An official website of the United States government 
	  
	Here is how you know
 Department of Labor Logo  United States Department of Labor
 **The .gov means it's official.**
			 Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information,
			make sure you're on a federal government site.
 **The site is secure.**
			 The
			**https://** ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any
			information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.


U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
 Follow Us
 
 Release Calendar Blog
 Search button
          Search:


Menu

  Search button
          Search:
	
	  Follow Us Follow Us on X, formerly referred to as Twitter| Release Calendar | Blog
    Home
        About BLS
		History	
		Our Leadership
		Budget and Performance		
		Questions and Answers	
		A-Z Index	
		Glossary	
		Careers at BLS	
		BLS Speakers Available
		Errata  				
		Contact BLSOverview of BLS Statistics
		Guide to Programs & Services
		Demographics
		Industries
		Business Costs
		Occupations
		GeographyResources For
		Business Leaders
		Consumers
		Developers
		Economists
		Investors
		Jobseekers
		Media
		Public Policymakers
		Researcher		
		Students & Teachers
		Survey Respondents
    Subjects
        Inflation & Prices
		Consumer Price Index
		Producer Price Indexes
		Import/Export Price Indexes
		Contract Escalation
		Price Index Research
		Pay & Benefits
		Employment Cost Index
		Employer Costs for Employee Compensation
						Wage Data by Occupation
		Earnings by Demographics
		Earnings by Industry
		County Wages  
		Benefits
		Modeled Wage Estimates		
		Compensation Research
		Strikes & Lockouts
		Wage Records from Unemployment Insurance
		Occupational RequirementsUnemployment
		National Unemployment Rate
		State & Local Unemployment Rates
		Unemployment Research
		Employment
		National Employment
		State & Local Employment
		County Employment 
		Worker Characteristics
		American Indian Report
		Employment Projections
		Job Openings & Labor Turnover Survey
		Business Response Survey
		Employment by Occupation
		Work Experience Over Time
		Business Employment Dynamics
		Foreign Direct Investment
		Employment Research
		Workplace InjuriesProductivity
		Labor and Total Factor Productivity
		Productivity Research
		Spending & Time Use
		Consumer Expenditures
		How Americans Spend Time			
		International
		International Technical Cooperation
		Import/Export Price Indexes
		Geographic Information
		Northeast (Boston-New York)
		Mid-Atlantic (Philadelphia)
		Southeast (Atlanta)
		Midwest (Chicago)
		Southwest (Dallas)
		Mountain-Plains (Kansas City)
		West (San Francisco)
    Data Tools
        Data Retrieval Tools
		BLS Popular Series
		Series Report
		Top Picks, One Screen, Multi-Screen, and Maps
		Data Finder
		Public Data APICharts and Applications
		Charts for Economic News Releases	
		CPI Inflation Calculator	
		Injury and Illness Calculator		
		Pay Measure Comparison
		Demographic Data Sources
		COVID-19 Economic Trends
		Industry Productivity Viewer
		Employment and Wages Data Viewer
		Industry Finder from the Quarterly Census of Employment and WagesCustomized Tables
		U.S. Economy at a Glance
		Regions, States & Areas at a Glance
		Industry at a Glance			
		Text Files
		News Release Tables
		
		More Sources of Data
		Restricted Data Access
		Discontinued Databases
		Questions & Answers
		Special Notices
    Publications
        Latest Publications
		The Economics Daily
		Monthly Labor Review
		Beyond the Numbers
		Spotlight on Statistics
		Reports
		Commissioner's Corner
		Videos
		Career OutlookOccupational Outlook Handbook
		Geographic Profile
		Handbook of Methods
		Research Papers
		Copyright Information
		Contact & Help
		Weekly Update
    Economic Releases
        Latest Releases
		Major Economic Indicators
		Schedules for news Releases
		By Month
		By News Release
		Current Year
		Prior Years
		Archived News ReleasesEmployment & Unemployment
		Monthly
		Quarterly, annual, and other
		Inflation & Prices
		Pay & Benefits & Workplace Injuries
		Productivity & Technology
		Employment Projections
		Regional News Releases
    Classroom
        K-12 Student & Teacher Resources		
        Games & Quizzes
		Student's Desk
		Teacher's Desk
		Questions & Answers
    Beta
        Redesigned News Releases


home
                  archive
                  about BLS reports
				  subscribe



August 2018 
                    Report 1075

				 
			


		
		

		
		

		
		


		
		
	

		
		
	

		
		
	

		
		
	

		
		
	

		
		
	

		
		
	

		
		
	























































																											



				 
                
                BLS Reports Menu
                    CONTENTS
                        Earnings of full-time workers
Earnings by age groupEarnings by race and ethnicityEarnings by educational attainmentOccupational distributions of women and menEarnings for those with and without children under 18Earnings by state of residenceWeekly work hours of full-time workers
Earnings of part-time workers
Earnings of workers paid by the hour
 
                          Statistical Tables 
						  Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers...Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers...Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers...Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers...Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours...Table 6. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual...Table 7. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers...Table 8. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly...Table 9. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by...Table 10. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or...Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or...Table 12. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for full-time...Table 13. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic...Table 14. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by educational...Table 15. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for wage and...Table 16. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic...Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for...Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and...Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational...Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and...Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic...Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary...Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary...Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary...Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly...Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly...
                          Technical Notes
                  Subscribe to BLS Reports
		
		 
		
 
				
				
     Highlights of women's earnings in 2017
Highlights of women's earnings in 2017 imageIn 2017, women who were full-time wage and salary workers had median usual weekly earnings that were 82 percent of those of male full-time wage and salary workers. In 1979, the first year for which comparable earnings data are available, women’s earnings were 62 percent of men’s. Most of the growth in women’s earnings relative to men’s occurred in the 1980s and 1990s. Since 2004, the women’s-to-men’s earnings ratio has remained in the 80 to 83 percent range. (See chart 1 andtables 1 and 12.)This report presents earnings data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a national monthly sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The weekly and hourly earnings estimates in this report reflect information collected from one-fourth of the households in the monthly survey and averaged for the calendar year. The data in this report are distinct from the annual earnings estimates for full-time, year-round workers collected separately in the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) to the CPS and published by the U.S. Census Bureau. (See the BLS website for an explanation of the differences in these datasets.)The earnings comparisons in this report are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that can be important in explaining earnings differences, such as job skills and responsibilities, work experience, and specialization. The earnings estimates referenced throughout this report are medians. The median is the mid-point in the earnings distribution, with half of workers having earnings above the median level and half having earnings below.See the accompanying technical notes section for more information, including a description of the source of the data and an explanation of the concepts and definitions used in this report.View Chart DataChart 1. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2017 annual averagesYearPercentage197962.3198064.2198164.4198265.7198366.5198467.6198568.1198669.5198769.8198870.2198970.1199071.9199174.2199275.8199377.1199476.4199575.5199675.0199774.4199876.3199976.5200076.9200176.4200277.9200379.4200480.4200581.0200680.8200780.2200879.9200980.2201081.2201182.2201280.9201382.1201482.5201581.1201681.9201781.8Note: Percentages are calculated from annual averages of median usual weekly earnings for full-time wage and salary workers.Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.Earnings of full-time workersBelow are data highlights for women and men who usually work full time (35 hours or more per week) in wage and salary jobs, with sections focusing on characteristics such as age, race and ethnicity, education, occupation, and more.Earnings by age groupIn 2017, median weekly earnings were $770 for all women age 16 and older. For men age 16 and older, median weekly earnings were $941. Women’s median weekly earnings were highest for those between the ages of 35 and 64, with essentially no difference in the earnings of 35- to 44-year-olds ($860), 45- to 54-year-olds ($855), and 55- to 64-year-olds ($856). For men, earnings were highest for 45- to 54-year-olds ($1,103) and 55- to 64-year-olds ($1,098). Young women and men age 16 to 24 had the lowest earnings ($499 and $547, respectively). (See chart 2 and table 1.)View Chart DataChart 2. Median usual weekly earnings of women and men who are full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 2017 annual averagesAgeWomenMen16 to 2449954725 to 3472482135 to 448601,06245 to 548551,10355 to 648561,09865 and older7821,016Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.In 2017, women’s earnings ranged from 77 to 81 percent of men’s among workers age 35 and older. For those under age 35, the earnings differences between women and men were smaller, with women earning 88 to 91 percent of what men did. (See table 1.)Women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios have grown substantially for most age groups since 1979. For young workers ages 16 to 24, the gains occurred primarily in the 1980s. For workers ages 25 to 64, the gains continued into the 2000s, but have tapered off in recent years. (See table 12.)Earnings by race and ethnicityAsian women and men earned more than their White, Black, and Hispanic counterparts in 2017. Among women, Whites ($795) earned 88 percent as much as Asians ($903); Blacks ($657) earned 73 percent; and Hispanics ($603) earned 67 percent. Among men, these earnings differences were even larger: White men ($971) earned 80 percent as much as Asian men ($1,207); Black men ($710) earned 59 percent as much; and Hispanic men ($690), 57 percent. (See chart 3 and table 1.)View Chart DataChart 3. Median usual weekly earnings of women and men who are full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2017 annual averagesRace and Hispanic or Latino EthnicityWomenMenTotal770941White795971Black or African American657710Asian9031,207Hispanic or Latino ethnicity603690Note: People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race. Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include Hispanics.Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.Earnings differences between women and men were largest among Asians and among Whites. Asian women earned 75 percent as much as Asian men in 2017, and White women earned 82 percent as much as their male counterparts. In comparison, Black women had median earnings that were 93 percent of Black men’s, and Hispanic women’s earnings were 87 percent of Hispanic men’s. (See table 1.)Women’s earnings have increased considerably among the major race and Hispanic ethnicity groups since 1979 (the first year for which comparable data for Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics are available), with White women experiencing the greatest earnings growth. From 1979 to 2017, inflation-adjusted median weekly earnings (also called constant-dollar earnings) increased by 37 percent for White women, by 23 percent for Black women, and by 22 percent for Hispanic women. For White and Black women, gains tapered off around 2004. Since that time, White and Black women have seen little to no net growth in earnings. Hispanic women’s earnings, on the other hand, have remained on an upward trend, although substantial earnings growth for them did not begin until the late 1990s. (See table 18.)The long-term trend in men’s earnings has been quite different than that for women. Inflation-adjusted earnings for White and Black men trended down from 1979 through the first part of the 1990s, followed by a period of growth that stalled in the early 2000s. For Hispanic men, earnings also declined through the mid-1990s, then began to trend up. Over the full period, 1979 through 2017, inflation-adjusted earnings for White, Black, and Hispanic men have shown little to no change on net. (See table 18.)Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. Between 2000 and 2017, inflation-adjusted earnings grew by 16 percent for Asian women and by 24 percent for Asian men. (See table 18.)Earnings by educational attainmentMedian weekly earnings vary significantly by educational attainment. Among all workers age 25 and older, the weekly earnings of those without a high school diploma ($520) were 41 percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher ($1,279) in 2017. For workers with a high school diploma who had not attended college, median earnings ($712) were 56 percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher. Those with some college or an associate’s degree (median weekly earnings of $798) made 62 percent of what workers with a bachelor’s degree or more made. (See table 1.)In each educational attainment category, the long-term trend in inflation-adjusted earnings has been more favorable for women than for men. Although both women and men without a high school diploma have experienced declines in inflation-adjusted earnings since 1979, the drop for women was much smaller than that for men: a 7-percent decrease for women, compared with a 27-percent decline for men. On an inflation-adjusted basis, earnings for women with a bachelor’s degree or higher have increased by 36 percent since 1979. Earnings for men with a bachelor’s degree or higher have risen by 19 percent. (Data refer to workers age 25 and older.) (See chart 4 and table 19.)View Chart DataChart 4. Percentage change in inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings of women and men, by educational attainment, 1979–2017YearLess than a high school diplomaHigh school graduates, no collegeSome college or associate's degreeBachelor's degree and higherWomen-75536Men-27-18-1219Note: Data relate to earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, age 25 and older.Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.Earnings by occupationWomen and men working full time in management, business, and financial operations occupations had higher median weekly earnings than workers in any other major occupational category in 2017 ($1,134 for women and $1,526 for men). Within this category, women and men who were chief executives had the highest median weekly earnings in 2017 ($1,920 and $2,415, respectively). (See table 2.)The second-highest paying occupational category for women and men was professional and related occupations ($1,014 for women and $1,391 for men). This is a broad occupational category made up of several distinct job groupings for specialized fields such as computer science and math, architecture and engineering, law, education, and healthcare. Within this diverse category, women who were pharmacists ($1,834), nurse practitioners ($1,832), and physicians and surgeons ($1,759) had the highest earnings in 2017. For men, those who were physicians and surgeons ($2,277), pharmacists ($2,228), and lawyers ($2,105) earned the most. (See table 2.)Occupational distributions of women and menThe occupational distributions of female and male full-time workers differ considerably. Compared with men, relatively few women work in construction, production, or transportation occupations, and women are far more concentrated in office and administrative support jobs. (See chart 5 and table 2.)View Chart DataChart 5. Distribution of full-time wage and salary employment for women and men, by major occupational group, 2017 annual averagesOccupationWomenMenManagement, business, and financial operations occupations17.916.5Professional and related occupations30.619.7Service occupations16.012.7Sales and related occupations8.78.9Office and administrative support occupations19.66.2Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations1.017.5Production, transportation, and material moving occupations6.218.6Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey.Women also are more likely than men to work in professional and related occupations. In 2017, 31 percent of women worked in professional and related occupations, compared with 20 percent of men. Within the professional category, though, the proportion of women employed in the higher paying jobs is much smaller than the proportion of men employed in them. In 2017, 10 percent of women in professional and related occupations were employed in the relatively high-paying computer (median weekly earnings of $1,235 for women and $1,552 for men) and engineering ($1,307 for women and $1,518 for men) fields, compared with 46 percent of men. Women were more likely to work in education ($935 for women and $1,202 for men) and healthcare ($1,068 for women and $1,341 for men) jobs, which generally pay less than computer and engineering jobs. Sixty-seven percent of women in professional occupations worked in education and healthcare jobs in 2017, compared with 30 percent of men. (See table 2.)Across all occupational categories, the three most common jobs for women were registered nurse ($1,143), elementary and middle school teacher ($987), and secretary or administrative assistant ($735). Each of these occupations employed more than 2 million women in 2017, collectively representing 13 percent of women in full-time wage and salary jobs.Among men, the most common job by far was truck driver (driver/sales workers and truck drivers, $807). In 2017, 2.7 million, or 4 percent, of all male full-wage and salary workers were truck drivers. Although engineering jobs are shown separately by specialty (civil, mechanical, etc.) in this report, if combined, engineer would be the second most common job for men. In 2017, a total of 1.9 million men were employed full time in the 16 designated engineering specialties (median weekly earnings ranging from $1,520 to $1,891). Another 1.8 million men worked as miscellaneous managers (managers, all other, $1,629), the third most common job for men. (See table 2.)Earnings for those with and without children under 18In 2017, a little more than one-third of full-time wage and salary workers were parents of children under age 18. (As defined here, “children” includes sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children under age 18 who live in the household.) Median weekly earnings for mothers of children under age 18 ($777) were little different from the earnings for women without children under 18 ($767). Earnings for fathers of children under 18 were $1,059, compared with $887 for men without children under 18. (See table 7.)Earnings by state of residenceMedian weekly earnings and women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios vary by state of residence. (In this report, “state” refers to the 50 states and the District of Columbia.) The differences among the states reflect, in part, variation in the occupations and industries found in each state and differences in the demographic composition of each state’s labor force. Readers should note that sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national estimates. (See the technical notes section for an explanation of sampling error.) Consequently, earnings comparisons between states should be made with caution. Readers also should note that the state estimates are based on workers’ state of residence; their reported earnings are not necessarily from a job located in the same state. (See table 3.)Weekly work hours of full-time workersAmong full-time workers (that is, those usually working at a job 35 hours or more per week), men are more likely than women to work more than 40 hours per week. In 2017, 25 percent of men who usually work full time worked 41 or more hours per week, compared with 14 percent of women. Women were more likely than men to work 35 to 39 hours per week: 11 percent of women worked such hours in 2017, while 4 percent of men did. A majority of both male and female full-time workers had a 40-hour workweek. Among these workers, women earned 88 percent as much as men. (This analysis excludes people who usually work 35 or more hours per week but whose hours vary.) (See table 5.)Earnings of part-time workersWomen are more likely than men to work part time—that is, less than 35 hours per week on a sole or main job. Women who worked part time made up 24 percent of all female wage and salary workers in 2017. In comparison, 12 percent of men in wage and salary jobs worked part time. (See tables 4 and 5.)Median weekly earnings for female part-timers were $265 in 2017, slightly higher than the $250 median for men. (See table 4.)Part-time workers are more likely to be under age 25 than full-time workers. Among part-timers, 30 percent of women and 44 percent of men were under age 25 in 2017. Among full-time workers, 9 percent of women and 9 percent of men were under age 25. (See tables 1 and 4.)Earnings of workers paid by the hourIn 2017, 61 percent of women and 56 percent of men in wage and salary jobs were paid by the hour. Women who were paid hourly rates had median hourly earnings of $13.56 in 2017, which were 89 percent of the $15.20 median for men. (See tables 8 and 11.)Among workers who were paid hourly rates in 2017, 3 percent of women and 2 percent of men had hourly earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage of $7.25. (See tables 10 and 11.) See the technical notes section for information about BLS estimates of the number of minimum wage workers.		
	
	 
	 Statistical Tables
        
                                                                                                                                                                                                                


Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics, 2017 annual averages
Characteristic
Total
Women
Men
Women'searningsas apercentageof men'sNumberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianweeklyearnings
Standarderrorofmedian
Numberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianweeklyearnings
Standarderrorofmedian
Numberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianweeklyearnings
StandarderrorofmedianAgeTotal, 16 years and older
113,272
$860
$2
50,291
$770
$3
62,980
$941
$4
81.816 to 24 years
10,281
519
2
4,490
499
3
5,791
547
5
91.216 to 19 years
1,359
424
5
566
402
5
793
459
10
87.620 to 24 years
8,922
540
4
3,924
514
3
4,998
570
5
90.225 years and older
102,991
907
2
45,801
810
3
57,190
996
3
81.325 to 34 years
28,196
773
3
12,381
724
4
15,815
821
5
88.235 to 44 years
25,662
964
5
11,173
860
6
14,488
1,062
8
81.045 to 54 years
25,650
977
5
11,609
855
7
14,041
1,103
9
77.555 to 64 years
19,157
974
6
8,756
856
7
10,401
1,098
13
78.065 years and older
4,327
909
12
1,882
782
15
2,445
1,016
18
77.0Race and Hispanic orLatino EthnicityWhite
87,730
890
2
37,727
795
3
50,003
971
4
81.9Black or African American
14,521
682
4
7,593
657
5
6,928
710
6
92.5Asian
7,320
1,043
16
3,306
903
15
4,014
1,207
23
74.8Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
19,615
655
4
7,719
603
4
11,896
690
4
87.4Marital StatusNever married
33,425
684
3
14,838
649
4
18,587
711
4
91.3Married, spouse present(1)
61,943
986
3
25,364
862
4
36,579
1,098
6
78.5Widowed, divorced, or separated(2)
17,904
819
5
10,090
759
5
7,814
909
8
83.5Widowed
1,834
797
14
1,336
763
14
498
910
32
83.8Divorced
11,792
864
7
6,653
802
8
5,140
945
10
84.9Separated(2)
4,277
721
8
2,101
639
11
2,176
819
18
78.0Union Affiliation(3)Members of unions(4)
13,396
1,041
7
5,701
970
9
7,695
1,102
10
88.0Represented by unions(5)
14,812
1,028
6
6,419
954
9
8,393
1,094
9
87.2Not represented by a union
98,460
829
3
43,873
746
3
54,587
914
3
81.6Educational AttainmentTotal, 25 years and older
102,991
907
2
45,801
810
3
57,190
996
3
81.3Less than a high school diploma
7,038
520
3
2,257
447
5
4,781
584
4
76.5High school graduates, no college
26,011
712
3
10,031
610
3
15,980
797
4
76.5Some college or associate degree
27,387
798
4
12,846
700
3
14,541
917
5
76.3Bachelor's degree and higher
42,555
1,279
7
20,668
1,131
5
21,887
1,481
9
76.4Footnotes (1) Refers to people in opposite-sex married couples only.(2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent.(3) Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, industry, and geographic region.(4) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.(5) Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Occupation
Total
Women
Men
Women'searningsas apercentageof men'sNumber of workers
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of median
Number of workers
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of medianTotal, full-time wage and salary workers
113,272
$860
$2
50,291
$770
$3
62,980
$941
$4
81.8Management, professional, and related occupations
47,207
1,224
5
24,393
1,052
5
22,815
1,442
6
73.0Management, business, and financial operations occupations
19,414
1,327
9
8,999
1,134
7
10,415
1,526
12
74.3Management occupations
13,169
1,392
11
5,600
1,173
12
7,568
1,573
15
74.6Chief executives
1,136
2,296
29
313
1,920
80
823
2,415
89
79.5General and operations managers
920
1,328
38
321
1,134
31
598
1,488
49
76.2Legislators
14
-
-
9
-
-
5
-
-
-Advertising and promotions managers
53
1,330
303
29
-
-
24
-
-
-Marketing and sales managers
994
1,509
47
428
1,288
68
566
1,747
42
73.7Public relations and fundraising managers
71
1,318
87
47
-
-
24
-
-
-Administrative services managers
147
1,233
68
57
1,013
35
89
1,629
59
62.2Computer and information systems managers
594
1,843
87
165
1,629
104
428
1,897
19
85.9Financial managers
1,111
1,412
50
611
1,222
51
500
1,719
80
71.1Compensation and benefits managers
16
-
-
11
-
-
5
-
-
-Human resources managers
304
1,448
68
211
1,280
58
92
1,748
48
73.2Training and development managers
58
1,396
181
35
-
-
23
-
-
-Industrial production managers
265
1,486
59
63
1,312
146
202
1,526
60
86.0Purchasing managers
194
1,271
123
104
1,138
36
90
1,420
202
80.1Transportation, storage, and distribution managers
274
1,039
54
49
-
-
225
1,061
57
-Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers
121
1,001
60
21
-
-
100
963
146
-Construction managers
582
1,428
30
56
1,243
91
526
1,439
27
86.4Education administrators
801
1,367
32
497
1,243
27
304
1,561
43
79.6Architectural and engineering managers
128
1,999
56
10
-
-
119
2,020
98
-Food service managers
816
753
23
394
674
20
421
894
34
75.4Funeral service managers
9
-
-
5
-
-
4
-
-
-Gaming managers
23
-
-
6
-
-
17
-
-
-Lodging managers
116
882
136
62
844
42
54
982
39
85.9Medical and health services managers
610
1,319
49
433
1,177
45
177
1,490
57
79.0Natural sciences managers
17
-
-
7
-
-
10
-
-
-Postmasters and mail superintendents
23
-
-
10
-
-
13
-
-
-Property, real estate, and community association managers
421
957
34
241
873
29
181
1,163
114
75.1Social and community service managers
337
1,136
23
236
1,052
32
101
1,281
137
82.1Emergency management directors
10
-
-
7
-
-
4
-
-
-Managers, all other
3,004
1,488
24
1,163
1,251
22
1,841
1,629
33
76.8Business and financial operations occupations
6,245
1,174
13
3,398
1,055
13
2,847
1,390
19
75.9Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes
23
-
-
15
-
-
8
-
-
-Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products
10
-
-
4
-
-
6
-
-
-Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products
154
886
40
87
888
43
67
882
167
100.7Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products
240
1,132
44
96
1,085
119
143
1,144
42
94.8Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators
346
1,002
22
218
925
41
128
1,108
44
83.5Compliance officers
240
1,391
56
134
1,296
128
106
1,501
65
86.3Cost estimators
113
1,139
26
13
-
-
100
1,157
25
-Human resources workers
664
1,086
37
482
1,035
39
182
1,236
99
83.7Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists
60
1,042
93
39
-
-
21
-
-
-Training and development specialists
114
1,099
127
55
937
104
59
1,255
42
74.7Logisticians
101
1,230
55
33
-
-
67
1,358
307
-Management analysts
606
1,499
51
255
1,315
68
351
1,651
110
79.6Meeting, convention, and event planners
102
1,080
106
89
1,064
58
14
-
-
-Fundraisers
72
1,152
31
55
1,152
34
17
-
-
-Market research analysts and marketing specialists
258
1,174
108
149
1,061
66
110
1,357
55
78.2Business operations specialists, all other
250
1,136
38
132
1,013
47
118
1,361
111
74.4Accountants and auditors
1,512
1,173
24
890
1,065
24
622
1,389
31
76.7Appraisers and assessors of real estate
55
1,074
64
20
-
-
35
-
-
-Budget analysts
54
1,377
104
26
-
-
29
-
-
-Credit analysts
27
-
-
15
-
-
13
-
-
-Financial analysts
264
1,530
49
108
1,369
187
156
1,590
64
86.1Personal financial advisors
398
1,425
56
131
979
39
267
1,662
108
58.9Insurance underwriters
92
1,153
45
57
1,115
59
35
-
-
-Financial examiners
15
-
-
7
-
-
8
-
-
-Credit counselors and loan officers
320
1,070
74
193
958
36
127
1,332
205
71.9Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents
62
1,078
137
33
-
-
28
-
-
-Tax preparers
56
791
60
39
-
-
18
-
-
-Financial specialists, all other
36
-
-
24
-
-
11
-
-
-Professional and related occupations
27,794
1,160
4
15,394
1,014
5
12,400
1,391
9
72.9Computer and mathematical occupations
4,350
1,465
15
1,110
1,235
23
3,240
1,552
16
79.6Computer and information research scientists
23
-
-
9
-
-
13
-
-
-Computer systems analysts
522
1,409
35
211
1,270
73
311
1,495
29
84.9Information security analysts
94
1,725
254
20
-
-
74
1,773
661
-Computer programmers
423
1,483
72
89
1,363
56
333
1,539
49
88.6Software developers, applications and systems software
1,439
1,792
41
265
1,543
62
1,174
1,863
22
82.8Web developers
144
1,235
71
46
-
-
98
1,342
425
-Computer support specialists
443
1,068
41
124
919
49
319
1,134
29
81.0Database administrators
93
1,381
173
37
-
-
56
1,745
137
-Network and computer systems administrators
193
1,395
44
38
-
-
155
1,396
52
-Computer network architects
100
1,636
78
3
-
-
97
1,659
77
-Computer occupations, all other
627
1,194
26
142
1,059
88
484
1,250
32
84.7Actuaries
23
-
-
7
-
-
16
-
-
-Mathematicians
2
-
-
0
-
-
2
-
-
-Operations research analysts
146
1,396
70
74
1,205
61
71
1,570
61
76.8Statisticians
77
1,433
34
41
-
-
36
-
-
-Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations
2
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
-Architecture and engineering occupations
2,936
1,478
19
442
1,307
54
2,494
1,518
20
86.1Architects, except naval
196
1,453
91
46
-
-
150
1,650
81
-Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists
30
-
-
5
-
-
25
-
-
-Aerospace engineers
137
1,892
69
9
-
-
128
1,891
66
-Agricultural engineers
3
-
-
0
-
-
3
-
-
-Biomedical engineers
16
-
-
4
-
-
11
-
-
-Chemical engineers
78
1,626
119
12
-
-
66
1,631
487
-Civil engineers
393
1,494
55
61
1,343
98
332
1,524
43
88.1Computer hardware engineers
73
1,771
130
13
-
-
60
1,793
169
-Electrical and electronics engineers
276
1,803
99
30
-
-
245
1,772
123
-Environmental engineers
32
-
-
11
-
-
21
-
-
-Industrial engineers, including health and safety
213
1,496
71
46
-
-
168
1,520
82
-Marine engineers and naval architects
7
-
-
0
-
-
7
-
-
-Materials engineers
32
-
-
5
-
-
28
-
-
-Mechanical engineers
337
1,534
41
26
-
-
311
1,533
40
-Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers
12
-
-
1
-
-
10
-
-
-Nuclear engineers
7
-
-
0
-
-
7
-
-
-Petroleum engineers
23
-
-
6
-
-
17
-
-
-Engineers, all other
546
1,561
26
73
1,436
122
473
1,571
35
91.4Drafters
122
1,126
51
21
-
-
100
1,149
60
-Engineering technicians, except drafters
339
1,053
52
70
884
51
269
1,102
37
80.2Surveying and mapping technicians
63
1,109
38
2
-
-
61
1,114
37
-Life, physical, and social science occupations
1,238
1,286
51
564
1,183
39
674
1,361
30
86.9Agricultural and food scientists
25
-
-
10
-
-
14
-
-
-Biological scientists
82
1,140
63
41
-
-
41
-
-
-Conservation scientists and foresters
26
-
-
11
-
-
15
-
-
-Medical scientists
162
1,378
54
80
1,270
373
82
1,383
43
91.8Life scientists, all other
4
-
-
3
-
-
1
-
-
-Astronomers and physicists
16
-
-
1
-
-
15
-
-
-Atmospheric and space scientists
6
-
-
2
-
-
4
-
-
-Chemists and materials scientists
98
1,425
50
41
-
-
56
1,451
45
-Environmental scientists and geoscientists
80
1,639
260
30
-
-
51
1,746
62
-Physical scientists, all other
270
1,529
73
122
1,409
58
147
1,565
59
90.0Economists
29
-
-
12
-
-
18
-
-
-Survey researchers
2
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
-Psychologists
106
1,454
64
71
1,437
50
35
-
-
-Sociologists
2
-
-
0
-
-
2
-
-
-Urban and regional planners
34
-
-
16
-
-
18
-
-
-Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers
27
-
-
9
-
-
18
-
-
-Agricultural and food science technicians
30
-
-
10
-
-
20
-
-
-Biological technicians
23
-
-
15
-
-
8
-
-
-Chemical technicians
62
1,013
28
16
-
-
45
-
-
-Geological and petroleum technicians
13
-
-
4
-
-
9
-
-
-Nuclear technicians
6
-
-
2
-
-
4
-
-
-Social science research assistants
4
-
-
4
-
-
0
-
-
-Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians
132
826
43
63
766
58
70
970
42
79.0Community and social service occupations
2,165
900
14
1,418
857
13
747
976
28
87.8Counselors
650
897
20
472
894
28
178
901
25
99.2Social workers
714
906
26
591
900
27
122
935
48
96.3Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists
90
881
89
55
858
42
36
-
-
-Social and human service assistants
189
739
34
141
701
33
48
-
-
-Miscellaneous community and social service specialists, including health educators and community health workers
68
829
38
51
791
54
17
-
-
-Clergy
342
1,058
29
46
-
-
297
1,073
97
-Directors, religious activities and education
61
844
55
25
-
-
36
-
-
-Religious workers, all other
50
831
158
37
-
-
13
-
-
-Legal occupations
1,379
1,443
25
811
1,192
46
568
1,896
23
62.9Lawyers
781
1,901
17
337
1,753
26
444
2,105
42
83.3Judicial law clerks
13
-
-
6
-
-
7
-
-
-Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers
59
1,742
343
17
-
-
42
-
-
-Paralegals and legal assistants
370
945
25
321
934
28
49
-
-
-Miscellaneous legal support workers
156
957
45
130
904
65
26
-
-
-Education, training, and library occupations
6,978
1,002
8
5,039
935
8
1,939
1,202
24
77.8Postsecondary teachers
985
1,312
55
434
1,208
28
551
1,414
38
85.4Preschool and kindergarten teachers
530
657
24
518
654
24
12
-
-
-Elementary and middle school teachers
2,838
1,023
11
2,224
987
12
614
1,139
18
86.7Secondary school teachers
917
1,139
19
524
1,091
31
392
1,226
34
89.0Special education teachers
386
1,024
29
332
1,017
33
54
1,051
57
96.8Other teachers and instructors
419
897
34
265
820
29
155
1,128
151
72.7Archivists, curators, and museum technicians
42
-
-
24
-
-
18
-
-
-Librarians
135
1,009
43
104
972
47
31
-
-
-Library technicians
16
-
-
14
-
-
2
-
-
-Teacher assistants
590
550
16
523
537
18
67
642
107
83.6Other education, training, and library workers
120
1,049
73
77
956
66
44
-
-
-Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations
1,778
1,066
24
765
943
18
1,013
1,161
15
81.2Artists and related workers
70
1,209
174
27
-
-
43
-
-
-Designers
600
1,012
31
273
857
20
327
1,172
49
73.1Actors
17
-
-
6
-
-
11
-
-
-Producers and directors
131
1,489
57
43
-
-
89
1,708
97
-Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers
149
898
43
45
-
-
104
1,031
101
-Dancers and choreographers
9
-
-
5
-
-
4
-
-
-Musicians, singers, and related workers
41
-
-
12
-
-
29
-
-
-Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other
24
-
-
13
-
-
10
-
-
-Announcers
24
-
-
7
-
-
18
-
-
-News analysts, reporters and correspondents
72
945
78
42
-
-
30
-
-
-Public relations specialists
92
1,339
39
57
1,203
103
35
-
-
-Editors
124
1,084
59
68
992
169
56
1,123
53
88.3Technical writers
67
1,222
86
37
-
-
30
-
-
-Writers and authors
106
1,137
27
57
1,045
52
50
1,171
35
89.2Miscellaneous media and communication workers
53
809
85
28
-
-
25
-
-
-Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators
81
1,150
44
10
-
-
71
1,160
41
-Photographers
66
931
80
25
-
-
40
-
-
-Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors
46
-
-
8
-
-
38
-
-
-Media and communication equipment workers, all other
5
-
-
2
-
-
3
-
-
-Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
6,970
1,124
8
5,246
1,068
10
1,724
1,341
21
79.6Chiropractors
11
-
-
2
-
-
9
-
-
-Dentists
41
-
-
25
-
-
16
-
-
-Dietitians and nutritionists
88
991
46
80
996
42
8
-
-
-Optometrists
19
-
-
13
-
-
6
-
-
-Pharmacists
254
1,923
123
147
1,834
177
107
2,228
217
82.3Physicians and surgeons
815
1,918
86
352
1,759
204
463
2,277
82
77.3Physician assistants
97
1,747
62
66
1,640
71
31
-
-
-Podiatrists
7
-
-
4
-
-
3
-
-
-Audiologists
13
-
-
12
-
-
1
-
-
-Occupational therapists
74
1,301
89
62
1,273
107
12
-
-
-Physical therapists
182
1,317
51
118
1,297
64
64
1,341
49
96.7Radiation therapists
11
-
-
8
-
-
3
-
-
-Recreational therapists
5
-
-
3
-
-
1
-
-
-Respiratory therapists
83
961
28
56
904
27
27
-
-
-Speech-language pathologists
106
1,213
51
102
1,214
48
4
-
-
-Exercise physiologists
5
-
-
3
-
-
1
-
-
-Therapists, all other
142
983
34
114
947
39
29
-
-
-Veterinarians
60
1,840
88
40
-
-
20
-
-
-Registered nurses
2,536
1,150
10
2,253
1,143
9
283
1,260
69
90.7Nurse anesthetists
30
-
-
17
-
-
13
-
-
-Nurse midwives
5
-
-
5
-
-
0
-
-
-Nurse practitioners
141
1,841
57
129
1,832
59
12
-
-
-Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other
15
-
-
12
-
-
3
-
-
-Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians
297
890
38
203
845
38
94
1,061
77
79.6Dental hygienists
78
1,033
58
73
1,028
84
5
-
-
-Diagnostic related technologists and technicians
271
1,162
44
186
1,041
50
85
1,404
56
74.1Emergency medical technicians and paramedics
203
984
50
58
733
68
145
1,119
77
65.5Health practitioner support technologists and technicians
469
710
17
371
678
17
98
858
25
79.0Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses
501
815
23
438
814
25
62
817
50
99.6Medical records and health information technicians
151
763
27
140
761
29
11
-
-
-Opticians, dispensing
43
-
-
30
-
-
13
-
-
-Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians
143
811
33
95
746
46
48
-
-
-Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
77
1,183
70
28
-
-
49
-
-
-Service occupations
16,044
544
4
8,059
501
2
7,985
608
4
82.4Healthcare support occupations
2,500
542
7
2,180
533
7
320
597
19
89.3Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides
1,387
500
5
1,223
493
5
164
583
21
84.6Occupational therapy assistants and aides
13
-
-
11
-
-
1
-
-
-Physical therapist assistants and aides
47
-
-
33
-
-
15
-
-
-Massage therapists
51
632
34
36
-
-
15
-
-
-Dental assistants
215
608
13
203
602
12
12
-
-
-Medical assistants
457
594
12
418
597
11
39
-
-
-Medical transcriptionists
21
-
-
18
-
-
3
-
-
-Pharmacy aides
25
-
-
14
-
-
11
-
-
-Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers
37
-
-
33
-
-
4
-
-
-Phlebotomists
97
635
11
82
639
11
16
-
-
-Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations, including medical equipment preparers
150
587
30
110
603
32
40
-
-
-Protective service occupations
2,739
852
16
535
690
26
2,204
894
15
77.2First-line supervisors of correctional officers
50
899
94
12
-
-
38
-
-
-First-line supervisors of police and detectives
94
1,348
78
13
-
-
81
1,347
72
-First-line supervisors of fire fighting and prevention workers
43
-
-
2
-
-
42
-
-
-First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other
69
953
59
11
-
-
58
938
54
-Firefighters
272
1,123
45
8
-
-
264
1,136
53
-Fire inspectors
22
-
-
0
-
-
22
-
-
-Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers
390
771
22
106
669
22
284
825
46
81.1Detectives and criminal investigators
142
1,256
46
32
-
-
110
1,291
91
-Fish and game wardens
5
-
-
0
-
-
5
-
-
-Parking enforcement workers
4
-
-
2
-
-
2
-
-
-Police and sheriff's patrol officers
688
1,015
31
94
985
42
595
1,024
44
96.2Transit and railroad police
6
-
-
2
-
-
4
-
-
-Animal control workers
12
-
-
4
-
-
8
-
-
-Private detectives and investigators
86
963
61
44
-
-
42
-
-
-Security guards and gaming surveillance officers
740
596
12
170
548
25
570
616
16
89.0Crossing guards
23
-
-
6
-
-
17
-
-
-Transportation security screeners
43
-
-
11
-
-
32
-
-
-Lifeguards and other recreational, and all other protective service workers
49
-
-
19
-
-
30
-
-
-Food preparation and serving related occupations
4,465
484
3
2,106
459
6
2,359
502
5
91.4Chefs and head cooks
382
634
18
72
514
15
310
655
18
78.5First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers
427
537
19
227
500
15
200
613
22
81.6Cooks
1,365
466
8
506
436
12
859
481
7
90.6Food preparation workers
510
425
10
269
410
8
242
449
13
91.3Bartenders
210
554
40
112
515
12
98
600
26
85.8Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food
175
407
9
100
401
11
75
415
15
96.6Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop
65
460
29
36
-
-
29
-
-
-Waiters and waitresses
911
493
9
592
475
10
319
533
27
89.1Food servers, nonrestaurant
88
473
23
59
468
24
28
-
-
-Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers
134
458
20
55
481
16
79
444
22
108.3Dishwashers
131
401
12
19
-
-
111
408
12
-Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop
67
401
21
58
400
23
9
-
-
-Food preparation and serving related workers, all other
1
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
-Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations
3,641
522
4
1,268
463
7
2,373
573
7
80.8First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers
190
661
36
77
515
16
113
749
33
68.8First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers
111
723
40
9
-
-
102
760
66
-Janitors and building cleaners
1,595
539
8
459
481
9
1,136
574
9
83.8Maids and housekeeping cleaners
815
450
9
687
439
9
128
508
19
86.4Pest control workers
94
616
27
5
-
-
89
617
26
-Grounds maintenance workers
837
525
10
31
-
-
805
526
10
-Personal care and service occupations
2,699
520
4
1,971
503
4
728
612
12
82.2First-line supervisors of gaming workers
126
797
39
53
763
30
73
837
43
91.2First-line supervisors of personal service workers
76
619
37
45
-
-
31
-
-
-Animal trainers
23
-
-
7
-
-
16
-
-
-Nonfarm animal caretakers
99
506
19
78
504
19
21
-
-
-Gaming services workers
66
692
46
28
-
-
37
-
-
-Motion picture projectionists
0
-
-
0
-
-
0
-
-
-Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers
8
-
-
2
-
-
6
-
-
-Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers
74
517
18
36
-
-
39
-
-
-Embalmers and funeral attendants
15
-
-
7
-
-
8
-
-
-Morticians, undertakers, and funeral directors
22
-
-
3
-
-
19
-
-
-Barbers
54
590
28
8
-
-
47
-
-
-Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists
324
528
26
302
521
17
22
-
-
-Miscellaneous personal appearance workers
235
567
31
187
538
29
48
-
-
-Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges
70
547
50
14
-
-
56
543
48
-Tour and travel guides
21
-
-
6
-
-
14
-
-
-Childcare workers
448
482
8
413
474
11
35
-
-
-Personal care aides
735
486
8
608
479
8
127
520
20
92.1Recreation and fitness workers
200
616
30
118
565
34
82
726
78
77.8Residential advisors
27
-
-
17
-
-
10
-
-
-Personal care and service workers, all other
76
570
37
40
-
-
37
-
-
-Sales and office occupations
23,686
718
3
14,205
672
3
9,481
834
9
80.6Sales and related occupations
9,953
763
7
4,355
609
6
5,598
934
9
65.2First-line supervisors of retail sales workers
2,388
764
12
1,013
639
12
1,376
891
16
71.7First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers
815
1,062
27
274
965
28
541
1,151
37
83.8Cashiers
1,360
438
9
982
422
5
378
493
14
85.6Counter and rental clerks
78
607
43
31
-
-
48
-
-
-Parts salespersons
115
786
56
7
-
-
108
800
56
-Retail salespersons
1,896
615
6
736
523
12
1,160
704
25
74.3Advertising sales agents
193
887
30
106
882
33
87
895
55
98.5Insurance sales agents
440
897
37
242
795
46
198
1,058
49
75.1Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents
231
1,332
117
77
911
124
154
1,416
42
64.3Travel agents
57
665
24
47
-
-
10
-
-
-Sales representatives, services, all other
458
1,147
40
120
902
49
339
1,332
69
67.7Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing
1,105
1,157
24
308
956
47
796
1,222
36
78.2Models, demonstrators, and product promoters
16
-
-
12
-
-
4
-
-
-Real estate brokers and sales agents
488
953
23
269
818
64
219
1,159
37
70.6Sales engineers
39
-
-
3
-
-
36
-
-
-Telemarketers
37
-
-
27
-
-
11
-
-
-Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers
41
-
-
15
-
-
27
-
-
-Sales and related workers, all other
195
971
96
89
799
77
107
1,147
32
69.7Office and administrative support occupations
13,733
701
3
9,850
691
3
3,884
735
7
94.0First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers
1,261
867
15
854
819
17
408
987
32
83.0Switchboard operators, including answering service
16
-
-
12
-
-
3
-
-
-Telephone operators
35
-
-
27
-
-
9
-
-
-Communications equipment operators, all other
5
-
-
2
-
-
4
-
-
-Bill and account collectors
130
674
32
92
655
26
38
-
-
-Billing and posting clerks
405
696
15
347
691
16
58
718
34
96.2Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks
718
719
13
625
716
12
92
743
37
96.4Gaming cage workers
11
-
-
11
-
-
0
-
-
-Payroll and timekeeping clerks
103
765
28
89
767
28
13
-
-
-Procurement clerks
29
-
-
15
-
-
14
-
-
-Tellers
209
572
14
184
562
15
25
-
-
-Financial clerks, all other
74
902
40
48
-
-
26
-
-
-Brokerage clerks
5
-
-
3
-
-
2
-
-
-Correspondence clerks
6
-
-
5
-
-
0
-
-
-Court, municipal, and license clerks
79
738
58
62
718
36
17
-
-
-Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks
50
807
77
31
-
-
20
-
-
-Customer service representatives
1,881
654
9
1,234
637
10
646
712
29
89.5Eligibility interviewers, government programs
66
849
55
50
779
50
16
-
-
-File clerks
135
704
36
109
706
31
26
-
-
-Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks
84
486
18
49
-
-
35
-
-
-Interviewers, except eligibility and loan
106
671
32
89
683
34
16
-
-
-Library assistants, clerical
45
-
-
37
-
-
8
-
-
-Loan interviewers and clerks
114
742
23
95
725
22
19
-
-
-New accounts clerks
36
-
-
28
-
-
8
-
-
-Order clerks
80
629
31
42
-
-
38
-
-
-Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping
45
-
-
37
-
-
8
-
-
-Receptionists and information clerks
892
602
7
826
599
7
66
652
25
91.9Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks
99
739
38
56
691
58
43
-
-
-Information and record clerks, all other
92
691
32
74
683
32
19
-
-
-Cargo and freight agents
14
-
-
4
-
-
10
-
-
-Couriers and messengers
155
725
45
24
-
-
131
751
49
-Dispatchers
255
710
19
145
691
18
110
753
34
91.8Meter readers, utilities
14
-
-
2
-
-
12
-
-
-Postal service clerks
104
940
90
56
925
72
48
-
-
-Postal service mail carriers
266
944
33
108
856
35
158
965
29
88.7Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators
49
-
-
23
-
-
26
-
-
-Production, planning, and expediting clerks
238
911
35
120
798
39
118
1,043
47
76.5Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks
544
611
10
165
596
20
379
616
11
96.8Stock clerks and order fillers
982
559
12
339
538
18
643
571
14
94.2Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping
43
-
-
21
-
-
22
-
-
-Secretaries and administrative assistants
2,165
739
8
2,046
735
8
119
852
148
86.3Computer operators
63
809
67
35
-
-
27
-
-
-Data entry keyers
224
650
17
176
640
18
48
-
-
-Word processors and typists
80
683
29
72
667
24
8
-
-
-Desktop publishers
1
-
-
1
-
-
0
-
-
-Insurance claims and policy processing clerks
223
714
16
189
711
17
34
-
-
-Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service
46
-
-
16
-
-
30
-
-
-Office clerks, general
935
682
11
793
670
9
142
780
37
85.9Office machine operators, except computer
27
-
-
17
-
-
10
-
-
-Proofreaders and copy markers
6
-
-
4
-
-
2
-
-
-Statistical assistants
17
-
-
10
-
-
7
-
-
-Office and administrative support workers, all other
473
758
21
352
756
21
122
768
56
98.4Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
11,509
801
4
515
579
15
10,994
809
5
71.6Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
962
539
17
206
471
14
756
585
11
80.5First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers
51
711
37
4
-
-
47
-
-
-Agricultural inspectors
14
-
-
4
-
-
10
-
-
-Animal breeders
3
-
-
0
-
-
3
-
-
-Graders and sorters, agricultural products
99
500
29
67
487
34
32
-
-
-Miscellaneous agricultural workers
701
517
8
127
453
19
574
553
31
81.9Fishers and related fishing workers
21
-
-
0
-
-
21
-
-
-Hunters and trappers
2
-
-
1
-
-
0
-
-
-Forest and conservation workers
25
-
-
2
-
-
23
-
-
-Logging workers
47
-
-
1
-
-
46
-
-
-Construction and extraction occupations
6,147
796
6
160
802
26
5,987
796
6
100.8First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers
520
1,158
36
14
-
-
506
1,166
36
-Boilermakers
15
-
-
0
-
-
15
-
-
-Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons
121
787
35
0
-
-
121
787
35
-Carpenters
870
789
12
19
-
-
851
789
12
-Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers
115
631
48
1
-
-
114
628
45
-Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers
47
-
-
2
-
-
45
-
-
-Construction laborers
1,443
670
11
43
-
-
1,400
667
11
-Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators
12
-
-
0
-
-
12
-
-
-Pile-driver operators
2
-
-
0
-
-
2
-
-
-Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators
324
868
27
6
-
-
318
868
29
-Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers
114
634
54
1
-
-
112
628
43
-Electricians
726
979
26
15
-
-
711
974
26
-Glaziers
39
-
-
0
-
-
39
-
-
-Insulation workers
52
768
27
3
-
-
49
-
-
-Painters, construction and maintenance
347
683
17
20
-
-
328
689
17
-Paperhangers
1
-
-
0
-
-
1
-
-
-Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters
497
866
35
8
-
-
489
865
36
-Plasterers and stucco masons
24
-
-
0
-
-
24
-
-
-Reinforcing iron and rebar workers
13
-
-
0
-
-
13
-
-
-Roofers
174
621
21
0
-
-
174
621
21
-Sheet metal workers
136
865
49
3
-
-
132
866
48
-Structural iron and steel workers
43
-
-
2
-
-
41
-
-
-Solar photovoltaic installers
7
-
-
0
-
-
7
-
-
-Helpers, construction trades
57
621
27
4
-
-
53
627
48
-Construction and building inspectors
63
974
149
4
-
-
60
1,068
230
-Elevator installers and repairers
38
-
-
0
-
-
38
-
-
-Fence erectors
26
-
-
1
-
-
25
-
-
-Hazardous materials removal workers
27
-
-
6
-
-
20
-
-
-Highway maintenance workers
91
761
29
4
-
-
88
770
30
-Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators
10
-
-
0
-
-
10
-
-
-Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners
6
-
-
0
-
-
6
-
-
-Miscellaneous construction and related workers
15
-
-
1
-
-
14
-
-
-Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining
27
-
-
0
-
-
27
-
-
-Earth drillers, except oil and gas
17
-
-
0
-
-
17
-
-
-Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters
12
-
-
0
-
-
12
-
-
-Mining machine operators
49
-
-
0
-
-
49
-
-
-Roof bolters, mining
2
-
-
0
-
-
2
-
-
-Roustabouts, oil and gas
4
-
-
0
-
-
4
-
-
-Helpers--extraction workers
5
-
-
1
-
-
5
-
-
-Other extraction workers
54
900
46
2
-
-
52
907
45
-Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
4,400
878
9
149
736
47
4,251
883
8
83.4First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers
244
1,092
43
19
-
-
225
1,089
49
-Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers
173
819
36
17
-
-
156
833
47
-Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers
121
1,010
47
8
-
-
113
1,069
99
-Avionics technicians
7
-
-
0
-
-
7
-
-
-Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers
30
-
-
0
-
-
30
-
-
-Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment
1
-
-
0
-
-
1
-
-
-Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility
14
-
-
0
-
-
14
-
-
-Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles
11
-
-
0
-
-
11
-
-
-Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers
38
-
-
0
-
-
38
-
-
-Security and fire alarm systems installers
71
945
67
3
-
-
68
943
66
-Aircraft mechanics and service technicians
153
1,169
62
6
-
-
146
1,175
65
-Automotive body and related repairers
124
821
103
1
-
-
122
832
124
-Automotive glass installers and repairers
21
-
-
0
-
-
21
-
-
-Automotive service technicians and mechanics
752
761
15
15
-
-
737
764
15
-Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists
367
887
25
4
-
-
362
887
25
-Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics
177
993
43
4
-
-
173
1,005
42
-Small engine mechanics
26
-
-
0
-
-
26
-
-
-Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers
64
613
38
0
-
-
64
613
38
-Control and valve installers and repairers
25
-
-
0
-
-
25
-
-
-Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers
376
830
46
7
-
-
369
832
47
-Home appliance repairers
26
-
-
0
-
-
26
-
-
-Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics
395
923
29
16
-
-
379
932
41
-Maintenance and repair workers, general
511
828
26
20
-
-
490
834
29
-Maintenance workers, machinery
25
-
-
0
-
-
25
-
-
-Millwrights
40
-
-
1
-
-
39
-
-
-Electrical power-line installers and repairers
132
1,191
37
0
-
-
132
1,191
37
-Telecommunications line installers and repairers
187
879
41
5
-
-
181
876
45
-Precision instrument and equipment repairers
44
-
-
10
-
-
34
-
-
-Wind turbine service technicians
6
-
-
0
-
-
6
-
-
-Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers
24
-
-
1
-
-
23
-
-
-Commercial divers
0
-
-
0
-
-
0
-
-
-Locksmiths and safe repairers
20
-
-
2
-
-
18
-
-
-Manufactured building and mobile home installers
3
-
-
0
-
-
3
-
-
-Riggers
13
-
-
0
-
-
13
-
-
-Signal and track switch repairers
11
-
-
0
-
-
11
-
-
-Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers
15
-
-
2
-
-
14
-
-
-Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers
156
774
35
6
-
-
150
772
39
-Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
14,825
692
3
3,119
545
6
11,705
736
5
74.0Production occupations
7,589
701
4
2,044
564
7
5,545
769
7
73.3First-line supervisors of production and operating workers
722
966
24
133
716
53
588
1,007
19
71.1Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers
1
-
-
1
-
-
0
-
-
-Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers
123
624
29
50
587
28
73
682
67
86.1Engine and other machine assemblers
14
-
-
2
-
-
11
-
-
-Structural metal fabricators and fitters
25
-
-
1
-
-
24
-
-
-Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators
957
630
15
362
559
12
595
700
18
79.9Bakers
135
472
13
68
464
23
67
488
68
95.1Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers
259
587
16
63
487
16
196
621
19
78.4Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders
7
-
-
3
-
-
4
-
-
-Food batchmakers
70
575
29
38
-
-
32
-
-
-Food cooking machine operators and tenders
8
-
-
5
-
-
3
-
-
-Food processing workers, all other
171
676
25
52
545
135
119
701
22
77.7Computer control programmers and operators
100
868
30
12
-
-
88
912
50
-Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
18
-
-
1
-
-
17
-
-
-Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
9
-
-
1
-
-
8
-
-
-Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
9
-
-
2
-
-
6
-
-
-Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
84
665
35
9
-
-
74
688
48
-Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
7
-
-
0
-
-
7
-
-
-Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
40
-
-
4
-
-
35
-
-
-Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
14
-
-
1
-
-
13
-
-
-Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
5
-
-
2
-
-
3
-
-
-Machinists
343
831
26
16
-
-
326
834
28
-Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters
23
-
-
3
-
-
20
-
-
-Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic
3
-
-
3
-
-
1
-
-
-Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
43
-
-
5
-
-
38
-
-
-Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
5
-
-
1
-
-
4
-
-
-Tool and die makers
59
1,007
36
3
-
-
56
1,021
211
-Welding, soldering, and brazing workers
541
812
17
24
-
-
517
821
18
-Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
2
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
-Layout workers, metal and plastic
11
-
-
0
-
-
11
-
-
-Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic
16
-
-
2
-
-
14
-
-
-Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners
7
-
-
0
-
-
7
-
-
-Metal workers and plastic workers, all other
381
654
18
78
574
29
303
679
19
84.5Prepress technicians and workers
13
-
-
4
-
-
8
-
-
-Printing press operators
151
758
43
26
-
-
126
789
24
-Print binding and finishing workers
8
-
-
4
-
-
4
-
-
-Laundry and dry-cleaning workers
106
450
22
79
443
22
27
-
-
-Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials
19
-
-
9
-
-
10
-
-
-Sewing machine operators
157
519
21
108
521
23
49
-
-
-Shoe and leather workers and repairers
1
-
-
1
-
-
0
-
-
-Shoe machine operators and tenders
3
-
-
1
-
-
2
-
-
-Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers
31
-
-
21
-
-
10
-
-
-Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders
0
-
-
0
-
-
0
-
-
-Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders
6
-
-
4
-
-
2
-
-
-Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders
17
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
-
-Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders
12
-
-
8
-
-
4
-
-
-Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers
0
-
-
0
-
-
0
-
-
-Fabric and apparel patternmakers
1
-
-
1
-
-
0
-
-
-Upholsterers
22
-
-
4
-
-
18
-
-
-Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other
19
-
-
9
-
-
10
-
-
-Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters
38
-
-
2
-
-
36
-
-
-Furniture finishers
8
-
-
1
-
-
7
-
-
-Model makers and patternmakers, wood
1
-
-
0
-
-
1
-
-
-Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood
26
-
-
0
-
-
26
-
-
-Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing
16
-
-
4
-
-
12
-
-
-Woodworkers, all other
19
-
-
4
-
-
15
-
-
-Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers
47
-
-
2
-
-
45
-
-
-Stationary engineers and boiler operators
76
1,088
304
4
-
-
72
1,142
99
-Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators
107
907
33
5
-
-
102
910
33
-Miscellaneous plant and system operators
41
-
-
6
-
-
34
-
-
-Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders
58
877
72
3
-
-
55
879
65
-Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers
70
771
25
8
-
-
62
795
39
-Cutting workers
51
521
16
12
-
-
40
-
-
-Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders
13
-
-
3
-
-
10
-
-
-Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders
5
-
-
0
-
-
5
-
-
-Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers
717
765
26
275
637
19
443
853
48
74.7Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers
24
-
-
5
-
-
20
-
-
-Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians
57
598
74
40
-
-
16
-
-
-Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders
275
553
20
147
516
14
128
598
17
86.3Painting workers
131
693
28
14
-
-
117
705
33
-Photographic process workers and processing machine operators
23
-
-
7
-
-
16
-
-
-Semiconductor processors
2
-
-
2
-
-
0
-
-
-Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders
4
-
-
0
-
-
4
-
-
-Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders
10
-
-
2
-
-
8
-
-
-Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders
2
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
-Etchers and engravers
5
-
-
2
-
-
3
-
-
-Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic
25
-
-
4
-
-
21
-
-
-Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders
28
-
-
5
-
-
23
-
-
-Tire builders
10
-
-
0
-
-
10
-
-
-Helpers--production workers
30
-
-
11
-
-
19
-
-
-Production workers, all other
890
663
16
238
570
20
653
716
15
79.6Transportation and material moving occupations
7,236
681
5
1,075
514
6
6,160
710
5
72.4Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers
192
881
123
31
-
-
160
919
75
-Aircraft pilots and flight engineers
112
1,736
200
7
-
-
105
1,750
119
-Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists
16
-
-
5
-
-
11
-
-
-Flight attendants
71
860
96
51
873
82
20
-
-
-Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians
8
-
-
1
-
-
7
-
-
-Bus drivers
356
605
16
148
517
28
209
671
27
77.0Driver/sales workers and truck drivers
2,828
797
8
139
589
28
2,689
807
9
73.0Taxi drivers and chauffeurs
362
604
18
54
453
30
308
623
24
72.7Motor vehicle operators, all other
33
-
-
5
-
-
28
-
-
-Locomotive engineers and operators
43
-
-
7
-
-
36
-
-
-Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators
5
-
-
0
-
-
5
-
-
-Railroad conductors and yardmasters
42
-
-
2
-
-
39
-
-
-Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation workers
9
-
-
2
-
-
7
-
-
-Sailors and marine oilers
19
-
-
0
-
-
19
-
-
-Ship and boat captains and operators
29
-
-
0
-
-
29
-
-
-Ship engineers
3
-
-
0
-
-
3
-
-
-Bridge and lock tenders
5
-
-
2
-
-
3
-
-
-Parking lot attendants
65
560
45
16
-
-
49
-
-
-Automotive and watercraft service attendants
80
514
43
7
-
-
73
535
45
-Transportation inspectors
41
-
-
8
-
-
33
-
-
-Transportation attendants, except flight attendants
21
-
-
10
-
-
11
-
-
-Other transportation workers
20
-
-
1
-
-
19
-
-
-Conveyor operators and tenders
1
-
-
0
-
-
1
-
-
-Crane and tower operators
52
902
54
1
-
-
51
898
53
-Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators
29
-
-
1
-
-
28
-
-
-Hoist and winch operators
6
-
-
0
-
-
6
-
-
-Industrial truck and tractor operators
584
624
14
46
-
-
538
632
19
-Cleaners of vehicles and equipment
237
530
25
40
-
-
197
531
37
-Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand
1,450
578
7
254
500
10
1,196
595
7
84.0Machine feeders and offbearers
29
-
-
15
-
-
14
-
-
-Packers and packagers, hand
368
480
8
210
462
14
158
500
13
92.4Pumping station operators
19
-
-
0
-
-
19
-
-
-Refuse and recyclable material collectors
56
522
68
7
-
-
49
-
-
-Mine shuttle car operators
0
-
-
0
-
-
0
-
-
-Tank car, truck, and ship loaders
6
-
-
0
-
-
6
-
-
-Material moving workers, all other
41
-
-
6
-
-
34
-
-
-Note: Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by state, 2017 annual averages
State
Total
Women
Men
Women'searningsas apercentageof men'sNumberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianweeklyearnings
Standarderrorofmedian
Numberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianweeklyearnings
Standarderrorofmedian
Numberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianweeklyearnings
StandarderrorofmedianUnited States
113,272
$860
$2
50,291
$770
$3
62,980
$941
$4
81.8Alabama
1,593
753
14
712
656
17
881
845
25
77.6Alaska
253
979
18
117
883
27
136
1,090
43
81.0Arizona
2,283
830
17
970
749
17
1,312
916
26
81.8Arkansas
1,023
722
13
496
665
15
527
799
23
83.2California
13,145
913
8
5,620
827
11
7,525
992
11
83.4Colorado
2,049
918
14
854
838
20
1,195
986
20
85.0Connecticut
1,290
1,011
19
577
938
40
713
1,102
47
85.1Delaware
349
840
22
160
785
19
189
905
26
86.7District of Columbia
311
1,273
30
158
1,191
45
153
1,385
50
86.0Florida
7,092
768
7
3,312
726
9
3,780
826
14
87.9Georgia
3,717
775
12
1,736
720
17
1,981
866
29
83.1Hawaii
497
821
18
234
734
23
263
918
28
80.0Idaho
568
794
16
230
695
13
338
893
17
77.8Illinois
4,426
918
12
1,965
791
16
2,460
1,017
17
77.8Indiana
2,425
805
14
1,075
708
19
1,350
903
28
78.4Iowa
1,167
825
15
522
738
17
645
907
20
81.4Kansas
1,040
823
18
459
749
20
581
916
21
81.8Kentucky
1,477
774
15
676
673
20
801
834
30
80.7Louisiana
1,498
773
15
673
686
20
825
886
26
77.4Maine
445
845
24
201
760
23
244
911
22
83.4Maryland
2,295
1,036
28
1,041
959
37
1,254
1,131
41
84.8Massachusetts
2,597
1,078
21
1,157
971
18
1,440
1,204
32
80.6Michigan
3,405
853
16
1,455
765
12
1,950
928
17
82.4Minnesota
2,128
955
20
937
844
26
1,191
1,026
24
82.3Mississippi
944
723
13
454
643
18
490
794
25
81.0Missouri
2,166
826
17
1,006
733
20
1,160
925
27
79.2Montana
321
800
19
135
713
15
185
883
22
80.7Nebraska
696
814
16
311
760
23
385
871
28
87.3Nevada
1,071
746
12
451
675
14
621
808
16
83.5New Hampshire
512
918
20
225
838
21
287
1,003
25
83.5New Jersey
3,241
1,016
13
1,486
929
17
1,755
1,138
23
81.6New Mexico
622
737
13
268
701
16
354
771
22
90.9New York
7,120
918
9
3,303
850
15
3,817
984
13
86.4North Carolina
3,574
810
10
1,655
754
13
1,919
874
19
86.3North Dakota
291
857
18
128
740
18
164
952
18
77.7Ohio
4,021
832
12
1,801
743
13
2,220
908
15
81.8Oklahoma
1,308
766
11
554
685
16
754
859
25
79.7Oregon
1,413
873
23
604
770
24
810
945
22
81.5Pennsylvania
4,448
869
13
1,985
768
11
2,463
971
17
79.1Rhode Island
391
897
14
178
833
24
213
956
32
87.1South Carolina
1,673
799
14
753
696
16
920
898
20
77.5South Dakota
308
769
13
141
679
15
168
858
19
79.1Tennessee
2,291
780
15
1,034
704
17
1,257
874
23
80.5Texas
9,918
813
9
4,243
734
9
5,675
894
11
82.1Utah
1,044
827
15
394
692
14
650
952
18
72.7Vermont
227
874
19
103
816
24
124
918
21
88.9Virginia
3,134
937
18
1,414
844
20
1,720
1,043
33
80.9Washington
2,538
961
20
1,066
825
22
1,472
1,093
27
75.5West Virginia
569
747
12
253
670
20
316
830
22
80.7Wisconsin
2,159
860
13
926
777
18
1,233
936
21
83.0Wyoming
197
875
21
82
720
17
115
1,006
21
71.6Note: In general, the sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national estimates; thus, comparisons of state estimates should be made with caution. Data shown are based on workers' state of residence; workers' reported earnings, however, may or may not be from a job located in the same state. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by selected demographic characteristics, 2017 annual averages
Characteristic
Total
Women
Men
Women'searningsas apercentageof men'sNumberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianweeklyearnings
Standarderrorofmedian
Numberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianweeklyearnings
Standarderrorofmedian
Numberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianweeklyearnings
StandarderrorofmedianAgeTotal, 16 years and older
24,433
$260
$1
16,054
$265
$2
8,378
$250
$2
106.016 to 24 years
8,453
200
2
4,771
199
2
3,683
201
2
99.016 to 19 years
3,605
160
2
1,981
159
3
1,625
162
3
98.120 to 24 years
4,848
232
2
2,790
229
3
2,058
237
4
96.625 years and older
15,980
301
2
11,284
302
2
4,696
301
3
100.325 to 34 years
4,178
300
3
2,812
300
4
1,367
300
5
100.035 to 44 years
3,028
319
4
2,322
318
4
706
322
10
98.845 to 54 years
2,970
319
4
2,337
318
4
633
324
10
98.155 to 64 years
3,195
302
4
2,295
304
5
900
294
8
103.465 years and older
2,609
258
5
1,518
249
6
1,091
273
8
91.2Race and Hispanic orLatino EthnicityWhite
19,235
264
2
12,781
269
2
6,454
253
3
106.3Black or African American
2,953
243
3
1,858
247
4
1,095
237
5
104.2Asian
1,237
275
6
798
276
7
439
275
11
100.4Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
4,024
262
3
2,588
260
3
1,436
265
5
98.1Marital StatusNever married
11,972
221
1
6,769
220
2
5,203
222
2
99.1Married, spouse present(1)
9,178
313
2
6,795
312
3
2,383
314
5
99.4Widowed, divorced, or separated(2)
3,283
285
4
2,491
285
4
792
286
7
99.7Widowed
720
254
7
605
255
8
115
250
21
102.0Divorced
1,846
297
5
1,364
296
6
483
300
10
98.7Separated(2)
717
285
6
522
289
7
195
272
14
106.2Footnotes (1) Refers to people in opposite-sex married couples only.(2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent.Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours usually worked, 2017 annual averages
Hours of work
Total
Women
Men
Women'searningsas apercentageof men'sNumberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianweeklyearnings
Standarderrorofmedian
Numberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianweeklyearnings
Standarderrorofmedian
Numberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianweeklyearnings
StandarderrorofmedianTotal, 16 years and older
137,890
$740
$2
66,421
$641
$2
71,469
$852
$4
75.20 to 34 hours
22,410
263
1
14,767
268
2
7,644
253
2
105.90 to 4 hours
530
62
3
349
62
3
181
63
5
98.45 to 9 hours
1,195
89
2
784
88
3
412
91
4
96.710 to 14 hours
2,025
122
1
1,331
123
2
694
118
2
104.215 to 19 hours
2,704
174
2
1,799
184
3
905
164
2
112.220 to 24 hours
6,575
238
2
4,348
245
2
2,227
224
3
109.425 to 29 hours
3,369
297
2
2,202
301
3
1,167
291
3
103.430 to 34 hours
6,013
378
3
3,953
390
4
2,060
360
4
108.335 hours and over
108,270
865
2
48,321
776
3
59,949
945
4
82.135 to 39 hours
7,849
537
6
5,249
550
6
2,601
514
7
107.040 hours
78,506
801
2
36,175
752
3
42,331
853
4
88.241 hours and over
21,915
1,276
8
6,897
1,173
11
15,018
1,343
8
87.341 to 44 hours
1,221
949
22
518
877
28
703
1,010
31
86.845 to 48 hours
6,161
1,149
9
2,157
1,113
19
4,004
1,172
15
95.049 to 59 hours
9,873
1,377
11
3,032
1,273
19
6,842
1,414
13
90.060 hours and over
4,660
1,452
15
1,191
1,261
24
3,469
1,499
18
84.1Hours vary
7,210
519
8
3,334
397
6
3,876
666
17
59.6Usually less than 35 hours
2,022
226
5
1,288
231
6
735
219
7
105.5Usually 35 or more hours
5,002
722
13
1,971
576
17
3,031
864
18
66.7Note: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full-time and part-time workers. Estimates for the "hours vary" groups do not sum to totals because data are not presented for a small number of multiple jobholders whose usual number of hours on the principal job is not identifiable. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 6. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2017 annual averages [In thousands]
Characteristic
Totalemployed
Number of workers by usual weekly earningsUnder$350.00
$350.00to$499.99
$500.00to$599.99
$600.00to$749.99
$750.00to$999.99
$1,000.00to$1,199.99
$1,200.00to$1,999.99
$2,000.00ormoreAgeTotal, 16 years and older
113,272
5,132
15,128
10,221
15,876
19,574
11,945
22,859
12,53716 to 24 years
10,281
1,288
3,340
1,556
1,657
1,330
482
536
9316 to 19 years
1,359
331
583
173
135
79
17
35
620 to 24 years
8,922
957
2,758
1,383
1,522
1,251
465
501
8625 years and older
102,991
3,844
11,788
8,666
14,219
18,244
11,463
22,323
12,44425 to 34 years
28,196
1,278
4,104
2,938
4,795
5,481
3,023
4,834
1,74335 to 44 years
25,662
878
2,720
1,951
3,283
4,308
2,932
6,129
3,46045 to 54 years
25,650
867
2,552
1,912
3,174
4,440
2,957
5,996
3,75155 to 64 years
19,157
568
1,901
1,451
2,439
3,356
2,104
4,512
2,82665 years and older
4,327
253
511
414
529
658
447
851
664Women, 16 years and older
50,291
2,885
7,908
5,219
7,684
9,127
5,182
8,616
3,67116 to 24 years
4,490
671
1,564
698
664
529
169
169
2616 to 19 years
566
169
268
61
28
27
4
10
020 to 24 years
3,924
502
1,296
638
636
502
166
160
2625 years and older
45,801
2,214
6,344
4,521
7,020
8,598
5,012
8,446
3,64525 to 34 years
12,381
664
2,001
1,487
2,239
2,465
1,266
1,733
52635 to 44 years
11,173
537
1,453
983
1,565
2,049
1,266
2,326
99445 to 54 years
11,609
560
1,468
1,033
1,665
2,139
1,317
2,309
1,11855 to 64 years
8,756
324
1,158
796
1,286
1,614
970
1,785
82365 years and older
1,882
130
264
222
265
331
193
293
184Men, 16 years and older
62,980
2,246
7,220
5,003
8,192
10,448
6,763
14,243
8,86616 to 24 years
5,791
617
1,776
858
993
801
312
367
6716 to 19 years
793
162
315
112
107
52
13
25
620 to 24 years
4,998
454
1,461
746
886
749
299
342
6125 years and older
57,190
1,630
5,444
4,145
7,199
9,646
6,451
13,876
8,79925 to 34 years
15,815
614
2,103
1,450
2,556
3,016
1,757
3,102
1,21735 to 44 years
14,488
341
1,267
968
1,718
2,260
1,667
3,803
2,46645 to 54 years
14,041
307
1,084
879
1,509
2,301
1,640
3,687
2,63355 to 64 years
10,401
244
743
656
1,153
1,742
1,134
2,727
2,00365 years and older
2,445
123
247
192
264
328
254
558
480Race and Hispanic or Latino EthnicityWhite
87,730
3,567
10,836
7,531
12,129
15,395
9,583
18,478
10,212Women
37,727
1,950
5,571
3,741
5,763
7,036
4,036
6,742
2,888Men
50,003
1,617
5,265
3,790
6,366
8,359
5,547
11,736
7,323Black or African American
14,521
1,048
2,921
1,744
2,345
2,461
1,307
1,947
749Women
7,593
632
1,612
957
1,225
1,273
676
904
313Men
6,928
416
1,309
787
1,120
1,188
630
1,042
436Asian
7,320
289
747
520
780
1,066
732
1,867
1,320Women
3,306
170
405
304
405
541
332
747
401Men
4,014
119
341
215
375
525
400
1,121
920Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
19,615
1,381
4,461
2,329
3,337
3,185
1,578
2,364
981Women
7,719
735
2,040
966
1,193
1,209
549
767
259Men
11,896
646
2,421
1,362
2,144
1,975
1,029
1,596
722Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 7. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by marital status and presence and age of own children under 18 years old, 2017 annual averages
Characteristic
Number of workers (in thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Standard error of medianWomenTotal, all marital statuses
50,291
$770
$3With children under 18 years old
17,301
777
5With children 6 to 17, none younger
10,619
802
7With children under 6 years old
6,682
743
7With no children under 18 years old
32,990
767
3Total, married, spouse present(1)
25,364
862
4With children under 18 years old
11,357
887
6With children 6 to 17, none younger
6,919
878
8With children under 6 years old
4,437
902
10With no children under 18 years old
14,007
842
5Total, other marital statuses(2)
24,928
694
3With children under 18 years old
5,945
628
5With children 6 to 17, none younger
3,700
696
8With children under 6 years old
2,245
555
10With no children under 18 years old
18,983
717
4MenTotal, all marital statuses
62,980
941
4With children under 18 years old
21,868
1,059
8With children 6 to 17, none younger
11,960
1,129
8With children under 6 years old
9,909
988
8With no children under 18 years old
41,112
887
4Total, married, spouse present(1)
36,579
1,098
6With children under 18 years old
19,139
1,120
7With children 6 to 17, none younger
10,571
1,159
7With children under 6 years old
8,568
1,049
11With no children under 18 years old
17,440
1,076
8Total, other marital statuses(2)
26,401
761
4With children under 18 years old
2,729
762
10With children 6 to 17, none younger
1,389
880
23With children under 6 years old
1,341
688
14With no children under 18 years old
23,672
761
4Footnotes (1) Refers to people in opposite-sex married couples only.(2) Includes people who are never married; widowed; divorced; separated; and married, spouse absent.Note: Children refer to "own" children and include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Excluded are other related children such as grandchildren, nieces, nephews, and cousins, as well as unrelated children. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 8. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected characteristics, 2017 annual averages
Characteristic
Total
Women
Men
Women'searningsas apercentageof men'sNumberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianhourlyearnings
Standarderrorofmedian
Numberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianhourlyearnings
Standarderrorofmedian
Numberofworkers(inthousands)
Medianhourlyearnings
StandarderrorofmedianAgeTotal, 16 years and older
80,439
$14.63
$0.05
40,658
$13.56
$0.06
39,781
$15.20
$0.04
89.216 to 24 years
15,974
10.68
0.04
7,965
10.28
0.04
8,009
10.99
0.04
93.516 to 19 years
4,660
9.79
0.02
2,409
9.59
0.10
2,252
9.88
0.03
97.120 to 24 years
11,314
11.35
0.08
5,557
11.00
0.04
5,757
11.88
0.04
92.625 years and older
64,465
15.65
0.05
32,693
14.83
0.02
31,772
17.00
0.05
87.225 to 34 years
19,269
14.83
0.03
9,350
14.00
0.06
9,919
15.15
0.04
92.435 to 44 years
14,620
16.10
0.06
7,188
14.92
0.05
7,432
17.89
0.07
83.445 to 54 years
14,793
16.72
0.11
7,641
15.16
0.05
7,152
18.74
0.22
80.955 to 64 years
11,865
16.82
0.11
6,361
15.21
0.10
5,504
18.60
0.21
81.865 years and older
3,918
14.32
0.21
2,153
13.88
0.17
1,766
14.93
0.11
93.0Race and Hispanic orLatino EthnicityWhite
61,258
14.89
0.02
30,398
13.87
0.04
30,861
15.79
0.07
87.8Black or African American
11,829
12.90
0.06
6,445
12.55
0.10
5,385
13.34
0.14
94.1Asian
4,001
15.06
0.08
2,160
14.23
0.30
1,841
16.65
0.43
85.5Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
16,604
13.16
0.06
7,473
12.09
0.04
9,131
14.37
0.18
84.1Marital StatusNever married
32,149
12.15
0.02
15,538
11.85
0.03
16,612
12.77
0.07
92.8Married, spouse present(1)
35,317
16.64
0.08
17,212
15.13
0.03
18,106
18.16
0.07
83.3Widowed, divorced, or separated(2)
12,973
14.97
0.04
7,909
14.14
0.08
5,064
16.22
0.18
87.2Widowed
1,627
14.11
0.19
1,255
13.76
0.26
372
15.25
0.52
90.2Divorced
8,165
15.55
0.15
4,873
14.88
0.06
3,292
17.20
0.22
86.5Separated(2)
3,182
13.52
0.23
1,781
12.59
0.18
1,400
15.01
0.10
83.9Union Affiliation(3)Members of unions(4)
8,614
20.11
0.06
3,315
17.79
0.19
5,299
22.12
0.19
80.4Represented by unions(5)
9,493
19.94
0.06
3,775
17.42
0.24
5,719
21.86
0.21
79.7Not represented by a union
70,946
13.98
0.03
36,884
13.12
0.03
34,062
14.87
0.02
88.2Educational AttainmentTotal, 25 years and older
64,465
15.65
0.05
32,693
14.83
0.02
31,772
17.00
0.05
87.2Less than a high school diploma
6,689
12.02
0.04
2,687
10.78
0.06
4,001
13.22
0.13
81.5High school graduates, no college
21,809
14.94
0.03
9,749
13.13
0.05
12,060
16.66
0.13
78.8Some college or associate degree
21,365
15.92
0.05
11,472
14.92
0.04
9,893
17.85
0.09
83.6Bachelor's degree and higher
14,602
19.98
0.05
8,785
19.78
0.14
5,817
20.52
0.27
96.4Footnotes (1) Refers to people in opposite-sex married couples only.(2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent.(3) Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, industry, and geographic region.(4) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.(5) Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 9. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2017 annual averages [In thousands]
Characteristic
Totalemployed
Number of workers by hourly earningsUnder$6.00
$6.00to$7.99
$8.00to$9.99
$10.00to$11.99
$12.00to$14.99
$15.00to$19.99
$20.00ormoreAgeTotal, 16 years and older
80,439
990
1,624
8,340
14,686
15,223
17,708
21,86916 to 24 years
15,974
430
912
3,684
4,739
3,319
2,003
88616 to 19 years
4,660
131
519
1,689
1,498
585
189
5020 to 24 years
11,314
299
394
1,995
3,241
2,735
1,814
83625 years and older
64,465
560
711
4,656
9,946
11,904
15,705
20,98325 to 34 years
19,269
282
238
1,563
3,275
4,169
5,053
4,68935 to 44 years
14,620
123
160
1,001
2,134
2,520
3,513
5,16945 to 54 years
14,793
97
131
916
2,074
2,464
3,540
5,57255 to 64 years
11,865
52
106
738
1,680
2,030
2,782
4,47665 years and older
3,918
7
77
437
783
721
817
1,077Women, 16 years and older
40,658
663
943
5,140
8,113
8,153
8,615
9,03116 to 24 years
7,965
284
520
2,037
2,378
1,594
808
34516 to 19 years
2,409
77
295
933
757
280
51
1520 to 24 years
5,557
207
225
1,103
1,621
1,314
756
33025 years and older
32,693
379
423
3,103
5,735
6,559
7,808
8,68625 to 34 years
9,350
190
129
967
1,692
2,123
2,342
1,90735 to 44 years
7,188
85
97
687
1,242
1,387
1,648
2,04145 to 54 years
7,641
65
90
664
1,308
1,396
1,852
2,26655 to 64 years
6,361
34
61
512
1,072
1,224
1,495
1,96465 years and older
2,153
5
46
272
420
429
471
509Men, 16 years and older
39,781
327
681
3,200
6,573
7,070
9,093
12,83816 to 24 years
8,009
146
392
1,647
2,362
1,725
1,196
54116 to 19 years
2,252
54
223
756
741
305
138
3520 to 24 years
5,757
91
169
892
1,620
1,421
1,058
50625 years and older
31,772
181
289
1,553
4,211
5,345
7,897
12,29725 to 34 years
9,919
92
108
596
1,583
2,047
2,711
2,78235 to 44 years
7,432
38
63
314
892
1,132
1,865
3,12945 to 54 years
7,152
32
40
252
766
1,067
1,689
3,30655 to 64 years
5,504
18
45
226
608
806
1,287
2,51265 years and older
1,766
1
31
165
363
292
346
568Race and Hispanic orLatino EthnicityWhite
61,258
811
1,114
5,883
10,669
11,371
13,726
17,685Women
30,398
560
638
3,629
5,908
6,017
6,506
7,140Men
30,861
251
476
2,253
4,761
5,355
7,220
10,545Black or African American
11,829
93
392
1,766
2,485
2,487
2,469
2,137Women
6,445
48
236
1,081
1,347
1,389
1,336
1,007Men
5,385
46
155
684
1,138
1,098
1,133
1,130Asian
4,001
41
56
305
749
725
766
1,359Women
2,160
28
35
189
453
412
411
632Men
1,841
14
21
116
296
313
355
727Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
16,604
148
311
1,709
3,953
3,578
3,649
3,255Women
7,473
94
180
1,058
2,043
1,641
1,415
1,041Men
9,131
55
131
651
1,910
1,936
2,235
2,214Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 10. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, by selected demographic characteristics, 2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic
Workers paid hourly ratesTotal
Belowprevailingfederalminimumwage
At prevailingfederalminimumwage
Total at or belowprevailing federalminimum wageNumber
Percentage ofworkerspaid hourlyratesAgeTotal, 16 years and older
80,439
1,282
542
1,824
2.316 to 24 years
15,974
569
321
891
5.616 to 19 years
4,660
215
172
388
8.320 to 24 years
11,314
354
149
503
4.425 years and older
64,465
712
221
933
1.425 to 34 years
19,269
338
76
415
2.235 to 44 years
14,620
162
47
210
1.445 to 54 years
14,793
121
38
158
1.155 to 64 years
11,865
62
42
105
0.965 years and older
3,918
29
18
46
1.2Women, 16 years and older
40,658
829
316
1,146
2.816 to 24 years
7,965
371
190
562
7.116 to 19 years
2,409
134
107
241
10.020 to 24 years
5,557
237
83
320
5.825 years and older
32,693
458
126
584
1.825 to 34 years
9,350
222
38
260
2.835 to 44 years
7,188
104
29
133
1.945 to 54 years
7,641
77
25
102
1.355 to 64 years
6,361
42
22
65
1.065 years and older
2,153
13
12
25
1.1Men, 16 years and older
39,781
452
226
678
1.716 to 24 years
8,009
198
131
329
4.116 to 19 years
2,252
81
65
146
6.520 to 24 years
5,757
117
65
183
3.225 years and older
31,772
254
95
349
1.125 to 34 years
9,919
117
38
155
1.635 to 44 years
7,432
59
18
77
1.045 to 54 years
7,152
43
13
56
0.855 to 64 years
5,504
20
20
40
0.765 years and older
1,766
16
6
21
1.2Race and Hispanic or Latino EthnicityWhite
61,258
1,016
359
1,375
2.2Women
30,398
680
205
885
2.9Men
30,861
336
154
490
1.6Black or African American
11,829
155
146
301
2.5Women
6,445
79
88
166
2.6Men
5,385
76
58
135
2.5Asian
4,001
56
14
70
1.7Women
2,160
37
10
47
2.2Men
1,841
19
4
23
1.3Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
16,604
200
101
301
1.8Women
7,473
123
53
176
2.4Men
9,131
77
48
124
1.4Full- and Part-time Status(1)Full-time workers
60,205
510
130
640
1.1Women
27,397
303
71
375
1.4Men
32,808
207
59
265
0.8Part-time workers
20,139
769
412
1,181
5.9Women
13,219
524
245
769
5.8Men
6,921
245
167
412
5.9Footnotes (1) The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data do not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders.Note: See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers. Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, 1979–2017 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Year
Totalwageandsalaryworkers
Workers paid hourly ratesTotal
Percentageof totalwageandsalaryworkers
Belowprevailingfederalminimumwage(1)
At prevailingfederalminimumwage(1)
Total at or belowprevailing federalminimum wageNumber
Percentage ofworkerspaid hourlyratesTotal1979
87,529
51,721
59.1
2,916
3,997
6,912
13.41980
87,644
51,335
58.6
3,087
4,686
7,773
15.11981
88,516
51,869
58.6
3,513
4,311
7,824
15.11982
87,368
50,846
58.2
2,348
4,148
6,496
12.81983
88,290
51,820
58.7
2,077
4,261
6,338
12.21984
92,194
54,143
58.7
1,838
4,125
5,963
11.01985
94,521
55,762
59.0
1,639
3,899
5,538
9.91986
96,903
57,529
59.4
1,599
3,461
5,060
8.81987
99,303
59,552
60.0
1,468
3,229
4,698
7.91988
101,407
60,878
60.0
1,319
2,608
3,927
6.51989
103,480
62,389
60.3
1,372
1,790
3,162
5.11990
104,876
63,172
60.2
2,132
1,096
3,228
5.11991
103,723
62,627
60.4
2,377
2,906
5,283
8.41992
104,668
63,610
60.8
1,939
2,982
4,921
7.71993
106,101
64,274
60.6
1,707
2,625
4,332
6.71994
107,989
66,549
61.6
1,995
2,132
4,128
6.21995
110,038
68,354
62.1
1,699
1,956
3,656
5.31996
111,960
69,255
61.9
1,863
1,861
3,724
5.41997
114,533
70,735
61.8
2,990
1,764
4,754
6.71998
116,730
71,440
61.2
2,834
1,593
4,427
6.21999
118,963
72,306
60.8
2,194
1,146
3,340
4.62000
122,089
73,496
60.2
1,752
898
2,650
3.62001
122,229
73,392
60.0
1,518
656
2,174
3.02002
121,826
72,508
59.5
1,579
567
2,146
3.02003
122,358
72,946
59.6
1,555
545
2,100
2.92004
123,554
73,939
59.8
1,483
520
2,003
2.72005
125,889
75,609
60.1
1,403
479
1,882
2.52006
128,237
76,514
59.7
1,283
409
1,692
2.22007
129,767
75,873
58.5
1,462
267
1,729
2.32008
129,377
75,305
58.2
1,940
286
2,226
3.02009
124,490
72,611
58.3
2,592
980
3,572
4.92010
124,073
72,902
58.8
2,541
1,820
4,361
6.02011
125,187
73,926
59.1
2,152
1,677
3,829
5.22012
127,577
75,276
59.0
1,984
1,566
3,550
4.72013
129,110
75,948
58.8
1,768
1,532
3,301
4.32014
131,431
77,207
58.7
1,737
1,255
2,992
3.92015
133,743
78,232
58.5
1,691
870
2,561
3.32016
136,101
79,883
58.7
1,451
701
2,153
2.72017
137,890
80,439
58.3
1,282
542
1,824
2.3Women1979
38,129
23,329
61.2
2,070
2,644
4,714
20.21980
38,944
23,626
60.7
2,104
2,990
5,095
21.61981
39,672
24,294
61.2
2,394
2,778
5,172
21.31982
39,777
24,365
61.3
1,651
2,561
4,212
17.31983
40,433
24,989
61.8
1,492
2,603
4,095
16.41984
42,172
26,003
61.7
1,348
2,499
3,847
14.81985
43,506
26,869
61.8
1,198
2,356
3,554
13.21986
44,961
27,863
62.0
1,192
2,125
3,317
11.91987
46,365
29,078
62.7
1,105
1,946
3,051
10.51988
47,495
29,820
62.8
1,008
1,542
2,550
8.61989
48,691
30,702
63.1
994
1,056
2,050
6.71990
49,323
31,069
63.0
1,420
711
2,131
6.91991
49,105
30,988
63.1
1,582
1,792
3,374
10.91992
49,842
31,454
63.1
1,286
1,751
3,036
9.71993
50,626
31,937
63.1
1,133
1,534
2,667
8.41994
51,419
33,021
64.2
1,322
1,241
2,563
7.81995
52,369
33,934
64.8
1,157
1,161
2,318
6.81996
53,488
34,418
64.3
1,244
1,106
2,350
6.81997
54,708
35,214
64.4
1,843
1,092
2,935
8.31998
55,757
35,680
64.0
1,794
965
2,760
7.71999
57,050
36,233
63.5
1,426
700
2,126
5.92000
58,427
36,777
62.9
1,170
579
1,749
4.82001
58,582
36,848
62.9
1,021
409
1,430
3.92002
58,555
36,508
62.3
997
350
1,347
3.72003
59,122
37,093
62.7
1,062
332
1,394
3.82004
59,408
37,133
62.5
1,013
310
1,323
3.62005
60,423
37,957
62.8
944
290
1,234
3.32006
61,426
38,321
62.4
861
263
1,124
2.92007
62,299
38,082
61.1
1,002
181
1,183
3.12008
62,532
37,972
60.7
1,302
196
1,498
3.92009
60,951
37,426
61.4
1,603
612
2,215
5.92010
60,542
37,404
61.8
1,598
1,151
2,749
7.32011
60,502
37,469
61.9
1,366
1,029
2,395
6.42012
61,679
38,163
61.9
1,288
999
2,287
6.02013
62,316
38,404
61.6
1,148
910
2,058
5.42014
63,383
38,802
61.2
1,139
739
1,878
4.82015
64,445
39,500
61.3
1,062
540
1,602
4.12016
65,512
40,315
61.5
952
432
1,384
3.42017
66,421
40,658
61.2
829
316
1,146
2.8Men1979
49,400
28,392
57.5
846
1,353
2,199
7.71980
48,700
27,709
56.9
983
1,696
2,678
9.71981
48,844
27,576
56.5
1,119
1,533
2,652
9.61982
47,591
26,481
55.6
697
1,587
2,284
8.61983
47,856
26,831
56.1
585
1,658
2,243
8.41984
50,022
28,140
56.3
490
1,626
2,116
7.51985
51,015
28,893
56.6
440
1,544
1,984
6.91986
51,942
29,666
57.1
408
1,336
1,743
5.91987
52,938
30,474
57.6
364
1,283
1,647
5.41988
53,912
31,058
57.6
311
1,066
1,377
4.41989
54,789
31,687
57.8
379
733
1,112
3.51990
55,553
32,104
57.8
712
385
1,097
3.41991
54,618
31,639
57.9
795
1,114
1,909
6.01992
54,826
32,155
58.6
653
1,231
1,885
5.91993
55,475
32,337
58.3
573
1,091
1,664
5.11994
56,570
33,528
59.3
674
891
1,565
4.71995
57,669
34,420
59.7
542
796
1,338
3.91996
58,473
34,838
59.6
619
755
1,374
3.91997
59,825
35,521
59.4
1,147
673
1,820
5.11998
60,973
35,761
58.7
1,039
628
1,667
4.71999
61,914
36,073
58.3
768
446
1,214
3.42000
63,662
36,720
57.7
582
319
901
2.52001
63,647
36,544
57.4
497
247
744
2.02002
63,272
36,000
56.9
582
217
799
2.22003
63,236
35,853
56.7
493
213
706
2.02004
64,145
36,806
57.4
470
210
680
1.82005
65,466
37,652
57.5
459
189
648
1.72006
66,811
38,193
57.2
422
146
568
1.52007
67,468
37,790
56.0
460
86
546
1.42008
66,846
37,334
55.9
638
90
728
1.92009
63,539
35,185
55.4
990
368
1,358
3.92010
63,531
35,498
55.9
943
669
1,612
4.52011
64,686
36,457
56.4
785
648
1,433
3.92012
65,898
37,113
56.3
696
567
1,263
3.42013
66,794
37,544
56.2
621
622
1,243
3.32014
68,048
38,405
56.4
598
516
1,114
2.92015
69,298
38,732
55.9
629
330
959
2.52016
70,589
39,568
56.1
499
270
769
1.92017
71,469
39,781
55.7
452
226
678
1.7Footnotes (1) Data for 1990-91, 1996-97, and 2007-09 reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place in those years.Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 12. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2017
Year
Total,16 yearsand older
16 to 24 years
25 years and olderTotal
16 to 19years
20 to 24years
Total
25 to 34years
35 to 44years
45 to 54years
55 to 64years
65 yearsand older1979
62.3
78.6
85.2
76.3
62.1
67.5
58.3
56.8
60.6
77.61980
64.2
80.3
89.5
78.1
62.8
69.4
58.3
56.9
59.4
76.41981
64.4
82.6
91.7
80.6
62.6
70.3
59.9
56.8
58.9
71.11982
65.7
85.3
92.9
82.4
64.9
72.1
61.1
60.1
61.4
70.31983
66.5
88.8
94.0
85.5
65.8
73.3
61.5
59.5
61.8
68.81984
67.6
87.9
93.1
85.2
67.1
74.6
62.0
59.4
61.5
66.81985
68.1
87.6
90.7
85.7
66.8
75.1
63.0
59.7
61.0
65.91986
69.5
89.0
91.4
87.5
66.5
76.1
63.9
60.9
61.2
71.51987
69.8
88.3
87.8
88.0
67.3
76.7
66.1
62.3
62.2
68.71988
70.2
89.7
89.8
90.0
68.8
77.7
68.5
61.7
62.3
70.91989
70.1
90.8
94.3
89.7
70.2
78.3
68.3
62.7
63.9
74.31990
71.9
90.1
90.8
90.3
72.1
79.3
69.6
63.8
63.7
74.41991
74.2
93.3
93.6
93.3
74.0
81.0
70.7
65.0
64.5
68.31992
75.8
94.0
94.0
94.3
74.6
82.0
71.9
65.8
64.9
77.91993
77.1
94.8
92.8
95.4
74.8
83.0
73.0
67.4
67.4
74.31994
76.4
93.9
92.5
94.5
73.1
82.9
72.6
67.1
66.0
76.21995
75.5
90.8
88.1
92.4
72.8
82.2
72.6
67.7
64.7
80.01996
75.0
92.5
88.8
92.8
74.1
83.2
73.3
68.9
65.3
70.01997
74.4
92.1
91.6
90.5
75.1
82.9
74.0
69.4
64.7
77.01998
76.3
91.3
88.6
89.4
75.9
82.9
73.6
70.5
68.1
72.61999
76.5
91.0
91.4
90.5
74.4
81.5
71.7
70.0
67.9
78.72000
76.9
91.7
92.5
92.7
74.5
82.4
71.6
73.2
69.1
75.12001
76.4
90.3
90.3
91.9
75.4
83.0
72.5
73.5
70.5
69.02002
77.9
93.9
94.6
93.9
77.6
84.5
75.2
74.6
71.6
73.82003
79.4
93.2
93.1
93.9
78.5
86.9
76.1
73.0
72.7
71.12004
80.4
93.8
92.1
93.8
78.6
87.8
75.6
72.9
73.0
74.62005
81.0
93.2
92.1
93.8
79.4
89.0
75.5
75.5
74.7
76.42006
80.8
94.5
87.6
94.9
78.7
88.2
77.2
73.5
72.9
77.52007
80.2
92.3
89.1
90.3
78.5
86.9
76.5
74.5
72.8
77.82008
79.9
91.1
87.3
92.5
78.2
88.5
74.5
74.9
75.4
74.82009
80.2
92.6
90.7
92.9
78.7
88.7
77.4
73.6
75.3
76.12010
81.2
95.3
94.6
93.8
80.5
90.8
79.9
76.5
75.2
75.72011
82.2
92.5
88.6
93.2
81.0
92.3
78.5
76.0
75.1
80.92012
80.9
88.9
88.5
89.0
79.9
90.2
78.1
75.1
76.2
77.62013
82.1
88.3
89.7
89.8
81.1
89.4
80.2
76.6
77.1
73.72014
82.5
91.5
91.1
92.3
81.6
89.9
81.0
77.2
76.4
78.62015
81.1
88.2
89.4
89.7
80.4
89.6
81.8
76.8
73.7
73.82016
81.9
94.9
92.6
95.6
80.9
88.8
83.3
77.8
73.7
75.52017
81.8
91.2
87.6
90.2
81.3
88.2
81.0
77.5
78.0
77.0Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 22. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 13. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2017
Year
Total,16 yearsand older
White
Black orAfricanAmerican
Asian
HispanicorLatino ethnicity1979
62.3
61.7
74.4
-
71.71980
64.2
63.4
75.8
-
73.51981
64.4
63.1
76.9
-
75.71982
65.7
64.5
78.1
-
75.51983
66.5
65.6
78.9
-
78.51984
67.6
66.8
79.5
-
77.71985
68.1
67.2
82.6
-
77.71986
69.5
67.9
82.8
-
80.61987
69.8
68.2
84.4
-
82.01988
70.2
68.4
82.8
-
84.41989
70.1
69.3
86.5
-
85.41990
71.9
71.5
85.3
-
87.41991
74.2
73.7
86.1
-
90.41992
75.8
75.3
88.2
-
89.11993
77.1
76.5
88.8
-
90.51994
76.4
74.6
86.5
-
88.91995
75.5
73.3
86.4
-
87.11996
75.0
73.8
87.9
-
88.81997
74.4
74.6
86.8
-
85.71998
76.3
76.1
85.5
-
86.41999
76.5
75.7
83.8
-
85.72000
76.9
75.8
84.1
79.9
87.82001
76.4
75.8
85.8
76.9
88.22002
77.9
77.9
90.3
74.9
88.02003
79.4
79.3
88.5
77.5
88.42004
80.4
79.8
88.8
76.4
87.32005
81.0
80.2
89.3
80.6
87.72006
80.8
80.0
87.8
79.3
87.12007
80.2
79.4
88.8
78.1
91.02008
79.9
79.3
89.4
78.0
89.62009
80.2
79.2
93.7
81.8
89.52010
81.2
80.5
93.5
82.6
90.72011
82.2
82.1
91.1
77.4
90.72012
80.9
80.8
90.1
73.0
88.02013
82.1
81.7
91.3
77.3
91.12014
82.5
81.8
89.9
77.9
89.02015
81.1
80.8
90.4
77.7
89.72016
81.9
81.3
89.3
78.4
88.42017
81.8
81.9
92.5
74.8
87.4Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 23. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 14. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979–2017
Year
Total, 25 years and older
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Some college or associate degree
Bachelor's degree and higher1979
62.1
60.3
60.1
64.1
66.71980
62.8
61.4
61.5
64.5
67.91981
62.6
61.2
61.0
65.6
66.91982
64.9
62.8
63.1
66.7
68.81983
65.8
64.8
63.4
68.2
71.21984
67.1
64.9
64.9
68.4
69.41985
66.8
64.3
65.8
67.2
70.21986
66.5
64.8
66.6
68.0
70.61987
67.3
66.0
68.1
69.8
71.41988
68.8
66.6
68.2
71.6
71.41989
70.2
66.8
67.6
73.3
71.91990
72.1
68.8
68.6
72.9
72.21991
74.0
71.6
69.8
72.6
73.61992
74.6
72.9
70.4
73.3
75.11993
74.8
73.9
71.3
73.8
75.81994
73.1
75.1
70.8
72.1
76.81995
72.8
75.5
70.2
71.6
76.21996
74.1
75.1
70.7
73.2
75.21997
75.1
75.3
70.7
73.9
75.01998
75.9
73.9
70.8
74.0
75.31999
74.4
73.4
69.8
73.4
75.72000
74.5
74.9
71.1
73.1
74.12001
75.4
75.4
72.7
71.9
73.72002
77.6
77.2
74.2
74.3
74.22003
78.5
76.7
75.5
75.7
73.62004
78.6
74.9
75.7
75.8
75.22005
79.4
74.9
75.6
76.6
75.72006
78.7
76.3
73.7
75.6
75.12007
78.5
76.7
74.3
75.2
75.02008
78.2
76.1
73.3
75.7
74.32009
78.7
76.4
75.7
75.4
73.12010
80.5
79.8
76.5
75.5
74.12011
81.0
80.9
76.9
76.8
74.92012
79.9
76.0
76.3
76.9
73.02013
81.1
80.0
78.3
76.6
74.82014
81.6
79.1
77.0
75.8
75.72015
80.4
80.4
77.2
75.2
74.92016
80.9
76.8
77.9
76.8
75.22017
81.3
76.5
76.5
76.3
76.4Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older in table 24. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 15. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2017
Year
Total,16 yearsandolder
16 to 24 years
25 years and olderTotal
16 to 19years
20 to 24years
Total
25 to 34years
35 to 44years
45 to 54years
55 to 64years
65 yearsandolder1979
64.1
81.8
95.0
75.9
58.3
63.3
55.8
54.1
56.9
87.61980
64.8
84.1
93.2
77.0
58.7
64.1
54.9
54.4
56.4
89.21981
65.1
86.1
96.7
80.0
60.3
66.7
57.5
54.1
56.2
88.11982
67.3
86.3
97.0
81.8
62.1
67.7
57.1
55.7
59.0
88.11983
69.4
87.2
96.7
84.4
62.9
70.3
57.6
56.7
58.0
87.61984
69.8
86.0
96.5
84.5
63.7
71.1
59.0
56.9
59.5
89.01985
70.0
85.7
96.3
87.2
64.7
72.4
60.3
57.8
60.4
88.81986
70.2
85.8
95.5
86.7
66.0
74.1
61.4
59.0
60.3
91.31987
72.1
85.9
93.9
86.1
67.2
74.3
62.9
61.3
62.0
91.21988
73.8
89.1
94.4
87.2
68.7
75.6
66.1
61.6
62.4
92.81989
75.4
90.7
93.4
86.9
69.8
78.0
67.0
63.4
63.8
87.11990
77.9
91.0
93.8
90.1
71.8
79.4
68.7
64.3
66.2
89.61991
78.6
91.0
97.9
91.7
73.5
80.4
70.4
65.0
68.9
92.61992
80.3
91.3
97.7
92.5
76.0
82.6
73.1
66.1
69.3
92.61993
80.4
91.7
97.1
94.2
77.3
83.6
73.1
67.3
69.0
92.11994
80.6
90.5
97.0
91.2
78.2
85.5
73.4
69.9
70.7
94.01995
80.8
90.9
96.1
89.3
76.1
83.7
72.6
70.8
71.4
94.21996
81.2
92.1
97.0
89.6
78.2
83.1
74.6
72.1
72.4
91.61997
80.8
92.2
96.6
91.2
78.8
82.7
75.7
72.3
70.5
98.11998
81.8
90.3
96.7
89.1
77.9
86.1
77.4
75.0
72.4
93.21999
83.8
92.7
96.8
89.9
79.4
83.9
76.9
72.7
76.4
95.42000
83.8
91.7
93.8
93.0
80.8
88.3
76.3
73.2
76.8
94.72001
85.2
90.5
95.8
89.7
79.2
85.8
75.0
76.1
80.2
90.42002
85.0
92.5
96.9
91.3
82.1
85.1
78.7
77.6
80.8
89.32003
84.8
93.2
97.6
91.0
83.1
87.5
79.1
79.0
78.4
90.32004
84.6
93.9
95.9
91.7
81.7
88.3
78.4
79.1
79.6
92.52005
84.8
92.6
96.0
92.4
83.2
89.2
79.6
80.2
80.2
97.82006
84.0
90.9
95.7
90.5
83.2
87.6
80.0
76.4
80.6
93.02007
84.8
89.3
95.4
90.4
81.7
87.4
81.5
79.6
79.2
92.22008
85.4
91.2
96.6
91.6
83.0
87.0
80.5
78.2
81.8
91.62009
85.5
93.1
97.1
92.0
84.7
90.6
80.7
77.0
84.5
92.62010
86.0
93.6
97.8
91.7
85.6
91.9
82.9
79.9
83.2
93.82011
86.8
94.6
97.5
92.5
86.7
92.0
83.8
81.5
82.2
91.52012
86.4
93.0
97.9
92.0
86.8
91.5
83.9
81.2
83.1
90.92013
86.6
92.3
96.7
94.0
87.5
91.1
84.9
81.2
84.1
94.92014
84.6
92.4
96.1
96.3
85.7
87.0
84.6
81.2
81.3
89.22015
85.6
95.1
97.5
93.5
87.8
91.0
85.7
84.3
82.1
89.52016
87.0
97.7
95.7
91.9
87.6
88.2
85.8
83.0
83.7
88.12017
89.2
93.5
97.1
92.6
87.2
92.4
83.4
80.9
81.8
93.0Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information on historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of workers paid hourly rates in table 25. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 16. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2017
Year
Total,16 yearsandolder
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity1979
64.1
62.5
72.6
-
71.81980
64.8
63.6
74.9
-
75.11981
65.1
63.8
72.1
-
76.41982
67.3
66.0
75.2
-
75.61983
69.4
68.0
79.2
-
76.11984
69.8
68.6
79.1
-
77.01985
70.0
67.8
82.0
-
79.41986
70.2
68.8
78.7
-
80.81987
72.1
70.9
80.1
-
80.21988
73.8
72.7
80.8
-
81.11989
75.4
74.0
83.2
-
83.01990
77.9
75.6
84.5
-
86.11991
78.6
76.6
86.5
-
86.91992
80.3
78.6
87.1
-
88.31993
80.4
78.9
89.6
-
88.61994
80.6
79.7
87.5
-
89.31995
80.8
78.4
87.3
-
90.91996
81.2
79.6
88.0
-
88.81997
80.8
80.3
87.5
-
86.31998
81.8
81.8
86.9
-
87.61999
83.8
82.3
83.2
-
86.62000
83.8
83.0
88.8
90.5
87.32001
85.2
83.8
89.9
85.1
85.62002
85.0
83.8
92.3
91.7
86.12003
84.8
84.0
91.7
89.8
88.52004
84.6
84.0
91.3
88.8
90.22005
84.8
84.2
91.1
91.3
90.12006
84.0
83.6
88.5
90.7
87.62007
84.8
83.7
90.3
89.5
88.52008
85.4
84.5
89.9
87.3
85.12009
85.5
84.8
89.7
90.4
84.62010
86.0
85.0
92.1
88.0
86.22011
86.8
85.9
93.5
89.8
86.82012
86.4
85.3
92.0
90.1
85.42013
86.6
85.7
94.9
91.6
87.52014
84.6
83.3
94.8
90.2
86.62015
85.6
85.9
92.4
92.8
85.82016
87.0
87.2
92.6
93.6
85.22017
89.2
87.8
94.1
85.5
84.1Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in table 26. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2017 annual averages [In constant 2017 dollars]
Year
Total, 16 years and older
16 to 24 years
25 years and olderTotal
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and olderTotal1979
$760
$543
$454
$587
$836
$804
$883
$871
$826
$6251980
744
531
438
568
812
784
858
847
810
5771981
738
519
418
553
800
769
847
831
803
5771982
738
509
401
538
800
760
866
844
795
6191983
735
495
385
523
805
754
869
862
812
6131984
734
489
381
520
815
755
876
867
824
6131985
749
488
379
523
826
760
885
871
830
6471986
769
497
381
531
837
771
897
891
850
6381987
774
503
385
536
834
772
901
888
839
6421988
768
497
391
531
826
764
898
904
836
6451989
764
496
391
529
818
755
904
904
826
6401990
752
491
381
520
819
743
887
892
834
6261991
750
488
375
512
822
731
877
893
826
6711992
756
474
364
498
823
725
864
897
830
6491993
769
472
358
497
822
730
866
908
824
6581994
767
470
363
493
821
721
882
929
823
6311995
768
468
370
490
817
723
881
933
824
6231996
764
465
374
487
811
722
872
927
835
5991997
768
467
385
490
824
734
884
927
852
6001998
789
481
404
511
863
757
900
935
893
6111999
810
503
414
535
873
764
901
962
891
5962000
822
515
424
546
869
783
892
954
884
6602001
828
521
424
547
875
800
912
962
886
6782002
831
520
417
545
883
807
913
964
921
6862003
829
517
416
537
885
794
918
967
947
6902004
830
507
402
528
888
785
927
966
943
7282005
819
499
400
517
875
767
919
941
933
7162006
818
499
395
516
876
757
912
943
933
7112007
823
502
399
533
874
762
911
936
951
7172008
824
506
398
533
869
760
918
938
942
7352009
847
506
394
532
887
777
936
960
963
7842010
841
486
391
511
881
768
928
950
968
7702011
825
480
384
499
870
757
914
945
962
8102012
821
475
381
496
872
756
918
939
959
8102013
818
478
393
497
871
746
921
930
953
8442014
820
494
392
509
869
752
913
932
944
8542015
837
504
403
519
890
761
932
955
960
9042016
850
512
414
524
904
767
954
975
972
8852017
860
519
424
540
907
773
964
977
974
909Women1979
$574
$486
$416
$508
$615
$628
$618
$606
$596
$5361980
571
474
412
497
605
619
608
594
582
4971981
569
468
400
496
605
621
618
584
577
4911982
584
469
386
491
623
631
631
616
599
5161983
592
465
371
486
629
638
638
620
603
4981984
597
457
365
480
637
642
658
628
608
4931985
603
460
362
481
645
645
669
636
621
5271986
623
469
364
495
660
655
683
660
634
5481987
627
470
356
501
665
654
698
671
638
5401988
629
469
367
501
669
653
707
677
633
5591989
628
471
377
498
672
651
709
684
638
5591990
631
464
361
491
673
650
712
688
635
5471991
644
468
361
493
681
653
717
701
639
5621992
653
459
352
481
687
656
718
716
646
5641993
658
457
343
484
695
662
729
737
662
5611994
655
453
346
476
691
652
736
739
654
5521995
651
441
345
466
686
646
726
744
646
5661996
652
443
348
465
693
647
722
750
655
5211997
658
446
366
467
705
652
736
756
661
5311998
688
460
376
481
732
680
751
778
718
5281999
698
478
392
506
733
693
742
788
726
5462000
703
491
404
522
736
703
743
805
725
5592001
711
490
400
521
754
711
760
815
744
5422002
723
501
403
526
776
724
780
822
784
5872003
738
496
400
517
781
730
789
814
803
5822004
745
488
381
508
779
730
791
813
800
6222005
736
479
382
498
770
721
781
810
804
6192006
732
482
372
504
765
711
787
804
802
6222007
727
485
377
505
765
707
791
802
805
6332008
728
479
368
508
765
711
779
807
812
6432009
753
486
370
510
787
726
812
816
833
6902010
753
475
378
494
793
730
823
822
829
6772011
747
460
358
478
784
723
801
812
818
7252012
739
445
353
459
778
712
799
798
819
7132013
744
446
369
466
780
701
808
802
821
7282014
745
467
370
485
779
704
809
808
808
7672015
752
466
377
484
788
714
832
827
812
7662016
765
496
396
511
801
720
857
854
829
7652017
770
499
402
514
810
724
860
855
856
782Men1979
$921
$618
$489
$666
$991
$931
$1,060
$1,066
$984
$6911980
889
591
460
636
963
892
1,043
1,043
980
6511981
883
566
436
616
966
883
1,031
1,029
979
6911982
890
550
416
597
961
875
1,032
1,024
976
7331983
890
523
394
568
955
871
1,038
1,042
977
7231984
883
520
392
563
950
860
1,061
1,059
989
7391985
887
525
399
562
965
858
1,061
1,065
1,017
8001986
897
527
398
565
991
861
1,069
1,084
1,036
7671987
899
532
406
569
988
853
1,056
1,077
1,025
7871988
896
523
409
557
972
840
1,032
1,096
1,016
7881989
897
519
400
556
958
831
1,038
1,090
998
7531990
878
515
398
544
934
819
1,022
1,078
996
7351991
868
502
386
528
921
806
1,014
1,077
991
8221992
861
488
375
510
921
801
998
1,089
995
7231993
854
482
370
508
930
797
998
1,094
982
7551994
857
483
374
504
946
787
1,013
1,102
990
7241995
862
486
391
505
942
785
1,000
1,098
998
7071996
869
479
392
501
934
778
986
1,089
1,003
7441997
884
484
400
516
939
786
994
1,089
1,021
6901998
902
504
424
538
964
821
1,021
1,104
1,054
7271999
912
525
429
559
985
851
1,035
1,125
1,069
6932000
914
535
437
563
989
853
1,039
1,100
1,049
7452001
931
543
443
567
1,000
857
1,047
1,110
1,056
7852002
928
534
426
560
1,000
857
1,037
1,102
1,096
7962003
929
532
429
551
995
840
1,036
1,115
1,106
8182004
927
520
414
542
991
831
1,046
1,114
1,096
8342005
908
514
415
531
970
810
1,034
1,073
1,075
8102006
906
510
424
530
972
806
1,020
1,094
1,100
8022007
908
525
423
559
975
814
1,034
1,077
1,105
8132008
911
526
421
549
978
804
1,045
1,078
1,076
8602009
938
525
408
549
1,000
819
1,049
1,108
1,105
9062010
928
499
400
527
984
804
1,030
1,074
1,102
8942011
908
497
404
513
967
783
1,021
1,069
1,088
8962012
913
501
399
516
973
789
1,024
1,063
1,075
9202013
906
505
411
518
961
784
1,007
1,047
1,065
9872014
903
511
406
525
955
782
999
1,048
1,058
9762015
927
528
421
540
980
797
1,018
1,077
1,101
1,0382016
935
523
428
534
990
811
1,029
1,098
1,126
1,0132017
941
547
459
570
996
821
1,062
1,103
1,098
1,016Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section.  Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2017 annual averages [In constant 2017 dollars]
Year
Total, 16 years and older
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicityTotal1979
$760
$782
$628
-
$6121980
744
764
602
-
5941981
738
756
610
-
5791982
738
758
599
-
5871983
735
751
613
-
5871984
734
757
606
-
5831985
749
776
603
-
5881986
769
794
623
-
5931987
774
795
623
-
5901988
768
788
627
-
5791989
764
784
611
-
5711990
752
774
600
-
5551991
750
778
613
-
5491992
756
787
613
-
5521993
769
796
618
-
5541994
767
795
609
-
5321995
768
792
614
-
5271996
764
789
604
-
5291997
768
792
611
-
5361998
789
822
643
-
5581999
810
845
656
-
5682000
822
842
676
$877
5692001
828
847
682
888
5792002
831
851
680
899
5792003
829
850
687
926
5882004
830
854
683
921
5932005
819
845
654
947
5922006
818
841
676
956
5932007
823
848
674
983
5962008
824
847
672
983
6042009
847
867
688
1,008
6202010
841
861
688
963
6022011
825
846
671
945
5992012
821
847
664
984
6072013
818
845
663
993
6092014
820
846
662
988
6162015
837
864
664
1,028
6252016
850
880
693
1,043
6372017
860
890
682
1,043
655Women1979
$574
$580
$533
-
$4951980
571
577
526
-
4891981
569
574
535
-
4941982
584
592
531
-
4961983
592
596
545
-
5051984
597
604
543
-
5021985
603
612
549
-
5011986
623
630
565
-
5161987
627
636
571
-
5201988
629
635
575
-
5191989
628
640
577
-
5151990
631
644
562
-
5071991
644
657
569
-
5141992
653
665
576
-
5191993
658
672
583
-
5241994
655
670
568
-
5011995
651
665
569
-
4891996
652
668
565
-
4931997
658
678
573
-
4851998
688
706
603
-
5081999
698
712
603
-
5132000
703
716
612
$780
5222001
711
725
631
782
5392002
723
747
646
773
5422003
738
758
656
799
5482004
745
759
657
797
5452005
736
750
628
836
5402006
732
743
633
852
5372007
727
742
632
866
5602008
728
747
632
860
5722009
753
766
667
892
5832010
753
770
667
870
5722011
747
767
650
820
5662012
739
759
641
824
5572013
744
761
639
863
5702014
745
761
633
872
5682015
752
769
637
908
5862016
765
782
655
921
5992017
770
795
657
903
603Men1979
$921
$940
$716
-
$6911980
889
909
693
-
6651981
883
909
696
-
6521982
890
917
680
-
6581983
890
908
690
-
6431984
883
903
682
-
6461985
887
911
664
-
6451986
897
927
683
-
6401987
899
932
677
-
6341988
896
928
695
-
6151989
897
923
667
-
6031990
878
901
659
-
5801991
868
891
660
-
5691992
861
883
653
-
5821993
854
878
657
-
5801994
857
898
657
-
5631995
862
907
659
-
5611996
869
905
643
-
5551997
884
908
660
-
5661998
902
928
706
-
5881999
912
941
720
-
5992000
914
944
728
$977
5952001
931
957
735
1,017
6112002
928
959
716
1,033
6162003
929
956
742
1,032
6202004
927
952
740
1,043
6242005
908
935
703
1,038
6152006
906
928
721
1,076
6162007
908
934
711
1,109
6162008
911
942
708
1,103
6382009
938
968
711
1,090
6522010
928
957
713
1,054
6312011
908
934
713
1,059
6232012
913
940
711
1,128
6332013
906
932
700
1,116
6262014
903
930
705
1,119
6382015
927
952
704
1,169
6532016
935
962
733
1,176
6772017
941
971
710
1,207
690Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979–2017 annual averages [In constant 2017 dollars]
Year
Total,25 yearsand older
Less than ahigh schooldiploma
High schoolgraduates, nocollege
Somecollege orassociatedegree
Bachelor'sdegree andhigherTotal1979
$836
$662
$785
$890
$1,0851980
812
631
756
864
1,0681981
800
623
743
842
1,0571982
800
606
738
858
1,0711983
805
601
730
852
1,0821984
815
592
727
860
1,0951985
826
588
725
869
1,1021986
837
595
737
876
1,1241987
834
588
737
872
1,1681988
826
575
735
858
1,1681989
818
569
718
866
1,1671990
819
553
704
869
1,1641991
822
540
699
861
1,1731992
823
534
692
832
1,1961993
822
526
695
827
1,1981994
821
504
691
819
1,2041995
817
495
692
814
1,1971996
811
495
691
808
1,1831997
824
490
704
817
1,1891998
863
508
722
842
1,2381999
873
510
723
855
1,2682000
869
516
720
850
1,2712001
875
531
722
857
1,2792002
883
530
731
859
1,2862003
885
529
741
854
1,2892004
888
521
746
860
1,2822005
875
514
733
843
1,2742006
876
511
726
844
1,2672007
874
507
716
834
1,2702008
869
517
705
824
1,2732009
887
520
717
832
1,3022010
881
500
705
827
1,2882011
870
492
697
807
1,2552012
872
504
697
801
1,2462013
871
497
686
788
1,2582014
869
506
692
789
1,2362015
890
510
702
789
1,2732016
904
515
707
796
1,2862017
907
520
712
798
1,279Women1979
$615
$479
$584
$666
$8331980
605
466
571
656
8241981
605
455
564
662
8261982
623
450
577
670
8461983
629
458
577
676
8661984
637
450
583
687
8781985
645
440
584
691
9021986
660
445
593
707
9341987
665
443
596
718
9651988
669
441
595
719
9681989
672
443
582
726
9711990
673
438
575
721
9761991
681
440
577
720
9891992
687
440
579
699
1,0211993
695
441
581
707
1,0231994
691
422
576
695
1,0411995
686
420
571
684
1,0321996
693
418
569
690
1,0251997
705
420
577
701
1,0261998
732
427
597
718
1,0661999
733
428
597
720
1,0912000
736
434
599
720
1,0782001
754
439
615
722
1,0922002
776
444
626
742
1,1052003
781
440
634
749
1,1122004
779
434
635
750
1,1182005
770
429
620
738
1,1112006
765
437
610
734
1,1042007
765
437
607
722
1,1042008
765
432
594
717
1,0902009
787
438
621
722
1,1112010
793
437
611
718
1,1102011
784
431
605
704
1,0902012
778
413
600
705
1,0712013
780
421
604
692
1,0992014
779
424
599
685
1,0872015
788
433
607
687
1,1012016
801
432
612
703
1,1252017
810
447
610
700
1,131Men1979
$991
$795
$972
$1,038
$1,2491980
963
759
929
1,017
1,2131981
966
743
925
1,010
1,2341982
961
716
914
1,005
1,2301983
955
707
911
991
1,2161984
950
694
899
1,005
1,2661985
965
684
887
1,028
1,2851986
991
687
891
1,039
1,3231987
988
671
876
1,029
1,3521988
972
663
872
1,004
1,3551989
958
663
862
990
1,3511990
934
637
838
989
1,3521991
921
614
827
991
1,3451992
921
603
823
954
1,3591993
930
596
816
958
1,3501994
946
562
814
964
1,3561995
942
556
812
955
1,3541996
934
557
805
942
1,3631997
939
557
817
948
1,3681998
964
578
843
970
1,4161999
985
583
855
981
1,4412000
989
579
843
986
1,4552001
1,000
582
846
1,004
1,4822002
1,000
575
843
999
1,4892003
995
574
840
989
1,5122004
991
580
839
990
1,4862005
970
572
820
964
1,4682006
972
572
827
971
1,4702007
975
570
816
960
1,4732008
978
567
809
947
1,4672009
1,000
573
820
956
1,5202010
984
547
800
952
1,4982011
967
533
786
917
1,4542012
973
543
786
917
1,4662013
961
527
771
904
1,4702014
955
536
778
904
1,4352015
980
538
786
914
1,4702016
990
563
785
915
1,4952017
996
584
797
917
1,481Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2017 annual averages [In constant 2017 dollars]
Year
Total, 16 years and older
16 to 24 years
25 years and olderTotal
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and olderTotal1979
$14.01
$11.01
$9.78
$12.68
$16.12
$16.40
$16.69
$16.28
$15.68
$10.191980
13.69
10.54
9.15
12.19
15.77
16.08
16.36
16.05
15.31
10.111981
13.38
10.31
9.30
11.97
15.56
15.82
16.10
15.61
15.09
10.181982
13.20
9.90
8.80
11.39
15.35
15.53
16.16
15.70
14.94
10.071983
13.12
9.58
8.47
11.01
15.38
15.26
16.22
15.80
15.05
10.331984
13.13
9.41
8.22
10.86
15.41
15.25
16.15
15.95
14.91
10.431985
13.14
9.28
8.00
10.76
15.36
15.08
16.32
16.06
15.05
10.331986
13.28
9.44
7.94
10.84
15.48
15.01
16.68
16.55
15.35
10.641987
13.40
9.50
7.89
10.79
15.45
14.89
16.44
16.27
15.36
10.521988
13.43
9.56
8.04
10.74
15.45
14.83
16.31
16.29
14.93
10.441989
13.39
9.48
8.08
10.82
15.21
14.64
16.40
16.13
14.98
10.381990
13.19
9.42
8.19
10.78
14.89
14.42
16.09
16.04
14.64
10.491991
13.20
9.26
8.26
10.56
14.93
14.15
16.14
16.04
14.42
10.461992
13.26
9.23
8.13
10.36
15.00
14.04
16.12
16.36
14.57
10.551993
13.18
9.23
8.04
10.30
14.99
13.85
16.10
16.52
14.91
10.701994
13.15
9.23
8.06
10.21
14.98
13.76
16.29
16.45
14.81
10.491995
13.09
9.29
8.08
10.29
15.00
13.96
16.06
16.23
14.74
10.661996
13.10
9.27
8.07
10.44
15.01
13.76
15.82
15.98
14.65
10.561997
13.36
9.39
8.41
10.55
15.07
13.80
15.82
16.18
14.85
10.521998
13.73
9.92
8.87
10.92
15.28
14.56
16.38
16.53
15.20
11.161999
14.06
10.13
8.97
11.42
15.44
14.72
16.25
16.71
15.31
11.362000
14.14
10.33
9.14
11.51
15.52
14.52
16.19
16.86
15.44
11.482001
14.15
10.68
9.39
11.64
15.83
14.82
16.62
16.90
15.79
11.852002
14.30
10.67
9.44
11.57
16.16
15.00
16.64
17.02
16.19
12.392003
14.51
10.56
9.26
11.58
16.11
15.04
16.66
17.34
16.30
12.292004
14.30
10.38
9.10
11.42
15.90
14.79
16.76
17.20
16.36
12.512005
14.08
10.15
8.87
11.21
15.70
14.79
16.49
16.96
16.29
12.492006
14.34
10.05
8.82
11.17
15.78
14.57
16.45
17.11
16.26
12.382007
14.16
10.25
8.97
11.45
15.59
14.28
16.50
17.05
16.24
12.292008
13.96
10.13
8.95
11.14
15.76
14.27
16.42
16.97
16.21
12.432009
14.25
10.19
9.07
11.19
15.93
14.43
16.71
17.01
16.84
13.162010
14.08
10.02
9.01
10.73
15.74
14.11
16.45
16.87
16.77
13.012011
13.88
9.79
8.80
10.49
15.41
13.88
16.19
16.38
16.45
13.312012
13.69
9.68
8.66
10.37
15.24
13.71
15.89
16.12
16.46
13.062013
13.62
9.65
8.63
10.36
15.28
13.57
15.79
15.99
16.46
13.142014
13.62
9.90
8.74
10.34
15.34
13.61
15.66
15.95
15.92
13.492015
13.91
10.20
9.16
10.50
15.43
14.08
15.69
16.40
16.47
13.542016
14.30
10.34
9.40
11.02
15.45
14.30
16.11
16.64
16.55
14.072017
14.63
10.68
9.79
11.35
15.65
14.83
16.10
16.72
16.82
14.32Women1979
$11.42
$10.06
$9.56
$11.10
$12.30
$12.74
$12.52
$12.11
$11.83
$9.841980
11.22
9.80
8.92
10.77
12.05
12.61
12.19
12.02
11.59
9.601981
11.12
9.64
9.14
10.62
12.18
12.70
12.39
11.92
11.51
9.641982
11.27
9.24
8.68
10.24
12.27
12.69
12.42
12.10
11.74
9.611983
11.27
8.97
8.33
10.00
12.28
12.77
12.46
12.18
11.90
9.771984
11.19
8.85
8.09
9.82
12.34
12.61
12.64
12.41
11.87
9.841985
11.18
8.74
7.86
9.93
12.48
12.61
12.88
12.55
11.90
9.651986
11.41
8.80
7.82
10.09
12.74
12.74
13.13
12.83
12.31
10.131987
11.59
8.74
7.68
10.12
12.75
12.71
13.15
13.00
12.48
10.041988
11.66
8.94
7.80
10.08
12.85
12.69
13.49
13.15
12.14
10.221989
11.70
8.98
7.85
10.02
12.99
12.80
13.60
13.22
12.22
9.851990
11.75
9.03
7.94
10.16
12.90
12.79
13.45
13.07
12.28
9.951991
11.88
8.94
8.17
10.05
12.92
12.66
13.61
13.40
12.24
10.141992
11.96
8.87
8.06
9.91
13.14
12.80
13.73
13.64
12.37
10.261993
11.93
8.83
7.92
9.98
13.18
12.75
13.67
13.70
12.66
10.351994
11.90
8.74
7.93
9.82
13.22
12.78
13.86
13.89
12.84
10.251995
11.96
8.80
7.92
9.76
13.09
12.69
13.83
13.97
12.71
10.341996
12.06
8.86
7.94
9.77
13.15
12.57
13.87
13.95
12.59
10.061997
12.12
9.08
8.27
10.00
13.36
12.52
13.95
14.14
12.69
10.431998
12.41
9.41
8.72
10.45
13.77
13.27
14.57
14.75
13.35
10.871999
12.74
9.73
8.82
10.65
14.06
13.42
14.50
14.68
13.76
11.062000
12.92
9.99
8.89
11.13
14.11
13.82
14.31
14.52
14.04
11.232001
13.39
10.07
9.18
11.11
14.17
13.81
14.50
15.07
14.43
11.312002
13.51
10.18
9.29
11.08
14.63
13.83
15.00
15.27
14.77
11.932003
13.48
10.15
9.16
10.95
14.72
14.05
14.93
15.76
14.77
11.822004
13.22
10.03
8.92
10.82
14.60
13.81
14.89
15.54
15.05
11.912005
12.97
9.81
8.70
10.69
14.57
13.66
14.89
15.26
14.92
12.352006
12.99
9.74
8.67
10.76
14.48
13.50
14.70
14.95
14.78
12.162007
13.01
9.66
8.78
10.66
14.28
13.28
14.64
15.23
14.49
12.032008
13.12
9.62
8.80
10.46
14.25
13.38
14.71
15.02
14.84
12.022009
13.47
9.83
8.96
10.53
14.62
13.70
14.89
14.99
15.57
12.732010
13.32
9.71
8.91
10.23
14.50
13.56
14.77
15.20
15.41
12.592011
13.08
9.53
8.69
10.00
14.30
13.23
14.67
15.02
15.32
12.842012
12.82
9.39
8.58
9.81
14.09
12.99
14.40
14.76
15.36
12.662013
12.77
9.41
8.52
9.91
14.08
12.89
14.51
14.69
15.31
12.882014
12.62
9.47
8.59
10.12
13.99
12.69
14.51
14.65
14.70
12.922015
13.00
9.88
9.06
10.30
14.41
13.34
14.63
15.32
15.29
13.112016
13.29
10.21
9.26
10.47
14.54
13.36
15.07
15.29
15.42
13.302017
13.56
10.28
9.59
11.00
14.83
14.00
14.92
15.16
15.21
13.88Men1979
$17.82
$12.30
$10.06
$14.64
$21.10
$20.13
$22.46
$22.40
$20.79
$11.231980
17.33
11.65
9.57
13.98
20.51
19.69
22.19
22.10
20.57
10.771981
17.06
11.19
9.45
13.27
20.21
19.04
21.56
22.05
20.47
10.941982
16.75
10.71
8.95
12.52
19.76
18.75
21.74
21.71
19.90
10.901983
16.24
10.28
8.62
11.85
19.51
18.17
21.64
21.50
20.52
11.151984
16.04
10.29
8.38
11.62
19.37
17.75
21.42
21.82
19.95
11.061985
15.97
10.20
8.17
11.39
19.28
17.43
21.35
21.72
19.69
10.871986
16.25
10.26
8.18
11.63
19.31
17.19
21.39
21.73
20.43
11.091987
16.09
10.17
8.18
11.76
18.96
17.10
20.91
21.20
20.12
11.011988
15.79
10.04
8.26
11.56
18.72
16.79
20.40
21.34
19.44
11.021989
15.52
9.90
8.41
11.53
18.60
16.40
20.29
20.84
19.16
11.301990
15.09
9.93
8.47
11.28
17.96
16.11
19.58
20.31
18.56
11.091991
15.12
9.82
8.35
10.97
17.57
15.74
19.33
20.62
17.75
10.951992
14.90
9.71
8.25
10.72
17.29
15.50
18.78
20.65
17.85
11.081993
14.84
9.63
8.16
10.60
17.05
15.24
18.69
20.35
18.36
11.241994
14.78
9.66
8.18
10.77
16.90
14.94
18.88
19.87
18.16
10.901995
14.79
9.68
8.24
10.93
17.20
15.16
19.05
19.74
17.80
10.981996
14.85
9.63
8.19
10.90
16.82
15.13
18.58
19.34
17.39
10.981997
15.01
9.85
8.56
10.96
16.95
15.15
18.43
19.54
18.00
10.631998
15.17
10.42
9.02
11.73
17.68
15.41
18.82
19.67
18.43
11.671999
15.21
10.50
9.12
11.84
17.70
15.99
18.85
20.18
18.01
11.592000
15.42
10.88
9.47
11.97
17.46
15.65
18.74
19.83
18.27
11.852001
15.72
11.12
9.58
12.39
17.89
16.08
19.33
19.79
17.99
12.502002
15.90
11.00
9.59
12.13
17.83
16.24
19.07
19.67
18.28
13.362003
15.90
10.88
9.39
12.03
17.71
16.06
18.89
19.96
18.84
13.092004
15.63
10.68
9.30
11.79
17.87
15.64
18.99
19.65
18.91
12.872005
15.30
10.59
9.07
11.57
17.50
15.31
18.72
19.03
18.60
12.632006
15.46
10.72
9.06
11.89
17.40
15.40
18.37
19.56
18.34
13.072007
15.34
10.82
9.21
11.80
17.48
15.20
17.97
19.14
18.31
13.052008
15.37
10.55
9.11
11.42
17.16
15.38
18.29
19.20
18.15
13.132009
15.76
10.56
9.22
11.44
17.26
15.12
18.44
19.46
18.43
13.752010
15.50
10.37
9.11
11.15
16.94
14.75
17.83
19.02
18.52
13.422011
15.07
10.08
8.91
10.81
16.50
14.39
17.50
18.43
18.64
14.032012
14.84
10.10
8.76
10.66
16.22
14.20
17.17
18.17
18.48
13.942013
14.75
10.19
8.82
10.54
16.09
14.14
17.08
18.09
18.21
13.572014
14.91
10.25
8.94
10.52
16.33
14.59
17.15
18.04
18.09
14.492015
15.19
10.38
9.29
11.01
16.42
14.67
17.06
18.17
18.62
14.652016
15.28
10.46
9.68
11.39
16.60
15.15
17.57
18.42
18.44
15.102017
15.20
10.99
9.88
11.88
17.00
15.15
17.89
18.74
18.60
14.93Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2017 annual averages [In constant 2017 dollars]
Year
Total,16 yearsandolder
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicityTotal1979
$14.01
$14.23
$12.97
-
$12.871980
13.69
13.86
12.61
-
12.611981
13.38
13.45
12.73
-
12.491982
13.20
13.37
12.37
-
12.251983
13.12
13.29
12.09
-
11.951984
13.13
13.29
12.07
-
11.871985
13.14
13.29
11.98
-
11.921986
13.28
13.45
12.42
-
12.101987
13.40
13.58
12.40
-
12.051988
13.43
13.59
12.28
-
11.881989
13.39
13.56
12.32
-
11.631990
13.19
13.38
12.43
-
11.461991
13.20
13.40
12.32
-
11.371992
13.26
13.44
12.13
-
11.431993
13.18
13.35
12.03
-
11.441994
13.15
13.32
11.97
-
11.381995
13.09
13.33
12.28
-
11.221996
13.10
13.37
12.11
-
11.191997
13.36
13.56
12.23
-
11.281998
13.73
13.91
12.65
-
11.951999
14.06
14.37
13.05
-
11.902000
14.14
14.21
13.32
$14.37
12.182001
14.15
14.25
13.58
14.93
12.582002
14.30
14.63
13.57
14.15
12.602003
14.51
14.67
13.57
14.87
13.052004
14.30
14.47
13.25
14.43
12.762005
14.08
14.44
12.79
15.11
12.522006
14.34
14.46
13.00
15.28
12.342007
14.16
14.31
12.90
14.48
12.132008
13.96
14.32
12.79
14.85
12.522009
14.25
14.50
13.33
15.07
12.652010
14.08
14.35
13.25
14.89
12.252011
13.88
14.09
12.87
14.57
12.062012
13.69
13.95
12.66
14.15
11.892013
13.62
13.86
12.54
14.35
11.852014
13.62
14.06
12.31
14.51
12.262015
13.91
14.36
12.48
14.69
12.462016
14.30
14.55
12.76
15.11
12.962017
14.63
14.89
12.90
15.06
13.16Women1979
$11.42
$11.42
$11.20
-
$10.851980
11.22
11.25
11.02
-
10.741981
11.12
11.12
10.88
-
10.651982
11.27
11.27
10.98
-
10.591983
11.27
11.29
11.08
-
10.381984
11.19
11.22
10.97
-
10.471985
11.18
11.20
10.98
-
10.501986
11.41
11.46
11.07
-
10.711987
11.59
11.64
11.18
-
10.581988
11.66
11.70
11.20
-
10.541989
11.70
11.74
11.26
-
10.591990
11.75
11.79
11.37
-
10.581991
11.88
11.90
11.53
-
10.531992
11.96
12.01
11.41
-
10.601993
11.93
11.99
11.51
-
10.571994
11.90
12.05
11.38
-
10.511995
11.96
12.08
11.41
-
10.581996
12.06
12.15
11.23
-
10.561997
12.12
12.21
11.59
-
10.411998
12.41
12.56
11.92
-
10.891999
12.74
12.88
11.99
-
11.002000
12.92
12.97
12.64
$13.94
11.262001
13.39
13.51
12.71
13.99
11.502002
13.51
13.58
12.91
13.80
11.672003
13.48
13.52
13.25
14.28
11.872004
13.22
13.28
12.91
13.75
11.762005
12.97
13.21
12.49
14.64
11.552006
12.99
13.13
12.33
14.57
11.592007
13.01
13.10
12.38
14.02
11.612008
13.12
13.36
12.31
13.98
11.502009
13.47
13.55
12.61
14.51
11.562010
13.32
13.38
12.61
13.98
11.392011
13.08
13.16
12.31
13.97
11.192012
12.82
12.92
12.01
13.64
10.922013
12.77
12.87
12.16
13.74
11.052014
12.62
12.83
11.99
13.71
11.112015
13.00
13.27
12.11
14.29
11.472016
13.29
13.48
12.35
14.37
12.042017
13.56
13.87
12.55
14.23
12.09Men1979
$17.82
$18.26
$15.43
-
$15.111980
17.33
17.70
14.72
-
14.291981
17.06
17.43
15.09
-
13.951982
16.75
17.07
14.60
-
14.011983
16.24
16.60
13.99
-
13.641984
16.04
16.35
13.87
-
13.601985
15.97
16.51
13.40
-
13.221986
16.25
16.66
14.07
-
13.251987
16.09
16.42
13.95
-
13.191988
15.79
16.09
13.85
-
12.991989
15.52
15.86
13.54
-
12.761990
15.09
15.60
13.45
-
12.301991
15.12
15.53
13.33
-
12.111992
14.90
15.27
13.09
-
12.011993
14.84
15.19
12.85
-
11.931994
14.78
15.12
13.00
-
11.771995
14.79
15.42
13.08
-
11.631996
14.85
15.27
12.76
-
11.891997
15.01
15.21
13.24
-
12.061998
15.17
15.35
13.71
-
12.431999
15.21
15.65
14.41
-
12.702000
15.42
15.62
14.24
$15.39
12.902001
15.72
16.12
14.14
16.44
13.432002
15.90
16.20
13.99
15.05
13.552003
15.90
16.08
14.45
15.90
13.412004
15.63
15.81
14.15
15.47
13.032005
15.30
15.69
13.71
16.04
12.822006
15.46
15.71
13.93
16.07
13.222007
15.34
15.66
13.71
15.66
13.122008
15.37
15.81
13.69
16.02
13.502009
15.76
15.98
14.05
16.05
13.652010
15.50
15.73
13.69
15.89
13.212011
15.07
15.31
13.17
15.56
12.892012
14.84
15.16
13.05
15.13
12.792013
14.75
15.01
12.81
15.01
12.632014
14.91
15.40
12.65
15.19
12.832015
15.19
15.46
13.11
15.39
13.372016
15.28
15.45
13.34
15.36
14.132017
15.20
15.79
13.34
16.65
14.37Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 1979–2017 annual averages [In current dollars]
Year
Total,16 yearsand older
16 to 24 years
25 years and olderTotal
16 to 19years
20 to 24years
Total
25 to 34years
35 to 44years
45 to 54years
55 to 64years
65 yearsand olderTotal1979
$241
$172
$144
$186
$265
$255
$280
$276
$262
$1981980
262
187
154
200
286
276
302
298
285
2031981
284
200
161
213
308
296
326
320
309
2221982
302
208
164
220
327
311
354
345
325
2531983
313
211
164
223
343
321
370
367
346
2611984
326
217
169
231
362
335
389
385
366
2721985
344
224
174
240
379
349
406
400
381
2971986
359
232
178
248
391
360
419
416
397
2981987
374
243
186
259
403
373
435
429
405
3101988
385
249
196
266
414
383
450
453
419
3231989
399
259
204
276
427
394
472
472
431
3341990
412
269
209
285
449
407
486
489
457
3431991
426
277
213
291
467
415
498
507
469
3811992
440
276
212
290
479
422
503
522
483
3781993
459
282
214
297
491
436
517
542
492
3931994
467
286
221
300
500
439
537
566
501
3841995
479
292
231
306
510
451
550
582
514
3891996
490
298
240
312
520
463
559
594
535
3841997
503
306
252
321
540
481
579
607
558
3931998
523
319
268
339
572
502
597
620
592
4051999
549
341
281
363
592
518
611
652
604
4042000
576
361
297
383
609
549
625
669
620
4632001
596
375
305
394
630
576
657
693
638
4882002
608
381
305
399
646
591
668
706
674
5022003
620
387
311
402
662
594
687
723
708
5162004
638
390
309
406
683
604
713
743
725
5602005
651
397
318
411
696
610
731
748
742
5692006
671
409
324
423
718
621
748
773
765
5832007
695
424
337
450
738
643
769
790
803
6052008
722
443
349
467
761
666
804
822
825
6442009
739
442
344
464
774
678
817
838
841
6842010
747
432
347
454
782
682
824
844
860
6842011
756
440
352
457
797
693
837
866
881
7422012
768
444
356
464
815
707
858
878
897
7572013
776
454
373
472
827
708
874
883
904
8012014
791
477
378
491
839
726
881
899
911
8242015
809
487
389
501
860
735
900
923
927
8732016
832
501
405
513
885
751
934
955
952
8662017
860
519
424
540
907
773
964
977
974
909Women1979
$182
$154
$132
$161
$195
$199
$196
$192
$189
$1701980
201
167
145
175
213
218
214
209
205
1751981
219
180
154
191
233
239
238
225
222
1891982
239
192
158
201
255
258
258
252
245
2111983
252
198
158
207
268
272
272
264
257
2121984
265
203
162
213
283
285
292
279
270
2191985
277
211
166
221
296
296
307
292
285
2421986
291
219
170
231
308
306
319
308
296
2561987
303
227
172
242
321
316
337
324
308
2611988
315
235
184
251
335
327
354
339
317
2801989
328
246
197
260
351
340
370
357
333
2921990
346
254
198
269
369
356
390
377
348
3001991
366
266
205
280
387
371
407
398
363
3191992
380
267
205
280
400
382
418
417
376
3281993
393
273
205
289
415
395
435
440
395
3351994
399
276
211
290
421
397
448
450
398
3361995
406
275
215
291
428
403
453
464
403
3531996
418
284
223
298
444
415
463
481
420
3341997
431
292
240
306
462
427
482
495
433
3481998
456
305
249
319
485
451
498
516
476
3501999
473
324
266
343
497
470
503
534
492
3702000
493
344
283
366
516
493
521
564
508
3922001
512
353
288
375
543
512
547
587
536
3902002
529
367
295
385
568
530
571
602
574
4302003
552
371
299
387
584
546
590
609
601
4352004
573
375
293
391
599
561
608
625
615
4782005
585
381
304
396
612
573
621
644
639
4922006
600
395
305
413
627
583
645
659
658
5102007
614
409
318
426
646
597
668
677
679
5342008
638
420
322
445
670
623
682
707
711
5632009
657
424
323
445
687
634
709
712
727
6022010
669
422
336
439
704
648
731
730
736
6012011
684
421
328
438
718
662
734
744
749
6642012
691
416
330
429
727
666
747
746
766
6672013
706
423
350
442
740
665
767
761
779
6912014
719
451
357
468
752
679
781
780
780
7402015
726
450
364
468
761
690
804
799
784
7402016
749
486
388
500
784
705
839
836
812
7492017
770
499
402
514
810
724
860
855
856
782Men1979
$292
$196
$155
$211
$314
$295
$336
$338
$312
$2191980
313
208
162
224
339
314
367
367
345
2291981
340
218
168
237
372
340
397
396
377
2661982
364
225
170
244
393
358
422
419
399
3001983
379
223
168
242
407
371
442
444
416
3081984
392
231
174
250
422
382
471
470
439
3281985
407
241
183
258
443
394
487
489
467
3671986
419
246
186
264
463
402
499
506
484
3581987
434
257
196
275
477
412
510
520
495
3801988
449
262
205
279
487
421
517
549
509
3951989
468
271
209
290
500
434
542
569
521
3931990
481
282
218
298
512
449
560
591
546
4031991
493
285
219
300
523
458
576
612
563
4671992
501
284
218
297
536
466
581
634
579
4211993
510
288
221
303
555
476
596
653
586
4511994
522
294
228
307
576
479
617
671
603
4411995
538
303
244
315
588
490
624
685
623
4411996
557
307
251
321
599
499
632
698
643
4771997
579
317
262
338
615
515
651
713
669
4521998
598
334
281
357
639
544
677
732
699
4821999
618
356
291
379
668
577
702
763
725
4702000
641
375
306
395
693
598
728
771
735
5222001
670
391
319
408
720
617
754
799
760
5652002
679
391
312
410
732
627
759
807
802
5832003
695
398
321
412
744
628
775
834
827
6122004
713
400
318
417
762
639
804
857
843
6412005
722
409
330
422
771
644
822
853
855
6442006
743
418
348
435
797
661
836
897
902
6582007
766
443
357
472
823
687
873
909
933
6862008
798
461
369
481
857
704
915
944
943
7532009
819
458
356
479
873
715
916
967
965
7912010
824
443
355
468
874
714
915
954
979
7942011
832
455
370
470
886
717
935
979
997
8212012
854
468
373
482
910
738
957
994
1,005
8602013
860
479
390
492
912
744
956
994
1,011
9372014
871
493
392
507
922
755
964
1,011
1,021
9422015
895
510
407
522
947
770
983
1,040
1,064
1,0032016
915
512
419
523
969
794
1,007
1,075
1,102
9922017
941
547
459
570
996
821
1,062
1,103
1,098
1,016Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2017 annual averages [In current dollars]
Year
Total,16 yearsand older
White
Black orAfricanAmerican
Asian
HispanicorLatino ethnicityTotal1979
$241
$248
$199
-
$1941980
262
269
212
-
2091981
284
291
235
-
2231982
302
310
245
-
2401983
313
320
261
-
2501984
326
336
269
-
2591985
344
356
277
-
2701986
359
371
291
-
2771987
374
384
301
-
2851988
385
395
314
-
2901989
399
409
319
-
2981990
412
424
329
-
3041991
426
442
348
-
3121992
440
458
357
-
3211993
459
475
369
-
3311994
467
484
371
-
3241995
479
494
383
-
3291996
490
506
387
-
3391997
503
519
400
-
3511998
523
545
426
-
3701999
549
573
445
-
3852000
576
590
474
$615
3992001
596
610
491
639
4172002
608
623
498
658
4242003
620
636
514
693
4402004
638
657
525
708
4562005
651
672
520
753
4712006
671
690
554
784
4862007
695
716
569
830
5032008
722
742
589
861
5292009
739
757
601
880
5412010
747
765
611
855
5352011
756
775
615
866
5492012
768
792
621
920
5682013
776
802
629
942
5782014
791
816
639
953
5942015
809
835
641
993
6042016
832
862
678
1,021
6242017
860
890
682
1,043
655Women1979
$182
$184
$169
-
$1571980
201
203
185
-
1721981
219
221
206
-
1901982
239
242
217
-
2031983
252
254
232
-
2151984
265
268
241
-
2231985
277
281
252
-
2301986
291
294
264
-
2411987
303
307
276
-
2511988
315
318
288
-
2601989
328
334
301
-
2691990
346
353
308
-
2781991
366
373
323
-
2921992
380
387
335
-
3021993
393
401
348
-
3131994
399
408
346
-
3051995
406
415
355
-
3051996
418
428
362
-
3161997
431
444
375
-
3181998
456
468
400
-
3371999
473
483
409
-
3482000
493
502
429
$547
3662001
512
522
454
563
3882002
529
547
473
566
3972003
552
567
491
598
4102004
573
584
505
613
4192005
585
596
499
665
4292006
600
609
519
699
4402007
614
626
533
731
4732008
638
654
554
753
5012009
657
669
582
779
5092010
669
684
592
773
5082011
684
703
595
751
5182012
691
710
599
770
5212013
706
722
606
819
5412014
719
734
611
841
5482015
726
743
615
877
5662016
749
766
641
902
5862017
770
795
657
903
603Men1979
$292
$298
$227
-
$2191980
313
320
244
-
2341981
340
350
268
-
2511982
364
375
278
-
2691983
379
387
294
-
2741984
392
401
303
-
2871985
407
418
305
-
2961986
419
433
319
-
2991987
434
450
327
-
3061988
449
465
348
-
3081989
468
482
348
-
3151990
481
494
361
-
3181991
493
506
375
-
3231992
501
514
380
-
3391993
510
524
392
-
3461994
522
547
400
-
3431995
538
566
411
-
3501996
557
580
412
-
3561997
579
595
432
-
3711998
598
615
468
-
3901999
618
638
488
-
4062000
641
662
510
$685
4172001
670
689
529
732
4402002
679
702
524
756
4512003
695
715
555
772
4642004
713
732
569
802
4802005
722
743
559
825
4892006
743
761
591
882
5052007
766
788
600
936
5202008
798
825
620
966
5592009
819
845
621
952
5692010
824
850
633
936
5602011
832
856
653
970
5712012
854
879
665
1,055
5922013
860
884
664
1,059
5942014
871
897
680
1,080
6162015
895
920
680
1,129
6312016
915
942
718
1,151
6632017
941
971
710
1,207
690Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by educational attainment, 1979–2017 annual averages [In current dollars]
Year
Total, 25 years and older
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Some college or associate degree
Bachelor's degree and higherTotal1979
$265
$210
$249
$282
$3441980
286
222
266
304
3761981
308
240
286
324
4071982
327
248
302
351
4381983
343
256
311
363
4611984
362
263
323
382
4861985
379
270
333
399
5061986
391
278
344
409
5251987
403
284
356
421
5641988
414
288
368
430
5851989
427
297
375
452
6091990
449
303
386
476
6381991
467
307
397
489
6661992
479
311
403
484
6961993
491
314
415
494
7151994
500
307
421
499
7331995
510
309
432
508
7471996
520
317
443
518
7581997
540
321
461
535
7791998
572
337
479
558
8211999
592
346
490
580
8602000
609
362
505
596
8912001
630
382
520
617
9212002
646
388
535
629
9412003
662
396
554
639
9642004
683
401
574
661
9862005
696
409
583
670
1,0132006
718
419
595
692
1,0392007
738
428
604
704
1,0722008
761
453
618
722
1,1152009
774
454
626
726
1,1372010
782
444
626
734
1,1442011
797
451
638
739
1,1502012
815
471
652
749
1,1652013
827
472
651
748
1,1942014
839
488
668
761
1,1932015
860
493
678
762
1,2302016
885
504
692
779
1,2592017
907
520
712
798
1,279Women1979
$195
$152
$185
$211
$2641980
213
164
201
231
2901981
233
175
217
255
3181982
255
184
236
274
3461983
268
195
246
288
3691984
283
200
259
305
3901985
296
202
268
317
4141986
308
208
277
330
4361987
321
214
288
347
4661988
335
221
298
360
4851989
351
231
304
379
5071990
369
240
315
395
5351991
387
250
328
409
5621992
400
256
337
407
5941993
415
263
347
422
6111994
421
257
351
423
6341995
428
262
356
427
6441996
444
268
365
442
6571997
462
275
378
459
6721998
485
283
396
476
7071999
497
290
405
488
7402000
516
304
420
505
7562001
543
316
443
520
7862002
568
325
458
543
8092003
584
329
474
560
8322004
599
334
488
577
8602005
612
341
493
587
8832006
627
358
500
602
9052007
646
369
512
609
9322008
670
378
520
628
9552009
687
382
542
630
9702010
704
388
543
638
9862011
718
395
554
645
9982012
727
386
561
659
1,0012013
740
400
573
657
1,0432014
752
409
578
661
1,0492015
761
418
586
664
1,0642016
784
423
599
688
1,1012017
810
447
610
700
1,131Men1979
$314
$252
$308
$329
$3961980
339
267
327
358
4271981
372
286
356
389
4751982
393
293
374
411
5031983
407
301
388
422
5181984
422
308
399
446
5621985
443
314
407
472
5901986
463
321
416
485
6181987
477
324
423
497
6531988
487
332
437
503
6791989
500
346
450
517
7051990
512
349
459
542
7411991
523
349
470
563
7641992
536
351
479
555
7911993
555
356
487
572
8061994
576
342
496
587
8261995
588
347
507
596
8451996
599
357
516
604
8741997
615
365
535
621
8961998
639
383
559
643
9391999
668
395
580
665
9772000
693
406
591
691
1,0202001
720
419
609
723
1,0672002
732
421
617
731
1,0902003
744
429
628
740
1,1312004
762
446
645
761
1,1432005
771
455
652
766
1,1672006
797
469
678
796
1,2052007
823
481
689
810
1,2432008
857
497
709
830
1,2852009
873
500
716
835
1,3272010
874
486
710
845
1,3302011
886
488
720
840
1,3322012
910
508
735
857
1,3712013
912
500
732
858
1,3952014
922
517
751
872
1,3852015
947
520
759
883
1,4202016
969
551
769
896
1,4642017
996
584
797
917
1,481Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by age, 1979–2017 annual averages [In current dollars]
Year
Total,16 yearsandolder
16 to 24 years
25 years and olderTotal
16 to 19years
20 to 24years
Total
25 to 34years
35 to 44years
45 to 54years
55 to 64years
65 yearsandolderTotal1979
$4.44
$3.49
$3.10
$4.02
$5.11
$5.20
$5.29
$5.16
$4.97
$3.231980
4.82
3.71
3.22
4.29
5.55
5.66
5.76
5.65
5.39
3.561981
5.15
3.97
3.58
4.61
5.99
6.09
6.20
6.01
5.81
3.921982
5.40
4.05
3.60
4.66
6.28
6.35
6.61
6.42
6.11
4.121983
5.59
4.08
3.61
4.69
6.55
6.50
6.91
6.73
6.41
4.401984
5.83
4.18
3.65
4.82
6.84
6.77
7.17
7.08
6.62
4.631985
6.03
4.26
3.67
4.94
7.05
6.92
7.49
7.37
6.91
4.741986
6.20
4.41
3.71
5.06
7.23
7.01
7.79
7.73
7.17
4.971987
6.47
4.59
3.81
5.21
7.46
7.19
7.94
7.86
7.42
5.081988
6.73
4.79
4.03
5.38
7.74
7.43
8.17
8.16
7.48
5.231989
6.99
4.95
4.22
5.65
7.94
7.64
8.56
8.42
7.82
5.421990
7.23
5.16
4.49
5.91
8.16
7.90
8.82
8.79
8.02
5.751991
7.50
5.26
4.69
6.00
8.48
8.04
9.17
9.11
8.19
5.941992
7.72
5.37
4.73
6.03
8.73
8.17
9.38
9.52
8.48
6.141993
7.87
5.51
4.80
6.15
8.95
8.27
9.61
9.86
8.90
6.391994
8.01
5.62
4.91
6.22
9.12
8.38
9.92
10.02
9.02
6.391995
8.17
5.80
5.04
6.42
9.36
8.71
10.02
10.13
9.20
6.651996
8.40
5.94
5.17
6.69
9.62
8.82
10.14
10.24
9.39
6.771997
8.75
6.15
5.51
6.91
9.87
9.04
10.36
10.60
9.73
6.891998
9.10
6.58
5.88
7.24
10.13
9.65
10.86
10.96
10.08
7.401999
9.53
6.87
6.08
7.74
10.47
9.98
11.02
11.33
10.38
7.702000
9.91
7.24
6.41
8.07
10.88
10.18
11.35
11.82
10.82
8.052001
10.19
7.69
6.76
8.38
11.40
10.67
11.97
12.17
11.37
8.532002
10.47
7.81
6.91
8.47
11.83
10.98
12.18
12.46
11.85
9.072003
10.85
7.90
6.93
8.66
12.05
11.25
12.46
12.97
12.19
9.192004
11.00
7.98
7.00
8.78
12.23
11.37
12.89
13.23
12.58
9.622005
11.19
8.07
7.05
8.91
12.48
11.76
13.11
13.48
12.95
9.932006
11.76
8.24
7.23
9.16
12.94
11.95
13.49
14.03
13.33
10.152007
11.95
8.65
7.57
9.66
13.16
12.05
13.93
14.39
13.71
10.372008
12.23
8.87
7.84
9.76
13.81
12.50
14.38
14.87
14.20
10.892009
12.44
8.90
7.92
9.77
13.91
12.60
14.59
14.85
14.70
11.492010
12.50
8.90
8.00
9.53
13.98
12.53
14.61
14.98
14.89
11.552011
12.71
8.97
8.06
9.61
14.12
12.71
14.83
15.00
15.07
12.192012
12.80
9.05
8.10
9.70
14.25
12.82
14.86
15.07
15.39
12.212013
12.93
9.16
8.19
9.83
14.50
12.88
14.98
15.17
15.62
12.472014
13.14
9.55
8.43
9.98
14.80
13.13
15.11
15.39
15.36
13.022015
13.44
9.85
8.85
10.14
14.91
13.60
15.16
15.84
15.91
13.082016
14.00
10.12
9.20
10.79
15.13
14.00
15.77
16.29
16.20
13.772017
14.63
10.68
9.79
11.35
15.65
14.83
16.10
16.72
16.82
14.32Women1979
$3.62
$3.19
$3.03
$3.52
$3.90
$4.04
$3.97
$3.84
$3.75
$3.121980
3.95
3.45
3.14
3.79
4.24
4.44
4.29
4.23
4.08
3.381981
4.28
3.71
3.52
4.09
4.69
4.89
4.77
4.59
4.43
3.711982
4.61
3.78
3.55
4.19
5.02
5.19
5.08
4.95
4.80
3.931983
4.80
3.82
3.55
4.26
5.23
5.44
5.31
5.19
5.07
4.161984
4.97
3.93
3.59
4.36
5.48
5.60
5.61
5.51
5.27
4.371985
5.13
4.01
3.61
4.56
5.73
5.79
5.91
5.76
5.46
4.431986
5.33
4.11
3.65
4.71
5.95
5.95
6.13
5.99
5.75
4.731987
5.60
4.22
3.71
4.89
6.16
6.14
6.35
6.28
6.03
4.851988
5.84
4.48
3.91
5.05
6.44
6.36
6.76
6.59
6.08
5.121989
6.11
4.69
4.10
5.23
6.78
6.68
7.10
6.90
6.38
5.141990
6.44
4.95
4.35
5.57
7.07
7.01
7.37
7.16
6.73
5.451991
6.75
5.08
4.64
5.71
7.34
7.19
7.73
7.61
6.95
5.761992
6.96
5.16
4.69
5.77
7.65
7.45
7.99
7.94
7.20
5.971993
7.12
5.27
4.73
5.96
7.87
7.61
8.16
8.18
7.56
6.181994
7.25
5.32
4.83
5.98
8.05
7.78
8.44
8.46
7.82
6.241995
7.46
5.49
4.94
6.09
8.17
7.92
8.63
8.72
7.93
6.451996
7.73
5.68
5.09
6.26
8.43
8.06
8.89
8.94
8.07
6.451997
7.94
5.95
5.42
6.55
8.75
8.20
9.14
9.26
8.31
6.831998
8.23
6.24
5.78
6.93
9.13
8.80
9.66
9.78
8.85
7.211999
8.64
6.60
5.98
7.22
9.53
9.10
9.83
9.95
9.33
7.502000
9.06
7.00
6.23
7.80
9.89
9.69
10.03
10.18
9.84
7.872001
9.64
7.25
6.61
8.00
10.20
9.94
10.44
10.85
10.39
8.142002
9.89
7.45
6.80
8.11
10.71
10.12
10.98
11.18
10.81
8.732003
10.08
7.59
6.85
8.19
11.01
10.51
11.17
11.79
11.05
8.842004
10.17
7.71
6.86
8.32
11.23
10.62
11.45
11.95
11.57
9.162005
10.31
7.80
6.92
8.50
11.58
10.86
11.84
12.13
11.86
9.822006
10.65
7.99
7.11
8.82
11.87
11.07
12.05
12.26
12.12
9.972007
10.98
8.15
7.41
9.00
12.05
11.21
12.36
12.85
12.23
10.152008
11.49
8.43
7.71
9.16
12.48
11.72
12.89
13.16
13.00
10.532009
11.76
8.58
7.82
9.19
12.76
11.96
13.00
13.09
13.59
11.112010
11.83
8.62
7.91
9.08
12.88
12.04
13.12
13.50
13.68
11.182011
11.98
8.73
7.96
9.16
13.10
12.12
13.44
13.76
14.03
11.762012
11.99
8.78
8.02
9.17
13.17
12.15
13.46
13.80
14.36
11.842013
12.12
8.93
8.09
9.40
13.36
12.23
13.77
13.94
14.53
12.222014
12.18
9.14
8.29
9.77
13.50
12.25
14.00
14.14
14.19
12.472015
12.56
9.54
8.75
9.95
13.92
12.89
14.13
14.80
14.77
12.662016
13.01
10.00
9.07
10.25
14.23
13.08
14.75
14.97
15.10
13.022017
13.56
10.28
9.59
11.00
14.83
14.00
14.92
15.16
15.21
13.88Men1979
$5.65
$3.90
$3.19
$4.64
$6.69
$6.38
$7.12
$7.10
$6.59
$3.561980
6.10
4.10
3.37
4.92
7.22
6.93
7.81
7.78
7.24
3.791981
6.57
4.31
3.64
5.11
7.78
7.33
8.30
8.49
7.88
4.211982
6.85
4.38
3.66
5.12
8.08
7.67
8.89
8.88
8.14
4.461983
6.92
4.38
3.67
5.05
8.31
7.74
9.22
9.16
8.74
4.751984
7.12
4.57
3.72
5.16
8.60
7.88
9.51
9.69
8.86
4.911985
7.33
4.68
3.75
5.23
8.85
8.00
9.80
9.97
9.04
4.991986
7.59
4.79
3.82
5.43
9.02
8.03
9.99
10.15
9.54
5.181987
7.77
4.91
3.95
5.68
9.16
8.26
10.10
10.24
9.72
5.321988
7.91
5.03
4.14
5.79
9.38
8.41
10.22
10.69
9.74
5.521989
8.10
5.17
4.39
6.02
9.71
8.56
10.59
10.88
10.00
5.901990
8.27
5.44
4.64
6.18
9.84
8.83
10.73
11.13
10.17
6.081991
8.59
5.58
4.74
6.23
9.98
8.94
10.98
11.71
10.08
6.221992
8.67
5.65
4.80
6.24
10.06
9.02
10.93
12.02
10.39
6.451993
8.86
5.75
4.87
6.33
10.18
9.10
11.16
12.15
10.96
6.711994
9.00
5.88
4.98
6.56
10.29
9.10
11.50
12.10
11.06
6.641995
9.23
6.04
5.14
6.82
10.73
9.46
11.89
12.32
11.11
6.851996
9.52
6.17
5.25
6.99
10.78
9.70
11.91
12.40
11.15
7.041997
9.83
6.45
5.61
7.18
11.10
9.92
12.07
12.80
11.79
6.961998
10.06
6.91
5.98
7.78
11.72
10.22
12.48
13.04
12.22
7.741999
10.31
7.12
6.18
8.03
12.00
10.84
12.78
13.68
12.21
7.862000
10.81
7.63
6.64
8.39
12.24
10.97
13.14
13.90
12.81
8.312001
11.32
8.01
6.90
8.92
12.88
11.58
13.92
14.25
12.95
9.002002
11.64
8.05
7.02
8.88
13.05
11.89
13.96
14.40
13.38
9.782003
11.89
8.14
7.02
9.00
13.25
12.01
14.13
14.93
14.09
9.792004
12.02
8.21
7.15
9.07
13.74
12.03
14.60
15.11
14.54
9.902005
12.16
8.42
7.21
9.20
13.91
12.17
14.88
15.13
14.79
10.042006
12.68
8.79
7.43
9.75
14.27
12.63
15.06
16.04
15.04
10.722007
12.95
9.13
7.77
9.96
14.75
12.83
15.17
16.15
15.45
11.012008
13.46
9.24
7.98
10.00
15.03
13.47
16.02
16.82
15.90
11.502009
13.76
9.22
8.05
9.99
15.07
13.20
16.10
16.99
16.09
12.002010
13.76
9.21
8.09
9.90
15.04
13.10
15.83
16.89
16.45
11.922011
13.80
9.23
8.16
9.90
15.11
13.18
16.03
16.88
17.07
12.852012
13.88
9.44
8.19
9.97
15.17
13.28
16.05
16.99
17.28
13.032013
14.00
9.67
8.37
10.00
15.27
13.42
16.21
17.17
17.28
12.882014
14.39
9.89
8.63
10.15
15.76
14.08
16.55
17.41
17.46
13.982015
14.67
10.03
8.97
10.64
15.86
14.17
16.48
17.55
17.99
14.152016
14.96
10.24
9.48
11.15
16.25
14.83
17.20
18.03
18.05
14.782017
15.20
10.99
9.88
11.88
17.00
15.15
17.89
18.74
18.60
14.93Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2017 annual averages [In current dollars]
Year
Total,16 yearsandolder
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicityTotal1979
$4.44
$4.51
$4.11
-
$4.081980
4.82
4.88
4.44
-
4.441981
5.15
5.18
4.90
-
4.811982
5.40
5.47
5.06
-
5.011983
5.59
5.66
5.15
-
5.091984
5.83
5.90
5.36
-
5.271985
6.03
6.10
5.50
-
5.471986
6.20
6.28
5.80
-
5.651987
6.47
6.56
5.99
-
5.821988
6.73
6.81
6.15
-
5.951989
6.99
7.08
6.43
-
6.071990
7.23
7.33
6.81
-
6.281991
7.50
7.61
7.00
-
6.461992
7.72
7.82
7.06
-
6.651993
7.87
7.97
7.18
-
6.831994
8.01
8.11
7.29
-
6.931995
8.17
8.32
7.66
-
7.001996
8.40
8.57
7.76
-
7.171997
8.75
8.88
8.01
-
7.391998
9.10
9.22
8.39
-
7.921999
9.53
9.74
8.85
-
8.072000
9.91
9.96
9.34
$10.07
8.542001
10.19
10.26
9.78
10.75
9.062002
10.47
10.71
9.93
10.36
9.222003
10.85
10.97
10.15
11.12
9.762004
11.00
11.13
10.19
11.10
9.812005
11.19
11.48
10.17
12.01
9.952006
11.76
11.86
10.66
12.53
10.122007
11.95
12.08
10.89
12.22
10.242008
12.23
12.54
11.20
13.01
10.972009
12.44
12.66
11.64
13.16
11.042010
12.50
12.74
11.77
13.22
10.882011
12.71
12.91
11.79
13.35
11.052012
12.80
13.04
11.84
13.23
11.122013
12.93
13.15
11.90
13.62
11.252014
13.14
13.57
11.88
14.00
11.832015
13.44
13.87
12.06
14.19
12.042016
14.00
14.24
12.49
14.79
12.692017
14.63
14.89
12.90
15.06
13.16Women1979
$3.62
$3.62
$3.55
-
$3.441980
3.95
3.96
3.88
-
3.781981
4.28
4.28
4.19
-
4.101982
4.61
4.61
4.49
-
4.331983
4.80
4.81
4.72
-
4.421984
4.97
4.98
4.87
-
4.651985
5.13
5.14
5.04
-
4.821986
5.33
5.35
5.17
-
5.001987
5.60
5.62
5.40
-
5.111988
5.84
5.86
5.61
-
5.281989
6.11
6.13
5.88
-
5.531990
6.44
6.46
6.23
-
5.801991
6.75
6.76
6.55
-
5.981992
6.96
6.99
6.64
-
6.171993
7.12
7.16
6.87
-
6.311994
7.25
7.34
6.93
-
6.401995
7.46
7.54
7.12
-
6.601996
7.73
7.79
7.20
-
6.771997
7.94
8.00
7.59
-
6.821998
8.23
8.33
7.90
-
7.221999
8.64
8.73
8.13
-
7.462000
9.06
9.09
8.86
$9.77
7.892001
9.64
9.73
9.15
10.07
8.282002
9.89
9.94
9.45
10.10
8.542003
10.08
10.11
9.91
10.68
8.882004
10.17
10.21
9.93
10.57
9.042005
10.31
10.50
9.93
11.64
9.182006
10.65
10.77
10.11
11.95
9.502007
10.98
11.06
10.45
11.83
9.802008
11.49
11.70
10.78
12.25
10.072009
11.76
11.83
11.01
12.67
10.092010
11.83
11.88
11.20
12.41
10.112011
11.98
12.05
11.28
12.80
10.252012
11.99
12.08
11.23
12.75
10.212013
12.12
12.21
11.54
13.04
10.492014
12.18
12.38
11.57
13.23
10.722015
12.56
12.82
11.70
13.80
11.082016
13.01
13.20
12.09
14.07
11.792017
13.56
13.87
12.55
14.23
12.09Men1979
$5.65
$5.79
$4.89
-
$4.791980
6.10
6.23
5.18
-
5.031981
6.57
6.71
5.81
-
5.371982
6.85
6.98
5.97
-
5.731983
6.92
7.07
5.96
-
5.811984
7.12
7.26
6.16
-
6.041985
7.33
7.58
6.15
-
6.071986
7.59
7.78
6.57
-
6.191987
7.77
7.93
6.74
-
6.371988
7.91
8.06
6.94
-
6.511989
8.10
8.28
7.07
-
6.661990
8.27
8.55
7.37
-
6.741991
8.59
8.82
7.57
-
6.881992
8.67
8.89
7.62
-
6.991993
8.86
9.07
7.67
-
7.121994
9.00
9.21
7.92
-
7.171995
9.23
9.62
8.16
-
7.261996
9.52
9.79
8.18
-
7.621997
9.83
9.96
8.67
-
7.901998
10.06
10.18
9.09
-
8.241999
10.31
10.61
9.77
-
8.612000
10.81
10.95
9.98
$10.79
9.042001
11.32
11.61
10.18
11.84
9.672002
11.64
11.86
10.24
11.02
9.922003
11.89
12.03
10.81
11.89
10.032004
12.02
12.16
10.88
11.90
10.022005
12.16
12.47
10.90
12.75
10.192006
12.68
12.88
11.42
13.18
10.842007
12.95
13.22
11.57
13.22
11.072008
13.46
13.85
11.99
14.03
11.832009
13.76
13.95
12.27
14.01
11.922010
13.76
13.97
12.16
14.11
11.732011
13.80
14.02
12.06
14.25
11.812012
13.88
14.17
12.20
14.15
11.962013
14.00
14.24
12.16
14.24
11.992014
14.39
14.86
12.21
14.66
12.382015
14.67
14.93
12.66
14.87
12.922016
14.96
15.13
13.06
15.04
13.832017
15.20
15.79
13.34
16.65
14.37Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000-2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Technical Notes
     
The estimates in this report were obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), which provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment. The survey is conducted monthly for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau using a scientifically selected national sample of about 60,000 eligible households representing all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The survey data on earnings are based on one-fourth of the CPS monthly sample and are limited to wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers, both incorporated and unincorporated, are excluded from the data presented in this report.
The earnings comparisons in this report are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that can help explain earnings differences. This includes the direct comparisons of earnings levels among demographic groups and the women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios shown in the tables (that is, women’s earnings as a percentage of men’s). For example, the overall ratio of women’s-to-men’s earnings for full-time workers presented here is not controlled for differences in important determinants of earnings such as age, occupation, and educational attainment. The earnings comparisons in this report are not restricted to workers with otherwise comparable characteristics and comparable jobs. Even controlling for one of the factors may not fully explain earnings differences. Comparisons of women’s and men’s earnings by detailed occupation, for example, are not simultaneously controlled for differences in key factors such as age, job skills and responsibilities, work experience, and specialization.
Material in this report is in the public domain and may be used without permission. Information in this report will be made available upon request to individuals with sensory impairments. Voice telephone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1 (800) 877-8339.
Concepts and definitions
The principal concepts and definitions used in this report are described briefly below.
*Wage and salary workers* are people age 16 and older who receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payments in kind, or piece rates on their sole or principal job. This group includes employees in both the public and private sectors. All self-employed workers are excluded whether or not their businesses are incorporated.
*Full-time workers* are defined for the purpose of these estimates as those who usually work 35 hours or more per week at their sole or principal job. The federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full- or part-time employment.
*Part-time workers*are defined for the purpose of these estimates as those who usually work fewer than 35 hours per week at their sole or principal job. The federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full- or part-time employment.
*Usual weekly earnings* reflect earnings before taxes and other deductions and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the case of multiple jobholders). Before 1994, respondents were asked how much they usually earned per week. Since January 1994, respondents have been asked to identify the easiest way for them to report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice monthly, monthly, annually, or other) and how much they usually earn in the reported time period. Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly are converted to a weekly equivalent. The term “usual” is determined by each respondent’s own understanding of the term. If the respondent asks for a definition of “usual,” interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months.
*The median of usual weekly earnings* reflects the midpoint in a given earnings distribution, with half of workers having earnings above the median and the other half having earnings below the median.
The BLS procedure for estimating the median of a weekly earnings distribution places each reported or calculated weekly earnings value into a $50-wide interval that is centered around a multiple of $50. The median is calculated through the linear interpolation of the interval in which the median lies.
Changes over time in the medians for specific groups may not necessarily be consistent with the movements estimated for the overall median boundary. The most common reasons for this possible anomaly are as follows:
There could be a change in the relative weights of the subgroups. For example, the median earnings of 16- to 24-year olds and the median earnings of those 25 years and older may rise, but if the lower earning 16- to 24-age group accounts for a greatly increased share of the total, the overall median could actually fall.
There could be a large change in the shape of the distribution of reported earnings, particularly near a median boundary. This change could be caused by survey observations that are clustered at rounded values, such as $700 or $800. An estimate lying in a $50-wide centered interval containing such a cluster tends to change more slowly than one in other intervals. Consider, for example, the calculation of the median for a multipeaked earnings distribution that shifts over time. As such a distribution shifts, the median does not necessarily move at the same rate. Specifically, the median takes relatively more time to move through a frequently reported earnings interval, but once above the upper limit of such an interval, it can move relatively quickly to the next frequently reported interval. BLS procedures for estimating medians mitigate such irregular movements; however, users should be cautious of these effects when evaluating short-term changes in the medians and in ratios of the medians.Workers paid by the hour are employed wage and salary workers who report that they are paid at an hourly rate on their job. Typically, workers paid an hourly wage have made up around 60 percent of all wage and salary workers. Estimates of workers paid by the hour include both full- and part-time workers unless otherwise specified.
*Hourly earnings* data are for wage and salary workers who are paid by the hour and pertain to earnings from a person’s sole or principal job. Hourly earnings for hourly paid workers do not include overtime pay, commissions, or tips received.
*Workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage* include only workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and other nonhourly paid workers are excluded, even though some have earnings that, if converted to hourly rates, would be at or below the federal minimum wage.
The estimates of workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage in this report are based solely on whether the hourly wage they report (which does not include overtime pay, tips, or commissions) is at or below the federal minimum wage. Some respondents might round hourly earnings when answering survey questions. As a result, some workers might report having hourly earnings above or below the federal minimum wage when in fact they earn the minimum wage.
Some workers who reported earnings below the prevailing federal minimum wage may not be covered by federal or state minimum wage laws because of exclusions and exemptions in the statutes. Thus, the presence of workers with hourly earnings below the federal minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) or state statutes in cases where such standards apply. The CPS does not include questions on whether workers are covered by the minimum wage provisions of the FLSA or by individual state or local minimum wage laws.
The estimates presented in this report likely understate the actual number of workers with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage. BLS does not routinely estimate the hourly earnings of workers not paid by the hour because there are data quality concerns associated with constructing such an estimate.
Regular collection of earnings data in the basic CPS began in 1979. The prevailing federal minimum wage from 1979 to the present is as follows, with the last change occurring in 2009.
**Federal minimum wage**
**Effective date**$2.90
January 1, 1979$3.10
January 1, 1980$3.35
January 1, 1981$3.80
April 1, 1990$4.25
April 1, 1991$4.75
October 1, 1996$5.15
September 1, 1997$5.85
July 24, 2007$6.55
July 24, 2008$7.25
July 24, 2009When the minimum wage has increased during a given year, the annual average estimates of the number of minimum wage workers reflect both minimum wage levels in effect during the year. For example, data for 2007 reflect the number of workers who earned the federal minimum wage of $5.15 for January to July and the number of workers who earned the minimum wage of $5.85 for August to December.
*Race* is reported by the household respondent. In accordance with the Office of Management and Budget standards, White, Black or African American, and Asian are terms used to describe a person’s race. Beginning in 2003, people in these categories are those who selected that race group only. Those who identify multiple race groups are categorized as people of Two or More Races. Before 2003, people of Two or More Races identified one group as their main race. For more information on the 2003 changes to questions on race, see “Revisions to the Current Population Survey Effective in January 2003.” Data for other race groups—American Indians and Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders—and for people of Two or More Races are included in totals but not separately identified in this report because the number of survey respondents is too small to develop estimates of acceptable reliability.
*Hispanic or Latino ethnicity* refers to people who identified themselves in the survey process as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. People who identify themselves as Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race and are included in estimates for the race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) in addition to being shown separately.
*Married, spouse present* refers to people in opposite-sex marriages living together in the same household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, on vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, or for other reasons.
*Other marital status* refers to people who are never married; widowed; divorced; separated; married, spouse absent; as well as people in same-sex marriages. Separated includes people with legal separations, those living apart with intentions of obtaining a divorce, and other people permanently or temporarily separated because of marital discord. Married, spouse absent, includes opposite-sex married people living apart because either the husband or wife was employed and living at a considerable distance from home, was serving away from home in the Armed Forces, had moved to another area, or had a different place of residence for any other reason except those listed in the separated definition above.
*Inflation-adjusted earnings* shown in this report use the Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) to convert current dollars to constant, or inflation-adjusted, dollars. BLS has made numerous improvements to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) over the years. Although these improvements make the CPI more accurate, the histories of official CPI series are not adjusted to reflect the improvements. Because many researchers need a historical series that measures price change consistently over time, BLS developed the CPI-U-RS to provide an estimate of the CPI that incorporates most of the methodological improvements made since 1978 into the entire series. For further information, see the CPI research series webpage.
This report uses the most recent version of the CPI-U-RS available at the time of production. Users should note that the CPI-U-RS is subject to periodic revision. As a result, the rate of inflation incorporated into the inflation-adjusted median earnings estimates in this report may differ from the rate used in previous reports in this series or in other publications.
Reliability
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.645 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
Readers should be aware that because of sampling error, apparent differences between estimates for two or more groups or categories may not be statistically significant, and therefore not meaningfully different from one another. Standard errors are shown with many of the median earnings estimates in this report to help readers evaluate differences in earnings estimates.
The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information on all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. Further information about the reliability of data from the CPS is available on the CPS Technical Documentation page of the BLS website.
 Facebook
 Twitter
 LinkedIn


Home
   Subjects
   Data Tools
   Publications
   Economic Releases
   Classroom
   Beta


**U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics**
Division of Information and Marketing Services 
PSB Suite 2850 
2 Massachusetts Avenue NE  
Washington, DC 20212-0001 Telephone:1-202-691-5200 Telecommunications Relay Service:7-1-1 www.bls.gov/OPUB Contact Us
 resources  Inspector General (OIG)
								Budget and Performance	
								Department of Labor Grants									
								No Fear Act
								USA.gov
								Vote.gov
 about the site  Sitemap						
								Freedom of Information Act
								Privacy and Security Statement
								Disclaimers
								Linking and Copyright Info	
								Important Website Notices
								Help and Tutorials
								Babel Notice: accessing language services


Twitter Youtube Email


- Publications
- BLS Reports