 122 72 340 31 285 24 73 19

Hawaii ........................................... 197 163 2 23 9 78 14 58 5 11 5

Idaho ............................................. 182 149 3 20 9 87 7 73 7 12 4

Illinois ............................................ 1,974 1,684 14 185 91 719 55 615 48 93 35

Indiana .......................................... 984 818 14 103 48 387 32 327 29 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Iowa .............................................. 508 425 8 51 24 222 18 190 15 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Kansas .......................................... 434 366 5 48 15 179 13 155 11 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Kentucky ....................................... 634 523 6 68 36 226 19 189 18 44 13

Louisiana ...................................... 682 569 9 73 32 209 35 161 13 57 9

Maine ............................................ 201 165 3 22 11 93 11 76 7 10 5

Maryland ....................................... 971 808 9 110 44 306 42 245 20 52 16

Massachusetts .............................. 1,035 869 9 105 52 457 30 392 35 38 18

Michigan ....................................... 1,535 1,296 17 138 84 686 55 584 47 68 31

Minnesota ..................................... 790 655 8 97 30 381 32 320 29 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Mississippi .................................... 448 384 7 33 24 112 15 89 8 37 5

Missouri ........................................ 1,020 843 12 121 44 319 21 272 25 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Montana ........................................ 132 108 3 16 6 70 9 55 6 8 2

Nebraska ...................................... 287 243 4 27 13 123 8 105 9 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Nevada ......................................... 296 254 5 23 14 80 11 64 5 3 ( ) 3 ( )

New Hampshire ............................ 199 166 2 22 10 88 8 76 5 3 ( ) 3 ( )

New Jersey ................................... 1,353 1,143 11 136 63 496 49 415 32 78 21

New Mexico .................................. 248 208 3 25 12 101 14 78 9 19 5

New York ...................................... 2,798 2,366 23 276 134 1,028 130 835 63 198 71

North Carolina .............................. 1,377 1,179 24 124 50 353 28 300 24 57 12

North Dakota ................................ 110 88 1 15 5 50 4 42 4 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Ohio .............................................. 1,805 1,530 19 158 97 739 54 632 53 91 38

Oklahoma ..................................... 523 442 7 51 24 181 16 150 14 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Oregon .......................................... 501 422 10 51 19 228 28 183 17 34 10

Pennsylvania ................................ 1,842 1,561 22 180 80 824 87 677 60 96 45

Rhode Island ................................ 164 132 2 20 10 68 9 54 6 9 4

South Carolina .............................. 684 595 8 50 31 176 20 143 13 45 7

South Dakota ................................ 126 104 1 15 5 55 3 48 4 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Tennessee .................................... 959 806 17 95 41 264 23 217 24 51 12

Texas ............................................ 3,241 2,726 35 322 158 944 98 773 73 190 57

Utah .............................................. 293 248 4 30 11 158 12 135 11 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Vermont ........................................ 101 85 1 11 4 52 5 43 4 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Virginia .......................................... 1,198 1,010 13 125 50 344 43 277 24 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Washington ................................... 871 725 12 95 39 401 45 326 30 3 ( ) 3 ( )

West Virginia ................................ 247 205 4 23 15 99 16 74 8 17 5

Wisconsin ..................................... 920 766 15 105 34 409 34 348 26 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Wyoming ....................................... 74 63 1 6 3 34 4 26 3 3 3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Alabama ....................................... 44 36 2 5 1 67 3 60 3 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Alaska ........................................... 7 5 1 1 4 ( ) 9 1 7 1 2 2

Arizona ......................................... 47 39 2 6 1 75 4 68 3 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Arkansas ....................................... 23 20 1 2 4 ( ) 39 2 35 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

California ...................................... 180 144 11 19 6 405 37 354 13 66 86

Colorado ....................................... 37 30 2 4 1 72 5 65 2 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Connecticut ................................... 17 15 4 ( ) 2 4 ( ) 71 4 61 6 3 ( ) 3 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. States: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual

averages — Continued

(In thousands)

Population group and State

Employed1 Unemployed

Full-time workers Part-time workers

Looking for

full-time

work

Looking for

part-time

Total work

At work

Not

at

work

Total

At work2

Not

at

work

35

hours

or

more

1 to 34 hours Part time

for

economic

reasons

Part time

for

noneconomic reasons

Economic

reasons

Noneconomic reasons

Both sexes, 16 to 19

years–Continued

Delaware ...................................... 8 6 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 11 1 10 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

District of Columbia ...................... 1 1 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 3 4 ( ) 2 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Florida ........................................... 112 94 5 9 4 190 14 168 8 21 28

Georgia ......................................... 74 60 3 10 2 131 10 115 6 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Hawaii ........................................... 5 5 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 15 2 12 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Idaho ............................................. 16 14 1 1 1 31 3 28 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Illinois ............................................ 106 90 4 9 3 227 13 205 8 23 32

Indiana .......................................... 53 46 2 4 1 117 5 109 2 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Iowa .............................................. 25 20 1 3 1 70 1 66 3 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Kansas .......................................... 28 25 1 2 1 67 4 59 4 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Kentucky ....................................... 32 26 1 4 1 71 6 60 4 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Louisiana ...................................... 34 27 2 4 1 58 6 50 2 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Maine ............................................ 12 10 1 1 4 ( ) 23 3 18 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Maryland ....................................... 31 25 1 4 1 77 3 71 2 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Massachusetts .............................. 39 31 2 5 4 ( ) 121 8 108 6 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Michigan ....................................... 90 75 4 9 3 224 12 205 6 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Minnesota ..................................... 47 38 2 5 2 144 8 130 6 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Mississippi .................................... 17 14 1 2 1 35 2 32 2 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Missouri ........................................ 57 47 3 6 1 90 6 78 5 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Montana ........................................ 8 6 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 15 2 13 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Nebraska ...................................... 18 15 1 2 1 44 3 39 2 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Nevada ......................................... 26 22 1 2 1 24 2 20 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

New Hampshire ............................ 9 8 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 23 1 22 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

New Jersey ................................... 47 40 2 4 1 125 8 113 4 3 ( ) 3 ( )

New Mexico .................................. 15 13 1 2 1 22 3 18 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

New York ...................................... 93 78 4 9 3 232 17 205 9 45 43

North Carolina .............................. 70 55 3 7 4 129 6 121 3 3 ( ) 3 ( )

North Dakota ................................ 8 7 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 18 1 16 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Ohio .............................................. 93 72 4 14 3 215 16 189 11 30 28

Oklahoma ..................................... 30 23 1 5 1 53 4 45 4 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Oregon .......................................... 30 26 1 3 4 ( ) 57 6 48 3 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Pennsylvania ................................ 86 72 3 9 2 216 21 186 9 27 34

Rhode Island ................................ 7 6 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 19 1 17 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

South Carolina .............................. 35 30 2 3 4 ( ) 56 2 51 3 3 ( ) 3 ( )

South Dakota ................................ 12 10 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 18 1 17 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Tennessee .................................... 56 46 3 6 1 77 9 64 4 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Texas ............................................ 173 141 7 20 6 280 24 245 10 67 54

Utah .............................................. 30 27 4 ( ) 2 1 64 4 57 3 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Vermont ........................................ 6 5 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 13 1 11 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Virginia .......................................... 51 42 1 7 4 ( ) 85 7 71 6 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Washington ................................... 52 43 3 6 4 ( ) 101 9 89 2 3 ( ) 3 ( )

West Virginia ................................ 9 7 1 1 4 ( ) 22 3 17 2 7 5

Wisconsin ..................................... 55 46 4 5 1 130 6 121 4 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Wyoming ....................................... 5 4 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 12 1 10 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

White

Alabama ....................................... 1,316 1,129 14 119 55 248 18 211 19 40 12

Alaska ........................................... 202 166 4 20 12 44 7 33 4 15 3

Arizona ......................................... 1,556 1,380 25 106 45 336 37 277 22 68 17

Arkansas ....................................... 803 680 14 75 33 174 14 147 13 32 7

California ...................................... 9,835 8,535 179 783 337 2,353 389 1,814 150 617 161

Colorado ....................................... 1,603 1,382 20 141 60 350 32 299 20 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Connecticut ................................... 1,129 992 6 84 47 297 29 242 26 50 15

Delaware ...................................... 226 198 3 18 8 52 5 44 3 3 ( ) 3 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. States: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual

averages — Continued

(In thousands)

Population group and State

Employed1 Unemployed

Full-time workers Part-time workers

Looking for

full-time

work

Looking for

part-time

Total work

At work

Not

at

work

Total

At work2

Not

at

work

35

hours

or

more

1 to 34 hours Part time

for

economic

reasons

Part time

for

noneconomic reasons

Economic

reasons

Noneconomic reasons

White–Continued

District of Columbia ...................... 87 73 1 11 3 12 2 9 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Florida ........................................... 4,789 4,243 66 326 155 934 101 773 60 191 47

Georgia ......................................... 2,251 1,973 24 172 82 364 27 307 30 62 16

Hawaii ........................................... 122 101 2 13 6 37 7 27 3 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Idaho ............................................. 460 393 10 38 20 126 12 105 9 26 7

Illinois ............................................ 4,033 3,531 46 305 152 909 78 773 58 139 44

Indiana .......................................... 2,268 1,944 30 198 96 500 41 430 29 69 19

Iowa .............................................. 1,164 1,005 18 96 46 300 22 257 21 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Kansas .......................................... 953 824 10 91 28 243 20 208 15 29 12

Kentucky ....................................... 1,385 1,181 16 119 69 289 27 237 24 71 20

Louisiana ...................................... 1,148 990 16 97 46 222 21 187 14 48 9

Maine ............................................ 486 413 9 43 21 129 17 103 8 26 8

Maryland ....................................... 1,564 1,349 16 142 57 368 47 296 24 53 17

Massachusetts .............................. 2,303 1,987 22 196 98 605 50 509 46 88 24

Michigan ....................................... 3,294 2,884 41 230 139 858 73 732 52 117 41

Minnesota ..................................... 1,895 1,630 21 181 63 525 49 438 37 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Mississippi .................................... 681 606 8 43 24 116 8 102 6 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Missouri ........................................ 2,085 1,774 30 204 77 418 29 359 29 76 21

Montana ........................................ 314 264 7 30 13 92 12 73 8 16 4

Nebraska ...................................... 665 582 8 52 23 169 12 146 11 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Nevada ......................................... 641 568 11 39 22 108 15 85 8 25 3

New Hampshire ............................ 485 419 4 41 20 122 11 103 7 3 ( ) 3 ( )

New Jersey ................................... 2,663 2,323 24 212 104 600 56 503 41 121 31

New Mexico .................................. 554 476 10 45 22 138 21 106 11 36 8

New York ...................................... 5,293 4,624 45 402 222 1,257 155 1,025 77 272 76

North Carolina .............................. 2,424 2,139 45 166 75 439 29 377 32 66 15

North Dakota ................................ 257 219 3 26 9 70 6 58 5 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Ohio .............................................. 3,911 3,419 41 287 162 944 86 799 60 164 49

Oklahoma ..................................... 1,067 920 14 93 39 235 23 193 19 34 10

Oregon .......................................... 1,219 1,044 29 99 47 306 41 244 21 76 17

Pennsylvania ................................ 4,063 3,522 47 342 152 1,091 131 885 74 184 61

Rhode Island ................................ 355 300 5 34 16 92 12 73 7 18 5

South Carolina .............................. 1,153 1,042 11 65 34 194 13 169 11 3 ( ) 3 ( )

South Dakota ................................ 287 250 3 24 10 74 5 65 4 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Tennessee .................................... 1,725 1,475 32 153 66 333 27 276 30 85 14

Texas ............................................ 6,767 5,871 95 548 254 1,211 139 987 85 328 83

Utah .............................................. 736 644 9 61 23 227 17 195 15 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Vermont ........................................ 239 204 4 21 10 69 8 56 5 9 3

Virginia .......................................... 2,149 1,869 24 193 63 395 39 328 28 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Washington ................................... 2,066 1,777 29 180 80 533 68 425 39 103 26

West Virginia ................................ 590 503 10 47 30 139 27 101 11 42 9

Wisconsin ..................................... 2,122 1,840 28 176 78 552 46 470 35 65 21

Wyoming ....................................... 184 161 3 4 ( ) 7 48 7 37 4 8 4

Black

Alabama ....................................... 407 330 9 42 25 72 16 49 7 48 9

Alaska ........................................... 8 7 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Arizona ......................................... 62 57 1 4 1 13 3 9 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Arkansas ....................................... 127 105 3 14 4 23 7 15 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

California ...................................... 733 631 10 59 34 131 35 89 8 99 17

Colorado ....................................... 55 46 1 6 2 13 4 9 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Connecticut ................................... 152 140 2 6 5 33 10 21 2 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Delaware ...................................... 68 61 1 4 2 9 1 6 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

District of Columbia ...................... 116 100 1 12 4 17 6 10 1 16 2

Florida ........................................... 764 666 12 56 29 130 31 93 6 76 17

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. States: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual

averages — Continued

(In thousands)

Population group and State

Employed1 Unemployed

Full-time workers Part-time workers

Looking for

full-time

work

Looking for

part-time

Total work

At work

Not

at

work

Total

At work2

Not

at

work

35

hours

or

more

1 to 34 hours Part time

for

economic

reasons

Part time

for

noneconomic reasons

Economic

reasons

Noneconomic reasons

Black–Continued

Georgia ......................................... 937 820 16 59 41 121 26 89 7 81 15

Hawaii ........................................... 9 8 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Illinois ............................................ 597 527 3 40 26 115 30 81 4 78 16

Indiana .......................................... 159 150 1 5 4 31 5 23 3 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Iowa .............................................. 26 21 1 3 1 9 1 7 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Kansas .......................................... 62 55 1 5 2 14 3 11 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Kentucky ....................................... 113 96 2 10 5 22 4 17 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Louisiana ...................................... 418 351 6 41 20 79 27 46 6 58 6

Maryland ....................................... 544 447 7 61 29 75 19 54 2 61 8

Massachusetts .............................. 115 100 1 9 4 21 4 15 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Michigan ....................................... 427 370 9 31 18 79 12 61 5 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Minnesota ..................................... 48 41 4 ( ) 6 2 13 3 9 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Mississippi .................................... 332 281 7 28 15 49 15 30 4 43 6

Missouri ........................................ 200 163 2 24 11 30 5 21 4 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Nebraska ...................................... 20 18 4 ( ) 2 1 3 1 2 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Nevada ......................................... 42 36 4 ( ) 3 2 6 1 5 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

New Hampshire ............................ 5 5 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2 4 ( ) 2 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

New Jersey ................................... 451 389 4 37 20 73 20 50 2 47 8

New Mexico .................................. 9 8 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 3 1 2 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

New York ...................................... 1,009 868 8 87 46 190 59 124 7 154 31

North Carolina .............................. 627 563 11 39 15 90 15 69 6 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Ohio .............................................. 428 354 7 42 25 78 19 55 4 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Oklahoma ..................................... 90 77 1 7 4 19 5 13 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Oregon .......................................... 22 20 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 5 1 4 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Pennsylvania ................................ 350 305 4 28 13 66 19 42 4 46 11

Rhode Island ................................ 20 16 4 ( ) 3 1 5 1 3 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

South Carolina .............................. 401 344 7 31 18 64 17 41 5 3 ( ) 3 ( )

South Dakota ................................ 3 3 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Tennessee .................................... 412 362 5 31 14 68 13 50 4 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Texas ............................................ 869 754 10 71 33 168 40 116 11 89 15

Utah .............................................. 5 5 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Virginia .......................................... 541 463 6 54 19 82 20 60 3 3 ( ) 3 ( )

West Virginia ................................ 12 10 4 ( ) 1 1 3 4 ( ) 2 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Wisconsin ..................................... 80 69 1 8 3 16 5 11 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Wyoming ....................................... 2 1 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Hispanic origin

Alabama ....................................... 15 13 4 ( ) 1 1 2 4 ( ) 2 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Alaska ........................................... 5 4 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 1 1 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Arizona ......................................... 433 394 12 20 7 90 22 64 4 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Arkansas ....................................... 19 16 1 2 4 ( ) 2 1 1 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

California ...................................... 3,323 2,905 95 234 89 667 199 435 33 318 71

Colorado ....................................... 220 187 3 19 11 45 6 36 2 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Connecticut ................................... 83 73 1 6 3 18 6 10 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Delaware ...................................... 8 7 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 2 4 ( ) 2 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

District of Columbia ...................... 14 12 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 2 1 1 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Florida ........................................... 991 873 18 72 27 155 37 112 7 62 10

Georgia ......................................... 66 59 1 3 3 10 1 9 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Hawaii ........................................... 10 8 4 ( ) 1 1 4 1 2 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Idaho ............................................. 35 30 2 2 2 4 1 4 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Illinois ............................................ 436 393 9 22 13 58 13 43 2 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Indiana .......................................... 49 48 4 ( ) 1 1 6 3 4 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Iowa .............................................. 17 15 4 ( ) 1 1 4 1 3 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Kansas .......................................... 45 37 1 6 2 9 2 6 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. States: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual

averages — Continued

(In thousands)

Population group and State

Employed1 Unemployed

Full-time workers Part-time workers

Looking for

full-time

work

Looking for

part-time

Total work

At work

Not

at

work

Total

At work2

Not

at

work

35

hours

or

more

1 to 34 hours Part time

for

economic

reasons

Part time

for

noneconomic reasons

Economic

reasons

Noneconomic reasons

Hispanic origin–Continued

Kentucky ....................................... 15 13 4 ( ) 1 1 4 4 ( ) 3 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Louisiana ...................................... 37 30 1 4 3 7 2 5 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Maryland ....................................... 99 89 1 6 3 20 7 12 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Massachusetts .............................. 97 87 1 7 3 20 4 15 2 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Michigan ....................................... 101 85 3 8 5 22 4 17 2 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Minnesota ..................................... 39 35 1 3 1 16 5 10 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Mississippi .................................... 18 15 4 ( ) 2 1 3 1 2 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Missouri ........................................ 35 32 4 ( ) 2 1 9 1 7 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Montana ........................................ 6 4 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 2 4 ( ) 2 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Nebraska ...................................... 24 21 1 1 1 4 1 3 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Nevada ......................................... 97 87 3 5 2 11 3 6 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

New Hampshire ............................ 7 6 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

New Jersey ................................... 351 315 4 25 7 69 11 55 3 32 8

New Mexico .................................. 230 195 6 20 10 53 13 37 3 20 4

New York ...................................... 875 780 8 59 27 169 43 118 8 91 16

North Carolina .............................. 92 79 5 7 2 9 2 6 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

North Dakota ................................ 2 1 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Ohio .............................................. 64 56 1 4 2 10 2 7 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Oklahoma ..................................... 35 30 1 3 1 4 4 ( ) 3 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Oregon .......................................... 105 91 7 5 3 16 4 11 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Pennsylvania ................................ 92 78 2 8 4 19 2 16 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Rhode Island ................................ 22 19 1 1 4 ( ) 2 1 1 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

South Carolina .............................. 27 25 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 3 1 2 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

South Dakota ................................ 3 2 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Tennessee .................................... 26 24 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 3 1 2 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Texas ............................................ 2,145 1,853 51 167 75 374 79 275 19 180 32

Utah .............................................. 54 49 1 4 2 6 1 4 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Vermont ........................................ 1 1 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Virginia .......................................... 88 79 3 4 2 16 4 11 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Washington ................................... 105 91 1 9 4 21 4 15 2 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Wisconsin ..................................... 59 53 1 3 1 8 1 6 1 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Wyoming ....................................... 10 8 4 ( ) 1 1 2 4 ( ) 1 4 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

1 Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on

their usual weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are

at work during the reference week. Persons absent from work are classified

according to their usual status. 2 Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their

reason for working part time. 3 Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS

publication standards of reliability for the particular area, based on the sample

in that area. See appendix B. 4 Less than 500 persons employed or less than 0.05 percent of total

employed.

 NOTE: Items may not add to totals because of rounding. Detail for race and

Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the "other races"

group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and

black population groups.
Table 14. States: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by occupation, 1997 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status and State Total

Managerial and

professional specialty

Technical, sales, and

administrative support

Service

occupations

Precision

production,

craft, and

repair

Operators, fabricators, and

laborers

Farming,

forestry,

and

fishing

Executive,

administrative, and

managerial

Professional specialtyTechnicians and

related

support

Sales

Administrative support, including

clerical

Machine

operators,

assemblers, and

inspectors

Transportation and

material

moving

Handlers,

equipment

cleaners,

helpers,

and laborers

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Alabama ................................. 2,164 241 277 65 286 275 263 258 211 111 113 63

Alaska ..................................... 315 49 49 13 32 45 45 35 7 13 17 10

Arizona ................................... 2,159 293 285 73 281 332 320 245 103 74 80 73

Arkansas ................................. 1,205 135 132 34 128 145 174 150 126 70 65 44

California ................................ 15,862 2,395 2,441 480 2,005 2,195 2,098 1,593 916 550 607 575

Colorado ................................. 2,155 357 328 84 287 309 278 229 76 76 78 2 ( )

Connecticut ............................. 1,718 274 269 61 216 252 239 166 99 51 63 2 ( )

Delaware ................................ 379 61 54 15 42 64 55 36 18 17 13 2 ( )

District of Columbia ................ 256 54 60 10 19 39 46 10 3 8 6 2 ( )

Florida ..................................... 7,079 1,019 918 221 1,023 1,048 1,107 766 251 284 274 166

Georgia ................................... 3,892 580 524 124 459 533 475 451 282 196 188 78

Hawaii ..................................... 588 77 76 14 78 92 121 59 13 20 19 21

Idaho ....................................... 632 71 82 18 68 79 90 82 36 31 32 43

Illinois ...................................... 6,103 877 880 160 770 929 822 631 412 269 259 92

Indiana .................................... 3,088 388 392 94 352 419 375 389 318 138 162 2 ( )

Iowa ........................................ 1,574 175 200 58 188 210 219 156 108 83 79 98

Kansas .................................... 1,364 204 204 2 ( ) 152 192 191 141 77 49 50 65

Kentucky ................................. 1,920 260 253 63 222 251 251 215 148 110 99 47

Louisiana ................................ 2,009 236 247 72 236 281 321 247 114 120 90 44

Maine ...................................... 658 87 86 15 74 90 90 86 45 28 29 28

Maryland ................................. 2,781 452 547 107 337 413 375 252 83 80 84 2 ( )

Massachusetts ........................ 3,250 515 599 106 353 487 437 332 176 99 107 2 ( )

Michigan ................................. 4,971 604 715 173 578 672 651 570 492 199 221 94

Minnesota ............................... 2,619 397 364 84 314 342 363 300 130 103 102 120

Mississippi .............................. 1,258 130 171 38 143 162 165 163 124 76 56 32

Missouri .................................. 2,874 334 422 100 354 420 364 345 179 121 124 110

Montana .................................. 453 59 63 10 55 58 71 47 14 21 19 37

Nebraska ................................ 905 110 113 2 ( ) 104 124 128 91 49 2 ( ) 38 85

Nevada ................................... 882 127 100 2 ( ) 119 119 186 99 23 36 36 2 ( )

New Hampshire ...................... 644 90 103 2 ( ) 80 90 79 85 46 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

New Jersey ............................. 4,180 637 634 151 577 661 558 367 225 174 149 45

New Mexico ............................ 817 105 126 32 102 104 133 98 21 38 29 28

New York ................................ 8,750 1,264 1,377 265 1,019 1,351 1,450 818 443 318 307 137

North Carolina ........................ 3,834 465 491 126 438 496 446 516 406 179 167 104

North Dakota .......................... 347 38 42 2 ( ) 45 45 52 30 2 ( ) 18 2 ( ) 44

Ohio ........................................ 5,690 740 778 205 661 769 837 632 457 242 257 111

Oklahoma ............................... 1,596 206 213 48 178 242 220 188 87 68 76 68

Oregon .................................... 1,728 219 233 43 208 215 249 199 121 79 88 75

Pennsylvania .......................... 5,957 827 902 180 681 850 855 625 392 266 282 97

Rhode Island .......................... 503 67 81 18 58 71 75 53 40 14 18 2 ( )

South Carolina ........................ 1,904 213 252 60 220 235 239 275 188 83 96 2 ( )

South Dakota .......................... 392 44 49 2 ( ) 47 46 63 42 23 15 16 36

Tennessee .............................. 2,699 365 327 86 324 344 338 318 247 137 133 79

Texas ...................................... 9,824 1,269 1,407 307 1,240 1,377 1,372 1,175 493 453 399 332

Utah ........................................ 1,039 137 152 34 131 170 122 133 50 38 43 2 ( )

Vermont .................................. 325 43 53 2 ( ) 40 43 45 37 19 12 11 13

Virginia .................................... 3,395 537 557 96 408 473 440 355 168 144 137 2 ( )

Washington ............................. 2,984 474 460 104 370 382 367 305 132 125 145 121

West Virginia .......................... 796 86 107 31 99 109 117 104 38 47 41 17

Wisconsin ............................... 2,923 376 416 96 315 403 365 309 264 138 138 101

Wyoming ................................. 250 29 34 6 28 29 42 30 8 17 10 17

EMPLOYED

Alabama ................................. 2,064 239 274 63 269 268 236 248 196 106 103 62

Alaska ..................................... 291 48 48 12 30 43 40 31 6 11 14 9

Arizona ................................... 2,065 287 280 71 261 317 303 235 97 72 75 66

Arkansas ................................. 1,147 134 129 34 121 140 162 144 118 67 55 42

California ................................ 14,966 2,339 2,373 464 1,896 2,083 1,936 1,483 849 507 527 509

Colorado ................................. 2,088 349 323 83 275 297 267 222 74 72 72 2 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. States: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by occupation, 1997 annual averages — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status and State Total

Managerial and

professional specialty

Technical, sales, and

administrative support

Service

occupations

Precision

production,

craft, and

repair

Operators, fabricators, and

laborers

Farming,

forestry,

and

fishing

Executive,

administrative, and

managerial

Professional specialtyTechnicians and

related

support

Sales

Administrative support, including

clerical

Machine

operators,

assemblers, and

inspectors

Transportation and

material

moving

Handlers,

equipment

cleaners,

helpers,

and laborers

EMPLOYED–Continued

Connecticut ............................. 1,635 269 266 61 208 238 222 155 92 46 54 2 ( )

Delaware ................................ 364 60 53 14 40 61 52 35 16 16 12 2 ( )

District of Columbia ................ 237 52 58 10 17 36 40 9 2 ( ) 7 4 2 ( )

Florida ..................................... 6,768 997 900 215 974 1,006 1,043 732 236 268 245 153

Georgia ................................... 3,730 571 515 122 435 518 439 436 264 188 170 72

Hawaii ..................................... 554 75 73 13 74 88 113 52 12 18 16 19

Idaho ....................................... 600 70 80 17 65 75 83 79 33 28 29 41

Illinois ...................................... 5,842 860 863 155 736 900 770 602 383 258 227 87

Indiana .................................... 2,985 384 385 92 339 410 355 378 303 134 146 2 ( )

Iowa ........................................ 1,526 173 198 57 182 205 208 151 104 79 73 96

Kansas .................................... 1,315 202 201 2 ( ) 144 186 180 135 73 47 45 63

Kentucky ................................. 1,824 257 248 60 208 242 233 201 137 106 88 44

Louisiana ................................ 1,900 232 241 70 220 271 295 235 105 114 79 38

Maine ...................................... 623 85 84 14 70 86 84 81 43 27 26 24

Maryland ................................. 2,648 441 534 103 319 392 349 241 73 75 76 2 ( )

Massachusetts ........................ 3,129 503 589 102 336 471 420 313 168 92 98 2 ( )

Michigan ................................. 4,776 594 707 167 556 652 614 549 461 189 200 86

Minnesota ............................... 2,539 394 361 80 305 335 343 289 123 99 92 117

Mississippi .............................. 1,193 128 169 36 135 155 153 153 112 72 50 28

Missouri .................................. 2,765 329 412 99 343 411 341 332 169 111 112 108

Montana .................................. 430 57 61 9 53 56 66 44 12 19 16 35

Nebraska ................................ 883 109 111 2 ( ) 101 122 121 90 47 2 ( ) 35 84

Nevada ................................... 847 124 98 2 ( ) 114 115 177 94 23 33 33 2 ( )

New Hampshire ...................... 625 89 101 2 ( ) 78 88 75 82 45 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

New Jersey ............................. 3,978 623 618 147 552 624 520 346 212 159 133 43

New Mexico ............................ 769 102 123 32 97 101 121 90 19 34 24 25

New York ................................ 8,243 1,222 1,338 257 952 1,278 1,340 768 403 298 264 123

North Carolina ........................ 3,705 456 483 123 422 487 422 499 382 174 155 101

North Dakota .......................... 339 38 42 2 ( ) 44 44 50 29 2 ( ) 17 2 ( ) 43

Ohio ........................................ 5,448 723 764 203 630 747 793 602 429 229 224 104

Oklahoma ............................... 1,534 203 211 47 169 233 208 179 83 66 70 67

Oregon .................................... 1,631 214 226 42 199 204 229 187 112 74 76 68

Pennsylvania .......................... 5,673 812 886 175 648 816 794 596 368 254 242 83

Rhode Island .......................... 478 65 81 18 56 67 69 50 36 13 16 2 ( )

South Carolina ........................ 1,826 211 247 59 210 226 222 269 173 80 90 2 ( )

South Dakota .......................... 381 44 48 2 ( ) 47 45 60 40 22 14 15 36

Tennessee .............................. 2,562 361 321 86 306 335 312 297 227 128 115 75

Texas ...................................... 9,350 1,246 1,375 303 1,169 1,321 1,266 1,112 460 436 348 314

Utah ........................................ 1,008 135 149 34 128 167 116 128 48 36 40 2 ( )

Vermont .................................. 313 42 52 2 ( ) 39 42 43 35 19 12 10 12

Virginia .................................... 3,271 533 545 95 388 460 417 342 158 136 123 2 ( )

Washington ............................. 2,846 468 453 101 349 368 337 292 122 117 134 105

West Virginia .......................... 749 85 105 31 92 104 109 97 34 44 34 15

Wisconsin ............................... 2,821 371 406 94 306 390 347 301 254 131 124 97

Wyoming ................................. 238 29 33 6 26 28 38 29 7 16 9 16

UNEMPLOYED

Alabama ................................. 100 2 3 1 17 8 27 10 14 5 10 2

Alaska ..................................... 24 2 1 1 2 2 5 4 1 1 3 1

Arizona ................................... 94 6 5 2 21 15 16 10 6 2 5 6

Arkansas ................................. 58 2 2 3 ( ) 8 5 11 6 9 3 10 2

California ................................ 896 56 67 16 109 113 161 110 67 43 81 67

Colorado ................................. 67 7 5 1 12 12 11 7 2 3 5 2 ( )

Connecticut ............................. 82 5 3 1 8 14 18 11 6 4 9 2 ( )

Delaware ................................ 15 1 1 3 ( ) 2 3 3 1 2 1 1 2 ( )

District of Columbia ................ 19 2 2 3 ( ) 3 3 6 1 2 ( ) 3 ( ) 1 2 ( )

Florida ..................................... 310 22 19 6 49 42 64 34 15 16 28 13

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. States: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by occupation, 1997 annual averages — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status and State Total

Managerial and

professional specialty

Technical, sales, and

administrative support

Service

occupations

Precision

production,

craft, and

repair

Operators, fabricators, and

laborers

Farming,

forestry,

and

fishing

Executive,

administrative, and

managerial

Professional specialtyTechnicians and

related

support

Sales

Administrative support, including

clerical

Machine

operators,

assemblers, and

inspectors

Transportation and

material

moving

Handlers,

equipment

cleaners,

helpers,

and laborers

UNEMPLOYED–Continued

Georgia ................................... 162 9 9 2 24 15 36 15 18 8 18 6

Hawaii ..................................... 34 2 3 3 ( ) 4 3 8 7 1 1 2 2

Idaho ....................................... 32 1 2 3 ( ) 3 4 7 3 3 3 3 3

Illinois ...................................... 262 17 17 5 34 29 52 29 29 11 31 5

Indiana .................................... 103 4 7 2 12 9 20 11 14 4 17 2 ( )

Iowa ........................................ 48 2 2 1 6 5 11 5 4 5 5 2

Kansas .................................... 49 2 3 2 ( ) 8 6 11 6 4 1 5 2

Kentucky ................................. 95 3 4 3 14 9 18 15 11 4 11 3

Louisiana ................................ 108 4 5 1 16 10 27 11 9 7 11 6

Maine ...................................... 34 2 2 1 3 4 7 5 2 1 4 3

Maryland ................................. 133 11 13 4 18 21 27 12 10 5 8 2 ( )

Massachusetts ........................ 121 12 10 4 18 16 17 19 8 6 9 2 ( )

Michigan ................................. 195 10 9 6 22 20 37 21 30 10 20 8

Minnesota ............................... 80 3 3 3 9 7 20 11 7 4 10 4

Mississippi .............................. 65 2 2 1 8 6 12 9 12 4 6 4

Missouri .................................. 109 5 9 1 12 10 24 13 9 9 13 3

Montana .................................. 23 1 2 3 ( ) 2 3 5 3 1 2 2 2

Nebraska ................................ 22 1 2 3 ( ) 3 1 7 1 2 2 ( ) 3 1

Nevada ................................... 35 3 2 2 ( ) 5 4 9 5 3 ( ) 3 3 2 ( )

New Hampshire ...................... 20 1 2 2 ( ) 2 2 4 2 1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

New Jersey ............................. 202 14 16 4 26 38 37 21 13 14 16 2

New Mexico ............................ 48 3 3 3 ( ) 5 4 12 8 2 4 5 3

New York ................................ 507 42 40 8 67 72 110 50 41 20 43 15

North Carolina ........................ 129 9 8 4 16 9 24 16 23 5 11 3

North Dakota .......................... 8 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( ) 1 2 1 2 ( ) 1 2 ( ) 1

Ohio ........................................ 242 16 14 2 31 23 44 30 28 13 33 7

Oklahoma ............................... 62 4 2 1 9 10 12 9 4 3 6 2

Oregon .................................... 97 5 7 2 9 11 20 11 8 5 12 7

Pennsylvania .......................... 285 15 17 6 33 34 61 29 25 12 39 14

Rhode Island .......................... 25 2 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 2 4 5 3 4 1 2 2 ( )

South Carolina ........................ 78 2 5 2 10 9 17 7 15 3 6 2 ( )

South Dakota .......................... 11 1 1 2 ( ) 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1

Tennessee .............................. 137 4 7 3 ( ) 18 9 27 21 20 9 18 5

Texas ...................................... 474 23 32 5 71 56 106 63 32 17 51 18

Utah ........................................ 31 2 3 3 ( ) 4 3 6 5 2 1 3 2 ( )

Vermont .................................. 12 1 1 2 ( ) 2 1 3 2 1 1 1 1

Virginia .................................... 124 5 12 1 20 12 23 13 10 8 14 2 ( )

Washington ............................. 138 6 7 3 22 14 30 12 10 8 12 16

West Virginia .......................... 47 1 2 3 ( ) 7 5 8 7 4 4 7 2

Wisconsin ............................... 102 5 10 1 9 13 18 8 10 7 15 4

Wyoming ................................. 12 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 1 1 4 2 3 ( ) 1 1 1

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE

Alabama ................................. 4.6 1.0 1.0 2.2 5.9 2.7 10.4 3.9 6.9 4.3 8.9 2.7

Alaska ..................................... 7.5 3.8 2.4 5.9 7.2 4.4 11.4 10.1 15.1 11.5 18.3 12.7

Arizona ................................... 4.2 1.9 1.6 2.1 7.1 4.4 5.0 4.1 6.0 2.2 6.2 8.3

Arkansas ................................. 4.8 1.2 1.9 .6 6.0 3.3 6.5 3.7 6.7 4.6 14.9 4.6

California ................................ 5.7 2.4 2.8 3.4 5.4 5.1 7.7 6.9 7.4 7.9 13.3 11.6

Colorado ................................. 3.1 2.1 1.5 .6 4.1 3.8 4.0 2.9 2.6 4.4 6.7 2 ( )

Connecticut ............................. 4.8 1.8 1.1 1.1 3.9 5.6 7.5 6.6 6.2 8.4 14.7 2 ( )

Delaware ................................ 3.9 1.9 1.5 2.0 5.3 4.0 5.7 3.1 9.3 3.8 8.0 2 ( )

District of Columbia ................ 7.3 3.1 3.0 1.2 12.8 8.7 13.2 10.6 8.7 5.7 22.7 2 ( )

Florida ..................................... 4.4 2.2 2.1 2.8 4.8 4.1 5.8 4.4 6.1 5.8 10.4 7.6

Georgia ................................... 4.2 1.6 1.6 1.7 5.2 2.9 7.6 3.4 6.5 3.9 9.7 7.8

Hawaii ..................................... 5.8 2.7 3.4 2.9 5.4 3.5 6.3 12.0 6.8 6.9 12.7 11.5

Idaho ....................................... 5.0 1.5 2.5 1.5 4.4 4.6 7.3 4.0 7.5 9.5 10.5 6.4

Illinois ...................................... 4.3 2.0 1.9 3.3 4.4 3.1 6.3 4.6 7.1 4.0 12.1 5.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. States: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by occupation, 1997 annual averages — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status and State Total

Managerial and

professional specialty

Technical, sales, and

administrative support

Service

occupations

Precision

production,

craft, and

repair

Operators, fabricators, and

laborers

Farming,

forestry,

and

fishing

Executive,

administrative, and

managerial

Professional specialtyTechnicians and

related

support

Sales

Administrative support, including

clerical

Machine

operators,

assemblers, and

inspectors

Transportation and

material

moving

Handlers,

equipment

cleaners,

helpers,

and laborers

UNEMPLOYMENT

RATE–Continued

Indiana .................................... 3.3 1.0 1.8 1.9 3.5 2.2 5.2 2.9 4.5 3.1 10.3 2 ( )

Iowa ........................................ 3.0 1.1 .9 1.0 3.2 2.3 5.1 3.4 3.6 5.5 6.6 2.5

Kansas .................................... 3.6 .9 1.4 2 ( ) 5.3 3.0 6.0 4.4 4.9 2.8 10.0 3.6

Kentucky ................................. 5.0 1.2 1.8 4.7 6.1 3.7 7.1 6.8 7.5 3.7 11.2 5.4

Louisiana ................................ 5.4 1.7 2.1 1.7 6.8 3.6 8.4 4.6 8.0 5.7 12.1 14.8

Maine ...................................... 5.2 2.1 2.2 6.0 4.2 4.3 7.3 5.9 4.7 4.1 12.1 12.3

Maryland ................................. 4.8 2.5 2.3 4.1 5.4 5.2 7.2 4.6 12.0 6.2 9.3 2 ( )

Massachusetts ........................ 3.7 2.3 1.6 3.8 5.0 3.2 3.8 5.6 4.6 6.4 8.3 2 ( )

Michigan ................................. 4.0 1.7 1.2 3.4 3.8 3.0 5.9 3.8 6.3 5.0 9.4 8.3

Minnesota ............................... 3.0 .6 .9 3.9 2.9 2.0 5.4 3.8 5.1 3.7 9.5 3.0

Mississippi .............................. 5.1 1.4 1.3 3.2 5.3 3.9 7.3 5.8 9.3 4.7 10.0 11.5

Missouri .................................. 3.8 1.5 2.2 1.4 3.3 2.3 6.5 3.9 5.2 7.8 10.1 2.4

Montana .................................. 5.1 2.1 2.9 1.0 3.3 4.3 7.3 6.6 8.4 8.5 12.6 5.5

Nebraska ................................ 2.4 1.0 1.5 2 ( ) 2.7 1.2 5.4 1.4 3.1 2 ( ) 7.8 1.5

Nevada ................................... 3.9 2.4 1.5 2 ( ) 3.8 3.5 4.8 5.1 .9 7.0 9.5 2 ( )

New Hampshire ...................... 3.0 .6 1.8 2 ( ) 3.0 2.6 5.2 2.7 2.1 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( )

New Jersey ............................. 4.9 2.3 2.5 2.7 4.5 5.7 6.7 5.7 5.8 8.4 10.5 5.2

New Mexico ............................ 5.8 2.8 2.2 .9 5.4 3.4 8.7 7.9 7.7 9.8 17.5 9.1

New York ................................ 5.8 3.3 2.9 2.8 6.5 5.3 7.6 6.1 9.1 6.1 13.8 10.8

North Carolina ........................ 3.4 1.9 1.7 2.8 3.6 1.8 5.3 3.2 5.8 2.7 6.6 2.4

North Dakota .......................... 2.4 .7 1.1 2 ( ) .8 1.8 3.9 3.0 2 ( ) 4.8 2 ( ) 2.5

Ohio ........................................ 4.2 2.2 1.8 1.0 4.7 2.9 5.3 4.8 6.1 5.2 12.8 6.4

Oklahoma ............................... 3.9 1.8 1.1 2.8 4.9 4.0 5.6 4.7 4.8 4.1 8.2 2.3

Oregon .................................... 5.6 2.4 3.1 4.1 4.5 4.9 8.0 5.6 6.9 6.2 13.2 8.8

Pennsylvania .......................... 4.8 1.8 1.8 3.1 4.8 4.0 7.1 4.6 6.3 4.6 14.0 14.5

Rhode Island .......................... 4.9 2.6 .5 .2 3.6 5.0 7.3 5.6 10.6 10.0 10.0 2 ( )

South Carolina ........................ 4.1 .7 2.1 2.7 4.5 3.7 7.3 2.4 8.0 3.3 6.8 2 ( )

South Dakota .......................... 2.9 1.5 1.6 2 ( ) 1.7 1.6 5.1 5.1 3.6 3.9 7.3 1.6

Tennessee .............................. 5.1 1.0 2.0 .3 5.6 2.5 7.8 6.7 7.9 6.4 13.2 5.9

Texas ...................................... 4.8 1.8 2.3 1.6 5.7 4.1 7.7 5.3 6.6 3.8 12.6 5.3

Utah ........................................ 3.0 1.8 2.0 .5 2.7 2.0 5.1 3.5 4.2 3.1 7.7 2 ( )

Vermont .................................. 3.7 1.4 1.4 2 ( ) 3.9 3.2 5.7 4.2 2.9 5.7 9.8 8.1

Virginia .................................... 3.7 .8 2.2 1.5 5.0 2.6 5.3 3.8 5.8 5.4 10.2 2 ( )

Washington ............................. 4.6 1.2 1.6 2.5 5.8 3.5 8.0 4.1 7.4 6.5 8.0 13.0

West Virginia .......................... 5.9 1.3 1.8 1.1 6.8 4.4 6.7 7.1 10.2 7.7 17.1 13.6

Wisconsin ............................... 3.5 1.3 2.4 1.3 2.9 3.3 5.0 2.6 3.9 5.4 10.5 4.0

Wyoming ................................. 4.7 1.1 1.2 1.4 4.1 3.0 10.0 5.0 4.1 6.0 9.7 4.8

1 Excludes persons with no previous work experience. 2 Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS

publication standards of reliability for the particular area, based on the sample in

that area. See appendix B.

3 Less than 500 persons employed or less than 0.05 percent of total

employed.

 NOTE: Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed rates because of

rounding.
Table 15. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1997

annual averages

Population group and State

Total employed Managerial and

professional specialty

Technical, sales, and

administrative support

Service

occupations

Precision

production,

craft, and

repair

Operators, fabricators, and

laborers

Farming,

forestry,

and fishing

Number

(in thousands)

Percent

Executive,

administrative,

and managerial

Professional

specialty

Technicians

and

related

support

Sales

Administrative

support,

including

clerical

Machine

operators,

assemblers, and

inspectors

Transportation and

material

moving

Handlers,

equipment

cleaners,

helpers,

and

laborers

TOTAL

Alabama ............................. 2,064 100.0 11.6 13.3 3.1 13.0 13.0 11.4 12.0 9.5 5.1 5.0 3.0

Alaska ................................. 291 100.0 16.3 16.4 4.2 10.3 14.7 13.7 10.8 2.0 3.9 4.7 3.1

Arizona ............................... 2,065 100.0 13.9 13.6 3.4 12.6 15.3 14.7 11.4 4.7 3.5 3.6 3.2

Arkansas ............................. 1,147 100.0 11.7 11.3 3.0 10.5 12.2 14.2 12.6 10.3 5.8 4.8 3.6

California ............................ 14,966 100.0 15.6 15.9 3.1 12.7 13.9 12.9 9.9 5.7 3.4 3.5 3.4

Colorado ............................. 2,088 100.0 16.7 15.5 4.0 13.2 14.2 12.8 10.7 3.6 3.5 3.5 2.4

Connecticut ......................... 1,635 100.0 16.5 16.2 3.7 12.7 14.6 13.6 9.5 5.7 2.8 3.3 1.5

Delaware ............................ 364 100.0 16.4 14.6 3.9 10.9 16.8 14.3 9.5 4.5 4.4 3.2 1.4

District of Columbia ............ 237 100.0 22.1 24.5 4.1 7.1 15.1 16.9 3.6 1.3 3.0 1.9 .3

Florida ................................. 6,768 100.0 14.7 13.3 3.2 14.4 14.9 15.4 10.8 3.5 4.0 3.6 2.3

Georgia ............................... 3,730 100.0 15.3 13.8 3.3 11.7 13.9 11.8 11.7 7.1 5.0 4.5 1.9

Hawaii ................................. 554 100.0 13.5 13.2 2.4 13.3 15.9 20.4 9.3 2.2 3.3 2.9 3.4

Idaho ................................... 600 100.0 11.6 13.3 2.9 10.9 12.5 13.9 13.1 5.5 4.7 4.8 6.8

Illinois .................................. 5,842 100.0 14.7 14.8 2.7 12.6 15.4 13.2 10.3 6.6 4.4 3.9 1.5

Indiana ................................ 2,985 100.0 12.9 12.9 3.1 11.4 13.7 11.9 12.7 10.2 4.5 4.9 2.0

Iowa .................................... 1,526 100.0 11.4 13.0 3.8 11.9 13.5 13.6 9.9 6.8 5.1 4.8 6.3

Kansas ................................ 1,315 100.0 15.4 15.3 2.8 11.0 14.2 13.7 10.3 5.6 3.6 3.4 4.8

Kentucky ............................. 1,824 100.0 14.1 13.6 3.3 11.4 13.3 12.8 11.0 7.5 5.8 4.8 2.4

Louisiana ............................ 1,900 100.0 12.2 12.7 3.7 11.6 14.3 15.5 12.4 5.5 6.0 4.2 2.0

Maine .................................. 623 100.0 13.6 13.5 2.3 11.3 13.8 13.4 13.0 6.8 4.3 4.1 3.9

Maryland ............................. 2,648 100.0 16.7 20.2 3.9 12.0 14.8 13.2 9.1 2.8 2.9 2.9 1.7

Massachusetts .................... 3,129 100.0 16.1 18.8 3.3 10.7 15.1 13.4 10.0 5.4 2.9 3.1 1.2

Michigan ............................. 4,776 100.0 12.4 14.8 3.5 11.6 13.7 12.8 11.5 9.7 4.0 4.2 1.8

Minnesota ........................... 2,539 100.0 15.5 14.2 3.2 12.0 13.2 13.5 11.4 4.9 3.9 3.6 4.6

Mississippi .......................... 1,193 100.0 10.7 14.2 3.0 11.3 13.0 12.8 12.9 9.4 6.0 4.2 2.4

Missouri .............................. 2,765 100.0 11.9 14.9 3.6 12.4 14.8 12.3 12.0 6.1 4.0 4.0 3.9

Montana .............................. 430 100.0 13.3 14.1 2.2 12.3 13.0 15.4 10.2 2.9 4.5 3.8 8.2

Nebraska ............................ 883 100.0 12.4 12.6 3.1 11.5 13.9 13.7 10.2 5.4 3.9 3.9 9.5

Nevada ............................... 847 100.0 14.6 11.6 2.6 13.5 13.5 20.9 11.1 2.7 3.9 3.8 1.6

New Hampshire .................. 625 100.0 14.3 16.1 3.0 12.4 14.1 12.0 13.2 7.2 3.3 2.9 1.3

New Jersey ......................... 3,978 100.0 15.7 15.5 3.7 13.9 15.7 13.1 8.7 5.3 4.0 3.4 1.1

New Mexico ........................ 769 100.0 13.3 16.0 4.2 12.6 13.1 15.8 11.7 2.5 4.4 3.1 3.3

New York ............................ 8,243 100.0 14.8 16.2 3.1 11.6 15.5 16.3 9.3 4.9 3.6 3.2 1.5

North Carolina .................... 3,705 100.0 12.3 13.0 3.3 11.4 13.1 11.4 13.5 10.3 4.7 4.2 2.7

North Dakota ...................... 339 100.0 11.1 12.4 3.0 13.0 13.1 14.7 8.6 3.6 5.0 2.9 12.6

Ohio .................................... 5,448 100.0 13.3 14.0 3.7 11.6 13.7 14.6 11.0 7.9 4.2 4.1 1.9

Oklahoma ........................... 1,534 100.0 13.2 13.7 3.0 11.0 15.2 13.5 11.7 5.4 4.3 4.6 4.3

Oregon ................................ 1,631 100.0 13.1 13.9 2.6 12.2 12.5 14.0 11.5 6.9 4.5 4.7 4.2

Pennsylvania ...................... 5,673 100.0 14.3 15.6 3.1 11.4 14.4 14.0 10.5 6.5 4.5 4.3 1.5

Rhode Island ...................... 478 100.0 13.6 16.9 3.7 11.7 14.0 14.5 10.5 7.5 2.7 3.4 1.3

South Carolina .................... 1,826 100.0 11.6 13.5 3.2 11.5 12.4 12.1 14.7 9.5 4.4 4.9 2.2

South Dakota ...................... 381 100.0 11.4 12.6 2.7 12.2 11.9 15.8 10.5 5.9 3.7 3.9 9.4

Tennessee .......................... 2,562 100.0 14.1 12.5 3.4 11.9 13.1 12.2 11.6 8.9 5.0 4.5 2.9

Texas .................................. 9,350 100.0 13.3 14.7 3.2 12.5 14.1 13.5 11.9 4.9 4.7 3.7 3.4

Utah .................................... 1,008 100.0 13.4 14.8 3.3 12.7 16.6 11.5 12.7 4.8 3.6 4.0 2.7

Vermont .............................. 313 100.0 13.5 16.6 2.7 12.4 13.3 13.7 11.3 6.0 3.7 3.1 3.7

Virginia ................................ 3,271 100.0 16.3 16.7 2.9 11.9 14.1 12.7 10.4 4.8 4.2 3.8 2.3

Washington ......................... 2,846 100.0 16.5 15.9 3.5 12.2 12.9 11.8 10.3 4.3 4.1 4.7 3.7

West Virginia ...................... 749 100.0 11.4 14.0 4.1 12.3 13.9 14.5 12.9 4.6 5.8 4.5 2.0

Wisconsin ........................... 2,821 100.0 13.2 14.4 3.3 10.9 13.8 12.3 10.7 9.0 4.6 4.4 3.4

Wyoming ............................. 238 100.0 12.0 13.9 2.6 11.1 12.0 15.9 12.1 3.0 6.6 3.9 6.8

Men

Alabama ............................. 1,116 100.0 12.4 11.2 2.4 11.2 3.9 8.7 19.9 9.3 8.8 7.4 4.7

Alaska ................................. 157 100.0 15.8 14.3 5.1 7.8 5.1 11.6 18.8 2.4 6.8 7.2 5.1

Arizona ............................... 1,150 100.0 14.0 12.2 3.2 11.6 6.1 12.8 18.7 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.0

Arkansas ............................. 603 100.0 12.2 9.3 2.0 9.1 4.3 9.2 21.5 9.7 10.4 6.4 5.7

California ............................ 8,355 100.0 15.2 14.8 3.0 12.1 6.3 10.8 16.0 6.1 5.5 5.2 5.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1997

annual averages — Continued

Population group and State

Total employed Managerial and

professional specialty

Technical, sales, and

administrative support

Service

occupations

Precision

production,

craft, and

repair

Operators, fabricators, and

laborers

Farming,

forestry,

and fishing

Number

(in thousands)

Percent

Executive,

administrative,

and managerial

Professional

specialty

Technicians

and

related

support

Sales

Administrative

support,

including

clerical

Machine

operators,

assemblers, and

inspectors

Transportation and

material

moving

Handlers,

equipment

cleaners,

helpers,

and

laborers

Men–Continued

Colorado ............................. 1,129 100.0 15.3 15.7 4.0 12.6 5.5 10.7 18.0 4.5 5.8 4.6 3.4

Connecticut ......................... 835 100.0 17.2 14.8 3.3 12.3 5.2 11.4 16.5 6.7 4.9 5.2 2.4

Delaware ............................ 186 100.0 17.6 13.6 3.2 9.1 6.8 11.4 17.2 5.8 8.1 5.3 1.7

District of Columbia ............ 117 100.0 22.4 23.8 4.4 6.7 7.7 16.9 6.5 1.5 5.9 3.6 .5

Florida ................................. 3,632 100.0 14.9 11.5 2.6 14.2 5.6 12.9 18.5 4.0 6.6 5.6 3.6

Georgia ............................... 1,990 100.0 16.0 11.0 3.1 10.6 5.5 7.7 20.2 7.2 8.5 7.0 3.2

Hawaii ................................. 279 100.0 13.7 11.4 2.6 9.7 6.8 19.5 17.2 2.1 6.3 5.2 5.6

Idaho ................................... 330 100.0 11.7 11.1 2.8 10.5 4.0 9.3 21.6 5.8 7.5 6.6 9.2

Illinois .................................. 3,149 100.0 14.9 13.2 2.4 11.8 6.1 10.5 17.3 8.2 7.4 5.8 2.3

Indiana ................................ 1,614 100.0 14.0 11.1 1.9 9.8 4.7 8.8 20.9 12.4 7.4 6.0 2.8

Iowa .................................... 795 100.0 11.2 10.0 3.1 10.5 4.4 8.6 17.4 9.1 8.8 7.2 9.6

Kansas ................................ 701 100.0 16.2 14.0 2.5 10.6 4.8 9.8 17.2 6.7 6.0 5.2 7.2

Kentucky ............................. 964 100.0 14.3 10.9 3.2 10.0 5.1 7.1 19.1 9.2 9.9 7.4 3.7

Louisiana ............................ 1,009 100.0 11.9 10.9 3.8 9.8 5.6 9.3 21.9 7.3 9.9 6.5 3.1

Maine .................................. 329 100.0 14.5 10.8 1.7 10.0 4.7 9.0 21.9 7.4 7.4 6.3 6.4

Maryland ............................. 1,370 100.0 18.7 18.8 3.7 11.3 5.1 10.7 16.4 2.8 5.1 4.7 2.6

Massachusetts .................... 1,637 100.0 16.8 16.6 2.9 10.2 6.8 11.4 17.5 6.3 5.0 4.7 1.9

Michigan ............................. 2,555 100.0 12.6 14.1 3.2 10.5 4.2 8.5 19.4 11.9 6.9 5.9 2.8

Minnesota ........................... 1,368 100.0 16.2 12.1 2.9 11.4 5.0 8.7 19.1 6.2 6.6 5.4 6.5

Mississippi .......................... 633 100.0 12.7 10.3 3.2 10.4 4.1 7.3 21.5 10.0 10.6 6.2 3.8

Missouri .............................. 1,427 100.0 11.7 11.0 3.3 11.1 6.0 8.8 21.0 8.0 7.3 5.8 6.1

Montana .............................. 228 100.0 14.6 12.2 1.6 11.1 4.1 9.5 17.5 3.8 7.9 5.4 12.3

Nebraska ............................ 472 100.0 12.8 9.6 2.2 11.7 5.7 8.1 16.6 6.1 6.8 5.7 14.6

Nevada ............................... 471 100.0 14.9 10.3 2.7 10.1 4.7 20.7 18.8 3.1 6.3 6.0 2.5

New Hampshire .................. 338 100.0 14.9 14.2 3.7 12.0 6.6 8.2 21.2 7.8 5.2 4.2 1.7

New Jersey ......................... 2,129 100.0 17.2 13.5 3.6 13.4 6.6 11.4 15.0 6.1 6.7 5.1 1.4

New Mexico ........................ 420 100.0 13.0 13.8 4.7 11.3 4.3 12.3 20.1 3.1 7.4 5.1 4.9

New York ............................ 4,416 100.0 16.0 13.8 2.4 11.4 7.2 14.5 15.9 5.3 6.1 5.0 2.3

North Carolina .................... 1,976 100.0 12.8 9.5 3.2 10.7 5.3 7.6 22.6 9.7 8.1 6.3 4.2

North Dakota ...................... 179 100.0 10.6 9.3 2.2 13.9 3.0 8.5 15.4 5.2 8.8 4.4 18.8

Ohio .................................... 2,904 100.0 14.0 12.0 3.2 10.3 5.4 9.8 18.8 10.5 7.1 5.9 2.9

Oklahoma ........................... 830 100.0 12.8 11.3 2.6 10.2 6.6 9.7 20.0 6.3 6.8 7.2 6.5

Oregon ................................ 902 100.0 12.4 12.3 1.8 10.6 4.6 10.0 19.2 9.1 7.6 6.7 5.8

Pennsylvania ...................... 3,006 100.0 16.0 13.8 2.4 10.6 5.3 9.7 18.2 8.1 7.7 6.4 2.0

Rhode Island ...................... 247 100.0 14.1 15.0 3.4 11.4 4.6 12.1 18.2 8.7 5.0 5.3 2.2

South Carolina .................... 967 100.0 11.8 10.0 2.7 9.5 4.6 8.7 25.3 9.8 7.1 7.0 3.6

South Dakota ...................... 199 100.0 11.9 9.7 2.4 11.5 4.0 9.5 17.6 6.2 6.4 5.7 15.0

Tennessee .......................... 1,339 100.0 15.5 10.0 3.1 9.7 4.5 9.0 19.0 10.1 8.5 6.0 4.6

Texas .................................. 5,164 100.0 14.1 12.2 3.0 11.6 6.0 9.0 20.0 5.9 7.7 5.6 5.0

Utah .................................... 557 100.0 14.2 12.6 3.9 12.1 6.3 8.7 21.2 5.0 6.1 5.8 4.2

Vermont .............................. 160 100.0 15.0 13.8 3.0 10.8 5.0 8.8 19.8 6.6 6.8 4.9 5.5

Virginia ................................ 1,729 100.0 18.1 15.2 2.8 10.6 5.1 9.6 17.9 5.2 6.5 5.7 3.2

Washington ......................... 1,574 100.0 16.0 14.5 3.0 11.3 5.1 8.5 17.7 5.5 6.7 6.7 5.0

West Virginia ...................... 403 100.0 11.7 11.8 3.4 10.7 4.9 8.9 22.3 5.9 10.4 7.3 2.7

Wisconsin ........................... 1,492 100.0 14.0 11.9 2.6 9.9 4.2 8.5 18.6 11.6 7.8 5.9 5.0

Wyoming ............................. 130 100.0 12.6 11.2 2.0 9.5 3.3 10.5 20.5 4.6 11.3 5.7 8.9

Women

Alabama ............................. 948 100.0 10.6 15.7 3.8 15.1 23.6 14.7 2.8 9.8 .7 2.1 .9

Alaska ................................. 134 100.0 16.9 18.9 3.1 13.1 26.0 16.1 1.4 1.5 .5 1.7 .8

Arizona ............................... 914 100.0 13.8 15.3 3.7 13.9 27.0 17.0 2.2 3.8 .9 1.2 1.0

Arkansas ............................. 544 100.0 11.0 13.4 4.1 12.1 21.0 19.6 2.7 10.9 .8 3.0 1.4

California ............................ 6,611 100.0 16.2 17.1 3.3 13.4 23.5 15.6 2.2 5.1 .7 1.4 1.4

Colorado ............................. 959 100.0 18.4 15.3 3.9 13.8 24.6 15.2 2.0 2.5 .8 2.2 1.3

Connecticut ......................... 800 100.0 15.7 17.7 4.1 13.1 24.3 15.8 2.1 4.6 .7 1.3 .6

Delaware ............................ 178 100.0 15.2 15.6 4.6 12.7 27.3 17.2 1.5 3.0 .6 1.0 1.1

District of Columbia ............ 120 100.0 21.8 25.3 3.7 7.5 22.3 16.9 .8 1.0 .3 .2 .1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1997

annual averages — Continued

Population group and State

Total employed Managerial and

professional specialty

Technical, sales, and

administrative support

Service

occupations

Precision

production,

craft, and

repair

Operators, fabricators, and

laborers

Farming,

forestry,

and fishing

Number

(in thousands)

Percent

Executive,

administrative,

and managerial

Professional

specialty

Technicians

and

related

support

Sales

Administrative

support,

including

clerical

Machine

operators,

assemblers, and

inspectors

Transportation and

material

moving

Handlers,

equipment

cleaners,

helpers,

and

laborers

Women–Continued

Florida ................................. 3,136 100.0 14.6 15.4 3.8 14.7 25.5 18.3 1.9 2.9 .9 1.3 .7

Georgia ............................... 1,740 100.0 14.6 17.0 3.5 12.9 23.4 16.5 1.9 6.9 1.1 1.7 .5

Hawaii ................................. 275 100.0 13.4 15.0 2.2 16.9 25.2 21.2 1.4 2.4 .3 .7 1.2

Idaho ................................... 269 100.0 11.5 16.1 3.1 11.3 22.9 19.5 2.8 5.2 1.4 2.6 3.8

Illinois .................................. 2,692 100.0 14.5 16.6 2.9 13.5 26.3 16.3 2.1 4.7 1.0 1.6 .6

Indiana ................................ 1,371 100.0 11.5 15.0 4.4 13.1 24.3 15.5 3.0 7.5 1.0 3.6 1.0

Iowa .................................... 731 100.0 11.5 16.2 4.5 13.4 23.3 19.1 1.7 4.3 1.1 2.2 2.6

Kansas ................................ 613 100.0 14.5 16.8 3.3 11.5 24.9 18.1 2.4 4.3 .9 1.4 2.0

Kentucky ............................. 860 100.0 13.8 16.6 3.4 13.0 22.4 19.2 1.9 5.7 1.2 1.9 .9

Louisiana ............................ 891 100.0 12.6 14.8 3.6 13.6 24.0 22.5 1.6 3.5 1.5 1.5 .7

Maine .................................. 294 100.0 12.6 16.5 2.9 12.8 24.1 18.3 3.0 6.2 .8 1.7 1.1

Maryland ............................. 1,277 100.0 14.5 21.6 4.1 12.8 25.2 15.8 1.2 2.8 .4 .9 .7

Massachusetts .................... 1,493 100.0 15.3 21.3 3.7 11.3 24.1 15.6 1.8 4.4 .8 1.4 .4

Michigan ............................. 2,221 100.0 12.3 15.6 3.8 13.0 24.6 17.9 2.3 7.1 .5 2.2 .6

Minnesota ........................... 1,171 100.0 14.7 16.7 3.5 12.8 22.8 19.1 2.3 3.3 .8 1.6 2.4

Mississippi .......................... 560 100.0 8.5 18.5 2.9 12.4 23.1 19.0 3.1 8.8 .9 1.9 .8

Missouri .............................. 1,339 100.0 12.1 19.1 3.9 13.7 24.3 16.1 2.4 4.1 .6 2.2 1.5

Montana .............................. 202 100.0 11.9 16.3 2.9 13.7 23.1 22.0 2.1 1.9 .6 1.9 3.6

Nebraska ............................ 410 100.0 11.9 16.0 4.2 11.2 23.3 20.0 2.8 4.5 .5 1.9 3.6

Nevada ............................... 376 100.0 14.2 13.3 2.5 17.6 24.6 21.2 1.6 2.2 1.0 1.2 .5

New Hampshire .................. 287 100.0 13.5 18.3 2.2 12.9 22.9 16.5 3.7 6.5 1.1 1.4 .8

New Jersey ......................... 1,849 100.0 13.9 17.8 3.9 14.4 26.1 15.0 1.5 4.4 .9 1.4 .7

New Mexico ........................ 349 100.0 13.7 18.5 3.6 14.0 23.7 19.9 1.7 1.9 .9 .8 1.4

New York ............................ 3,827 100.0 13.5 19.0 3.9 11.7 25.1 18.3 1.8 4.4 .7 1.1 .6

North Carolina .................... 1,729 100.0 11.7 17.1 3.5 12.1 22.1 15.7 3.0 11.0 .8 1.8 1.0

North Dakota ...................... 160 100.0 11.7 15.8 3.8 12.1 24.3 21.6 1.1 1.8 .8 1.1 5.8

Ohio .................................... 2,544 100.0 12.4 16.3 4.3 13.0 23.2 19.9 2.2 4.9 .9 2.0 .8

Oklahoma ........................... 704 100.0 13.8 16.6 3.6 12.0 25.3 18.0 1.9 4.4 1.2 1.5 1.8

Oregon ................................ 729 100.0 14.0 15.8 3.4 14.2 22.4 19.0 2.0 4.2 .7 2.1 2.2

Pennsylvania ...................... 2,667 100.0 12.5 17.7 3.9 12.4 24.6 18.8 1.8 4.7 .9 1.9 .9

Rhode Island ...................... 231 100.0 13.1 18.8 4.1 12.2 24.1 17.1 2.2 6.2 .3 1.4 .5

South Carolina .................... 860 100.0 11.3 17.6 3.8 13.8 21.1 16.0 2.8 9.1 1.3 2.5 .7

South Dakota ...................... 181 100.0 10.9 15.8 3.1 13.0 20.5 22.7 2.7 5.4 .8 1.9 3.2

Tennessee .......................... 1,223 100.0 12.5 15.3 3.6 14.3 22.5 15.7 3.5 7.5 1.2 2.9 1.1

Texas .................................. 4,186 100.0 12.4 17.8 3.5 13.7 24.1 19.2 1.9 3.8 .9 1.4 1.3

Utah .................................... 451 100.0 12.3 17.5 2.7 13.3 29.2 15.0 2.3 4.5 .6 1.6 .9

Vermont .............................. 153 100.0 11.8 19.5 2.5 14.1 22.1 18.8 2.3 5.3 .5 1.3 1.8

Virginia ................................ 1,542 100.0 14.3 18.3 3.0 13.2 24.2 16.2 2.1 4.4 1.5 1.6 1.2

Washington ......................... 1,272 100.0 17.0 17.7 4.2 13.4 22.6 16.0 1.1 2.8 .8 2.2 2.1

West Virginia ...................... 346 100.0 11.1 16.5 4.9 14.2 24.4 21.1 1.9 3.1 .5 1.3 1.1

Wisconsin ........................... 1,329 100.0 12.2 17.2 4.2 11.9 24.6 16.6 1.8 6.1 1.0 2.7 1.7

Wyoming ............................. 107 100.0 11.4 17.3 3.3 13.1 22.5 22.6 1.9 1.1 .9 1.7 4.2

White

Alabama ............................. 1,564 100.0 13.8 14.5 3.1 14.2 14.2 9.0 12.9 7.1 4.4 3.5 3.4

Alaska ................................. 246 100.0 16.4 17.7 4.4 10.7 14.3 11.7 11.3 2.1 3.8 4.6 3.1

Arizona ............................... 1,892 100.0 14.4 13.7 3.6 12.9 15.2 14.0 11.4 4.3 3.6 3.5 3.4

Arkansas ............................. 977 100.0 12.8 11.9 3.0 11.2 12.8 11.8 13.5 9.4 5.4 4.4 3.9

California ............................ 12,188 100.0 15.8 15.7 2.9 12.7 13.3 12.8 10.0 5.7 3.6 3.6 3.9

Colorado ............................. 1,952 100.0 17.1 15.8 4.1 13.4 14.1 12.3 10.7 3.5 3.4 3.2 2.5

Connecticut ......................... 1,426 100.0 17.4 17.1 3.5 13.1 13.3 12.4 9.9 5.7 2.8 3.1 1.5

Delaware ............................ 278 100.0 17.7 15.2 3.7 11.8 15.8 12.8 10.7 3.6 3.8 3.0 1.9

District of Columbia ............ 99 100.0 29.7 36.4 5.1 7.1 9.2 9.6 1.1 .4 .5 .6 .3

Florida ................................. 5,723 100.0 16.2 13.9 3.3 15.0 14.7 13.5 11.1 3.2 3.7 3.3 2.1

Georgia ............................... 2,615 100.0 17.8 15.7 3.5 13.2 14.3 9.2 12.1 5.1 3.8 2.9 2.4

Hawaii ................................. 158 100.0 17.9 17.9 2.8 13.4 12.7 18.0 7.9 1.4 1.9 2.7 3.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1997

annual averages — Continued

Population group and State

Total employed Managerial and

professional specialty

Technical, sales, and

administrative support

Service

occupations

Precision

production,

craft, and

repair

Operators, fabricators, and

laborers

Farming,

forestry,

and fishing

Number

(in thousands)

Percent

Executive,

administrative,

and managerial

Professional

specialty

Technicians

and

related

support

Sales

Administrative

support,

including

clerical

Machine

operators,

assemblers, and

inspectors

Transportation and

material

moving

Handlers,

equipment

cleaners,

helpers,

and

laborers

White–Continued

Idaho ................................... 587 100.0 11.7 13.4 3.0 10.9 12.5 13.7 13.3 5.4 4.7 4.7 6.8

Illinois .................................. 4,943 100.0 15.5 14.7 2.6 12.9 15.0 12.1 10.9 6.7 4.2 3.8 1.7

Indiana ................................ 2,768 100.0 12.7 12.9 3.1 11.4 14.1 11.5 13.0 9.9 4.5 4.9 2.1

Iowa .................................... 1,465 100.0 11.6 12.8 3.8 11.8 13.7 13.4 10.0 6.5 5.1 4.8 6.5

Kansas ................................ 1,196 100.0 15.6 15.4 2.8 11.5 14.1 12.7 10.6 5.3 3.5 3.4 5.2

Kentucky ............................. 1,674 100.0 14.5 14.1 3.4 11.4 12.9 11.8 11.4 7.0 6.0 4.9 2.6

Louisiana ............................ 1,371 100.0 13.6 14.7 4.3 12.5 14.6 11.0 13.7 4.2 5.5 3.6 2.4

Maine .................................. 615 100.0 13.6 13.5 2.3 11.2 13.9 13.4 12.9 6.8 4.3 4.1 3.9

Maryland ............................. 1,931 100.0 18.3 21.6 3.7 12.9 13.3 11.4 9.7 2.4 2.0 2.8 2.0

Massachusetts .................... 2,908 100.0 16.4 18.8 3.1 11.2 15.2 12.7 10.3 4.9 3.0 3.1 1.3

Michigan ............................. 4,152 100.0 13.1 14.8 3.5 12.2 13.4 11.9 12.1 8.9 3.9 4.2 2.0

Minnesota ........................... 2,420 100.0 15.6 14.1 3.2 12.0 13.1 13.4 11.8 4.4 3.9 3.8 4.8

Mississippi .......................... 797 100.0 13.2 16.8 3.2 12.9 14.9 9.2 13.6 5.6 5.1 2.9 2.4

Missouri .............................. 2,502 100.0 12.1 14.8 3.6 12.7 14.2 11.3 12.8 6.1 4.2 3.9 4.2

Montana .............................. 406 100.0 13.5 14.4 2.2 12.7 12.7 15.1 10.1 2.8 4.5 3.8 8.3

Nebraska ............................ 834 100.0 12.4 12.6 3.2 11.7 13.7 13.5 10.4 4.7 4.0 3.9 10.0

Nevada ............................... 749 100.0 15.5 12.0 2.7 13.7 13.4 19.0 11.7 2.7 3.9 3.6 1.7

New Hampshire .................. 606 100.0 14.3 16.1 3.1 12.6 14.1 12.1 13.3 6.8 3.4 3.0 1.3

New Jersey ......................... 3,262 100.0 16.5 15.3 3.5 14.6 15.8 11.8 9.6 4.9 3.8 3.1 1.2

New Mexico ........................ 692 100.0 13.9 16.1 4.2 12.7 13.1 15.3 11.3 2.3 4.6 2.9 3.6

New York ............................ 6,550 100.0 15.9 16.8 3.1 12.2 15.0 14.2 9.8 4.8 3.5 3.0 1.7

North Carolina .................... 2,862 100.0 13.9 14.1 3.4 12.3 13.0 9.1 14.9 8.4 4.1 3.8 3.0

North Dakota ...................... 327 100.0 11.0 12.5 3.0 13.4 13.1 14.4 8.7 3.2 5.0 2.7 13.0

Ohio .................................... 4,855 100.0 13.9 14.1 3.8 11.8 13.6 13.5 11.5 7.6 4.1 4.1 2.1

Oklahoma ........................... 1,301 100.0 13.9 14.2 2.9 11.6 15.1 12.6 11.7 5.2 4.3 3.9 4.7

Oregon ................................ 1,525 100.0 13.1 14.0 2.7 12.1 12.7 13.7 11.8 6.5 4.6 4.6 4.2

Pennsylvania ...................... 5,154 100.0 14.7 15.6 3.1 11.5 13.9 13.3 11.1 6.6 4.5 4.2 1.5

Rhode Island ...................... 447 100.0 14.2 17.0 3.8 12.2 14.3 13.9 10.5 6.6 2.8 3.2 1.4

South Carolina .................... 1,346 100.0 13.6 15.3 3.6 12.6 13.0 9.4 16.0 7.3 3.6 3.6 2.0

South Dakota ...................... 361 100.0 11.7 12.9 2.8 12.4 11.8 14.9 10.6 5.7 3.6 3.8 9.7

Tennessee .......................... 2,058 100.0 14.9 13.5 3.3 12.7 12.1 10.2 12.5 8.7 4.9 3.7 3.5

Texas .................................. 7,977 100.0 14.1 14.6 3.3 12.4 13.9 12.4 12.5 4.8 4.5 3.7 3.7

Utah .................................... 963 100.0 13.5 15.2 3.3 12.8 16.7 11.3 12.6 4.4 3.6 3.9 2.8

Vermont .............................. 308 100.0 13.5 16.4 2.7 12.2 13.4 13.8 11.3 6.0 3.7 3.1 3.8

Virginia ................................ 2,544 100.0 18.0 17.9 3.0 13.0 13.2 10.9 10.8 4.1 3.8 2.9 2.4

Washington ......................... 2,599 100.0 16.7 16.1 3.4 12.1 13.0 11.3 10.6 4.1 4.3 4.5 3.8

West Virginia ...................... 729 100.0 11.6 13.8 4.1 12.3 14.0 14.5 13.0 4.3 6.0 4.5 2.0

Wisconsin ........................... 2,674 100.0 13.3 14.7 3.5 11.0 13.9 11.3 10.7 8.9 4.7 4.4 3.6

Wyoming ............................. 232 100.0 12.1 14.0 2.6 11.1 12.0 15.7 12.1 3.1 6.6 3.8 6.8

Black

Alabama ............................. 478 100.0 4.5 8.8 3.0 9.3 9.3 19.3 9.8 17.7 7.6 8.9 1.9

Alaska ................................. 9 100.0 18.6 8.9 2.1 10.4 14.4 33.1 5.3 .3 1.8 2.7 2.4

Arizona ............................... 76 100.0 13.9 7.9 2.4 11.1 18.6 25.8 5.4 5.0 3.1 6.3 .4

Arkansas ............................. 150 100.0 4.6 6.9 2.9 6.3 8.8 28.6 7.1 15.6 8.9 7.7 2.6

California ............................ 864 100.0 14.6 15.1 2.6 10.8 21.9 16.5 8.4 1.0 4.2 4.4 .7

Colorado ............................. 68 100.0 6.9 11.4 2.8 7.3 22.6 18.1 8.5 4.7 9.3 8.0 .2

Connecticut ......................... 185 100.0 9.2 9.1 4.2 10.5 24.5 21.9 6.9 4.2 3.5 4.3 1.8

Delaware ............................ 76 100.0 12.0 12.2 4.0 7.4 20.2 19.1 6.7 7.4 7.1 3.9 1 ( )

District of Columbia ............ 133 100.0 16.5 15.5 3.2 7.2 19.3 22.5 5.6 1.9 5.0 2.9 .4

Florida ................................. 894 100.0 5.5 8.0 2.5 10.8 16.7 27.0 9.0 5.2 5.8 6.0 3.5

Georgia ............................... 1,058 100.0 9.2 9.3 2.7 7.7 13.3 18.0 11.0 11.8 8.2 8.2 .7

Hawaii ................................. 10 100.0 9.1 10.4 .1 19.6 22.9 12.0 4.2 .6 17.1 4.0 1 ( )

Illinois .................................. 712 100.0 9.7 11.9 2.5 10.1 19.9 20.6 7.4 5.7 6.5 5.3 .3

Indiana ................................ 191 100.0 14.1 11.9 2.9 11.4 10.9 17.7 7.5 13.8 5.2 4.0 .6

Iowa .................................... 35 100.0 6.5 10.5 1.6 16.2 9.1 22.8 3.1 14.2 9.1 6.8 1 ( )

Kansas ................................ 76 100.0 15.1 10.3 2.1 5.7 18.4 24.4 8.5 8.1 3.8 3.1 .7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1997

annual averages — Continued

Population group and State

Total employed Managerial and

professional specialty

Technical, sales, and

administrative support

Service

occupations

Precision

production,

craft, and

repair

Operators, fabricators, and

laborers

Farming,

forestry,

and fishing

Number

(in thousands)

Percent

Executive,

administrative,

and managerial

Professional

specialty

Technicians

and

related

support

Sales

Administrative

support,

including

clerical

Machine

operators,

assemblers, and

inspectors

Transportation and

material

moving

Handlers,

equipment

cleaners,

helpers,

and

laborers

Black–Continued

Kentucky ............................. 134 100.0 8.4 5.2 2.8 12.8 17.4 25.4 5.4 14.3 4.0 4.0 .2

Louisiana ............................ 497 100.0 7.7 6.4 2.4 9.2 13.5 27.8 9.2 9.2 7.6 5.9 1.1

Maryland ............................. 618 100.0 12.5 13.3 4.0 8.6 20.9 19.0 7.5 3.9 5.8 3.6 1.0

Massachusetts .................... 135 100.0 11.9 15.1 5.2 4.4 15.4 26.6 6.0 9.5 2.3 3.5 .1

Michigan ............................. 506 100.0 7.7 10.5 3.5 7.9 16.4 21.7 7.6 15.2 4.9 4.1 .3

Minnesota ........................... 61 100.0 15.4 18.2 1 ( ) 14.2 18.1 20.5 3.5 4.5 3.7 2.0 1 ( )

Mississippi .......................... 381 100.0 5.8 8.7 2.7 7.6 9.3 20.0 11.5 17.3 8.0 7.0 2.1

Missouri .............................. 230 100.0 9.1 15.7 2.9 9.4 22.2 23.1 4.1 5.1 2.6 5.1 .8

Nebraska ............................ 24 100.0 14.6 8.4 2.0 8.2 21.4 20.3 4.9 12.5 2.2 5.2 .4

Nevada ............................... 48 100.0 6.5 6.3 .5 10.8 19.3 37.6 4.5 3.3 4.4 6.6 .3

New Hampshire .................. 7 100.0 14.4 27.5 1 ( ) 3.1 17.8 18.6 5.2 9.2 1 ( ) 4.2 1 ( )

New Jersey ......................... 523 100.0 9.6 13.2 3.9 9.4 17.0 23.3 5.0 7.5 6.5 4.4 .2

New Mexico ........................ 12 100.0 16.2 14.8 8.0 19.2 9.0 15.6 11.5 1 ( ) .2 5.6 1 ( )

New York ............................ 1,199 100.0 8.4 12.0 2.6 8.0 20.2 28.0 8.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 .4

North Carolina .................... 717 100.0 6.9 8.7 3.4 8.3 15.1 19.6 7.4 16.2 7.4 5.6 1.4

Ohio .................................... 506 100.0 8.1 9.9 3.1 10.0 15.6 24.1 8.1 10.6 4.8 4.8 .8

Oklahoma ........................... 108 100.0 9.2 11.8 4.4 9.3 18.9 21.3 7.4 6.4 2.4 8.3 .5

Oregon ................................ 27 100.0 20.1 9.0 1.1 18.8 3.6 25.1 4.8 6.2 8.9 2.0 .3

Pennsylvania ...................... 416 100.0 11.0 11.8 3.1 9.2 21.5 24.0 4.5 4.4 4.7 5.1 .8

Rhode Island ...................... 24 100.0 5.9 11.1 2.7 6.9 12.8 21.9 10.4 19.8 1.3 7.2 1 ( )

South Carolina .................... 465 100.0 5.4 8.4 2.0 8.1 10.8 20.0 11.3 15.9 6.6 8.7 2.8

South Dakota ...................... 4 100.0 3.5 2.2 1 ( ) 7.6 4.6 19.6 14.6 24.2 13.7 9.9 1 ( )

Tennessee .......................... 479 100.0 11.0 8.6 3.9 8.4 17.5 20.5 7.8 8.8 5.1 7.7 .6

Texas .................................. 1,037 100.0 8.4 12.5 3.1 10.6 17.8 22.5 7.9 5.0 6.6 4.2 1.2

Utah .................................... 6 100.0 45.0 1.5 4.8 3.5 6.9 20.3 3.2 1.9 13.0 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Virginia ................................ 624 100.0 9.1 10.0 2.1 7.4 17.7 20.0 9.9 7.9 6.1 7.7 2.1

Washington ......................... 51 100.0 11.0 13.5 8.2 7.5 8.5 19.8 8.6 6.3 5.7 7.8 3.1

West Virginia ...................... 15 100.0 4.0 11.1 6.1 13.0 13.1 21.7 9.0 17.1 1 ( ) 3.5 1.4

Wisconsin ........................... 96 100.0 11.0 5.9 1 ( ) 8.0 9.9 33.2 12.2 10.9 2.7 5.0 1.2

Wyoming ............................. 2 100.0 9.4 3.4 .7 22.2 8.5 24.6 14.4 1 ( ) 5.7 6.9 4.2

Hispanic origin

Alabama ............................. 17 100.0 12.5 4.0 2.0 21.3 13.7 15.3 8.5 7.6 .1 13.2 1.8

Alaska ................................. 6 100.0 4.0 15.6 3.1 5.1 13.3 21.1 15.6 6.1 4.3 9.5 2.2

Arizona ............................... 524 100.0 6.4 6.1 2.9 10.5 13.3 19.1 15.5 7.8 4.2 5.9 8.3

Arkansas ............................. 21 100.0 5.6 4.0 1 ( ) 6.7 6.0 18.8 16.3 25.9 .3 15.9 .3

California ............................ 3,990 100.0 7.4 5.6 1.8 9.3 11.8 19.0 12.5 13.4 4.7 6.0 8.5

Colorado ............................. 264 100.0 9.8 7.4 2.4 9.6 14.3 20.0 14.4 7.6 3.2 7.3 4.0

Connecticut ......................... 101 100.0 4.5 6.5 2.5 9.4 13.6 22.6 11.7 17.1 4.7 6.3 1.0

Delaware ............................ 10 100.0 10.3 2.2 7.5 13.3 8.4 29.3 3.4 7.1 4.2 11.3 3.1

District of Columbia ............ 16 100.0 13.3 15.6 1.9 1.8 12.5 44.2 4.8 2.7 .8 2.5 1 ( )

Florida ................................. 1,146 100.0 12.2 8.8 2.4 14.0 14.8 17.5 11.1 6.0 5.3 5.0 3.0

Georgia ............................... 77 100.0 10.1 11.6 2.3 7.9 9.5 16.2 18.6 7.4 1.6 12.0 2.8

Hawaii ................................. 14 100.0 11.8 9.1 1 ( ) 12.9 12.6 28.4 5.8 3.6 5.0 6.5 4.3

Idaho ................................... 39 100.0 4.8 2.8 .9 4.2 9.6 14.4 16.6 13.0 5.7 13.1 14.9

Illinois .................................. 495 100.0 7.0 5.9 1.8 7.3 11.6 17.3 15.2 19.3 4.0 8.6 1.9

Indiana ................................ 55 100.0 13.4 9.1 4.0 6.7 9.1 11.0 12.2 24.0 .5 10.1 1 ( )

Iowa .................................... 21 100.0 4.0 10.2 1 ( ) 6.0 8.3 29.0 14.6 14.4 1.4 10.8 1.3

Kansas ................................ 54 100.0 10.6 5.6 1.4 12.2 8.9 20.3 18.4 12.4 2.1 5.6 2.5

Kentucky ............................. 19 100.0 12.8 16.9 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 5.2 25.0 16.3 1.1 1 ( ) 3.0 19.7

Louisiana ............................ 44 100.0 7.8 13.5 1.0 9.1 8.0 22.7 11.5 3.4 9.9 .7 12.2

Maryland ............................. 119 100.0 12.1 16.0 5.9 8.8 3.4 28.3 13.3 4.3 1 ( ) 4.5 3.5

Massachusetts .................... 117 100.0 4.0 7.5 1.3 4.7 12.4 32.0 11.8 16.4 2.7 7.1 .3

Michigan ............................. 123 100.0 9.0 8.0 2.2 9.0 10.8 19.9 9.2 19.8 3.4 7.4 1.3

Minnesota ........................... 55 100.0 6.5 7.0 1.0 3.0 5.5 37.9 12.7 16.3 2.1 8.0 1 ( )

Mississippi .......................... 21 100.0 11.9 7.9 1 ( ) 15.1 14.3 9.7 19.1 9.4 1 ( ) 11.9 .7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1997

annual averages — Continued

Population group and State

Total employed Managerial and

professional specialty

Technical, sales, and

administrative support

Service

occupations

Precision

production,

craft, and

repair

Operators, fabricators, and

laborers

Farming,

forestry,

and fishing

Number

(in thousands)

Percent

Executive,

administrative,

and managerial

Professional

specialty

Technicians

and

related

support

Sales

Administrative

support,

including

clerical

Machine

operators,

assemblers, and

inspectors

Transportation and

material

moving

Handlers,

equipment

cleaners,

helpers,

and

laborers

Hispanic

origin–Continued

Missouri .............................. 44 100.0 10.2 6.9 6.3 2.7 19.2 21.2 10.2 14.3 1 ( ) 2.5 6.6

Montana .............................. 8 100.0 13.1 9.7 1 ( ) 7.8 8.8 22.8 10.7 4.7 2.9 4.9 14.5

Nebraska ............................ 28 100.0 7.0 6.4 1.4 7.7 2.5 23.2 15.6 20.0 3.6 10.8 1.9

Nevada ............................... 107 100.0 4.7 2.1 .7 6.3 9.5 43.2 11.4 5.8 4.1 7.6 4.5

New Hampshire .................. 7 100.0 21.9 7.8 1 ( ) 1.0 19.0 22.7 4.4 12.7 7.0 3.4 1 ( )

New Jersey ......................... 420 100.0 7.5 5.2 2.6 12.6 14.5 20.8 8.2 16.6 5.6 5.9 .5

New Mexico ........................ 284 100.0 8.6 7.7 3.1 12.9 13.8 21.7 14.3 4.1 5.4 4.7 3.7

New York ............................ 1,044 100.0 7.6 7.8 1.6 7.6 15.2 25.7 10.3 10.7 5.2 6.4 1.9

North Carolina .................... 101 100.0 3.5 4.3 2.1 2.3 5.0 10.9 25.8 19.5 .9 9.2 16.6

North Dakota ...................... 3 100.0 4.0 6.9 1 ( ) 8.6 4.9 37.0 1.7 11.4 4.1 5.1 16.4

Ohio .................................... 74 100.0 13.6 11.3 5.2 12.6 9.4 11.6 13.4 13.2 3.8 3.1 2.7

Oklahoma ........................... 38 100.0 14.2 5.6 .9 7.2 8.1 24.0 11.9 6.2 1.6 11.4 8.9

Oregon ................................ 121 100.0 3.7 1.7 .7 5.8 6.5 21.5 12.5 16.2 2.2 10.4 18.9

Pennsylvania ...................... 111 100.0 6.9 6.8 1.3 11.1 14.5 16.2 11.5 15.1 4.1 9.9 2.7

Rhode Island ...................... 24 100.0 7.3 2.3 2.4 1.4 5.6 18.5 12.1 38.1 2.0 8.8 1.6

South Carolina .................... 31 100.0 6.4 11.1 1 ( ) 4.0 13.4 24.9 22.4 12.3 1 ( ) 2.4 3.1

South Dakota ...................... 3 100.0 .3 11.4 1 ( ) 12.8 17.8 13.8 8.7 6.8 7.5 8.5 12.4

Tennessee .......................... 29 100.0 6.1 11.9 1 ( ) 6.8 7.8 36.8 7.1 1.7 5.9 7.7 8.1

Texas .................................. 2,518 100.0 7.1 7.1 1.8 9.1 12.6 19.3 17.5 8.3 5.6 6.6 5.0

Utah .................................... 60 100.0 4.3 3.5 3.1 3.7 11.4 15.8 24.1 18.0 1.7 10.1 4.3

Vermont .............................. 2 100.0 9.9 32.5 1 ( ) 23.5 2.1 9.8 1 ( ) 10.4 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 11.8

Virginia ................................ 104 100.0 10.8 7.1 2.8 7.8 7.8 33.0 12.8 2.8 4.8 7.6 2.7

Washington ......................... 125 100.0 4.4 11.1 1.0 10.0 6.0 15.3 7.4 7.0 4.7 8.9 24.1

Wisconsin ........................... 67 100.0 9.0 9.0 5.8 5.4 12.7 11.8 8.5 26.8 2.7 8.3 1 ( )

Wyoming ............................. 11 100.0 3.6 4.5 .1 9.4 16.4 28.5 14.1 3.0 4.6 9.5 6.4

1 Less than 500 persons employed or less than 0.05 percent of total

employed.

 NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet

BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the

sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals or compute to

displayed percentages because of rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin

groups will not add to totals because data for the "other races" group are not

presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population

groups.
Table 16. States: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by industry, 1997 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status and

State Total2

Nonagricultural industries

Agriculture Total3

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

Government Total4 Construction

Manufacturing Transportation,

communications,

 and public utilities

Trade

Finance,

insurance,

and real

estate

Services5

Total Durable

goods

Nondurable

goods

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Alabama ............................... 2,164 2,093 1,648 117 440 238 201 107 444 93 435 301 52

Alaska ................................... 315 312 191 20 12 4 8 24 52 10 65 85 6 ( )

Arizona ................................. 2,159 2,082 1,646 141 249 181 68 113 484 134 513 282 61

Arkansas ............................... 1,205 1,146 885 63 250 130 121 66 240 44 219 168 45

California .............................. 15,862 15,099 11,476 695 2,448 1,500 948 806 2,894 843 3,753 2,094 570

Colorado ............................... 2,155 2,091 1,656 132 250 158 92 122 425 132 581 268 6 ( )

Connecticut ........................... 1,718 1,689 1,405 74 302 205 97 88 305 138 497 180 6 ( )

Delaware .............................. 379 373 308 19 56 18 38 20 72 43 98 47 6 ( )

District of Columbia .............. 256 251 162 6 5 6 ( ) 4 14 30 13 93 75 6 ( )

Florida ................................... 7,079 6,863 5,560 456 602 378 223 435 1,627 507 1,928 870 155

Georgia ................................. 3,892 3,779 2,990 205 716 324 392 309 712 212 832 566 74

Hawaii ................................... 588 566 408 35 21 6 ( ) 16 43 131 30 148 105 20

Idaho ..................................... 632 585 430 41 100 52 48 28 123 23 110 102 42

Illinois .................................... 6,103 5,981 4,881 317 1,056 618 438 421 1,145 416 1,517 741 95

Indiana .................................. 3,088 3,023 2,532 148 767 558 209 157 626 160 667 335 6 ( )

Iowa ...................................... 1,574 1,463 1,155 60 266 163 103 64 325 92 345 197 105

Kansas .................................. 1,364 1,289 970 57 195 108 87 72 251 75 313 220 67

Kentucky ............................... 1,920 1,860 1,481 109 326 186 141 109 387 86 439 262 44

Louisiana .............................. 2,009 1,941 1,499 128 221 94 127 116 399 79 493 302 42

Maine .................................... 658 636 488 30 108 50 58 25 133 34 157 80 16

Maryland ............................... 2,781 2,703 1,948 161 208 113 95 134 513 180 751 577 6 ( )

Massachusetts ...................... 3,250 3,194 2,607 144 516 337 179 169 577 233 966 373 6 ( )

Michigan ............................... 4,971 4,838 4,011 225 1,176 956 220 190 1,007 228 1,182 558 93

Minnesota ............................. 2,619 2,482 1,970 136 400 253 148 129 554 162 574 323 118

Mississippi ............................ 1,258 1,224 939 53 262 145 117 81 215 49 264 202 27

Missouri ................................ 2,874 2,748 2,192 160 406 244 161 184 567 155 713 375 117

Montana ................................ 453 415 271 23 37 27 10 17 86 13 89 86 35

Nebraska .............................. 905 813 630 40 105 53 52 53 181 59 192 129 88

Nevada ................................. 882 864 702 71 40 25 6 ( ) 47 157 57 314 107 6 ( )

New Hampshire .................... 644 632 491 28 134 96 38 6 ( ) 127 34 143 81 6 ( )

New Jersey ........................... 4,180 4,120 3,377 170 648 268 380 294 849 321 1,093 554 40

New Mexico .......................... 817 785 527 50 43 25 18 40 164 35 173 175 25

New York .............................. 8,750 8,522 6,568 373 1,097 565 532 471 1,593 673 2,355 1,451 129

North Carolina ...................... 3,834 3,707 2,947 228 896 427 470 205 728 174 711 513 104

North Dakota ........................ 347 300 226 6 ( ) 24 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 19 71 6 ( ) 82 52 45

Ohio ...................................... 5,690 5,549 4,554 257 1,180 777 403 260 1,222 277 1,333 670 100

Oklahoma ............................. 1,596 1,525 1,137 77 187 115 72 91 296 73 382 257 65

Oregon .................................. 1,728 1,642 1,280 100 282 180 102 76 362 79 380 204 72

Pennsylvania ........................ 5,957 5,829 4,707 257 1,047 601 446 313 1,153 327 1,588 696 88

Rhode Island ........................ 503 495 410 19 101 65 36 20 93 30 147 60 6 ( )

South Carolina ...................... 1,904 1,855 1,465 119 421 201 220 81 371 83 388 288 6 ( )

South Dakota ........................ 392 350 259 16 49 31 17 15 79 19 77 60 40

Tennessee ............................ 2,699 2,609 2,013 135 502 283 220 152 551 121 548 362 75

Texas .................................... 9,824 9,397 7,271 564 1,273 693 580 614 1,921 495 2,245 1,383 333

Utah ...................................... 1,039 1,010 760 66 136 91 45 49 208 60 232 179 6 ( )

Vermont ................................ 325 311 243 15 50 35 16 15 64 13 86 34 11

Virginia .................................. 3,395 3,309 2,578 223 420 208 212 191 634 194 912 561 6 ( )

Washington ........................... 2,984 2,855 2,184 190 434 321 113 147 617 154 638 426 108

West Virginia ........................ 796 774 586 48 85 44 41 46 168 34 178 137 12

Wisconsin ............................. 2,923 2,814 2,261 125 659 405 253 123 535 153 661 369 101

Wyoming ............................... 250 230 158 14 12 6 6 15 50 7 42 51 17

EMPLOYED

Alabama ............................... 2,064 1,998 1,560 109 421 231 190 103 413 92 413 296 51

Alaska ................................... 291 288 174 16 10 3 7 23 48 10 60 80 6 ( )

Arizona ................................. 2,065 1,994 1,569 136 238 175 63 109 452 130 494 274 56

Arkansas ............................... 1,147 1,092 837 58 237 124 113 64 225 44 206 163 43

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. States: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by industry, 1997 annual averages — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status and

State Total2

Nonagricultural industries

Agriculture Total3

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

Government Total4 Construction

Manufacturing Transportation,

communications,

 and public utilities

Trade

Finance,

insurance,

and real

estate

Services5

Total Durable

goods

Nondurable

goods

EMPLOYED–Continued

California .............................. 14,966 14,286 10,781 618 2,321 1,446 875 768 2,680 813 3,545 2,023 510

Colorado ............................... 2,088 2,026 1,598 127 244 154 90 119 404 129 561 263 6 ( )

Connecticut ........................... 1,635 1,609 1,334 68 290 198 92 83 281 132 479 175 6 ( )

Delaware .............................. 364 358 295 18 54 17 37 19 67 42 95 46 6 ( )

District of Columbia .............. 237 233 149 4 5 6 ( ) 4 13 27 12 87 71 6 ( )

Florida ................................... 6,768 6,571 5,302 424 576 366 211 419 1,532 493 1,853 847 144

Georgia ................................. 3,730 3,628 2,853 192 686 313 373 302 664 209 797 558 69

Hawaii ................................... 554 535 380 27 20 6 ( ) 15 42 121 29 141 102 18

Idaho ..................................... 600 556 406 38 94 49 45 27 116 22 105 99 39

Illinois .................................... 5,842 5,728 4,656 288 1,015 596 418 411 1,082 406 1,446 723 92

Indiana .................................. 2,985 2,922 2,445 140 746 542 204 155 596 156 644 326 6 ( )

Iowa ...................................... 1,526 1,418 1,115 56 258 159 99 61 311 91 334 193 102

Kansas .................................. 1,315 1,242 928 54 188 104 84 70 234 73 301 218 66

Kentucky ............................... 1,824 1,770 1,401 94 312 178 135 107 368 82 415 254 42

Louisiana .............................. 1,900 1,843 1,412 115 209 91 118 111 365 77 473 295 37

Maine .................................... 623 606 463 26 105 49 56 23 125 33 150 77 14

Maryland ............................... 2,648 2,575 1,834 153 196 109 87 129 476 174 706 568 6 ( )

Massachusetts ...................... 3,129 3,075 2,498 127 502 330 172 164 548 225 932 365 6 ( )

Michigan ............................... 4,776 4,654 3,844 206 1,133 925 208 185 953 222 1,140 549 87

Minnesota ............................. 2,539 2,407 1,904 125 390 248 142 126 531 160 557 317 116

Mississippi ............................ 1,193 1,162 885 50 241 134 107 78 200 49 255 197 25

Missouri ................................ 2,765 2,642 2,095 151 389 232 157 176 539 150 684 370 115

Montana ................................ 430 392 255 20 35 25 10 17 80 13 85 83 34

Nebraska .............................. 883 792 611 38 102 52 50 52 174 58 185 128 87

Nevada ................................. 847 831 673 66 38 24 6 ( ) 45 150 55 304 103 6 ( )

New Hampshire .................... 625 613 475 26 130 93 37 6 ( ) 120 34 139 80 6 ( )

New Jersey ........................... 3,978 3,921 3,201 156 620 257 363 278 801 308 1,036 540 40

New Mexico .......................... 769 740 489 42 40 23 17 38 149 33 165 171 23

New York .............................. 8,243 8,037 6,152 323 1,033 541 492 449 1,477 640 2,225 1,402 118

North Carolina ...................... 3,705 3,583 2,834 216 864 413 451 199 691 171 688 509 101

North Dakota ........................ 339 293 220 6 ( ) 23 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 18 69 6 ( ) 80 52 44

Ohio ...................................... 5,448 5,316 4,342 229 1,136 746 390 251 1,156 269 1,275 660 95

Oklahoma ............................. 1,534 1,465 1,084 70 180 112 68 88 279 70 366 253 63

Oregon .................................. 1,631 1,552 1,201 92 267 173 94 73 334 76 356 196 67

Pennsylvania ........................ 5,673 5,560 4,466 223 1,003 580 423 306 1,081 319 1,511 675 78

Rhode Island ........................ 478 471 388 17 95 61 34 20 87 29 141 59 6 ( )

South Carolina ...................... 1,826 1,780 1,396 111 408 194 214 79 347 80 370 283 6 ( )

South Dakota ........................ 381 339 250 14 47 31 17 15 76 19 75 59 40

Tennessee ............................ 2,562 2,479 1,892 120 470 264 206 148 509 117 525 355 71

Texas .................................... 9,350 8,954 6,882 517 1,221 671 550 592 1,784 477 2,135 1,353 312

Utah ...................................... 1,008 981 735 62 133 89 44 48 201 60 224 175 6 ( )

Vermont ................................ 313 301 234 13 49 34 15 14 61 13 83 33 10

Virginia .................................. 3,271 3,190 2,474 208 406 199 207 186 602 190 878 548 6 ( )

Washington ........................... 2,846 2,729 2,071 173 420 312 108 141 573 150 611 416 97

West Virginia ........................ 749 729 547 39 81 42 39 45 156 32 169 132 11

Wisconsin ............................. 2,821 2,716 2,174 110 642 398 244 119 510 150 638 362 97

Wyoming ............................... 238 220 149 12 11 5 6 14 47 7 40 50 16

UNEMPLOYED

Alabama ............................... 100 95 89 9 19 7 11 5 32 1 22 5 1

Alaska ................................... 24 23 17 4 2 7 ( ) 1 1 4 1 5 5 6 ( )

Arizona ................................. 94 88 77 5 11 6 5 4 32 4 20 8 5

Arkansas ............................... 58 54 48 5 13 6 8 2 14 7 ( ) 13 5 2

California .............................. 896 813 695 77 127 54 73 38 214 30 208 72 60

Colorado ............................... 67 65 58 5 6 4 2 3 20 3 20 6 6 ( )

Connecticut ........................... 82 80 71 6 12 7 5 5 24 6 18 6 6 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. States: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by industry, 1997 annual averages — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status and

State Total2

Nonagricultural industries

Agriculture Total3

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

Government Total4 Construction

Manufacturing Transportation,

communications,

 and public utilities

Trade

Finance,

insurance,

and real

estate

Services5

Total Durable

goods

Nondurable

goods

UNEMPLOYED–Continued

Delaware .............................. 15 15 13 1 2 1 1 1 5 1 3 1 6 ( )

District of Columbia .............. 19 19 13 2 7 ( ) 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 1 4 1 6 5 6 ( )

Florida ................................... 310 292 258 31 25 13 12 16 95 14 75 22 11

Georgia ................................. 162 151 136 13 31 11 20 6 48 3 36 9 5

Hawaii ................................... 34 31 28 7 1 6 ( ) 1 2 10 1 7 3 3

Idaho ..................................... 32 29 24 3 6 3 3 1 7 1 5 4 3

Illinois .................................... 262 253 225 29 42 22 19 10 63 9 71 19 3

Indiana .................................. 103 101 87 9 21 16 5 2 29 4 22 9 6 ( )

Iowa ...................................... 48 45 40 4 8 4 4 3 14 1 10 3 2

Kansas .................................. 49 47 42 3 6 4 3 2 17 2 12 3 2

Kentucky ............................... 95 90 79 15 14 8 6 3 19 4 24 8 2

Louisiana .............................. 108 97 87 12 12 3 9 5 34 1 20 7 6

Maine .................................... 34 31 25 4 3 1 2 2 8 1 7 3 2

Maryland ............................... 133 128 114 9 12 4 8 6 37 6 45 9 6 ( )

Massachusetts ...................... 121 119 109 17 14 7 7 5 30 8 34 8 6 ( )

Michigan ............................... 195 184 167 19 42 30 12 6 53 6 42 10 6

Minnesota ............................. 80 75 66 11 10 5 6 3 23 2 17 5 3

Mississippi ............................ 65 62 54 3 21 11 10 3 16 7 ( ) 9 5 2

Missouri ................................ 109 106 96 9 16 12 4 8 28 5 29 5 2

Montana ................................ 23 22 17 3 2 2 7 ( ) 1 6 7 ( ) 4 4 1

Nebraska .............................. 22 21 19 2 2 1 2 1 7 7 ( ) 6 1 1

Nevada ................................. 35 34 28 5 1 1 6 ( ) 2 8 3 9 3 6 ( )

New Hampshire .................... 20 19 17 2 3 2 1 6 ( ) 6 7 ( ) 4 1 6 ( )

New Jersey ........................... 202 199 175 14 28 11 17 16 48 13 57 15 1

New Mexico .......................... 48 45 38 8 3 1 1 1 15 2 9 5 2

New York .............................. 507 484 416 50 64 25 40 22 116 33 130 50 11

North Carolina ...................... 129 124 113 12 33 14 19 6 37 3 23 4 2

North Dakota ........................ 8 7 6 6 ( ) 1 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 2 6 ( ) 1 1 1

Ohio ...................................... 242 233 212 28 44 31 13 9 65 8 57 10 5

Oklahoma ............................. 62 60 53 7 7 3 4 3 16 3 16 4 1

Oregon .................................. 97 90 79 8 15 7 8 3 28 3 23 8 5

Pennsylvania ........................ 285 269 241 34 44 21 23 7 72 8 77 21 10

Rhode Island ........................ 25 24 23 2 6 4 2 1 6 1 6 1 6 ( )

South Carolina ...................... 78 74 69 8 13 7 5 2 25 3 19 4 6 ( )

South Dakota ........................ 11 11 9 2 1 1 1 7 ( ) 3 7 ( ) 2 1 7 ( )

Tennessee ............................ 137 130 121 16 33 19 14 4 42 3 23 7 6 ( )

Texas .................................... 474 444 389 47 52 22 30 22 137 17 110 30 21

Utah ...................................... 31 30 25 4 4 2 1 1 7 1 8 3 1

Vermont ................................ 12 11 9 2 1 1 7 ( ) 7 ( ) 3 1 2 1 1

Virginia .................................. 124 119 104 15 14 9 5 5 32 4 34 13 6 ( )

Washington ........................... 138 126 113 17 14 10 5 6 44 3 27 10 11

West Virginia ........................ 47 45 39 8 4 2 2 1 12 2 9 5 1

Wisconsin ............................. 102 98 87 15 17 8 9 4 24 3 23 7 3

Wyoming ............................... 12 11 9 1 1 7 ( ) 7 ( ) 1 4 7 ( ) 3 1 1

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE

Alabama ............................... 4.6 4.6 5.4 7.4 4.3 3.1 5.7 4.3 7.2 1.0 5.0 1.7 2.2

Alaska ................................... 7.5 7.3 8.8 18.9 13.7 12.6 14.2 4.3 8.0 4.9 8.1 5.7 6 ( )

Arizona ................................. 4.2 4.1 4.5 3.5 4.2 3.3 6.7 3.6 6.4 2.9 3.7 2.6 7.3

Arkansas ............................... 4.8 4.7 5.4 7.8 5.3 4.6 6.2 3.1 6.0 1.0 5.8 2.9 4.6

California .............................. 5.7 5.4 6.1 11.1 5.2 3.6 7.7 4.7 7.4 3.5 5.6 3.4 10.5

Colorado ............................... 3.1 3.1 3.5 4.1 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.5 4.8 2.2 3.4 2.1 6 ( )

Connecticut ........................... 4.8 4.7 5.1 8.6 4.1 3.6 5.3 5.3 7.8 4.3 3.5 3.1 6 ( )

Delaware .............................. 3.9 3.9 4.3 5.4 4.1 7.5 2.5 3.6 6.9 2.8 3.2 1.5 6 ( )

District of Columbia .............. 7.3 7.3 8.1 26.4 7.6 6 ( ) 7.2 4.4 12.4 6.2 6.4 5.9 6 ( )

Florida ................................... 4.4 4.3 4.7 6.9 4.2 3.4 5.6 3.8 5.9 2.9 3.9 2.6 7.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. States: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by industry, 1997 annual averages — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status and

State Total2

Nonagricultural industries

Agriculture Total3

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

Government Total4 Construction

Manufacturing Transportation,

communications,

 and public utilities

Trade

Finance,

insurance,

and real

estate

Services5

Total Durable

goods

Nondurable

goods

UNEMPLOYMENT

RATE–Continued

Georgia ................................. 4.2 4.0 4.5 6.3 4.3 3.3 5.1 2.0 6.7 1.4 4.3 1.5 6.2

Hawaii ................................... 5.8 5.5 6.8 21.3 3.8 6 ( ) 4.0 4.3 7.8 3.0 4.5 2.5 12.8

Idaho ..................................... 5.0 4.9 5.6 7.3 6.2 6.0 6.6 3.1 5.9 3.4 4.9 3.5 6.0

Illinois .................................... 4.3 4.2 4.6 9.1 3.9 3.6 4.4 2.5 5.5 2.3 4.7 2.5 3.3

Indiana .................................. 3.3 3.3 3.4 6.0 2.7 2.9 2.3 1.4 4.7 2.3 3.3 2.8 6 ( )

Iowa ...................................... 3.0 3.0 3.4 6.7 2.9 2.5 3.5 4.3 4.3 .8 3.0 1.7 2.3

Kansas .................................. 3.6 3.7 4.3 4.9 3.3 3.7 2.9 2.2 6.7 2.4 4.0 1.3 2.6

Kentucky ............................... 5.0 4.8 5.4 13.6 4.3 4.3 4.3 2.5 4.9 4.5 5.5 3.1 5.0

Louisiana .............................. 5.4 5.1 5.9 9.5 5.6 3.3 7.2 4.5 8.6 1.7 4.1 2.4 13.3

Maine .................................... 5.2 4.8 5.1 13.2 3.1 2.9 3.4 6.2 5.7 2.8 4.7 4.0 11.5

Maryland ............................... 4.8 4.8 5.9 5.3 5.7 3.7 8.1 4.3 7.2 3.5 6.0 1.5 6 ( )

Massachusetts ...................... 3.7 3.7 4.2 11.8 2.7 2.1 3.8 2.9 5.1 3.5 3.5 2.1 6 ( )

Michigan ............................... 4.0 3.9 4.3 8.5 3.7 3.2 5.5 3.0 5.4 2.6 3.6 1.8 6.5

Minnesota ............................. 3.0 3.0 3.3 8.0 2.6 1.8 4.0 2.6 4.1 1.2 2.9 1.7 2.3

Mississippi ............................ 5.1 5.1 5.7 6.5 8.0 7.6 8.6 3.9 7.3 .9 3.5 2.7 8.1

Missouri ................................ 3.8 3.9 4.4 5.7 4.0 4.9 2.7 4.5 4.9 3.1 4.1 1.3 1.9

Montana ................................ 5.1 5.3 6.1 12.9 5.3 5.7 4.3 4.6 6.9 3.5 4.0 4.2 2.6

Nebraska .............................. 2.4 2.5 3.0 4.9 2.1 1.3 2.9 2.2 3.8 .6 3.3 1.1 1.1

Nevada ................................. 3.9 3.9 4.0 7.0 3.5 4.2 6 ( ) 4.8 4.8 4.7 3.0 2.9 6 ( )

New Hampshire .................... 3.0 2.9 3.4 6.0 2.4 2.6 2.1 6 ( ) 4.8 1.2 3.1 1.6 6 ( )

New Jersey ........................... 4.9 4.9 5.2 8.2 4.3 4.1 4.4 5.4 5.7 4.0 5.2 2.6 1.7

New Mexico .......................... 5.8 5.7 7.2 16.5 6.0 5.8 6.2 3.5 9.1 5.6 4.9 2.6 6.6

New York .............................. 5.8 5.7 6.3 13.4 5.8 4.4 7.4 4.6 7.2 4.9 5.5 3.4 8.3

North Carolina ...................... 3.4 3.3 3.8 5.1 3.7 3.2 4.1 2.7 5.0 1.8 3.2 .8 2.3

North Dakota ........................ 2.4 2.4 2.8 6 ( ) 3.0 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 1.5 3.3 6 ( ) 1.8 1.6 1.9

Ohio ...................................... 4.2 4.2 4.6 11.0 3.7 4.0 3.2 3.4 5.3 2.8 4.3 1.6 4.7

Oklahoma ............................. 3.9 3.9 4.6 9.3 4.0 2.7 6.1 2.9 5.6 3.5 4.1 1.5 2.3

Oregon .................................. 5.6 5.5 6.1 7.7 5.2 3.6 8.0 3.7 7.6 3.5 6.1 3.8 7.1

Pennsylvania ........................ 4.8 4.6 5.1 13.0 4.2 3.5 5.1 2.3 6.2 2.3 4.8 3.0 11.6

Rhode Island ........................ 4.9 4.8 5.5 11.1 6.2 6.4 6.0 3.9 6.8 2.5 4.2 1.7 6 ( )

South Carolina ...................... 4.1 4.0 4.7 7.1 3.0 3.7 2.4 2.3 6.7 3.5 4.8 1.5 6 ( )

South Dakota ........................ 2.9 3.1 3.5 10.5 2.5 2.0 3.4 1.4 3.7 1.3 3.2 2.2 1.2

Tennessee ............................ 5.1 5.0 6.0 11.6 6.5 6.7 6.2 2.7 7.5 2.6 4.2 1.8 5.4

Texas .................................... 4.8 4.7 5.3 8.2 4.0 3.2 5.1 3.5 7.1 3.5 4.9 2.2 6.3

Utah ...................................... 3.0 3.0 3.3 5.4 2.7 2.5 3.1 2.1 3.6 1.4 3.7 2.0 6 ( )

Vermont ................................ 3.7 3.5 3.9 11.8 2.6 2.9 2.0 3.1 4.5 3.9 2.8 1.9 5.3

Virginia .................................. 3.7 3.6 4.0 6.8 3.4 4.4 2.5 2.6 5.0 2.1 3.7 2.3 6 ( )

Washington ........................... 4.6 4.4 5.2 9.1 3.3 3.1 4.0 4.2 7.1 2.2 4.2 2.4 10.5

West Virginia ........................ 5.9 5.8 6.7 17.3 4.7 4.6 5.0 2.4 7.2 5.2 5.2 3.5 9.2

Wisconsin ............................. 3.5 3.4 3.8 12.0 2.5 1.9 3.6 3.1 4.5 2.0 3.5 1.9 3.4

Wyoming ............................... 4.7 4.5 5.7 10.0 5.6 4.0 7.0 3.8 7.1 .3 5.9 1.7 5.6

1 Excludes persons with no previous work experience. 2 Includes private household workers, self-employed and unpaid family

workers, and mining. 3 Includes self-employed and unpaid family workers and mining. 4 Includes mining. 5 Excludes private household workers.

6 Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS

publication standards of reliability for the particular area, based on the sample

in that area. See appendix B. 7 Less than 500 persons.

 NOTE: Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed rates because of

rounding.
Table 17. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and industry, 1997 annual averages

Population group and State

Total employed1 Nonagricultural industries

Agriculture Number

(In thousands)

Percent Total2

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

Government Total3 Construction

Manufacturing Transportation,

communications,

and public

utilities

Trade

Finance,

insurance,

and real

estate

Services4

Total Durable

goods

Nondurable

goods

TOTAL

Alabama ............................... 2,064 100.0 96.8 75.6 5.3 20.4 11.2 9.2 5.0 20.0 4.4 20.0 14.3 2.5

Alaska ................................... 291 100.0 99.1 59.9 5.4 3.4 1.1 2.3 8.0 16.5 3.4 20.5 27.4 .5

Arizona ................................. 2,065 100.0 96.6 76.0 6.6 11.5 8.5 3.1 5.3 21.9 6.3 23.9 13.3 2.7

Arkansas ............................... 1,147 100.0 95.2 73.0 5.1 20.7 10.8 9.9 5.6 19.7 3.8 18.0 14.3 3.8

California .............................. 14,966 100.0 95.5 72.0 4.1 15.5 9.7 5.8 5.1 17.9 5.4 23.7 13.5 3.4

Colorado ............................... 2,088 100.0 97.0 76.6 6.1 11.7 7.4 4.3 5.7 19.4 6.2 26.9 12.6 2.3

Connecticut ........................... 1,635 100.0 98.4 81.6 4.2 17.7 12.1 5.6 5.1 17.2 8.1 29.3 10.7 1.2

Delaware .............................. 364 100.0 98.3 80.9 5.0 14.7 4.6 10.2 5.2 18.3 11.5 26.0 12.7 1.4

District of Columbia .............. 237 100.0 98.4 62.8 1.8 2.1 .4 1.7 5.7 11.3 5.3 36.7 29.9 .4

Florida ................................... 6,768 100.0 97.1 78.3 6.3 8.5 5.4 3.1 6.2 22.6 7.3 27.4 12.5 2.1

Georgia ................................. 3,730 100.0 97.3 76.5 5.1 18.4 8.4 10.0 8.1 17.8 5.6 21.4 15.0 1.9

Hawaii ................................... 554 100.0 96.5 68.6 4.9 3.7 1.0 2.7 7.5 21.8 5.3 25.5 18.4 3.2

Idaho ..................................... 600 100.0 92.7 67.7 6.4 15.6 8.2 7.5 4.5 19.3 3.7 17.5 16.5 6.5

Illinois .................................... 5,842 100.0 98.1 79.7 4.9 17.4 10.2 7.2 7.0 18.5 7.0 24.8 12.4 1.6

Indiana .................................. 2,985 100.0 97.9 81.9 4.7 25.0 18.1 6.8 5.2 20.0 5.2 21.6 10.9 1.9

Iowa ...................................... 1,526 100.0 92.9 73.1 3.6 16.9 10.4 6.5 4.0 20.4 6.0 21.9 12.7 6.7

Kansas .................................. 1,315 100.0 94.4 70.6 4.1 14.3 7.9 6.4 5.3 17.8 5.6 22.9 16.5 5.0

Kentucky ............................... 1,824 100.0 97.0 76.8 5.1 17.1 9.7 7.4 5.9 20.1 4.5 22.7 13.9 2.3

Louisiana .............................. 1,900 100.0 97.0 74.3 6.1 11.0 4.8 6.2 5.8 19.2 4.1 24.9 15.5 1.9

Maine .................................... 623 100.0 97.2 74.4 4.2 16.8 7.8 9.0 3.7 20.1 5.4 24.0 12.4 2.2

Maryland ............................... 2,648 100.0 97.3 69.3 5.8 7.4 4.1 3.3 4.9 18.0 6.6 26.7 21.5 1.8

Massachusetts ...................... 3,129 100.0 98.2 79.8 4.0 16.1 10.5 5.5 5.2 17.5 7.2 29.8 11.7 1.3

Michigan ............................... 4,776 100.0 97.5 80.5 4.3 23.7 19.4 4.4 3.9 20.0 4.6 23.9 11.5 1.8

Minnesota ............................. 2,539 100.0 94.8 75.0 4.9 15.3 9.8 5.6 5.0 20.9 6.3 22.0 12.5 4.6

Mississippi ............................ 1,193 100.0 97.4 74.2 4.2 20.2 11.2 9.0 6.5 16.7 4.1 21.4 16.5 2.1

Missouri ................................ 2,765 100.0 95.5 75.8 5.5 14.1 8.4 5.7 6.4 19.5 5.4 24.7 13.4 4.1

Montana ................................ 430 100.0 91.3 59.2 4.6 8.1 5.9 2.3 3.9 18.7 3.0 19.9 19.2 7.9

Nebraska .............................. 883 100.0 89.7 69.2 4.3 11.6 5.9 5.7 5.9 19.7 6.6 21.0 14.5 9.8

Nevada ................................. 847 100.0 98.1 79.5 7.8 4.5 2.9 1.7 5.3 17.7 6.5 35.9 12.2 1.7

New Hampshire .................... 625 100.0 98.1 76.0 4.2 20.9 15.0 5.9 3.9 19.3 5.4 22.2 12.8 1.3

New Jersey ........................... 3,978 100.0 98.6 80.5 3.9 15.6 6.5 9.1 7.0 20.1 7.7 26.1 13.6 1.0

New Mexico .......................... 769 100.0 96.2 63.6 5.4 5.3 3.0 2.2 5.0 19.4 4.3 21.4 22.2 3.0

New York .............................. 8,243 100.0 97.5 74.6 3.9 12.5 6.6 6.0 5.5 17.9 7.8 27.0 17.0 1.4

North Carolina ...................... 3,705 100.0 96.7 76.5 5.8 23.3 11.1 12.2 5.4 18.7 4.6 18.6 13.7 2.7

North Dakota ........................ 339 100.0 86.4 64.9 3.8 6.8 3.9 3.0 5.4 20.4 3.8 23.7 15.2 12.9

Ohio ...................................... 5,448 100.0 97.6 79.7 4.2 20.8 13.7 7.2 4.6 21.2 4.9 23.4 12.1 1.7

Oklahoma ............................. 1,534 100.0 95.5 70.7 4.6 11.7 7.3 4.4 5.7 18.2 4.6 23.9 16.5 4.1

Oregon .................................. 1,631 100.0 95.1 73.7 5.7 16.4 10.6 5.8 4.5 20.5 4.6 21.8 12.0 4.1

Pennsylvania ........................ 5,673 100.0 98.0 78.7 3.9 17.7 10.2 7.5 5.4 19.1 5.6 26.6 11.9 1.4

Rhode Island ........................ 478 100.0 98.5 81.1 3.5 19.9 12.8 7.1 4.1 18.2 6.1 29.4 12.3 1.0

South Carolina ...................... 1,826 100.0 97.5 76.4 6.1 22.3 10.6 11.7 4.3 19.0 4.4 20.2 15.5 1.8

South Dakota ........................ 381 100.0 89.1 65.6 3.7 12.5 8.0 4.4 3.8 20.1 5.0 19.6 15.4 10.4

Tennessee ............................ 2,562 100.0 96.7 73.9 4.7 18.3 10.3 8.0 5.8 19.9 4.6 20.5 13.9 2.8

Texas .................................... 9,350 100.0 95.8 73.6 5.5 13.1 7.2 5.9 6.3 19.1 5.1 22.8 14.5 3.3

Utah ...................................... 1,008 100.0 97.3 72.9 6.2 13.2 8.8 4.3 4.7 19.9 5.9 22.2 17.4 2.3

Vermont ................................ 313 100.0 96.1 74.8 4.3 15.6 10.7 4.9 4.5 19.5 4.1 26.7 10.6 3.3

Virginia .................................. 3,271 100.0 97.5 75.6 6.3 12.4 6.1 6.3 5.7 18.4 5.8 26.9 16.8 2.0

Washington ........................... 2,846 100.0 95.9 72.8 6.1 14.8 10.9 3.8 5.0 20.1 5.3 21.5 14.6 3.4

West Virginia ........................ 749 100.0 97.2 73.0 5.2 10.8 5.6 5.1 6.0 20.8 4.3 22.5 17.7 1.5

Wisconsin ............................. 2,821 100.0 96.3 77.1 3.9 22.8 14.1 8.7 4.2 18.1 5.3 22.6 12.8 3.4

Wyoming ............................... 238 100.0 92.4 62.5 5.2 4.7 2.3 2.4 6.0 19.6 3.1 16.6 21.1 6.7

Men

Alabama ............................... 1,116 100.0 96.1 75.8 8.3 24.4 16.1 8.4 7.4 18.4 3.1 13.2 11.8 3.8

Alaska ................................... 157 100.0 99.2 59.9 8.7 4.3 1.6 2.7 9.6 15.3 1.9 16.3 26.0 .6

Arizona ................................. 1,150 100.0 95.8 77.6 10.6 14.4 10.8 3.6 5.9 22.8 4.2 19.1 11.4 4.0

Arkansas ............................... 603 100.0 94.4 73.3 8.6 24.7 15.1 9.6 8.1 17.9 2.5 11.2 12.0 5.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and industry, 1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and State

Total employed1 Nonagricultural industries

Agriculture Number

(In thousands)

Percent Total2

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

Government Total3 Construction

Manufacturing Transportation,

communications,

and public

utilities

Trade

Finance,

insurance,

and real

estate

Services4

Total Durable

goods

Nondurable

goods

Men–Continued

California .............................. 8,355 100.0 94.9 73.4 6.6 18.5 12.4 6.1 6.3 18.1 4.2 19.4 10.6 4.8

Colorado ............................... 1,129 100.0 96.8 77.9 9.7 14.7 9.5 5.3 7.2 20.0 4.1 21.2 11.2 3.1

Connecticut ........................... 835 100.0 98.4 80.7 7.5 23.1 16.7 6.5 6.6 17.3 5.9 20.2 9.8 1.6

Delaware .............................. 186 100.0 98.3 82.5 8.8 19.7 7.0 12.8 8.2 18.7 8.4 18.6 10.7 1.5

District of Columbia .............. 117 100.0 99.3 66.1 3.3 2.2 .2 2.0 8.2 12.7 6.2 33.5 26.3 .4

Florida ................................... 3,632 100.0 96.9 79.3 10.4 10.5 7.1 3.4 7.8 23.4 5.4 21.6 10.2 3.0

Georgia ................................. 1,990 100.0 96.8 79.7 8.7 22.8 11.5 11.3 10.4 17.0 4.3 16.4 10.4 2.9

Hawaii ................................... 279 100.0 95.3 69.0 8.6 4.6 1.4 3.2 10.6 20.0 4.5 20.7 15.8 4.4

Idaho ..................................... 330 100.0 91.0 69.4 10.1 19.1 11.2 7.9 5.9 18.1 1.9 13.4 12.8 8.7

Illinois .................................... 3,149 100.0 97.9 80.9 8.2 22.1 13.8 8.3 9.1 18.3 5.6 17.3 10.4 2.1

Indiana .................................. 1,614 100.0 97.5 82.6 8.0 31.9 24.0 7.9 7.3 18.7 3.0 13.3 9.1 2.5

Iowa ...................................... 795 100.0 90.1 71.8 6.5 23.3 15.0 8.2 5.6 19.6 3.4 13.0 10.3 9.9

Kansas .................................. 701 100.0 93.0 71.1 7.2 18.8 11.3 7.5 6.9 17.9 4.0 15.7 14.6 6.9

Kentucky ............................... 964 100.0 96.7 79.1 8.7 22.0 13.4 8.6 8.5 18.0 2.9 16.5 11.1 3.3

Louisiana .............................. 1,009 100.0 97.1 76.8 10.3 15.5 7.8 7.7 8.0 18.3 2.5 16.8 12.0 2.7

Maine .................................... 329 100.0 96.5 73.0 7.3 21.9 10.9 11.0 5.2 19.0 3.4 16.1 11.1 3.1

Maryland ............................... 1,370 100.0 97.5 71.6 10.0 10.0 6.4 3.6 6.2 18.4 4.6 22.3 18.5 2.5

Massachusetts ...................... 1,637 100.0 98.4 80.6 6.9 21.2 14.1 7.1 6.9 17.7 6.2 21.8 10.3 1.6

Michigan ............................... 2,555 100.0 97.3 82.9 7.0 32.2 27.3 4.9 5.0 18.9 2.9 16.8 8.8 2.6

Minnesota ............................. 1,368 100.0 93.6 75.5 8.4 19.4 12.8 6.6 6.0 20.0 4.4 16.2 10.4 6.4

Mississippi ............................ 633 100.0 97.0 76.3 7.4 25.0 15.8 9.2 9.4 14.6 2.7 15.1 12.4 3.0

Missouri ................................ 1,427 100.0 93.7 76.2 9.8 19.0 11.8 7.3 9.0 18.4 3.5 16.1 10.9 6.3

Montana ................................ 228 100.0 89.1 58.1 7.7 12.0 9.1 2.9 5.2 17.0 1.7 12.8 16.8 10.7

Nebraska .............................. 472 100.0 85.6 68.9 7.5 14.7 8.3 6.4 7.8 19.6 6.1 13.0 11.1 14.4

Nevada ................................. 471 100.0 97.7 80.7 12.7 5.7 3.7 2.0 6.2 16.6 4.4 32.2 9.9 2.3

New Hampshire .................... 338 100.0 98.4 77.7 7.0 25.2 17.7 7.5 4.5 20.5 3.9 16.5 10.2 1.6

New Jersey ........................... 2,129 100.0 98.9 81.4 6.7 19.2 8.6 10.6 9.2 20.3 7.2 18.7 12.2 1.1

New Mexico .......................... 420 100.0 95.7 65.1 8.7 7.2 4.5 2.6 6.9 19.0 2.6 16.1 20.0 4.2

New York .............................. 4,416 100.0 97.9 75.8 6.7 14.6 8.6 6.0 7.3 19.3 7.2 20.5 15.2 2.0

North Carolina ...................... 1,976 100.0 96.0 78.3 9.9 26.8 14.0 12.9 7.5 18.7 3.0 12.1 9.7 3.9

North Dakota ........................ 179 100.0 81.1 61.0 6.6 9.2 6.0 3.2 7.8 20.8 2.4 12.6 13.0 18.9

Ohio ...................................... 2,904 100.0 97.6 80.3 6.7 28.1 19.8 8.3 6.5 18.9 3.5 15.9 11.0 2.3

Oklahoma ............................. 830 100.0 93.9 70.1 7.8 15.0 9.6 5.4 7.5 17.2 2.9 16.6 14.3 5.9

Oregon .................................. 902 100.0 94.8 75.9 9.3 22.0 15.2 6.8 6.4 19.4 3.3 15.4 9.0 5.1

Pennsylvania ........................ 3,006 100.0 98.2 78.5 6.9 23.2 14.8 8.4 7.4 18.4 3.7 18.3 10.5 1.7

Rhode Island ........................ 247 100.0 98.7 81.3 6.3 25.6 16.1 9.5 6.1 17.8 4.8 20.8 10.4 1.3

South Carolina ...................... 967 100.0 97.6 80.2 10.8 27.9 14.1 13.8 5.5 17.8 3.4 14.8 10.6 2.3

South Dakota ........................ 199 100.0 84.8 62.6 6.3 14.7 9.4 5.3 5.5 19.7 3.4 11.5 13.9 15.2

Tennessee ............................ 1,339 100.0 96.2 75.0 7.9 21.9 13.6 8.3 8.1 18.7 2.9 15.2 9.8 3.8

Texas .................................... 5,164 100.0 95.0 75.7 9.2 16.6 9.4 7.3 8.1 18.7 3.6 16.9 11.2 4.8

Utah ...................................... 557 100.0 96.7 74.0 10.1 16.6 11.7 4.9 5.6 18.7 4.6 17.2 14.6 3.3

Vermont ................................ 160 100.0 95.7 74.2 7.2 20.0 14.5 5.5 6.5 18.5 2.4 19.3 8.8 4.2

Virginia .................................. 1,729 100.0 97.1 77.2 10.9 15.3 8.3 7.0 7.7 17.3 4.2 21.5 14.3 2.6

Washington ........................... 1,574 100.0 95.4 74.3 9.9 19.9 15.4 4.5 6.2 19.0 3.6 15.5 12.6 4.3

West Virginia ........................ 403 100.0 97.8 76.2 9.3 15.1 8.9 6.2 8.9 19.9 2.4 15.0 14.4 1.8

Wisconsin ............................. 1,492 100.0 95.3 77.2 6.8 30.0 19.9 10.1 6.0 17.2 2.7 14.2 10.8 4.6

Wyoming ............................... 130 100.0 91.9 65.5 7.8 6.3 3.3 3.0 9.7 17.5 1.6 11.4 18.2 7.9

Women

Alabama ............................... 948 100.0 97.7 75.3 1.6 15.6 5.4 10.2 2.1 21.9 6.0 28.0 17.2 .9

Alaska ................................... 134 100.0 99.0 59.8 1.6 2.4 .5 2.0 6.2 17.8 5.1 25.4 29.0 .5

Arizona ................................. 914 100.0 97.5 74.0 1.6 7.9 5.5 2.4 4.5 20.8 8.9 29.9 15.7 1.2

Arkansas ............................... 544 100.0 96.2 72.6 1.2 16.1 6.0 10.2 2.7 21.6 5.4 25.5 16.7 1.8

California .............................. 6,611 100.0 96.1 70.4 1.0 11.7 6.2 5.5 3.6 17.7 7.0 29.1 17.2 1.6

Colorado ............................... 959 100.0 97.3 74.9 1.8 8.1 4.9 3.2 4.0 18.6 8.7 33.5 14.2 1.3

Connecticut ........................... 800 100.0 98.4 82.5 .7 12.1 7.4 4.7 3.6 17.1 10.4 38.7 11.7 .8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and industry, 1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and State

Total employed1 Nonagricultural industries

Agriculture Number

(In thousands)

Percent Total2

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

Government Total3 Construction

Manufacturing Transportation,

communications,

and public

utilities

Trade

Finance,

insurance,

and real

estate

Services4

Total Durable

goods

Nondurable

goods

Women–Continued

Delaware .............................. 178 100.0 98.3 79.1 1.1 9.5 2.0 7.4 2.0 17.9 14.8 33.8 14.8 1.2

District of Columbia .............. 120 100.0 97.5 59.6 .3 2.0 .6 1.5 3.2 9.9 4.3 39.9 33.3 .4

Florida ................................... 3,136 100.0 97.3 77.3 1.4 6.2 3.4 2.8 4.3 21.7 9.5 34.1 15.2 1.2

Georgia ................................. 1,740 100.0 97.8 72.8 1.1 13.3 4.8 8.5 5.5 18.7 7.1 27.1 20.2 .6

Hawaii ................................... 275 100.0 97.8 68.1 1.1 2.7 .5 2.2 4.3 23.5 6.1 30.3 21.0 1.9

Idaho ..................................... 269 100.0 94.7 65.6 1.8 11.4 4.5 6.9 2.9 20.9 6.0 22.4 20.9 3.8

Illinois .................................... 2,692 100.0 98.3 78.3 1.1 11.9 6.1 5.8 4.6 18.7 8.5 33.4 14.6 1.0

Indiana .................................. 1,371 100.0 98.4 81.0 .8 16.9 11.3 5.6 2.6 21.5 7.8 31.4 13.1 1.2

Iowa ...................................... 731 100.0 96.0 74.5 .6 10.0 5.3 4.6 2.3 21.2 8.8 31.6 15.2 3.3

Kansas .................................. 613 100.0 96.0 70.0 .6 9.2 4.1 5.1 3.5 17.7 7.4 31.1 18.8 2.8

Kentucky ............................... 860 100.0 97.4 74.2 1.1 11.7 5.6 6.1 2.9 22.6 6.2 29.7 17.2 1.2

Louisiana .............................. 891 100.0 96.9 71.4 1.3 5.9 1.4 4.5 3.3 20.2 5.8 34.0 19.5 1.0

Maine .................................... 294 100.0 97.9 75.9 .8 11.2 4.4 6.8 2.1 21.4 7.5 32.9 13.9 1.2

Maryland ............................... 1,277 100.0 97.0 66.8 1.2 4.6 1.7 2.9 3.4 17.5 8.7 31.4 24.6 1.1

Massachusetts ...................... 1,493 100.0 98.1 78.9 1.0 10.4 6.6 3.8 3.4 17.3 8.3 38.5 13.2 .9

Michigan ............................... 2,221 100.0 97.6 77.7 1.2 14.0 10.3 3.7 2.6 21.2 6.6 32.0 14.6 1.0

Minnesota ............................. 1,171 100.0 96.2 74.4 .9 10.6 6.2 4.4 3.7 22.0 8.6 28.7 15.0 2.4

Mississippi ............................ 560 100.0 97.9 71.9 .6 14.7 6.1 8.7 3.2 19.1 5.7 28.5 21.1 1.1

Missouri ................................ 1,339 100.0 97.5 75.4 .8 8.8 4.8 4.0 3.6 20.7 7.5 33.9 16.1 1.9

Montana ................................ 202 100.0 93.9 60.6 1.2 3.8 2.3 1.6 2.3 20.5 4.5 27.8 22.0 4.8

Nebraska .............................. 410 100.0 94.4 69.6 .6 8.0 3.2 4.8 3.7 19.8 7.2 30.3 18.3 4.6

Nevada ................................. 376 100.0 98.6 78.0 1.8 3.1 1.8 1.2 4.1 19.0 9.1 40.5 15.2 .9

New Hampshire .................... 287 100.0 97.9 73.9 .9 15.8 11.7 4.1 3.2 17.9 7.2 28.9 16.0 1.1

New Jersey ........................... 1,849 100.0 98.3 79.4 .7 11.4 4.0 7.5 4.4 19.9 8.4 34.5 15.2 .9

New Mexico .......................... 349 100.0 96.8 61.8 1.4 3.0 1.3 1.7 2.7 19.9 6.3 27.9 24.8 1.6

New York .............................. 3,827 100.0 97.1 73.3 .7 10.1 4.3 5.9 3.4 16.3 8.4 34.4 19.1 .8

North Carolina ...................... 1,729 100.0 97.4 74.4 1.1 19.3 7.9 11.4 3.0 18.6 6.5 25.9 18.4 1.4

North Dakota ........................ 160 100.0 92.4 69.2 .6 4.2 1.5 2.7 2.8 20.0 5.5 36.0 17.8 6.3

Ohio ...................................... 2,544 100.0 97.5 79.0 1.3 12.6 6.7 5.8 2.5 23.9 6.6 32.0 13.4 1.2

Oklahoma ............................. 704 100.0 97.4 71.4 .7 7.8 4.6 3.2 3.7 19.3 6.5 32.4 19.0 2.0

Oregon .................................. 729 100.0 95.6 70.9 1.1 9.5 4.9 4.5 2.1 21.9 6.3 29.9 15.7 2.9

Pennsylvania ........................ 2,667 100.0 97.8 78.9 .7 11.4 5.1 6.4 3.1 19.8 7.8 36.0 13.5 1.0

Rhode Island ........................ 231 100.0 98.3 80.9 .5 13.8 9.2 4.5 2.0 18.6 7.4 38.6 14.4 .7

South Carolina ...................... 860 100.0 97.3 72.1 .8 16.1 6.7 9.4 3.1 20.3 5.5 26.4 21.0 1.2

South Dakota ........................ 181 100.0 93.9 69.0 .8 9.9 6.5 3.4 2.0 20.5 6.6 28.7 17.1 5.2

Tennessee ............................ 1,223 100.0 97.3 72.7 1.2 14.4 6.7 7.7 3.2 21.2 6.4 26.2 18.3 1.7

Texas .................................... 4,186 100.0 96.7 71.0 1.0 8.7 4.5 4.2 4.1 19.5 7.0 30.1 18.5 1.5

Utah ...................................... 451 100.0 98.1 71.6 1.3 8.9 5.2 3.7 3.7 21.4 7.6 28.3 20.7 1.2

Vermont ................................ 153 100.0 96.6 75.4 1.1 11.0 6.7 4.2 2.4 20.5 5.9 34.4 12.5 2.3

Virginia .................................. 1,542 100.0 98.0 73.9 1.3 9.1 3.5 5.6 3.4 19.6 7.6 32.9 19.6 1.3

Washington ........................... 1,272 100.0 96.5 70.9 1.4 8.4 5.4 2.9 3.5 21.5 7.3 28.8 17.1 2.2

West Virginia ........................ 346 100.0 96.5 69.2 .5 5.7 1.8 3.9 2.6 22.0 6.5 31.3 21.5 1.2

Wisconsin ............................. 1,329 100.0 97.4 76.9 .6 14.6 7.5 7.1 2.2 19.1 8.3 32.0 15.2 2.1

Wyoming ............................... 107 100.0 93.0 59.0 2.1 2.8 1.0 1.7 1.4 22.1 4.9 23.0 24.6 5.2

White

Alabama ............................... 1,564 100.0 96.6 74.8 6.0 18.0 10.6 7.4 5.0 20.1 5.0 20.3 13.3 2.9

Alaska ................................... 246 100.0 99.1 61.8 5.7 3.7 1.1 2.5 8.3 16.9 3.5 21.0 24.4 .5

Arizona ................................. 1,892 100.0 96.4 76.1 6.7 11.1 8.3 2.8 5.3 22.3 6.4 23.7 12.9 2.9

Arkansas ............................... 977 100.0 95.1 72.9 5.3 19.8 10.4 9.4 5.9 20.3 4.0 17.3 13.4 4.2

California .............................. 12,188 100.0 94.8 71.6 4.7 15.0 9.1 5.9 5.0 18.2 5.3 23.2 12.8 3.9

Colorado ............................... 1,952 100.0 96.8 76.3 6.2 11.6 7.3 4.3 5.6 18.9 6.5 26.8 12.5 2.4

Connecticut ........................... 1,426 100.0 98.4 81.3 4.7 18.5 12.5 6.0 4.6 16.8 8.3 28.4 10.3 1.2

Delaware .............................. 278 100.0 97.9 81.0 5.8 14.3 4.7 9.6 4.9 19.3 10.8 25.8 11.7 1.8

District of Columbia .............. 99 100.0 99.0 65.9 1.7 3.1 .3 2.8 4.2 8.7 6.5 41.7 25.4 .4

Florida ................................... 5,723 100.0 97.2 78.7 6.4 8.6 5.6 3.0 6.1 22.7 7.7 27.0 11.8 2.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and industry, 1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and State

Total employed1 Nonagricultural industries

Agriculture Number

(In thousands)

Percent Total2

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

Government Total3 Construction

Manufacturing Transportation,

communications,

and public

utilities

Trade

Finance,

insurance,

and real

estate

Services4

Total Durable

goods

Nondurable

goods

White–Continued

Georgia ................................. 2,615 100.0 97.0 76.0 5.3 16.7 8.2 8.5 8.2 18.2 6.2 21.2 14.3 2.4

Hawaii ................................... 158 100.0 95.6 63.8 5 ( ) 4.6 1.2 3.4 6.3 16.4 5.0 26.2 15.9 4.1

Idaho ..................................... 587 100.0 92.6 67.6 6.4 15.4 8.0 7.4 4.5 19.3 3.7 17.5 16.4 6.6

Illinois .................................... 4,943 100.0 97.8 80.2 5.4 18.2 10.8 7.4 6.8 18.9 7.1 23.7 11.4 1.8

Indiana .................................. 2,768 100.0 97.8 81.8 4.9 25.2 18.4 6.8 5.1 20.1 5.2 21.1 10.7 2.0

Iowa ...................................... 1,465 100.0 92.7 72.6 5 ( ) 16.4 10.3 6.0 4.1 20.5 6.0 21.6 12.7 6.9

Kansas .................................. 1,196 100.0 93.9 70.5 4.3 14.0 8.0 5.9 5.4 17.7 5.6 23.0 15.7 5.5

Kentucky ............................... 1,674 100.0 96.9 76.3 5.5 16.5 9.5 7.0 5.8 20.5 4.5 22.0 14.0 2.5

Louisiana .............................. 1,371 100.0 97.1 74.8 6.7 10.1 4.9 5.2 6.0 19.0 4.9 24.2 14.7 2.3

Maine .................................... 615 100.0 97.1 74.2 4.2 16.8 7.8 9.0 3.7 20.1 5.4 24.0 12.5 2.2

Maryland ............................... 1,931 100.0 97.0 70.4 6.6 7.4 4.7 2.7 4.7 19.0 6.8 25.9 19.4 2.1

Massachusetts ...................... 2,908 100.0 98.2 79.5 4.2 15.6 10.3 5.3 5.3 17.8 7.2 29.4 11.6 1.3

Michigan ............................... 4,152 100.0 97.2 80.7 4.7 23.4 19.1 4.3 3.8 20.7 4.8 23.1 10.7 2.0

Minnesota ............................. 2,420 100.0 94.6 74.8 5.1 15.2 9.7 5.5 5.0 21.0 6.1 21.7 12.4 4.7

Mississippi ............................ 797 100.0 97.0 72.8 4.8 14.8 8.4 6.4 6.9 17.0 5.0 22.9 16.0 2.6

Missouri ................................ 2,502 100.0 95.2 76.2 5.9 14.5 8.7 5.8 6.3 19.9 5.3 24.1 12.4 4.4

Montana ................................ 406 100.0 91.2 60.1 4.6 8.1 5.8 2.3 4.0 18.9 3.1 20.2 17.8 8.1

Nebraska .............................. 834 100.0 89.2 68.5 4.4 11.2 5.9 5.3 6.1 20.0 6.4 20.4 14.7 10.3

Nevada ................................. 749 100.0 97.9 79.7 8.1 4.7 3.2 1.5 5.2 18.2 7.1 34.4 11.7 1.8

New Hampshire .................... 606 100.0 98.2 75.6 4.3 20.4 14.5 5 ( ) 3.9 19.4 5.4 22.1 12.9 1.3

New Jersey ........................... 3,262 100.0 98.5 81.1 4.5 15.6 6.4 9.2 6.8 21.2 7.9 25.1 12.5 1.2

New Mexico .......................... 692 100.0 95.9 63.9 5.5 5.1 2.8 2.3 5.2 19.4 4.5 21.2 21.3 5 ( )

New York .............................. 6,550 100.0 97.5 75.0 4.1 13.2 7.4 5.8 5.4 18.7 7.7 25.9 16.1 1.7

North Carolina ...................... 2,862 100.0 96.5 76.7 6.6 21.9 11.5 10.4 5.4 19.4 4.9 18.3 12.7 3.1

North Dakota ........................ 327 100.0 86.1 65.0 3.8 6.6 3.6 3.0 5.4 20.6 4.0 23.6 14.7 5 ( )

Ohio ...................................... 4,855 100.0 97.5 80.0 4.3 21.3 13.8 7.5 4.6 21.4 5.0 22.9 11.6 1.9

Oklahoma ............................. 1,301 100.0 95.1 71.3 4.7 11.5 7.1 4.4 5.7 18.3 4.8 24.1 15.5 4.5

Oregon .................................. 1,525 100.0 95.2 73.4 5.7 15.9 10.4 5.5 4.3 20.3 4.6 22.3 12.0 4.1

Pennsylvania ........................ 5,154 100.0 98.0 79.1 4.1 18.4 10.9 7.5 5.4 19.5 5.4 25.8 11.3 1.4

Rhode Island ........................ 447 100.0 98.5 80.8 3.7 19.0 12.5 6.5 4.2 18.5 6.1 29.4 12.4 5 ( )

South Carolina ...................... 1,346 100.0 97.9 77.4 6.5 20.5 9.9 10.6 4.3 19.6 5.4 21.1 13.7 1.8

South Dakota ........................ 361 100.0 88.6 65.9 5 ( ) 12.2 8.3 3.9 4.0 20.3 5.0 19.7 14.3 10.9

Tennessee ............................ 2,058 100.0 96.1 73.2 5.1 18.9 10.7 8.2 5.0 19.9 4.4 19.7 12.4 3.3

Texas .................................... 7,977 100.0 95.3 73.5 6.1 13.2 7.1 6.1 6.0 18.8 5.3 22.4 13.7 3.8

Utah ...................................... 963 100.0 97.3 72.5 6.1 12.7 8.3 4.4 4.7 19.6 5 ( ) 22.4 17.5 2.3

Vermont ................................ 308 100.0 96.1 74.7 4.3 15.4 10.6 4.9 4.6 19.2 4.2 26.8 10.7 3.3

Virginia .................................. 2,544 100.0 97.4 76.0 6.9 12.1 6.0 6.1 5.4 18.7 6.1 26.6 15.6 2.2

Washington ........................... 2,599 100.0 95.7 72.6 6.5 14.6 10.7 3.9 4.9 19.9 5.5 21.1 14.2 3.6

West Virginia ........................ 729 100.0 97.3 73.0 5 ( ) 10.5 5.6 4.9 6.1 20.9 4.3 22.4 17.6 5 ( )

Wisconsin ............................. 2,674 100.0 96.1 76.9 4.0 22.8 14.1 8.8 4.3 18.2 5.4 21.9 12.7 5 ( )

Wyoming ............................... 232 100.0 92.3 62.1 5.0 4.7 2.3 2.4 6.0 19.4 3.1 16.4 21.2 6.8

Black

Alabama ............................... 478 100.0 97.4 77.3 2.9 27.8 13.3 14.5 5.2 20.1 2.6 18.2 18.0 1.3

Alaska ................................... 9 100.0 99.7 63.3 4.3 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5.8 19.2 5.6 27.0 33.8 .1

Arizona ................................. 76 100.0 98.8 74.4 2.9 7.1 3.0 4.1 4.2 14.6 7.7 37.8 21.8 .4

Arkansas ............................... 150 100.0 95.9 73.0 4.2 24.4 12.4 12.0 5 ( ) 14.9 2.9 22.5 20.0 1.8

California .............................. 864 100.0 98.7 66.8 2.3 9.2 5.8 3.4 7.9 14.7 6.1 26.3 26.5 .6

Colorado ............................... 68 100.0 99.5 85.2 3.5 15.9 10.4 5.5 10.0 25.1 4.0 26.6 13.4 .2

Connecticut ........................... 185 100.0 98.0 82.0 .4 10.6 7.8 2.8 9.6 20.7 6.3 34.4 14.4 1.2

Delaware .............................. 76 100.0 99.7 80.6 2.7 15.7 3.6 12.1 6.7 14.7 14.6 26.2 16.4 5 ( )

District of Columbia .............. 133 100.0 98.2 60.5 2.0 1.4 .5 .9 6.7 13.3 4.4 32.8 33.3 5 ( )

Florida ................................... 894 100.0 96.3 75.5 5.6 7.7 4.1 3.6 6.7 21.3 5.3 28.8 17.9 2.4

Georgia ................................. 1,058 100.0 97.9 77.6 4.8 22.2 8.6 13.6 7.9 16.2 4.1 22.3 16.8 .5

Hawaii ................................... 10 100.0 99.4 56.8 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 4.6 8.2 13.0 31.0 35.0 5 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and industry, 1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and State

Total employed1 Nonagricultural industries

Agriculture Number

(In thousands)

Percent Total2

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

Government Total3 Construction

Manufacturing Transportation,

communications,

and public

utilities

Trade

Finance,

insurance,

and real

estate

Services4

Total Durable

goods

Nondurable

goods

Black–Continued

Illinois .................................... 712 100.0 99.5 76.0 2.4 11.9 6.0 5.9 8.8 15.4 6.6 30.9 19.4 .2

Indiana .................................. 191 100.0 99.4 81.8 1.5 21.8 15.1 6.7 5 ( ) 16.4 6.4 27.9 15.2 5 ( )

Iowa ...................................... 35 100.0 100.0 84.2 5 ( ) 31.0 5 ( ) 17.7 2.8 19.9 3.9 26.6 14.0 5 ( )

Kansas .................................. 76 100.0 99.2 71.0 2.3 18.3 7.5 10.8 5.6 17.9 6.1 20.5 24.0 .2

Kentucky ............................... 134 100.0 98.2 81.7 .7 25.1 13.1 12.1 6.3 17.0 4.4 28.0 14.4 .2

Louisiana .............................. 497 100.0 96.5 73.1 4.6 13.6 4.5 9.1 5.6 19.6 5 ( ) 26.2 18.0 1.0

Maryland ............................... 618 100.0 98.1 66.1 4.0 8.1 2.9 5.2 5.8 14.4 5.9 27.7 29.2 1.0

Massachusetts ...................... 135 100.0 98.7 82.9 2.3 15.5 8.5 7.0 6.4 9.6 8.9 40.1 14.3 .1

Michigan ............................... 506 100.0 98.7 78.5 1.5 25.0 21.1 3.9 5.0 15.2 3.7 28.1 17.4 .3

Minnesota ............................. 61 100.0 98.1 85.1 5 ( ) 15.1 4.6 10.6 5.2 23.3 12.0 29.4 7.9 5 ( )

Mississippi ............................ 381 100.0 98.3 77.2 3.0 31.6 17.0 14.6 5.7 16.1 2.2 18.0 17.8 1.2

Missouri ................................ 230 100.0 99.1 71.0 1.8 9.4 5.2 4.3 6.8 15.4 6.5 31.0 25.5 .8

Nebraska .............................. 24 100.0 99.6 75.5 1.1 18.2 7.3 10.9 2.9 13.1 14.7 25.5 12.9 .4

Nevada ................................. 48 100.0 99.7 76.9 6.3 3.3 .4 2.9 5.6 11.9 2.2 47.6 19.4 .3

New Hampshire .................... 7 100.0 96.7 90.2 5 ( ) 18.6 18.6 5 ( ) .9 19.6 4.4 46.7 6.5 5 ( )

New Jersey ........................... 523 100.0 98.8 73.8 1.5 13.6 6.0 7.6 8.5 13.1 5.7 31.5 22.7 .2

New Mexico .......................... 12 100.0 100.0 64.7 3.4 1.3 1.3 5 ( ) .5 26.8 3.5 26.7 31.4 5 ( )

New York .............................. 1,199 100.0 97.5 69.9 3.6 7.9 3.4 4.5 6.4 11.8 7.4 32.9 24.4 .3

North Carolina ...................... 717 100.0 97.5 75.6 2.5 26.5 10.0 16.5 5.9 16.3 3.6 20.7 17.8 1.4

Ohio ...................................... 506 100.0 98.1 77.1 3.4 16.5 12.6 3.8 5.8 18.5 5.3 27.6 16.1 .7

Oklahoma ............................. 108 100.0 99.6 69.9 3.2 11.9 6.9 5.0 6.7 19.2 3.3 25.3 25.5 .2

Oregon .................................. 27 100.0 99.6 71.2 3.8 9.9 3.3 6.6 12.7 26.6 7.3 11.0 18.8 5 ( )

Pennsylvania ........................ 416 100.0 98.0 74.4 2.5 7.4 2.5 4.9 6.1 14.1 8.5 35.9 21.2 1.0

Rhode Island ........................ 24 100.0 98.6 83.7 .9 31.4 13.8 17.5 5 ( ) 13.4 5.1 30.1 9.7 5 ( )

South Carolina ...................... 465 100.0 96.2 73.3 5.1 27.5 12.7 14.8 5 ( ) 17.0 1.7 17.4 20.9 5 ( )

South Dakota ........................ 4 100.0 100.0 86.0 5 ( ) 49.6 4.0 45.6 3.2 26.0 5 ( ) 3.5 12.3 5 ( )

Tennessee ............................ 479 100.0 99.3 75.8 2.6 15.4 8.3 7.1 9.0 19.7 5.3 23.8 20.6 .6

Texas .................................... 1,037 100.0 98.0 73.3 2.1 10.9 6.0 5.0 10.0 18.8 4.7 26.4 21.6 .7

Utah ...................................... 6 100.0 100.0 70.7 5 ( ) 21.4 12.4 8.9 10.2 26.1 5 ( ) 13.0 29.4 5 ( )

Virginia .................................. 624 100.0 97.7 73.1 4.5 14.3 6.8 7.4 7.1 16.9 4.3 25.8 21.7 1.3

Washington ........................... 51 100.0 96.8 73.8 5 ( ) 12.2 11.2 1.0 13.8 14.4 3.5 29.9 19.1 3.1

West Virginia ........................ 15 100.0 96.7 83.3 5 ( ) 27.7 9.7 18.0 5.0 22.1 5.0 23.5 12.2 5 ( )

Wisconsin ............................. 96 100.0 99.9 79.7 2.0 19.0 13.4 5.6 3.0 15.6 3.4 36.7 15.9 5 ( )

Wyoming ............................... 2 100.0 98.6 86.2 6.7 5.7 .1 5.6 4.5 36.5 5 ( ) 20.5 9.0 1.4

Hispanic origin

Alabama ............................... 17 100.0 100.0 80.7 2.7 15.2 3.4 11.9 .7 44.5 5 ( ) 17.6 19.3 5 ( )

Alaska ................................... 6 100.0 99.7 74.3 6.2 9.0 5 ( ) 9.0 12.5 14.6 .8 24.6 16.0 .3

Arizona ................................. 524 100.0 93.1 77.1 9.7 12.4 9.4 3.0 3.4 26.9 3.2 21.0 10.7 6.3

Arkansas ............................... 21 100.0 100.0 92.9 6.3 53.6 13.3 40.3 5 ( ) 22.4 2.6 8.0 2.9 5 ( )

California .............................. 3,990 100.0 89.3 74.3 5.3 20.8 11.4 9.4 3.9 20.4 4.0 19.8 9.6 8.0

Colorado ............................... 264 100.0 95.1 73.2 6.2 18.1 7.7 10.3 6.3 19.7 3.1 19.1 17.2 3.4

Connecticut ........................... 101 100.0 98.6 84.1 2.9 26.6 17.9 8.7 3.5 18.2 4.2 28.8 11.3 1.0

Delaware .............................. 10 100.0 96.8 93.6 .5 10.9 1.1 9.8 7.0 23.3 11.8 40.2 2.6 2.6

District of Columbia .............. 16 100.0 93.9 75.2 4.2 .1 5 ( ) .1 2.9 24.6 6.6 36.8 13.5 5 ( )

Florida ................................... 1,146 100.0 95.3 83.2 6.3 11.3 6.3 5.0 8.5 23.0 7.7 26.4 6.7 2.6

Georgia ................................. 77 100.0 98.7 87.5 14.5 27.2 11.7 15.5 9.2 22.1 1.7 12.7 6.4 1.0

Hawaii ................................... 14 100.0 95.7 57.4 5.2 7.3 1.3 6.0 1.3 19.9 4.9 18.8 17.1 4.3

Idaho ..................................... 39 100.0 84.4 75.7 5.8 31.5 6.5 25.0 2.8 23.3 2.3 10.0 6.2 15.7

Illinois .................................... 495 100.0 98.0 88.0 7.5 28.7 16.9 11.8 3.9 25.1 5.0 17.7 7.1 1.4

Indiana .................................. 55 100.0 100.0 91.8 6.6 45.8 31.7 14.1 5 ( ) 15.4 5.0 19.0 5.1 5 ( )

Iowa ...................................... 21 100.0 98.7 91.4 5.8 38.3 5 ( ) 38.3 1.0 19.1 3.2 24.0 7.3 1.2

Kansas .................................. 54 100.0 98.3 81.9 10.1 16.9 9.1 7.8 5.9 27.2 .5 21.3 9.6 1.5

Kentucky ............................... 19 100.0 76.2 59.6 11.4 2.3 1.1 1.3 5.2 16.2 5 ( ) 24.5 15.5 19.7

Louisiana .............................. 44 100.0 88.4 71.0 3.4 11.5 7.2 4.3 9.8 18.5 5 ( ) 25.7 7.3 10.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and industry, 1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and State

Total employed1 Nonagricultural industries

Agriculture Number

(In thousands)

Percent Total2

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

Government Total3 Construction

Manufacturing Transportation,

communications,

and public

utilities

Trade

Finance,

insurance,

and real

estate

Services4

Total Durable

goods

Nondurable

goods

Hispanic origin–Continued

Maryland ............................... 119 100.0 90.4 71.8 11.8 5.0 3.9 1.0 2.3 27.4 .9 24.5 14.3 3.5

Massachusetts ...................... 117 100.0 98.0 82.3 2.2 24.9 13.9 10.9 3.3 17.0 3.4 31.6 11.7 .3

Michigan ............................... 123 100.0 98.7 83.7 6.4 33.1 24.6 8.5 2.7 21.4 3.8 16.3 12.3 1.3

Minnesota ............................. 55 100.0 99.0 90.2 1.4 28.8 17.3 11.5 3.3 38.4 5.5 12.8 7.3 5 ( )

Mississippi ............................ 21 100.0 99.3 92.0 11.7 38.5 11.8 26.7 5.4 20.1 .9 15.4 4.4 5 ( )

Missouri ................................ 44 100.0 93.4 86.0 9.5 16.0 5.4 10.5 6.7 21.6 4.4 27.8 4.4 6.6

Montana ................................ 8 100.0 83.0 58.4 5.7 12.4 10.7 1.7 3.1 17.7 3.0 16.6 16.7 14.2

Nebraska .............................. 28 100.0 98.2 83.8 7.3 36.9 6.5 30.4 4.0 16.7 .2 18.7 9.5 1.9

Nevada ................................. 107 100.0 94.5 88.7 13.2 4.3 1.9 2.4 1.9 16.9 4.8 47.0 3.9 5.1

New Hampshire .................... 7 100.0 100.0 97.2 5 ( ) 40.2 12.2 27.9 8.6 10.9 15.6 21.9 2.8 5 ( )

New Jersey ........................... 420 100.0 98.8 90.1 2.6 26.0 9.5 16.5 6.6 26.1 5.4 23.3 7.2 .7

New Mexico .......................... 284 100.0 95.9 66.9 7.4 5.6 2.9 2.7 3.9 23.6 4.6 18.7 22.0 3.0

New York .............................. 1,044 100.0 95.7 79.9 3.8 15.2 5.4 9.8 5.4 23.6 6.4 25.6 12.0 1.8

North Carolina ...................... 101 100.0 83.9 78.4 21.9 27.6 9.7 17.8 5.2 9.9 1.9 11.4 3.5 14.2

North Dakota ........................ 3 100.0 82.7 75.0 1.7 15.9 13.0 2.9 5 ( ) 26.8 5 ( ) 26.6 7.7 17.3

Ohio ...................................... 74 100.0 97.8 85.3 5.2 20.9 14.8 6.1 6.7 23.8 5.4 23.4 8.7 2.2

Oklahoma ............................. 38 100.0 89.1 78.4 13.9 19.5 9.9 9.6 .6 18.5 .3 22.8 6.0 10.6

Oregon .................................. 121 100.0 81.3 75.9 7.1 26.1 12.6 13.5 1.0 24.5 1.7 15.5 2.4 17.8

Pennsylvania ........................ 111 100.0 97.4 80.6 5.8 25.6 12.8 12.8 7.4 20.7 2.7 18.5 9.9 2.1

Rhode Island ........................ 24 100.0 97.7 91.7 .1 52.6 25.9 26.7 5 ( ) 5.8 3.4 29.8 1.4 1.6

South Carolina ...................... 31 100.0 100.0 76.7 8.7 17.2 6.7 10.5 5 ( ) 28.9 8.5 13.4 15.0 5 ( )

South Dakota ........................ 3 100.0 88.5 61.8 4.7 25.1 5.2 19.9 9.1 13.7 5 ( ) 9.3 26.8 11.5

Tennessee ............................ 29 100.0 89.1 71.3 8.0 9.9 2.6 7.2 5.4 34.3 3.8 10.0 10.7 8.1

Texas .................................... 2,518 100.0 93.9 75.3 9.2 14.1 7.2 6.9 5.0 21.9 3.5 20.3 13.3 4.5

Utah ...................................... 60 100.0 97.2 81.2 11.3 28.8 19.5 9.3 3.5 15.8 3.6 17.4 12.2 2.7

Vermont ................................ 2 100.0 88.2 74.9 5 ( ) 21.6 12.7 9.0 5 ( ) 38.2 5 ( ) 15.1 13.2 11.8

Virginia .................................. 104 100.0 94.9 81.8 12.6 3.9 1.3 2.6 6.1 19.3 4.2 35.7 10.7 3.4

Washington ........................... 125 100.0 73.5 61.2 3.4 14.4 6.9 7.5 .8 27.2 2.0 13.4 10.4 23.6

Wisconsin ............................. 67 100.0 100.0 91.0 2.2 43.4 33.0 10.4 3.4 14.5 6.1 21.4 7.3 5 ( )

Wyoming ............................... 11 100.0 91.1 75.9 11.2 8.5 4.1 4.4 7.9 16.3 4.8 21.9 12.1 7.5

1 Includes private household workers, self-employed and unpaid family workers,

and mining. 2 Includes self-employed and unpaid family workers and mining. 3 Includes mining. 4 Excludes private household workers. 5 Less than 500 persons employed or less than 0.05 percent of total employed.

 NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS

publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the sample in

that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed

percentages because of rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will

not add to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and

Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
Table 18. States: Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Population group and State Total at

work

Hours of work

1 to 14

hours

15 to 29

hours

30 to 34

hours

35 hours and over

Total 35 to 39

hours

40

hours

41 to 48

hours

49 hours

and over

TOTAL

Alabama ................................................................. 1,958 89 233 154 1,482 126 742 224 390

Alaska ..................................................................... 272 17 35 24 196 26 81 31 58

Arizona ................................................................... 1,994 81 235 157 1,521 128 767 216 410

Arkansas ................................................................. 1,094 56 143 90 805 71 406 117 212

California ................................................................ 14,374 658 1,858 1,176 10,682 840 5,670 1,420 2,752

Colorado ................................................................. 2,004 112 244 153 1,495 142 623 274 457

Connecticut ............................................................. 1,554 82 194 120 1,157 141 525 186 305

Delaware ................................................................ 350 18 40 24 269 27 137 38 67

District of Columbia ................................................ 228 8 22 21 178 14 101 20 43

Florida ..................................................................... 6,514 257 735 448 5,074 421 2,627 715 1,311

Georgia ................................................................... 3,569 122 363 225 2,858 201 1,491 456 710

Hawaii ..................................................................... 528 26 80 49 374 28 221 37 87

Idaho ....................................................................... 571 42 77 45 407 40 172 69 126

Illinois ...................................................................... 5,593 274 671 407 4,241 385 2,056 637 1,163

Indiana .................................................................... 2,853 161 338 224 2,130 196 913 380 640

Iowa ........................................................................ 1,457 93 195 110 1,060 108 411 212 329

Kansas .................................................................... 1,268 83 164 105 917 81 381 159 296

Kentucky ................................................................. 1,725 92 208 128 1,297 133 601 211 352

Louisiana ................................................................ 1,815 88 220 133 1,374 126 720 175 354

Maine ...................................................................... 593 37 80 51 425 53 183 81 109

Maryland ................................................................. 2,534 120 301 216 1,897 159 940 269 529

Massachusetts ........................................................ 2,977 159 391 245 2,182 222 1,065 334 562

Michigan ................................................................. 4,557 244 590 344 3,379 277 1,500 578 1,024

Minnesota ............................................................... 2,433 148 333 218 1,734 163 691 334 546

Mississippi .............................................................. 1,142 49 116 77 900 65 497 123 216

Missouri .................................................................. 2,644 153 305 209 1,977 181 926 357 514

Montana .................................................................. 408 31 58 34 285 28 121 43 92

Nebraska ................................................................ 846 56 106 61 623 50 227 116 230

Nevada ................................................................... 813 27 80 59 648 41 383 87 138

New Hampshire ...................................................... 597 30 79 50 437 48 167 89 134

New Jersey ............................................................. 3,804 167 486 265 2,886 332 1,474 375 705

New Mexico ............................................................ 733 39 92 63 538 49 269 75 145

New York ................................................................ 7,871 379 1,026 539 5,927 859 2,909 762 1,397

North Carolina ........................................................ 3,572 138 373 247 2,815 248 1,470 448 649

North Dakota .......................................................... 324 20 47 27 230 22 92 35 81

Ohio ........................................................................ 5,194 262 675 387 3,871 331 1,780 670 1,090

Oklahoma ............................................................... 1,468 84 172 112 1,100 96 527 170 307

Oregon .................................................................... 1,560 98 208 115 1,139 105 512 201 322

Pennsylvania .......................................................... 5,426 314 762 407 3,944 412 1,857 630 1,046

Rhode Island .......................................................... 453 21 65 43 324 38 153 52 81

South Carolina ........................................................ 1,757 63 177 111 1,407 108 774 201 324

South Dakota .......................................................... 366 26 48 25 266 23 102 47 94

Tennessee .............................................................. 2,448 111 286 175 1,876 185 869 328 495

Texas ...................................................................... 8,955 371 1,026 611 6,947 573 3,317 1,074 1,983

Utah ........................................................................ 969 67 149 72 681 48 332 109 191

Vermont .................................................................. 298 21 40 26 211 23 79 42 67

Virginia .................................................................... 3,154 137 339 247 2,431 221 1,173 379 658

Washington ............................................................. 2,714 160 355 222 1,977 164 953 335 524

West Virginia .......................................................... 707 39 89 56 523 51 265 78 129

Wisconsin ............................................................... 2,703 162 353 214 1,975 206 785 398 586

Wyoming ................................................................. 226 15 28 17 167 14 75 23 55

Men

Alabama ................................................................. 1,066 36 96 59 876 52 392 135 297

Alaska ..................................................................... 147 7 14 10 116 12 44 18 41

Arizona ................................................................... 1,126 34 100 71 921 56 442 133 290

Arkansas ................................................................. 582 25 54 35 467 27 211 74 155

California ................................................................ 8,093 275 763 530 6,525 380 3,314 854 1,977

Colorado ................................................................. 1,090 41 94 64 891 63 329 168 332

Connecticut ............................................................. 800 27 64 37 672 49 282 112 230

Delaware ................................................................ 180 7 14 8 151 10 72 22 47

District of Columbia ................................................ 113 3 9 10 91 6 48 10 27

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. States: Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Population group and State Total at

work

Hours of work

1 to 14

hours

15 to 29

hours

30 to 34

hours

35 hours and over

Total 35 to 39

hours

40

hours

41 to 48

hours

49 hours

and over

Men–Continued

Florida ..................................................................... 3,514 109 287 189 2,930 158 1,404 423 945

Georgia ................................................................... 1,925 52 130 88 1,654 80 782 275 518

Hawaii ..................................................................... 268 9 30 20 209 13 121 20 55

Idaho ....................................................................... 317 16 30 18 254 15 103 42 93

Illinois ...................................................................... 3,040 103 236 168 2,533 134 1,137 401 861

Indiana .................................................................... 1,559 57 114 88 1,300 70 511 233 486

Iowa ........................................................................ 766 33 67 43 623 37 208 128 251

Kansas .................................................................... 681 27 65 45 544 29 207 91 216

Kentucky ................................................................. 920 29 76 47 767 44 330 130 264

Louisiana ................................................................ 968 33 86 51 799 40 365 112 281

Maine ...................................................................... 316 14 25 20 257 21 102 52 82

Maryland ................................................................. 1,321 47 101 95 1,077 57 497 160 364

Massachusetts ........................................................ 1,571 61 122 94 1,295 80 620 196 398

Michigan ................................................................. 2,466 83 194 129 2,059 99 812 360 788

Minnesota ............................................................... 1,321 53 118 87 1,064 69 385 209 401

Mississippi .............................................................. 614 22 46 32 513 21 247 75 170

Missouri .................................................................. 1,374 55 109 86 1,125 63 500 212 350

Montana .................................................................. 218 12 19 14 173 12 66 26 68

Nebraska ................................................................ 459 19 40 23 376 20 115 64 177

Nevada ................................................................... 457 9 31 24 392 17 221 53 101

New Hampshire ...................................................... 324 11 27 17 269 17 95 57 99

New Jersey ............................................................. 2,050 56 157 105 1,732 122 835 246 529

New Mexico ............................................................ 404 13 36 29 327 24 157 44 102

New York ................................................................ 4,241 134 361 216 3,529 309 1,699 487 1,033

North Carolina ........................................................ 1,917 50 149 94 1,625 101 771 269 484

North Dakota .......................................................... 173 8 17 9 140 8 48 21 63

Ohio ........................................................................ 2,801 90 236 160 2,315 113 984 408 811

Oklahoma ............................................................... 802 28 71 52 652 39 284 99 229

Oregon .................................................................... 868 34 77 51 706 42 298 129 238

Pennsylvania .......................................................... 2,899 109 267 167 2,356 141 1,042 382 791

Rhode Island .......................................................... 237 8 22 17 190 13 85 33 58

South Carolina ........................................................ 941 23 65 46 807 38 421 117 231

South Dakota .......................................................... 193 8 16 9 160 9 53 28 70

Tennessee .............................................................. 1,290 43 117 70 1,060 71 450 187 352

Texas ...................................................................... 5,000 138 402 273 4,186 251 1,804 656 1,474

Utah ........................................................................ 540 26 55 30 430 20 192 71 147

Vermont .................................................................. 153 7 13 10 124 9 44 25 46

Virginia .................................................................... 1,686 51 124 100 1,410 81 623 228 478

Washington ............................................................. 1,511 58 123 97 1,234 70 575 207 382

West Virginia .......................................................... 385 14 34 22 314 17 151 51 95

Wisconsin ............................................................... 1,435 64 111 76 1,185 75 437 237 436

Wyoming ................................................................. 125 5 11 6 103 5 42 15 42

Women

Alabama ................................................................. 892 53 137 95 606 74 350 89 93

Alaska ..................................................................... 125 10 21 14 80 13 38 13 16

Arizona ................................................................... 868 47 135 86 600 72 325 83 120

Arkansas ................................................................. 512 31 90 54 338 44 195 43 56

California ................................................................ 6,281 383 1,095 647 4,156 460 2,356 566 775

Colorado ................................................................. 914 71 150 89 604 79 294 106 125

Connecticut ............................................................. 754 55 130 83 485 92 244 74 75

Delaware ................................................................ 170 11 26 16 118 17 65 16 20

District of Columbia ................................................ 115 5 13 11 86 8 53 10 16

Florida ..................................................................... 3,000 148 449 259 2,144 263 1,223 292 366

Georgia ................................................................... 1,644 71 233 137 1,204 121 709 182 192

Hawaii ..................................................................... 260 17 50 29 165 15 100 17 33

Idaho ....................................................................... 253 26 47 27 153 25 69 27 32

Illinois ...................................................................... 2,553 171 435 239 1,708 252 918 236 302

Indiana .................................................................... 1,294 105 223 136 830 126 402 147 154

Iowa ........................................................................ 692 60 129 67 437 72 203 83 78

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. States: Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Population group and State Total at

work

Hours of work

1 to 14

hours

15 to 29

hours

30 to 34

hours

35 hours and over

Total 35 to 39

hours

40

hours

41 to 48

hours

49 hours

and over

Women–Continued

Kansas .................................................................... 587 55 99 60 373 52 174 68 80

Kentucky ................................................................. 805 64 132 80 529 90 271 81 88

Louisiana ................................................................ 846 55 134 81 576 86 355 62 72

Maine ...................................................................... 277 23 55 31 169 31 81 29 27

Maryland ................................................................. 1,213 73 200 121 820 103 443 109 165

Massachusetts ........................................................ 1,405 98 269 151 888 141 445 138 164

Michigan ................................................................. 2,091 160 396 214 1,320 179 687 218 235

Minnesota ............................................................... 1,112 95 215 131 670 94 306 125 145

Mississippi .............................................................. 528 27 69 45 387 44 249 48 45

Missouri .................................................................. 1,270 98 196 123 853 117 426 145 164

Montana .................................................................. 190 20 38 20 112 17 55 17 23

Nebraska ................................................................ 388 37 65 38 247 30 112 52 53

Nevada ................................................................... 357 17 48 34 257 24 162 34 37

New Hampshire ...................................................... 273 20 52 32 169 31 72 31 35

New Jersey ............................................................. 1,754 111 329 159 1,155 210 639 129 176

New Mexico ............................................................ 328 26 57 35 212 26 113 31 43

New York ................................................................ 3,630 244 665 323 2,398 549 1,210 275 364

North Carolina ........................................................ 1,655 88 224 152 1,190 147 699 179 165

North Dakota .......................................................... 151 13 30 18 90 14 44 14 18

Ohio ........................................................................ 2,394 172 439 227 1,556 218 796 262 279

Oklahoma ............................................................... 666 56 102 61 448 57 242 70 78

Oregon .................................................................... 693 65 131 64 434 63 214 72 84

Pennsylvania .......................................................... 2,527 205 494 240 1,588 271 814 247 255

Rhode Island .......................................................... 216 13 43 26 134 24 68 19 23

South Carolina ........................................................ 816 40 111 65 600 70 353 84 93

South Dakota .......................................................... 172 18 32 16 106 14 49 19 23

Tennessee .............................................................. 1,158 68 169 105 816 114 419 141 143

Texas ...................................................................... 3,955 233 624 337 2,760 322 1,512 417 509

Utah ........................................................................ 429 41 94 43 251 28 141 38 44

Vermont .................................................................. 145 14 27 16 87 14 34 17 21

Virginia .................................................................... 1,468 86 215 147 1,021 140 550 151 180

Washington ............................................................. 1,203 102 233 125 743 94 379 128 142

Wisconsin ............................................................... 1,268 98 242 138 790 131 348 161 150

Wyoming ................................................................. 101 9 17 10 64 9 33 9 13

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Alabama ................................................................. 107 17 44 9 37 11 18 5 3

Alaska ..................................................................... 15 35261211

Arizona ................................................................... 119 16 46 17 41 10 21 5 3

Arkansas ................................................................. 60 9 24 6 20 4 12 2 2

California ................................................................ 566 115 235 62 153 31 86 20 16

Colorado ................................................................. 106 25 38 11 31 7 14 5 6

Connecticut ............................................................. 82 23 37 6 163912

Delaware ................................................................ 18 462714 1 ( ) 1

District of Columbia ................................................ 3 1 1 1 ( ) 1 1 ( ) 1 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Florida ..................................................................... 290 40 119 31 100 27 56 9 7

Georgia ................................................................... 197 30 87 17 63 13 36 6 8

Hawaii ..................................................................... 20 3 1115221 1 ( )

Idaho ....................................................................... 46 11 16 5 144722

Illinois ...................................................................... 322 72 127 28 96 21 52 11 12

Indiana .................................................................... 166 50 56 13 47 12 19 9 7

Iowa ........................................................................ 91 24 41 5 213737

Kansas .................................................................... 91 22 35 8 26 6 11 4 6

Kentucky ................................................................. 97 17 44 9 27 8 11 3 5

Louisiana ................................................................ 89 15 35 11 28 6 14 3 6

Maine ...................................................................... 33 8 11 3 113621

Maryland ................................................................. 105 27 40 10 28 3 18 3 3

Massachusetts ........................................................ 154 46 62 13 33 6 16 5 6

Michigan ................................................................. 305 71 128 27 79 13 41 12 14

Minnesota ............................................................... 183 43 80 16 44 10 20 7 7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. States: Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Population group and State Total at

work

Hours of work

1 to 14

hours

15 to 29

hours

30 to 34

hours

35 hours and over

Total 35 to 39

hours

40

hours

41 to 48

hours

49 hours

and over

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years–Continued

Mississippi .............................................................. 50 8 22 5 14 4 8 1 ( ) 2

Missouri .................................................................. 140 31 48 12 49 10 24 7 8

Montana .................................................................. 23 68371411

Nebraska ................................................................ 59 17 22 5 162724

Nevada ................................................................... 48 4 14 6 23 3 15 3 2

New Hampshire ...................................................... 32 9 12381521

New Jersey ............................................................. 167 40 73 11 43 9 25 4 4

New Mexico ............................................................ 35 6 12 4 133822

New York ................................................................ 313 86 128 16 82 16 47 7 12

North Carolina ........................................................ 192 32 83 19 58 14 33 6 6

North Dakota .......................................................... 25 6 10271312

Ohio ........................................................................ 295 71 120 28 76 15 38 10 12

Oklahoma ............................................................... 78 14 32 9 23 3 14 3 4

Oregon .................................................................... 83 18 30 7 27 5 16 4 3

Pennsylvania .......................................................... 291 70 121 24 75 18 39 10 8

Rhode Island .......................................................... 26 6 13161411

South Carolina ........................................................ 88 14 36 7 31 5 19 4 2

South Dakota .......................................................... 30 8 9 2 112423

Tennessee .............................................................. 128 20 49 10 49 10 23 7 9

Texas ...................................................................... 437 63 174 54 146 31 70 23 21

Utah ........................................................................ 90 18 37 8 28 5 17 3 4

Vermont .................................................................. 18 57151211

Virginia .................................................................... 129 24 48 12 45 9 28 3 5

Washington ............................................................. 150 33 60 14 43 6 25 7 6

West Virginia .......................................................... 29 7 13271321

Wisconsin ............................................................... 181 45 71 16 49 10 23 8 7

Wyoming ................................................................. 16 46241211

White

Alabama ................................................................. 1,490 72 175 106 1,137 90 534 189 325

Alaska ..................................................................... 230 15 28 19 168 19 69 27 52

Arizona ................................................................... 1,825 76 216 141 1,392 119 693 203 377

Arkansas ................................................................. 931 51 122 73 686 56 333 103 193

Colorado ................................................................. 1,873 106 226 144 1,397 136 576 258 427

Connecticut ............................................................. 1,352 76 174 105 998 115 436 166 280

Delaware ................................................................ 267 15 33 19 200 21 95 31 53

District of Columbia ................................................ 95 3 10 9 74 7 29 11 27

Florida ..................................................................... 5,509 229 621 377 4,282 341 2,132 628 1,181

Georgia ................................................................... 2,502 94 272 151 1,986 141 942 330 573

Hawaii ..................................................................... 149 10 24 13 103 9 50 13 30

Idaho ....................................................................... 558 41 75 44 398 40 167 68 123

Illinois ...................................................................... 4,733 243 573 355 3,562 321 1,612 578 1,051

Indiana .................................................................... 2,644 154 320 211 1,958 181 812 361 605

Iowa ........................................................................ 1,398 89 186 103 1,020 104 391 206 319

Kansas .................................................................... 1,153 79 145 96 834 77 335 145 276

Kentucky ................................................................. 1,580 86 187 119 1,189 120 546 194 329

Louisiana ................................................................ 1,311 63 158 94 997 87 477 134 299

Maine ...................................................................... 586 37 79 50 419 52 178 81 108

Maryland ................................................................. 1,850 98 237 151 1,364 114 626 206 418

Massachusetts ........................................................ 2,763 152 370 231 2,011 210 942 323 535

Michigan ................................................................. 3,960 224 518 303 2,915 248 1,214 525 927

Minnesota ............................................................... 2,320 143 313 210 1,654 156 648 324 527

Mississippi .............................................................. 767 34 77 47 608 38 305 95 170

Missouri .................................................................. 2,397 141 277 189 1,790 164 813 332 481

Montana .................................................................. 385 30 55 31 268 27 112 42 88

Nebraska ................................................................ 800 53 101 58 588 48 209 109 222

Nevada ................................................................... 719 24 70 52 573 36 329 81 127

New Hampshire ...................................................... 579 29 77 49 424 47 161 86 130

New Jersey ............................................................. 3,117 147 412 220 2,339 273 1,131 320 615

New Mexico ............................................................ 659 37 83 56 482 45 234 69 134

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. States: Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Population group and State Total at

work

Hours of work

1 to 14

hours

15 to 29

hours

30 to 34

hours

35 hours and over

Total 35 to 39

hours

40

hours

41 to 48

hours

49 hours

and over

White–Continued

New York ................................................................ 6,250 313 834 439 4,665 627 2,209 649 1,180

North Carolina ........................................................ 2,756 113 295 193 2,154 186 1,062 361 546

North Dakota .......................................................... 313 20 45 26 222 22 87 34 79

Ohio ........................................................................ 4,632 240 602 340 3,450 291 1,548 615 995

Oklahoma ............................................................... 1,244 73 148 94 929 80 431 147 271

Oregon .................................................................... 1,457 92 196 109 1,060 100 468 192 300

Pennsylvania .......................................................... 4,928 294 699 377 3,559 365 1,617 595 981

Rhode Island .......................................................... 423 20 62 39 303 35 141 50 76

South Carolina ........................................................ 1,300 50 122 79 1,050 66 552 161 270

South Dakota .......................................................... 346 25 46 23 252 22 94 45 91

Tennessee .............................................................. 1,962 95 231 145 1,492 150 650 274 417

Texas ...................................................................... 7,638 324 884 512 5,919 502 2,718 956 1,743

Utah ........................................................................ 926 65 143 69 649 46 310 106 187

Vermont .................................................................. 294 21 39 26 207 23 77 41 65

Virginia .................................................................... 2,453 115 268 186 1,884 165 860 308 551

Washington ............................................................. 2,479 148 325 203 1,803 152 851 313 487

West Virginia .......................................................... 688 38 87 54 509 50 257 76 125

Wisconsin ............................................................... 2,561 158 335 203 1,865 189 725 383 569

Wyoming ................................................................. 220 14 27 16 163 13 73 23 54

Black

Alabama ................................................................. 446 16 52 46 332 32 203 34 63

Alaska ..................................................................... 9 1 ( ) 1 1 7 1 4 1 1

Arizona ................................................................... 74 1 10 6 57 6 30 6 15

Arkansas ................................................................. 145 5 19 15 107 12 67 11 16

California ................................................................ 823 21 97 69 636 46 414 66 108

Colorado ................................................................. 65 3 10 6 47 2 25 8 12

Connecticut ............................................................. 179 5 19 14 141 25 78 18 21

Delaware ................................................................ 73 2 5 4 61 6 38 6 11

District of Columbia ................................................ 129 4 12 12 101 7 70 9 15

Florida ..................................................................... 859 24 102 62 671 69 437 68 97

Georgia ................................................................... 1,010 29 86 71 824 57 520 121 126

Hawaii ..................................................................... 10 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 8 1 ( ) 4 1 3

Illinois ...................................................................... 682 23 83 45 531 56 364 41 69

Indiana .................................................................... 184 6 17 12 150 14 92 16 28

Iowa ........................................................................ 34 2 5 5 22 2 11 3 6

Kansas .................................................................... 74 2 11 6 56 3 30 10 13

Kentucky ................................................................. 128 4 20 8 96 13 50 15 18

Louisiana ................................................................ 472 23 58 37 353 35 233 36 49

Maryland ................................................................. 588 19 56 61 453 41 274 56 82

Massachusetts ........................................................ 131 5 13 11 102 8 68 7 18

Michigan ................................................................. 483 13 62 35 373 23 235 42 73

Minnesota ............................................................... 58 2 11 4 41 4 21 4 11

Mississippi .............................................................. 362 14 36 29 283 26 188 28 41

Missouri .................................................................. 215 11 24 16 164 14 99 22 29

Nebraska ................................................................ 22 1 2 1 181836

Nevada ................................................................... 46 2 5 3 36 2 27 2 5

New Hampshire ...................................................... 7 1 ( ) 1 1 5 1 1 1 2

New Jersey ............................................................. 501 16 57 35 393 47 250 39 57

New Mexico ............................................................ 11 1 ( ) 1 1 8 1 ( ) 5 1 2

New York ................................................................ 1,146 52 142 76 877 179 513 67 117

North Carolina ........................................................ 696 21 63 45 567 54 357 70 86

Ohio ........................................................................ 477 18 61 41 358 35 205 43 75

Oklahoma ............................................................... 104 4 11 11 78 9 43 11 14

Oregon .................................................................... 27 2 3 2 20 1 11 2 5

Pennsylvania .......................................................... 398 14 49 25 309 42 195 25 47

Rhode Island .......................................................... 24 1 3 3 162923

South Carolina ........................................................ 442 13 52 30 346 41 214 39 52

South Dakota .......................................................... 3 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 3 1 ( ) 1 1 1

Tennessee .............................................................. 461 16 54 28 364 31 210 50 73

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. States: Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Population group and State Total at

work

Hours of work

1 to 14

hours

15 to 29

hours

30 to 34

hours

35 hours and over

Total 35 to 39

hours

40

hours

41 to 48

hours

49 hours

and over

Black–Continued

Texas ...................................................................... 992 39 117 76 760 60 472 86 142

Utah ........................................................................ 5 1 ( ) 1 1 ( ) 5 1 ( ) 2 1 2

Virginia .................................................................... 602 20 64 52 466 51 267 60 88

Washington ............................................................. 48 2 6 6 35 1 26 2 5

West Virginia .......................................................... 14 1 2 1 10172 1 ( )

Wisconsin ............................................................... 93 3 10 8 71 9 43 9 11

Wyoming ................................................................. 2 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 1 ( ) 1 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Hispanic origin

Alabama ................................................................. 17 1 2 1 ( ) 13 1 ( ) 7 2 3

Alaska ..................................................................... 5 1 ( ) 1 1 ( ) 4 1 ( ) 1 1 1

Arizona ................................................................... 512 16 57 41 398 34 251 46 68

Arkansas ................................................................. 20 1 2 2 162825

California ................................................................ 3,868 138 468 334 2,928 249 1,886 348 445

Colorado ................................................................. 251 9 33 20 189 23 100 32 34

Connecticut ............................................................. 97 4 11 8 74 8 45 8 12

Delaware ................................................................ 10 11171412

District of Columbia ................................................ 15 1 ( ) 2 1 12 1 7 1 3

Florida ..................................................................... 1,112 29 124 78 881 60 549 100 172

Georgia ................................................................... 73 2 7 4 59 7 30 7 15

Hawaii ..................................................................... 13 13181413

Idaho ....................................................................... 37 1 3 3 30 5 15 4 5

Illinois ...................................................................... 480 9 44 31 396 19 267 43 67

Indiana .................................................................... 54 1 4 2 48 4 20 9 14

Iowa ........................................................................ 20 1 3 1 152724

Kansas .................................................................... 52 3 6 6 37 3 20 6 8

Kentucky ................................................................. 18 2 2 1 131714

Louisiana ................................................................ 41 1 7 4 30 3 14 3 11

Maryland ................................................................. 116 4 14 7 90 6 59 8 17

Massachusetts ........................................................ 113 3 12 10 88 10 58 11 10

Michigan ................................................................. 116 5 14 12 85 6 50 13 16

Minnesota ............................................................... 54 2 7 9 36 7 17 6 6

Mississippi .............................................................. 19 1 1 2 151735

Missouri .................................................................. 43 2 6 1 33 4 17 2 10

Montana .................................................................. 7 12141211

Nebraska ................................................................ 27 1 2 2 21 2 12 2 5

Nevada ................................................................... 104 2 7 8 87 5 67 7 8

New Hampshire ...................................................... 7 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 6 1 3 1 1

New Jersey ............................................................. 409 15 48 30 317 32 195 32 57

New Mexico ............................................................ 270 11 33 29 197 22 112 24 38

New York ................................................................ 1,009 30 128 63 789 102 467 80 139

North Carolina ........................................................ 99 3 8 8 79 6 50 8 15

North Dakota .......................................................... 3 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 1 ( ) 1 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Ohio ........................................................................ 71 2 6 5 57 5 32 10 10

Oklahoma ............................................................... 38 2 3 3 30 2 15 7 6

Oregon .................................................................... 117 3 12 10 92 11 51 10 19

Pennsylvania .......................................................... 106 4 16 7 80 9 41 13 17

Rhode Island .......................................................... 24 1 3 1 19 1 12 3 3

South Carolina ........................................................ 30 1 ( ) 2 3 26 1 18 2 5

South Dakota .......................................................... 3 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 2 1 ( ) 1 1 ( ) 1

Tennessee .............................................................. 28 1 2 1 25 1 11 5 8

Texas ...................................................................... 2,425 78 302 175 1,869 182 1,042 269 376

Utah ........................................................................ 58 2 4 3 49 3 30 6 9

Vermont .................................................................. 2 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Virginia .................................................................... 101 2 10 10 79 6 44 10 19

Washington ............................................................. 120 2 17 10 91 7 55 12 16

Wisconsin ............................................................... 65 1 6 5 53 3 30 9 11

Wyoming ................................................................. 11 1 ( ) 1 1 8 1 ( ) 5 1 2

1 Less than 500 persons.

 NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not

meet BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based

on the sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals

or compute to displayed percentages because of rounding. Detail for race

and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the

"other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both

the white and black population groups. Data on average hours are not

available.
Table 19. States: Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by sex, race, reason for working less than 35 hours, and usual status, 1997 annual averages

(In thousands)

Population group and State

Usually work full time Usually work part time

Total

Slack

work or

business

conditions

Vacation

or

personal

day

Holiday,

legal or

religious

Weatherrelated

curtailment

Other

reasons1Total

Slack

work or

business

conditions

Could

only find

part-time

work

Childcare

problems

Other

family or

personal

obligations

In

school

or

training

Retired

or Social

Security

limit on

earnings

Other

reasons2

TOTAL

Alabama ............................... 188 20 55 19 10 84 287 15 16 11 58 93 35 60

Alaska ................................... 30 3 9 4 1 13 46 4 7 1 14 9 2 8

Arizona ................................. 144 24 46 12 5 57 329 25 20 17 68 98 31 71

Arkansas ............................... 108 15 26 4 20 43 181 9 13 3 36 56 21 42

California .............................. 1,162 185 371 107 35 463 2,530 263 218 81 545 738 146 540

Colorado ............................... 172 16 72 9 6 69 336 19 16 9 92 98 24 79

Connecticut ........................... 100 7 32 15 4 42 297 12 26 17 83 83 25 51

Delaware .............................. 26 3 9 2 1 11 55 2 4 2 12 14 7 13

District of Columbia .............. 24 1 8 6 3 ( ) 9 26 2 5 3 ( ) 3 7 3 6

Florida ................................... 469 59 136 33 20 221 971 68 63 44 154 246 113 283

Georgia ................................. 274 36 91 16 14 116 437 23 32 11 99 135 39 98

Hawaii ................................... 50 6 12 18 1 13 105 13 12 3 21 31 9 18

Idaho ..................................... 49 9 18 3 1 19 114 5 7 2 33 33 9 25

Illinois .................................... 402 39 147 39 41 136 951 50 60 45 229 299 89 179

Indiana .................................. 235 25 82 9 29 89 488 18 30 16 116 148 47 113

Iowa ...................................... 119 14 41 4 9 52 278 9 13 5 82 99 29 41

Kansas .................................. 110 8 44 6 7 46 241 6 17 4 62 96 23 35

Kentucky ............................... 149 13 45 5 14 72 279 7 23 12 63 81 26 68

Louisiana .............................. 161 17 40 32 16 56 280 21 26 7 53 85 24 63

Maine .................................... 52 6 14 9 2 21 115 7 10 6 30 26 13 24

Maryland ............................... 230 16 70 41 7 95 407 17 47 13 102 108 44 77

Massachusetts ...................... 232 18 68 61 4 80 563 19 36 39 157 157 54 101

Michigan ............................... 316 39 129 11 24 113 861 34 54 27 215 286 68 177

Minnesota ............................. 211 16 101 6 7 80 487 20 30 9 125 156 49 97

Mississippi ............................ 87 13 26 5 9 33 155 8 14 5 25 54 13 35

Missouri ................................ 265 24 87 15 38 101 402 15 21 15 102 126 44 79

Montana ................................ 39 6 12 4 3 14 84 5 6 1 21 23 8 19

Nebraska .............................. 63 7 25 3 4 24 160 5 8 2 40 55 17 33

Nevada ................................. 58 10 19 4 3 ( ) 24 107 11 6 2 22 25 7 34

New Hampshire .................... 46 3 18 8 2 16 113 5 6 6 33 30 12 20

New Jersey ........................... 287 23 104 40 5 114 631 27 52 31 156 173 61 131

New Mexico .......................... 62 9 15 5 7 25 133 10 14 3 27 31 11 37

New York .............................. 567 42 186 115 16 208 1,377 87 142 68 298 345 113 325

North Carolina ...................... 275 49 77 15 20 114 483 19 26 18 82 161 53 124

North Dakota ........................ 31 2 9 2 7 12 63 2 4 1 16 23 6 12

Ohio ...................................... 385 39 138 25 18 166 939 40 62 38 246 272 85 197

Oklahoma ............................. 127 13 45 7 10 53 242 13 17 8 46 64 33 59

Oregon .................................. 135 26 49 5 2 54 286 20 23 8 64 66 27 79

Pennsylvania ........................ 424 45 171 30 18 160 1,058 55 92 36 285 273 109 209

Rhode Island ........................ 42 5 10 16 1 11 87 4 9 6 15 26 9 18

South Carolina ...................... 116 16 38 4 7 50 234 8 20 9 40 69 16 71

South Dakota ........................ 29 2 10 2 5 10 71 2 3 1 16 26 8 14

Tennessee ............................ 223 24 61 9 18 111 349 15 23 7 81 106 42 76

Texas .................................... 744 90 190 28 111 324 1,264 80 100 38 249 383 92 322

Utah ...................................... 74 7 34 5 2 25 214 10 8 11 57 89 12 27

Vermont ................................ 25 3 10 2 1 9 62 3 4 2 20 15 7 11

Virginia .................................. 284 26 102 31 16 109 439 29 32 17 104 110 52 95

Washington ........................... 231 25 85 16 12 94 506 32 37 11 127 140 27 133

West Virginia ........................ 59 8 17 6 6 22 125 7 19 2 26 29 11 30

Wisconsin ............................. 216 25 95 2 17 77 513 22 29 10 149 164 55 83

Wyoming ............................... 16 2 5 1 1 6 44 3 4 3 ( ) 13 13 4 6

Men

Alabama ............................... 93 12 28 6 9 37 97 4 4 3 ( ) 2 50 21 17

Alaska ................................... 15 2 4 2 3 ( ) 6 15 2 3 3 ( ) 1 5 1 3

Arizona ................................. 82 17 26 7 4 29 123 12 7 3 ( ) 4 53 20 27

Arkansas ............................... 53 7 13 2 13 19 61 3 4 3 ( ) 1 26 12 14

California .............................. 621 120 193 50 32 227 946 132 95 9 41 369 91 209

Colorado ............................... 86 8 36 4 5 32 113 9 7 3 ( ) 5 46 17 29

Connecticut ........................... 45 4 14 6 3 17 83 4 11 3 ( ) 3 36 15 14

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. States: Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by sex, race, reason for working less than 35 hours, and usual status, 1997 annual averages

— Continued

(In thousands)

Population group and State

Usually work full time Usually work part time

Total

Slack

work or

business

conditions

Vacation

or

personal

day

Holiday,

legal or

religious

Weatherrelated

curtailment

Other

reasons1

Total

Slack

work or

business

conditions

Could

only find

part-time

work

Childcare

problems

Other

family or

personal

obligations

In

school

or

training

Retired

or Social

Security

limit on

earnings

Other

reasons2

Men–Continued

Delaware .............................. 12 2 4 1 1 5 16 1 2 3 ( ) 1 6 3 4

District of Columbia .............. 11 1 4 3 3 ( ) 4 10 1 3 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 1 2

Florida ................................... 234 40 64 13 19 98 350 30 23 1 11 114 71 101

Georgia ................................. 136 23 41 8 14 50 134 11 13 3 ( ) 5 51 21 32

Hawaii ................................... 25 4 6 9 1 5 34 6 4 3 ( ) 2 11 4 7

Idaho ..................................... 26 6 10 1 1 9 37 2 3 3 ( ) 2 16 5 9

Illinois .................................... 203 29 74 14 25 61 304 28 25 3 ( ) 7 134 48 61

Indiana .................................. 118 15 42 6 15 40 141 7 7 1 3 61 26 36

Iowa ...................................... 60 8 19 2 6 26 82 2 3 3 ( ) 3 48 15 10

Kansas .................................. 57 4 23 2 5 22 80 2 8 3 ( ) 3 48 9 10

Kentucky ............................... 74 8 20 3 11 32 78 3 9 3 ( ) 1 30 15 20

Louisiana .............................. 80 10 20 13 13 24 90 8 6 3 ( ) 1 41 14 20

Maine .................................... 27 5 8 4 2 9 32 3 4 1 1 10 7 7

Maryland ............................... 110 11 33 21 6 39 133 10 13 3 ( ) 4 53 27 26

Massachusetts ...................... 117 11 36 28 2 40 159 11 14 3 ( ) 4 73 32 24

Michigan ............................... 161 27 69 5 14 46 246 17 14 1 4 129 33 48

Minnesota ............................. 106 10 52 2 5 37 151 10 11 3 ( ) 3 66 32 28

Mississippi ............................ 46 6 14 3 9 14 54 4 4 3 ( ) 2 24 8 11

Missouri ................................ 132 16 43 7 22 44 118 6 10 3 ( ) 4 52 23 24

Montana ................................ 21 4 6 2 3 7 24 2 2 3 ( ) 1 10 4 6

Nebraska .............................. 32 4 15 1 3 10 50 2 3 3 ( ) 2 26 8 9

Nevada ................................. 30 7 9 2 3 ( ) 12 35 4 2 3 ( ) 1 13 5 11

New Hampshire .................... 23 2 9 3 1 7 33 2 2 3 ( ) 1 15 6 7

New Jersey ........................... 140 13 52 18 4 52 179 11 18 3 ( ) 4 73 33 39

New Mexico .......................... 33 7 8 3 4 11 45 5 4 3 ( ) 3 14 5 11

New York .............................. 268 23 90 51 10 94 444 39 63 2 14 155 64 108

North Carolina ...................... 127 30 33 5 13 46 165 9 8 3 ( ) 5 72 29 43

North Dakota ........................ 14 1 4 1 3 5 19 1 2 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 10 3 3

Ohio ...................................... 207 24 74 14 14 81 278 21 29 3 ( ) 12 120 39 57

Oklahoma ............................. 69 8 24 4 9 24 81 7 7 3 ( ) 4 23 21 18

Oregon .................................. 75 19 31 2 2 21 87 8 9 3 ( ) 2 29 15 25

Pennsylvania ........................ 222 25 95 15 14 72 321 24 38 1 7 124 62 64

Rhode Island ........................ 20 3 5 7 1 4 27 2 3 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 11 6 5

South Carolina ...................... 58 9 22 2 6 20 76 3 6 1 3 30 8 25

South Dakota ........................ 12 1 4 1 2 4 21 1 1 3 ( ) 1 10 4 4

Tennessee ............................ 110 10 26 4 14 56 120 6 9 3 ( ) 3 55 24 23

Texas .................................... 386 63 94 13 71 146 427 45 35 3 ( ) 11 173 47 117

Utah ...................................... 39 4 18 3 2 12 71 4 3 3 ( ) 3 42 8 12

Vermont ................................ 13 2 5 1 1 4 16 1 2 3 ( ) 1 6 3 3

Virginia .................................. 146 15 55 14 13 48 130 8 8 3 ( ) 3 53 28 30

Washington ........................... 124 15 48 7 10 43 154 14 12 3 ( ) 4 63 16 45

West Virginia ........................ 31 5 9 3 6 10 39 3 7 3 ( ) 1 11 7 10

Wisconsin ............................. 96 12 46 2 7 29 154 8 10 3 ( ) 4 72 32 27

Wyoming ............................... 8 1 3 3 ( ) 1 3 14 2 1 3 ( ) 1 6 2 2

Women

Alabama ............................... 95 8 27 12 1 47 190 11 12 11 56 43 15 43

Alaska ................................... 14 1 4 2 3 ( ) 7 31 2 4 1 13 4 1 5

Arizona ................................. 62 8 20 5 3 ( ) 28 206 13 13 16 64 45 11 44

Arkansas ............................... 55 7 13 2 8 25 119 5 9 3 34 30 10 28

California .............................. 540 64 179 58 3 236 1,584 131 123 72 504 369 55 331

Colorado ............................... 87 8 36 5 1 37 223 9 9 9 86 52 7 50

Connecticut ........................... 55 3 18 8 1 25 214 8 15 17 80 47 10 38

Delaware .............................. 14 1 5 1 3 ( ) 6 39 1 2 2 12 8 4 10

District of Columbia .............. 13 3 ( ) 4 3 3 ( ) 5 16 1 2 3 ( ) 3 4 2 4

Florida ................................... 235 19 73 20 1 123 621 38 40 43 143 133 42 182

Georgia ................................. 137 13 50 9 3 ( ) 65 303 12 20 11 94 84 17 66

Hawaii ................................... 25 2 6 9 3 ( ) 8 71 6 8 3 19 20 4 11

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. States: Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by sex, race, reason for working less than 35 hours, and usual status, 1997 annual averages

— Continued

(In thousands)

Population group and State

Usually work full time Usually work part time

Total

Slack

work or

business

conditions

Vacation

or

personal

day

Holiday,

legal or

religious

Weatherrelated

curtailment

Other

reasons1

Total

Slack

work or

business

conditions

Could

only find

part-time

work

Childcare

problems

Other

family or

personal

obligations

In

school

or

training

Retired

or Social

Security

limit on

earnings

Other

reasons2

Women–Continued

Idaho ..................................... 23 3 9 2 3 ( ) 10 77 3 4 2 31 17 4 16

Illinois .................................... 198 11 73 24 16 75 646 22 35 44 222 165 41 117

Indiana .................................. 117 11 40 3 14 49 347 11 22 15 112 87 21 78

Iowa ...................................... 59 6 22 2 3 26 196 7 10 4 79 51 14 31

Kansas .................................. 53 4 21 3 2 24 161 4 8 4 59 48 14 24

Kentucky ............................... 74 5 24 2 2 40 201 4 14 12 62 52 11 47

Louisiana .............................. 81 7 20 19 3 32 189 13 20 7 52 45 9 43

Maine .................................... 25 2 6 5 3 ( ) 12 83 4 6 5 29 16 6 17

Maryland ............................... 119 5 38 20 1 55 274 7 34 12 98 55 17 51

Massachusetts ...................... 114 7 32 33 2 41 403 8 21 39 153 84 22 77

Michigan ............................... 155 13 59 6 10 67 616 17 40 26 211 157 35 130

Minnesota ............................. 105 7 49 4 2 43 337 10 19 9 122 90 17 69

Mississippi ............................ 40 6 11 2 1 20 101 4 10 5 23 30 6 24

Missouri ................................ 133 9 44 8 16 56 284 9 11 15 98 74 21 55

Montana ................................ 18 2 6 2 3 ( ) 7 60 3 5 1 20 13 4 14

Nebraska .............................. 31 3 11 2 2 14 110 4 5 2 38 29 8 24

Nevada ................................. 28 4 10 3 3 ( ) 12 72 6 4 2 21 12 3 23

New Hampshire .................... 24 1 8 5 3 ( ) 9 80 3 4 6 32 15 6 13

New Jersey ........................... 147 10 52 22 1 62 452 15 34 31 152 100 29 91

New Mexico .......................... 28 2 7 3 3 14 88 4 9 3 23 17 5 26

New York .............................. 299 19 96 64 6 113 933 49 79 66 284 190 48 217

North Carolina ...................... 148 19 44 10 6 68 317 10 18 17 78 89 24 81

North Dakota ........................ 16 1 5 1 3 6 44 1 3 1 15 12 2 9

Ohio ...................................... 177 15 63 11 3 84 661 19 33 38 234 152 45 140

Oklahoma ............................. 57 5 21 2 1 29 161 6 10 8 42 41 11 41

Oregon .................................. 60 7 18 3 3 ( ) 33 198 12 14 7 62 37 11 54

Pennsylvania ........................ 202 20 75 15 4 88 737 31 53 35 278 149 47 144

Rhode Island ........................ 22 2 5 8 3 ( ) 7 60 2 6 6 14 15 4 12

South Carolina ...................... 57 7 16 2 1 31 159 5 14 9 38 39 8 46

South Dakota ........................ 17 1 6 1 2 6 50 1 2 1 16 15 4 10

Tennessee ............................ 112 14 35 5 4 55 230 9 14 7 78 51 19 53

Texas .................................... 357 27 96 16 40 179 837 35 66 37 238 210 45 206

Utah ...................................... 35 4 16 2 3 ( ) 13 143 6 5 11 55 46 4 15

Vermont ................................ 12 1 5 1 3 ( ) 5 46 2 3 2 19 9 3 7

Virginia .................................. 138 11 47 17 3 60 309 21 24 17 101 57 24 65

Washington ........................... 107 10 37 8 2 51 352 17 25 11 124 77 11 88

West Virginia ........................ 27 3 8 3 1 13 86 4 12 2 25 18 4 20

Wisconsin ............................. 120 14 49 3 ( ) 9 47 359 14 19 10 144 93 23 56

Wyoming ............................... 8 1 2 1 3 ( ) 3 30 2 2 3 ( ) 13 6 2 4

White

Alabama ............................... 133 11 43 13 7 58 226 8 9 9 52 72 30 46

Alaska ................................... 24 3 8 3 3 ( ) 11 40 3 4 1 14 8 2 8

Arizona ................................. 131 23 42 10 5 51 311 22 16 16 64 93 30 70

Arkansas ............................... 90 12 23 2 18 35 159 5 9 3 33 51 20 39

California .............................. 963 158 312 84 31 377 2,175 228 177 73 498 604 131 464

Colorado ............................... 161 14 68 9 6 64 326 18 14 9 92 91 25 76

Connecticut ........................... 90 5 30 13 4 38 269 10 19 14 80 76 24 47

Delaware .............................. 21 2 8 2 1 9 48 2 3 2 11 12 6 11

District of Columbia .............. 11 3 ( ) 5 3 3 ( ) 3 11 3 ( ) 2 3 ( ) 1 3 1 3

Florida ................................... 392 47 121 27 16 181 862 54 47 35 148 212 105 261

Georgia ................................. 195 21 75 13 10 75 330 13 15 10 89 98 32 72

Hawaii ................................... 15 2 5 4 3 ( ) 4 33 4 3 1 8 8 2 7

Idaho ..................................... 48 8 18 3 1 18 116 6 7 2 34 33 9 26

Illinois .................................... 351 37 131 30 40 114 843 39 42 38 219 260 85 159

Indiana .................................. 228 24 80 9 29 86 469 17 27 15 114 139 46 112

Iowa ...................................... 114 13 40 3 8 49 274 9 13 4 85 93 30 41

Kansas .................................. 102 7 42 5 7 42 224 5 14 4 61 85 21 33

Kentucky ............................... 135 12 40 4 14 65 262 6 20 11 61 75 25 63

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. States: Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by sex, race, reason for working less than 35 hours, and usual status, 1997 annual averages

— Continued

(In thousands)

Population group and State

Usually work full time Usually work part time

Total

Slack

work or

business

conditions

Vacation

or

personal

day

Holiday,

legal or

religious

Weatherrelated

curtailment

Other

reasons1

Total

Slack

work or

business

conditions

Could

only find

part-time

work

Childcare

problems

Other

family or

personal

obligations

In

school

or

training

Retired

or Social

Security

limit on

earnings

Other

reasons2

White–Continued

Louisiana .............................. 113 11 32 21 11 39 206 9 13 6 44 68 20 47

Maine .................................... 52 6 14 9 2 20 119 7 10 6 31 26 13 26

Maryland ............................... 158 10 53 25 6 65 341 13 35 11 94 91 34 63

Massachusetts ...................... 217 17 66 57 4 74 553 18 34 38 159 150 54 101

Michigan ............................... 271 32 114 10 21 95 799 29 49 25 208 261 65 161

Minnesota ............................. 202 16 98 6 7 76 483 19 30 8 123 152 49 101

Mississippi ............................ 51 6 18 4 4 18 109 3 5 4 21 39 11 26

Missouri ................................ 234 22 77 13 33 88 384 15 16 14 102 119 43 75

Montana ................................ 37 6 11 3 3 13 83 5 6 1 21 21 8 20

Nebraska .............................. 60 7 24 3 4 22 157 5 8 2 41 52 16 33

Nevada ................................. 50 9 17 4 3 ( ) 20 99 10 5 2 22 21 7 31

New Hampshire .................... 45 3 17 8 2 16 114 6 6 7 34 29 12 21

New Jersey ........................... 236 19 89 32 5 90 556 22 37 27 143 153 58 117

New Mexico .......................... 55 8 14 5 6 23 126 9 13 3 26 29 11 35

New York .............................. 447 33 156 88 14 155 1,168 62 100 64 278 283 103 277

North Carolina ...................... 211 38 62 12 16 83 400 14 16 15 77 132 45 101

North Dakota ........................ 30 2 8 2 6 11 63 2 4 1 16 22 6 12

Ohio ...................................... 329 32 119 21 16 141 877 35 52 34 244 249 80 183

Oklahoma ............................. 108 11 39 6 8 44 213 10 14 7 43 56 30 53

Oregon .................................. 128 24 46 4 2 52 280 19 21 8 65 60 26 81

Pennsylvania ........................ 389 42 159 28 18 143 1,007 51 81 36 279 255 103 203

Rhode Island ........................ 39 5 9 14 1 10 84 4 8 6 14 25 9 17

South Carolina ...................... 76 9 28 3 4 33 180 6 7 8 35 53 14 57

South Dakota ........................ 27 2 10 2 4 9 69 2 3 1 16 25 8 14

Tennessee ............................ 185 20 52 9 17 87 294 12 13 6 75 81 41 66

Texas .................................... 642 79 167 25 102 269 1,112 67 75 34 231 345 87 274

Utah ...................................... 70 7 32 5 2 25 212 10 8 11 57 87 12 27

Vermont ................................ 25 3 10 2 1 9 63 3 5 2 21 15 7 11

Virginia .................................. 217 20 84 22 14 77 363 19 22 14 95 86 47 80

Washington ........................... 209 23 77 14 11 84 485 33 35 11 129 126 27 125

West Virginia ........................ 57 8 16 5 6 21 127 8 20 2 25 30 11 31

Wisconsin ............................. 204 24 91 2 17 71 514 22 28 10 152 160 55 87

Wyoming ............................... 15 2 5 1 1 6 44 3 4 1 14 12 4 7

Black

Alabama ............................... 51 9 10 6 3 24 64 8 7 2 7 21 6 14

Arizona ................................. 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 13 1 2 3 ( ) 2 3 3 ( ) 3

Arkansas ............................... 17 3 3 1 2 8 21 3 4 1 3 5 1 4

California .............................. 69 9 19 9 2 31 122 18 17 4 10 40 4 29

Connecticut ........................... 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 31 2 7 3 4 7 1 6

Delaware .............................. 5 1 1 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 2 8 3 ( ) 1 3 ( ) 1 2 1 2

District of Columbia .............. 13 1 3 3 3 ( ) 6 16 2 4 3 ( ) 1 3 2 3

Florida ................................... 68 10 13 6 5 34 123 16 15 8 8 38 8 30

Georgia ................................. 76 15 16 3 4 39 113 10 18 2 12 39 6 27

Illinois .................................... 44 2 12 8 1 20 110 12 18 5 11 33 4 27

Indiana .................................. 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 28 2 3 1 5 8 2 6

Iowa ...................................... 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 8 3 ( ) 1 3 ( ) 1 4 3 ( ) 2

Kansas .................................. 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 14 3 ( ) 2 3 ( ) 1 5 1 3

Kentucky ............................... 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 21 1 3 1 2 6 3 ( ) 7

Louisiana .............................. 47 6 8 11 5 17 73 13 14 1 8 17 4 17

Maryland ............................... 68 6 16 16 1 29 71 6 12 3 7 18 9 16

Massachusetts ...................... 11 1 1 4 3 ( ) 5 20 2 3 2 3 5 1 5

Michigan ............................... 40 8 14 1 3 15 73 7 7 2 10 22 5 21

Mississippi ............................ 35 6 7 1 5 15 44 5 10 1 4 13 2 9

Missouri ................................ 26 2 6 2 5 11 26 1 5 1 2 8 1 7

Nevada ................................. 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 6 3 ( ) 1 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 2 1 2

New Jersey ........................... 41 4 11 7 3 ( ) 20 69 5 16 2 10 17 4 15

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. States: Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by sex, race, reason for working less than 35 hours, and usual status, 1997 annual averages

— Continued

(In thousands)

Population group and State

Usually work full time Usually work part time

Total

Slack

work or

business

conditions

Vacation

or

personal

day

Holiday,

legal or

religious

Weatherrelated

curtailment

Other

reasons1

Total

Slack

work or

business

conditions

Could

only find

part-time

work

Childcare

problems

Other

family or

personal

obligations

In

school

or

training

Retired

or Social

Security

limit on

earnings

Other

reasons2

Black–Continued

New York .............................. 95 7 21 21 2 44 181 21 39 4 17 48 6 46

North Carolina ...................... 49 8 14 2 3 23 82 5 10 3 6 25 8 24

Ohio ...................................... 49 7 15 4 1 23 73 5 14 5 6 20 5 18

Oklahoma ............................. 9 1 2 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 5 18 3 3 3 ( ) 2 3 3 4

Pennsylvania ........................ 31 4 10 2 3 ( ) 16 60 7 13 1 7 13 7 13

Rhode Island ........................ 3 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 1 3 ( ) 1 4 3 ( ) 1 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 1 3 ( ) 1

South Carolina ...................... 38 6 9 2 4 17 59 3 14 2 5 15 3 17

Tennessee ............................ 36 4 9 1 1 22 63 3 10 2 7 26 3 11

Texas .................................... 81 8 17 2 8 47 156 14 27 4 19 36 5 51

Virginia .................................. 59 6 17 7 2 28 78 10 10 3 9 23 6 18

Wisconsin ............................. 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 15 2 2 1 4 3 1 2

1 Includes seasonal work, job started or ended, own illness, child-care

problems, other family or personal obligations, labor dispute, in school or training,

civic or military duty, and all other reasons. 2 Includes seasonal work, health and medical limitations, full-time workweek

less than 35 hours, and all other reasons.

3 Less than 500 persons. 4 Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS publication

standards of reliability for the particular area, based on the sample in that area. 

See appendix B.

 NOTE: Items may not add to totals because of rounding. 
Table 20. States: Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, 1997 annual averages

(In thousands)

State Total Vacation Child-care

problems1 Own illness Other reasons2

Alabama ............................................................................. 106 45 14 26 22

Alaska ................................................................................. 19 10 2 3 5

Arizona ............................................................................... 71 34 9 18 9

Arkansas ............................................................................. 53 24 6 10 12

California ............................................................................ 592 305 74 112 101

Colorado ............................................................................. 84 46 7 15 16

Connecticut ......................................................................... 82 50 9 8 14

Delaware ............................................................................ 14 8 1 3 2

District of Columbia ............................................................ 9 4 1 2 2

Florida ................................................................................. 254 138 27 52 37

Georgia ............................................................................... 161 91 16 34 21

Hawaii ................................................................................. 26 13 3 6 3

Idaho ................................................................................... 29 15 3 5 5

Illinois .................................................................................. 248 133 28 47 40

Indiana ................................................................................ 133 79 8 27 19

Iowa .................................................................................... 68 39 7 12 11

Kansas ................................................................................ 47 24 4 9 10

Kentucky ............................................................................. 100 50 11 18 20

Louisiana ............................................................................ 85 48 5 15 17

Maine .................................................................................. 30 17 4 5 4

Maryland ............................................................................. 114 64 10 22 18

Massachusetts .................................................................... 153 90 16 27 20

Michigan ............................................................................. 219 120 21 49 30

Minnesota ........................................................................... 106 66 9 12 19

Mississippi .......................................................................... 51 26 5 10 10

Missouri .............................................................................. 121 56 11 31 24

Montana .............................................................................. 22 12 2 3 6

Nebraska ............................................................................ 37 19 4 7 7

Nevada ............................................................................... 34 17 4 6 7

New Hampshire .................................................................. 28 15 3 6 4

New Jersey ......................................................................... 174 99 17 40 18

New Mexico ........................................................................ 36 17 4 6 9

New York ............................................................................ 372 208 30 78 55

North Carolina .................................................................... 132 62 17 32 22

North Dakota ...................................................................... 15 7 1 2 5

Ohio .................................................................................... 253 136 21 59 37

Oklahoma ........................................................................... 66 31 8 12 15

Oregon ................................................................................ 71 33 8 15 15

Pennsylvania ...................................................................... 247 131 20 57 39

Rhode Island ...................................................................... 26 13 3 6 3

South Carolina .................................................................... 69 34 8 16 11

South Dakota ...................................................................... 15 7 2 3 4

Tennessee .......................................................................... 114 53 13 24 25

Texas .................................................................................. 395 201 40 77 77

Utah .................................................................................... 39 20 6 7 6

Vermont .............................................................................. 15 9 1 2 3

Virginia ................................................................................ 117 63 9 20 25

Washington ......................................................................... 132 68 13 20 31

West Virginia ...................................................................... 42 23 3 8 7

Wisconsin ........................................................................... 118 64 11 26 18

Wyoming ............................................................................. 11 7 1 2 2

1 Includes maternity or paternity leave and other family obligations. 2 Includes labor dispute, bad weather, in school or training, civic or military

duty, and all other reasons.

 NOTE: Items may not add to totals because of rounding. 
Table 21. States: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and reason for unemployment,

 1997 annual averages

Population group and State

Total unemployed Job losers and persons who

completed temporary jobs1

Job leavers Reentrants New entrants

Number

(in thousands) Percent Total On temporarylayoff

TOTAL

Alabama ................................................................. 110 100.0 37.2 10.5 14.9 38.3 9.6

Alaska ..................................................................... 25 100.0 50.6 24.6 14.3 32.0 3.1

Arizona ................................................................... 101 100.0 39.4 12.3 14.2 39.9 6.5

Arkansas ................................................................. 64 100.0 41.1 10.2 14.5 34.9 9.4

California ................................................................ 1,006 100.0 48.3 14.0 8.3 32.4 10.9

Colorado ................................................................. 70 100.0 34.9 10.6 14.1 45.9 5.1

Connecticut ............................................................. 88 100.0 47.6 8.5 13.3 32.9 6.2

Delaware ................................................................ 15 100.0 49.9 23.9 13.6 34.1 2.5

District of Columbia ................................................ 20 100.0 44.5 5.2 4.5 44.4 6.6

Florida ..................................................................... 338 100.0 44.0 9.3 14.4 33.5 8.1

Georgia ................................................................... 177 100.0 41.1 12.3 13.4 37.0 8.6

Hawaii ..................................................................... 38 100.0 44.5 10.6 9.9 36.0 9.6

Idaho ....................................................................... 34 100.0 48.5 22.4 12.4 33.0 6.1

Illinois ...................................................................... 288 100.0 47.9 17.4 8.9 33.9 9.3

Indiana .................................................................... 109 100.0 44.4 15.6 14.3 36.0 5.2

Kansas .................................................................... 52 100.0 31.0 5.9 17.1 47.0 4.9

Kentucky ................................................................. 104 100.0 42.2 19.0 13.3 36.3 8.2

Louisiana ................................................................ 124 100.0 45.6 13.8 10.1 31.8 12.4

Maine ...................................................................... 36 100.0 51.0 22.3 11.0 34.7 3.3

Maryland ................................................................. 142 100.0 42.1 11.4 12.2 39.9 5.8

Massachusetts ........................................................ 131 100.0 52.6 16.5 9.7 29.9 7.7

Michigan ................................................................. 210 100.0 46.2 20.9 9.3 37.5 7.0

Minnesota ............................................................... 86 100.0 49.0 20.4 9.7 34.8 6.4

Mississippi .............................................................. 73 100.0 38.8 7.8 14.2 36.3 10.7

Missouri .................................................................. 122 100.0 38.0 10.5 16.7 34.5 10.8

Montana .................................................................. 24 100.0 45.9 20.7 14.4 36.3 3.5

Nevada ................................................................... 36 100.0 44.9 10.4 20.1 30.6 4.4

New Jersey ............................................................. 215 100.0 53.2 13.0 9.0 31.5 6.3

New Mexico ............................................................ 51 100.0 41.8 13.8 12.9 38.4 6.9

New York ................................................................ 564 100.0 47.3 10.8 9.2 33.4 10.1

North Carolina ........................................................ 139 100.0 45.3 10.7 15.4 32.1 7.2

Ohio ........................................................................ 262 100.0 44.1 17.3 12.2 35.9 7.8

Oklahoma ............................................................... 66 100.0 36.3 7.5 17.8 39.6 6.3

Oregon .................................................................... 101 100.0 49.0 20.5 15.5 31.6 4.0

Pennsylvania .......................................................... 311 100.0 49.4 19.5 11.2 30.9 8.5

Rhode Island .......................................................... 27 100.0 51.6 16.0 10.6 30.1 7.7

South Carolina ........................................................ 86 100.0 36.2 8.3 15.1 39.1 9.7

Tennessee .............................................................. 146 100.0 49.1 15.9 9.3 35.3 6.3

Texas ...................................................................... 531 100.0 41.0 8.6 12.4 35.9 10.7

Vermont .................................................................. 13 100.0 47.5 26.7 8.6 36.3 7.5

Virginia .................................................................... 135 100.0 38.2 7.8 13.8 40.3 7.8

Washington ............................................................. 142 100.0 45.5 21.5 15.4 36.2 2.9

West Virginia .......................................................... 55 100.0 40.7 15.8 15.4 29.1 14.8

Wisconsin ............................................................... 108 100.0 49.6 25.2 16.8 28.3 5.3

Wyoming ................................................................. 13 100.0 41.9 16.1 12.6 38.8 6.8

Men

Alabama ................................................................. 51 100.0 39.7 14.4 12.7 39.1 8.4

Alaska ..................................................................... 16 100.0 55.5 26.2 13.4 28.9 2.2

Arizona ................................................................... 51 100.0 51.1 16.5 10.3 32.9 5.7

Arkansas ................................................................. 37 100.0 50.1 12.2 14.2 28.1 7.7

California ................................................................ 556 100.0 55.9 16.2 8.4 26.7 9.0

Connecticut ............................................................. 52 100.0 53.4 9.0 11.6 30.4 4.6

District of Columbia ................................................ 9 100.0 52.4 6.9 6.0 35.1 6.4

Florida ..................................................................... 178 100.0 52.5 11.0 13.4 27.2 6.9

Georgia ................................................................... 85 100.0 44.1 12.4 13.8 33.9 8.2

Hawaii ..................................................................... 22 100.0 62.9 15.9 6.0 23.4 7.8

Idaho ....................................................................... 18 100.0 56.4 30.1 12.6 26.6 4.4

Illinois ...................................................................... 161 100.0 58.9 22.2 7.5 25.8 7.8

Kentucky ................................................................. 47 100.0 55.6 27.9 13.0 24.9 6.4

Louisiana ................................................................ 58 100.0 55.2 19.3 7.1 24.5 13.2

Maine ...................................................................... 20 100.0 55.6 23.9 13.9 26.9 3.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 21. States: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and reason for unemployment,

 1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and State

Total unemployed Job losers and persons who

completed temporary jobs1

Job leavers Reentrants New entrants

Number

(in thousands) Percent Total On temporarylayoff

Men–Continued

Maryland ................................................................. 74 100.0 48.5 15.4 9.1 36.4 5.9

Massachusetts ........................................................ 75 100.0 61.3 19.8 8.6 25.8 4.3

Michigan ................................................................. 111 100.0 55.5 27.3 9.0 30.2 5.3

Mississippi .............................................................. 31 100.0 53.7 8.9 11.8 25.3 9.1

Missouri .................................................................. 69 100.0 44.0 11.2 19.8 22.5 13.7

Montana .................................................................. 15 100.0 57.8 25.7 11.9 27.9 2.5

New Jersey ............................................................. 116 100.0 59.9 12.7 8.8 26.8 4.6

New Mexico ............................................................ 28 100.0 57.1 22.6 11.9 26.5 4.5

New York ................................................................ 296 100.0 55.8 12.8 8.7 26.2 9.2

North Carolina ........................................................ 70 100.0 49.3 12.9 15.8 28.5 6.4

Ohio ........................................................................ 133 100.0 53.2 22.0 13.0 28.8 5.0

Oregon .................................................................... 57 100.0 57.3 22.7 17.8 20.8 4.2

Pennsylvania .......................................................... 170 100.0 58.6 24.2 10.2 24.3 6.9

Rhode Island .......................................................... 14 100.0 61.9 19.2 12.1 20.6 5.3

Tennessee .............................................................. 83 100.0 50.9 18.7 8.8 34.1 6.2

Texas ...................................................................... 284 100.0 47.3 10.3 14.3 29.2 9.2

Washington ............................................................. 78 100.0 57.0 26.3 14.3 27.4 1.3

West Virginia .......................................................... 33 100.0 52.0 20.6 15.3 20.7 12.0

Wyoming ................................................................. 6 100.0 51.3 19.5 14.7 29.7 4.3

Women

Alabama ................................................................. 59 100.0 35.0 7.2 16.8 37.6 10.6

Alaska ..................................................................... 9 100.0 41.9 21.9 16.0 37.5 4.6

Arizona ................................................................... 49 100.0 27.3 8.0 18.3 47.1 7.3

Arkansas ................................................................. 28 100.0 29.3 7.5 15.0 44.1 11.7

California ................................................................ 450 100.0 39.0 11.3 8.3 39.5 13.2

District of Columbia ................................................ 11 100.0 38.2 3.8 3.3 51.8 6.8

Florida ..................................................................... 160 100.0 34.5 7.3 15.4 40.6 9.5

Georgia ................................................................... 93 100.0 38.4 12.2 13.0 39.8 8.9

Hawaii ..................................................................... 16 100.0 19.9 3.5 15.2 52.8 12.0

Idaho ....................................................................... 16 100.0 39.4 13.6 12.3 40.4 7.9

Illinois ...................................................................... 128 100.0 34.1 11.4 10.7 44.0 11.2

Kentucky ................................................................. 57 100.0 31.2 11.7 13.5 45.6 9.7

Louisiana ................................................................ 66 100.0 37.2 9.0 12.8 38.3 11.7

Maine ...................................................................... 16 100.0 45.1 20.2 7.2 44.7 3.0

Maryland ................................................................. 67 100.0 35.0 7.1 15.6 43.7 5.7

Massachusetts ........................................................ 56 100.0 41.0 12.1 11.2 35.5 12.3

Michigan ................................................................. 99 100.0 35.8 13.8 9.6 45.7 9.0

Mississippi .............................................................. 41 100.0 27.4 7.0 16.0 44.7 11.9

Montana .................................................................. 10 100.0 28.1 13.3 18.1 48.9 5.0

New Jersey ............................................................. 99 100.0 45.3 13.3 9.2 37.1 8.4

New Mexico ............................................................ 23 100.0 23.6 3.4 14.2 52.4 9.8

New York ................................................................ 268 100.0 37.8 8.7 9.8 41.2 11.1

North Carolina ........................................................ 69 100.0 41.3 8.4 15.1 35.7 7.9

Ohio ........................................................................ 130 100.0 34.7 12.6 11.4 43.2 10.6

Oregon .................................................................... 44 100.0 38.3 17.6 12.5 45.5 3.7

Pennsylvania .......................................................... 141 100.0 38.4 13.8 12.3 38.9 10.4

Rhode Island .......................................................... 13 100.0 41.0 12.8 9.0 39.9 10.2

South Carolina ........................................................ 52 100.0 32.5 8.0 15.0 44.6 7.9

Tennessee .............................................................. 63 100.0 46.7 12.3 10.0 36.9 6.5

Texas ...................................................................... 248 100.0 33.8 6.5 10.1 43.6 12.5

West Virginia .......................................................... 22 100.0 24.0 8.9 15.5 41.5 19.0

Wyoming ................................................................. 6 100.0 32.3 12.7 10.4 48.1 9.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Alaska ..................................................................... 4 100.0 16.4 4.8 5.0 61.3 17.4

California ................................................................ 152 100.0 13.2 5.4 3.2 40.4 43.2

Florida ..................................................................... 49 100.0 10.6 5.4 9.1 49.6 30.8

Illinois ...................................................................... 55 100.0 16.2 7.6 8.9 46.6 28.3

New York ................................................................ 88 100.0 11.3 2.2 6.0 45.0 37.7

Ohio ........................................................................ 58 100.0 11.8 2.6 12.1 48.5 27.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 21. States: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and reason for unemployment,

 1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and State

Total unemployed Job losers and persons who

completed temporary jobs1

Job leavers Reentrants New entrants

Number

(in thousands) Percent Total On temporarylayoff

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years–Continued

Pennsylvania .......................................................... 61 100.0 22.5 5.2 4.0 43.7 29.9

Texas ...................................................................... 120 100.0 10.7 2.5 9.8 45.9 33.6

West Virginia .......................................................... 12 100.0 11.9 5.8 11.9 28.4 47.7

White

Alabama ................................................................. 52 100.0 35.5 13.9 20.7 37.8 6.1

Alaska ..................................................................... 18 100.0 51.7 24.8 13.3 31.6 3.4

Arizona ................................................................... 85 100.0 40.6 13.5 14.9 39.1 5.5

Arkansas ................................................................. 39 100.0 46.1 11.7 16.5 27.5 9.8

California ................................................................ 778 100.0 50.3 16.0 7.9 31.0 10.7

Connecticut ............................................................. 65 100.0 49.0 8.1 14.0 32.0 5.1

Florida ..................................................................... 237 100.0 46.9 10.4 15.5 30.7 7.0

Georgia ................................................................... 79 100.0 46.1 13.0 17.4 32.3 4.2

Idaho ....................................................................... 33 100.0 48.8 23.1 11.7 33.3 6.2

Illinois ...................................................................... 183 100.0 52.2 23.4 11.8 29.9 6.0

Indiana .................................................................... 88 100.0 45.4 17.7 14.9 34.8 4.8

Kansas .................................................................... 41 100.0 35.8 7.0 18.3 42.6 3.3

Kentucky ................................................................. 91 100.0 41.9 19.5 13.9 35.1 9.2

Louisiana ................................................................ 56 100.0 48.0 13.6 15.3 27.4 9.4

Maine ...................................................................... 35 100.0 51.6 22.8 11.3 33.7 3.4

Maryland ................................................................. 70 100.0 51.8 17.2 15.1 27.1 6.1

Massachusetts ........................................................ 112 100.0 55.4 18.5 9.4 28.0 7.2

Michigan ................................................................. 158 100.0 50.3 24.1 10.7 34.4 4.6

Missouri .................................................................. 97 100.0 35.4 12.1 19.4 35.6 9.6

Montana .................................................................. 20 100.0 48.3 23.4 14.4 33.7 3.6

Nevada ................................................................... 29 100.0 45.8 11.4 19.6 30.6 4.1

New Jersey ............................................................. 152 100.0 55.0 14.5 7.8 31.2 6.0

New Mexico ............................................................ 44 100.0 41.7 12.9 13.5 37.3 7.5

New York ................................................................ 348 100.0 49.9 13.3 11.7 29.9 8.4

North Carolina ........................................................ 81 100.0 46.8 11.0 17.5 31.2 4.5

Ohio ........................................................................ 213 100.0 46.1 19.1 12.4 34.4 7.1

Oklahoma ............................................................... 45 100.0 35.6 9.0 19.4 39.1 5.9

Oregon .................................................................... 93 100.0 48.8 19.7 15.5 31.3 4.3

Pennsylvania .......................................................... 245 100.0 53.0 22.2 12.1 26.9 8.0

Rhode Island .......................................................... 23 100.0 55.9 17.6 11.1 28.1 4.9

Tennessee .............................................................. 99 100.0 58.1 20.0 9.7 29.1 3.1

Texas ...................................................................... 411 100.0 40.3 9.0 13.8 36.3 9.6

Vermont .................................................................. 13 100.0 47.9 27.5 7.9 36.8 7.4

Washington ............................................................. 129 100.0 46.7 22.1 16.1 34.2 3.0

West Virginia .......................................................... 51 100.0 42.5 16.8 15.6 27.1 14.8

Wisconsin ............................................................... 86 100.0 53.8 29.8 17.3 24.7 4.3

Wyoming ................................................................. 12 100.0 41.3 15.4 12.3 39.0 7.4

Black

Alabama ................................................................. 58 100.0 38.9 7.5 9.8 38.5 12.8

California ................................................................ 116 100.0 43.3 6.3 11.2 38.4 7.1

District of Columbia ................................................ 17 100.0 41.0 4.1 4.2 47.2 7.6

Florida ..................................................................... 93 100.0 37.4 6.3 10.9 40.2 11.6

Georgia ................................................................... 96 100.0 38.2 12.1 9.9 40.6 11.3

Illinois ...................................................................... 94 100.0 41.6 7.2 4.2 41.6 12.6

Louisiana ................................................................ 64 100.0 42.8 14.4 5.4 36.7 15.2

Maryland ................................................................. 69 100.0 33.5 5.9 8.7 52.3 5.5

Mississippi .............................................................. 49 100.0 35.3 6.1 10.5 40.9 13.3

New Jersey ............................................................. 55 100.0 50.6 10.4 10.5 32.0 6.9

New York ................................................................ 185 100.0 39.7 6.5 4.8 41.8 13.6

Pennsylvania .......................................................... 57 100.0 34.5 9.6 8.8 46.9 9.8

Texas ...................................................................... 104 100.0 44.6 6.3 7.6 33.6 14.2

Hispanic origin

California ................................................................ 390 100.0 52.0 19.6 6.3 29.2 12.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 21. States: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and reason for unemployment,

 1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and State

Total unemployed Job losers and persons who

completed temporary jobs1

Job leavers Reentrants New entrants

Number

(in thousands) Percent Total On temporarylayoff

Hispanic origin–Continued

Florida ..................................................................... 73 100.0 46.2 9.5 11.0 31.0 11.8

New Jersey ............................................................. 40 100.0 48.1 11.1 6.7 31.1 14.1

New Mexico ............................................................ 24 100.0 44.5 15.3 11.0 35.4 9.1

New York ................................................................ 108 100.0 44.1 6.8 7.4 37.4 11.0

Texas ...................................................................... 212 100.0 41.1 9.3 12.6 35.0 11.3

1 Formerly called "job losers".

 NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet

BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the

sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals or compute

to displayed percentages because of rounding. Detail for race and

Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the "other races"

group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black

population groups.
Table 22. States: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and duration of unemployment,

 1997 annual averages

Population group and State

Total unemployed

Less than

5 weeks

5 to 14

weeks

15 weeks and over

Number

(in thousands) Percent Total 15 to 26weeks

27 weeks and over

Total 27 to 51

weeks

52 weeks

and over

TOTAL

Alabama ........................................... 110 100.0 33.9 34.9 31.2 17.8 13.4 5.7 7.6

Alaska ............................................... 25 100.0 38.2 31.8 30.0 16.5 13.5 8.6 4.8

Arizona ............................................. 101 100.0 45.4 32.5 22.1 12.8 9.3 3.6 5.6

Arkansas ........................................... 64 100.0 37.7 33.9 28.4 15.0 13.4 6.3 7.1

California .......................................... 1,006 100.0 35.2 30.0 34.8 15.7 19.1 8.5 10.6

Colorado ........................................... 70 100.0 52.5 28.4 19.1 10.1 9.0 4.1 4.9

Connecticut ....................................... 88 100.0 28.6 32.7 38.7 21.9 16.8 6.7 10.1

Delaware .......................................... 15 100.0 35.9 33.1 31.0 11.8 19.2 8.6 10.6

District of Columbia .......................... 20 100.0 20.2 26.0 53.8 23.1 30.7 13.5 17.2

Florida ............................................... 338 100.0 40.6 32.5 26.9 14.9 12.0 5.3 6.8

Georgia ............................................. 177 100.0 46.3 28.8 25.0 12.6 12.4 7.1 5.3

Hawaii ............................................... 38 100.0 32.1 28.4 39.5 15.6 23.9 6.9 17.0

Idaho ................................................. 34 100.0 47.3 32.6 20.1 12.4 7.7 4.6 3.1

Illinois ................................................ 288 100.0 35.2 31.7 33.1 16.5 16.5 7.0 9.6

Indiana .............................................. 109 100.0 46.4 31.6 22.0 13.5 8.5 3.4 5.1

Kansas .............................................. 52 100.0 44.6 31.6 23.8 12.2 11.6 7.2 4.4

Kentucky ........................................... 104 100.0 37.7 34.8 27.4 14.0 13.4 5.7 7.7

Louisiana .......................................... 124 100.0 37.6 30.3 32.1 12.7 19.4 6.0 13.4

Maine ................................................ 36 100.0 41.0 28.0 31.0 11.0 20.0 8.3 11.7

Maryland ........................................... 142 100.0 34.2 30.9 34.9 15.5 19.3 8.0 11.3

Massachusetts .................................. 131 100.0 36.8 34.6 28.7 12.6 16.1 8.5 7.6

Michigan ........................................... 210 100.0 40.5 32.7 26.8 14.1 12.7 6.7 6.1

Minnesota ......................................... 86 100.0 40.9 30.8 28.3 15.2 13.1 7.5 5.6

Mississippi ........................................ 73 100.0 32.4 32.5 35.1 17.5 17.6 5.5 12.1

Missouri ............................................ 122 100.0 35.7 32.9 31.4 16.0 15.3 8.9 6.4

Montana ............................................ 24 100.0 40.0 31.2 28.8 14.8 14.0 7.8 6.2

Nevada ............................................. 36 100.0 42.1 32.3 25.6 14.4 11.2 8.3 2.9

New Jersey ....................................... 215 100.0 33.8 30.1 36.0 16.2 19.8 9.7 10.1

New Mexico ...................................... 51 100.0 38.1 34.1 27.8 13.2 14.6 7.5 7.1

New York .......................................... 564 100.0 28.1 27.7 44.3 17.9 26.3 9.7 16.7

North Carolina .................................. 139 100.0 42.7 31.3 26.0 13.4 12.6 8.5 4.1

Ohio .................................................. 262 100.0 39.7 31.5 28.8 13.8 15.0 7.0 8.1

Oklahoma ......................................... 66 100.0 41.4 31.8 26.8 14.1 12.7 4.8 7.9

Oregon .............................................. 101 100.0 42.0 36.0 22.1 13.6 8.5 4.5 3.9

Pennsylvania .................................... 311 100.0 34.9 34.8 30.4 14.6 15.8 8.3 7.5

Rhode Island .................................... 27 100.0 28.7 37.2 34.0 20.2 13.8 4.7 9.1

South Carolina .................................. 86 100.0 39.8 32.2 28.0 12.4 15.6 5.9 9.7

Tennessee ........................................ 146 100.0 37.3 36.6 26.2 15.4 10.8 7.4 3.4

Texas ................................................ 531 100.0 41.3 33.0 25.7 12.0 13.7 5.9 7.9

Vermont ............................................ 13 100.0 40.4 32.4 27.2 16.4 10.9 3.1 7.8

Virginia .............................................. 135 100.0 35.4 35.3 29.3 15.4 13.9 4.7 9.1

Washington ....................................... 142 100.0 45.9 31.1 23.0 13.3 9.6 5.1 4.6

West Virginia .................................... 55 100.0 31.0 32.5 36.5 14.5 22.0 7.3 14.7

Wisconsin ......................................... 108 100.0 41.2 35.4 23.4 15.4 8.0 2.7 5.3

Wyoming ........................................... 13 100.0 41.7 32.4 25.9 15.7 10.2 6.1 4.1

Men

Alabama ........................................... 51 100.0 35.3 37.8 26.9 16.7 10.3 4.6 5.7

Alaska ............................................... 16 100.0 38.5 33.1 28.4 16.3 12.0 7.6 4.4

Arizona ............................................. 51 100.0 45.8 31.2 23.0 14.7 8.3 3.0 5.3

Arkansas ........................................... 37 100.0 37.7 30.0 32.3 16.9 15.4 8.3 7.1

California .......................................... 556 100.0 33.3 30.0 36.7 16.9 19.8 8.9 10.9

Connecticut ....................................... 52 100.0 24.0 32.8 43.2 25.3 17.9 6.6 11.3

District of Columbia .......................... 9 100.0 19.5 28.8 51.7 25.9 25.8 10.8 15.0

Florida ............................................... 178 100.0 41.1 31.9 27.0 15.3 11.7 5.3 6.4

Georgia ............................................. 85 100.0 46.8 26.6 26.6 11.9 14.7 10.1 4.6

Hawaii ............................................... 22 100.0 26.0 30.0 44.0 14.6 29.4 10.8 18.6

Idaho ................................................. 18 100.0 50.4 34.1 15.5 9.3 6.2 2.9 3.3

Illinois ................................................ 161 100.0 35.2 30.4 34.4 17.2 17.1 6.7 10.5

Kentucky ........................................... 47 100.0 40.2 32.3 27.5 16.4 11.1 3.1 8.0

Louisiana .......................................... 58 100.0 36.1 31.2 32.7 14.1 18.6 7.5 11.1

Maine ................................................ 20 100.0 37.8 25.9 36.3 11.5 24.8 9.4 15.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 22. States: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and duration of unemployment,

 1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and State

Total unemployed

Less than

5 weeks

5 to 14

weeks

15 weeks and over

Number

(in thousands) Percent Total 15 to 26weeks

27 weeks and over

Total 27 to 51

weeks

52 weeks

and over

Men–Continued

Maryland ........................................... 74 100.0 30.9 32.8 36.3 17.2 19.1 7.2 11.9

Massachusetts .................................. 75 100.0 32.6 34.3 33.1 13.3 19.8 10.4 9.4

Michigan ........................................... 111 100.0 39.9 32.7 27.4 15.4 12.0 5.7 6.4

Mississippi ........................................ 31 100.0 30.0 32.9 37.1 20.2 16.9 3.7 13.2

Missouri ............................................ 69 100.0 31.0 31.6 37.3 17.5 19.9 10.6 9.3

Montana ............................................ 15 100.0 38.1 30.8 31.2 16.9 14.2 5.4 8.8

New Jersey ....................................... 116 100.0 33.0 29.0 38.0 16.7 21.3 8.8 12.5

New Mexico ...................................... 28 100.0 35.4 34.4 30.3 17.3 12.9 7.6 5.4

New York .......................................... 296 100.0 27.5 27.4 45.0 17.5 27.6 10.3 17.2

North Carolina .................................. 70 100.0 42.5 31.7 25.8 14.7 11.1 7.6 3.5

Ohio .................................................. 133 100.0 41.0 27.8 31.2 15.3 15.9 5.8 10.1

Oregon .............................................. 57 100.0 42.4 36.1 21.6 13.0 8.5 4.2 4.4

Pennsylvania .................................... 170 100.0 33.6 34.6 31.8 14.1 17.8 9.2 8.5

Rhode Island .................................... 14 100.0 28.0 33.8 38.2 22.8 15.4 5.4 10.1

Tennessee ........................................ 83 100.0 34.2 37.6 28.3 15.3 13.0 9.0 4.0

Texas ................................................ 284 100.0 41.3 32.2 26.5 11.3 15.2 5.1 10.1

Washington ....................................... 78 100.0 46.3 30.4 23.3 13.9 9.4 5.8 3.7

West Virginia .................................... 33 100.0 25.9 34.3 39.8 14.8 25.0 7.1 17.9

Wyoming ........................................... 6 100.0 35.7 31.9 32.4 19.5 13.0 6.6 6.4

Women

Alabama ........................................... 59 100.0 32.8 32.4 34.8 18.9 16.0 6.6 9.3

Alaska ............................................... 9 100.0 37.5 29.6 32.9 16.9 16.0 10.4 5.6

Arizona ............................................. 49 100.0 44.9 33.9 21.1 10.9 10.3 4.3 6.0

Arkansas ........................................... 28 100.0 37.6 39.2 23.2 12.6 10.6 3.5 7.1

California .......................................... 450 100.0 37.5 30.0 32.6 14.2 18.3 8.1 10.3

District of Columbia .......................... 11 100.0 20.7 23.8 55.5 20.9 34.6 15.6 19.0

Florida ............................................... 160 100.0 40.1 33.2 26.8 14.4 12.3 5.2 7.1

Georgia ............................................. 93 100.0 45.8 30.7 23.5 13.2 10.3 4.4 5.9

Hawaii ............................................... 16 100.0 40.3 26.3 33.4 16.9 16.5 1.7 14.7

Idaho ................................................. 16 100.0 43.7 30.9 25.5 16.0 9.4 6.6 2.8

Illinois ................................................ 128 100.0 35.1 33.4 31.5 15.7 15.8 7.3 8.4

Kentucky ........................................... 57 100.0 35.8 36.8 27.4 12.1 15.3 7.8 7.5

Louisiana .......................................... 66 100.0 38.9 29.5 31.5 11.4 20.1 4.7 15.5

Maine ................................................ 16 100.0 45.0 30.7 24.3 10.3 14.0 7.0 7.0

Maryland ........................................... 67 100.0 37.9 28.8 33.3 13.7 19.6 8.9 10.7

Massachusetts .................................. 56 100.0 42.3 35.0 22.6 11.6 11.1 6.0 5.1

Michigan ........................................... 99 100.0 41.2 32.7 26.1 12.6 13.5 7.8 5.8

Mississippi ........................................ 41 100.0 34.2 32.2 33.6 15.5 18.2 6.9 11.3

Montana ............................................ 10 100.0 42.9 31.8 25.2 11.7 13.5 11.3 2.2

New Jersey ....................................... 99 100.0 34.8 31.4 33.8 15.7 18.1 10.9 7.2

New Mexico ...................................... 23 100.0 41.4 33.7 24.8 8.4 16.5 7.4 9.1

New York .......................................... 268 100.0 28.7 27.9 43.4 18.4 25.0 8.9 16.1

North Carolina .................................. 69 100.0 42.9 30.9 26.2 12.2 14.0 9.4 4.6

Ohio .................................................. 130 100.0 38.4 35.2 26.4 12.2 14.2 8.3 5.9

Oregon .............................................. 44 100.0 41.4 35.9 22.7 14.3 8.4 5.0 3.4

Pennsylvania .................................... 141 100.0 36.4 35.0 28.6 15.2 13.4 7.2 6.2

Rhode Island .................................... 13 100.0 29.5 40.7 29.7 17.6 12.2 4.0 8.2

South Carolina .................................. 52 100.0 35.7 29.7 34.6 14.3 20.3 6.8 13.6

Tennessee ........................................ 63 100.0 41.3 35.3 23.4 15.5 7.8 5.2 2.6

Texas ................................................ 248 100.0 41.3 33.9 24.8 12.7 12.1 6.8 5.3

Wyoming ........................................... 6 100.0 47.9 32.9 19.2 11.9 7.3 5.6 1.7

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Alaska ............................................... 4 100.0 45.7 43.7 10.6 8.5 2.1 1.3 .8

California .......................................... 152 100.0 42.8 35.6 21.7 13.6 8.1 4.3 3.7

Florida ............................................... 49 100.0 48.6 34.2 17.2 7.5 9.7 3.7 6.0

Illinois ................................................ 55 100.0 47.3 30.6 22.1 14.8 7.2 4.0 3.2

New York .......................................... 88 100.0 36.4 32.2 31.4 16.3 15.0 6.9 8.1

Ohio .................................................. 58 100.0 47.6 32.6 19.8 8.6 11.2 7.9 3.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 22. States: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and duration of unemployment,

 1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and State

Total unemployed

Less than

5 weeks

5 to 14

weeks

15 weeks and over

Number

(in thousands) Percent Total 15 to 26weeks

27 weeks and over

Total 27 to 51

weeks

52 weeks

and over

Both sexes, 16 to 19

years–Continued

Pennsylvania .................................... 61 100.0 41.8 38.3 19.9 11.4 8.5 5.2 3.3

Texas ................................................ 120 100.0 46.1 37.6 16.3 8.8 7.6 3.7 3.9

West Virginia .................................... 12 100.0 24.9 31.1 44.0 20.2 23.8 11.8 12.0

White

Alabama ........................................... 52 100.0 36.5 36.8 26.7 16.7 9.9 6.4 3.5

Alaska ............................................... 18 100.0 36.4 30.7 32.9 17.1 15.8 9.7 6.1

Arizona ............................................. 85 100.0 46.6 31.6 21.8 13.2 8.6 3.4 5.2

Arkansas ........................................... 39 100.0 44.4 31.2 24.4 12.2 12.2 5.9 6.4

California .......................................... 778 100.0 36.4 30.5 33.2 15.1 18.1 8.0 10.1

Connecticut ....................................... 65 100.0 27.9 32.7 39.5 21.9 17.6 6.5 11.1

Florida ............................................... 237 100.0 44.6 32.6 22.8 13.6 9.2 4.7 4.5

Georgia ............................................. 79 100.0 51.3 30.8 17.9 9.5 8.4 4.6 3.8

Idaho ................................................. 33 100.0 46.7 33.4 19.9 12.0 7.9 4.8 3.1

Illinois ................................................ 183 100.0 40.6 32.1 27.2 14.5 12.7 5.5 7.3

Indiana .............................................. 88 100.0 47.7 30.7 21.6 12.4 9.1 3.9 5.2

Kansas .............................................. 41 100.0 47.4 32.3 20.3 10.7 9.5 5.8 3.7

Kentucky ........................................... 91 100.0 39.7 33.7 26.5 14.0 12.6 4.5 8.1

Louisiana .......................................... 56 100.0 44.0 29.6 26.4 12.4 14.0 5.1 8.9

Maine ................................................ 35 100.0 41.0 28.3 30.7 11.3 19.4 8.5 10.8

Maryland ........................................... 70 100.0 41.5 32.0 26.5 12.0 14.4 5.9 8.5

Massachusetts .................................. 112 100.0 37.1 35.3 27.6 12.0 15.5 8.1 7.4

Michigan ........................................... 158 100.0 43.1 32.4 24.6 13.4 11.2 5.5 5.8

Missouri ............................................ 97 100.0 37.1 33.2 29.7 12.7 17.0 8.7 8.3

Montana ............................................ 20 100.0 40.8 32.6 26.6 14.0 12.7 7.9 4.7

Nevada ............................................. 29 100.0 43.7 32.1 24.2 13.6 10.6 7.6 3.0

New Hampshire ................................ 20 100.0 52.2 31.6 16.2 7.4 8.8 6.9 1.8

New Jersey ....................................... 152 100.0 34.3 30.9 34.8 16.1 18.7 8.8 10.0

New Mexico ...................................... 44 100.0 39.2 34.7 26.0 12.8 13.3 7.5 5.8

New York .......................................... 348 100.0 32.0 28.4 39.7 18.2 21.4 9.2 12.2

North Carolina .................................. 81 100.0 49.1 25.9 25.0 12.4 12.6 8.8 3.7

Ohio .................................................. 213 100.0 39.7 31.5 28.8 13.0 15.8 7.7 8.2

Oklahoma ......................................... 45 100.0 45.6 31.0 23.5 11.2 12.2 5.1 7.1

Oregon .............................................. 93 100.0 40.9 37.4 21.7 13.1 8.6 4.9 3.7

Pennsylvania .................................... 245 100.0 36.0 35.4 28.5 14.5 14.0 8.6 5.4

Rhode Island .................................... 23 100.0 27.9 37.3 34.8 20.0 14.8 5.0 9.8

Tennessee ........................................ 99 100.0 37.6 38.4 24.0 14.6 9.4 5.1 4.2

Texas ................................................ 411 100.0 41.3 32.3 26.4 12.2 14.2 6.2 8.0

Vermont ............................................ 13 100.0 40.4 32.9 26.7 16.2 10.5 2.5 8.0

Washington ....................................... 129 100.0 47.1 29.1 23.9 14.2 9.7 5.6 4.1

West Virginia .................................... 51 100.0 31.4 32.3 36.3 14.3 22.0 7.4 14.6

Wisconsin ......................................... 86 100.0 43.5 35.9 20.6 14.7 5.9 1.9 4.0

Wyoming ........................................... 12 100.0 42.1 32.5 25.4 15.3 10.1 6.0 4.1

Black

Alabama ........................................... 58 100.0 31.7 33.2 35.1 18.5 16.5 5.1 11.5

California .......................................... 116 100.0 30.8 29.3 39.8 17.2 22.6 11.2 11.5

District of Columbia .......................... 17 100.0 18.6 24.5 56.9 24.9 32.0 13.3 18.7

Florida ............................................... 93 100.0 30.5 31.1 38.4 18.5 19.8 7.0 12.9

Georgia ............................................. 96 100.0 41.2 27.8 31.0 15.0 16.0 9.4 6.6

Illinois ................................................ 94 100.0 24.3 31.4 44.3 21.4 22.9 10.4 12.5

Louisiana .......................................... 64 100.0 32.7 31.4 35.9 13.5 22.4 7.1 15.3

Maryland ........................................... 69 100.0 25.9 30.3 43.8 19.8 24.1 9.5 14.6

Mississippi ........................................ 49 100.0 27.0 32.2 40.8 19.6 21.2 5.2 16.0

New Jersey ....................................... 55 100.0 33.0 29.1 37.9 15.8 22.0 10.9 11.1

New York .......................................... 185 100.0 21.1 26.7 52.2 17.6 34.7 10.3 24.4

Pennsylvania .................................... 57 100.0 31.2 29.8 39.0 15.3 23.7 8.5 15.1

Texas ................................................ 104 100.0 40.6 35.6 23.8 11.4 12.4 4.6 7.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 22. States: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and duration of unemployment,

 1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and State

Total unemployed

Less than

5 weeks

5 to 14

weeks

15 weeks and over

Number

(in thousands) Percent Total 15 to 26weeks

27 weeks and over

Total 27 to 51

weeks

52 weeks

and over

Hispanic origin

California .......................................... 390 100.0 38.0 30.4 31.6 14.9 16.7 6.5 10.2

Florida ............................................... 73 100.0 39.9 32.2 27.9 14.4 13.4 6.5 6.9

New Jersey ....................................... 40 100.0 29.4 27.2 43.4 17.9 25.6 8.9 16.6

New Mexico ...................................... 24 100.0 30.7 38.0 31.3 16.6 14.7 10.5 4.2

New York .......................................... 108 100.0 29.8 27.4 42.8 17.7 25.1 9.6 15.5

Texas ................................................ 212 100.0 38.6 33.2 28.2 13.1 15.1 6.0 9.1

 NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet

BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the

sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals or compute

to displayed percentages because of rounding. Detail for race and

Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the "other races"

group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black

population groups.
Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates,

employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997

annual averages

Area and population group

Civilian labor

force

participation rate

Employmentpopulation

ratio

Unemployment

Rate Error range of

rate1

Atlanta MSA

Total ................................................................................ 73.4 70.8 3.6 3.2 - 4.1

 Men ................................................................................ 82.8 80.1 3.3 2.7 - 3.8

 Women .......................................................................... 65.1 62.5 4.0 3.3 - 4.7

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 54.7 46.5 14.9 11.8 - 18.1

 White ............................................................................. 74.3 72.5 2.4 1.9 - 2.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 58.0 52.2 10.1 6.8 - 13.4

 Black .............................................................................. 71.6 66.9 6.6 5.5 - 7.6

Baltimore PMSA

Total ................................................................................ 70.0 65.9 5.8 5.1 - 6.6

 Men ................................................................................ 75.2 70.5 6.3 5.2 - 7.4

 Women .......................................................................... 65.3 61.8 5.3 4.3 - 6.3

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 51.6 37.8 26.7 22.3 - 31.2

 White ............................................................................. 69.7 67.1 3.6 2.9 - 4.3

 Black .............................................................................. 70.2 61.1 12.9 10.9 - 14.9

Bergen-Passaic PMSA

Total ................................................................................ 67.2 65.0 3.4 2.6 - 4.2

 Men ................................................................................ 78.5 76.2 2.9 2.0 - 3.9

 Women .......................................................................... 57.1 54.8 4.0 2.8 - 5.3

 White ............................................................................. 67.4 65.4 3.0 2.2 - 3.8

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 75.4 73.1 3.1 1.2 - 5.0

Boston PMSA

Total ................................................................................ 69.5 67.2 3.4 2.9 - 4.0

 Men ................................................................................ 76.1 73.1 3.9 3.2 - 4.7

 Women .......................................................................... 63.5 61.7 2.9 2.2 - 3.6

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 57.8 52.5 9.2 5.5 - 12.9

 White ............................................................................. 69.9 67.8 3.1 2.5 - 3.6

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 62.9 58.7 6.6 3.3 - 10.0

 Black .............................................................................. 63.9 58.4 8.6 5.4 - 11.7

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 72.3 69.6 3.8 1.2 - 6.5

Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA

Total ................................................................................ 66.4 62.8 5.4 4.2 - 6.5

 Men ................................................................................ 72.8 68.8 5.5 3.9 - 7.1

 Women .......................................................................... 60.8 57.6 5.2 3.7 - 6.8

 White ............................................................................. 67.3 64.3 4.6 3.5 - 5.7

 Black .............................................................................. 56.5 49.9 11.7 6.7 - 16.7

Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA

Total ................................................................................ 73.0 70.5 3.4 2.6 - 4.2

 Men ................................................................................ 81.3 78.0 4.0 2.9 - 5.2

 Women .......................................................................... 65.3 63.6 2.6 1.6 - 3.7

 White ............................................................................. 73.6 72.1 2.1 1.4 - 2.9

 Black .............................................................................. 72.2 66.9 7.2 5.1 - 9.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates,

employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997

annual averages — Continued

Area and population group

Civilian labor

force

participation rate

Employmentpopulation

ratio

Unemployment

Rate Error range of

rate1

Chicago PMSA

Total ................................................................................ 69.2 65.9 4.9 4.4 - 5.3

 Men ................................................................................ 78.1 74.2 5.0 4.4 - 5.6

 Women .......................................................................... 61.0 58.1 4.7 4.1 - 5.3

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 50.8 43.6 14.1 11.7 - 16.6

 White ............................................................................. 70.7 68.3 3.3 2.9 - 3.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 56.8 51.6 9.2 6.8 - 11.6

 Black .............................................................................. 62.9 55.6 11.7 10.3 - 13.1

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 71.2 67.3 5.5 4.3 - 6.8

Cincinnati PMSA

Total ................................................................................ 71.8 69.3 3.4 2.6 - 4.2

 Men ................................................................................ 78.3 76.1 2.9 1.9 - 3.9

 Women .......................................................................... 65.8 63.1 4.0 2.8 - 5.3

 White ............................................................................. 71.3 69.5 2.6 1.8 - 3.3

 Black .............................................................................. 73.9 66.7 9.8 6.3 - 13.4

Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA

Total ................................................................................ 65.4 62.6 4.2 3.5 - 4.9

 Men ................................................................................ 73.7 70.8 4.0 3.0 - 4.9

 Women .......................................................................... 58.1 55.5 4.5 3.4 - 5.5

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 54.0 46.4 14.1 9.8 - 18.3

 White ............................................................................. 66.7 64.0 4.0 3.3 - 4.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 60.7 53.2 12.4 8.1 - 16.7

 Black .............................................................................. 58.2 55.1 5.3 3.2 - 7.4

Columbus, Ohio MSA

Total ................................................................................ 70.1 67.6 3.5 2.8 - 4.3

 Men ................................................................................ 76.5 74.3 2.9 2.0 - 3.9

 Women .......................................................................... 64.2 61.4 4.2 3.1 - 5.4

 White ............................................................................. 70.7 68.3 3.3 2.5 - 4.1

 Black .............................................................................. 67.2 63.4 5.7 3.2 - 8.2

Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA

Total ................................................................................ 75.2 72.2 4.0 3.5 - 4.6

 Men ................................................................................ 83.4 80.2 3.8 3.1 - 4.5

 Women .......................................................................... 67.2 64.3 4.3 3.5 - 5.1

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 56.9 44.8 21.2 17.0 - 25.5

 White ............................................................................. 75.3 72.8 3.3 2.8 - 3.9

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 59.8 49.2 17.7 13.2 - 22.3

 Black .............................................................................. 75.7 69.6 8.0 6.2 - 9.9

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 79.9 76.6 4.1 2.8 - 5.4

Dayton-Springfield MSA

Total ................................................................................ 63.9 60.5 5.3 4.1 - 6.4

 Men ................................................................................ 71.4 67.6 5.3 3.7 - 6.9

 Women .......................................................................... 56.7 53.8 5.1 3.4 - 6.9

 White ............................................................................. 65.3 62.4 4.5 3.3 - 5.6

 Black .............................................................................. 53.9 48.1 10.7 6.2 - 15.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates,

employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997

annual averages — Continued

Area and population group

Civilian labor

force

participation rate

Employmentpopulation

ratio

Unemployment

Rate Error range of

rate1

Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA

Total ................................................................................ 73.1 70.8 3.2 2.5 - 3.8

 Men ................................................................................ 79.7 77.1 3.2 2.2 - 4.1

 Women .......................................................................... 66.8 64.7 3.1 2.1 - 4.1

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 59.9 52.2 12.9 7.7 - 18.1

 White ............................................................................. 73.2 71.1 2.9 2.2 - 3.6

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 59.7 53.0 11.3 6.0 - 16.5

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 73.3 69.4 5.3 2.9 - 7.6

Detroit PMSA

Total ................................................................................ 65.2 62.4 4.2 3.7 - 4.7

 Men ................................................................................ 73.6 70.5 4.2 3.5 - 4.9

 Women .......................................................................... 57.5 55.1 4.2 3.5 - 5.0

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 58.2 51.2 12.1 9.1 - 15.1

 White ............................................................................. 66.3 64.1 3.3 2.7 - 3.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 63.7 58.3 8.5 5.6 - 11.4

 Black .............................................................................. 59.6 54.4 8.7 7.1 - 10.3

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 64.6 61.4 5.0 1.5 - 8.5

Fort Lauderdale PMSA

Total ................................................................................ 69.2 65.9 4.7 3.8 - 5.7

 Men ................................................................................ 76.6 73.1 4.7 3.4 - 5.9

 Women .......................................................................... 62.3 59.3 4.8 3.5 - 6.2

 White ............................................................................. 68.0 65.7 3.3 2.4 - 4.2

 Black .............................................................................. 72.7 65.8 9.4 6.9 - 11.9

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 75.9 72.7 4.1 1.8 - 6.4

Hartford MSA

Total ................................................................................ 66.9 64.2 3.9 2.9 - 5.0

 Men ................................................................................ 72.5 69.4 4.2 2.7 - 5.7

 Women .......................................................................... 62.0 59.8 3.6 2.2 - 5.0

 White ............................................................................. 66.0 63.6 3.7 2.6 - 4.7

 Black .............................................................................. 70.6 66.4 5.9 2.7 - 9.1

Houston PMSA

Total ................................................................................ 71.1 66.8 6.1 5.3 - 6.8

 Men ................................................................................ 81.9 76.9 6.2 5.2 - 7.1

 Women .......................................................................... 60.3 56.7 5.9 4.8 - 7.0

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 45.4 35.4 22.0 17.5 - 26.5

 White ............................................................................. 71.9 68.1 5.3 4.5 - 6.1

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 46.1 36.8 20.2 15.0 - 25.3

 Black .............................................................................. 68.6 61.7 10.0 8.0 - 12.1

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 69.8 64.2 8.1 6.4 - 9.8

Indianapolis MSA

Total ................................................................................ 71.2 69.1 2.9 2.2 - 3.7

 Men ................................................................................ 79.9 77.2 3.4 2.2 - 4.5

 Women .......................................................................... 63.5 62.0 2.4 1.4 - 3.4

 White ............................................................................. 71.0 69.4 2.3 1.6 - 3.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates,

employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997

annual averages — Continued

Area and population group

Civilian labor

force

participation rate

Employmentpopulation

ratio

Unemployment

Rate Error range of

rate1

Indianapolis MSA–Continued

 Black .............................................................................. 70.8 65.9 6.8 3.8 - 9.9

Kansas City MSA

Total ................................................................................ 73.0 70.2 3.8 3.1 - 4.4

 Men ................................................................................ 78.5 75.2 4.2 3.2 - 5.2

 Women .......................................................................... 68.1 65.9 3.3 2.4 - 4.2

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 64.9 56.7 12.6 8.6 - 16.7

 White ............................................................................. 73.9 71.5 3.2 2.6 - 3.9

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 69.1 60.8 12.0 7.7 - 16.3

 Black .............................................................................. 64.9 59.4 8.6 5.6 - 11.5

Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA

Total ................................................................................ 65.3 60.8 6.8 6.3 - 7.4

 Men ................................................................................ 75.8 71.0 6.4 5.7 - 7.1

 Women .......................................................................... 55.0 50.9 7.4 6.6 - 8.2

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 35.3 27.5 22.0 19.1 - 25.0

 White ............................................................................. 66.1 61.7 6.7 6.1 - 7.3

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 38.7 30.5 21.1 18.0 - 24.3

 Black .............................................................................. 61.7 54.8 11.1 9.3 - 12.9

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 67.0 61.5 8.3 7.5 - 9.1

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 37.6 28.6 23.8 19.6 - 28.0

Louisville MSA

Total ................................................................................ 70.8 67.9 4.0 2.9 - 5.1

 Men ................................................................................ 77.9 75.3 3.3 2.0 - 4.7

 Women .......................................................................... 64.3 61.2 4.8 3.1 - 6.5

 White ............................................................................. 70.8 68.0 3.9 2.8 - 5.1

 Black .............................................................................. 70.8 67.3 4.9 1.6 - 8.3

Memphis MSA

Total ................................................................................ 71.3 67.5 5.3 4.3 - 6.4

 Men ................................................................................ 78.7 75.2 4.4 3.0 - 5.8

 Women .......................................................................... 65.1 61.1 6.2 4.6 - 7.8

 White ............................................................................. 68.9 67.2 2.5 1.5 - 3.6

 Black .............................................................................. 73.7 67.6 8.3 6.5 - 10.2

Miami PMSA

Total ................................................................................ 64.7 60.3 6.8 5.8 - 7.8

 Men ................................................................................ 74.4 69.4 6.8 5.5 - 8.1

 Women .......................................................................... 55.7 51.9 6.9 5.4 - 8.3

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 30.4 24.6 18.9 11.9 - 25.8

 White ............................................................................. 63.7 60.1 5.6 4.6 - 6.6

 Black .............................................................................. 70.4 62.0 12.0 9.4 - 14.6

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 65.1 60.8 6.6 5.4 - 7.8

Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA

Total ................................................................................ 72.3 68.9 4.7 3.8 - 5.6

 Men ................................................................................ 76.9 73.5 4.4 3.2 - 5.6

 Women .......................................................................... 67.6 64.2 5.0 3.6 - 6.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates,

employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997

annual averages — Continued

Area and population group

Civilian labor

force

participation rate

Employmentpopulation

ratio

Unemployment

Rate Error range of

rate1

Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA–Continued

 White ............................................................................. 74.3 71.8 3.4 2.5 - 4.2

 Black .............................................................................. 57.9 48.1 16.9 12.4 - 21.4

Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA

Total ................................................................................ 75.6 73.3 3.1 2.5 - 3.6

 Men ................................................................................ 82.0 79.1 3.5 2.8 - 4.2

 Women .......................................................................... 69.3 67.5 2.5 1.9 - 3.2

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 71.0 63.3 10.8 7.7 - 14.0

 White ............................................................................. 75.8 73.8 2.6 2.1 - 3.1

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 71.9 65.3 9.2 6.0 - 12.3

Nassau-Suffolk PMSA

Total ................................................................................ 67.4 65.5 2.8 2.3 - 3.4

 Men ................................................................................ 76.6 74.4 2.9 2.2 - 3.6

 Women .......................................................................... 58.8 57.2 2.7 2.0 - 3.5

 White ............................................................................. 67.2 65.4 2.8 2.3 - 3.3

 Black .............................................................................. 65.4 62.4 4.5 1.9 - 7.1

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 74.2 72.2 2.8 1.1 - 4.4

New Orleans MSA

Total ................................................................................ 63.3 60.0 5.2 4.3 - 6.1

 Men ................................................................................ 70.3 67.4 4.1 3.0 - 5.3

 Women .......................................................................... 57.5 53.8 6.3 4.9 - 7.7

 White ............................................................................. 62.5 60.5 3.2 2.3 - 4.1

 Black .............................................................................. 65.0 59.4 8.6 6.7 - 10.6

New York PMSA

Total ................................................................................ 59.8 54.6 8.7 8.2 - 9.2

 Men ................................................................................ 69.5 63.8 8.2 7.5 - 8.9

 Women .......................................................................... 51.4 46.7 9.2 8.5 - 10.0

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 28.7 19.5 32.0 28.5 - 35.5

 White ............................................................................. 59.7 55.9 6.5 5.9 - 7.0

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 31.3 22.8 27.2 22.8 - 31.7

 Black .............................................................................. 58.0 49.5 14.7 13.6 - 15.9

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 26.0 14.7 43.6 37.3 - 49.9

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 56.9 51.1 10.3 9.3 - 11.4

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 31.9 23.0 27.9 21.6 - 34.2

Newark PMSA

Total ................................................................................ 69.1 65.0 5.9 4.9 - 6.9

 Men ................................................................................ 76.5 71.5 6.5 5.0 - 7.9

 Women .......................................................................... 62.4 59.1 5.2 3.9 - 6.6

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 50.2 42.3 15.7 9.7 - 21.8

 White ............................................................................. 68.8 65.6 4.7 3.6 - 5.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 55.5 47.9 13.8 7.2 - 20.4

 Black .............................................................................. 70.1 63.5 9.3 7.0 - 11.6

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 70.1 63.0 10.1 6.3 - 13.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates,

employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997

annual averages — Continued

Area and population group

Civilian labor

force

participation rate

Employmentpopulation

ratio

Unemployment

Rate Error range of

rate1

Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA

Total ................................................................................ 68.4 64.5 5.7 4.5 - 7.0

 Men ................................................................................ 74.0 70.3 5.0 3.4 - 6.6

 Women .......................................................................... 63.8 59.6 6.5 4.7 - 8.3

 White ............................................................................. 69.0 66.9 3.0 1.9 - 4.1

 Black .............................................................................. 66.9 58.9 12.0 9.1 - 15.0

Oakland PMSA

Total ................................................................................ 67.9 65.1 4.1 3.5 - 4.7

 Men ................................................................................ 75.3 72.6 3.6 2.8 - 4.4

 Women .......................................................................... 61.1 58.3 4.7 3.8 - 5.6

 White ............................................................................. 67.7 65.2 3.7 3.0 - 4.4

 Black .............................................................................. 65.5 59.6 9.0 6.5 - 11.5

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 74.5 68.5 8.0 5.3 - 10.7

Oklahoma City MSA

Total ................................................................................ 68.1 65.3 4.1 2.9 - 5.3

 Men ................................................................................ 76.8 73.6 4.1 2.4 - 5.8

 Women .......................................................................... 60.3 57.8 4.1 2.3 - 5.8

 White ............................................................................. 68.9 66.7 3.2 2.0 - 4.4

 Black .............................................................................. 66.9 62.1 7.3 2.6 - 11.9

Orange County PMSA

Total ................................................................................ 70.1 66.9 4.6 3.9 - 5.2

 Men ................................................................................ 79.0 74.6 5.6 4.7 - 6.6

 Women .......................................................................... 61.0 59.0 3.2 2.3 - 4.0

 White ............................................................................. 72.1 68.8 4.5 3.8 - 5.2

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 77.7 73.3 5.8 4.4 - 7.2

Philadelphia PMSA

Total ................................................................................ 65.3 61.9 5.2 4.7 - 5.7

 Men ................................................................................ 73.4 69.5 5.3 4.6 - 6.0

 Women .......................................................................... 58.4 55.4 5.2 4.4 - 5.9

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 43.7 36.2 17.3 13.9 - 20.7

 White ............................................................................. 67.7 65.0 3.9 3.4 - 4.4

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 50.0 43.4 13.1 9.6 - 16.6

 Black .............................................................................. 55.5 49.2 11.4 9.7 - 13.1

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 61.3 55.0 10.3 6.6 - 14.0

Phoenix-Mesa MSA

Total ................................................................................ 66.9 64.1 4.1 3.5 - 4.7

 Men ................................................................................ 75.3 72.4 3.8 3.0 - 4.6

 Women .......................................................................... 58.7 56.0 4.5 3.6 - 5.5

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 56.9 49.5 13.1 9.3 - 17.0

 White ............................................................................. 66.4 64.0 3.6 3.0 - 4.2

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 59.8 52.9 11.4 7.6 - 15.2

 Black .............................................................................. 67.4 60.0 11.1 6.5 - 15.7

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 68.3 65.7 3.7 2.4 - 5.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates,

employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997

annual averages — Continued

Area and population group

Civilian labor

force

participation rate

Employmentpopulation

ratio

Unemployment

Rate Error range of

rate1

Pittsburgh MSA

Total ................................................................................ 61.2 58.0 5.3 4.5 - 6.0

 Men ................................................................................ 69.2 65.3 5.6 4.6 - 6.7

 Women .......................................................................... 54.1 51.5 4.8 3.8 - 5.9

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 49.0 40.5 17.5 12.5 - 22.5

 White ............................................................................. 61.6 58.6 4.9 4.2 - 5.7

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 50.4 41.8 17.1 12.0 - 22.1

 Black .............................................................................. 57.5 50.6 12.0 7.2 - 16.8

Portland-Vancouver PMSA

Total ................................................................................ 70.7 67.8 4.0 3.5 - 4.5

 Men ................................................................................ 79.5 76.3 4.0 3.4 - 4.6

 Women .......................................................................... 61.9 59.4 4.0 3.3 - 4.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 56.7 50.4 11.1 8.0 - 14.2

 White ............................................................................. 70.6 67.7 4.1 3.6 - 4.6

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 57.1 50.8 11.0 7.8 - 14.3

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 82.5 78.7 4.6 2.7 - 6.5

Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA

Total ................................................................................ 68.5 65.0 5.1 3.8 - 6.4

 Men ................................................................................ 76.0 72.3 4.9 3.1 - 6.6

 Women .......................................................................... 61.8 58.4 5.4 3.5 - 7.3

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 63.9 56.4 11.8 4.7 - 19.0

 White ............................................................................. 68.3 65.0 4.8 3.5 - 6.1

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 64.5 58.3 9.7 2.8 - 16.6

 Black .............................................................................. 73.3 65.3 10.9 2.7 - 19.1

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 65.9 57.0 13.5 4.3 - 22.8

Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA

Total ................................................................................ 63.2 58.3 7.7 6.8 - 8.6

 Men ................................................................................ 72.9 67.6 7.3 6.2 - 8.5

 Women .......................................................................... 53.8 49.4 8.2 6.8 - 9.5

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 35.0 26.8 23.3 18.5 - 28.2

 White ............................................................................. 63.0 58.5 7.1 6.2 - 8.1

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 34.3 25.8 24.7 19.5 - 29.8

 Black .............................................................................. 61.9 54.6 11.9 8.8 - 14.9

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 66.8 60.9 8.8 7.1 - 10.5

Rochester MSA

Total ................................................................................ 69.5 65.9 5.1 3.8 - 6.4

 Men ................................................................................ 75.3 71.8 4.6 2.9 - 6.3

 Women .......................................................................... 64.0 60.5 5.6 3.6 - 7.6

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 53.2 44.0 17.3 9.1 - 25.4

 White ............................................................................. 69.9 66.4 5.0 3.6 - 6.4

 Black .............................................................................. 65.9 62.2 5.7 1.7 - 9.6

Sacramento-Yolo CMSA

Total ................................................................................ 65.4 61.3 6.2 5.3 - 7.2

 Men ................................................................................ 71.4 67.2 5.8 4.6 - 7.1

 Women .......................................................................... 59.4 55.5 6.7 5.2 - 8.1

 White ............................................................................. 67.5 63.7 5.5 4.6 - 6.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates,

employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997

annual averages — Continued

Area and population group

Civilian labor

force

participation rate

Employmentpopulation

ratio

Unemployment

Rate Error range of

rate1

Sacramento-Yolo CMSA–Continued

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 72.0 65.0 9.8 6.6 - 12.9

St. Louis MSA

Total ................................................................................ 69.5 66.0 5.0 4.6 - 5.5

 Men ................................................................................ 76.0 72.2 5.0 4.4 - 5.6

 Women .......................................................................... 63.6 60.3 5.1 4.4 - 5.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 62.1 52.5 15.5 12.8 - 18.1

 White ............................................................................. 71.2 68.2 4.2 3.7 - 4.7

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 66.8 58.8 12.0 9.3 - 14.7

 Black .............................................................................. 63.2 57.4 9.2 7.7 - 10.6

Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA

Total ................................................................................ 74.1 71.8 3.1 2.2 - 3.9

 Men ................................................................................ 82.5 79.9 3.2 2.0 - 4.4

 Women .......................................................................... 66.1 64.2 2.9 1.7 - 4.1

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 68.8 62.5 9.1 4.8 - 13.4

 White ............................................................................. 73.7 71.6 3.0 2.1 - 3.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 68.4 62.3 9.0 4.5 - 13.4

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 77.6 74.6 3.9 .4 - 7.3

San Antonio MSA

Total ................................................................................ 66.2 63.2 4.6 3.5 - 5.7

 Men ................................................................................ 75.5 72.2 4.4 2.9 - 5.9

 Women .......................................................................... 58.3 55.5 4.9 3.2 - 6.5

 White ............................................................................. 65.8 62.8 4.6 3.4 - 5.7

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 64.9 60.8 6.3 4.5 - 8.1

San Diego MSA

Total ................................................................................ 67.2 63.6 5.4 4.5 - 6.3

 Men ................................................................................ 75.7 71.5 5.5 4.3 - 6.7

 Women .......................................................................... 59.0 55.9 5.2 4.0 - 6.5

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 41.7 33.9 18.7 12.0 - 25.4

 White ............................................................................. 67.4 64.5 4.2 3.3 - 5.1

 Black .............................................................................. 63.1 50.8 19.5 13.1 - 25.9

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 68.2 65.0 4.7 3.0 - 6.4

San Francisco PMSA

Total ................................................................................ 73.5 70.2 4.5 3.6 - 5.4

 Men ................................................................................ 79.2 75.6 4.6 3.3 - 5.8

 Women .......................................................................... 68.0 65.0 4.4 3.1 - 5.7

 White ............................................................................. 76.0 72.8 4.2 3.2 - 5.2

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 81.0 76.5 5.5 3.2 - 7.9

San Jose PMSA

Total ................................................................................ 70.0 67.2 4.0 3.1 - 4.9

 Men ................................................................................ 77.8 74.7 4.0 2.8 - 5.2

 Women .......................................................................... 62.2 59.6 4.1 2.7 - 5.4

 White ............................................................................. 72.2 69.5 3.7 2.7 - 4.7

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 74.5 69.7 6.4 3.9 - 8.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates,

employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997

annual averages — Continued

Area and population group

Civilian labor

force

participation rate

Employmentpopulation

ratio

Unemployment

Rate Error range of

rate1

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA

Total ................................................................................ 74.2 71.2 4.0 3.3 - 4.8

 Men ................................................................................ 81.2 77.9 4.0 3.0 - 5.0

 Women .......................................................................... 67.1 64.4 4.1 3.0 - 5.1

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 67.8 56.1 17.2 12.1 - 22.2

 White ............................................................................. 74.4 71.5 3.9 3.2 - 4.7

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA

Total ................................................................................ 60.8 57.5 5.4 4.6 - 6.2

 Men ................................................................................ 68.4 64.4 5.8 4.7 - 6.9

 Women .......................................................................... 54.1 51.4 4.9 3.8 - 6.0

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 68.5 56.7 17.1 12.6 - 21.7

 White ............................................................................. 59.2 56.5 4.6 3.8 - 5.4

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 70.3 59.9 14.8 10.0 - 19.6

 Black .............................................................................. 72.8 64.7 11.1 8.0 - 14.3

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 62.0 57.5 7.1 4.5 - 9.7

Washington D.C. PMSA

Total ................................................................................ 70.7 67.6 4.3 4.1 - 4.5

 Men ................................................................................ 77.1 74.0 4.0 3.7 - 4.3

 Women .......................................................................... 64.5 61.5 4.7 4.4 - 5.0

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 47.4 40.5 14.6 12.9 - 16.2

 White ............................................................................. 71.1 69.0 3.0 2.8 - 3.2

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 51.8 46.7 9.9 8.2 - 11.6

 Black .............................................................................. 69.3 63.6 8.2 7.7 - 8.8

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 80.7 77.0 4.6 3.8 - 5.3

Baltimore central city

Total ................................................................................ 60.1 52.1 13.4 10.7 - 16.0

 Men ................................................................................ 64.7 53.6 17.1 13.2 - 21.1

 Women .......................................................................... 55.9 50.7 9.4 6.1 - 12.7

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 45.2 22.6 50.0 45.3 - 54.7

 White ............................................................................. 54.1 51.5 4.8 1.8 - 7.8

 Black .............................................................................. 63.6 52.2 17.9 14.3 - 21.5

Chicago central city

Total ................................................................................ 64.7 59.3 8.3 7.5 - 9.1

 Men ................................................................................ 73.4 67.2 8.4 7.3 - 9.5

 Women .......................................................................... 57.0 52.3 8.3 7.1 - 9.4

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 38.4 28.2 26.5 21.8 - 31.1

 White ............................................................................. 69.4 65.7 5.4 4.6 - 6.2

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 45.8 38.0 17.0 11.2 - 22.8

 Black .............................................................................. 57.1 49.2 13.8 12.1 - 15.4

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 31.2 17.7 43.3 35.7 - 50.9

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 67.0 61.3 8.5 6.7 - 10.2

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 41.0 33.6 18.1 10.1 - 26.2

Cleveland central city

Total ................................................................................ 58.6 54.3 7.4 5.2 - 9.6

 Men ................................................................................ 66.7 61.9 7.3 4.2 - 10.3

 Women .......................................................................... 52.0 48.2 7.5 4.3 - 10.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates,

employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997

annual averages — Continued

Area and population group

Civilian labor

force

participation rate

Employmentpopulation

ratio

Unemployment

Rate Error range of

rate1

Cleveland central city–Continued

 White ............................................................................. 63.9 58.8 8.1 5.2 - 10.9

 Black .............................................................................. 50.3 47.1 6.5 2.9 - 10.0

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 63.0 54.2 14.0 6.4 - 21.5

Dallas central city

Total ................................................................................ 71.9 68.8 4.4 3.3 - 5.5

 Men ................................................................................ 81.3 77.9 4.1 2.7 - 5.6

 Women .......................................................................... 62.9 60.0 4.7 3.0 - 6.3

 White ............................................................................. 73.0 70.7 3.2 2.1 - 4.3

 Black .............................................................................. 69.3 63.5 8.4 5.6 - 11.2

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 77.1 74.4 3.5 1.6 - 5.5

Detroit central city

Total ................................................................................ 55.5 50.6 8.9 7.2 - 10.6

 Men ................................................................................ 59.2 53.3 9.9 7.3 - 12.6

 Women .......................................................................... 52.9 48.7 8.0 5.8 - 10.2

 White ............................................................................. 51.2 47.4 7.4 3.5 - 11.2

 Black .............................................................................. 56.3 51.0 9.4 7.5 - 11.3

District of Columbia

Total ................................................................................ 61.8 56.9 7.9 7.1 - 8.7

 Men ................................................................................ 66.5 61.7 7.2 6.1 - 8.3

 Women .......................................................................... 57.8 52.8 8.6 7.4 - 9.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 30.3 17.5 42.4 36.8 - 47.9

 White ............................................................................. 77.0 74.8 2.9 2.1 - 3.7

 Black .............................................................................. 54.3 48.2 11.4 10.1 - 12.6

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 28.9 14.9 48.5 41.1 - 56.0

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 76.0 69.3 8.8 5.6 - 12.0

Houston central city

Total ................................................................................ 68.3 63.1 7.7 6.6 - 8.8

 Men ................................................................................ 80.0 74.1 7.4 6.0 - 8.8

 Women .......................................................................... 57.2 52.4 8.3 6.6 - 9.9

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 46.2 35.5 23.1 17.8 - 28.4

 White ............................................................................. 70.3 66.0 6.1 4.9 - 7.3

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 46.1 38.3 17.0 9.8 - 24.3

 Black .............................................................................. 64.1 55.7 13.0 10.6 - 15.5

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 66.5 60.5 9.0 6.8 - 11.1

Indianapolis central city

Total ................................................................................ 67.1 64.1 4.4 2.9 - 5.8

 Men ................................................................................ 75.1 71.0 5.5 3.3 - 7.8

 Women .......................................................................... 60.6 58.7 3.2 1.5 - 5.0

 White ............................................................................. 66.1 63.9 3.4 1.9 - 4.8

 Black .............................................................................. 69.2 64.1 7.4 3.8 - 11.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates,

employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997

annual averages — Continued

Area and population group

Civilian labor

force

participation rate

Employmentpopulation

ratio

Unemployment

Rate Error range of

rate1

Los Angeles central city

Total ................................................................................ 65.4 60.2 7.9 7.2 - 8.7

 Men ................................................................................ 77.1 71.4 7.4 6.4 - 8.3

 Women .......................................................................... 53.8 49.1 8.8 7.6 - 10.0

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 33.8 27.7 18.0 13.0 - 23.0

 White ............................................................................. 66.1 61.1 7.6 6.8 - 8.4

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 34.6 28.3 18.2 12.7 - 23.7

 Black .............................................................................. 58.8 50.9 13.3 10.5 - 16.2

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 67.1 61.2 8.8 7.6 - 9.9

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 34.2 27.2 20.4 13.7 - 27.1

Milwaukee central city

Total ................................................................................ 67.0 61.2 8.6 6.5 - 10.7

 Men ................................................................................ 67.1 60.9 9.2 6.2 - 12.2

 Women .......................................................................... 67.0 61.5 8.1 5.4 - 10.9

 White ............................................................................. 72.0 68.2 5.2 3.2 - 7.2

 Black .............................................................................. 57.4 47.5 17.3 12.6 - 21.9

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 70.4 64.7 8.1 2.4 - 13.7

New York central city

Total ................................................................................ 58.5 53.0 9.4 8.9 - 9.9

 Men ................................................................................ 68.2 62.1 8.8 8.2 - 9.5

 Women .......................................................................... 50.1 45.1 10.0 9.3 - 10.8

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 27.6 18.2 34.1 32.0 - 36.2

 White ............................................................................. 57.7 53.5 7.3 6.7 - 7.9

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 30.2 21.2 29.8 26.4 - 33.2

 Black .............................................................................. 57.8 49.3 14.7 13.6 - 15.7

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 26.1 14.7 43.8 40.5 - 47.1

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 55.8 49.8 10.8 9.7 - 11.9

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 32.3 23.3 27.9 22.3 - 33.5

Philadelphia central city

Total ................................................................................ 56.2 51.4 8.6 7.3 - 9.9

 Men ................................................................................ 64.7 58.7 9.3 7.4 - 11.2

 Women .......................................................................... 49.9 45.9 8.0 6.2 - 9.7

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 33.7 23.3 31.1 22.1 - 40.0

 White ............................................................................. 60.8 57.7 5.2 3.8 - 6.6

 Black .............................................................................. 52.5 46.0 12.2 10.0 - 14.5

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 50.2 45.0 10.3 3.9 - 16.8

Phoenix central city

Total ................................................................................ 70.8 67.3 5.0 4.1 - 6.0

 Men ................................................................................ 80.3 76.5 4.7 3.5 - 5.9

 Women .......................................................................... 61.8 58.5 5.4 4.0 - 6.9

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 52.8 44.0 16.6 11.5 - 21.7

 White ............................................................................. 71.1 68.0 4.4 3.4 - 5.3

 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 56.7 48.9 13.7 8.6 - 18.9

 Black .............................................................................. 63.1 55.6 11.8 6.5 - 17.0

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 66.8 64.0 4.2 2.5 - 5.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates,

employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1997

annual averages — Continued

Area and population group

Civilian labor

force

participation rate

Employmentpopulation

ratio

Unemployment

Rate Error range of

rate1

St. Louis central city

Total ................................................................................ 68.1 63.6 6.6 4.2 - 9.0

 Men ................................................................................ 75.8 70.5 7.0 3.6 - 10.3

 Women .......................................................................... 60.9 57.1 6.2 2.8 - 9.6

 White ............................................................................. 74.2 70.7 4.7 1.8 - 7.6

 Black .............................................................................. 63.7 58.4 8.4 4.6 - 12.2

San Antonio central city

Total ................................................................................ 66.6 63.6 4.5 3.3 - 5.7

 Men ................................................................................ 76.0 73.0 3.9 2.4 - 5.4

 Women .......................................................................... 58.8 55.8 5.1 3.4 - 6.9

 White ............................................................................. 66.1 63.1 4.6 3.3 - 5.8

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 65.7 62.1 5.5 3.8 - 7.2

San Diego central city

Total ................................................................................ 67.3 63.7 5.3 4.1 - 6.6

 Men ................................................................................ 75.4 71.0 5.8 4.0 - 7.5

 Women .......................................................................... 59.2 56.3 4.8 3.0 - 6.6

 White ............................................................................. 67.0 64.5 3.7 2.5 - 5.0

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 65.2 63.0 3.4 1.2 - 5.5

San Francisco central city

Total ................................................................................ 73.1 69.7 4.7 3.4 - 6.1

 Men ................................................................................ 78.1 74.0 5.3 3.4 - 7.3

 Women .......................................................................... 68.5 65.7 4.1 2.3 - 5.8

 White ............................................................................. 77.3 74.0 4.3 2.7 - 5.9

 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 81.2 77.2 4.9 1.8 - 8.1

1 Error ranges are calculated at the 90-percent confidence

interval, which means that if repeated samples were drawn

from the same population and an error range constructed

around each sample estimate, in 9 out of 10 cases the true

value based on a complete census of the population would be

contained within these error ranges.

 NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when

they do not meet BLS publication standards of reliability for the

particular area based on the sample in that area. See

appendix B.
Table 24. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1997

annual averages

Population group and area

Total

employed1

Managerial and professional

specialty

Technical, sales, and

administrative support

Service

occupations

Precision

production,

craft, and

repair

Operators, fabricators, and laborers

Executive,

administrative, and

managerial

Professional

specialty

Technicians

and related

support

Sales

Administrative support, including

clerical

Machine

operators,

assemblers, and

inspectors

Transportation and

material

moving

Handlers,

equipment

cleaners,

helpers,

and laborers

TOTAL

Metropolitan areas:2

Atlanta MSA ...................................... 100.0 19.8 15.9 3.7 13.3 14.4 10.5 10.0 4.1 3.5 4.0

Baltimore PMSA ............................... 100.0 16.2 19.8 3.8 13.5 15.9 12.2 8.3 3.3 2.8 3.0

Bergen-Passaic PMSA ..................... 100.0 17.1 16.0 4.5 16.0 15.6 9.7 8.1 7.1 2.7 2.5

Boston PMSA ................................... 100.0 18.7 21.4 3.9 11.2 13.6 12.5 8.7 3.3 2.7 3.2

Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ............... 100.0 14.3 15.6 4.8 12.4 15.2 13.6 10.8 5.5 3.6 2.1

Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ... 100.0 14.8 11.5 3.6 11.2 16.2 10.7 12.6 8.8 4.4 4.6

Chicago PMSA ................................. 100.0 16.9 16.2 2.6 13.0 15.8 11.8 9.7 5.7 4.0 3.8

Cincinnati PMSA ............................... 100.0 16.4 15.1 3.9 13.1 14.6 11.8 10.5 6.5 3.7 3.4

Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ......... 100.0 13.4 14.2 3.5 12.3 14.6 14.0 11.9 6.9 3.7 4.1

Columbus, Ohio MSA ....................... 100.0 15.2 15.2 3.2 11.5 17.8 12.8 8.9 5.0 4.4 3.8

Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA .................. 100.0 16.4 15.6 3.2 12.6 15.9 11.5 11.4 5.4 3.7 3.0

Dayton-Springfield MSA ................... 100.0 14.9 16.0 3.7 8.7 12.4 16.0 10.5 9.7 3.2 4.0

Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ....... 100.0 18.6 17.1 4.2 13.5 15.3 10.6 9.8 3.4 3.5 3.1

Detroit PMSA .................................... 100.0 14.0 16.2 3.5 12.4 14.0 13.0 11.4 7.8 3.3 3.8

Fort Lauderdale PMSA ..................... 100.0 16.5 13.6 3.5 14.8 14.2 14.5 12.6 2.0 3.5 3.2

Hartford MSA .................................... 100.0 13.8 16.3 4.1 11.9 15.8 13.1 9.6 6.2 3.6 4.0

Houston PMSA ................................. 100.0 13.6 15.9 3.8 14.6 13.7 12.0 11.5 4.4 5.3 3.5

Indianapolis MSA .............................. 100.0 18.4 16.2 3.0 13.3 14.9 10.3 9.2 6.6 3.4 3.9

Kansas City MSA .............................. 100.0 16.2 14.8 3.4 13.3 15.1 13.4 10.3 5.7 2.7 4.6

Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ...... 100.0 15.6 15.1 2.5 11.8 14.1 13.5 9.7 8.5 3.4 3.9

Louisville MSA .................................. 100.0 16.7 13.3 3.8 11.1 15.4 12.8 10.9 6.5 4.1 4.6

Memphis MSA .................................. 100.0 16.3 11.8 3.8 12.9 15.1 13.7 11.3 4.1 5.1 4.7

Miami PMSA ..................................... 100.0 14.9 11.9 3.0 13.7 15.7 15.7 8.7 4.4 5.3 4.8

Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ........... 100.0 15.6 16.2 3.0 10.9 15.6 10.9 11.1 7.4 4.3 3.8

Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................ 100.0 19.1 15.5 3.4 13.4 15.2 12.2 10.6 3.8 2.8 2.9

Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ...................... 100.0 16.6 15.9 3.3 13.7 16.6 12.9 10.9 4.2 2.9 2.3

New Orleans MSA ............................ 100.0 12.8 14.6 2.8 12.5 17.2 15.9 10.7 3.2 5.8 3.4

New York PMSA ............................... 100.0 15.7 16.8 2.6 10.6 15.6 18.7 7.6 4.4 3.6 3.8

Newark PMSA .................................. 100.0 16.1 15.1 3.6 12.8 16.0 14.6 7.9 5.3 4.0 3.7

Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport

News MSA .................................. 100.0 14.7 14.9 5.1 13.3 14.3 13.6 10.8 3.8 3.7 4.3

Oakland PMSA ................................. 100.0 19.1 19.3 4.8 14.6 15.1 8.4 9.2 2.1 4.1 2.7

Oklahoma City MSA ......................... 100.0 16.9 16.2 3.6 12.4 16.3 12.0 9.7 4.5 3.1 4.0

Orange County PMSA ...................... 100.0 19.1 14.9 3.7 14.0 11.9 12.3 11.5 6.6 2.3 2.9

Philadelphia PMSA ........................... 100.0 16.2 18.4 3.1 13.2 16.4 12.7 8.5 3.6 3.4 3.2

Phoenix-Mesa MSA .......................... 100.0 15.2 13.7 3.6 12.9 15.3 13.2 11.5 5.2 3.3 3.3

Pittsburgh MSA ................................. 100.0 16.3 17.7 3.1 12.6 14.0 13.4 10.0 4.3 4.3 3.5

Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............... 100.0 16.4 14.4 3.2 12.4 14.1 11.9 10.8 6.2 4.0 4.9

Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA 100.0 13.1 16.7 3.3 11.5 13.9 13.1 11.4 9.5 2.7 3.6

Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ..... 100.0 11.5 13.1 2.8 12.8 16.5 13.5 12.8 4.8 5.1 4.7

Rochester MSA ................................ 100.0 13.5 15.9 3.1 11.4 12.7 14.7 12.1 6.8 3.9 3.6

Sacramento-Yolo CMSA .................. 100.0 17.4 16.7 3.8 13.6 16.5 11.8 8.8 2.9 3.4 3.6

St. Louis MSA ................................... 100.0 11.6 15.7 3.8 12.7 15.1 14.3 11.5 5.3 3.9 3.6

Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............... 100.0 14.8 14.6 3.6 13.1 17.7 10.2 12.3 5.0 3.6 3.7

San Antonio MSA ............................. 100.0 13.3 12.3 2.8 11.9 16.2 16.3 10.4 5.7 5.0 3.8

San Diego MSA ................................ 100.0 14.2 15.8 3.8 14.0 14.2 15.2 10.1 4.4 2.4 3.2

San Francisco PMSA ....................... 100.0 20.0 19.0 2.2 13.6 12.8 14.1 8.3 3.8 1.8 2.6

San Jose PMSA ............................... 100.0 17.6 23.7 5.5 10.6 11.1 7.9 10.3 7.3 2.0 2.5

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........ 100.0 20.2 20.8 3.7 11.4 13.0 10.5 9.2 3.4 2.9 3.8

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater

MSA ............................................ 100.0 14.8 11.0 3.2 14.8 16.2 15.6 11.3 4.2 3.6 3.1

Washington D.C. PMSA ................... 100.0 21.7 22.6 3.4 9.5 13.5 12.9 7.9 1.3 3.1 2.6

Cities:

Baltimore central city ........................ 100.0 11.1 12.3 4.2 9.8 15.9 21.5 9.3 4.3 5.6 5.5

Chicago central city .......................... 100.0 15.5 15.6 2.3 10.5 14.7 16.7 8.6 6.7 4.4 4.5

Cleveland central city ....................... 100.0 8.4 9.7 3.1 9.6 15.8 18.2 11.5 13.1 4.5 5.2

Dallas central city ............................. 100.0 15.4 16.9 2.6 12.6 15.4 11.5 11.8 5.8 3.2 3.1

Detroit central city ............................. 100.0 6.4 8.4 2.7 8.3 16.9 24.2 8.6 14.4 4.4 5.2

District of Columbia .......................... 100.0 22.1 24.5 4.1 7.1 15.1 16.9 3.6 1.3 3.0 1.9

Houston central city .......................... 100.0 13.2 14.6 3.2 13.2 13.2 16.0 9.2 5.3 5.8 4.7

Indianapolis central city .................... 100.0 15.9 13.2 2.9 10.5 16.8 13.6 9.6 7.8 4.6 4.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 24. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1997

annual averages — Continued

Population group and area

Total

employed1

Managerial and professional

specialty

Technical, sales, and

administrative support

Service

occupations

Precision

production,

craft, and

repair

Operators, fabricators, and laborers

Executive,

administrative, and

managerial

Professional

specialty

Technicians

and related

support

Sales

Administrative support, including

clerical

Machine

operators,

assemblers, and

inspectors

Transportation and

material

moving

Handlers,

equipment

cleaners,

helpers,

and laborers

TOTAL–Continued

Cities:–Continued

Los Angeles central city .................... 100.0 14.9 15.4 2.2 11.0 12.6 16.6 9.0 8.9 2.8 4.0

Milwaukee central city ...................... 100.0 10.2 14.0 1.6 9.2 14.9 21.6 9.9 9.1 3.6 5.3

New York central city ........................ 100.0 14.8 16.0 2.4 10.1 15.9 20.0 7.5 5.0 3.7 4.1

Philadelphia central city .................... 100.0 12.0 17.6 2.5 10.9 18.6 18.8 7.0 4.3 3.5 3.7

Phoenix central city .......................... 100.0 12.9 11.8 3.6 11.1 15.9 13.2 13.0 7.2 4.1 4.1

St. Louis central city ......................... 100.0 6.4 23.2 4.2 9.7 15.7 19.2 5.5 7.9 2.3 5.5

San Antonio central city .................... 100.0 12.9 11.7 2.6 11.5 16.4 16.9 10.3 5.7 5.0 4.4

San Diego central city ....................... 100.0 13.8 17.0 3.6 12.0 15.2 16.3 10.6 4.2 2.4 3.4

San Francisco central city ................ 100.0 17.4 17.1 1.9 12.0 11.9 19.5 7.1 5.0 2.6 3.9

Men

Metropolitan areas:2

Atlanta MSA ...................................... 100.0 21.2 13.8 3.9 12.4 6.1 7.3 17.3 4.6 5.6 6.3

Baltimore PMSA ............................... 100.0 19.5 17.8 3.1 14.0 6.3 9.4 15.2 2.8 5.0 5.1

Bergen-Passaic PMSA ..................... 100.0 18.0 14.8 4.3 16.8 6.9 9.3 13.4 8.0 4.4 3.5

Boston PMSA ................................... 100.0 18.8 19.4 3.5 10.8 6.2 11.8 15.1 3.7 4.4 4.9

Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ............... 100.0 17.0 14.6 2.4 11.1 6.9 9.5 18.6 8.0 6.9 3.0

Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ... 100.0 15.2 7.4 3.8 11.9 8.0 6.3 21.4 8.5 7.7 7.3

Chicago PMSA ................................. 100.0 16.9 14.6 2.8 12.2 6.8 10.2 16.3 6.9 6.7 5.7

Cincinnati PMSA ............................... 100.0 16.3 12.6 2.6 13.4 5.8 8.7 18.5 9.6 6.0 5.0

Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ......... 100.0 15.3 12.1 3.6 11.4 5.2 8.8 20.2 9.2 6.0 5.7

Columbus, Ohio MSA ....................... 100.0 18.0 14.7 3.0 10.3 8.0 9.6 14.9 6.0 7.6 5.0

Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA .................. 100.0 17.5 13.7 3.2 12.6 8.2 8.0 18.8 5.6 6.2 4.5

Dayton-Springfield MSA ................... 100.0 15.8 13.9 4.3 7.4 4.7 12.1 17.9 11.4 4.9 5.9

Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ....... 100.0 17.0 18.3 4.0 12.7 6.7 8.6 16.6 4.5 6.1 4.3

Detroit PMSA .................................... 100.0 14.5 15.8 3.2 11.2 4.6 9.3 19.5 9.4 5.8 5.6

Fort Lauderdale PMSA ..................... 100.0 17.8 10.7 2.9 15.0 4.0 13.0 21.0 2.2 5.9 4.8

Hartford MSA .................................... 100.0 13.5 15.7 3.6 10.4 4.9 10.7 17.5 8.7 6.1 6.8

Houston PMSA ................................. 100.0 14.1 14.6 3.7 13.8 5.3 7.5 19.0 5.9 8.6 5.0

Indianapolis MSA .............................. 100.0 22.6 14.1 1.7 13.4 5.6 6.4 15.4 8.4 5.4 5.8

Kansas City MSA .............................. 100.0 16.7 12.3 3.6 12.7 6.0 10.4 19.1 6.2 5.0 7.3

Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ...... 100.0 14.9 14.4 2.2 11.3 7.6 11.6 15.5 8.6 5.6 5.6

Louisville MSA .................................. 100.0 19.2 11.0 3.1 8.9 5.8 10.6 19.2 8.1 6.4 6.7

Memphis MSA .................................. 100.0 18.5 8.7 3.6 12.7 5.2 12.3 18.3 4.4 9.2 5.4

Miami PMSA ..................................... 100.0 14.4 10.8 2.5 13.4 7.7 13.5 14.1 4.2 9.3 7.2

Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ........... 100.0 15.5 13.1 2.2 9.7 6.1 8.4 19.3 11.3 6.9 5.7

Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................ 100.0 20.1 13.9 3.5 13.1 6.2 9.6 18.0 5.3 4.6 4.4

Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ...................... 100.0 18.5 13.5 2.9 14.0 5.9 13.1 18.3 4.9 4.3 3.4

New Orleans MSA ............................ 100.0 12.8 15.9 2.9 8.9 6.8 11.0 19.4 4.8 10.5 5.6

New York PMSA ............................... 100.0 16.4 14.2 2.1 11.1 8.5 17.1 12.9 3.9 6.4 6.3

Newark PMSA .................................. 100.0 18.0 13.3 3.9 12.5 6.5 12.7 13.3 6.0 6.8 5.9

Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport

News MSA .................................. 100.0 16.2 12.4 5.7 12.1 3.6 9.6 19.4 4.8 5.5 8.3

Oakland PMSA ................................. 100.0 20.0 21.2 4.5 14.0 5.0 5.6 14.9 3.2 6.5 3.9

Oklahoma City MSA ......................... 100.0 16.8 15.1 2.9 12.3 6.8 10.5 16.9 5.9 5.1 6.3

Orange County PMSA ...................... 100.0 18.4 14.2 2.8 14.7 5.3 9.5 17.8 7.6 3.9 4.3

Philadelphia PMSA ........................... 100.0 17.5 16.6 2.4 12.8 6.4 11.2 15.3 4.8 5.9 5.2

Phoenix-Mesa MSA .......................... 100.0 14.3 12.7 3.7 12.2 5.6 11.7 18.9 6.0 5.3 4.9

Pittsburgh MSA ................................. 100.0 19.8 15.9 2.6 11.4 6.0 7.7 16.7 5.6 7.6 5.2

Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............... 100.0 16.2 13.5 2.2 10.9 6.6 8.6 18.1 7.5 7.0 7.6

Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA 100.0 14.1 14.8 2.6 10.8 4.9 11.2 19.5 9.9 4.6 5.6

Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ..... 100.0 11.4 10.4 2.3 11.4 7.5 11.4 20.2 5.9 8.1 7.2

Rochester MSA ................................ 100.0 14.6 15.4 2.3 11.0 5.8 10.9 19.4 7.1 5.2 4.3

Sacramento-Yolo CMSA .................. 100.0 18.3 14.9 2.9 13.8 7.8 10.1 15.2 2.7 5.4 6.4

St. Louis MSA ................................... 100.0 11.3 12.1 3.3 10.0 8.4 11.6 19.8 7.6 6.7 5.4

Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............... 100.0 15.6 12.1 4.2 12.6 7.3 8.1 20.7 5.2 6.1 5.8

San Antonio MSA ............................. 100.0 14.9 9.3 3.1 11.4 6.7 11.7 18.6 7.1 8.4 5.7

San Diego MSA ................................ 100.0 14.7 14.7 3.2 13.4 7.1 12.5 16.2 5.4 4.2 4.4

San Francisco PMSA ....................... 100.0 17.0 17.5 2.4 14.1 6.6 13.9 15.0 3.9 3.2 3.6

San Jose PMSA ............................... 100.0 17.5 26.1 7.7 9.4 4.7 4.6 14.5 6.5 2.8 3.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 24. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1997

annual averages — Continued

Population group and area

Total

employed1

Managerial and professional

specialty

Technical, sales, and

administrative support

Service

occupations

Precision

production,

craft, and

repair

Operators, fabricators, and laborers

Executive,

administrative, and

managerial

Professional

specialty

Technicians

and related

support

Sales

Administrative support, including

clerical

Machine

operators,

assemblers, and

inspectors

Transportation and

material

moving

Handlers,

equipment

cleaners,

helpers,

and laborers

Men–Continued

Metropolitan areas:2–Continued

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........ 100.0 19.0 19.3 3.5 11.5 5.8 8.5 15.7 4.3 4.7 5.9

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater

MSA ............................................ 100.0 15.5 9.6 2.8 13.6 6.3 13.8 20.1 4.9 5.5 4.5

Washington D.C. PMSA ................... 100.0 23.2 22.4 3.6 8.2 4.4 11.5 13.9 1.6 5.4 3.9

Cities:

Baltimore central city ........................ 100.0 9.5 11.6 2.6 8.8 4.3 19.4 16.4 5.2 10.8 10.7

Chicago central city .......................... 100.0 13.5 14.3 1.9 9.3 6.5 16.1 15.0 8.3 7.5 6.8

Cleveland central city ....................... 100.0 9.7 8.4 4.8 7.0 4.8 12.3 20.1 16.3 8.3 6.5

Dallas central city ............................. 100.0 16.2 15.4 1.6 12.2 8.3 8.8 19.7 6.4 5.4 4.8

Detroit central city ............................. 100.0 5.8 7.6 2.2 2.9 6.5 20.3 16.7 17.8 9.3 10.2

District of Columbia .......................... 100.0 22.4 23.8 4.4 6.7 7.7 16.9 6.5 1.5 5.9 3.6

Houston central city .......................... 100.0 12.6 13.5 2.5 13.4 6.5 10.6 14.6 7.8 9.1 6.9

Indianapolis central city .................... 100.0 20.2 9.7 1.4 10.0 7.4 8.9 17.4 9.9 7.7 6.9

Los Angeles central city .................... 100.0 14.5 14.7 1.9 10.8 7.2 13.8 14.0 8.7 4.5 5.8

Milwaukee central city ...................... 100.0 7.5 6.2 1.7 6.5 6.1 21.1 19.7 15.7 5.1 9.6

New York central city ........................ 100.0 15.5 13.4 2.0 10.7 8.9 18.3 12.8 4.5 6.6 6.8

Philadelphia central city .................... 100.0 10.5 14.9 1.3 10.3 10.1 18.7 13.5 5.9 6.6 7.0

Phoenix central city .......................... 100.0 11.6 10.7 3.9 9.9 5.5 10.8 21.1 8.1 6.5 6.5

St. Louis central city ......................... 100.0 6.2 17.4 2.5 4.0 9.2 25.7 10.4 11.4 4.3 8.7

San Antonio central city .................... 100.0 14.5 8.3 2.1 9.9 6.7 14.0 18.2 7.2 8.9 6.4

San Diego central city ....................... 100.0 14.2 15.6 4.0 11.3 8.2 14.7 15.9 4.5 4.3 4.9

San Francisco central city ................ 100.0 12.2 17.4 3.1 10.5 6.8 21.5 12.8 4.0 4.7 5.3

Women

Metropolitan areas:2

Atlanta MSA ...................................... 100.0 18.3 18.3 3.5 14.2 23.9 14.2 1.6 3.5 1.1 1.3

Baltimore PMSA ............................... 100.0 12.9 21.9 4.5 13.0 25.9 15.0 1.2 3.9 .4 .8

Bergen-Passaic PMSA ..................... 100.0 16.1 17.6 4.6 15.1 26.6 10.3 1.6 5.9 .6 1.2

Boston PMSA ................................... 100.0 18.6 23.6 4.3 11.7 21.6 13.3 1.7 3.0 .8 1.2

Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ............... 100.0 11.6 16.7 7.4 13.8 23.9 17.8 2.7 3.0 .1 1.2

Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ... 100.0 14.4 16.2 3.3 10.3 25.6 15.8 2.7 9.0 .7 1.4

Chicago PMSA ................................. 100.0 16.9 18.1 2.4 13.9 26.5 13.6 1.8 4.2 .9 1.5

Cincinnati PMSA ............................... 100.0 16.6 17.8 5.3 12.8 24.3 15.2 1.5 3.1 1.2 1.5

Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ......... 100.0 11.3 16.5 3.5 13.3 25.1 19.9 2.6 4.2 1.1 2.2

Columbus, Ohio MSA ....................... 100.0 12.2 15.8 3.5 12.9 28.7 16.3 2.3 3.9 .9 2.4

Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA .................. 100.0 15.0 17.9 3.1 12.6 25.3 15.8 2.4 5.0 .7 1.3

Dayton-Springfield MSA ................... 100.0 13.8 18.5 3.0 10.3 21.6 20.8 1.6 7.6 1.2 1.6

Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ....... 100.0 20.4 15.7 4.4 14.4 25.2 13.0 1.8 2.2 .5 1.7

Detroit PMSA .................................... 100.0 13.4 16.5 3.8 13.9 24.9 17.3 2.0 6.0 .4 1.6

Fort Lauderdale PMSA ..................... 100.0 15.0 16.9 4.2 14.6 25.7 16.3 3.0 1.8 .7 1.3

Hartford MSA .................................... 100.0 14.1 17.0 4.6 13.3 26.9 15.6 1.6 3.8 1.0 1.2

Houston PMSA ................................. 100.0 12.9 17.5 4.0 15.6 25.1 18.0 1.5 2.3 .9 1.5

Indianapolis MSA .............................. 100.0 13.9 18.4 4.4 13.2 25.0 14.7 2.4 4.5 1.1 1.8

Kansas City MSA .............................. 100.0 15.7 17.4 3.1 13.9 24.3 16.4 1.4 5.1 .4 1.8

Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ...... 100.0 16.5 15.9 3.0 12.4 23.1 16.1 1.8 8.4 .5 1.6

Louisville MSA .................................. 100.0 13.9 15.8 4.6 13.4 26.0 15.3 1.8 4.7 1.6 2.3

Memphis MSA .................................. 100.0 14.0 15.1 4.0 13.0 25.3 15.1 4.2 3.8 1.0 3.9

Miami PMSA ..................................... 100.0 15.6 13.4 3.5 14.2 25.7 18.5 2.0 4.6 .3 1.9

Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ........... 100.0 15.7 19.8 3.8 12.3 26.6 13.7 1.7 2.9 1.4 1.5

Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................ 100.0 17.9 17.5 3.2 13.8 25.6 15.3 2.1 2.1 .7 1.2

Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ...................... 100.0 14.3 18.9 3.8 13.3 29.5 12.7 1.9 3.3 1.2 .9

New Orleans MSA ............................ 100.0 12.9 13.3 2.7 16.2 28.1 21.0 1.8 1.6 .9 1.2

New York PMSA ............................... 100.0 14.8 19.9 3.2 10.0 23.9 20.5 1.2 5.0 .3 .9

Newark PMSA .................................. 100.0 14.1 17.1 3.1 13.2 26.4 16.6 2.0 4.6 .8 1.2

Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport

News MSA .................................. 100.0 13.4 17.3 4.6 14.5 24.8 17.6 2.5 2.8 1.9 .4

Oakland PMSA ................................. 100.0 18.1 17.1 5.2 15.2 26.7 11.7 2.7 .9 1.3 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 24. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1997

annual averages — Continued

Population group and area

Total

employed1

Managerial and professional

specialty

Technical, sales, and

administrative support

Service

occupations

Precision

production,

craft, and

repair

Operators, fabricators, and laborers

Executive,

administrative, and

managerial

Professional

specialty

Technicians

and related

support

Sales

Administrative support, including

clerical

Machine

operators,

assemblers, and

inspectors

Transportation and

material

moving

Handlers,

equipment

cleaners,

helpers,

and laborers

Women–Continued

Metropolitan areas:2–Continued

Oklahoma City MSA ......................... 100.0 17.0 17.3 4.4 12.4 27.1 13.7 1.6 3.0 .9 1.5

Orange County PMSA ...................... 100.0 20.0 15.8 4.7 13.0 20.5 16.0 3.2 5.4 .2 1.1

Philadelphia PMSA ........................... 100.0 14.7 20.4 3.9 13.6 27.0 14.3 1.3 2.3 .8 1.1

Phoenix-Mesa MSA .......................... 100.0 16.3 14.9 3.6 13.8 27.4 15.2 2.2 4.2 .8 1.2

Pittsburgh MSA ................................. 100.0 12.4 19.7 3.6 13.9 23.0 19.8 2.3 2.9 .5 1.6

Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............... 100.0 16.7 15.6 4.4 14.3 23.6 16.2 1.6 4.7 .2 1.5

Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA 100.0 11.9 18.9 4.1 12.4 23.9 15.3 2.3 9.0 .6 1.4

Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ..... 100.0 11.8 16.7 3.5 14.5 28.5 16.2 2.9 3.3 1.1 1.4

Rochester MSA ................................ 100.0 12.3 16.4 3.9 11.8 20.5 18.8 4.0 6.5 2.4 2.8

Sacramento-Yolo CMSA .................. 100.0 16.3 18.8 5.0 13.4 26.9 13.7 1.1 3.2 1.0 .3

St. Louis MSA ................................... 100.0 11.9 19.7 4.5 15.6 22.5 17.2 2.4 2.8 .8 1.7

Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............... 100.0 13.8 17.5 2.9 13.7 29.9 12.8 2.4 4.7 .7 1.3

San Antonio MSA ............................. 100.0 11.6 15.6 2.5 12.5 26.6 21.4 1.3 4.1 1.1 1.7

San Diego MSA ................................ 100.0 13.5 17.3 4.4 14.6 22.9 18.5 2.7 3.3 .2 1.7

San Francisco PMSA ....................... 100.0 23.4 20.6 1.8 12.9 19.6 14.3 .9 3.7 .2 1.6

San Jose PMSA ............................... 100.0 17.6 20.7 2.7 12.1 19.0 12.0 5.0 8.3 .9 1.2

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........ 100.0 21.7 22.5 4.0 11.2 21.8 12.9 1.4 2.3 .7 1.2

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater

MSA ............................................ 100.0 14.0 12.6 3.7 16.1 27.2 17.6 1.5 3.4 1.4 1.7

Washington D.C. PMSA ................... 100.0 20.1 22.9 3.2 11.1 24.0 14.4 1.0 1.0 .5 1.2

Cities:

Baltimore central city ........................ 100.0 12.6 12.9 5.7 10.7 27.0 23.5 2.6 3.5 .6 .4

Chicago central city .......................... 100.0 17.8 17.2 2.9 11.8 24.1 17.3 1.3 4.8 .7 1.9

Cleveland central city ....................... 100.0 6.9 11.1 1.4 12.2 27.5 24.3 2.6 9.7 .6 3.8

Dallas central city ............................. 100.0 14.5 18.8 3.8 13.2 24.3 15.0 2.0 5.2 .5 1.0

Detroit central city ............................. 100.0 6.9 9.1 3.2 12.6 25.2 27.3 2.3 11.7 .5 1.2

District of Columbia .......................... 100.0 21.8 25.3 3.7 7.5 22.3 16.9 .8 1.0 .3 .2

Houston central city .......................... 100.0 14.0 16.1 4.0 13.0 22.3 23.4 1.9 1.9 1.2 1.9

Indianapolis central city .................... 100.0 11.7 16.7 4.4 11.0 25.9 18.2 2.0 5.8 1.5 2.5

Los Angeles central city .................... 100.0 15.4 16.3 2.8 11.3 20.4 20.6 1.8 9.2 .3 1.5

Milwaukee central city ...................... 100.0 12.6 21.1 1.6 11.6 22.8 22.1 1.2 3.2 2.3 1.6

New York central city ........................ 100.0 13.9 19.2 3.0 9.4 24.3 22.0 1.3 5.6 .3 1.0

Philadelphia central city .................... 100.0 13.5 20.2 3.7 11.4 26.7 18.9 .9 2.8 .6 .5

Phoenix central city .......................... 100.0 14.5 13.2 3.2 12.6 28.8 16.1 2.9 6.1 1.0 1.2

St. Louis central city ......................... 100.0 6.6 29.9 6.1 16.2 23.2 11.5 .1 3.8 3 ( ) 1.8

San Antonio central city .................... 100.0 11.1 15.3 3.0 13.3 26.9 20.0 1.7 4.1 .7 2.2

San Diego central city ....................... 100.0 13.2 18.9 3.1 13.0 23.9 18.2 4.0 3.8 3 ( ) 1.4

San Francisco central city ................ 100.0 22.9 16.8 .7 13.6 17.3 17.4 1.1 5.9 .4 2.5

White

Metropolitan areas:2

Atlanta MSA ...................................... 100.0 22.0 18.2 4.1 15.0 13.3 8.2 10.9 2.7 2.5 2.0

Baltimore PMSA ............................... 100.0 19.1 21.4 3.8 14.6 14.2 9.1 9.3 2.6 2.1 2.6

Bergen-Passaic PMSA ..................... 100.0 16.9 15.8 4.3 16.6 15.6 9.6 8.8 6.5 2.6 2.7

Boston PMSA ................................... 100.0 19.2 21.6 3.8 11.9 13.5 11.4 9.0 2.8 2.7 3.2

Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ............... 100.0 15.3 15.4 5.0 13.3 15.0 12.8 10.7 5.0 3.6 1.8

Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ... 100.0 17.4 13.8 3.8 12.6 16.1 8.4 13.6 6.0 3.3 2.9

Chicago PMSA ................................. 100.0 18.3 16.3 2.5 13.4 15.0 10.5 10.4 5.7 3.6 3.5

Cincinnati PMSA ............................... 100.0 16.8 15.5 3.5 13.4 14.7 10.4 10.8 6.5 3.8 3.5

Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ......... 100.0 14.4 14.1 3.6 12.8 14.3 13.2 12.1 6.2 3.6 4.1

Columbus, Ohio MSA ....................... 100.0 16.2 14.9 3.3 11.4 17.2 11.8 9.8 4.6 4.7 3.9

Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA .................. 100.0 18.0 15.8 3.1 12.6 15.2 10.7 11.9 5.0 3.4 2.9

Dayton-Springfield MSA ................... 100.0 16.1 16.8 3.9 9.3 13.0 13.5 10.4 9.1 3.3 3.8

Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ....... 100.0 19.1 17.8 4.2 13.6 15.2 10.0 9.6 3.4 3.4 2.8

Detroit PMSA .................................... 100.0 15.1 16.6 3.4 13.4 13.5 11.1 12.3 6.8 3.2 3.8

Fort Lauderdale PMSA ..................... 100.0 20.3 14.0 3.7 15.6 15.1 9.8 13.4 1.7 2.6 2.4

Hartford MSA .................................... 100.0 14.7 17.1 4.1 11.8 14.6 11.8 10.1 6.4 4.0 3.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 24. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1997

annual averages — Continued

Population group and area

Total

employed1

Managerial and professional

specialty

Technical, sales, and

administrative support

Service

occupations

Precision

production,

craft, and

repair

Operators, fabricators, and laborers

Executive,

administrative, and

managerial

Professional

specialty

Technicians

and related

support

Sales

Administrative support, including

clerical

Machine

operators,

assemblers, and

inspectors

Transportation and

material

moving

Handlers,

equipment

cleaners,

helpers,

and laborers

White–Continued

Metropolitan areas:2–Continued

Houston PMSA ................................. 100.0 14.9 16.4 3.8 14.3 13.4 10.5 12.9 4.1 4.8 3.0

Indianapolis MSA .............................. 100.0 18.9 17.2 2.8 12.9 15.0 9.6 9.3 5.6 3.5 4.4

Kansas City MSA .............................. 100.0 16.8 15.2 3.1 14.0 14.5 12.0 10.9 5.6 2.6 4.5

Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ...... 100.0 14.9 14.3 2.3 11.1 13.2 14.0 10.6 9.8 3.7 4.1

Louisville MSA .................................. 100.0 18.2 13.9 4.2 11.3 14.7 11.7 11.3 5.4 3.9 4.4

Memphis MSA .................................. 100.0 21.1 15.0 4.6 13.1 11.8 10.7 14.6 1.8 3.3 2.5

Miami PMSA ..................................... 100.0 16.9 13.0 2.9 14.2 14.9 13.9 8.8 4.5 5.1 4.2

Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ........... 100.0 16.1 16.8 3.3 11.4 16.1 8.4 11.7 7.2 4.4 3.6

Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................ 100.0 19.4 15.4 3.4 13.4 15.1 12.0 11.3 3.3 2.8 3.0

Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ...................... 100.0 16.7 15.6 3.2 14.0 16.5 12.8 10.9 4.2 3.0 2.2

New Orleans MSA ............................ 100.0 14.6 18.1 3.0 13.5 17.2 11.5 11.8 1.9 4.6 2.3

New York PMSA ............................... 100.0 18.2 18.6 2.3 11.5 14.3 15.5 7.7 3.9 3.3 3.8

Newark PMSA .................................. 100.0 18.4 15.0 3.2 14.3 16.3 11.2 9.1 4.5 3.6 3.3

Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport

News MSA .................................. 100.0 17.0 15.4 5.7 15.7 15.0 10.0 10.8 1.6 2.9 4.6

Oakland PMSA ................................. 100.0 21.0 19.3 4.8 14.8 12.5 7.8 9.6 1.9 4.8 2.7

Oklahoma City MSA ......................... 100.0 17.3 15.8 3.2 13.9 16.5 11.0 10.2 4.2 3.4 3.1

Orange County PMSA ...................... 100.0 19.7 14.3 2.8 14.7 12.1 12.5 11.2 6.0 2.6 3.3

Philadelphia PMSA ........................... 100.0 17.6 19.5 3.2 13.3 15.7 10.3 9.5 3.6 3.2 2.9

Phoenix-Mesa MSA .......................... 100.0 15.8 14.0 3.8 13.1 15.0 12.9 11.3 4.5 3.4 3.2

Pittsburgh MSA ................................. 100.0 16.8 17.3 3.0 12.9 13.8 13.1 10.1 4.3 4.2 3.6

Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............... 100.0 16.5 14.7 3.4 12.1 14.3 11.6 11.1 5.4 4.1 5.0

Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA 100.0 13.5 16.8 3.3 11.9 14.1 12.7 11.4 8.7 2.8 3.5

Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ..... 100.0 11.6 12.4 2.9 12.5 15.8 13.5 13.4 5.2 5.2 4.9

Rochester MSA ................................ 100.0 14.4 16.9 2.9 11.8 12.4 12.6 12.9 6.7 3.1 3.5

Sacramento-Yolo CMSA .................. 100.0 18.2 16.9 4.0 13.7 15.9 11.5 8.6 2.6 3.3 3.8

St. Louis MSA ................................... 100.0 12.2 15.8 4.0 13.6 13.9 12.0 13.1 5.3 4.1 3.4

Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............... 100.0 15.0 15.1 3.5 13.4 17.8 10.0 12.2 4.4 3.5 3.7

San Antonio MSA ............................. 100.0 13.8 12.2 2.7 12.0 16.8 14.3 11.0 6.1 4.8 3.9

San Diego MSA ................................ 100.0 15.4 17.4 3.6 14.3 13.0 14.4 9.3 4.1 2.9 2.6

San Francisco PMSA ....................... 100.0 21.9 21.5 2.1 13.3 11.4 12.7 8.4 2.9 1.2 2.5

San Jose PMSA ............................... 100.0 18.5 22.0 4.6 11.3 13.3 8.1 9.1 5.8 2.6 2.9

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........ 100.0 20.7 21.3 3.4 11.6 13.3 9.3 9.8 3.0 3.0 3.5

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater

MSA ............................................ 100.0 15.8 11.1 3.1 14.9 16.5 14.8 10.8 3.8 3.6 3.4

Washington D.C. PMSA ................... 100.0 23.4 25.3 3.1 9.5 11.5 12.3 8.2 1.1 2.0 2.1

Cities:

Baltimore central city ........................ 100.0 16.8 15.4 4.9 16.2 8.1 15.2 13.7 .9 2.6 4.9

Chicago central city .......................... 100.0 18.4 16.5 2.5 10.9 12.2 13.1 10.3 7.6 3.7 4.1

Cleveland central city ....................... 100.0 10.1 9.7 4.3 9.8 17.8 14.6 11.7 11.1 4.9 5.4

Dallas central city ............................. 100.0 18.0 17.9 3.1 12.1 12.4 10.0 12.9 5.6 2.3 3.7

Detroit central city ............................. 100.0 6.0 7.9 1.3 8.0 14.5 23.1 7.2 14.0 5.8 10.8

District of Columbia .......................... 100.0 29.7 36.4 5.1 7.1 9.2 9.6 1.1 .4 .5 .6

Houston central city .......................... 100.0 15.3 15.8 3.5 12.4 12.7 13.4 11.0 5.4 4.9 3.8

Indianapolis central city .................... 100.0 18.3 14.5 2.4 9.2 17.0 12.4 9.5 5.6 5.1 5.8

Los Angeles central city .................... 100.0 14.2 15.2 1.8 10.2 11.2 17.0 9.7 10.5 2.7 4.2

Milwaukee central city ...................... 100.0 8.7 16.9 2.3 9.7 17.4 16.5 10.8 8.9 4.0 4.8

New York central city ........................ 100.0 17.5 18.0 2.1 10.9 14.5 16.9 7.5 4.7 3.4 4.2

Philadelphia central city .................... 100.0 14.5 21.6 2.3 11.4 16.2 13.3 9.5 4.9 2.3 3.0

Phoenix central city .......................... 100.0 14.0 12.5 3.7 11.3 14.8 13.4 12.7 5.9 4.2 4.0

St. Louis central city ......................... 100.0 7.7 25.6 7.5 11.0 14.6 9.9 9.6 8.3 1.0 3.9

San Antonio central city .................... 100.0 13.6 11.4 2.6 11.4 17.6 13.9 11.0 6.2 4.7 4.8

San Diego central city ....................... 100.0 15.3 20.3 3.2 12.7 13.6 15.2 8.9 3.3 3.2 2.7

San Francisco central city ................ 100.0 19.7 20.7 2.8 10.9 10.2 18.8 5.8 2.8 1.7 4.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 24. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1997

annual averages — Continued

Population group and area

Total

employed1

Managerial and professional

specialty

Technical, sales, and

administrative support

Service

occupations

Precision

production,

craft, and

repair

Operators, fabricators, and laborers

Executive,

administrative, and

managerial

Professional

specialty

Technicians

and related

support

Sales

Administrative support, including

clerical

Machine

operators,

assemblers, and

inspectors

Transportation and

material

moving

Handlers,

equipment

cleaners,

helpers,

and laborers

Black

Metropolitan areas:2

Atlanta MSA ...................................... 100.0 14.5 10.7 3.0 8.8 18.1 15.7 8.0 6.8 5.9 8.0

Baltimore PMSA ............................... 100.0 8.0 13.1 3.3 8.5 23.1 22.0 5.6 5.5 5.4 4.4

Bergen-Passaic PMSA ..................... 100.0 7.5 15.1 7.6 8.4 23.4 18.6 2.8 8.7 6.7 1.2

Boston PMSA ................................... 100.0 14.2 16.7 5.3 5.4 15.2 25.1 6.3 6.2 2.8 2.7

Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ............... 100.0 3.4 11.0 3.7 4.1 18.0 24.5 13.8 12.1 4.2 4.8

Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ... 100.0 7.3 5.0 2.6 7.4 17.0 17.6 8.8 16.5 8.1 9.8

Chicago PMSA ................................. 100.0 10.8 12.4 2.3 9.9 21.4 18.5 7.1 5.4 6.6 5.5

Cincinnati PMSA ............................... 100.0 14.1 8.5 6.2 12.8 14.3 22.8 8.2 6.8 3.6 2.7

Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ......... 100.0 7.8 10.5 2.4 8.7 18.2 20.6 11.3 11.1 4.8 3.9

Columbus, Ohio MSA ....................... 100.0 9.1 11.0 2.1 14.6 25.0 18.5 5.0 7.4 2.8 3.9

Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA .................. 100.0 8.6 12.6 4.0 9.0 23.8 16.8 8.8 5.9 6.3 3.7

Dayton-Springfield MSA ................... 100.0 4.7 8.9 2.3 3.9 7.8 33.9 12.3 15.6 3.1 5.6

Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ....... 100.0 7.3 6.5 4.3 11.2 21.3 19.3 8.1 4.6 8.5 8.4

Detroit PMSA .................................... 100.0 9.1 9.2 3.4 8.5 17.4 22.6 8.3 12.8 4.1 4.0

Fort Lauderdale PMSA ..................... 100.0 3.6 11.1 3.0 10.6 11.3 30.5 10.8 3.6 6.5 6.3

Hartford MSA .................................... 100.0 8.6 9.7 4.7 12.8 24.0 21.7 7.1 4.7 1.0 4.3

Houston PMSA ................................. 100.0 8.3 11.0 3.8 13.0 17.2 18.8 6.8 4.8 8.9 6.5

Indianapolis MSA .............................. 100.0 14.4 8.4 4.4 15.7 15.7 15.1 9.4 11.9 2.9 1.1

Kansas City MSA .............................. 100.0 11.0 12.0 5.5 8.9 22.4 22.9 5.5 5.7 2.9 2.8

Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ...... 100.0 16.6 16.9 2.5 8.4 22.2 16.0 7.0 1.0 3.7 4.7

Louisville MSA .................................. 100.0 4.4 6.9 1.1 10.3 21.1 21.2 8.4 14.6 6.0 6.0

Memphis MSA .................................. 100.0 11.6 8.3 3.1 12.1 19.0 16.6 7.5 6.6 7.2 7.1

Miami PMSA ..................................... 100.0 5.0 6.4 3.5 11.6 19.7 24.8 8.7 4.1 6.1 8.3

Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ........... 100.0 11.8 7.0 3 ( ) 8.2 9.1 34.5 7.9 10.2 2.6 6.9

Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................ 100.0 15.7 17.4 3 ( ) 14.7 18.4 21.2 2.2 4.6 3.6 2.0

Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ...................... 100.0 13.9 11.8 2.7 9.0 22.3 18.9 13.1 4.1 1.3 3.0

New Orleans MSA ............................ 100.0 9.1 6.0 2.3 10.9 17.6 25.2 7.9 6.3 8.7 5.9

New York PMSA ............................... 100.0 8.7 12.5 2.5 7.8 20.5 27.9 7.5 3.7 4.2 4.3

Newark PMSA .................................. 100.0 9.3 14.0 4.0 8.2 15.4 24.9 5.5 7.8 5.6 4.9

Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport

News MSA .................................. 100.0 9.6 13.8 3.4 8.3 13.6 18.9 11.0 9.7 6.3 4.0

Oakland PMSA ................................. 100.0 14.5 12.5 4.7 16.2 22.7 13.8 7.9 1.2 5.4 .7

Oklahoma City MSA ......................... 100.0 14.7 15.0 7.7 4.6 17.7 14.1 7.7 6.4 .8 11.4

Orange County PMSA ...................... 100.0 25.0 6.1 4.2 11.6 14.6 15.5 15.6 5.6 3 ( ) 1.8

Philadelphia PMSA ........................... 100.0 9.6 10.9 2.7 10.2 21.2 26.6 3.9 3.7 5.4 5.3

Phoenix-Mesa MSA .......................... 100.0 15.9 5.8 .6 13.8 22.0 19.5 6.5 6.5 4.6 4.7

Pittsburgh MSA ................................. 100.0 9.5 11.1 5.8 8.8 19.7 22.0 8.3 6.0 6.0 2.9

Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............... 100.0 20.2 4.8 1.3 17.6 8.9 24.8 1.9 7.3 10.6 2.4

Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA 100.0 5.9 13.1 2.7 6.2 12.8 20.0 10.1 21.3 1.3 6.6

Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ..... 100.0 14.5 15.6 1.7 10.7 23.6 16.9 8.0 .8 5.2 2.5

Rochester MSA ................................ 100.0 2.7 8.3 4.8 9.0 15.6 32.3 6.7 6.2 9.8 4.4

Sacramento-Yolo CMSA .................. 100.0 12.0 8.8 3.5 5.2 15.8 24.3 13.0 3 ( ) 12.6 3.3

St. Louis MSA ................................... 100.0 7.5 14.9 2.4 8.9 22.2 25.9 4.1 4.1 3.3 5.2

Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............... 100.0 51.6 1.7 5.6 4.1 7.9 12.1 3 ( ) 2.2 14.9 .0

San Antonio MSA ............................. 100.0 7.5 11.0 5.1 9.7 10.6 41.9 3.9 1.0 5.6 3.6

San Diego MSA ................................ 100.0 2.0 5.5 4.5 12.2 36.6 18.0 9.4 1.1 .2 10.1

San Francisco PMSA ....................... 100.0 11.8 14.2 3 ( ) 18.8 25.6 10.8 8.1 3 ( ) 5.9 3.4

San Jose PMSA ............................... 100.0 40.0 18.7 .1 10.8 .2 17.0 9.1 3 ( ) .1 4.4

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........ 100.0 18.3 8.8 7.4 7.6 8.1 19.6 8.8 5.5 8.6 5.6

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater

MSA ............................................ 100.0 4.9 7.0 4.0 14.8 16.6 23.7 15.5 6.0 3.2 1.5

Washington D.C. PMSA ................... 100.0 17.1 12.1 4.0 9.2 20.2 16.1 7.2 2.1 6.5 4.6

Cities:

Baltimore central city ........................ 100.0 7.6 9.9 3.9 5.8 20.6 25.1 7.1 6.4 7.5 6.0

Chicago central city .......................... 100.0 9.2 12.4 1.8 9.3 20.9 24.3 5.4 4.8 5.9 5.9

Cleveland central city ....................... 100.0 5.9 4.8 1.3 9.8 13.7 26.9 10.7 16.0 4.4 4.8

Dallas central city ............................. 100.0 9.7 12.4 1.5 9.8 26.4 16.7 8.7 5.4 6.4 2.0

Detroit central city ............................. 100.0 6.4 8.3 2.8 8.6 17.5 24.8 9.0 14.1 4.2 4.1

District of Columbia .......................... 100.0 16.5 15.5 3.2 7.2 19.3 22.5 5.6 1.9 5.0 2.9

Houston central city .......................... 100.0 8.5 9.6 1.7 12.0 16.1 24.1 5.7 3.8 9.3 7.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 24. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1997

annual averages — Continued

Population group and area

Total

employed1

Managerial and professional

specialty

Technical, sales, and

administrative support

Service

occupations

Precision

production,

craft, and

repair

Operators, fabricators, and laborers

Executive,

administrative, and

managerial

Professional

specialty

Technicians

and related

support

Sales

Administrative support, including

clerical

Machine

operators,

assemblers, and

inspectors

Transportation and

material

moving

Handlers,

equipment

cleaners,

helpers,

and laborers

Black–Continued

Cities:–Continued

Indianapolis central city .................... 100.0 9.2 9.1 4.8 15.2 17.0 16.3 10.2 12.8 3.1 1.2

Los Angeles central city .................... 100.0 17.3 17.0 2.0 7.2 23.2 15.3 7.2 1.5 3.4 4.4

Milwaukee central city ...................... 100.0 12.1 5.7 3 ( ) 8.4 9.3 34.4 8.1 10.4 2.7 7.1

New York central city ........................ 100.0 8.6 12.6 2.4 7.8 20.3 27.7 7.7 3.5 4.4 4.3

Philadelphia central city .................... 100.0 9.5 12.3 3.0 10.1 21.6 26.3 3.6 3.1 5.2 4.7

Phoenix central city .......................... 100.0 4.7 6.5 .9 11.1 29.3 16.9 9.3 9.2 6.6 5.6

St. Louis central city ......................... 100.0 5.4 20.5 .9 8.8 17.5 29.8 1.4 4.3 4.0 7.6

San Antonio central city .................... 100.0 6.1 10.3 3.0 10.3 5.2 51.6 4.8 1.3 6.9 .4

San Diego central city ....................... 100.0 3.0 .5 3.2 15.4 36.5 22.1 8.6 3 ( ) .3 10.3

San Francisco central city ................ 100.0 14.5 13.9 3 ( ) 13.4 24.5 12.8 7.7 3 ( ) 7.6 3.8

Hispanic origin

Metropolitan areas:2

Atlanta MSA ...................................... 100.0 13.3 17.3 3.7 10.0 10.7 12.9 16.9 1.7 2.6 9.1

Baltimore PMSA ............................... 100.0 14.0 26.1 13.3 9.7 7.1 5.6 6.7 6.6 3 ( ) 4.9

Bergen-Passaic PMSA ..................... 100.0 8.7 6.7 2.5 15.6 12.2 16.8 7.4 22.7 3.6 3.1

Boston PMSA ................................... 100.0 4.7 9.0 1.6 4.9 8.8 38.2 11.9 12.7 3.1 4.6

Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ... 100.0 3 ( ) 3.8 3 ( ) 5.3 2.5 9.6 33.2 26.5 3 ( ) 5.4

Chicago PMSA ................................. 100.0 6.6 5.5 1.7 7.6 11.1 17.7 15.6 19.2 4.1 8.8

Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ......... 100.0 7.4 9.1 6.0 6.5 13.7 10.4 19.4 18.5 1.6 4.8

Columbus, Ohio MSA ....................... 100.0 31.3 8.3 3 ( ) 1.2 12.0 15.1 15.1 12.3 .7 3.9

Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA .................. 100.0 7.8 6.3 1.9 7.3 9.9 21.4 20.9 11.4 5.0 5.7

Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ....... 100.0 12.8 8.6 1.9 11.7 18.3 17.9 13.0 5.7 3.7 5.0

Detroit PMSA .................................... 100.0 12.9 7.1 2.2 10.6 9.0 18.2 9.0 14.1 4.4 9.1

Fort Lauderdale PMSA ..................... 100.0 13.2 14.3 5.0 19.1 17.0 10.1 8.3 4.5 4.1 4.0

Hartford MSA .................................... 100.0 5.7 13.7 4.1 12.6 17.8 20.2 3.6 14.5 2.4 5.4

Houston PMSA ................................. 100.0 6.6 7.8 .8 8.8 12.6 18.5 20.4 8.5 5.8 6.3

Kansas City MSA .............................. 100.0 9.2 1.3 6.6 8.1 15.1 22.3 12.4 17.6 1.2 5.8

Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ...... 100.0 6.6 4.5 1.7 9.3 12.5 19.8 12.9 17.3 5.4 6.5

Louisville MSA .................................. 100.0 13.3 19.2 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 11.1 13.6 40.4 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 2.4

Memphis MSA .................................. 100.0 8.8 .1 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 42.2 11.2 3.2 15.0 19.6

Miami PMSA ..................................... 100.0 14.9 8.9 2.6 14.0 15.7 15.1 10.0 5.4 6.4 5.3

Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ........... 100.0 7.4 10.6 5.0 .6 13.9 12.0 5.4 32.8 3 ( ) 8.9

Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................ 100.0 7.7 8.3 1.2 3.6 4.8 42.0 10.3 11.4 1.0 9.5

Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ...................... 100.0 9.2 7.8 3.2 7.2 11.4 18.4 17.1 17.6 4.7 3.0

New Orleans MSA ............................ 100.0 10.2 12.3 .0 13.3 9.1 22.4 14.2 2.3 8.3 .1

New York PMSA ............................... 100.0 7.4 7.4 1.3 7.7 15.6 27.4 9.7 9.8 5.3 7.1

Newark PMSA .................................. 100.0 8.6 3.5 2.0 14.9 18.1 14.0 10.0 16.3 6.7 5.5

Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport

News MSA .................................. 100.0 24.6 7.1 9.1 8.5 18.0 3 ( ) 9.2 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 23.6

Oakland PMSA ................................. 100.0 15.8 7.1 1.1 13.9 10.9 18.2 10.4 3.1 9.4 6.2

Oklahoma City MSA ......................... 100.0 20.8 3.9 2.0 8.3 7.5 23.0 13.5 7.5 3.5 4.9

Orange County PMSA ...................... 100.0 8.9 3.7 1.5 10.8 9.1 20.9 16.0 16.8 3.6 6.3

Philadelphia PMSA ........................... 100.0 6.9 6.6 1.2 17.5 10.6 20.4 10.2 9.2 3.8 10.0

Phoenix-Mesa MSA .......................... 100.0 4.1 7.5 2.7 8.4 11.0 19.0 16.8 11.2 4.0 5.0

Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............... 100.0 4.8 2.0 1.3 6.3 9.8 28.1 11.6 17.5 1.1 11.0

Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA 100.0 6.1 1.2 1.3 2.1 5.8 19.0 12.5 39.2 2.1 9.0

Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ..... 100.0 7.7 7.3 1.0 9.3 12.6 15.7 15.6 10.3 7.5 6.4

Rochester MSA ................................ 100.0 3.1 11.8 3 ( ) 10.6 27.9 8.3 3.2 8.2 10.7 .2

Sacramento-Yolo CMSA .................. 100.0 16.1 8.0 3.3 5.0 15.1 16.3 12.8 9.6 3.5 5.4

St. Louis MSA ................................... 100.0 41.9 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 33.9 6.4 13.2 4.1 3 ( ) .4

Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............... 100.0 4.0 4.0 3.3 4.0 11.0 15.1 27.0 18.2 2.1 9.1

San Antonio MSA ............................. 100.0 8.1 5.0 1.9 8.5 17.3 19.8 13.4 9.9 6.8 6.6

San Diego MSA ................................ 100.0 8.9 8.9 3.2 11.3 11.4 18.8 14.1 9.9 3.1 3.3

San Francisco PMSA ....................... 100.0 9.3 7.6 1.8 9.1 14.1 29.9 12.3 5.9 1.2 4.4

San Jose PMSA ............................... 100.0 10.7 5.7 3.5 6.1 10.9 18.7 8.6 18.8 2.9 9.0

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........ 100.0 8.9 12.2 3 ( ) 9.7 9.0 27.1 11.9 6.5 .2 11.9

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater

MSA ............................................ 100.0 6.1 3.9 .5 11.2 14.8 23.8 13.2 9.6 2.9 5.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 24. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1997

annual averages — Continued

Population group and area

Total

employed1

Managerial and professional

specialty

Technical, sales, and

administrative support

Service

occupations

Precision

production,

craft, and

repair

Operators, fabricators, and laborers

Executive,

administrative, and

managerial

Professional

specialty

Technicians

and related

support

Sales

Administrative support, including

clerical

Machine

operators,

assemblers, and

inspectors

Transportation and

material

moving

Handlers,

equipment

cleaners,

helpers,

and laborers

Hispanic origin–Continued

Metropolitan areas:2–Continued

Washington D.C. PMSA ................... 100.0 10.6 10.5 3.2 6.8 4.8 38.0 14.2 3.0 2.8 4.6

Cities:

Chicago central city .......................... 100.0 6.3 5.1 2.2 7.1 12.1 18.0 15.2 19.4 4.5 8.2

Cleveland central city ....................... 100.0 9.5 6.6 9.7 6.2 11.2 10.2 10.0 28.1 2.6 6.1

Dallas central city ............................. 100.0 6.0 6.5 2.2 7.1 12.3 18.1 23.6 10.9 3.7 7.4

Detroit central city ............................. 100.0 13.7 6.7 .1 .1 5.4 15.4 6.4 20.2 9.2 17.5

District of Columbia .......................... 100.0 13.3 15.6 1.9 1.7 12.5 44.2 4.8 2.7 .8 2.5

Houston central city .......................... 100.0 7.3 6.3 .7 9.1 12.2 20.4 16.1 9.8 6.8 7.6

Los Angeles central city .................... 100.0 5.9 3.9 1.1 8.9 9.9 25.0 12.5 17.5 3.8 6.9

Milwaukee central city ...................... 100.0 3.6 11.4 2.8 3 ( ) 13.2 13.6 6.7 37.6 3 ( ) 11.2

New York central city ........................ 100.0 7.4 7.7 1.3 8.1 16.1 27.2 9.5 10.1 4.9 7.2

Philadelphia central city .................... 100.0 5.0 3.7 3 ( ) 18.6 13.9 9.9 7.3 18.8 3.2 16.2

Phoenix central city .......................... 100.0 2.4 5.8 1.2 7.0 11.4 19.4 18.2 14.2 4.6 6.1

San Antonio central city .................... 100.0 7.9 3.8 1.8 8.4 19.5 18.2 13.7 9.3 6.2 7.6

San Diego central city ....................... 100.0 8.2 9.4 2.7 10.4 12.3 18.4 18.9 8.2 4.3 3.1

San Francisco central city ................ 100.0 12.2 9.5 3.5 8.9 9.4 29.1 11.5 4.2 2.2 7.4

1 Includes farming, forestry, and fishing not shown separately. 2 All are Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA’s) except St Louis and those labeled

Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas (CMSA’s) or Primary Metropolitan Statistical

Areas (PMSA’s). The differences are discussed in appendix C, "Geographic Boundary

Definitions".

3 Less than 500 persons employed or less than 0.05 percent of total employed.

 NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS

publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the sample in that

area. See appendix B. Detail may not add to totals because of rounding.
Table 25. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Unemployment rates by occupation, 1997 annual averages

Area Total1

Managerial and professional

specialty

Technical, sales, and

administrative support

Service

occupations

Precision

production, craft,

and repair Executive,

administrative,

and managerial

Professional

specialty

Technicians

and related

support

Sales

Administrative support,

including

clerical

Metropolitan areas:2

Atlanta MSA ...................................... 3.4 1.5 1.4 3 ( ) 4.4 3.2 6.9 2.6

Baltimore PMSA ............................... 5.4 3.1 2.4 5.5 4.4 5.3 11.4 5.3

Bergen-Passaic PMSA ..................... 3.4 .7 2.6 3 ( ) 4.0 4.0 5.7 1.9

Boston PMSA ................................... 3.3 2.3 1.8 3.9 4.5 3.4 3.2 5.6

Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ............... 5.1 .4 3.7 3 ( ) 6.8 3.2 6.8 4.7

Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ... 3.2 1.2 1.8 3 ( ) 4.9 .8 7.0 2.2

Chicago PMSA ................................. 4.4 1.8 2.1 4.4 4.6 3.5 7.1 4.6

Cincinnati PMSA ............................... 3.2 1.2 1.0 3 ( ) 4.2 2.3 5.6 3.0

Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ......... 3.9 2.8 .9 3 ( ) 4.9 2.1 5.4 3.5

Columbus, Ohio MSA ....................... 3.3 2.4 2.3 3 ( ) 3.5 3.3 5.2 1.1

Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA .................. 3.7 1.4 2.3 1.9 6.0 3.9 5.1 3.2

Dayton-Springfield MSA ................... 5.1 2.3 4.3 3 ( ) 3.5 3.1 6.4 6.7

Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ....... 3.0 2.3 1.8 3 ( ) 3.6 3.7 4.0 2.6

Detroit PMSA .................................... 3.9 2.3 1.1 4.5 3.5 3.3 5.9 2.7

Fort Lauderdale PMSA ..................... 4.4 2.2 2.1 3 ( ) 3.9 6.3 6.0 4.2

Hartford MSA .................................... 3.7 3.7 .6 3 ( ) 2.0 5.5 6.0 3 ( )

Houston PMSA ................................. 5.3 2.4 2.3 1.5 5.4 4.4 8.7 7.0

Indianapolis MSA .............................. 2.9 1.1 .7 3 ( ) 3.1 .5 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Kansas City MSA .............................. 3.4 .9 3.2 3 ( ) 3.6 1.0 6.4 2.8

Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ...... 5.9 2.8 4.3 2.5 6.3 5.7 7.5 7.5

Louisville MSA .................................. 3.8 1.4 .8 3 ( ) 5.3 4.6 3.9 5.9

Memphis MSA .................................. 4.4 1.0 2.4 3 ( ) 4.8 2.5 10.3 3.4

Miami PMSA ..................................... 6.0 2.5 1.7 4.8 6.3 6.1 8.7 8.0

Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ........... 4.5 1.2 3.9 3 ( ) 2.0 5.8 6.4 1.8

Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................ 2.9 .3 .9 3 ( ) 2.8 2.4 5.9 3.6

Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ...................... 2.7 1.6 .9 3 ( ) 1.7 3.0 3.5 2.8

New Orleans MSA ............................ 4.5 2.6 1.5 3 ( ) 4.1 2.4 8.6 4.7

New York PMSA ............................... 7.7 4.5 3.8 2.3 10.0 7.8 9.7 8.4

Newark PMSA .................................. 5.6 2.2 2.4 2.3 5.3 6.8 7.6 7.1

Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport

News MSA .................................. 5.3 1.4 2.0 3 ( ) 5.2 3.3 8.5 7.0

Oakland PMSA ................................. 4.0 2.0 1.9 3 ( ) 4.2 4.0 6.2 2.9

Oklahoma City MSA ......................... 3.8 1.5 .7 3 ( ) 3.6 3.9 8.3 4.4

Orange County PMSA ...................... 3.9 2.2 .8 3 ( ) 4.2 3.0 7.4 3.7

Philadelphia PMSA ........................... 4.8 2.0 2.0 2.1 3.7 5.5 8.6 5.2

Phoenix-Mesa MSA .......................... 3.8 1.7 1.5 2.2 7.3 5.3 4.0 3.5

Pittsburgh MSA ................................. 4.8 2.0 3.0 3 ( ) 5.8 3.1 6.7 4.8

Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............... 3.9 2.6 3.1 3 ( ) 3.1 2.2 4.9 5.4

Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA 4.8 2.8 .5 2.6 3.1 4.9 7.1 4.4

Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ..... 7.2 2.2 3.0 3 ( ) 10.4 5.6 10.3 9.3

Rochester MSA ................................ 4.4 5.9 .4 3 ( ) 3.3 3.5 5.7 5.9

Sacramento-Yolo CMSA .................. 5.3 3.3 2.4 3 ( ) 4.8 5.5 5.5 6.9

St. Louis MSA ................................... 4.6 2.3 2.2 3 ( ) 4.2 3.9 5.4 6.4

Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............... 3.0 1.0 2.2 3 ( ) 2.6 2.1 5.7 3.7

San Antonio MSA ............................. 4.5 1.0 1.3 3 ( ) 5.0 4.3 7.8 6.8

San Diego MSA ................................ 5.1 2.1 3.0 3 ( ) 3.4 5.9 7.6 7.0

San Francisco PMSA ....................... 4.2 2.4 1.9 3 ( ) 3.3 4.7 6.2 7.3

San Jose PMSA ............................... 3.5 1.1 1.2 3 ( ) 3.7 1.5 8.1 6.9

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........ 3.9 1.1 1.0 3 ( ) 7.9 3.5 7.2 2.5

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater

MSA ............................................ 5.0 2.9 3.6 3.5 5.0 2.5 6.1 5.2

Washington D.C. PMSA ................... 4.1 1.5 2.2 2.6 8.0 4.8 4.9 3.6

Cities:

Baltimore central city ........................ 12.5 3.6 7.7 3 ( ) 13.5 11.7 20.0 10.2

Chicago central city .......................... 7.4 2.9 2.8 3.7 8.7 6.6 9.4 7.3

Cleveland central city ....................... 6.9 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 5.4 9.9 3 ( )

Dallas central city ............................. 4.0 .8 2.6 3 ( ) 8.4 3.5 6.5 4.6

Detroit central city ............................. 7.8 9.7 .7 3 ( ) 12.5 3.9 9.5 .6

District of Columbia .......................... 7.4 3.2 3.1 1.2 12.9 8.8 13.4 10.8

Houston central city .......................... 6.8 2.5 2.8 1.5 7.4 6.5 9.1 9.8

Indianapolis central city .................... 4.4 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 25. Selected metropolitan areas and cities:

Unemployment rates by occupation, 1997 annual averages —

Continued

Area

Operators, fabricators, and laborers

Machine

operators,

assemblers, and

inspectors

Transportation and

material

moving

Handlers,

equipment

cleaners,

helpers,

and

laborers

Metropolitan areas:2

Atlanta MSA ...................................... 3.9 3 ( ) 8.4

Baltimore PMSA ............................... 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Bergen-Passaic PMSA ..................... 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Boston PMSA ................................... 2.9 3 ( ) 5.4

Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ............... 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ... 6.5 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Chicago PMSA ................................. 6.2 4.4 12.6

Cincinnati PMSA ............................... 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ......... 8.3 3 ( ) 8.8

Columbus, Ohio MSA ....................... 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA .................. 4.7 2.1 10.1

Dayton-Springfield MSA ................... 5.7 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ....... 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Detroit PMSA .................................... 6.6 4.9 10.7

Fort Lauderdale PMSA ..................... 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Hartford MSA .................................... 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Houston PMSA ................................. 7.9 3.7 17.7

Indianapolis MSA .............................. 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Kansas City MSA .............................. 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ...... 7.2 5.5 11.3

Louisville MSA .................................. 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Memphis MSA .................................. 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Miami PMSA ..................................... 6.1 7.4 12.0

Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ........... 8.5 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................ 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ...................... 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

New Orleans MSA ............................ 3 ( ) 5.8 3 ( )

New York PMSA ............................... 12.6 8.0 14.5

Newark PMSA .................................. 6.4 10.7 12.5

Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport

News MSA .................................. 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Oakland PMSA ................................. 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Oklahoma City MSA ......................... 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Orange County PMSA ...................... 3.3 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Philadelphia PMSA ........................... 5.7 9.4 12.9

Phoenix-Mesa MSA .......................... 4.9 2.0 4.7

Pittsburgh MSA ................................. 5.4 3.9 13.3

Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............... 4.0 3 ( ) 11.2

Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA 7.6 12.4 12.7

Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ..... 11.6 5.8 10.5

Rochester MSA ................................ 2.2 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Sacramento-Yolo CMSA .................. 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

St. Louis MSA ................................... 5.7 6.6 15.0

Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............... 4.9 3 ( ) 3 ( )

San Antonio MSA ............................. 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

San Diego MSA ................................ 3.2 3 ( ) 3 ( )

San Francisco PMSA ....................... 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

San Jose PMSA ............................... 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........ 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater

MSA ............................................ 8.8 6.6 12.9

Washington D.C. PMSA ................... 3 ( ) 4.8 11.8

Cities:

Baltimore central city ........................ 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Chicago central city .......................... 12.4 6.1 18.4

Cleveland central city ....................... 9.4 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Dallas central city ............................. 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

Detroit central city ............................. 6.1 3 ( ) 20.4

District of Columbia .......................... 3 ( ) 5.8 23.0

Houston central city .......................... 11.0 5.5 15.7

Indianapolis central city .................... 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 25. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Unemployment rates by occupation, 1997 annual averages —

Continued

Area Total1

Managerial and professional

specialty

Technical, sales, and

administrative support

Service

occupations

Precision

production, craft,

and repair Executive,

administrative,

and managerial

Professional

specialty

Technicians

and related

support

Sales

Administrative support,

including

clerical

Cities:–Continued

Los Angeles central city .................... 6.8 2.3 5.4 2.4 6.5 7.5 7.2 9.8

Milwaukee central city ...................... 8.1 2.8 5.9 3 ( ) 2.5 10.8 7.7 4.9

New York central city ........................ 8.3 4.9 4.1 2.5 10.8 8.3 10.1 9.2

Philadelphia central city .................... 7.8 2.1 2.9 3 ( ) 8.4 7.2 10.9 5.9

Phoenix central city .......................... 4.6 2.0 1.6 3 ( ) 10.8 5.8 4.3 3.8

St. Louis central city ......................... 5.7 3 ( ) 5.8 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

San Antonio central city .................... 4.5 1.6 1.5 3 ( ) 4.4 5.0 7.2 3 ( )

San Diego central city ....................... 5.0 3.0 3.5 3 ( ) 4.9 4.4 8.0 2.3

San Francisco central city ................ 4.5 2.8 2.3 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3.4 3 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 25. Selected metropolitan areas and cities:

Unemployment rates by occupation, 1997 annual averages —

Continued

Area

Operators, fabricators, and laborers

Machine

operators,

assemblers, and

inspectors

Transportation and

material

moving

Handlers,

equipment

cleaners,

helpers,

and

laborers

Cities:–Continued

Los Angeles central city .................... 8.4 7.0 15.4

Milwaukee central city ...................... 16.8 3 ( ) 3 ( )

New York central city ........................ 13.3 8.9 14.0

Philadelphia central city .................... 8.8 13.8 25.7

Phoenix central city .......................... 6.5 3 ( ) 3 ( )

St. Louis central city ......................... 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

San Antonio central city .................... 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

San Diego central city ....................... 2.7 3 ( ) 3 ( )

San Francisco central city ................ 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( )

1 Excludes persons with no

previous work experience. 

Includes farming, forestry, and

fishing, not shown separately. 2 All are Metropolitan

Statistical Areas (MSA’s) except 

St Louis and those labeled

Consolidated Metropolitan

Statistical Areas (CMSA’s) or

Primary Metropolitan Statistical

Areas (PMSA’s). The differences

are discussed in appendix C,

"Geographic Boundary

Definitions". 3 Data are not shown when the

labor force base does not meet

BLS publication standards of

reliability for the particular area,

based on the sample in that area. 

See appendix B.
Table 26. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex,

race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages

Population group and area Total

employed1

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

Government Total2 Construction

Manufacturing Transportation,

communications,

and public utilities

Trade

Finance,

insurance, and

real

estate

Services3

Total Durable

goods

Nondurable

goods

TOTAL

Metropolitan areas:4

Atlanta MSA ...................................... 100.0 80.5 5.1 13.2 7.1 6.0 10.7 19.8 6.3 25.3 13.6

Baltimore PMSA ............................... 100.0 71.2 5.3 9.0 5.4 3.6 4.8 19.3 6.9 25.8 22.6

Bergen-Passaic PMSA ..................... 100.0 84.0 2.3 19.7 7.3 12.3 5.9 21.9 8.7 25.5 10.5

Boston PMSA ................................... 100.0 83.4 4.0 12.7 8.7 4.0 5.7 17.4 8.6 35.0 10.3

Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ............... 100.0 77.4 3.6 15.9 10.5 5.4 5.4 21.1 5.7 25.8 17.3

Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ... 100.0 84.4 5.2 21.0 8.0 13.0 7.7 18.9 8.1 23.3 9.7

Chicago PMSA ................................. 100.0 83.3 5.3 16.9 9.3 7.6 7.6 18.3 8.1 27.0 11.2

Cincinnati PMSA ............................... 100.0 84.4 4.8 20.6 11.2 9.3 6.0 19.6 5.6 27.8 11.5

Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ......... 100.0 82.7 4.4 20.6 14.0 6.6 4.3 20.1 6.2 26.8 11.8

Columbus, Ohio MSA ....................... 100.0 77.7 4.5 12.6 7.9 4.7 5.5 21.5 8.7 24.9 15.1

Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA .................. 100.0 82.3 5.9 16.5 11.2 5.2 7.5 19.2 6.8 25.8 10.4

Dayton-Springfield MSA ................... 100.0 79.4 5.3 21.8 16.1 5.6 4.2 19.9 3.3 24.9 14.3

Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ....... 100.0 78.4 5.8 11.4 7.1 4.3 7.0 18.6 6.8 28.2 13.4

Detroit PMSA .................................... 100.0 85.4 4.4 23.0 20.2 2.8 4.8 20.2 5.9 27.0 10.9

Fort Lauderdale PMSA ..................... 100.0 83.5 7.4 7.2 5.5 1.7 7.7 22.9 7.0 31.4 11.2

Hartford MSA .................................... 100.0 82.8 4.2 18.6 14.2 4.5 4.5 17.3 10.1 28.0 11.5

Houston PMSA ................................. 100.0 81.7 8.0 13.4 6.5 7.0 7.6 20.8 5.5 23.9 11.5

Indianapolis MSA .............................. 100.0 85.3 4.1 16.3 10.0 6.4 5.8 22.6 8.1 28.2 9.9

Kansas City MSA .............................. 100.0 80.3 5.0 13.3 6.5 6.7 8.5 20.2 7.3 25.9 14.9

Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ...... 100.0 77.8 3.6 18.8 10.2 8.6 5.3 18.6 5.6 25.9 11.9

Louisville MSA .................................. 100.0 84.8 6.5 17.9 9.7 8.2 7.4 21.1 7.1 24.5 10.6

Memphis MSA .................................. 100.0 82.4 3.5 10.1 4.3 5.8 11.6 24.9 7.0 25.3 13.1

Miami PMSA ..................................... 100.0 82.8 5.5 9.2 4.6 4.6 10.4 22.1 8.4 27.0 10.8

Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ........... 100.0 85.2 3.5 22.5 15.6 6.9 4.2 17.5 7.7 29.7 10.3

Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................ 100.0 82.1 4.5 17.5 10.6 6.9 5.5 21.3 8.8 24.5 11.9

Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ...................... 100.0 78.5 5.0 12.0 7.0 4.9 8.0 19.7 7.8 25.9 16.9

New Orleans MSA ............................ 100.0 75.7 5.5 7.2 3.5 3.8 7.1 21.1 4.7 28.1 15.2

New York PMSA ............................... 100.0 78.0 4.0 10.3 2.7 7.6 5.5 16.7 10.6 30.9 15.9

Newark PMSA .................................. 100.0 80.8 3.3 15.7 6.9 8.9 7.8 19.2 8.1 26.5 13.9

Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport

News MSA .................................. 100.0 75.5 6.6 10.0 6.5 3.5 4.9 19.1 5.4 29.5 19.7

Oakland PMSA ................................. 100.0 72.3 4.7 11.9 7.4 4.5 6.3 18.5 7.2 23.5 15.5

Oklahoma City MSA ......................... 100.0 72.5 4.6 10.6 7.0 3.6 5.6 18.0 4.9 27.7 20.0

Orange County PMSA ...................... 100.0 80.0 4.2 23.1 16.3 6.9 3.2 17.6 6.9 24.7 9.5

Philadelphia PMSA ........................... 100.0 80.9 4.1 14.0 6.6 7.4 4.7 18.4 8.0 31.8 12.7

Phoenix-Mesa MSA .......................... 100.0 81.1 7.1 14.0 10.3 3.7 5.9 22.1 7.5 24.3 11.6

Pittsburgh MSA ................................. 100.0 80.4 3.3 12.2 8.8 3.3 7.1 21.3 6.4 29.7 11.0

Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............... 100.0 81.2 6.9 17.4 11.4 6.0 6.0 19.3 6.5 25.0 10.0

Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA 100.0 83.3 3.7 22.5 13.4 9.1 4.0 18.6 6.5 28.0 12.1

Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ..... 100.0 76.1 6.7 14.7 10.3 4.5 7.2 19.1 5.7 22.6 15.4

Rochester MSA ................................ 100.0 81.7 3.3 24.8 18.6 6.2 3.9 20.7 5.5 23.5 13.8

Sacramento-Yolo CMSA .................. 100.0 65.7 4.2 7.5 4.6 2.9 5.8 18.5 5.6 24.1 23.3

St. Louis MSA ................................... 100.0 83.6 5.7 13.7 8.6 5.2 6.1 22.0 5.9 29.9 10.6

Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............... 100.0 75.9 6.4 13.3 9.6 3.6 5.5 20.8 7.6 21.8 17.8

San Antonio MSA ............................. 100.0 75.4 4.8 8.4 6.0 2.4 6.0 20.6 6.6 28.3 18.3

San Diego MSA ................................ 100.0 75.8 3.9 13.8 10.2 3.6 4.9 19.8 5.8 27.6 14.5

San Francisco PMSA ....................... 100.0 78.9 4.8 12.2 5.1 7.1 6.2 19.6 6.8 29.2 9.1

San Jose PMSA ............................... 100.0 83.4 3.1 30.3 26.6 3.6 4.9 14.6 4.6 25.7 8.8

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........ 100.0 79.8 5.6 17.3 14.5 2.8 5.0 19.3 6.5 26.1 11.1

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater

MSA ............................................ 100.0 81.8 6.3 9.1 5.0 4.2 5.6 23.9 9.0 27.7 11.9

Washington D.C. PMSA ................... 100.0 70.6 5.7 4.8 2.4 2.4 6.2 15.0 6.2 32.7 22.7

Cities:

Baltimore central city ........................ 100.0 73.5 4.9 10.1 4.2 5.9 4.3 16.2 5.8 32.2 21.1

Chicago central city .......................... 100.0 80.0 5.1 13.3 6.9 6.4 5.9 16.4 8.6 30.7 14.0

Cleveland central city ....................... 100.0 79.6 3.6 24.2 18.4 5.8 2.4 17.8 6.0 25.6 14.7

Dallas central city ............................. 100.0 83.5 6.4 15.3 10.3 5.0 6.3 17.0 9.8 28.3 9.4

Detroit central city ............................. 100.0 78.6 2.9 21.5 19.5 2.0 5.8 17.6 3.8 27.0 18.5

District of Columbia .......................... 100.0 63.8 1.8 2.1 .4 1.7 5.7 11.4 5.3 37.3 30.3

Houston central city .......................... 100.0 83.2 6.0 10.8 5.8 5.0 7.8 23.3 5.0 28.7 10.4

Indianapolis central city .................... 100.0 85.3 3.2 14.3 7.9 6.4 6.7 24.2 7.8 29.0 10.7

Los Angeles central city .................... 100.0 79.5 4.2 16.5 8.4 8.1 4.4 19.1 5.4 30.0 8.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 26. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex,

race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and area Total

employed1

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

Government Total2 Construction

Manufacturing Transportation,

communications,

and public utilities

Trade

Finance,

insurance, and

real

estate

Services3

Total Durable

goods

Nondurable

goods

TOTAL–Continued

Cities:–Continued

Milwaukee central city ...................... 100.0 79.7 2.4 18.8 13.4 5.4 5.3 16.1 5.7 31.5 16.9

New York central city ........................ 100.0 78.1 3.9 9.9 2.3 7.6 5.7 16.8 10.9 30.9 16.2

Philadelphia central city .................... 100.0 77.4 3.0 8.7 2.8 5.9 4.3 15.7 7.5 38.2 18.3

Phoenix central city .......................... 100.0 82.0 8.6 13.2 9.6 3.7 6.1 21.6 6.7 25.5 11.8

St. Louis central city ......................... 100.0 76.1 1.8 13.7 5.7 7.9 5.0 16.8 5.2 33.7 19.3

San Antonio central city .................... 100.0 76.6 4.1 8.1 5.6 2.5 5.6 21.5 6.6 30.1 18.0

San Diego central city ....................... 100.0 76.8 2.6 13.0 10.2 2.8 4.1 19.2 6.2 31.6 14.6

San Francisco central city ................ 100.0 84.7 4.3 12.6 3.5 9.1 6.9 22.7 5.3 32.9 8.3

Men

Metropolitan areas:4

Atlanta MSA ...................................... 100.0 84.4 8.8 15.9 10.0 5.9 13.2 20.2 4.7 21.5 9.3

Baltimore PMSA ............................... 100.0 74.7 9.5 12.2 8.5 3.6 6.4 20.6 5.5 20.3 18.2

Bergen-Passaic PMSA ..................... 100.0 83.8 4.0 22.8 9.5 13.3 7.0 22.6 8.5 18.9 9.5

Boston PMSA ................................... 100.0 83.8 6.8 16.7 11.5 5.2 7.1 18.2 7.5 27.4 9.4

Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ............... 100.0 77.2 5.1 23.4 16.1 7.3 6.7 19.5 4.4 18.1 16.1

Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ... 100.0 85.2 8.6 24.3 10.2 14.1 11.0 20.2 5.6 15.3 7.7

Chicago PMSA ................................. 100.0 84.6 8.7 21.1 12.6 8.5 9.2 18.6 7.1 19.9 9.3

Cincinnati PMSA ............................... 100.0 84.5 7.9 28.0 17.1 10.9 7.6 17.2 4.0 19.9 10.2

Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ......... 100.0 82.4 7.0 28.5 20.0 8.5 6.1 19.4 4.1 16.9 11.3

Columbus, Ohio MSA ....................... 100.0 78.3 7.7 15.9 10.9 5.1 8.1 19.0 6.7 20.9 14.0

Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA .................. 100.0 84.9 9.8 20.1 14.0 6.1 9.2 19.2 5.3 20.4 8.0

Dayton-Springfield MSA ................... 100.0 78.7 8.5 28.6 21.9 6.6 5.6 17.3 2.8 15.9 13.9

Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ....... 100.0 79.7 9.0 14.5 9.2 5.2 8.5 19.5 5.2 22.3 12.3

Detroit PMSA .................................... 100.0 88.2 7.0 31.9 28.7 3.2 6.0 19.3 4.3 19.7 7.6

Fort Lauderdale PMSA ..................... 100.0 83.5 12.2 9.9 8.1 1.8 9.4 22.4 5.9 23.7 9.4

Hartford MSA .................................... 100.0 83.2 7.6 26.1 20.0 6.1 6.2 18.1 5.8 19.2 9.3

Houston PMSA ................................. 100.0 84.2 12.6 16.9 8.4 8.5 9.4 20.3 3.9 18.1 8.4

Indianapolis MSA .............................. 100.0 85.5 6.9 21.9 14.5 7.4 8.6 23.7 5.1 19.2 7.7

Kansas City MSA .............................. 100.0 83.3 9.4 18.0 9.2 8.8 10.9 19.8 4.9 20.2 11.3

Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ...... 100.0 79.4 5.8 21.2 12.8 8.4 6.2 19.9 4.3 22.1 8.8

Louisville MSA .................................. 100.0 86.3 10.7 24.6 14.5 10.1 9.4 20.8 4.1 16.2 9.2

Memphis MSA .................................. 100.0 86.8 5.6 13.6 5.9 7.7 16.4 26.5 4.9 19.8 8.3

Miami PMSA ..................................... 100.0 83.7 9.5 9.3 5.5 3.7 12.5 23.7 6.9 21.7 8.5

Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ........... 100.0 86.1 6.2 32.9 24.7 8.2 4.7 16.9 4.2 20.8 8.3

Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................ 100.0 84.1 7.8 22.2 14.0 8.2 6.4 21.7 6.4 19.5 9.6

Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ...................... 100.0 78.6 8.6 13.8 8.8 5.0 9.3 20.6 6.6 19.5 15.7

New Orleans MSA ............................ 100.0 76.5 9.7 10.3 5.2 5.1 10.0 19.0 3.1 21.8 11.1

New York PMSA ............................... 100.0 79.1 6.7 9.7 2.9 6.8 7.4 20.0 10.8 24.5 13.9

Newark PMSA .................................. 100.0 82.0 5.6 19.6 8.5 11.1 10.0 20.4 7.0 19.2 12.3

Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport

News MSA .................................. 100.0 76.1 11.4 14.5 10.7 3.9 7.0 18.5 2.3 22.3 17.8

Oakland PMSA ................................. 100.0 73.4 7.0 16.3 10.6 5.6 7.6 17.4 5.5 19.5 14.5

Oklahoma City MSA ......................... 100.0 73.1 7.8 14.6 10.0 4.6 7.1 18.2 2.9 21.1 18.9

Orange County PMSA ...................... 100.0 81.8 6.2 28.2 21.2 6.9 4.0 17.5 5.0 20.5 6.2

Philadelphia PMSA ........................... 100.0 79.1 7.0 18.1 9.6 8.5 6.1 19.2 6.0 22.7 12.7

Phoenix-Mesa MSA .......................... 100.0 83.5 11.2 17.3 12.9 4.4 6.6 23.2 5.0 19.7 9.1

Pittsburgh MSA ................................. 100.0 79.7 5.6 16.6 12.4 4.2 10.7 19.1 4.2 22.6 10.0

Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............... 100.0 82.5 10.9 21.9 15.1 6.8 8.4 18.8 5.0 17.4 8.1

Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA 100.0 83.2 6.6 27.9 16.3 11.6 5.7 18.4 5.6 19.0 10.5

Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ..... 100.0 77.5 10.4 18.5 12.8 5.7 9.4 19.6 3.4 16.1 12.9

Rochester MSA ................................ 100.0 83.6 6.1 30.6 24.0 6.6 5.8 20.6 3.6 16.9 11.0

Sacramento-Yolo CMSA .................. 100.0 69.1 7.5 9.8 5.8 4.0 8.4 19.9 4.2 19.3 19.9

St. Louis MSA ................................... 100.0 84.4 10.1 19.1 12.6 6.5 8.4 20.2 4.4 21.7 9.7

Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............... 100.0 77.8 10.7 16.8 12.5 4.3 6.3 20.4 6.2 16.8 15.2

San Antonio MSA ............................. 100.0 76.1 8.4 10.0 8.2 1.8 8.3 21.3 3.5 23.5 16.6

San Diego MSA ................................ 100.0 78.4 6.9 17.4 13.3 4.1 5.9 19.5 5.5 23.3 11.4

San Francisco PMSA ....................... 100.0 76.8 7.9 12.7 6.9 5.8 6.9 18.3 6.5 24.6 7.4

San Jose PMSA ............................... 100.0 85.5 4.5 35.5 31.8 3.8 6.3 14.0 4.1 20.9 5.3

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........ 100.0 82.1 8.8 22.9 20.0 3.0 5.1 19.2 4.7 21.3 8.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 26. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex,

race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and area Total

employed1

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

Government Total2 Construction

Manufacturing Transportation,

communications,

and public utilities

Trade

Finance,

insurance, and

real

estate

Services3

Total Durable

goods

Nondurable

goods

Men–Continued

Metropolitan areas:4–Continued

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater

MSA ............................................ 100.0 83.1 10.4 11.3 6.4 4.9 6.8 24.2 6.5 23.5 9.5

Washington D.C. PMSA ................... 100.0 73.1 9.8 6.4 3.4 3.0 7.6 14.8 5.0 29.5 20.0

Cities:

Baltimore central city ........................ 100.0 75.0 8.6 12.1 4.6 7.5 5.5 19.3 6.5 23.0 18.4

Chicago central city .......................... 100.0 79.0 8.9 16.5 9.6 6.9 7.0 17.6 8.0 20.9 14.5

Cleveland central city ....................... 100.0 81.0 6.4 34.4 27.9 6.5 3.9 15.6 2.5 18.3 12.1

Dallas central city ............................. 100.0 84.3 11.2 18.9 13.5 5.4 7.0 16.2 7.7 22.7 8.0

Detroit central city ............................. 100.0 81.7 5.9 29.8 28.4 1.4 8.0 15.0 1.7 21.2 15.1

District of Columbia .......................... 100.0 66.6 3.3 2.2 .2 2.0 8.3 12.8 6.3 33.7 26.5

Houston central city .......................... 100.0 84.1 9.7 14.8 8.4 6.4 9.3 23.5 3.9 21.5 8.4

Indianapolis central city .................... 100.0 84.6 5.4 18.7 10.2 8.6 10.8 23.5 5.4 20.8 8.4

Los Angeles central city .................... 100.0 81.4 6.7 17.5 10.6 6.9 5.3 21.6 4.6 25.7 5.3

Milwaukee central city ...................... 100.0 79.2 4.9 31.4 23.6 7.8 4.4 15.4 1.7 21.3 16.5

New York central city ........................ 100.0 79.3 6.6 9.2 2.6 6.6 7.7 20.3 11.0 24.4 14.2

Philadelphia central city .................... 100.0 75.0 5.9 11.3 4.1 7.2 6.5 18.3 4.1 28.9 19.3

Phoenix central city .......................... 100.0 85.3 14.1 16.0 12.1 3.8 5.9 22.7 4.7 21.6 8.5

St. Louis central city ......................... 100.0 72.9 2.8 20.2 8.4 11.8 7.6 14.0 5.4 23.0 22.9

San Antonio central city .................... 100.0 76.6 7.1 9.6 8.1 1.5 8.7 23.6 3.9 23.2 17.3

San Diego central city ....................... 100.0 79.3 4.3 15.3 12.1 3.2 5.8 17.2 6.8 29.9 11.4

San Francisco central city ................ 100.0 82.5 7.8 9.8 3.4 6.4 8.7 21.8 5.3 29.1 7.8

Women

Metropolitan areas:4

Atlanta MSA ...................................... 100.0 76.0 .9 10.1 3.9 6.2 7.8 19.3 8.2 29.7 18.5

Baltimore PMSA ............................... 100.0 67.7 1.0 5.7 2.2 3.5 3.1 18.1 8.4 31.5 27.2

Bergen-Passaic PMSA ..................... 100.0 84.3 .2 15.7 4.6 11.1 4.5 21.0 9.0 33.9 11.7

Boston PMSA ................................... 100.0 82.9 .8 8.3 5.6 2.7 4.2 16.5 9.8 43.3 11.3

Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ............... 100.0 77.7 1.9 8.0 4.5 3.5 4.0 22.8 7.1 34.0 18.7

Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ... 100.0 83.5 1.2 17.1 5.4 11.7 4.1 17.5 11.1 32.5 12.0

Chicago PMSA ................................. 100.0 81.8 1.2 11.9 5.4 6.5 5.7 18.0 9.3 35.6 13.5

Cincinnati PMSA ............................... 100.0 84.2 1.4 12.3 4.6 7.6 4.2 22.2 7.3 36.8 13.0

Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ......... 100.0 83.0 1.6 11.7 7.2 4.5 2.2 20.9 8.5 38.0 12.2

Columbus, Ohio MSA ....................... 100.0 77.0 1.0 8.8 4.6 4.3 2.7 24.2 10.9 29.4 16.3

Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA .................. 100.0 79.1 1.2 12.1 7.9 4.2 5.3 19.2 8.6 32.4 13.4

Dayton-Springfield MSA ................... 100.0 80.3 1.4 13.6 9.2 4.4 2.6 23.0 4.0 35.7 14.8

Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ....... 100.0 76.8 2.1 7.9 4.6 3.3 5.2 17.6 8.6 35.0 14.7

Detroit PMSA .................................... 100.0 82.2 1.4 12.8 10.4 2.4 3.4 21.3 7.7 35.6 14.7

Fort Lauderdale PMSA ..................... 100.0 83.5 1.9 4.0 2.5 1.5 5.7 23.5 8.2 40.2 13.2

Hartford MSA .................................... 100.0 82.4 .7 10.9 8.2 2.8 2.6 16.6 14.6 37.0 13.8

Houston PMSA ................................. 100.0 78.4 1.6 8.7 3.8 4.9 5.3 21.6 7.8 31.7 15.6

Indianapolis MSA .............................. 100.0 85.1 1.1 10.3 5.0 5.3 2.9 21.5 11.3 38.1 12.3

Kansas City MSA .............................. 100.0 77.2 .6 8.5 3.8 4.6 6.0 20.7 9.7 31.7 18.5

Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ...... 100.0 75.6 .6 15.6 6.7 8.9 4.0 16.7 7.4 31.2 16.2

Louisville MSA .................................. 100.0 83.1 1.8 10.4 4.4 6.0 5.2 21.5 10.5 33.7 12.2

Memphis MSA .................................. 100.0 77.8 1.5 6.5 2.7 3.8 6.7 23.3 9.0 30.9 18.1

Miami PMSA ..................................... 100.0 81.6 .4 9.1 3.5 5.7 7.8 20.2 10.4 33.8 13.7

Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ........... 100.0 84.2 .3 10.4 5.0 5.4 3.8 18.1 11.8 39.9 12.6

Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................ 100.0 79.7 .8 12.0 6.6 5.3 4.5 20.7 11.5 30.2 14.4

Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ...................... 100.0 78.3 .6 9.7 4.8 4.9 6.3 18.7 9.3 33.7 18.4

New Orleans MSA ............................ 100.0 74.9 1.1 4.0 1.7 2.3 4.1 23.4 6.4 34.7 19.5

New York PMSA ............................... 100.0 76.6 .7 11.1 2.3 8.7 3.1 12.7 10.3 38.8 18.4

Newark PMSA .................................. 100.0 79.4 .8 11.4 5.0 6.3 5.3 17.8 9.5 34.6 15.6

Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport

News MSA .................................. 100.0 75.0 2.0 5.6 2.5 3.1 2.7 19.7 8.4 36.5 21.5

Oakland PMSA ................................. 100.0 71.0 2.0 6.9 3.6 3.3 4.9 19.7 9.2 28.2 16.6

Oklahoma City MSA ......................... 100.0 71.9 .9 6.0 3.5 2.4 3.9 17.8 7.3 35.3 21.1

Orange County PMSA ...................... 100.0 77.6 1.5 16.5 9.7 6.8 2.2 17.7 9.4 30.4 13.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 26. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex,

race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and area Total

employed1

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

Government Total2 Construction

Manufacturing Transportation,

communications,

and public utilities

Trade

Finance,

insurance, and

real

estate

Services3

Total Durable

goods

Nondurable

goods

Women–Continued

Metropolitan areas:4–Continued

Philadelphia PMSA ........................... 100.0 82.9 .9 9.5 3.3 6.2 3.3 17.6 10.1 41.4 12.7

Phoenix-Mesa MSA .......................... 100.0 78.3 2.0 9.8 7.1 2.8 5.1 20.7 10.7 29.9 14.7

Pittsburgh MSA ................................. 100.0 81.2 .5 7.1 4.8 2.3 3.0 23.8 8.9 37.7 12.2

Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............... 100.0 79.6 1.7 11.7 6.7 4.9 3.0 19.9 8.5 34.8 12.4

Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA 100.0 83.4 .4 16.5 10.2 6.3 2.2 18.7 7.5 38.1 13.8

Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ..... 100.0 74.3 1.9 9.9 7.0 2.9 4.4 18.4 8.7 31.0 18.7

Rochester MSA ................................ 100.0 79.6 .3 18.4 12.7 5.8 1.8 20.8 7.7 30.7 16.9

Sacramento-Yolo CMSA .................. 100.0 61.8 .2 4.9 3.3 1.6 2.8 17.0 7.2 29.8 27.4

St. Louis MSA ................................... 100.0 82.8 1.0 8.0 4.2 3.8 3.7 24.0 7.5 38.6 11.7

Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............... 100.0 73.6 1.4 9.2 6.3 2.9 4.7 21.4 9.1 27.7 21.0

San Antonio MSA ............................. 100.0 74.7 .7 6.5 3.6 3.0 3.5 19.8 10.0 33.7 20.3

San Diego MSA ................................ 100.0 72.7 .3 9.5 6.5 3.1 3.7 20.2 6.2 32.7 18.3

San Francisco PMSA ....................... 100.0 81.2 1.4 11.6 3.0 8.6 5.5 21.1 7.1 34.5 11.1

San Jose PMSA ............................... 100.0 80.6 1.3 23.7 20.2 3.5 3.2 15.3 5.2 31.8 13.2

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........ 100.0 77.0 1.6 10.4 7.8 2.6 4.9 19.5 8.6 32.1 13.8

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater

MSA ............................................ 100.0 80.4 1.7 6.7 3.3 3.4 4.3 23.6 11.8 32.2 14.5

Washington D.C. PMSA ................... 100.0 67.7 1.1 2.9 1.3 1.6 4.7 15.1 7.7 36.3 25.8

Cities:

Baltimore central city ........................ 100.0 72.0 1.2 8.2 3.8 4.4 3.1 13.3 5.1 41.1 23.8

Chicago central city .......................... 100.0 81.2 .8 9.5 3.8 5.8 4.7 15.1 9.2 42.1 13.5

Cleveland central city ....................... 100.0 78.2 .8 13.6 8.5 5.0 .9 20.1 9.7 33.2 17.4

Dallas central city ............................. 100.0 82.5 .2 10.6 6.2 4.4 5.5 18.1 12.5 35.6 11.2

Detroit central city ............................. 100.0 76.2 .6 14.9 12.3 2.6 4.0 19.6 5.4 31.7 21.3

District of Columbia .......................... 100.0 61.1 .3 2.1 .6 1.5 3.3 10.1 4.4 40.9 34.1

Houston central city .......................... 100.0 82.0 .9 5.4 2.3 3.1 5.7 23.0 6.6 38.7 13.2

Indianapolis central city .................... 100.0 86.0 1.1 10.0 5.7 4.3 2.7 24.9 10.1 37.1 12.8

Los Angeles central city .................... 100.0 76.7 .4 15.0 5.1 9.9 3.0 15.4 6.5 36.4 13.2

Milwaukee central city ...................... 100.0 80.0 .1 7.4 4.2 3.2 6.1 16.6 9.2 40.7 17.2

New York central city ........................ 100.0 76.6 .6 10.7 2.0 8.8 3.3 12.4 10.8 38.8 18.6

Philadelphia central city .................... 100.0 79.7 .2 6.2 1.5 4.7 2.1 13.2 10.8 47.1 17.3

Phoenix central city .......................... 100.0 78.0 1.9 9.9 6.5 3.4 6.3 20.3 9.0 30.4 15.9

St. Louis central city ......................... 100.0 79.7 .6 6.1 2.7 3.4 1.9 20.1 5.0 46.1 15.1

San Antonio central city .................... 100.0 76.5 1.0 6.4 2.9 3.5 2.3 19.2 9.5 37.4 18.7

San Diego central city ....................... 100.0 73.6 .6 10.1 7.7 2.4 2.0 21.7 5.6 33.7 18.6

San Francisco central city ................ 100.0 87.1 .5 15.6 3.7 12.0 5.0 23.7 5.4 36.9 8.9

White

Metropolitan areas:4

Atlanta MSA ...................................... 100.0 80.5 5.5 13.1 7.8 5.2 10.3 20.0 6.7 24.9 12.7

Baltimore PMSA ............................... 100.0 72.5 6.0 8.7 6.2 2.6 5.0 21.2 7.3 24.1 20.8

Bergen-Passaic PMSA ..................... 100.0 84.8 2.5 19.5 7.3 12.2 6.3 22.7 9.2 24.5 9.8

Boston PMSA ................................... 100.0 83.0 4.1 12.4 8.5 3.9 5.7 17.6 8.5 34.7 10.2

Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ............... 100.0 79.0 3.9 15.7 11.0 4.8 5.8 22.4 5.4 25.7 15.3

Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ... 100.0 84.5 5.7 18.5 8.0 10.4 8.7 20.3 8.4 22.8 9.3

Chicago PMSA ................................. 100.0 84.8 6.0 17.9 10.0 7.9 7.5 18.9 8.4 26.1 9.6

Cincinnati PMSA ............................... 100.0 85.0 4.9 20.9 11.1 9.9 5.8 20.1 6.1 27.2 11.0

Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ......... 100.0 83.7 4.5 21.4 14.2 7.2 4.2 20.4 6.3 26.7 10.3

Columbus, Ohio MSA ....................... 100.0 78.3 4.8 13.4 8.1 5.3 5.5 21.5 8.4 24.8 14.1

Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA .................. 100.0 83.3 6.9 16.3 11.0 5.3 7.1 19.6 7.0 25.6 9.3

Dayton-Springfield MSA ................... 100.0 79.6 5.1 21.4 15.7 5.7 4.6 20.0 3.8 24.7 14.4

Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ....... 100.0 78.1 5.9 11.6 7.2 4.4 6.8 18.0 7.1 28.1 13.4

Detroit PMSA .................................... 100.0 86.2 5.1 22.8 19.9 2.9 4.9 21.5 6.4 25.4 9.9

Fort Lauderdale PMSA ..................... 100.0 84.1 7.5 8.1 6.4 1.8 8.0 21.9 7.9 30.8 9.9

Hartford MSA .................................... 100.0 82.3 4.8 18.9 14.2 4.7 4.4 16.4 10.4 27.3 11.2

Houston PMSA ................................. 100.0 82.9 9.4 14.9 7.1 7.7 6.7 20.3 5.8 23.0 9.7

Indianapolis MSA .............................. 100.0 85.9 4.7 16.2 9.6 6.7 5.6 22.9 7.7 28.7 8.9

Kansas City MSA .............................. 100.0 81.7 5.6 13.5 6.9 6.6 8.8 20.9 6.8 26.0 13.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 26. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex,

race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and area Total

employed1

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

Government Total2 Construction

Manufacturing Transportation,

communications,

and public utilities

Trade

Finance,

insurance, and

real

estate

Services3

Total Durable

goods

Nondurable

goods

White–Continued

Metropolitan areas:4–Continued

Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ...... 100.0 79.1 4.2 20.3 11.1 9.3 4.7 18.8 5.5 25.5 10.4

Louisville MSA .................................. 100.0 84.6 7.2 16.6 9.1 7.5 6.9 22.5 7.1 23.9 10.2

Memphis MSA .................................. 100.0 82.7 5.3 8.6 2.6 5.9 9.0 26.4 7.4 26.1 10.2

Miami PMSA ..................................... 100.0 83.9 5.6 9.6 4.8 4.8 10.8 21.9 9.2 26.8 9.3

Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ........... 100.0 86.2 3.8 23.0 16.2 6.8 4.3 18.0 8.2 28.7 9.5

Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................ 100.0 81.8 4.8 17.4 10.6 6.8 5.6 21.2 8.6 24.2 12.0

Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ...................... 100.0 78.8 5.2 11.7 6.8 5.0 8.1 19.4 8.0 26.3 16.6

New Orleans MSA ............................ 100.0 76.9 5.9 5.9 3.0 2.9 7.1 21.3 6.3 27.5 13.9

New York PMSA ............................... 100.0 79.3 4.1 11.0 3.0 8.0 5.3 17.9 11.3 29.7 13.4

Newark PMSA .................................. 100.0 82.7 4.4 16.2 6.8 9.3 7.1 21.3 8.5 25.1 11.2

Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport

News MSA .................................. 100.0 77.6 7.8 10.0 6.3 3.7 5.3 21.6 6.4 26.5 17.3

Oakland PMSA ................................. 100.0 73.0 5.7 12.0 6.7 5.3 7.3 17.6 7.7 22.6 14.1

Oklahoma City MSA ......................... 100.0 75.1 5.0 10.0 6.3 3.8 5.7 18.5 5.5 29.2 17.3

Orange County PMSA ...................... 100.0 78.6 5.0 21.2 14.5 6.8 3.5 18.2 6.9 23.6 10.3

Philadelphia PMSA ........................... 100.0 82.1 4.4 15.2 7.5 7.7 4.7 18.4 8.1 31.3 11.2

Phoenix-Mesa MSA .......................... 100.0 81.3 7.2 13.4 10.0 3.4 6.0 22.4 7.6 24.5 11.1

Pittsburgh MSA ................................. 100.0 80.2 3.3 12.5 9.2 3.3 6.9 21.7 6.3 29.0 10.9

Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............... 100.0 81.1 7.2 16.5 11.0 5.5 5.9 19.3 6.6 25.5 10.1

Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA 100.0 83.1 3.8 21.7 13.2 8.6 4.2 18.9 6.6 27.9 12.2

Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ..... 100.0 77.2 7.2 15.0 10.5 4.5 7.0 20.8 5.1 22.2 13.8

Rochester MSA ................................ 100.0 82.1 3.8 25.7 19.3 6.4 3.3 21.2 5.6 22.5 13.2

Sacramento-Yolo CMSA .................. 100.0 66.7 4.4 6.9 4.2 2.7 5.9 19.3 5.2 24.9 21.4

St. Louis MSA ................................... 100.0 85.6 6.6 15.0 9.4 5.6 5.6 23.2 6.0 28.8 8.4

Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............... 100.0 75.4 6.3 12.6 9.0 3.7 5.6 20.5 7.7 22.0 18.1

San Antonio MSA ............................. 100.0 76.2 5.2 9.0 6.4 2.6 6.0 21.2 6.8 27.2 17.2

San Diego MSA ................................ 100.0 75.2 4.2 12.9 9.1 3.8 5.4 19.4 5.9 27.3 14.4

San Francisco PMSA ....................... 100.0 77.6 5.4 10.9 5.4 5.5 5.5 18.4 6.3 31.0 8.4

San Jose PMSA ............................... 100.0 80.7 3.8 25.3 21.5 3.8 5.2 15.7 4.7 26.0 10.3

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........ 100.0 79.5 6.0 17.0 14.2 2.8 4.5 18.8 6.9 26.1 10.8

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater

MSA ............................................ 100.0 82.2 6.4 8.9 5.2 3.6 5.7 24.1 9.3 27.8 11.5

Washington D.C. PMSA ................... 100.0 71.1 6.6 5.1 2.9 2.3 5.3 14.3 6.2 33.6 21.1

Cities:

Baltimore central city ........................ 100.0 78.3 5.0 9.7 7.5 2.2 4.0 25.5 5.5 28.6 12.9

Chicago central city .......................... 100.0 82.9 6.5 15.3 8.2 7.1 5.5 17.1 9.5 29.0 10.4

Cleveland central city ....................... 100.0 83.6 2.8 27.3 19.9 7.4 2.8 17.9 7.4 25.4 10.1

Dallas central city ............................. 100.0 84.1 8.0 16.7 11.6 5.1 5.4 17.9 9.5 26.2 7.6

Detroit central city ............................. 100.0 77.9 6.6 15.8 13.4 2.4 11.6 20.2 6.6 17.1 20.6

District of Columbia .......................... 100.0 66.6 1.7 3.1 .3 2.9 4.3 8.8 6.6 42.1 25.7

Houston central city .......................... 100.0 84.6 7.8 12.2 6.3 5.9 7.0 21.7 5.5 28.0 7.3

Indianapolis central city .................... 100.0 86.6 4.0 13.0 6.1 6.9 6.4 25.4 6.9 30.9 9.0

Los Angeles central city .................... 100.0 81.1 4.7 18.2 9.1 9.1 4.1 19.3 5.4 29.5 6.5

Milwaukee central city ...................... 100.0 81.3 2.8 20.3 15.7 4.7 6.4 16.5 6.0 29.3 16.1

New York central city ........................ 100.0 79.9 3.8 10.5 2.6 7.9 5.8 18.3 11.9 29.6 13.2

Philadelphia central city .................... 100.0 80.5 3.8 10.7 4.3 6.3 3.8 17.2 6.8 38.1 13.9

Phoenix central city .......................... 100.0 82.5 8.9 11.7 8.9 2.8 6.4 22.7 6.3 26.1 10.9

St. Louis central city ......................... 100.0 80.6 3.0 18.9 7.7 11.1 3.1 19.7 4.1 31.8 14.5

San Antonio central city .................... 100.0 77.6 4.5 8.9 6.1 2.7 5.5 22.5 7.0 28.5 16.5

San Diego central city ....................... 100.0 76.3 3.1 10.9 7.7 3.1 4.9 18.7 6.2 32.6 14.1

San Francisco central city ................ 100.0 84.9 4.8 9.7 4.0 5.7 5.5 20.7 5.6 38.5 6.6

Black

Metropolitan areas:4

Atlanta MSA ...................................... 100.0 80.1 4.1 12.3 4.6 7.7 11.6 18.5 5.8 27.8 16.3

Baltimore PMSA ............................... 100.0 67.3 3.7 10.3 3.6 6.7 4.5 13.1 5.9 29.8 30.5

Bergen-Passaic PMSA ..................... 100.0 74.2 .9 14.9 3.7 11.2 6.5 11.7 2.6 37.7 24.7

Boston PMSA ................................... 100.0 84.4 3.4 10.7 7.3 3.4 9.1 8.7 12.1 40.3 14.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 26. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex,

race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and area Total

employed1

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

Government Total2 Construction

Manufacturing Transportation,

communications,

and public utilities

Trade

Finance,

insurance, and

real

estate

Services3

Total Durable

goods

Nondurable

goods

Black–Continued

Metropolitan areas:4–Continued

Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ............... 100.0 65.3 5 ( ) 20.8 7.2 13.6 2.3 6.4 7.0 28.9 34.7

Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ... 100.0 84.0 3.3 27.8 7.7 20.1 5.7 14.3 7.3 25.6 11.1

Chicago PMSA ................................. 100.0 76.0 2.4 12.0 6.0 6.0 8.6 15.0 7.4 30.7 19.8

Cincinnati PMSA ............................... 100.0 79.5 4.8 15.8 10.0 5.8 8.0 14.6 2.1 34.2 15.0

Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ......... 100.0 75.7 3.5 14.9 12.9 2.0 5.6 18.4 6.1 27.0 21.4

Columbus, Ohio MSA ....................... 100.0 75.1 3.6 7.0 5.9 1.1 7.0 21.9 12.5 23.0 18.9

Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA .................. 100.0 76.5 1.6 14.2 8.5 5.7 9.8 14.7 7.4 28.7 18.8

Dayton-Springfield MSA ................... 100.0 76.2 6.2 25.8 20.1 5.7 1.8 17.3 .6 24.5 14.5

Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ....... 100.0 84.8 2.3 8.7 6.4 2.3 13.2 28.8 2.9 28.8 13.8

Detroit PMSA .................................... 100.0 80.9 1.4 22.9 20.7 2.2 5.2 15.6 4.1 31.8 16.3

Fort Lauderdale PMSA ..................... 100.0 80.4 8.1 2.7 1.6 1.1 7.1 23.9 4.2 34.6 17.2

Hartford MSA .................................... 100.0 84.2 .8 14.4 11.8 2.6 5.4 24.4 9.0 30.3 14.9

Houston PMSA ................................. 100.0 76.5 3.7 7.3 3.3 4.0 13.2 21.5 4.2 26.0 20.6

Indianapolis MSA .............................. 100.0 79.3 .8 14.6 11.7 2.8 8.4 20.9 11.7 22.9 17.9

Kansas City MSA .............................. 100.0 67.6 1.2 12.0 3.6 8.4 6.8 13.2 9.7 24.5 31.8

Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ...... 100.0 65.4 1.5 8.7 5.1 3.6 8.8 12.3 4.4 29.6 27.9

Louisville MSA .................................. 100.0 84.7 2.1 26.2 13.4 12.8 11.0 11.9 5.9 27.6 14.8

Memphis MSA .................................. 100.0 81.6 1.8 11.6 6.2 5.3 14.8 23.3 6.7 23.5 16.5

Miami PMSA ..................................... 100.0 77.4 5.4 7.9 4.2 3.7 7.8 23.3 4.8 28.1 18.6

Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ........... 100.0 76.1 1.3 15.5 8.0 7.5 4.2 14.4 5.0 35.6 19.0

Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................ 100.0 86.5 5 ( ) 16.0 4.8 11.2 5.5 23.2 12.6 29.1 8.1

Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ...................... 100.0 68.8 4.1 14.1 7.1 7.0 9.0 16.5 6.3 18.9 27.5

New Orleans MSA ............................ 100.0 73.6 4.9 10.1 4.2 5.9 7.0 21.6 1.5 28.4 18.0

New York PMSA ............................... 100.0 71.8 4.3 6.2 2.0 4.2 6.3 11.0 8.4 35.5 24.7

Newark PMSA .................................. 100.0 75.0 .7 14.3 6.9 7.4 10.3 12.9 6.5 30.3 22.0

Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport

News MSA .................................. 100.0 69.5 4.8 10.9 7.5 3.4 4.5 12.0 3.5 33.9 26.9

Oakland PMSA ................................. 100.0 68.8 2.5 7.8 6.5 1.3 3.6 25.5 3.9 24.1 23.2

Oklahoma City MSA ......................... 100.0 58.3 2.2 12.8 9.0 3.9 7.5 14.7 2.2 18.8 36.7

Orange County PMSA ...................... 100.0 91.2 5 ( ) 35.3 28.0 7.3 5 ( ) 23.4 4.8 27.8 6.1

Philadelphia PMSA ........................... 100.0 75.6 2.9 6.8 1.7 5.1 5.5 16.6 8.0 35.8 22.4

Phoenix-Mesa MSA .......................... 100.0 75.0 1.6 8.4 4.2 4.2 6.0 16.7 11.5 31.0 21.3

Pittsburgh MSA ................................. 100.0 82.2 2.9 8.4 3.2 5.2 12.5 15.3 8.8 34.5 16.4

Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............... 100.0 73.6 .6 11.8 3.9 7.9 15.1 23.0 13.2 9.8 16.4

Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA 100.0 85.3 .9 32.9 13.8 19.1 2.4 12.2 4.4 32.5 9.5

Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ..... 100.0 70.6 3.9 12.6 7.3 5.4 10.7 10.2 8.4 24.6 28.9

Rochester MSA ................................ 100.0 76.7 .4 15.7 12.6 3.2 8.9 16.4 3.2 32.1 20.0

Sacramento-Yolo CMSA .................. 100.0 61.3 6.1 10.5 10.5 5 ( ) 6.1 8.0 10.7 19.9 38.7

St. Louis MSA ................................... 100.0 72.8 1.5 6.7 4.5 2.2 7.7 16.0 5.3 35.6 23.4

Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............... 100.0 77.5 5 ( ) 24.5 14.3 10.3 8.0 30.0 5 ( ) 14.9 22.5

San Antonio MSA ............................. 100.0 66.5 5 ( ) .4 .4 5 ( ) 7.5 11.2 5.2 42.2 33.5

San Diego MSA ................................ 100.0 72.1 3.3 1.5 .4 1.1 5.3 20.8 6.7 34.4 18.9

San Francisco PMSA ....................... 100.0 82.8 3.6 6.7 1.3 5.4 16.3 21.0 5.7 29.5 13.2

San Jose PMSA ............................... 100.0 90.3 1.1 14.0 14.0 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 21.3 28.5 25.4 9.9

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........ 100.0 82.1 5 ( ) 13.9 13.9 5 ( ) 22.1 15.0 2.4 28.7 11.5

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater

MSA ............................................ 100.0 77.9 6.0 9.7 3.1 6.6 6.5 22.5 9.2 23.0 16.2

Washington D.C. PMSA ................... 100.0 68.0 3.4 4.2 1.5 2.7 9.2 16.0 5.9 29.1 28.6

Cities:

Baltimore central city ........................ 100.0 71.2 4.9 10.6 2.4 8.1 4.5 11.0 6.2 34.1 26.4

Chicago central city .......................... 100.0 73.8 2.5 9.1 3.9 5.3 7.3 14.0 6.9 34.0 21.9

Cleveland central city ....................... 100.0 70.0 4.8 17.9 14.8 3.1 1.9 19.4 3.8 22.2 25.0

Dallas central city ............................. 100.0 79.6 2.4 10.9 6.1 4.8 10.0 11.8 12.2 32.4 15.7

Detroit central city ............................. 100.0 78.5 1.8 22.8 20.9 1.9 4.7 17.3 3.3 28.7 18.5

District of Columbia .......................... 100.0 61.6 2.0 1.4 .5 .9 6.8 13.5 4.5 33.4 33.9

Houston central city .......................... 100.0 79.0 3.2 6.4 4.1 2.3 11.7 24.1 3.7 29.9 20.0

Indianapolis central city .................... 100.0 80.5 .9 15.8 12.7 3.1 8.2 21.4 10.8 23.4 16.5

Los Angeles central city .................... 100.0 66.7 2.0 10.0 4.9 5.1 7.6 11.4 4.6 31.0 25.3

Milwaukee central city ...................... 100.0 76.4 1.3 15.9 8.2 7.7 2.8 14.8 5.2 36.5 18.5

New York central city ........................ 100.0 71.4 4.4 6.0 1.8 4.2 6.1 10.7 8.8 35.5 25.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 26. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex,

race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and area Total

employed1

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

Government Total2 Construction

Manufacturing Transportation,

communications,

and public utilities

Trade

Finance,

insurance, and

real

estate

Services3

Total Durable

goods

Nondurable

goods

Black–Continued

Cities:–Continued

Philadelphia central city .................... 100.0 72.7 2.1 5.0 .6 4.4 4.9 13.1 8.7 38.9 24.7

Phoenix central city .......................... 100.0 71.1 .9 8.7 2.7 6.0 2.9 16.1 12.4 30.1 25.7

St. Louis central city ......................... 100.0 69.7 .5 5.2 2.9 2.3 7.3 14.7 6.8 35.3 25.7

San Antonio central city .................... 100.0 67.7 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 7.7 10.3 3.2 46.5 32.3

San Diego central city ....................... 100.0 68.6 .5 .6 .6 5 ( ) 4.8 23.3 6.5 33.9 24.1

San Francisco central city ................ 100.0 82.0 4.6 7.1 .1 7.0 16.7 16.5 4.4 32.7 17.0

Hispanic origin

Metropolitan areas:4

Atlanta MSA ...................................... 100.0 89.9 23.7 10.0 5.1 4.9 14.2 23.5 1.6 17.0 4.9

Baltimore PMSA ............................... 100.0 51.8 5 ( ) 15.6 14.7 .9 5 ( ) 10.7 5 ( ) 25.5 35.9

Bergen-Passaic PMSA ..................... 100.0 93.5 2.1 36.5 13.8 22.7 7.7 22.2 5.5 19.4 5.7

Boston PMSA ................................... 100.0 87.2 3.1 18.1 9.8 8.4 2.1 24.0 3.1 36.8 9.4

Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ... 100.0 93.5 23.8 42.3 17.9 24.3 6.2 10.6 5 ( ) 10.6 5 ( )

Chicago PMSA ................................. 100.0 90.5 7.7 28.9 16.8 12.1 4.0 25.9 5.3 18.6 7.2

Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ......... 100.0 84.8 5.6 26.7 17.9 8.8 8.1 9.9 8.0 26.5 10.3

Columbus, Ohio MSA ....................... 100.0 88.5 11.0 16.7 7.5 9.3 9.1 33.9 7.9 9.9 3.7

Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA .................. 100.0 89.6 14.5 19.9 14.1 5.7 4.7 24.4 4.0 22.2 7.4

Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ....... 100.0 73.9 6.6 13.4 7.5 6.0 8.8 21.4 4.0 19.5 22.3

Detroit PMSA .................................... 100.0 87.6 9.9 30.5 26.7 3.8 3.8 20.8 5.7 16.9 8.5

Fort Lauderdale PMSA ..................... 100.0 93.7 3.2 15.4 10.3 5.1 11.4 22.5 9.0 32.2 3.7

Hartford MSA .................................... 100.0 81.6 .3 19.8 14.5 5.3 2.4 21.4 7.5 30.2 15.8

Houston PMSA ................................. 100.0 87.2 16.3 14.1 9.2 4.9 6.3 25.4 4.0 20.4 9.1

Kansas City MSA .............................. 100.0 93.7 10.4 19.0 10.1 8.9 11.5 28.7 5 ( ) 24.2 2.6

Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ...... 100.0 85.9 5.6 27.8 13.4 14.3 4.3 22.7 4.5 21.1 8.5

Louisville MSA .................................. 100.0 80.1 32.4 2.4 5 ( ) 2.4 8.0 17.4 5 ( ) 19.9 19.9

Memphis MSA .................................. 100.0 100.0 21.8 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 14.7 51.1 10.4 2.0 5 ( )

Miami PMSA ..................................... 100.0 85.9 6.1 10.6 5.5 5.1 11.2 24.1 8.9 25.0 6.7

Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ........... 100.0 97.1 .1 48.2 34.4 13.8 3.5 6.8 10.3 28.2 2.9

Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................ 100.0 89.4 1.7 23.2 10.7 12.5 2.1 43.7 4.8 13.8 8.9

Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ...................... 100.0 86.4 2.1 28.4 19.2 9.2 7.6 23.3 4.7 20.3 10.2

New Orleans MSA ............................ 100.0 81.9 4.3 9.0 6.6 2.4 12.7 29.9 .2 25.3 6.7

New York PMSA ............................... 100.0 83.4 4.2 14.1 3.6 10.5 5.4 25.6 7.1 27.0 12.5

Newark PMSA .................................. 100.0 91.5 3.1 27.5 8.9 18.6 7.5 29.1 4.7 19.6 5.7

Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport

News MSA .................................. 100.0 98.8 10.6 9.6 9.6 5 ( ) 23.7 17.2 1.1 36.6 1.2

Oakland PMSA ................................. 100.0 78.5 4.9 12.8 3.6 9.3 12.4 22.6 2.8 23.2 12.5

Oklahoma City MSA ......................... 100.0 96.8 7.3 26.4 13.0 13.5 .0 20.1 5 ( ) 36.1 .1

Orange County PMSA ...................... 100.0 88.6 5.9 32.9 22.1 10.8 2.0 20.1 6.1 21.5 4.0

Philadelphia PMSA ........................... 100.0 82.2 4.4 22.6 8.9 13.7 3.5 32.6 1.4 17.6 11.9

Phoenix-Mesa MSA .......................... 100.0 86.9 12.4 17.4 13.6 3.8 3.6 25.8 3.6 23.6 9.2

Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............... 100.0 92.9 10.3 30.0 20.0 10.0 5 ( ) 28.4 3.5 20.6 1.8

Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA 100.0 94.4 .1 55.5 27.4 28.1 5 ( ) 6.2 3.5 29.1 5 ( )

Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ..... 100.0 81.9 7.9 21.3 15.1 6.2 5.8 20.3 2.7 24.0 10.7

Rochester MSA ................................ 100.0 65.9 5 ( ) 27.6 3.8 23.9 5 ( ) 13.6 10.9 13.8 26.2

Sacramento-Yolo CMSA .................. 100.0 67.7 2.8 6.8 4.2 2.5 3.7 22.9 2.9 28.7 25.9

St. Louis MSA ................................... 100.0 79.4 5 ( ) 4.1 .4 3.7 1.4 28.6 17.9 27.5 5 ( )

Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............... 100.0 84.2 13.3 26.9 22.5 4.4 4.3 17.1 4.3 17.3 11.4

San Antonio MSA ............................. 100.0 76.6 6.9 10.0 7.2 2.8 6.0 23.3 6.1 23.6 19.5

San Diego MSA ................................ 100.0 78.4 5.4 15.8 11.5 4.3 5.2 21.2 7.0 23.8 13.7

San Francisco PMSA ....................... 100.0 83.3 8.4 11.1 6.8 4.3 3.7 23.8 5.5 30.8 11.9

San Jose PMSA ............................... 100.0 86.1 3.1 26.9 18.2 8.7 4.5 23.1 2.9 25.7 9.5

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........ 100.0 86.0 1.6 23.8 12.7 11.1 .3 44.6 3.4 12.4 10.5

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater

MSA ............................................ 100.0 88.1 7.7 14.6 7.0 7.6 6.6 24.9 5.9 28.4 9.4

Washington D.C. PMSA ................... 100.0 85.1 15.0 2.3 .8 1.5 3.7 27.7 3.7 32.7 12.2

Cities:

Chicago central city .......................... 100.0 89.6 8.2 25.9 14.4 11.5 4.3 27.7 6.7 16.8 8.0

Cleveland central city ....................... 100.0 84.5 4.2 27.0 18.4 8.6 5.1 11.5 12.5 24.4 8.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 26. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex,

race, and Hispanic origin, 1997 annual averages — Continued

Population group and area Total

employed1

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

Government Total2 Construction

Manufacturing Transportation,

communications,

and public utilities

Trade

Finance,

insurance, and

real

estate

Services3

Total Durable

goods

Nondurable

goods

Hispanic origin–Continued

Cities:–Continued

Dallas central city ............................. 100.0 87.9 16.1 19.3 15.2 4.1 5.2 20.9 6.0 20.4 8.3

Detroit central city ............................. 100.0 100.0 22.6 26.5 21.0 5.5 14.1 11.2 5 ( ) 25.5 5 ( )

District of Columbia .......................... 100.0 80.1 4.4 .1 5 ( ) .1 3.1 26.2 7.0 39.2 14.4

Houston central city .......................... 100.0 89.3 14.4 13.4 8.9 4.5 7.5 27.8 5.5 20.2 6.2

Los Angeles central city .................... 100.0 87.9 7.5 27.0 13.1 13.9 2.9 23.8 4.6 22.1 5.9

Milwaukee central city ...................... 100.0 96.4 5 ( ) 48.3 35.4 12.9 4.4 7.7 8.6 27.3 3.6

New York central city ........................ 100.0 83.1 4.1 14.2 3.3 10.9 5.4 25.4 7.4 26.6 12.8

Philadelphia central city .................... 100.0 69.1 7.8 22.2 12.3 9.8 3.1 24.3 .4 11.3 17.7

Phoenix central city .......................... 100.0 90.4 14.9 16.3 13.8 2.5 3.8 23.4 3.8 28.1 6.3

San Antonio central city .................... 100.0 77.2 6.0 10.1 7.1 3.1 6.1 25.0 6.4 23.2 18.4

San Diego central city ....................... 100.0 74.1 4.0 14.2 10.7 3.5 5.0 16.6 6.0 28.2 16.2

San Francisco central city ................ 100.0 81.8 12.3 3.9 2.8 1.0 1.0 24.2 4.2 36.3 14.8

1 Includes self-employed and unpaid family workers and mining. 2 Includes mining. 3 Excludes private household workers. 4 All are Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA’s) except St Louis and

those labeled Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas (CMSA’s) or

Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas (PMSA’s). The differences are

discussed in appendix C, "Geographic Boundary Definitions".

5 Less than 500 persons employed or less than 0.05 percent of total

employed.

 NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not

meet BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on

the sample in that area. See appendix B. Detail may not add to totals

because of rounding.
Table 27. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Unemployment rates for nonagricultural workers by industry1, 1997 annual

averages

Area Total2

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

Government Total3 Construction

Manufacturing Transportation,

communications,

and public utilities

Trade

Finance,

insurance, and

real

estate

Services4

Total Durable

goods

Nondurable

goods

Metropolitan areas:5

Atlanta MSA ...................................... 3.4 3.8 3.5 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.2 5.8 1.8 4.1 1.7

Baltimore PMSA ............................... 5.4 6.7 6.8 6.1 4.4 8.6 3.4 7.2 4.2 7.7 2.0

Bergen-Passaic PMSA ..................... 3.4 3.4 6 ( ) 2.5 6 ( ) 2.7 6 ( ) 4.7 .9 3.8 4.1

Boston PMSA ................................... 3.3 3.6 9.1 3.6 3.0 4.7 2.8 4.0 2.9 3.0 2.6

Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ............... 5.0 5.3 6 ( ) 6.5 4.0 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6.2 6 ( ) 3.6 5.0

Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ... 3.2 3.6 6 ( ) 3.3 6.5 1.3 1.9 4.7 .6 4.1 .0

Chicago PMSA ................................. 4.3 4.5 7.6 3.5 3.1 3.9 2.7 6.0 2.3 4.6 2.8

Cincinnati PMSA ............................... 3.2 3.6 6 ( ) 2.4 2.5 2.2 6 ( ) 4.9 6 ( ) 3.7 1.0

Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ......... 3.9 4.2 10.3 3.3 3.2 3.6 2.6 5.2 2.9 3.6 1.1

Columbus, Ohio MSA ....................... 3.3 3.9 6 ( ) 2.3 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 5.7 2.9 3.2 1.3

Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA .................. 3.6 4.0 2.5 3.2 2.4 4.9 2.2 5.9 3.4 4.0 1.3

Dayton-Springfield MSA ................... 5.0 5.9 6 ( ) 4.3 3.5 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6.4 6 ( ) 6.3 1.3

Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ....... 3.0 3.5 4.0 2.2 2.0 6 ( ) 2.4 4.8 2.3 3.5 2.0

Detroit PMSA .................................... 3.8 4.1 8.9 3.2 2.9 5.3 3.2 4.8 2.6 4.1 .9

Fort Lauderdale PMSA ..................... 4.2 4.3 7.4 5.4 .8 6 ( ) 2.4 4.9 6.6 2.9 4.2

Hartford MSA .................................... 3.7 4.0 6 ( ) 2.7 1.7 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 5.3 5.8 2.5 3.1

Houston PMSA ................................. 5.4 5.8 11.4 3.9 3.1 4.6 2.8 7.0 2.9 5.4 2.9

Indianapolis MSA .............................. 2.8 2.7 6 ( ) 2.8 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 3.4 6 ( ) 1.6 6 ( )

Kansas City MSA .............................. 3.4 3.9 6 ( ) 3.6 6.6 .5 5.7 5.7 1.4 3.0 1.0

Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ...... 5.8 6.2 10.2 5.8 4.0 7.8 3.2 7.4 5.7 5.6 3.8

Louisville MSA .................................. 3.8 3.9 6 ( ) 2.0 2.0 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 3.8 6 ( ) 4.2 3.5

Memphis MSA .................................. 4.4 4.6 6 ( ) 3.3 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 1.9 5.8 6 ( ) 5.6 2.0

Miami PMSA ..................................... 5.9 6.2 8.5 4.7 4.0 5.4 4.1 9.1 .7 6.2 3.0

Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ........... 4.5 4.8 6 ( ) 3.9 1.7 8.4 6 ( ) 7.3 2.2 4.2 2.5

Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................ 2.9 3.1 6.0 2.3 2.1 2.8 3.7 4.2 1.3 2.8 1.7

Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ...................... 2.6 2.8 7.3 2.3 2.4 6 ( ) 3.0 2.8 3.5 1.7 1.5

New Orleans MSA ............................ 4.3 5.3 6 ( ) 1.5 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 2.8 8.1 6 ( ) 3.9 1.3

New York PMSA ............................... 7.7 8.5 16.8 9.3 10.4 8.9 5.9 10.2 5.9 7.4 4.5

Newark PMSA .................................. 5.6 6.0 9.5 4.5 5.0 4.1 10.7 5.4 3.6 6.2 2.1

Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport

News MSA .................................. 5.0 6.0 9.4 6.7 7.6 4.8 6 ( ) 7.9 6 ( ) 4.9 1.7

Oakland PMSA ................................. 3.9 4.6 6 ( ) 2.5 3.5 .8 6 ( ) 4.7 5.0 4.4 2.0

Oklahoma City MSA ......................... 3.8 4.6 6 ( ) 3.7 3.3 4.3 6 ( ) 7.4 6 ( ) 3.4 .7

Orange County PMSA ...................... 3.8 4.0 6 ( ) 2.8 2.2 3.9 6 ( ) 7.7 .5 2.9 2.5

Philadelphia PMSA ........................... 4.8 5.2 7.7 4.6 4.3 4.8 4.3 7.4 3.2 4.5 2.9

Phoenix-Mesa MSA .......................... 3.8 4.3 3.1 3.1 2.0 6.0 3.2 6.3 2.9 3.9 2.2

Pittsburgh MSA ................................. 4.5 5.0 16.9 4.5 4.4 4.9 1.7 5.0 3.4 4.8 3.1

Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............... 3.8 4.2 8.9 2.4 1.6 4.0 2.8 5.1 2.6 4.0 2.3

Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA 4.7 5.3 13.3 5.2 5.1 5.4 5.3 6.8 2.1 4.0 1.5

Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ..... 7.3 8.2 10.3 6.7 4.9 10.6 3.3 9.1 3.3 10.3 2.7

Rochester MSA ................................ 4.4 4.6 6 ( ) 3.2 1.9 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6.0 6 ( ) 4.0 3.6

Sacramento-Yolo CMSA .................. 5.1 6.2 6 ( ) 5.7 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 5.7 6 ( ) 4.9 3.3

St. Louis MSA ................................... 4.7 5.1 8.8 4.9 5.3 4.4 4.1 5.5 4.7 4.5 1.5

Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............... 3.0 3.2 5.5 2.8 3.0 6 ( ) 1.7 3.5 1.6 3.6 2.0

San Antonio MSA ............................. 4.4 4.7 6 ( ) 3.8 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6.0 6 ( ) 3.8 3.4

San Diego MSA ................................ 5.1 5.9 13.9 4.1 5.1 6 ( ) 5.7 5.1 3.4 6.5 3.3

San Francisco PMSA ....................... 4.3 4.8 6 ( ) 3.3 6 ( ) 4.5 6 ( ) 5.7 2.3 4.0 4.4

San Jose PMSA ............................... 3.2 3.6 6 ( ) 2.6 1.9 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6.3 6 ( ) 2.3 2.9

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........ 3.9 4.2 5.9 2.4 1.7 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 8.2 1.4 1.9 4.3

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater

MSA ............................................ 4.8 5.4 8.1 6.1 8.3 3.5 3.7 5.6 2.3 5.5 2.5

Washington D.C. PMSA ................... 3.9 4.6 5.5 3.6 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 2.7 7.1 2.4 4.1 2.3

Cities:

Baltimore central city ........................ 12.4 14.4 6 ( ) 14.0 6 ( ) 20.3 6 ( ) 17.9 6 ( ) 14.5 5.3

Chicago central city .......................... 7.2 7.7 8.3 8.2 7.2 9.2 5.3 11.3 3.0 7.1 4.7

Cleveland central city ....................... 7.0 7.8 6 ( ) 4.8 3.6 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 7.0 6 ( ) 11.4 .7

Dallas central city ............................. 4.0 4.6 6 ( ) 3.9 1.9 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 10.6 3.4 3.1 6 ( )

Detroit central city ............................. 7.6 9.1 6 ( ) 3.0 2.8 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 13.2 6 ( ) 10.6 1.1

District of Columbia .......................... 7.4 8.2 26.8 7.7 6 ( ) 7.3 4.5 12.5 6.2 6.5 6.0

Houston central city .......................... 6.9 7.2 15.3 6.2 5.1 7.4 4.0 7.6 5.2 6.4 4.1

Indianapolis central city .................... 4.3 4.2 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 4.5 6 ( ) 2.8 6 ( )

Los Angeles central city .................... 6.7 6.7 13.0 7.2 5.3 9.2 2.9 7.7 8.0 5.2 7.4

Milwaukee central city ...................... 8.1 9.1 6 ( ) 8.5 1.9 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 13.6 6 ( ) 7.5 4.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 27. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Unemployment rates for nonagricultural workers by industry1, 1997 annual

averages — Continued

Area Total2

Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers

Government Total3 Construction

Manufacturing Transportation,

communications,

and public utilities

Trade

Finance,

insurance, and

real

estate

Services4

Total Durable

goods

Nondurable

goods

Cities:–Continued

New York central city ........................ 8.2 9.2 18.6 10.4 12.0 9.8 6.6 10.7 6.2 8.0 4.5

Philadelphia central city .................... 7.7 8.7 6 ( ) 11.3 6 ( ) 12.2 9.1 14.0 2.8 6.8 4.5

Phoenix central city .......................... 4.6 5.1 2.1 5.2 2.9 6 ( ) 4.0 8.4 2.7 3.9 2.4

St. Louis central city ......................... 5.7 6.7 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6.7 6 ( )

San Antonio central city .................... 4.3 4.3 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 5.4 6 ( ) 2.7 4.1

San Diego central city ....................... 5.0 6.0 6 ( ) 3.9 4.3 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6.8 6 ( ) 5.5 2.0

San Francisco central city ................ 4.5 4.4 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 4.4 6 ( ) 3.4 6 ( )

1 Excludes persons with no previous work experience. 2 Includes self-employed and unpaid family workers and mining. 3 Includes mining. 4 Excludes private household workers. 5 All are Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA’s) except St Louis and those

labeled Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas (CMSA’s) or Primary

Metropolitan Statistical Areas (PMSA’s). The differences are discussed in

appendix C, "Geographic Boundary Definitions". 6 Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS

publication standards of reliability for the particular area, based on the sample

in that area. See appendix B.
138

Appendix A.

Concepts and Definitions

for Data Derived from the

Current Population Survey

Tables showing labor force status include provisional estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years

and over as well as data on the civilian labor force, labor

force participation rates, and unemployment rates. Population estimates are revised by the Bureau of the Census each

year, and the revised estimates are incorporated into the CPS

labor force levels. This adjustment affects the estimates of

labor force, employment, and unemployment but does not

affect percentages such as unemployment rates, participation

rates, or employment-population ratios. Thus, levels contained in this publication may not be comparable to levels

published in earlier (or subsequent) Geographic Profiles.

The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data

in use as of January 1994 are as follows:

Civilian noninstitutional population. Included are persons

16 years of age and older residing in the 50 States and the

District of Columbia who are not inmates of institutions (e.g.,

penal and mental facilities, homes for the aged) and who are

not on active duty in the Armed Forces.

Employed persons. All persons who, during the reference

week, (a) did any work at all (at least 1 hour) as paid employees, worked in their own business or profession or on their

own farm, or worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in

an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and (b)

were not working but had jobs or businesses from which they

were temporarily absent because of vacation, illness, bad

weather, child-care problems, maternity or paternity leave,

labor-management dispute, job training, or other family or

personal reasons, whether or not they were paid for the time

off or were seeking other jobs.

Unemployed persons. All persons who had no employment

during the reference week, were available for work, except

for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find

employment some time during the 4 week period ending with

the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be recalled

to a job from which they had been laid off need not have been

looking for work to be classified as unemployed.

Duration of unemployment. This represents the length of time

(through the current reference week) that persons classified

as unemployed had been looking for work. For persons on

layoff, duration of unemployment represents the number of

full weeks they had been on layoff.

Reason for unemployment. Unemployment is also categorized according to the status of individuals at the time they

began to look for work. The reasons for unemployment are

divided into five major groups: (1) Job losers, comprised of

(a) persons on temporary layoff, who have been given a date

to return to work or who expect to return within 6 months

(persons on layoff need not be looking for work to qualify as

unemployed), and (b) permanent job losers, whose employment ended involuntarily and who began looking for work;

(2) Job leavers, persons who quit or otherwise terminated

their employment voluntarily and immediately began looking for work; (3) Persons who completed temporary jobs (included along with job losers in this publication), who began

looking for work after the jobs ended; (4) Reentrants, persons who previously worked but were out of the labor force

prior to beginning their job search; and (5) New entrants,

persons who never worked.

Labor force. This group comprises all persons classified as

employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria described above.

Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate represents the

number unemployed as a percent of the labor force.

Participation rate. This represents the proportion of the population that is in the labor force.

Employment-population ratio. This represents the proportion of the population that is employed.

Occupation and industry. This information for the employed

applies to the job held in the reference week. Persons with

two or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked

the greatest number of hours. The unemployed are classified

according to their last job. The occupational and industrial

classification of CPS data is based on the coding systems used

in the 1990 census.
139

Hours of work. These statistics relate to the actual number of

hours worked during the reference week. For example, persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were off on the

Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32

hours, even though they were paid for the holiday. For persons working in more than one job, the figures relate to the

number of hours worked in all jobs during the week; all the

hours are credited to the major job.

At work part time for economic reasons. Sometimes referred

to as involuntary part time, this category refers to individuals

who gave an economic reason for working 1 to 34 hours during the reference week. Economic reasons include slack work

or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time

work, and seasonal declines in demand. Those who usually

work part time must also indicate that they want and are available to work full time to be classified as on part time for economic reasons.

At work part time for noneconomic reasons. This group includes those persons who usually work part time and were at

work 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for a noneconomic reason. Noneconomic reasons include, for example:

Illness or other medical limitations, child-care problems or

other family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and being in a

job where full-time work is less than 35 hours. The group

also includes those who gave an economic reason for usually

working 1 to 34 hours but said they do not want to work full

time or were unavailable for such work.

Usual full- or part-time status. Data on persons “at work”

exclude persons who were temporarily absent from a job and

therefore classified in the zero-hours-worked category, “with

a job but not at work.” These are persons who were absent

from their jobs for the entire week for such reasons as bad

weather, child-care problems, maternity or paternity leave,

vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor dispute. In order

to differentiate a person’s normal schedule from their activity

during the reference week, persons are also classified according to their usual full- or part-time status. In this context,

full-time workers are those who usually worked 35 hours or

more (at all jobs combined). This group will include some

individuals who worked less than 35 hours in the reference

week for either economic or noneconomic reasons and those

who are temporarily absent from work. Similarly, part-time

workers are those who usually work less than 35 hours per

week (at all jobs), regardless of the number of hours worked

in the reference week. This may include some individuals

who actually worked more than 34 hours in the reference week,

as well as those who are temporarily absent from work.

White, black, and other. These are terms used to describe the

race of persons. Included in the “other” group are American

Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders.

Because of the relatively small sample size in most areas,

data for “other” races are not published. In the enumeration

process, race is determined by the household respondent.

Hispanic origin. This refers to persons who identified themselves in the survey enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto

Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or of other Hispanic origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin may be

of any race; thus, they are included in both the white and

black population groups.
140

Appendix B.

Sampling and Estimation

Procedures and Sampling

Error Tables

The estimates presented in this bulletin are based on annual averages of monthly data obtained from the CPS, a

sample survey of the civilian noninstitutional population. The

survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census

for BLS, and provides comprehensive data on the labor force,

employed, and unemployed, including such characteristics as

age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, occupation, and industry. The

survey also provides data on the characteristics of those not

in the labor force.

Each month, trained interviewers collect information from

a scientifically-selected sample (about 50,000 occupied housing units), designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional

population. Selected respondents are interviewed to obtain

information about the employment status of each household

member 16 years of age and over. The “reference week” is

the calendar week (Sunday through Saturday) which includes

the 12th of the month. Actual field interviewing is conducted

during the following week, which is known as the “survey”

week.

Sampling procedures

The 1997 sample encompasses 754 sample areas, with coverage in every State and the District of Columbia. It is based

to a large extent on information about the distribution of the

population as reported in the 1990 decennial census. (A redesigned 1990 census-based sample was phased in during

the April 1994 through July 1995 period.) These areas were

selected by dividing the entire area of the United States into

2,007 primary sampling units (PSUs). With some minor exceptions, a PSU consists of a county or number of contiguous

counties. Most metropolitan areas constitute separate PSUs.

To improve the efficiency of the sample, the 2,007 PSUs

are grouped into strata within each State. Then, one PSU is

selected from each stratum, with the probability of selection

proportionate to the relative population size of the PSU. PSUs

in strata by themselves are called “self-representing” and are

generally the most populous in each State. Other strata are

formed by combining PSUs that are similar in such characteristics as population growth, proportion of blacks and Hispanics, occupation/industry, and age/sex distribution. PSUs

selected from these strata are “non-self-representing,” since

each one chosen represents the entire stratum.

Within each of the selected PSUs, the number of households to be enumerated each month is determined in two steps.

First, a sample of census enumeration districts (EDs) is selected using the population size probability selection procedure. EDs are administrative units and contain, on average,

about 300 households. Second, clusters of approximately four

addresses (contiguous wherever possible) are selected to be

enumerated within each designated ED.

Part of the sample is changed, or rotated, each month.

A given rotation group is in the sample for 4 consecutive

months, leaves the sample during the following 8 months,

and then returns for another 4 consecutive months. A primary reason for rotating the sample is to minimize the lack of

cooperation which may result from interviewing a constant

panel indefinitely. The rotation plan provides for three-fourths

of the sample to be identical from one month to the next and

one-half to be identical with the same month a year earlier.

Estimating methods

Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the results for a given month become available simultaneously and

are based on returns from the entire sample of respondents.

The estimation procedure involves weighting the data from

each sample person by the inverse of the probability of the

person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of

the number of actual persons that each sample person represents. Through a series of estimation steps (outlined below),

the selection probabilities are adjusted for noninterviews and

survey undercoverage; data from previous months are incorporated into the estimates through the composite estimation

procedure.

1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed

households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for

occupied sample households for which no information was

obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or

unavailability of the respondents for other reasons. This

noninterview adjustment is made separately for clusters of

similar sample areas that are usually, but not necessarily, contained within a State. Similarity of sample areas is based on

metropolitan area status and size. Within each cluster, there

is a further breakdown by residence. The proportion of sample
141

households not interviewed varies from 6 to 7 percent, depending upon a number of factors, including weather and

vacations.

2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from

that of the population as a whole in such characteristics as:

age, race, sex, and State of residence. Because these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation

and other principal measurements made from the sample, the

survey estimates can be substantially improved when weighted

appropriately by the known distribution of these population

characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages of

ratio adjustment, as follows:

a. First-stage ratio estimation. The purpose of the firststage ratio adjustment is to reduce the contribution to variance that results from selecting a sample of PSUs rather than

drawing sample households from every PSU in the Nation.

This adjustment is made to the CPS weights in two race cells:

Black and nonblack; it is applied only to PSUs that are nonself-representing and for those States that have a substantial

number of black households. The procedure corrects for differences that existed in each State cell at the time of the 1990

census between the race distribution of the population in

sample PSUs and the race distribution of all non-self-representing PSUs.

b. Second-stage ratio estimation. This procedure substantially reduces the variability of estimates and corrects, to

some extent, for CPS undercoverage. The CPS sample

weights are adjusted to ensure that sample-based estimates

of population match independent population controls. Three

sets of controls are used:

1) 51 State controls of the civilian noninstitutional

population 16 years of age and older,

2) National civilian noninstitutional population

controls for 14 Hispanic and 5 non-Hispanic

age-sex categories, and

3) National civilian noninstitutional population

controls for 66 white, 42 black, and 10 “other”

age-sex categories.

The independent population controls are prepared by projecting forward the resident population as enumerated on April

1, 1990. The projections are derived by updating demographic

census data with information from a variety of other data

sources that account for births, deaths, and net migration.

Subtracting estimated numbers of resident Armed Forces personnel and institutionalized persons reduces the resident population to the civilian noninstitutional population. Estimates

of net census undercount, determined from the Post Enumeration Survey, are added to the population projections. Prior to

January 1994, the projections were based on earlier censuses,

and there was no correction for census undercount.

3. Composite estimation procedure. The last step in the preparation of most CPS estimates makes use of a composite estimation procedure. The composite estimate consists of a

weighted average of two factors: (1) the second-stage ratio

estimate based on the entire sample from the current month

and (2) the composite estimate for the previous month, plus

an estimate of the month-to-month change based on the six

rotation groups common to both months. In addition, a bias

adjustment term is added to the weighted average to account

for relative bias associated with month-in-sample estimates.

The compositing procedure results in a reduction in sampling

error beyond that which is achieved after the two stages of

ratio adjustment.

Reliability of the estimates

The estimates in this bulletin are based upon a sample of the

population rather than a complete count. Therefore, they may

differ from the figures that would have been obtained if it had

been possible to take a complete census using the same schedules and procedures as are used in the CPS. There are two

types of errors in an estimate based on a sample survey—

sampling and nonsampling. The sampling error tables provided later in this appendix indicate the magnitude of the sampling error. They also partially measure the effect of some

nonsampling errors in response and enumeration, but do not

measure any systematic biases in the data.

Sampling variability. The standard error is primarily a measure of sampling variability, that is, the variation that occurs

by chance because a sample rather than the entire population

is surveyed. The sample estimate and its standard error enable one to construct confidence intervals, that is, ranges that

would include the average result of all possible samples with

a known probability. For example, if all possible samples

were selected, each of these samples were surveyed under

essentially the same conditions using the same sample design, and an estimate and its estimated standard error were

calculated from each sample, then the following would occur:

1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals

from one standard error below the estimate

to one standard error above the estimate

would include the average result of all possible samples.

2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals

from 1.6 standard errors below the estimate

to 1.6 standard errors above the estimate

would include the average result of all possible samples.

3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals

from two standard errors below the esti-
142

mate to two standard errors above the estimate would include the average result of

all possible samples.

The error of a sample estimate varies inversely with the

size of the sample and directly with the size of the estimate.

Hence, an estimate for a subgroup constituting a small proportion of a population will tend to have a larger error relative to its size than an estimate for a larger subgroup.

Reliability standards

The CPS sample design takes into consideration both national

and State reliability. For the State data, a minimum reliability standard is set: An expected maximum coefficient of variation (CV) on the level of total unemployment of 8 percent

annually. This is calculated based on a 6-percent unemployment rate. Because each State’s design must meet the reliability standard, the CPS sampling rate differs by State. (The

sampling rate is the proportion of all households that are selected for the sample.) Generally, the smaller the State population, the higher the sampling rate. The average State sampling rates range roughly from 1 in every 200 households to 1

in every 2,500 households in each stratum within the State.

Publication standards for State and area CPS data

To achieve comparability of the data for regions, divisions,

States, metropolitan areas, and cities for publication purposes,

a unique requirement for minimum labor force, employment,

or unemployment was developed for each area. This requirement is based on the known differences in sampling rates

among these areas. Before estimates are published for a specific category (e.g., Hispanic unemployment in a particular

State), a predetermined “critical cell” must meet a 50-percent CV requirement. As a result of this requirement, minimum bases for publication have been developed for each area.

Table B-1 lists the minimum necessary base for publication

of data in each of the regions, divisions, States, the District of

Columbia, metropolitan areas, and cities appearing in this

bulletin.

Estimates are not shown when they do not meet the minimum base for the State or area listed in table B-1. In tables

showing the labor force status of the population, the critical

cell is the size of the labor force of the particular population

group. In all other tables, the determining factor or critical

cell is the size of the base of the distribution, for example, the

size of total employment or unemployment for that area or

population subgroup. Data are not published for any cell with

a level of fewer than 500 persons or less than 0.05 percent of

the total for a given characteristic. An improved methodology for calculating minimum bases has been developed and

incorporated in this year’s publication.

Using the sampling error tables

Tables B-2 through B-5 provide sampling errors for use in

constructing 90-percent confidence intervals (approximately

1.6 standard errors) for major labor force characteristics. They

are approximations and thus indicate the order of magnitude

of the sampling error rather than the precise amount of the

possible error in an estimate. Illustrations on the use of these

tables are provided below. In all cases, the computations

present the estimated levels in thousands of persons.

Sampling error of an estimated number. Table B-5 shows

that an estimate of 50,000 unemployed persons in Maryland

will have an absolute sampling error of 10,000, or a relative

sampling error of 20 percent (10,000/50,000). In comparison, an estimate of 100,000 unemployed persons in Maryland has an absolute sampling error of 14,000, yielding a relative sampling error of 14 percent (14,000/100,000). A statement that unemployment in Maryland is between 40,000 and

60,000 in the first instance, and between 86,000 and 114,000

in the second, can be made with approximately 90-percent

confidence.

This can be interpreted as follows: If one were to draw all

possible samples and make an estimate from each sample

(using the same methods and techniques) and construct an

interval around each estimate (using the sampling errors shown

in the tables), then 90 percent of these intervals would contain the average value of all possible samples.

To convert a sampling error from 90-percent confidence,

as displayed in the tables, to 68-percent confidence (one standard error), multiply the sampling error shown in the tables

by 0.63. To convert the sampling error from 90- to 95-percent confidence (approximately two standard errors) multiply the sampling error by 1.23. For the example given above,

the sampling error at 90-percent confidence was 10,000. At

68-percent confidence, the error would be about 6,300 (10,000

x 0.63). At 95-percent confidence, the error would be about

12,300 (10,000 x 1.23).

Sampling error of a difference. To compute the error of a

difference from the tables, an additional step is required. If,

for instance, one wishes to know whether a change in the

unemployment rate from one year to the next in a particular

area for a particular population group is statistically significant, or whether the difference in the unemployment rate between two areas or population groups is statistically meaningful, the significance of the difference needs to be computed. (Differences between estimates for 2 consecutive years

may be influenced to some extent by the redesign of the CPS

concepts, questionnaire, and collection procedures, such as

that which occurred in 1994.)

As noted above, differences can take two general forms:

(1) differences between population groups and/or geographic

areas; or (2) differences for the same population group and

geographic area over time. Either type of difference can be

calculated using the following formula, and noting the limiting covariance assumption discussed below.

 SEd = (( SE1

2 + SE22 ) - 2C x ( SE1 x SE2 ))1/2
143

where:

SEd = the sampling error of the difference.

SE1 = the sampling error of one group or year.

SE2 = the sampling error of another group or year.

C = the covariance (or relationship) term.

The SE1 and SE2 can be found in the appropriate table of

Geographic Profile for each year if the comparison is between different years, because the size of the samples and,

consequently, sampling errors may differ from year to year.

Values for the covariance or “C” term (for employment and

unemployment) for differences between consecutive years are

as follows. For labor force or employment levels, C = 0.58;

for unemployment levels or rates, C = 0.37. It is important to

note that these “C” terms are usable only for calculating the

sampling error of a difference for over-the-year change for

the same geographic area and population group.

Covariance terms for the relationship between different

population groups or geographic areas in this bulletin are not

available. When calculating sampling errors for differences

between two different population groups or geographic areas, a “C” term of zero must be assumed. The effect of this

assumption is: (1) if the relationship between two groups,

areas, or years (differences for nonconsecutive years) is small,

the “C” term can legitimately be ignored and the sampling

errors won’t be adversely affected, or (2) if there is a strong

positive relationship between the two groups, areas, or years

(differences for consecutive years), then the error computed

without a “C” term will be overstated. This could lead one to

erroneously state that a difference or change was not statistically significant when, in fact, it was. When there is a strong

relationship over time for a labor force characteristic such as

employment (i.e., people tend to remain employed from one

year to the next), the importance of using a “C” term when

calculating the sampling error of a difference over time increases greatly.

The following example illustrates how to calculate a sampling error for a difference.

Suppose one wished to know whether a hypothetical difference between the unemployment level of 250,000 for a

particular population group in California and an unemployment level of 200,000 for the same group in New York was

statistically significant at 90-percent confidence. Table B-5

gives the error for an unemployment level of 250,000 in California as approximately 23,000 and the error for an unemployment level of 200,000 in New York as 17,000. Using the

formula described above without the “C” term produces the

following results:

 SE1 = 23; SE2 = 17

 SE1

2 + SE22 = 818

 SEd = (( SE1

2 + SE22 ))1/2 = 29

Because each State’s sample is independent, there is no

measurable correlation between the two estimates and a “C”

term of zero can be assured. Thus, the error of the difference

is approximately 29,000. Since the actual difference (50,000)

is greater than the error of the difference, it can be stated,

with 90-percent confidence, that the difference in the unemployment level is attributable to factors other than sampling

variability alone.

Sampling errors for unemployment rates. Unemployment

rates and error ranges for these rates are provided in tables 1,

12, and 23. This information can be used to derive a sampling error for an unemployment rate if one is needed. The

error range is a 90-percent confidence interval around the

unemployment rate. By subtracting the estimated unemployment rate from the upper bound of the range, the sampling

error for that rate can be obtained. This sampling error can

then be used in the above formula for computing the sampling error of a difference, or for whatever purpose the user

chooses.

Interpolation and extrapolation. Although sampling errors

are listed for selected levels of employment and unemployment in tables B-2 through B-5, users may wish to know the

sampling error for an estimate whose value is not listed. To

derive such a sampling error, it is necessary to use interpolation or extrapolation.

For example, in order to derive the sampling error for the

1997 total unemployment level in Tennessee, it is necessary

to use interpolation because table B-5 contains no sampling

error for an unemployment level estimate of 146,000. The

following formula and accompanying example show how to

interpolate for this estimate.

SE =[[( A-G) / (F-G)] x (X-Y)] + Y

where:

SE =the sampling error for the estimated value.

A =the estimated value (146,000).

F =the table value (200,000) immediately above

the estimated value.

G =the table value (100,000) immediately below

the estimated value.

X =the sampling error of F (20,000).

Y =the sampling error of G (14,000).

SE =[[(146 - 100) / (200 - 100)] x (20 - 14)] + 14

SE =( 0.46 x 6 ) + 14

=2.8 + 14

=16.8

=17
144

If the sample-based estimate were to lie outside the boundaries of the error tables, extrapolation can be used to approximate the sampling error. The formula for extrapolation is the

same as that for interpolation; however, the “F” term is the

highest value in the table and the “G” term becomes the next

highest value.

Derivation of sampling errors

The State and area sampling errors are developed using a

generalized regression procedure and are not based on sample

data for each individual area, population group, or labor force

characteristic. As with all sampling error tables produced for

CPS State and area data, a number of approximations were

required in order to derive sampling errors that would apply

to a wide variety of items. As a result, these sampling errors

indicate the order of magnitude of a sampling error rather

than a precise sampling error for any specific item. The sampling error tables are derived from standard error equations

and special parameters developed by the Bureau of Labor

Statistics. These parameters are available upon request to

the Division of Local Area Unemployment Statistics, Room

4675, 2 Massachusetts Avenue NE, Washington, DC 20212-

0001. Telephone: (202) 606-6406.

Tables B-2 through B-5 can be used for estimates pertaining to any race/ethnic group. As noted, the sampling errors

are based on a generalized regression procedure and are approximate. Generally, the degree of precision in these tables

is slightly greater for whites (and the total of all race/ethnic

groups) than it is for blacks or Hispanics.
145

Contents—Publication Standards

and Sampling Error Tables

Tables:

B-1. Minimum bases required for publication of Census region and division, State, and

metropolitan area data.................................................................................................................................. 147

Sampling errors at the 90-percent confidence level by Census region and division:

B-2. Estimated employment ................................................................................................................................. 150

B-3. Estimated unemployment ............................................................................................................................. 151

Sampling errors at the 90-percent confidence level by State:

B-4. Estimated employment ................................................................................................................................. 152

B-5. Estimated unemployment ............................................................................................................................. 154

Page
Table B-1. Minimum bases required for publication of Census region and division, State,

and metropolitan area data

(In thousands)

State or area

Minimum base

Employment Unemployment

Northeast ............................................................................ 8 34

 New England .................................................................... 7 35

 Middle Atlantic .................................................................. 8 34

Midwest .............................................................................. 11 57

 East North Central ............................................................ 11 56

 West North Central ........................................................... 10 59

South .................................................................................. 12 49

 South Atlantic ................................................................... 11 54

 East South Central ........................................................... 12 42

 West South Central .......................................................... 12 44

West ................................................................................... 9 44

 Mountain ........................................................................... 8 34

 Pacific ............................................................................... 9 47

Alabama ............................................................................. 11 45

Alaska ................................................................................. 3 3

Arizona ............................................................................... 10 48

Arkansas ............................................................................. 4 27

California ............................................................................ 9 47

Colorado ............................................................................. 13 63

Connecticut ......................................................................... 11 42

Delaware ............................................................................ 2 12

District of Columbia ............................................................ 1 4

Florida ................................................................................. 11 42

Georgia ............................................................................... 10 73

Hawaii ................................................................................. 2 12

Idaho ................................................................................... 3 11

Illinois .................................................................................. 9 48

Indiana ................................................................................ 13 88

Iowa .................................................................................... 5 52

Kansas ................................................................................ 7 39

Kentucky ............................................................................. 14 36

Louisiana ............................................................................ 10 34

Maine .................................................................................. 4 15

Maryland ............................................................................. 11 59

Massachusetts .................................................................... 8 44

Michigan ............................................................................. 10 48

Minnesota ........................................................................... 12 82

Mississippi .......................................................................... 7 24

Missouri .............................................................................. 17 67

Montana .............................................................................. 2 9

Nebraska ............................................................................ 3 37

Nevada ............................................................................... 4 23

New Hampshire .................................................................. 3 26

New Jersey ......................................................................... 6 34

New Mexico ........................................................................ 4 14

New York ............................................................................ 10 29

North Carolina .................................................................... 10 62

North Dakota ...................................................................... 2 14

Ohio .................................................................................... 13 47

Oklahoma ........................................................................... 7 43

Oregon ................................................................................ 7 32

Pennsylvania ...................................................................... 7 42

Rhode Island ...................................................................... 2 12

South Carolina .................................................................... 8 49

South Dakota ...................................................................... 2 13

Tennessee .......................................................................... 13 53

Texas .................................................................................. 14 49

Utah .................................................................................... 5 32

Vermont .............................................................................. 1 10

Virginia ................................................................................ 19 81

Washington ......................................................................... 11 72

West Virginia ...................................................................... 6 11

Wisconsin ........................................................................... 13 81

Wyoming ............................................................................. 1 5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table B-1. Minimum bases required for publication of Census region and division, State,

and metropolitan area data — Continued

(In thousands)

State or area

Minimum base

Employment Unemployment

Metropolitan area:1

Atlanta MSA ........................................................................ 9 84

Baltimore PMSA ................................................................. 10 49

Bergen-Passaic PMSA ....................................................... 6 53

Boston PMSA ..................................................................... 7 52

Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ................................................. 10 35

Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ..................................... 6 56

Chicago PMSA ................................................................... 7 41

Cincinnati PMSA ................................................................. 9 62

Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ........................................... 11 50

Columbus, Ohio MSA ......................................................... 10 61

Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA .................................................... 12 60

Dayton-Springfield MSA ..................................................... 11 39

Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ......................................... 8 58

Detroit PMSA ...................................................................... 8 47

Fort Lauderdale PMSA ....................................................... 9 41

Hartford MSA ...................................................................... 11 56

Houston PMSA ................................................................... 12 38

Indianapolis MSA ................................................................ 11 99

Kansas City MSA ................................................................ 9 61

Long Beach PMSA ............................................................. 5 26

Louisville MSA .................................................................... 9 51

Memphis MSA .................................................................... 10 48

Miami PMSA ....................................................................... 10 27

Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ............................................. 12 48

Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA .................................................. 9 72

Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ........................................................ 9 71

New Orleans MSA .............................................................. 7 38

New York PMSA ................................................................. 9 17

Newark PMSA .................................................................... 6 29

Newport News MSA ........................................................... 14 49

Oakland PMSA ................................................................... 8 74

Oklahoma City MSA ........................................................... 5 35

Orange County PMSA ........................................................ 8 66

Philadelphia PMSA ............................................................. 6 38

Phoenix-Mesa MSA ............................................................ 8 46

Pittsburgh MSA ................................................................... 7 39

Portland-Vancouver PMSA ................................................. 5 48

Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA .................................. 3 16

Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ....................................... 9 37

Rochester MSA .................................................................. 9 37

Sacramento-Yolo CMSA .................................................... 9 47

St. Louis MSA ..................................................................... 11 51

Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ................................................. 3 29

San Antonio MSA ............................................................... 13 52

San Diego MSA .................................................................. 9 55

San Francisco PMSA ......................................................... 8 67

San Jose PMSA ................................................................. 8 75

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA .......................................... 7 71

Clearwater MSA ................................................................. 10 36

Washington D.C. PMSA ..................................................... 10 58

Cities:

 Baltimore ........................................................................... 13 18

 Chicago ............................................................................. 6 18

 Cleveland ........................................................................... 12 26

 Dallas ................................................................................. 12 55

 Detroit ................................................................................ 10 20

 District of Columbia ........................................................... 1 4

 Houston ............................................................................. 13 28

 Indianapolis ....................................................................... 12 63

 Los Angeles ....................................................................... 6 24

 Milwaukee .......................................................................... 13 23

 New York ........................................................................... 10 15

 Philadelphia ....................................................................... 7 22

 Phoenix .............................................................................. 8 36

 St. Louis ............................................................................. 13 40

 San Antonio ....................................................................... 13 53

See footnotes at end of table.
Table B-1. Minimum bases required for publication of Census region and division, State,

and metropolitan area data — Continued

(In thousands)

State or area

Minimum base

Employment Unemployment

 San Diego .......................................................................... 9 56

 San Francisco .................................................................... 8 64

1 All are Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA’’s) except St. Louis and those labeled Consolidated

Metropolitan Statistical (PMSA’’s). The differences are discussed in Appendix C, Geographic Boundary

Definitions.
Table B-2. Sampling errors at the 90-percent confidence level for estimated employment by Census region and division

(In thousands)

Census region and division

Estimated level

10 20 25 50 100 200 250 400 800 1,000 1,500 2,000

Northeast .................................... 6 8 9 12 18 25 28 35 49 55 67 77

 New England ............................ 5 8 9 12 17 24 27 33 46 51 61 68

 Middle Atlantic .......................... 6 8 9 13 18 25 28 35 50 55 67 77

Midwest ...................................... 7 10 11 15 22 31 34 43 61 68 83 95

 East North Central .................... 7 10 11 15 22 31 34 44 61 68 83 95

 West North Central ................... 7 10 11 15 21 30 33 42 58 65 78 88

South .......................................... 7 10 11 15 22 31 34 43 61 68 83 96

 South Atlantic ........................... 7 10 11 15 21 30 34 43 60 67 81 93

 East South Central ................... 7 10 11 15 21 30 33 42 58 65 77 87

 West South Central .................. 7 10 11 16 22 31 35 44 62 69 84 95

West ........................................... 6 8 9 13 19 26 29 37 52 58 71 81

 Mountain ................................... 6 8 9 13 18 25 28 35 49 54 65 73

 Pacific ....................................... 6 8 9 13 19 27 30 38 53 59 71 82

Estimated level

2,500 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000

Northeast .................................... 85 116 137 152 163 170 176 170 – – –

 New England ............................ 74 87 77 ––––––––

 Middle Atlantic .......................... 85 115 133 145 151 153 143 ––––

Midwest ...................................... 106 145 172 193 208 220 233 235 227 206 –

 East North Central .................... 105 143 167 183 193 199 195 172 – – –

 West North Central ................... 96 121 125 114 –––––––

South .......................................... 107 148 178 201 220 236 260 276 285 289 286

 South Atlantic ........................... 103 141 165 183 194 202 204 191 – – –

 East South Central ................... 95 117 117 95 –––––––

 West South Central .................. 105 139 157 164 163 152 –––––

West ........................................... 90 124 147 164 176 185 195 194 183 – –

 Mountain ................................... 80 97 96 76 –––––––

 Pacific ....................................... 91 123 143 157 165 169 164 141 – – –
Table B-3. Sampling errors at the 90-percent confidence level for estimated unemployment by Census region and division

(In thousands)

Census region and division

Estimated level

2 5 10 20 25 50 100 200

Northeast .................................... 2 3 4 5 6 8 11 16

 New England ............................ 1 2 3 5 5 7 10 15

 Middle Atlantic .......................... 2 3 4 5 6 8 12 17

Midwest ...................................... 2 3 4 6 6 9 13 18

 East North Central .................... 2 3 4 6 7 9 13 18

 West North Central ................... 2 3 4 5 6 9 12 17

South .......................................... 2 3 4 6 7 9 13 19

 South Atlantic ........................... 2 3 4 6 7 9 13 19

 East South Central ................... 2 3 4 6 6 9 13 18

 West South Central .................. 2 3 4 6 7 9 13 19

West ........................................... 2 3 4 6 7 9 13 19

 Mountain ................................... 1 2 3 5 5 7 10 14

 Pacific ....................................... 2 3 4 6 7 10 14 20

Estimated level

250 400 600 800 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500

Northeast .................................... 18 23 28 32 36 44 – –

 New England ............................ 16 21 – – – – – –

 Middle Atlantic .......................... 19 24 29 33 37 45 – –

Midwest ...................................... 20 26 31 36 40 49 – –

 East North Central .................... 21 26 32 37 41 – – –

 West North Central ................... 19 24 – – – – – –

South .......................................... 21 26 32 37 41 51 58 65

 South Atlantic ........................... 21 26 32 37 41 50 – –

 East South Central ................... 20 25 31 – – – – –

 West South Central .................. 21 26 32 37 – – – –

West ........................................... 21 26 32 37 41 50 58 –

 Mountain ................................... 16 20 – – – – – –

 Pacific ....................................... 22 28 34 40 44 54 – –
Table B-4. Sampling errors at the 90-percent confidence level for estimated employment by State

(In thousands)

State

Estimated level

2 5 10 20 25 50 100 200 250 400 600 800

Alabama ..................................... 3 5 6 9 10 14 20 28 31 38 45 51

Alaska ......................................... 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 12 6 – –

Arizona ....................................... 3 4 6 9 10 14 19 27 30 37 44 49

Arkansas ..................................... 2 3 4 6 6 9 13 17 19 23 26 28

California .................................... 3 4 6 8 9 13 19 27 30 37 46 53

Colorado ..................................... 3 5 8 11 12 17 24 33 36 44 52 58

Connecticut ................................. 3 5 7 9 11 15 21 29 32 39 45 50

Delaware .................................... 1 2 3 4 4 6 8 10 10 9 – –

District of Columbia .................... 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 7– – –

Florida ......................................... 3 5 6 9 10 14 20 28 32 40 48 55

Georgia ....................................... 3 5 7 9 11 15 21 29 33 41 49 55

Hawaii ......................................... 1 2 3 4 5 7 9 12 13 15 14 –

Idaho ........................................... 2 2 3 5 5 7 10 14 15 16 15 –

Illinois .......................................... 3 4 6 8 9 13 19 26 29 37 45 51

Indiana ........................................ 3 5 8 11 12 17 24 33 37 46 55 61

Iowa ............................................ 2 3 5 7 8 11 15 21 23 28 33 35

Kansas ........................................ 3 4 6 8 9 12 17 24 26 32 36 39

Kentucky ..................................... 3 5 7 10 11 16 23 31 35 43 50 56

Louisiana .................................... 3 4 6 9 10 14 19 27 29 36 43 48

Maine .......................................... 2 3 4 5 6 8 11 15 16 19 18 14

Maryland ..................................... 3 5 7 10 11 15 21 30 33 41 49 55

Massachusetts ............................ 3 4 6 8 9 13 18 25 27 34 41 46

Michigan ..................................... 3 5 7 9 10 15 21 29 32 40 49 55

Minnesota ................................... 3 5 7 10 12 17 23 32 36 44 52 58

Mississippi .................................. 2 4 5 7 8 11 16 22 24 29 33 36

Missouri ...................................... 4 6 9 12 13 19 27 37 41 51 61 69

Montana ...................................... 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 11 12 12 8 –

Nebraska .................................... 2 3 4 5 6 8 11 15 16 19 20 19

Nevada ....................................... 2 3 4 6 6 9 12 17 18 21 23 22

New Hampshire .......................... 2 3 4 5 6 8 11 14 15 17 16 11

New Jersey ................................. 2 3 5 7 8 11 15 21 24 30 36 41

New Mexico ................................ 2 3 4 5 6 9 12 16 17 20 22 21

New York .................................... 3 4 6 9 10 14 19 27 30 38 46 53

North Carolina ............................ 3 5 7 9 10 15 21 29 32 40 48 55

North Dakota .............................. 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 10 11 8 – –

Ohio ............................................ 3 5 7 10 12 17 23 33 36 46 55 63

Oklahoma ................................... 2 4 5 7 8 11 16 22 24 30 35 38

Oregon ........................................ 2 4 5 7 8 12 16 23 25 31 36 39

Pennsylvania .............................. 2 4 5 8 8 12 17 24 26 33 40 46

Rhode Island .............................. 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 11 12 13 10 –

South Carolina ............................ 3 4 6 8 9 13 18 25 27 34 40 44

South Dakota .............................. 1 2 3 4 4 6 8 10 11 10 – –

Tennessee .................................. 3 5 7 10 11 16 22 31 35 43 51 58

Texas .......................................... 3 5 8 11 12 17 25 35 39 49 59 68

Utah ............................................ 2 3 5 7 8 11 15 20 22 26 29 29

Vermont ...................................... 1 2 2 3 4 5 7 8 8 6– –

Virginia ........................................ 4 6 9 13 14 20 28 39 43 54 65 73

Washington ................................. 3 5 7 10 11 15 21 30 33 41 49 55

West Virginia .............................. 2 3 4 6 7 10 13 18 20 23 26 26

Wisconsin ................................... 3 5 8 11 12 17 24 33 37 46 55 61

Wyoming ..................................... 1 2 2 3 3 5 6 7 6– – –
Table B-4. Sampling errors at the 90-percent confidence level for estimated employment by State — Continued

(In thousands)

State

Estimated level

1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 15,000

Alabama ..................................... 54 59 58 51 – – – – –

Alaska ......................................... – – – – – – – – –

Arizona ....................................... 52 57 56 50 – – – – –

Arkansas ..................................... 28 23 – – – – – – –

California .................................... 59 71 81 89 119 136 145 147 142

Colorado ..................................... 62 65 61 47 – – – – –

Connecticut ................................. 52 52 43 – – – – – –

Delaware .................................... – – – – – – – – –

District of Columbia .................... – – – – – – – – –

Florida ......................................... 61 73 82 90 108 103 – – –

Georgia ....................................... 60 70 76 79 50 – – – –

Hawaii ......................................... – – – – – – – – –

Idaho ........................................... – – – – – – – – –

Illinois .......................................... 56 67 74 80 89 66 – – –

Indiana ........................................ 67 76 80 79 – – – – –

Iowa ............................................ 36 34 20 – – – – – –

Kansas ........................................ 39 33 – – – – – – –

Kentucky ..................................... 59 63 59 – – – – – –

Louisiana .................................... 51 55 54 – – – – – –

Maine .......................................... – – – – – – – – –

Maryland ..................................... 59 66 68 65 – – – – –

Massachusetts ............................ 50 57 61 61 – – – – –

Michigan ..................................... 61 72 79 84 84 – – – –

Minnesota ................................... 63 69 69 63 – – – – –

Mississippi .................................. 37 32 – – – – – – –

Missouri ...................................... 74 83 86 84 – – – – –

Montana ...................................... – – – – – – – – –

Nebraska .................................... 16 – – – – – – – –

Nevada ....................................... 19 – – – – – – – –

New Hampshire .......................... – – – – – – – – –

New Jersey ................................. 45 52 57 59 48 – – – –

New Mexico ................................ – – – – – – – – –

New York .................................... 59 71 80 88 110 114 103 – –

North Carolina ............................ 60 69 75 78 48 – – – –

North Dakota .............................. – – – – – – – – –

Ohio ............................................ 70 82 92 98 107 71 – – –

Oklahoma ................................... 40 40 32 – – – – – –

Oregon ........................................ 41 41 34 – – – – – –

Pennsylvania .............................. 51 60 67 72 81 64 – – –

Rhode Island .............................. – – – – – – – – –

South Carolina ............................ 46 49 45 – – – – – –

South Dakota .............................. – – – – – – – – –

Tennessee .................................. 63 70 73 72 – – – – –

Texas .......................................... 75 90 102 112 140 147 135 – –

Utah ............................................ 27 – – – – – – – –

Vermont ...................................... – – – – – – – – –

Virginia ........................................ 80 92 98 101 28 – – – –

Washington ................................. 60 68 71 70 – – – – –

West Virginia .............................. – – – – – – – – –

Wisconsin ................................... 66 74 76 73 – – – – –

Wyoming ..................................... – – – – – – – – –
Table B-5. Sampling errors at the 90-percent confidence level for estimated unemployment by State

(In thousands)

State

Estimated level

2 5 10 20 25 50 100 200 250 400 600 800 1,000

Alabama ..................................... 2 3 4 6 6 9 13 18 – – – – –

Alaska ......................................... 1 1 2 2 3– – – – – – – –

Arizona ....................................... 2 3 4 6 6 9 12 17 – – – – –

Arkansas ..................................... 1 2 3 4 5 7 10 – – – – – –

California .................................... 2 3 5 6 7 10 14 20 23 29 35 40 45

Colorado ..................................... 2 3 4 5 6 9 12 – – – – – –

Connecticut ................................. 2 3 4 6 6 9 12 – – – – – –

Delaware .................................... 1 1 2 3– – – – – – – – –

District of Columbia .................... 1 1 2 2 2– – – – – – – –

Florida ......................................... 2 3 4 5 6 8 12 17 19 24 – – –

Georgia ....................................... 2 3 5 7 8 11 15 21 – – – – –

Hawaii ......................................... 1 2 2 3 4 5– – – – – – –

Idaho ........................................... 1 1 2 3 3 5– – – – – – –

Illinois .......................................... 2 3 4 6 6 9 13 18 20 25 – – –

Indiana ........................................ 2 3 5 7 7 10 15 20 – – – – –

Iowa ............................................ 2 2 3 5 5 8 10 – – – – – –

Kansas ........................................ 1 2 3 5 5 7 10 – – – – – –

Kentucky ..................................... 2 3 4 5 6 9 12 17 – – – – –

Louisiana .................................... 2 3 4 6 6 9 12 17 – – – – –

Maine .......................................... 1 2 2 3 4 5– – – – – – –

Maryland ..................................... 2 3 5 7 7 10 14 20 – – – – –

Massachusetts ............................ 2 2 4 5 6 8 11 15 – – – – –

Michigan ..................................... 2 3 4 5 6 9 12 17 19 – – – –

Minnesota ................................... 2 3 4 6 7 10 13 – – – – – –

Mississippi .................................. 1 2 3 4 5 7 10 – – – – – –

Missouri ...................................... 2 3 5 6 7 10 14 20 – – – – –

Montana ...................................... 1 1 2 3 3– – – – – – – –

Nebraska .................................... 1 2 3 4 4– – – – – – – –

Nevada ....................................... 1 2 3 4 4 6– – – – – – –

New Hampshire .......................... 1 2 2 3 4– – – – – – – –

New Jersey ................................. 2 2 4 5 6 8 11 15 17 – – – –

New Mexico ................................ 1 2 2 4 4 5 8– – – – – –

New York .................................... 2 3 4 5 6 8 12 17 19 23 28 – –

North Carolina ............................ 2 3 4 6 6 9 12 17 – – – – –

North Dakota .............................. 1 1 2 ––––––––––

Ohio ............................................ 2 3 4 6 6 9 13 18 20 25 – – –

Oklahoma ................................... 2 2 3 5 5 8 11 – – – – – –

Oregon ........................................ 2 3 4 5 6 8 11 16 – – – – –

Pennsylvania .............................. 2 3 4 6 6 9 12 17 19 24 – – –

Rhode Island .............................. 1 1 2 3 3 5– – – – – – –

South Carolina ............................ 2 3 4 6 6 9 12 – – – – – –

South Dakota .............................. 1 1 2 2– – – – – – – – –

Tennessee .................................. 2 3 5 6 7 10 14 20 – – – – –

Texas .......................................... 2 3 4 6 7 10 14 20 22 28 34 – –

Utah ............................................ 1 2 3 4 4 6– – – – – – –

Vermont ...................................... 1 1 2 2– – – – – – – – –

Virginia ........................................ 2 3 5 7 8 11 15 21 – – – – –

Washington ................................. 2 3 5 7 8 11 15 21 – – – – –

West Virginia .............................. 1 2 2 3 4 5 8– – – – – –

Wisconsin ................................... 2 3 5 6 7 10 14 20 – – – – –

Wyoming ..................................... 1 1 1 2– – – – – – – – –
155

Appendix C.

Geographic Boundary

Definitions

Table C-1 of this appendix lists the States composing theCensus regions and divisions for which data are published

in section I. Table C-2 provides the geographic definitions

of the metropolitan areas for which data are published in section III. These data for metropolitan areas reflect the standards and definitions established by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget on June 30, 1993.1

Effective December 22, 1987, the boundary of the St. Louis

metropolitan statistical area was redefined to include the part

of Sullivan City in Crawford County, Missouri. This change

is not reflected in the data for St. Louis shown in this bulletin,

although the addition of entire counties in 1993 is reflected.

Metropolitan areas

The general concept of a metropolitan area (MA) is that of a

core area containing a large population nucleus, together with

1

 The standards were published in the Federal Register on March 30,

1990; the definitions and a complete listing of the areas were published on

June 30, 1993 in OMB release 93-17.

adjacent communities that have a high degree of economic

and social integration within that core.

A Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) consists of one or

more counties and meets specified size criteria—either it contains a city of at least 50,000 inhabitants, or it contains an

urbanized area of at least 50,000 inhabitants, and has a total

population of at least 100,000.

A Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) is

a metropolitan area that has a population of at least 1 million

and which has been divided into two or more PMSAs (see

below). The CMSA comprises the same geographic area as

its constituent PMSAs.

A Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area (PMSA) is a subarea within a CMSA. The designation of these sub-areas is

based on specific criteria, including having a population of at

least 100,000 that is at least 60 percent urban, and the support of local opinion. Areas that were designated separate

metropolitan areas as of January 1, 1980, and are now part of

a larger area, are designated as PMSAs unless local opinion

does not support their continued separate designation for statistical purposes.

157

Table C-2. Geographic boundaries of metropolitan areas

Arizona

 Phoenix-Mesa ................................................ MSA Maricopa and Pinal Counties

California

 Los Angeles-Long Beach .............................. PMSA Los Angeles County

 Oakland ......................................................... PMSA Alameda and Contra Costa Counties

 Orange County .............................................. PMSA Orange County

 Riverside-San Bernardino ............................. PMSA Riverside and San Bernardino Counties

 Sacramento-Yolo ........................................... CMSA El Dorado, Placer, Sacramento, and Yolo Counties

 San Diego ...................................................... MSA San Diego County

 San Francisco ................................................ PMSA Marin, San Francisco, and San Mateo Counties

 San Jose ........................................................ PMSA Santa Clara County

Colorado

 Denver-Boulder-Greeley ................................ CMSA Adams, Arapahoe, Boulder, Denver, Douglas, Jefferson, and Weld

Counties

Connecticut

 Hartford .......................................................... MSA Bristol, Hartford, and New Britain cities and Avon, Berlin, Bloomfield,

Farmington, Glastonbury, Granby, Manchester, Marlborough, Newington,

Plainville, Rocky Hill, Simsbury, Southington, South Windsor, Suffield,

West Hartford, Wethersfield, Windsor, and Windsor Locks towns in

Hartford County; Barkhamsted, Harwinton, New Hartford, Plymouth, and

Winchester towns in Litchfield County; Middletown city and Cromwell,

Durham, East Haddam, East Hampton, Haddam, Middlefield, and Portland

towns in Middlesex County; Colchester and Lebanon towns in New London

County; Andover, Bolton, Columbia, Coventry, Ellington, Hebron,

Mansfield, Somers, Stafford, Tolland, Vernon, and Willington towns in

Tolland County; and Ashford, Chaplin, and Windham towns in Windham

County

District of Columbia

 Washington .................................................... PMSA District of Columbia; Calvert, Charles, Frederick, Montgomery, and Prince

George’s Counties, Md.; Alexandria, Fairfax, Falls Church, Fredericksburg,

Manassas, and Manassas Park cities, and Arlington, Clarke, Culpeper,

Fairfax, Fauquier, King George, Loudoun, Prince William, Spotsylvania,

Stafford, and Warren Counties, Va.; Berkeley and Jefferson

Counties,W.Va.

Florida

 Fort Lauderdale ............................................. PMSA Broward County

 Miami ............................................................. PMSA Miami-Dade County

 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater ................. MSA Hernando, Hillsborough, Pasco, and Pinellas Counties

Georgia

 Atlanta............................................................ MSA Barrow, Bartow, Carroll, Cherokee, Clayton, Cobb, Coweta, DeKalb,

Douglas, Fayette, Forsyth, Fulton, Gwinnett, Henry, Newton, Paulding,

Pickens, Rockdale, Spalding, and Walton Counties

Illinois

 Chicago.......................................................... PMSA Cook, DeKalb, DuPage, Grundy, Kane, Kendall, Lake, McHenry, and Will

Counties

Indiana

 Indianapolis ................................................... MSA Boone, Hamilton, Hancock, Hendricks, Johnson, Madison, Marion,

Morgan, and Shelby Counties

Kentucky

 Louisville ........................................................ MSA Bullitt, Jefferson, and Oldham Counties, Ky.; Clark, Floyd, Harrison, and

Scott Counties, Ind.

Louisiana

 New Orleans .................................................. MSA Jefferson, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St.

State and area Type of

area Definition
158

John the Baptist, and St. Tammany Parishes

Maryland

 Baltimore ....................................................... PMSA Baltimore City and Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Harford, Howard, and

Queen Anne’s Counties

Massachusetts

 Boston............................................................ PMSA Taunton city and Berkley, Dighton, Mansfield, and Norton towns in Bristol

County, Mass.; Beverly, Gloucester, Lynn, Newburyport, Peabody, and

Salem cities and Amesbury, Danvers, Essex, Hamilton, Ipswich, Lynnfield,

Manchester, Marblehead, Middleton, Nahant, Newbury, Rockport, Rowley,

Salisbury, Saugus, Swampscott, Topsfield, and Wenham towns in Essex

County, Mass.; Cambridge, Everett, Malden, Marlborough, Medford,

Melrose, Newton, Somerville, Waltham, and Woburn cities and Acton,

Arlington, Ashland, Ayer, Bedford, Belmont, Boxborough, Burlington,

Carlisle, Concord, Framingham, Holliston, Hopkinton, Hudson, Lexington,

Lincoln, Littleton, Maynard, Natick, North Reading, Reading, Sherborn,

Shirley, Stoneham, Stow, Sudbury, Townsend, Wakefield, Watertown,

Wayland, Weston, Wilmington, and Winchester towns in Middlesex County,

Mass.; Quincy city and Bellingham, Braintree, Brookline, Canton,

Cohasset, Dedham, Dover, Foxborough, Franklin, Holbrook, Medfield,

Medway, Millis, Milton, Needham, Norfolk, Norwood, Plainville, Randolph,

Sharon, Stoughton, Walpole, Wellesley, Westwood, Weymouth, and

Wrentham towns in Norfolk County, Mass.; Carver, Duxbury, Hanover,

Hingham, Hull, Kingston, Marshfield, Norwell, Pembroke, Plymouth,

Rockland, Scituate, and Wareham towns in Plymouth County, Mass.;

Boston, Chelsea, and Revere cities and Winthrop town in Suffolk County,

Mass.; Berlin, Blackstone, Bolton, Harvard, Hopedale, Lancaster, Mendon,

Milford, Millville, Southborough, and Upton towns in Worcester County,

Mass.; and Seabrook and South Hampton towns in Rockingham County,

N.H.

Michigan

 Detroit ............................................................ PMSA Lapeer, Macomb, Monroe, Oakland, St. Clair, and Wayne Counties

Minnesota

 Minneapolis-St. Paul ...................................... MSA Anoka, Carver, Chisago, Dakota, Hennepin, Isanti, Ramsey, Scott,

Sherburne, Washington, and Wright Counties, Minn.; Pierce and St. Croix

Counties, Wis.

Missouri

 Kansas City ................................................... MSA Johnson, Leavenworth, Miami, and Wyandotte Counties, Kan.; Cass, Clay,

Clinton, Jackson, Lafayette, Platte, and Ray Counties, Mo.

 St. Louis ......................................................... MSA1 Clinton, Jersey, Madison, Monroe, and St. Clair Counties, Ill.; St. Louis city

and Franklin, Jefferson, Lincoln, St. Charles, St. Louis, and Warren

Counties, Mo.

New Jersey

 Bergen-Passaic ............................................. PMSA Bergen and Passaic Counties

 Newark ........................................................... PMSA Essex, Morris, Sussex, Union, and Warren Counties

New York

 Buffalo-Niagara Falls ..................................... MSA Erie and Niagara Counties

 Nassau-Suffolk .............................................. PMSA Nassau and Suffolk Counties

 New York ........................................................ PMSA Bronx, Kings, New York, Putnam, Queens, Richmond, Rockland, and

 Westchester Counties

 Rochester ...................................................... MSA Genesee, Livingston, Monroe, Ontario, Orleans, and Wayne Counties

North Carolina

 Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill ......................... MSA Cabarrus, Gaston, Lincoln, Mecklenburg, Rowan, and Union Counties,

Table C-2. Geographic boundaries of metropolitan areas

 1 This is not the official OMB definition of the St. Louis

metropolitan statistical area. Excluded is the part of Sullivan

City in Crawford County, Missouri.

State and area Type of

area Definition
159

State and area Type of

area

Definition

Table C-2. Geographic boundaries of metropolitan areas

N.C.; York County, S.C.

Ohio

 Cincinnati ....................................................... PMSA Dearborn and Ohio Counties, Ind.; Boone, Campbell, Gallatin, Grant,

Kenton, and Pendleton Counties, Ky.; and Brown, Clermont, Hamilton, and

Warren Counties, Ohio

 Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria ................................. PMSA Ashtabula, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, and Medina Counties

 Columbus ....................................................... MSA Delaware, Fairfield, Franklin, Licking, Madison, and Pickaway Counties

 Dayton-Springfield ......................................... MSA Clark, Greene, Miami, and Montgomery Counties

Oklahoma

 Oklahoma City ............................................... MSA Canadian, Cleveland, Logan, McClain, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie

Counties

Oregon

 Portland-Vancouver ....................................... PMSA Clackamas, Columbia, Multnomah, Washington, and Yamhill Counties,

 Ore.; Clark County, Wash.

Pennsylvania

 Philadelphia ................................................... PMSA Burlington, Camden, Gloucester, and Salem Counties, N.J.; Bucks,

Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadephia Counties, Pa.

 Pittsburgh ..................................................... MSA Allegheny, Beaver, Butler, Fayette, Washington, and Westmoreland

Counties

Rhode Island

 Providence-Fall River-Warwick ..................... MSA Attleboro and Fall River cities and North Attleboro, Rehoboth, Seekonk,

Somerset, Swansea, and Westport towns in Bristol County, Mass.;

Barrington, Bristol, and Warren towns in Bristol County, R.I.; Warwick city

and Coventry, East Greenwich, West Greenwich, and West Warwick towns

in Kent County, R.I.; Jamestown, Little Compton, and Tiverton towns in

Newport County, R.I.; Central Falls, Cranston, East Providence,

Pawtucket, Providence, and Woonsocket cities, and Burrillville,

Cumberland, Foster, Glocester, Johnston, Lincoln, North Providence,

North Smithfield, Scituate, and Smithfield in Providence County, R.I.;

Charlestown, Exeter, Narragansett, North Kingstown, Richmond, and

South Kingstown towns in Washington County, R.I.

Tennessee

 Memphis ........................................................ MSA Crittenden County, Ark.; DeSoto County, Miss.; and Fayette, Shelby, and

Tipton Counties, Tenn.

Texas

 Dallas-Fort Worth .......................................... CMSA Collin, Dallas, Denton, Ellis, Henderson, Hood, Hunt, Johnson, Kaufman,

Parker, Rockwall, and Tarrant Counties

 Houston ......................................................... PMSA Chambers, Fort Bend, Harris, Liberty, Montgomery, and Waller Counties

 San Antonio ................................................... MSA Bexar, Comal, Guadalupe, and Wilson Counties

Utah

 Salt Lake City-Ogden .................................... MSA Davis, Salt Lake, and Weber Counties

Virginia

 Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .......... MSA Currituck County, N.C.; Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk,

Poquoson, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Virginia Beach, and Williamsburg cities

and Gloucester, Isle of Wight, James City, Mathews, and York Counties,

Va.

Washington

 Seattle-Bellevue-Everett ................................ PMSA Island, King, and Snohomish Counties

Wisconsin

 Milwaukee-Waukesha.................................... PMSA Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Washington, and Waukesha Counties