1

Introduction

I

n 2007, women who were full-time wage and salary workers 

had median weekly earnings of $614, or about 80 percent of 

the $766 median for their male counterparts. This ratio has 

grown since 1979 (the fi rst year for which comparable earnings 

data are available), when women earned about 62 percent as much 

as men. (See chart 1 and tables 1 and 12.) 

This report presents earnings data from the Current Population 

Survey (CPS), a national monthly survey of approximately 60,000 

households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics. Information on earnings is collected 

from one-fourth of the CPS sample each month. Readers should 

note that the comparisons of earnings in this report are on a broad 

level and do not control for many factors that can be signifi cant 

in explaining earnings differences. For a detailed description of 

the source of the data and an explanation of the concepts and 

defi nitions used, see the accompanying technical note. 

Highlights

Following are some highlights of women’s and men’s earnings 

in 2007:

Full-time workers

• Median weekly earnings were highest for women aged 35 

to 64. Among women in this broad age range, there was 

relatively little difference in the earnings of 55- to 64-yearolds ($679), 45- to 54-year-olds ($677), and 35- to 45-yearolds ($668). Among men, median weekly earnings were 

highest for those aged 55 to 64 ($933), followed closely by 

45-to-54-year-olds ($909). Young women and men aged 16 

to 24 had the lowest earnings. (See table 1.) 

• The difference between women’s and men’s earnings was 

largest among those aged 55 to 64, with women earning 

about 73 percent as much as men in this age group. By 

comparison, women earned 87 percent as much as men 

among workers 25 to 34 years old, and 92 percent as much 

among 16- to 24-year-olds. (See table 1.) 

• Between 1979 and 2007, the earnings gap between women 

and men narrowed for most age groups. The women’sto-men’s earnings ratio among 35- to 44-year-olds, for 

example, rose from 58 percent in 1979 to 77 percent in 

2007, and the ratio for 45- to 54-year-olds increased from 

57 percent to 75 percent. The earnings ratios for teenagers 

and for workers aged 65 and older fl uctuated from 1979 to 

2007, but their long-term trend has been essentially fl at. 

(See table 12.) 

• Earnings differences between women and men in 2007 

were widest for Asians and for whites. Asian women and 

white women earned just under 80 percent as much as 

their male counterparts. By comparison, black women and 

Hispanic women had earnings that were around 90 percent 

of those of their male counterparts. (See table 1 and chart 

2.)

• Asian workers of both sexes earned more than their white, 

black, and Hispanic counterparts in 2007. Among women, 

whites ($626) earned 86 percent as much as Asians ($731), 

while blacks ($533) and Hispanics ($473) earned 73 percent 

and 65 percent as much, respectively. In comparison, white 

men ($788) earned 84 percent as much as Asian men 

($936), black men ($600) earned 64 percent as much, and 

Hispanic men ($520), 56 percent. (See tables 1 and 14, and 

chart 2.)

• Across the major race and Hispanic ethnicity categories, 

women’s infl ation-adjusted earnings grew from 1979 to 

2007 while those for men were mostly fl at or down. (Asians 

are excluded from this analysis because of the limited 

comparable data series available; see note in table 15.) 

Among women, growth in real earnings for white women 

has outpaced that of their black and Hispanic counterparts. 

Between 1979 and 2007, infl ation-adjusted earnings for 

white women rose by 28 percent, while earnings growth 

among black and Hispanic women was 19 percent and 13 

percent, respectively. In contrast, real earnings for white 

and for black men in 2007 were about the same as they 

 Highlights of Women’s 

 Earnings in 2007

U.S. Department of Labor U.S. Department of Labor

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

October 2008 October 2008

Report 1008 Report 1008
2

were in 1979, while Hispanic men’s earnings fell by about 

11 percent. Women’s long-term earnings growth refl ects, 

in part, gains in their education levels and their movement 

into higher paying occupations over time. Although men’s 

educational attainment also has improved since 1979, the 

relative gains have not been as great, nor has the occupational 

distribution of employed men changed as signifi cantly as it 

has for women. (The Consumer Price Index research series 

using current methods—CPI-U-RS—is used to convert 

current dollars to constant dollars for the infl ation-adjusted 

comparisons in this report.) (See table 15.) 

• Median weekly earnings vary signifi cantly by educational 

level. Among women, those with less than a high school 

diploma earned $369 per week in 2007, compared with 

$932 for those with a college degree. Among men, high 

school dropouts had earnings of $481 a week, compared 

with $1,243 for college graduates. (See tables 1 and 6.)

• At all levels of education, women have fared better than 

men with respect to earnings growth. Although both 

women and men with less than a high school diploma have 

experienced a decline in infl ation-adjusted earnings since 

1979, the drop for women was signifi cantly less than that 

for men—9 percent as opposed to 28 percent. Earnings for 

women with college degrees have increased by about 33 

percent since 1979 on an infl ation-adjusted basis, while 

those of male college graduates have risen by 18 percent. 

(See table 17 and chart 3.)

• Women working full time in management, business, and 

fi nancial operations occupations had median weekly 

earnings of $908 in 2007, more than women earned in any 

other major occupational category. The second-highest 

paying job group was professional and related occupations, 

in which women earned $835 per week. In management, 

business, and fi nance, the highest paying occupations 

for women were chief executives and computer and 

information systems managers. Within professional and 

related occupations, women working as pharmacists, 

lawyers, and computer software engineers had the highest 

median weekly earnings. (See table 2.)

• The occupational distributions of male and female full-time 

workers differ signifi cantly. Relatively few women work 

in construction, production, or transportation occupations, 

and women are far more concentrated in administrative 

support jobs. (See table 2 and chart 4.)

• Although women are more likely than men to work 

in professional and related occupations, they are not 

well represented in the higher paying job groups within 

this broad category. In 2007, only 9 percent of female 

professionals were employed in the high-paying computer 

($1,229 per week) and engineering ($1,213 per week) 

fi elds, compared with 43 percent of their male counterparts. 

Instead, professional women were more likely to work in 

the education ($841 per week) and health care ($920 per 

week) occupations, in which pay was generally lower. 

Sixty-seven percent of female professionals worked in 

these fi elds in 2007, compared with 30 percent of male 

professionals. (See table 2.)

• The ratio of female-to-male earnings varied by place of 

residence, ranging from 62 percent in Wyoming to 89 

percent in the District of Columbia. The differences among 

the States refl ect, in part, variation in the occupations and 

industries found in each State and in the age composition 

of each State’s labor force. In addition, sampling error for 

the State estimates is considerably larger than it is for the 

national estimates; thus, comparisons of State estimates 

should be made with caution. (See table 3.) 

• Median weekly earnings for married women and men were 

higher than those for their unmarried counterparts. As a 

group, married workers tend to be older and so are more 

likely to be in their prime earning years. Among married 

workers of both sexes, the earnings of those with children 

under age 18 differed only slightly from those without 

children. Among unmarried workers, women without 

children earned 14 percent more than those with children. 

The opposite was true among unmarried men: those 

with children earned 12 percent more than those with no 

children. (See table 8.)

• Among full-time workers, men were more likely than 

women to work longer hours per week. In 2007, 27 percent 

of men working full time had workweeks of 41 hours 

or more, compared with 15 percent of female full-time 

workers. Women were 3 times as likely as men to work 35 

to 39 hours per week—12 percent as opposed to 4 percent. 

A majority of both male and female full-time workers had 

a 40-hour workweek. (See table 5.)

Part-time workers

• Women are more likely than men to work part time, that is, 

fewer than 35 hours per week. Women who worked part time 

made up nearly 25 percent of all female wage and salary 

workers in 2007. In contrast, only about 10 percent of men 

in wage and salary jobs worked part time. These proportions 

have not changed much over time. (See tables 4 and 5.) 

• Median weekly earnings of female part-time workers were 

$218, compared with $203 for their male counterparts. The 

lower earnings for men in part refl ect the fact that male parttime workers are more highly concentrated in the youngest 

age groups, which typically have low earnings. About half 

of male part-timers were 16 to 24 years old, compared with 
3

just under a third of female part-timers. (See table 4.) 

Workers paid by the hour

• Sixty-one percent of women and 56 percent of men 

employed in wage and salary jobs were paid by the hour 

in 2007. Women who were paid hourly rates had median 

hourly earnings of $10.98, 85 percent of the median for men 

paid by the hour ($12.95). (See tables 5, 9, 10, and 18–21.)

• Among workers who were paid hourly rates in 2007, 3.1 

percent of women and 1.4 percent of men had hourly 

earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage. 

On July 24, 2007, the Federal minimum wage level rose 

from $5.15 to $5.85 an hour. Data in this report refl ect the 

average number of workers who earned $5.15 or less from 

January 2007 through July 2007 and those who earned $5.85 

or less from August 2007 through the end of the year. (See 

tables 11 and 22, as well as the accompanying technical 

note, for information about workers with earnings below 

the Federal minimum wage.)

• Hourly paid workers aged 16 to 19 were the most likely 

to have earnings at or below the minimum wage. Seven 

percent of teenage workers earned the prevailing Federal 

minimum wage or less, compared with just 1.5 percent of 

hourly paid workers aged 25 and older. Among those aged 

20 to 24, about 4 percent had earnings at or below the 

minimum wage. (See table 11.)
4

 Chart 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in constant (2007) dollars, by sex, 

 1979–2007 annual averages

Men’s earnings

Women’s earnings as a percent of men’s

Women’s earnings

Earnings 

(dollars) Percent

800

750

700

650

600

550

500

450

400

1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

100

 95

 90

85

 80

 75

 70

 65

 60

 55

 50

Chart 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino

 ethnicity, 2007 annual averages

Earnings 

(dollars)

1,000

 800

 600

 400

 200

 0

Earnings 

(dollars)

1,000

 800

 600

 400

 200

 0

Total Black or

African American

White Asian Hispanic 

or

Latino

Women

Men

$614

$766

$626

$788

$533

$600

$731

$936

$473

$520
5

Women

Men

Percent 

distribution

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

 5

 0

Management, 

business, 

and fi nancial 

operations 

occupations

Professional 

and related 

occupations

Offi ce and 

administrative 

support 

occupations

Natural 

resources, 

construction, and 

maintenance 

occupations

Production, 

transportation, 

and materialmoving

occupations

Service 

occupations

Sales and 

related 

occupations

15.5 14.4

26.9

17.5

15.6

12.2

9.9 9.6

24.0

6.6

1.0

19.9

7.1

19.8

Percent 

distribution

Highest educational level

Bachelor’s 

degree and 

higher

Some college 

or associate 

degree

High school, 

no college

Less than a 

high school 

diploma

–40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 40

Women

Men

–7.4

–15.9

–28.2

–8.7

32.8

18.0

8.6

4.1

Chart 3. Change in constant-dollar median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment and sex, 

 from 1979 to 2007 

NOTE: Data relate to earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older.

Chart 4. Distribution of full-time wage and salary employment, by sex and major occupation group, 

 2007 annual averages 

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

 5

 0
6

Statistical Tables

Page

1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics,

 2007 annual averages ................................................................................................................................................................ 8

 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,

 2007 annual averages ............................................................................................................................... ................................. 10

 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by State and sex, 2007 annual 

 averages ... .................................................................................................................................................................................. 36

 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics,

 2007 annual averages ................................................................................................................................................................. 38

 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours usually worked and sex, 

 2007 annual averages ................................................................................................................................................................. 40

 6. Quartiles and selected deciles of usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by

 selected characteristics, 2007 annual averages ......................................................................................................................... 42

 7. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected characteristics,

 2007 annual averages . ............................................................................................................................................................... 43

 8. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by sex, marital status, and presence 

 and age of own children under 18 years old, 2007 annual averages ......................................................................................... 45

 9. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected characteristics,

 2007 annual averages ................................................................................................................................................................ 46

10. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and selected characteristics,

 2007 annual averages ................................................................................................................................................................ 48

11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage,

 by selected characteristics, 2007 annual averages .................................................................................................................... 50

12. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex and age,

 1979–2007 annual averages ...................................................................................................................................................... 52

13. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2007) dollars, by sex and

 age, 1979–2007 annual averages ............................................................................................................................................... 56

14. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex, race, and

 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2007 annual averages ........................................................................................................ 59

15. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2007) dollars, by sex, race, 

 and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2007 annual averages ................................................................................................. 63

16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, in current dollars, by

 sex and educational attainment, 1979–2007 annual averages .................................................................................................. 66
7

Statistical Tables, continued

Page

 

17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, in constant (2007) 

 dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2007 annual averages ................................................................................. 70

18. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex and age,

 1979–2007 annual averages ...................................................................................................................................................... 73

19. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2007) dollars, by sex and

 age, 1979–2007 annual averages .............................................................................................................................................. 77

20. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex, race, and

 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2007 annual averages ....................................................................................................... 80

21. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2007) dollars, by sex,

 race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2007 annual averages ........................................................................................ 84

22. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage,

 by sex, 1979–2007 annual averages .......................................................................................................................................... 87
Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected 

characteristics, 2007 annual averages 

AGE

Total, 16 years and older................................ 107,339 $695 $2 47,041 $614 $2

16 to 24 years........................................................ 11,250 424 2 4,792 409 3

16 to 19 years..................................................... 1,673 337 5 646 318 4

20 to 24 years..................................................... 9,577 450 3 4,146 426 4

25 years and older................................................. 96,089 738 2 42,249 646 2

25 to 34 years..................................................... 25,869 643 3 10,934 597 3

35 to 44 years..................................................... 26,999 769 4 11,534 668 5

45 to 54 years..................................................... 26,693 790 4 12,193 677 5

55 to 64 years..................................................... 14,196 803 7 6,625 679 7

65 years and older.............................................. 2,332 605 8 964 534 12

RACE AND HISPANIC OR

LATINO ETHNICITY

White...................................................................... 86,653 716 2 36,764 626 2

Black or African American...................................... 13,061 569 4 6,874 533 6

Asian...................................................................... 5,155 830 12 2,297 731 10

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................... 16,201 503 2 5,953 473 5

MARITAL STATUS

Never married........................................................ 28,145 557 3 12,040 526 4

Married, spouse present........................................ 60,926 781 3 24,567 665 3

Other marital status................................................ 18,268 647 4 10,434 603 3

Divorced............................................................. 12,171 689 5 7,022 627 5

Separated........................................................... 4,407 560 8 2,162 516 6

Widowed............................................................. 1,689 614 9 1,250 589 10

UNION AFFILIATION1

Members of unions ............................................. 14,201 863 5 5,880 790 7

Represented by unions ........................................ 15,570 857 5 6,591 784 7

Not represented by a union.................................... 91,769 663 2 40,450 592 2

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Total, 25 years and older....................................... 96,089 738 2 42,249 646 2

Less than a high school diploma........................ 8,746 428 4 2,756 369 3

High school, no college ................................... 27,997 604 2 11,744 512 2

Some college or associate degree..................... 26,190 704 3 12,475 609 3

Bachelor's degree and higher .......................... 33,157 1,072 5 15,274 932 4

See footnotes at end of table.

Both sexes Women

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

4

Characteristic

5

3

2

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

8
Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by

selected characteristics, 2007 annual averages—Continued 

Men

AGE

Total, 16 years and older................................ 60,298 $766 $2 80.2

16 to 24 years........................................................ 6,458 443 5 92.3

16 to 19 years..................................................... 1,027 357 7 89.1

20 to 24 years..................................................... 5,431 472 4 90.3

25 years and older................................................. 53,840 823 3 78.5

25 to 34 years..................................................... 14,935 687 4 86.9

35 to 44 years..................................................... 15,466 873 6 76.5

45 to 54 years..................................................... 14,500 909 6 74.5

55 to 64 years..................................................... 7,571 933 8 72.8

65 years and older.............................................. 1,368 686 28 77.8

RACE AND HISPANIC OR

LATINO ETHNICITY

White...................................................................... 49,889 788 3 79.4

Black or African American...................................... 6,186 600 5 88.8

Asian...................................................................... 2,858 936 13 78.1

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................... 10,248 520 3 91.0

MARITAL STATUS

Never married........................................................ 16,105 579 3 90.8

Married, spouse present........................................ 36,359 886 4 75.1

Other marital status................................................ 7,834 724 7 83.3

Divorced............................................................. 5,149 774 9 81.0

Separated........................................................... 2,246 601 8 85.9

Widowed............................................................. 439 739 39 79.7

UNION AFFILIATION1 

Members of unions ............................................. 8,321 913 6 86.5

Represented by unions ........................................ 8,979 910 5 86.2

Not represented by a union.................................... 51,319 738 3 80.2

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Total, 25 years and older....................................... 53,840 823 3 78.5

Less than a high school diploma........................ 5,990 481 3 76.7

High school, no college ................................... 16,253 689 4 74.3

Some college or associate degree..................... 13,715 810 5 75.2

Bachelor's degree and higher .......................... 17,883 1,243 6 75.0

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Women's

earnings 

 as

percent

of men's 

4

Characteristic

5

3

2

1 Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety

of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of

male and female employees by occupation, industry, firm size, or geographic region.

 2 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.

3 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union, as well as

to workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee

association contract. 

 4

 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

 5

 Includes persons with a bachelor's, master's, professional, or doctoral degree.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not

sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as

Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Standard

error 

of

median 

9
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 

2007 annual averages 

Total, 16 years and older.......................................... 107,339 $695 $2 47,041 $614 $2

Management, professional, and related occupations...... 39,147 996 4 19,924 858 4

Management, business, and financial 

 operations occupations.......................................... 15,977 1,080 9 7,293 908 8

Management occupations.................................... 11,009 1,161 6 4,438 963 9

Chief executives............................................. 1,043 1,882 13 267 1,536 51

General and operations managers..................... 893 1,221 34 249 987 55

Legislators...................................................... 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Advertising and promotions managers.................. 69 965 27 41 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Marketing and sales managers........................... 784 1,319 49 296 1,028 38

Public relations managers................................. 60 1,145 124 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Administrative services managers........................ 97 1,057 95 28 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Computer and information systems managers...... 444 1,553 39 123 1,363 175

Financial managers.......................................... 1,070 1,078 35 575 909 29

Human resources managers.............................. 238 1,208 61 166 1,073 95

Industrial production managers........................... 253 1,216 41 41 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Purchasing managers....................................... 154 1,240 45 64 1,054 55

Transportation, storage, and 

 distribution managers.................................... 252 845 38 43 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers......... 86 713 42 19 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Construction managers.................................... 546 1,143 24 48 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Education administrators.................................. 713 1,131 18 454 960 23

Engineering managers....................................... 116 1,713 81 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Food service managers.................................... 646 645 24 308 584 18

Funeral directors.............................................. 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Gaming managers............................................ 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Lodging managers.......................................... 104 696 43 56 618 29

Medical and health services managers.................. 448 1,136 26 326 1,063 27

Natural sciences managers.............................. 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Postmasters and mail superintendents.................. 35 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Property, real estate, and

 community association managers........... ......... 338 787 38 197 732 20

Social and community service managers............... 269 962 46 164 913 32

Managers, all other.......................................... 2,296 1,180 21 897 1,006 26

Business and financial operations occupations......... 4,968 941 8 2,854 832 11

Agents and business managers of

 artists, performers, and athletes........................ 23 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products...... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Wholesale and retail buyers,

 except farm products....................................... 157 750 33 81 737 31

Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and 

 farm products................................................ 260 854 44 148 753 34

Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners,

 and investigators.......................................... 270 809 27 164 743 23

Compliance officers, except agriculture, 

 construction, health and safety, and 

 transportation................................................ 125 936 52 63 747 53

Cost estimators................................................ 104 1,034 36 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Human resources, training, and labor relations 

 specialists................................................... 731 875 24 517 811 22

Logisticians................................................... 53 990 97 22 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Management analysts....................................... 352 1,200 85 166 1,083 38

Meeting and convention planners........................ 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 26 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Other business operations specialists.................. 195 834 35 136 772 23

 See footnotes at end of table.

Both sexes Women

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Standard

error 

of

median 

10
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed 

occupation and sex, 2007 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Total, 16 years and older.................................................. 60,298 $766 $2 80.2

Management, professional, and related occupations...... 19,222 1,187 8 72.3

Management, business, and financial 

 operations occupations.......................................... 8,684 1,261 9 72.0

Management occupations.................................... 6,570 1,337 12 72.0

Chief executives............................................. 776 1,918 28 80.1

General and operations managers..................... 644 1,332 45 74.1

Legislators...................................................... 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Advertising and promotions managers.................. 29 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Marketing and sales managers........................... 488 1,511 44 68.0

Public relations managers................................. 29 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Administrative services managers........................ 69 1,068 130 ( 2 )

Computer and information systems managers...... 321 1,596 69 85.4

Financial managers.......................................... 495 1,452 86 62.6

Human resources managers.............................. 72 1,581 55 67.9

Industrial production managers........................... 211 1,244 34 ( 2 )

Purchasing managers....................................... 90 1,374 137 76.7

Transportation, storage, and 

 distribution managers.................................... 208 836 38 ( 2 )

Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers......... 67 693 41 ( 2 )

Construction managers.................................... 497 1,155 26 ( 2 )

Education administrators.................................. 259 1,371 45 70.0

Engineering managers....................................... 107 1,748 56 ( 2 )

Food service managers.................................... 338 731 20 79.9

Funeral directors.............................................. 22 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Gaming managers............................................ 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Lodging managers.......................................... 48 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Medical and health services managers.................. 122 1,414 89 75.2

Natural sciences managers.............................. 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Postmasters and mail superintendents.................. 19 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Property, real estate, and

 community association managers........... ......... 140 970 46 75.5

Social and community service managers............... 105 1,063 202 85.9

Managers, all other.......................................... 1,399 1,307 39 77.0

Business and financial operations occupations......... 2,114 1,131 13 73.6

Agents and business managers of

 artists, performers, and athletes........................ 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products...... 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Wholesale and retail buyers,

 except farm products....................................... 77 794 124 92.8

Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and 

 farm products................................................ 112 992 46 75.9

Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners,

 and investigators.......................................... 106 898 49 82.7

Compliance officers, except agriculture, 

 construction, health and safety, and 

 transportation................................................ 62 1,124 149 66.5

Cost estimators................................................ 89 1,063 43 ( 2 )

Human resources, training, and labor relations 

 specialists................................................... 215 1,037 35 78.2

Logisticians................................................... 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Management analysts....................................... 186 1,388 71 78.0

Meeting and convention planners........................ 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Other business operations specialists.................. 59 1,026 62 75.2

 See footnotes at end of table.

Women's

earnings 

 as

percent

of men's 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Occupation

11
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 

2007 annual averages—Continued

Accountants and auditors................................. 1,519 $968 $16 942 $858 $21

Appraisers and assessors of real estate............... 67 960 120 22 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Budget analysts............................................. 53 1,124 64 33 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Credit analysts................................................ 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Financial analysts............................................. 76 1,232 38 25 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Personal financial advisors................................. 260 1,204 76 89 1,047 52

Insurance underwriters.................................... 91 979 66 65 865 26

Financial examiners.......................................... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Loan counselors and officers.............................. 408 938 24 219 844 32

Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents...... 59 837 49 33 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Tax preparers................................................ 52 761 47 32 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Financial specialists, all other.............................. 43 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Professional and related occupations........................ 23,170 951 4 12,632 835 5

Computer and mathematical occupations............... 3,117 1,229 14 790 1,047 29

Computer scientists and systems analysts............ 712 1,173 29 201 1,041 66

Computer programmers.................................... 485 1,232 22 124 1,074 82

Computer software engineers........................... 872 1,455 27 178 1,318 74

Computer support specialists.............................. 273 877 35 73 764 48

Database administrators.................................... 101 1,345 38 37 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Network and computer systems administrators...... 205 1,180 37 27 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Network systems and data communications

 analysts...................................................... 328 1,039 51 91 853 31

Actuaries...................................................... 18 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Mathematicians................................................ 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Operations research analysts.............................. 85 1,182 86 38 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Statisticians................................................... 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Miscellaneous mathematical 

 science occupations....................................... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Architecture and engineering occupations............... 2,633 1,213 18 384 981 22

Architects, except naval.................................... 160 1,151 44 40 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Surveyors, cartographers, and

 photogrammetrists....................................... 36 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Aerospace engineers....................................... 127 1,557 65 13 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Agricultural engineers....................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Biomedical engineers....................................... 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Chemical engineers.......................................... 72 1,410 89 18 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Civil engineers................................................ 330 1,337 30 35 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Computer hardware engineers........................... 66 1,325 87 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Electrical and electronics engineers..................... 325 1,454 31 32 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Environmental engineers.................................... 29 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Industrial engineers, including health and safety... 163 1,223 43 28 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Marine engineers and naval architects.................. 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Materials engineers.......................................... 36 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Mechanical engineers....................................... 281 1,354 33 22 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Mining and geological engineers, including

 mining safety engineers................................. 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Nuclear engineers.......................................... 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Petroleum engineers....................................... 19 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Engineers, all other.......................................... 310 1,350 34 35 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Drafters......................................................... 161 823 38 35 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Engineering technicians, except drafters............... 405 902 28 90 781 28

Surveying and mapping technicians..................... 75 748 31 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Life, physical, and social science occupations......... 1,152 1,053 25 469 939 27

Agricultural and food scientists........................... 17 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

 See footnotes at end of table.

Both sexes Women

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Standard

error 

of

median 

12
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed 

occupation and sex, 2007 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Accountants and auditors................................. 577 $1,186 $46 72.3

Appraisers and assessors of real estate............... 45 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Budget analysts............................................. 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Credit analysts................................................ 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Financial analysts............................................. 51 1,238 78 ( 2 )

Personal financial advisors................................. 171 1,377 145 76.0

Insurance underwriters.................................... 26 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Financial examiners.......................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Loan counselors and officers.............................. 189 1,129 58 74.8

Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents...... 26 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Tax preparers................................................ 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Financial specialists, all other.............................. 13 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Professional and related occupations........................ 10,538 1,148 5 72.7

Computer and mathematical occupations............... 2,326 1,294 24 80.9

Computer scientists and systems analysts............ 511 1,243 31 83.7

Computer programmers.................................... 361 1,268 26 84.7

Computer software engineers........................... 694 1,509 43 87.3

Computer support specialists.............................. 200 905 41 84.4

Database administrators.................................... 64 1,400 50 ( 2 )

Network and computer systems administrators...... 178 1,204 29 ( 2 )

Network systems and data communications

 analysts...................................................... 237 1,181 49 72.2

Actuaries...................................................... 13 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Mathematicians................................................ 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Operations research analysts.............................. 47 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Statisticians................................................... 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Miscellaneous mathematical 

 science occupations....................................... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Architecture and engineering occupations............... 2,249 1,258 15 78.0

Architects, except naval.................................... 120 1,296 140 ( 2 )

Surveyors, cartographers, and

 photogrammetrists....................................... 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Aerospace engineers....................................... 114 1,637 42 ( 2 )

Agricultural engineers....................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Biomedical engineers....................................... 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Chemical engineers.......................................... 54 1,495 47 ( 2 )

Civil engineers................................................ 295 1,358 28 ( 2 )

Computer hardware engineers........................... 63 1,352 76 ( 2 )

Electrical and electronics engineers..................... 292 1,483 49 ( 2 )

Environmental engineers.................................... 18 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Industrial engineers, including health and safety... 135 1,250 70 ( 2 )

Marine engineers and naval architects.................. 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Materials engineers.......................................... 34 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Mechanical engineers....................................... 259 1,349 41 ( 2 )

Mining and geological engineers, including

 mining safety engineers................................. 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Nuclear engineers.......................................... 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Petroleum engineers....................................... 18 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Engineers, all other.......................................... 275 1,373 45 ( 2 )

Drafters......................................................... 126 885 45 ( 2 )

Engineering technicians, except drafters............... 315 958 32 81.5

Surveying and mapping technicians..................... 68 750 31 ( 2 )

Life, physical, and social science occupations......... 683 1,151 22 81.6

Agricultural and food scientists........................... 13 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

 See footnotes at end of table.

Occupation

Women's

earnings 

 as

percent

of men's 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

13
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 

2007 annual averages—Continued

Biological scientists.......................................... 81 $1,004 $34 34 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Conservation scientists and foresters.................. 29 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Medical scientists............................................. 145 1,098 64 66 $856 $33

Astronomers and physicists.............................. 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Atmospheric and space scientists........................ 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Chemists and materials scientists........................ 120 1,149 41 53 980 30

Environmental scientists and geoscientists............ 78 1,080 158 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Physical scientists, all other.............................. 120 1,371 99 41 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Economists................................................... 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Market and survey researchers........................... 122 1,062 49 68 1,035 41

Psychologists................................................ 100 1,170 65 63 1,152 55

Sociologists................................................... 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Urban and regional planners.............................. 29 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Miscellaneous social scientists and related

 workers......................................................... 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Agricultural and food science technicians............ 19 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Biological technicians....................................... 19 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Chemical technicians....................................... 57 785 29 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Geological and petroleum technicians.................. 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Nuclear technicians.......................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Other life, physical, and social science

 technicians................................................... 117 749 28 41 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Community and social services occupations............ 1,893 755 8 1,117 720 12

Counselors...................................................... 577 760 13 375 724 19

Social workers................................................ 587 757 15 475 754 17

Miscellaneous community and social service 

 specialists................................................... 272 680 33 169 636 19

Clergy............................................................ 359 797 37 46 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Directors, religious activities and education............ 35 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Religious workers, all other................................. 62 668 88 32 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Legal occupations............................................. 1,167 1,148 20 663 930 27

Lawyers......................................................... 624 1,591 67 231 1,381 84

Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers...... 67 1,728 439 26 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Paralegals and legal assistants........................... 285 797 42 251 789 42

Miscellaneous legal support workers.................. 192 722 33 155 662 22

Education, training, and library occupations............ 6,500 841 6 4,690 784 7

Postsecondary teachers.................................... 860 1,131 20 370 962 28

Preschool and kindergarten teachers.................. 488 567 23 473 561 24

Elementary and middle school teachers............... 2,595 863 8 2,081 847 8

Secondary school teachers................................. 1,028 944 19 558 900 18

Special education teachers................................. 323 881 23 265 886 24

Other teachers and instructors........................... 335 766 21 188 685 38

Archivists, curators, and museum technicians......... 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 23 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Librarians...................................................... 169 861 25 134 846 29

Library technicians.......................................... 22 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Teacher assistants.......................................... 600 410 9 553 406 8

Other education, training, and library workers......... 49 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 34 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media 

 occupations...................................................... 1,568 829 16 689 732 15

Artists and related workers................................. 78 953 58 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Designers...................................................... 553 776 23 275 697 21

Actors............................................................ 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Producers and directors.................................... 93 1,008 58 29 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers... 119 773 54 25 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

 See footnotes at end of table.

Both sexes Women

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Standard

error 

of

median 

14
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed 

occupation and sex, 2007 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Biological scientists.......................................... 46 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Conservation scientists and foresters.................. 25 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Medical scientists............................................. 78 $1,374 $71 62.3

Astronomers and physicists.............................. 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Atmospheric and space scientists........................ 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Chemists and materials scientists........................ 67 1,354 52 72.4

Environmental scientists and geoscientists............ 58 1,159 57 ( 2 )

Physical scientists, all other.............................. 78 1,531 126 ( 2 )

Economists................................................... 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Market and survey researchers........................... 54 1,160 69 89.2

Psychologists................................................ 38 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Sociologists................................................... 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Urban and regional planners.............................. 24 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Miscellaneous social scientists and related

 workers......................................................... 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Agricultural and food science technicians............ 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Biological technicians....................................... 13 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Chemical technicians....................................... 37 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Geological and petroleum technicians.................. 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Nuclear technicians.......................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Other life, physical, and social science

 technicians................................................... 76 833 48 ( 2 )

Community and social services occupations............ 776 807 21 89.2

Counselors...................................................... 202 833 37 86.9

Social workers................................................ 112 764 26 98.7

Miscellaneous community and social service 

 specialists................................................... 103 788 69 80.7

Clergy............................................................ 313 832 29 ( 2 )

Directors, religious activities and education............ 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Religious workers, all other................................. 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Legal occupations............................................. 505 1,579 71 58.9

Lawyers......................................................... 393 1,783 96 77.5

Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers...... 41 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Paralegals and legal assistants........................... 34 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Miscellaneous legal support workers.................. 37 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Education, training, and library occupations............ 1,810 1,007 15 77.9

Postsecondary teachers.................................... 491 1,239 25 77.6

Preschool and kindergarten teachers.................. 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Elementary and middle school teachers............... 514 938 19 90.3

Secondary school teachers................................. 471 1,001 19 89.9

Special education teachers................................. 58 860 43 103.0

Other teachers and instructors........................... 147 987 25 69.4

Archivists, curators, and museum technicians......... 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Librarians...................................................... 35 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Library technicians.......................................... 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Teacher assistants.......................................... 47 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Other education, training, and library workers......... 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media 

 occupations...................................................... 879 920 26 79.6

Artists and related workers................................. 47 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Designers...................................................... 278 894 50 78.0

Actors............................................................ 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Producers and directors.................................... 64 988 76 ( 2 )

Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers... 94 798 57 ( 2 )

 See footnotes at end of table.

Occupation

Women's

earnings 

 as

percent

of men's 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

15
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 

2007 annual averages—Continued

Dancers and choreographers.............................. 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Musicians, singers, and related workers............... 32 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Entertainers and performers, sports and related

 workers, all other................................... 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Announcers................................................... 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

News analysts, reporters and correspondents...... 63 $943 $99 27 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Public relations specialists................................. 110 851 140 70 $804 $50

Editors......................................................... 134 931 35 59 804 173

Technical writers............................................. 47 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 25 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Writers and authors.......................................... 80 999 23 46 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Miscellaneous media and communication workers... 37 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 25 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and

 radio operators........................... .................. 70 864 184 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Photographers................................................ 61 660 93 26 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Television, video, and motion picture camera

 operators and editors....................................... 25 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations...... 5,140 920 8 3,830 875 8

Chiropractors................................................... 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Dentists......................................................... 36 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 17 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Dietitians and nutritionists................................. 76 734 55 70 720 43

Optometrists................................................... 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Pharmacists................................................... 172 1,838 41 87 1,603 118

Physicians and surgeons................................. 611 1,475 59 197 1,062 89

Physician assistants.......................................... 71 1,211 174 48 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Podiatrists...................................................... 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Registered nurses.......................................... 1,965 984 11 1,773 976 12

Audiologists................................................... 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Occupational therapists.................................... 51 1,099 48 40 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Physical therapists.......................................... 139 1,143 26 79 1,096 51

Radiation therapists.......................................... 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Recreational therapists.................................... 17 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Respiratory therapists....................................... 77 896 23 50 881 24

Speech-language pathologists........................... 84 1,037 32 82 1,039 31

Therapists, all other.......................................... 73 730 49 53 729 88

Veterinarians................................................... 27 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 13 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Health diagnosing and treating practitioners,

 all other...................................................... 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians... 270 844 26 201 803 28

Dental hygienists............................................. 61 946 33 60 949 31

Diagnostic-related technologists and technicians... 226 916 34 144 845 25

Emergency medical technicians and paramedics... 129 704 27 34 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Health-diagnosing and -treating practitioner 

 support technicians....................... .................. 341 579 14 273 538 24

Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses... 422 668 15 392 664 15

Medical records and health information

 technicians................................................... 72 507 16 68 509 16

Opticians, dispensing....................................... 36 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Miscellaneous health technologists and

 technicians................................................... 99 688 39 66 681 37

Other healthcare practitioners and technical

 occupations................................................... 42 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Service occupations................................................ 14,716 454 3 7,345 406 2

Healthcare support occupations.............................. 2,187 454 6 1,926 447 6

 See footnotes at end of table.

Both sexes Women

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Standard

error 

of

median 

16
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed 

occupation and sex, 2007 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Dancers and choreographers.............................. 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Musicians, singers, and related workers............... 22 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Entertainers and performers, sports and related

 workers, all other................................... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Announcers................................................... 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

News analysts, reporters and correspondents...... 36 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Public relations specialists................................. 39 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Editors......................................................... 75 $979 $46 82.1

Technical writers............................................. 22 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Writers and authors.......................................... 34 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Miscellaneous media and communication workers... 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Broadcast and sound engineering technicians 

 and radio operators........................... ............ 60 893 336 ( 2 )

Photographers................................................ 35 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Television, video, and motion picture camera

 operators and editors....................................... 24 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations...... 1,310 1,156 23 75.7

Chiropractors................................................... 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Dentists......................................................... 19 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Dietitians and nutritionists................................. 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Optometrists................................................... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Pharmacists................................................... 84 1,887 33 84.9

Physicians and surgeons................................. 413 1,796 122 59.1

Physician assistants.......................................... 22 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Podiatrists...................................................... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Registered nurses.......................................... 192 1,098 57 88.9

Audiologists................................................... 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Occupational therapists.................................... 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Physical therapists.......................................... 60 1,247 65 87.9

Radiation therapists.......................................... - -- -

Recreational therapists.................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Respiratory therapists....................................... 27 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Speech-language pathologists........................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Therapists, all other.......................................... 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Veterinarians................................................... 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Health diagnosing and treating practitioners,

 all other...................................................... 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians... 68 1,049 88 76.5

Dental hygienists............................................. 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Diagnostic-related technologists and technicians... 83 1,050 43 80.5

Emergency medical technicians and paramedics... 95 751 69 ( 2 )

Health-diagnosing and -treating practitioner 

 support technicians....................... .................. 68 687 49 78.3

Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses... 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Medical records and health information

 technicians................................................... 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Opticians, dispensing....................................... 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Miscellaneous health technologists and

 technicians................................................... 33 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Other healthcare practitioners and technical

 occupations................................................... 22 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Service occupations................................................ 7,371 515 4 78.8

Healthcare support occupations.............................. 261 522 21 85.6

 See footnotes at end of table.

Occupation

Women's

earnings 

 as

percent

of men's 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

17
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 

2007 annual averages—Continued

Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides......... 1,344 $423 $5 1,174 $416 $5

Occupational therapist assistants and aides......... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Physical therapist assistants and aides............... 42 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 26 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Massage therapists.......................................... 36 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 33 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Dental assistants............................................. 169 508 18 155 508 18

Medical assistants and other healthcare support

 occupations................................................... 589 490 8 531 487 7

Protective service occupations................................. 2,736 719 11 560 588 14

First-line supervisors/managers of correctional 

 officers......................................................... 41 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

First-line supervisors/managers of police and 

 detectives...................................................... 124 1,067 139 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and

 prevention work............................................. 59 1,197 183 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Supervisors, protective service workers, all other... 91 758 34 23 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Fire fighters................................................... 266 901 45 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Fire inspectors................................................ 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers............... 437 648 21 132 578 19

Detectives and criminal investigators.................. 134 1,066 45 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Fish and game wardens.................................... 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Parking enforcement workers.............................. 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Police and sheriff's patrol officers........................ 655 891 31 86 791 59

Transit and railroad police................................. 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Animal control workers.................................... 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Private detectives and investigators..................... 64 696 35 17 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Security guards and gaming surveillance officers... 750 510 10 172 465 16

Crossing guards............................................. 13 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Lifeguards and other protective service workers...... 58 410 30 29 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Food preparation and serving related occupations...... 4,107 385 3 2,037 363 5

Chefs and head cooks....................................... 290 518 11 53 482 22

First-line supervisors/managers of food 

 preparation and serving workers........................ 449 491 11 258 423 15

Cooks............................................................ 1,263 365 5 448 341 9

Food preparation workers................................. 322 349 9 198 335 12

Bartenders...................................................... 212 479 22 104 404 21

Combined food preparation and serving workers, 

 including fast food....................................... 145 340 21 99 358 18

Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, 

 and coffee shop............................................. 91 305 7 55 299 8

Waiters and waitresses.................................... 865 380 7 592 360 9

Food servers, nonrestaurant.............................. 95 415 16 67 401 20

Dining room and cafeteria attendants and 

 bartender helpers........................ .................. 156 356 23 67 345 26

Dishwashers................................................... 150 316 7 38 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and 

 coffee shop................................................... 63 366 30 56 363 31

Food preparation and serving related workers,

 all other...................................................... 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance 

 occupations......................................................... 3,520 422 4 1,230 376 5

First-line supervisors/managers of 

 housekeeping and janitorial workers.................. 180 586 23 54 481 26

First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, 

 lawn service, and groundskeeping workers......... 105 718 48 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

 See footnotes at end of table.

Both sexes Women

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Standard

error 

of

median 

18
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed 

occupation and sex, 2007 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides......... 170 $500 $21 83.2

Occupational therapist assistants and aides......... - - - -

Physical therapist assistants and aides............... 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Massage therapists.......................................... 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Dental assistants............................................. 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Medical assistants and other healthcare support

 occupations................................................... 58 575 39 84.7

Protective service occupations................................. 2,175 754 11 78.0

First-line supervisors/managers of correctional 

 officers......................................................... 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

First-line supervisors/managers of police and 

 detectives...................................................... 105 1,084 122 ( 2 )

First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and

 prevention work............................................. 53 1,119 206 ( 2 )

Supervisors, protective service workers, all other... 68 876 268 ( 2 )

Fire fighters................................................... 252 919 48 ( 2 )

Fire inspectors................................................ 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers............... 304 686 21 84.3

Detectives and criminal investigators.................. 104 1,121 96 ( 2 )

Fish and game wardens.................................... 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Parking enforcement workers.............................. 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Police and sheriff's patrol officers........................ 568 907 37 87.2

Transit and railroad police................................. 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Animal control workers.................................... 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Private detectives and investigators..................... 46 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Security guards and gaming surveillance officers... 579 524 13 88.7

Crossing guards............................................. 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Lifeguards and other protective service workers...... 29 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Food preparation and serving related occupations...... 2,070 403 4 90.1

Chefs and head cooks....................................... 236 535 39 90.1

First-line supervisors/managers of food 

 preparation and serving workers........................ 191 586 17 72.2

Cooks............................................................ 815 377 6 90.5

Food preparation workers................................. 124 367 13 91.3

Bartenders...................................................... 108 551 36 73.3

Combined food preparation and serving workers, 

 including fast food....................................... 46 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, 

 and coffee shop............................................. 36 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Waiters and waitresses.................................... 274 415 11 86.7

Food servers, nonrestaurant.............................. 29 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Dining room and cafeteria attendants and 

 bartender helpers........................ .................. 89 370 33 93.2

Dishwashers................................................... 111 314 8 ( 2 )

Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and 

 coffee shop................................................... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Food preparation and serving related workers,

 all other...................................................... 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance 

 occupations......................................................... 2,290 472 7 79.7

First-line supervisors/managers of 

 housekeeping and janitorial workers.................. 126 646 37 74.5

First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, 

 lawn service, and groundskeeping workers......... 99 732 27 ( 2 )

 See footnotes at end of table.

Occupation

Women's

earnings 

 as

percent

of men's 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

19
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 

2007 annual averages—Continued

Janitors and building cleaners........................... 1,444 $434 $10 416 $388 $7

Maids and housekeeping cleaners..................... 849 366 7 717 357 7

Pest control workers.......................................... 68 516 17 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Grounds maintenance workers........................... 874 420 6 34 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Personal care and service occupations..................... 2,166 434 10 1,593 402 6

First-line supervisors/managers of gaming

 workers......................................................... 97 728 36 32 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

First-line supervisors/managers of personal 

 service workers................. ........................... 50 605 67 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Animal trainers................................................ 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Nonfarm animal caretakers................................. 48 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 39 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Gaming services workers................................. 88 627 29 36 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Motion picture projectionists.............................. 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers............ 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and

 related workers............................................. 62 416 24 26 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Funeral service workers.................................... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Barbers......................................................... 48 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists......... 309 425 20 278 409 15

Miscellaneous personal appearance workers......... 129 429 30 98 402 24

Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges............ 53 522 22 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Tour and travel guides....................................... 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Transportation attendants................................. 96 595 36 71 557 27

Childcare workers............................................. 445 368 11 408 360 11

Personal and home care aides........................... 433 380 10 379 373 8

Recreation and fitness workers........................... 164 523 45 96 513 30

Residential advisors.......................................... 48 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 32 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Personal care and service workers, all other......... 51 489 19 28 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Sales and office occupations....................................... 25,702 598 2 15,976 550 3

Sales and related occupations................................. 10,448 643 7 4,675 493 5

First-line supervisors/managers of retail 

 salesworkers................................................ 2,352 647 9 1,004 538 13

First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail 

 salesworkers................... .............................. 865 928 20 278 768 26

Cashiers......................................................... 1,459 356 4 1,074 344 4

Counter and rental clerks................................. 95 504 17 45 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Parts salespersons.......................................... 122 598 22 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Retail salespersons.......................................... 2,034 513 8 841 409 6

Advertising sales agents.................................... 185 741 40 110 683 25

Insurance sales agents.................................... 357 747 16 189 644 30

Securities, commodities, and financial services 

 sales agents................................................ 307 1,128 91 100 1,031 74

Travel agents................................................... 79 649 68 60 670 61

Sales representatives, services, all other............... 485 854 36 164 713 40

Sales representatives, wholesale and 

 manufacturing................................................ 1,228 933 15 327 784 26

Models, demonstrators, and product promoters...... 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Real estate brokers and sales agents.................. 504 851 46 263 701 44

Sales engineers............................................. 38 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Telemarketers................................................ 110 407 12 60 391 17

Door-to-door salesworkers, news and street 

 vendors, and related workers........................... 55 464 45 29 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Sales and related workers, all other..................... 152 736 35 91 682 48

 See footnotes at end of table.

Both sexes Women

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Standard

error 

of

median 

20
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed 

occupation and sex, 2007 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Janitors and building cleaners........................... 1,028 $475 $9 81.7

Maids and housekeeping cleaners..................... 132 439 23 81.3

Pest control workers.......................................... 65 518 16 ( 2 )

Grounds maintenance workers........................... 840 421 6 ( 2 )

Personal care and service occupations..................... 574 578 18 69.6

First-line supervisors/managers of gaming

 workers......................................................... 65 805 43 ( 2 )

First-line supervisors/managers of personal 

 service workers................. ........................... 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Animal trainers................................................ 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Nonfarm animal caretakers................................. 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Gaming services workers................................. 51 655 31 ( 2 )

Motion picture projectionists.............................. 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers............ 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and

 related workers............................................. 37 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Funeral service workers.................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Barbers......................................................... 33 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists......... 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Miscellaneous personal appearance workers......... 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges............ 44 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Tour and travel guides....................................... 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Transportation attendants................................. 25 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Childcare workers............................................. 38 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Personal and home care aides........................... 55 434 67 85.9

Recreation and fitness workers........................... 68 626 274 81.9

Residential advisors.......................................... 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Personal care and service workers, all other......... 24 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Sales and office occupations....................................... 9,725 714 6 77.0

Sales and related occupations................................. 5,773 791 11 62.3

First-line supervisors/managers of retail 

 salesworkers................................................ 1,349 746 11 72.1

First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail 

 salesworkers................... .............................. 587 990 35 77.6

Cashiers......................................................... 385 409 14 84.1

Counter and rental clerks................................. 50 567 43 ( 2 )

Parts salespersons.......................................... 101 638 26 ( 2 )

Retail salespersons.......................................... 1,193 638 16 64.1

Advertising sales agents.................................... 74 900 39 75.9

Insurance sales agents.................................... 168 959 40 67.2

Securities, commodities, and financial services 

 sales agents................................................ 208 1,243 184 82.9

Travel agents................................................... 18 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Sales representatives, services, all other............... 321 939 23 75.9

Sales representatives, wholesale and 

 manufacturing................................................ 900 976 24 80.3

Models, demonstrators, and product promoters...... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Real estate brokers and sales agents.................. 241 1,027 62 68.3

Sales engineers............................................. 34 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Telemarketers................................................ 50 422 16 92.7

Door-to-door salesworkers, news and street 

 vendors, and related workers........................... 26 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Sales and related workers, all other..................... 62 851 59 80.1

 See footnotes at end of table.

Occupation

Women's

earnings 

 as

percent

of men's 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

21
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 

2007 annual averages—Continued

Office and administrative support occupations............ 15,253 $581 $2 11,301 $570 $3

First-line supervisors/managers of office and 

 administrative support workers........................ 1,396 711 13 990 675 13

Switchboard operators, including answering

 service......................................................... 32 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 28 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Telephone operators....................................... 35 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 23 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Communications equipment operators, all other...... 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Bill and account collectors................................. 190 537 27 118 521 20

Billing and posting clerks and machine operators... 365 560 21 327 560 21

Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......... 964 606 7 859 601 7

Gaming cage workers....................................... 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Payroll and timekeeping clerks........................... 156 652 44 142 636 41

Procurement clerks.......................................... 23 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Tellers............................................................ 342 455 10 304 457 10

Brokerage clerks............................................. 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Correspondence clerks.................................... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Court, municipal, and license clerks..................... 92 623 24 74 626 27

Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks............... 44 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 39 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Customer service representatives........................ 1,570 541 11 1,085 521 6

Eligibility interviewers, government programs......... 68 661 61 54 619 30

File clerks...................................................... 279 525 16 222 519 11

Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks..................... 97 406 15 64 396 14

Interviewers, except eligibility and loan.................. 107 560 26 90 550 23

Library assistants, clerical................................. 44 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 38 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Loan interviewers and clerks.............................. 122 639 25 103 633 22

New accounts clerks....................................... 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 13 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Order clerks................................................... 95 542 31 68 529 33

Human resources assistants, except payroll and

 timekeeping................................................... 43 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 35 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Receptionists and information clerks..................... 1,019 482 6 940 480 6

Reservation and transportation ticket agents and

 travel clerks............... .................................... 130 564 35 71 565 36

Information and record clerks, all other.................. 87 597 20 80 586 18

Cargo and freight agents.................................... 18 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Couriers and messengers................................. 191 707 46 24 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Dispatchers................................................... 265 602 22 143 551 40

Meter readers, utilities....................................... 36 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Postal service clerks....................................... 151 831 56 76 850 51

Postal service mail carriers................................. 315 896 17 105 799 37

Postal service mail sorters, processors, and

 processing machine operators........................... 81 832 70 36 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Production, planning, and expediting clerks............ 240 746 25 128 658 27

Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks.................. 468 508 9 150 500 12

Stock clerks and order fillers.............................. 1,067 445 13 383 441 17

Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers,

 recordkeeping................................................ 53 513 22 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Secretaries and administrative assistants............ 2,668 599 5 2,578 597 4

Computer operators.......................................... 145 595 19 71 562 35

Data entry keyers............................................. 381 519 9 302 521 10

Word processors and typists.............................. 180 585 17 164 586 17

Desktop publishers.......................................... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Insurance claims and policy processing clerks...... 246 571 20 214 559 24

Mail clerks and mail machine operators, 

 except postal service....................................... 101 516 15 51 523 21

 See footnotes at end of table.

Both sexes Women

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Standard

error 

of

median 

22
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed 

occupation and sex, 2007 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Office and administrative support occupations............ 3,952 $619 $6 92.1

First-line supervisors/managers of office and 

 administrative support workers........................ 406 803 26 84.1

Switchboard operators, including answering

 service......................................................... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Telephone operators....................................... 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Communications equipment operators, all other...... 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Bill and account collectors................................. 72 586 32 88.9

Billing and posting clerks and machine operators... 39 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......... 105 666 37 90.2

Gaming cage workers....................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Payroll and timekeeping clerks........................... 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Procurement clerks.......................................... 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Tellers............................................................ 37 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Brokerage clerks............................................. 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Correspondence clerks.................................... 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Court, municipal, and license clerks..................... 17 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks............... 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Customer service representatives........................ 485 608 16 85.7

Eligibility interviewers, government programs......... 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

File clerks...................................................... 57 574 44 90.4

Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks..................... 33 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Interviewers, except eligibility and loan.................. 17 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Library assistants, clerical................................. 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Loan interviewers and clerks.............................. 19 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

New accounts clerks....................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Order clerks................................................... 27 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Human resources assistants, except payroll and

 timekeeping................................................... 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Receptionists and information clerks..................... 79 503 23 95.4

Reservation and transportation ticket agents and

 travel clerks............... .................................... 59 562 74 100.5

Information and record clerks, all other.................. 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Cargo and freight agents.................................... 13 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Couriers and messengers................................. 167 720 56 ( 2 )

Dispatchers................................................... 122 649 33 84.9

Meter readers, utilities....................................... 32 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Postal service clerks....................................... 75 812 37 104.7

Postal service mail carriers................................. 209 929 15 86.0

Postal service mail sorters, processors, and

 processing machine operators........................... 45 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Production, planning, and expediting clerks............ 112 885 64 74.4

Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks.................. 318 514 12 97.3

Stock clerks and order fillers.............................. 684 448 18 98.4

Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers,

 recordkeeping................................................ 24 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Secretaries and administrative assistants............ 90 694 45 86.0

Computer operators.......................................... 74 628 55 89.5

Data entry keyers............................................. 80 511 17 102.0

Word processors and typists.............................. 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Desktop publishers.......................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Insurance claims and policy processing clerks...... 32 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Mail clerks and mail machine operators, 

 except postal service....................................... 50 509 22 102.8

 See footnotes at end of table.

Occupation

Women's

earnings 

 as

percent

of men's 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

23
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 

2007 annual averages—Continued

Office clerks, general....................................... 748 $556 $14 625 $550 $14

Office machine operators, except computer......... 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 19 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Proofreaders and copy markers........................... 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Statistical assistants.......................................... 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Office and administrative support workers, all

 other............................................................ 490 650 13 366 634 14

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 

 occupations......................................................... 12,486 670 4 457 539 21

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................. 739 372 7 138 348 10

First-line supervisors/managers of farming,

 and forestry workers....................................... 39 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Agricultural inspectors....................................... 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Animal breeders............................................. 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Graders and sorters, agricultural products............ 70 398 21 45 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Miscellaneous agricultural workers..................... 546 352 7 86 332 12

Fishers and related fishing workers..................... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Hunters and trappers....................................... 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Forest and conservation workers........................ 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Logging workers............................................. 59 471 43 - - -

Construction and extraction occupations..................... 7,227 646 6 156 573 22

First-line supervisors/managers of

 construction trades and extraction workers ......... 678 901 27 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Boilermakers................................................... 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons...... 170 609 25 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Carpenters...................................................... 1,182 615 8 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers......... 153 511 16 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Cement masons, concrete finishers and 

 terrazzo workers............................................. 86 527 26 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Construction laborers....................................... 1,374 514 6 24 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment

 operators...................................................... 27 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Pile-driver operators.......................................... 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Operating engineers and other construction 

 equipment operators....................................... 376 765 24 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers... 189 511 13 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Electricians................................................... 777 805 22 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Glaziers......................................................... 44 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Insulation workers............................................. 49 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Painters, construction and maintenance............... 435 515 10 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Paperhangers................................................ 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters... 584 721 25 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Plasterers and stucco masons........................... 63 513 18 - - -

Reinforcing iron and rebar workers..................... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Roofers......................................................... 190 550 29 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Sheet metal workers....................................... 123 790 44 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Structural iron and steel workers........................ 71 870 67 - - -

Helpers, construction trades.............................. 91 434 64 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Construction and building inspectors.................. 92 906 34 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Elevator installers and repairers........................... 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Fence erectors................................................ 28 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Hazardous materials removal workers.................. 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Highway maintenance workers........................... 102 621 29 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment

 operators...................................................... 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

 See footnotes at end of table.

Both sexes Women

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Standard

error 

of

median 

24
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed 

occupation and sex, 2007 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Office clerks, general....................................... 123 $584 $27 94.2

Office machine operators, except computer......... 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Proofreaders and copy markers........................... 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Statistical assistants.......................................... 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Office and administrative support workers, all

 other............................................................ 125 719 45 88.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 

 occupations......................................................... 12,028 674 4 80.0

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................. 601 382 9 91.1

First-line supervisors/managers of farming,

 and forestry workers....................................... 35 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Agricultural inspectors....................................... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Animal breeders............................................. 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Graders and sorters, agricultural products............ 25 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Miscellaneous agricultural workers..................... 461 357 9 93.0

Fishers and related fishing workers..................... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Hunters and trappers....................................... - -- -

Forest and conservation workers........................ 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Logging workers............................................. 58 469 41 -

Construction and extraction occupations..................... 7,071 648 6 88.4

First-line supervisors/managers of

 construction trades and extraction workers ......... 663 906 26 ( 2 )

Boilermakers................................................... 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons...... 165 608 27 ( 2 )

Carpenters...................................................... 1,162 615 8 ( 2 )

Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers......... 148 515 16 ( 2 )

Cement masons, concrete finishers and 

 terrazzo workers............................................. 83 530 27 ( 2 )

Construction laborers....................................... 1,351 514 6 ( 2 )

Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment

 operators...................................................... 26 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Pile-driver operators.......................................... 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Operating engineers and other construction 

 equipment operators....................................... 364 772 24 ( 2 )

Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers... 179 509 13 ( 2 )

Electricians................................................... 764 804 22 ( 2 )

Glaziers......................................................... 44 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Insulation workers............................................. 48 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Painters, construction and maintenance............... 420 515 10 ( 2 )

Paperhangers................................................ 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters... 579 720 25 ( 2 )

Plasterers and stucco masons........................... 63 513 18 -

Reinforcing iron and rebar workers..................... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Roofers......................................................... 188 553 29 ( 2 )

Sheet metal workers....................................... 118 786 43 ( 2 )

Structural iron and steel workers........................ 70 867 70 -

Helpers, construction trades.............................. 89 432 58 ( 2 )

Construction and building inspectors.................. 83 906 37 ( 2 )

Elevator installers and repairers........................... 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Fence erectors................................................ 28 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Hazardous materials removal workers.................. 19 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Highway maintenance workers........................... 102 623 29 ( 2 )

Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment

 operators...................................................... 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

 See footnotes at end of table.

Women's

earnings 

 as

percent

of men's 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

25
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 

2007 annual averages—Continued

Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners...... 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Miscellaneous construction and related workers...... 34 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators,

 oil, gas, and mining....................................... 42 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Earth drillers, except oil and gas........................ 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts,

 and blasters................................................... 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Mining machine operators................................. 59 $954 $41 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Roof bolters, mining.......................................... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Roustabouts, oil and gas.................................... 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Helpers--extraction workers.............................. 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Other extraction workers.................................... 57 777 40 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations......... 4,520 749 6 163 $726 $23

First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics,

 installers, and repairers.................................... 324 960 40 18 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Computer, automated teller, and office machine 

 repairers...................................................... 251 751 24 34 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Radio and telecommunications equipment 

 installers and repairers.................................... 182 927 31 25 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Avionics technicians.......................................... 13 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers...... 24 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Electrical and electronics installers and

 repairers, transportation................................. 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial

 and utility...................................................... 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Electronic equipment installers and repairers,

 motor vehicles................................................ 26 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Electronic home entertainment equipment

 installers and repairers.................................... 48 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Security and fire alarm systems installers............ 59 739 26 - - -

Aircraft mechanics and service technicians............ 128 889 44 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Automotive body and related repairers.................. 119 620 33 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Automotive glass installers and repairers............... 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Automotive service technicians and mechanics...... 670 655 24 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine 

 specialists................................................... 332 698 16 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service 

 technicians and mechanics.............................. 226 803 21 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Small engine mechanics.................................... 45 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment

 mechanics, installers, and repairers.................. 70 508 30 - - -

Control and valve installers and repairers............ 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration 

 mechanics and installers................................. 345 728 22 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Home appliance repairers................................. 34 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics...... 393 798 23 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Maintenance and repair workers, general............ 444 694 16 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Maintenance workers, machinery........................ 53 700 49 - - -

Millwrights...................................................... 74 897 51 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Electrical power-line installers and repairers......... 98 1,008 37 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Telecommunications line installers and repairers... 212 843 52 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Precision instrument and equipment repairers...... 44 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Coin, vending, and amusement machine 

 servicers and repairers.................................... 50 685 23 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

 See footnotes at end of table.

Both sexes Women

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Standard

error 

of

median 

26
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed 

occupation and sex, 2007 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners...... 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Miscellaneous construction and related workers...... 33 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators,

 oil, gas, and mining....................................... 42 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Earth drillers, except oil and gas........................ 29 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts,

 and blasters................................................... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Mining machine operators................................. 57 $961 $40 ( 2 )

Roof bolters, mining.......................................... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Roustabouts, oil and gas.................................... 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Helpers--extraction workers.............................. 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Other extraction workers.................................... 56 769 54 ( 2 )

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations......... 4,357 750 7 96.8

First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics,

 installers, and repairers.................................... 306 961 40 ( 2 )

Computer, automated teller, and office machine 

 repairers...................................................... 217 777 28 ( 2 )

Radio and telecommunications equipment 

 installers and repairers.................................... 157 923 28 ( 2 )

Avionics technicians.......................................... 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers...... 24 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Electrical and electronics installers and

 repairers, transportation................................. 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial

 and utility...................................................... 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Electronic equipment installers and repairers,

 motor vehicles................................................ 25 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Electronic home entertainment equipment

 installers and repairers.................................... 48 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Security and fire alarm systems installers............ 59 739 43 -

Aircraft mechanics and service technicians............ 126 895 33 ( 2 )

Automotive body and related repairers.................. 117 623 37 ( 2 )

Automotive glass installers and repairers............... 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Automotive service technicians and mechanics...... 667 656 24 ( 2 )

Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine 

 specialists................................................... 328 697 16 ( 2 )

Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service 

 technicians and mechanics.............................. 224 802 22 ( 2 )

Small engine mechanics.................................... 44 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment

 mechanics, installers, and repairers.................. 70 506 30 -

Control and valve installers and repairers............ 19 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration 

 mechanics and installers................................. 342 729 23 ( 2 )

Home appliance repairers................................. 33 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics...... 381 798 22 ( 2 )

Maintenance and repair workers, general............ 432 694 16 ( 2 )

Maintenance workers, machinery........................ 52 703 49 -

Millwrights...................................................... 73 902 51 ( 2 )

Electrical power-line installers and repairers......... 98 1,007 38 ( 2 )

Telecommunications line installers and repairers... 201 849 50 ( 2 )

Precision instrument and equipment repairers...... 38 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Coin, vending, and amusement machine 

 servicers and repairers.................................... 43 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

 See footnotes at end of table.

Women's

earnings 

 as

percent

of men's 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

27
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 

2007 annual averages—Continued

Commercial divers.......................................... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Locksmiths and safe repairers........................... 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Manufactured building and mobile home installers... 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Riggers......................................................... 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Signal and track switch repairers........................ 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair

 workers......................................................... 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Other installation, maintenance, and repair

 workers......................................................... 134 $618 $32 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Production, transportation, and material-moving 

 occupations......................................................... 15,289 577 3 3,338 $437 $5

Production occupations.......................................... 8,389 581 4 2,396 443 6

First-line supervisors/managers of production 

 and operating workers.................................... 876 824 19 150 615 21

Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems

 assemblers................................................... 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical 

 assemblers................................................... 200 488 17 114 447 20

Engine and other machine assemblers.................. 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Structural metal fabricators and fitters.................. 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators............ 951 524 12 362 460 16

Bakers......................................................... 134 433 36 69 404 14

Butchers and other meat-, poultry-, and fish-

 processing workers....................................... 240 495 16 57 406 12

Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying

 machine operators and tenders........................ 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Food batchmakers.......................................... 74 493 36 41 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Food cooking machine operators and tenders...... 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Computer control programmers and operators...... 55 780 52 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Extruding and drawing machine setters,

 operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............ 17 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders,

 metal and plastic............................................. 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders,

 metal and plastic............................................. 13 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, 

 operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............ 120 563 36 19 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Drilling and boring machine tool setters, 

 operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............ 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine 

 tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and

 plastic......................................................... 49 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators,

 and tenders, metal and plastic........................... 13 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Milling and planing machine setters, operators,

 and tenders, metal and plastic........................... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Machinists...................................................... 406 700 19 22 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Metal furnace and kiln operators and tenders......... 23 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Model makers and patternmakers, metal and

 plastic......................................................... 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Molders and molding machine setters, 

 operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............ 73 580 33 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

See footnotes at end of table.

Both sexes Women

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Standard

error 

of

median 

28
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed 

occupation and sex, 2007 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Commercial divers.......................................... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Locksmiths and safe repairers........................... 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Manufactured building and mobile home installers... 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Riggers......................................................... 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Signal and track switch repairers........................ 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair

 workers......................................................... 19 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Other installation, maintenance, and repair

 workers......................................................... 124 $620 $32 ( 2 )

Production, transportation, and material-moving 

 occupations......................................................... 11,951 616 3 70.9

Production occupations.......................................... 5,992 641 6 69.1

First-line supervisors/managers of production 

 and operating workers.................................... 726 864 17 71.2

Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems

 assemblers................................................... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical 

 assemblers................................................... 86 543 27 82.3

Engine and other machine assemblers.................. 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Structural metal fabricators and fitters.................. 29 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators............ 588 587 16 78.4

Bakers......................................................... 65 498 19 81.1

Butchers and other meat-, poultry-, and fish-

 processing workers....................................... 183 558 34 72.8

Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying

 machine operators and tenders........................ 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Food batchmakers.......................................... 33 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Food cooking machine operators and tenders...... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Computer control programmers and operators...... 51 798 51 ( 2 )

Extruding and drawing machine setters,

 operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............ 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders,

 metal and plastic............................................. 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders,

 metal and plastic............................................. 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, 

 operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............ 101 577 42 ( 2 )

Drilling and boring machine tool setters, 

 operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............ 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine 

 tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and

 plastic......................................................... 42 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators,

 and tenders, metal and plastic........................... 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Milling and planing machine setters, operators,

 and tenders, metal and plastic........................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Machinists...................................................... 384 706 19 ( 2 )

Metal furnace and kiln operators and tenders......... 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Model makers and patternmakers, metal and

 plastic......................................................... 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Molders and molding machine setters, 

 operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............ 61 618 30 ( 2 )

See footnotes at end of table.

Women's

earnings 

 as

percent

of men's 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

29
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 

2007 annual averages—Continued

Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and

 tenders, metal and plastic................................. 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Tool and die makers.......................................... 75 $918 $29 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Welding, soldering, and brazing workers............... 536 607 12 37 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and 

 tenders, metal and plastic................................. 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Lay-out workers, metal and plastic..................... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Plating and coating machine setters, operators, 

 and tenders, metal and plastic........................... 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners..................... 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Metalworkers and plastic workers, all other............ 422 551 16 123 $482 $23

Bookbinders and bindery workers........................ 43 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Job printers................................................... 34 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Prepress technicians and workers........................ 51 538 73 26 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Printing machine operators................................. 180 613 25 26 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Laundry and dry-cleaning workers........................ 176 380 22 98 340 13

Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials... 50 344 17 33 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Sewing machine operators................................. 226 361 13 179 359 13

Shoe and leather workers and repairers............... 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Shoe machine operators and tenders.................. 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers........................ 54 453 38 34 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators

 and tenders................................................ 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and

 tenders......................................................... 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Textile knitting and weaving machine setters,

 operators, and tenders.................................... 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine

 setters, operators, and tenders........................ 23 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Fabric and apparel patternmakers........................ 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Upholsterers................................................... 34 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other... 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters.................. 67 598 21 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Furniture finishers............................................. 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Model makers and patternmakers, wood............... 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Sawing machine setters, operators, and 

 tenders, wood................................................ 54 483 25 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Woodworking machine setters, operators, and

 tenders, except sawing................................... 25 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Woodworkers, all other.................................... 19 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Power plant operators, distributors, and 

 dispatchers................................................... 47 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Stationary engineers and boiler operators............ 88 752 34 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Water and liquid waste treatment plant and 

 system operators.......................................... 74 722 39 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Miscellaneous plant and system operators............ 40 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Chemical-processing machine setters, 

 operators, and tenders.................................... 44 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and 

 blending workers.......................................... 103 607 27 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Cutting workers................................................ 84 527 28 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting

 machine setters, operators, and tenders............ 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

See footnotes at end of table.

Both sexes Women

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Standard

error 

of

median 

30
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed 

occupation and sex, 2007 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and

 tenders, metal and plastic................................. 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Tool and die makers.......................................... 72 $923 $42 ( 2 )

Welding, soldering, and brazing workers............... 499 618 12 ( 2 )

Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and

 tenders, metal and plastic................................. 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Lay-out workers, metal and plastic..................... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Plating and coating machine setters, operators,

 and tenders, metal and plastic........................... 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners..................... 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Metalworkers and plastic workers, all other............ 299 588 22 82.0

Bookbinders and bindery workers........................ 28 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Job printers................................................... 30 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Prepress technicians and workers........................ 25 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Printing machine operators................................. 153 657 55 ( 2 )

Laundry and dry-cleaning workers........................ 78 496 20 68.5

Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials... 17 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Sewing machine operators................................. 47 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Shoe and leather workers and repairers............... 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Shoe machine operators and tenders.................. 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers........................ 20 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators

 and tenders................................................ 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and

 tenders......................................................... 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Textile knitting and weaving machine setters,

 operators, and tenders.................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine

 setters, operators, and tenders........................ 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Fabric and apparel patternmakers........................ - -- -

Upholsterers................................................... 32 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other... 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters.................. 61 607 23 ( 2 )

Furniture finishers............................................. 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Model makers and patternmakers, wood............... 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Sawing machine setters, operators, and 

 tenders, wood................................................ 49 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Woodworking machine setters, operators, and

 tenders, except sawing................................... 19 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Woodworkers, all other.................................... 18 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Power plant operators, distributors, and

 dispatchers................................................... 43 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Stationary engineers and boiler operators............ 86 757 34 ( 2 )

Water and liquid waste treatment plant and 

 system operators.......................................... 69 731 24 ( 2 )

Miscellaneous plant and system operators............ 35 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Chemical-processing machine setters, 

 operators, and tenders.................................... 37 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and 

 blending workers.......................................... 94 604 28 ( 2 )

Cutting workers................................................ 63 546 25 ( 2 )

Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting

 machine setters, operators, and tenders............ 22 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

See footnotes at end of table.

Women's

earnings 

 as

percent

of men's 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

31
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 

2007 annual averages—Continued

Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators

 and tenders................................................... 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and

 weighers...................................................... 687 $625 $16 268 $506 $14

Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers... 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory 

 technicians................................................... 77 504 25 38 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Packaging and filling machine operators and 

 tenders......................................................... 264 430 15 138 396 13

Painting workers............................................. 168 576 25 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Photographic process workers and processing 

 machine operators.......................................... 50 437 28 25 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Semiconductor processors................................. 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Cementing and gluing machine operators and

 tenders......................................................... 17 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 8 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling

 equipment operators and tenders..................... 12 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Cooling and freezing equipment operators and

 tenders......................................................... 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Etchers and engravers....................................... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal

 and plastic................................................... 27 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Paper goods machine setters, operators, and

 tenders......................................................... 48 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Tire builders................................................... 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Helpers--production workers.............................. 36 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Production workers, all other.............................. 912 540 13 276 445 20

Transportation and material-moving occupations......... 6,900 570 6 942 424 8

Supervisors, transportation and material-moving 

 workers......................................................... 203 811 52 39 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Aircraft pilots and flight engineers........................ 95 1,358 58 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Air traffic controllers and airfield operations

 specialists................................................... 31 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Ambulance drivers and attendants, except

 emergency medical technicians........................ 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Busdrivers...................................................... 365 507 10 178 476 15

Driver/salesworkers and truck drivers.................. 2,772 665 10 113 499 21

Taxi drivers and chauffeurs................................. 217 501 17 28 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Motor vehicle operators, all other........................ 37 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Locomotive engineers and operators.................. 54 1,157 101 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators......... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Railroad conductors and yardmasters.................. 51 912 110 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation

 workers......................................................... 17 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Sailors and marine oilers.................................... 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Ship and boat captains and operators.................. 38 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Ship engineers................................................ 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Bridge and lock tenders.................................... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Parking lot attendants....................................... 71 410 18 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Service station attendants................................. 63 404 16 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Transportation inspectors................................. 41 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 5 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Other transportation workers.............................. 18 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Conveyor operators and tenders........................ 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Crane and tower operators................................. 55 715 51 - - -

See footnotes at end of table.

Both sexes Women

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Standard

error 

of

median 

32
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed 

occupation and sex, 2007 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators

 and tenders................................................... 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and

 weighers...................................................... 419 $735 $18 68.8

Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers... 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory 

 technicians................................................... 38 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Packaging and filling machine operators and 

 tenders......................................................... 126 493 26 80.3

Painting workers............................................. 153 590 22 ( 2 )

Photographic process workers and processing 

 machine operators.......................................... 25 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Semiconductor processors................................. 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Cementing and gluing machine operators and

 tenders......................................................... 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling

 equipment operators and tenders..................... 9 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Cooling and freezing equipment operators and

 tenders......................................................... 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Etchers and engravers....................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal

 and plastic................................................... 24 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Paper goods machine setters, operators, and

 tenders......................................................... 34 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Tire builders................................................... 15 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Helpers--production workers.............................. 29 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Production workers, all other.............................. 636 583 12 76.3

Transportation and material-moving occupations......... 5,959 596 4 71.1

Supervisors, transportation and material-moving 

 workers......................................................... 164 836 22 ( 2 )

Aircraft pilots and flight engineers........................ 92 1,381 171 ( 2 )

Air traffic controllers and airfield operations

 specialists................................................... 21 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Ambulance drivers and attendants, except

 emergency medical technicians........................ 11 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Busdrivers...................................................... 187 540 23 88.1

Driver/salesworkers and truck drivers.................. 2,658 672 10 74.3

Taxi drivers and chauffeurs................................. 189 518 17 ( 2 )

Motor vehicle operators, all other........................ 32 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Locomotive engineers and operators.................. 51 1,184 137 ( 2 )

Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators......... 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Railroad conductors and yardmasters.................. 49 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation

 workers......................................................... 16 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Sailors and marine oilers.................................... 14 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Ship and boat captains and operators.................. 38 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Ship engineers................................................ 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Bridge and lock tenders.................................... 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Parking lot attendants....................................... 64 422 23 ( 2 )

Service station attendants................................. 57 411 17 ( 2 )

Transportation inspectors................................. 36 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Other transportation workers.............................. 17 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Conveyor operators and tenders........................ 7 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Crane and tower operators................................. 55 716 51 -

See footnotes at end of table.

Women's

earnings 

 as

percent

of men's 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

33
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex, 

2007 annual averages—Continued

Dredge, excavating, and loading machine 

 operators...................................................... 44 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Hoist and winch operators................................. 6 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Industrial truck and tractor operators..................... 532 $519 $8 29 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Cleaners of vehicles and equipment..................... 233 405 11 33 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, 

 hand............................................................ 1,428 474 7 233 $418 $12

Machine feeders and offbearers........................ 23 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 10 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Packers and packagers, hand........................... 335 374 10 221 362 9

Pumping station operators................................. 17 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Refuse and recyclable material collectors............ 60 517 34 3 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Shuttle car operators....................................... 2 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

Tank car, truck, and ship loaders........................ 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) - --

Material moving workers, all other........................ 36 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 )

See footnotes at end of table.

Both sexes Women

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Standard

error 

of

median 

34
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed 

occupation and sex, 2007 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Dredge, excavating, and loading machine

 operators...................................................... 44 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Hoist and winch operators................................. 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Industrial truck and tractor operators..................... 503 $522 $10 ( 2 )

Cleaners of vehicles and equipment..................... 200 413 11 ( 2 )

Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, 

 hand............................................................ 1,195 486 7 86.0

Machine feeders and offbearers........................ 13 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Packers and packagers, hand........................... 114 414 23 87.4

Pumping station operators................................. 17 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Refuse and recyclable material collectors............ 58 525 33 ( 2 )

Shuttle car operators....................................... 1 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

Tank car, truck, and ship loaders........................ 4 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) -

Material moving workers, all other........................ 32 ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 )

 1 Data not shown where base is less than 50,000. 

 2 Data not shown where base for either the numerator or the denominator is less than 50,000.

 NOTE: Dash indicates data not available or does not meet publication standards.

Women's

earnings 

 as

percent

of men's 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

Occupation

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

35
Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by State 

and sex, 2007 annual averages 

Women

UNITED STATES..................... 107,339 $695 $2 47,041 $614 $2

Alabama....................................... 1,602 608 9 733 517 10

Alaska.......................................... 229 821 16 98 692 17

Arizona......................................... 2,260 659 12 949 610 10

Arkansas...................................... 977 590 9 446 514 12

California...................................... 12,329 748 6 5,149 700 8

Colorado...................................... 1,857 757 12 786 692 15

Connecticut.................................. 1,265 862 20 551 759 18

Delaware...................................... 337 730 14 158 636 22

District of Columbia...................... 248 881 26 127 843 17

Florida.......................................... 6,622 649 7 3,075 594 6

Georgia........................................ 3,643 664 11 1,634 594 10

Hawaii.......................................... 463 687 16 209 611 12

Idaho............................................ 515 637 15 200 560 18

Illinois........................................... 4,780 713 9 2,059 621 8

Indiana......................................... 2,296 676 15 982 583 13

Iowa............................................. 1,119 668 11 495 588 14

Kansas......................................... 1,030 675 13 456 579 13

Kentucky...................................... 1,422 621 12 628 544 19

Louisiana..................................... 1,437 629 14 684 515 9

Maine........................................... 440 664 12 193 592 14

Maryland...................................... 2,213 830 19 1,023 750 16

Massachusetts............................. 2,211 823 15 909 705 16

Michigan...................................... 3,274 734 8 1,397 614 10

Minnesota.................................... 1,853 773 14 807 677 20

Mississippi................................... 907 575 14 415 488 10

Missouri....................................... 2,134 666 15 981 580 11

Montana....................................... 310 607 12 138 523 11

Nebraska..................................... 663 639 11 300 577 13

Nevada........................................ 1,032 646 10 437 593 9

New Hampshire........................... 498 776 16 215 689 21

New Jersey.................................. 3,281 838 11 1,427 748 8

New Mexico................................. 648 673 15 284 554 18

New York..................................... 6,807 735 7 3,080 659 9

North Carolina.............................. 3,166 624 8 1,461 573 12

North Dakota................................ 243 606 8 110 536 15

Ohio............................................. 4,102 675 9 1,791 603 7

Oklahoma.................................... 1,257 610 8 560 520 9

Oregon......................................... 1,232 682 14 500 594 17

Pennsylvania............................... 4,409 697 9 1,977 606 8

Rhode Island................................ 391 713 16 174 643 19

South Carolina............................. 1,578 605 9 715 522 12

South Dakota............................... 281 616 8 129 555 17

Tennessee................................... 2,204 609 10 986 544 15

Texas........................................... 8,464 619 6 3,565 558 10

Utah............................................. 924 661 12 362 554 17

Vermont....................................... 225 696 15 102 625 15

Virginia......................................... 2,967 730 12 1,336 644 16

Washington.................................. 2,329 784 16 1,010 700 17

West Virginia................................ 612 666 14 258 571 19

Wisconsin.................................... 2,056 705 13 905 613 11

Wyoming...................................... 195 706 13 79 535 13

See note at end of table.

Both sexes

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

State

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

 36
Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary 

workers, by State and sex, 2007 annual averages—Continued 

Men

UNITED STATES..................... 60,298 $766 $2 80.2

Alabama....................................... 869 685 18 75.5

Alaska.......................................... 131 950 29 72.8

Arizona......................................... 1,311 715 18 85.3

Arkansas...................................... 531 634 15 81.1

California...................................... 7,180 796 12 87.9

Colorado...................................... 1,071 830 20 83.4

Connecticut.................................. 714 955 29 79.5

Delaware...................................... 179 805 20 79.0

District of Columbia...................... 121 947 16 89.0

Florida.......................................... 3,548 714 10 83.2

Georgia........................................ 2,010 751 17 79.1

Hawaii.......................................... 253 757 18 80.7

Idaho............................................ 314 718 15 78.0

Illinois........................................... 2,722 796 12 78.0

Indiana......................................... 1,314 783 20 74.5

Iowa............................................. 625 757 17 77.7

Kansas......................................... 575 750 17 77.2

Kentucky...................................... 794 703 17 77.4

Louisiana..................................... 753 729 19 70.6

Maine........................................... 247 737 20 80.3

Maryland...................................... 1,190 907 26 82.7

Massachusetts............................. 1,302 943 24 74.8

Michigan...................................... 1,877 833 16 73.7

Minnesota.................................... 1,046 880 20 76.9

Mississippi................................... 492 645 18 75.7

Missouri....................................... 1,153 773 18 75.0

Montana....................................... 172 688 11 76.0

Nebraska..................................... 364 716 19 80.6

Nevada........................................ 595 706 16 84.0

New Hampshire........................... 284 878 30 78.5

New Jersey.................................. 1,854 930 15 80.4

New Mexico................................. 363 784 21 70.7

New York..................................... 3,727 800 15 82.4

North Carolina.............................. 1,704 685 16 83.6

North Dakota................................ 133 668 14 80.2

Ohio............................................. 2,311 759 14 79.4

Oklahoma.................................... 697 682 17 76.2

Oregon......................................... 732 753 24 78.9

Pennsylvania............................... 2,432 783 13 77.4

Rhode Island................................ 218 766 24 83.9

South Carolina............................. 863 669 15 78.0

South Dakota............................... 153 674 15 82.3

Tennessee................................... 1,218 674 18 80.7

Texas........................................... 4,899 677 10 82.4

Utah............................................. 563 748 13 74.1

Vermont....................................... 123 767 21 81.5

Virginia......................................... 1,631 828 28 77.8

Washington.................................. 1,319 880 25 79.5

West Virginia................................ 354 749 16 76.2

Wisconsin.................................... 1,151 769 17 79.7

Wyoming...................................... 117 866 22 61.8

Women's

earnings 

 as

percent

of men's

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

 NOTE: Data refer to persons 16 years and older. 

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

State

 37
Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by selected 

characteristics, 2007 annual averages

AGE

Total, 16 years and older................................ 22,172 $213 $1 15,139 $218 $1

16 to 24 years........................................................ 8,108 158 1 4,628 155 2

16 to 19 years..................................................... 4,120 132 2 2,307 128 2

20 to 24 years..................................................... 3,988 192 2 2,321 188 3

25 years and older................................................. 14,063 260 2 10,511 259 2

25 to 34 years..................................................... 3,494 260 3 2,462 256 4

35 to 44 years..................................................... 3,229 275 4 2,661 271 4

45 to 54 years..................................................... 2,985 283 5 2,471 281 5

55 to 64 years..................................................... 2,513 261 4 1,816 256 5

65 years and older.............................................. 1,843 199 4 1,100 187 6

RACE AND HISPANIC OR

LATINO ETHNICITY

White...................................................................... 18,637 214 1 12,873 220 2

Black or African American..................................... 2,099 202 3 1,350 200 4

Asian...................................................................... 856 222 6 549 225 8

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................... 2,554 206 3 1,651 201 4

MARITAL STATUS

Never married........................................................ 10,140 170 1 5,691 167 2

Married, spouse present........................................ 9,191 270 2 7,205 269 3

Other marital status............................................... 2,841 235 4 2,243 231 4

Divorced............................................................. 1,537 255 5 1,203 254 6

Separated........................................................... 637 225 6 462 215 6

Widowed............................................................. 667 200 7 579 202 8

See note at end of table.

Both sexes Women

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Characteristic Standard

error 

of

median 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

38
Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by 

selected characteristics, 2007 annual averages—Continued 

Men

AGE

Total, 16 years and older................................ 7,032 $203 $2 107.4

16 to 24 years........................................................ 3,480 162 2 95.7

16 to 19 years..................................................... 1,814 137 2 93.4

20 to 24 years..................................................... 1,666 197 3 95.4

25 years and older................................................. 3,552 264 4 98.1

25 to 34 years..................................................... 1,032 269 5 95.2

35 to 44 years..................................................... 568 293 10 92.5

45 to 54 years..................................................... 514 291 11 96.6

55 to 64 years..................................................... 697 273 9 93.8

65 years and older.............................................. 742 215 6 87.0

RACE AND HISPANIC OR

LATINO ETHNICITY

White...................................................................... 5,765 203 2 108.4

Black or African American..................................... 749 205 5 97.6

Asian...................................................................... 307 217 10 103.7

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................... 903 219 6 91.8

MARITAL STATUS

Never married........................................................ 4,449 175 2 95.4

Married, spouse present........................................ 1,986 274 6 98.2

Other marital status............................................... 597 248 7 93.1

Divorced............................................................. 334 257 10 98.8

Separated........................................................... 175 253 10 85.0

Widowed............................................................. 88 188 21 107.4

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not

sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as

Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Women's

earnings 

 as

percent

of men's 

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

Characteristic

39
Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours usually worked and sex, 

2007 annual averages 

Women

Total, 16 years and older................................ 129,767 $608 $1 62,299 $513 $1

1 to 34 hours.......................................................... 19,820 216 1 13,624 222 2

1 to 4 hours........................................................ 453 63 4 308 60 4

5 to 9 hours........................................................ 1,074 71 2 734 73 2

10 to 14 hours.................................................... 1,751 104 1 1,202 106 2

15 to 19 hours.................................................... 2,586 145 2 1,818 149 2

20 to 24 hours.................................................... 6,072 202 2 4,151 208 2

25 to 29 hours.................................................... 2,630 248 3 1,805 255 3

30 to 34 hours.................................................... 5,255 322 3 3,605 332 5

35 hours or more................................................... 101,610 695 2 44,782 617 2

35 to 39 hours.................................................... 7,766 469 5 5,347 473 6

40 hours............................................................. 72,028 636 2 32,937 597 2

41 hours or more................................................ 21,816 1,031 6 6,497 939 7

41 to 44 hours................................................. 1,321 769 12 541 729 18

45 to 48 hours................................................. 6,270 927 8 2,162 864 12

49 to 59 hours................................................. 9,545 1,110 11 2,742 1,026 14

60 hours or more............................................. 4,680 1,164 11 1,052 1,056 37

Hours vary................................................... 8,338 476 8 3,893 323 6

Usually less than 35 hours.............................. 2,352 180 4 1,516 176 5

Usually 35 hours or more.............................. 5,729 670 11 2,260 497 10

See note at end of table.

Both sexes

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Hours of work Standard

error 

of

median 

Median 

weekly

earnings

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

 40
Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours 

usually worked and sex, 2007 annual averages—Continued 

Men

Total, 16 years and older................................ 67,468 $708 $3 72.5

1 to 34 hours.......................................................... 6,196 205 2 108.3

1 to 4 hours........................................................ 145 74 13 81.1

5 to 9 hours........................................................ 340 67 3 109.0

10 to 14 hours.................................................... 548 101 2 105.0

15 to 19 hours.................................................... 768 135 3 110.4

20 to 24 hours.................................................... 1,920 191 3 108.9

25 to 29 hours.................................................... 825 234 5 109.0

30 to 34 hours.................................................... 1,650 306 5 108.5

35 hours or more................................................... 56,828 765 3 80.7

35 to 39 hours.................................................... 2,419 458 10 103.3

40 hours............................................................. 39,091 685 3 87.2

41 hours or more................................................ 15,319 1,080 8 86.9

41 to 44 hours................................................. 780 813 23 89.7

45 to 48 hours................................................. 4,108 966 11 89.4

49 to 59 hours................................................. 6,803 1,145 8 89.6

60 hours or more............................................. 3,628 1,200 17 88.0

Hours vary................................................... 4,444 638 14 50.6

Usually less than 35 hours.............................. 836 186 6 94.6

Usually 35 hours or more.............................. 3,470 778 15 63.9

NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time workers. Estimates for the above

"hours vary" groups do not sum to totals because data are not presented for a small number of

multiple jobholders whose usual number of hours on the principal job is not identifiable.

Women's

earnings 

 as

percent

of men's

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

Hours of work

 41
Table 6. Quartiles and selected deciles of usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary 

workers, by selected characteristics, 2007 annual averages

Upper limit of:

SEX, RACE, AND HISPANIC

OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Total, 16 years and older............................. 107,339 $330 $464 $695 $1,070 $1,602

Women..................................................... 47,041 309 418 614 922 1,346

Men........................................................... 60,298 357 502 766 1,192 1,836

White............................................................ 86,653 336 478 716 1,102 1,647

Women..................................................... 36,764 312 425 626 938 1,367

Men........................................................... 49,889 366 513 788 1,224 1,876

Black or African American............................ 13,061 304 400 569 834 1,207

Women..................................................... 6,874 295 387 533 774 1,144

Men........................................................... 6,186 316 415 600 891 1,283

Asian............................................................ 5,155 358 511 830 1,335 1,894

Women..................................................... 2,297 326 468 731 1,124 1,585

Men........................................................... 2,858 392 588 936 1,526 2,058

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.......................... 16,201 289 362 503 755 1,148

Women..................................................... 5,953 275 332 473 696 1,030

Men........................................................... 10,248 299 380 520 794 1,202

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Total, 25 years and older............................. 96,089 353 495 738 1,133 1,668

Less than a high school diploma.............. 8,746 278 326 428 603 839

High school, no college1

 .......................... 27,997 324 428 604 860 1,175

Some college or associate degree........... 26,190 373 499 704 1,002 1,391

Bachelor's degree and higher 2

 .............. 33,157 519 740 1,072 1,578 2,287

Women, 25 years and older......................... 42,249 323 444 646 960 1,392

Less than a high school diploma.............. 2,756 248 297 369 483 624

High school, no college1

 .......................... 11,744 295 382 512 698 938

Some college or associate degree........... 12,475 337 446 609 845 1,151

Bachelor's degree and higher 2

 .............. 15,274 486 667 932 1,313 1,841

Men, 25 years and older.............................. 53,840 385 547 823 1,258 1,887

Less than a high school diploma.............. 5,990 290 356 481 656 915

High school, no college1

 .......................... 16,253 368 493 689 968 1,326

Some college or associate degree........... 13,715 412 581 810 1,150 1,537

Bachelor's degree and higher 2

 .............. 17,883 587 832 1,243 1,866 2,592

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or

equivalent. 2 Includes persons with a bachelor's, master's,

professional, or doctoral degree.

NOTE: Ten percent of all full-time wage and salary

workers earn less than the upper limit of the first decile; 25

percent earn less than the upper limit of the first quartile;

50 percent earn less than the upper limit of the

Characteristic

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

second quartile, or median; 75 percent earn less than the

upper limit of the third quartile; and 90 percent earn less

than the upper limit of the ninth decile. Estimates for the

above race groups (white, black or African American, and

Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented

for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as

Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

First 

decile

First 

quartile

Second

quartile 

(median) 

Third 

quartile

Ninth 

decile

42
Table 7. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected 

characteristics, 2007 annual averages 

(In thousands)

Number of workers by usual weekly earnings

AGE AND SEX

 Total, 16 years and older...... 107,339 971 2,147 9,022 19,258 26,489 18,262 18,003 13,187

16 to 24 years........................... 11,250 214 634 2,401 3,850 2,755 889 387 121

 16 to 19 years........................ 1,673 71 195 608 531 211 33 15 9

 20 to 24 years........................ 9,577 143 439 1,793 3,319 2,544 856 372 112

25 years and older.................... 96,089 756 1,513 6,621 15,408 23,733 17,374 17,617 13,066

 25 to 34 years........................ 25,869 210 503 2,247 5,181 7,298 4,764 3,801 1,866

 35 to 44 years........................ 26,999 183 358 1,760 3,983 6,416 4,863 5,242 4,194

 45 to 54 years........................ 26,693 192 371 1,584 3,670 6,307 4,834 5,433 4,302

 55 to 64 years........................ 14,196 104 173 801 2,114 3,165 2,588 2,866 2,384

 65 years and older................. 2,332 67 109 229 460 547 325 274 319

 Women, 16 years and older.. 47,041 522 1,263 5,084 9,885 12,494 7,714 6,560 3,520

16 to 24 years........................... 4,792 114 344 1,164 1,638 1,066 331 106 29

 16 to 19 years........................ 646 34 98 263 194 48 7 - 2

 20 to 24 years........................ 4,146 80 246 901 1,443 1,019 325 106 26

25 years and older.................... 42,249 407 919 3,920 8,247 11,428 7,382 6,454 3,491

 25 to 34 years........................ 10,934 110 293 1,156 2,414 3,228 1,912 1,307 514

 35 to 44 years........................ 11,534 104 232 1,100 2,121 3,006 2,056 1,828 1,087

 45 to 54 years........................ 12,193 109 240 1,042 2,154 3,253 2,105 2,091 1,199

 55 to 64 years........................ 6,625 58 109 498 1,326 1,681 1,186 1,133 634

 65 years and older................. 964 26 45 125 233 259 123 94 57

 Men, 16 years and older....... 60,298 449 884 3,938 9,373 13,994 10,549 11,444 9,667

16 to 24 years........................... 6,458 100 290 1,237 2,212 1,689 557 281 92

 16 to 19 years........................ 1,027 37 97 345 337 163 26 15 7

 20 to 24 years........................ 5,431 63 193 892 1,875 1,525 531 266 86

25 years and older.................... 53,840 349 594 2,702 7,161 12,305 9,992 11,163 9,575

 25 to 34 years........................ 14,935 100 210 1,091 2,767 4,070 2,851 2,494 1,352

 35 to 44 years........................ 15,466 79 125 661 1,862 3,410 2,807 3,414 3,108

 45 to 54 years........................ 14,500 83 131 542 1,516 3,054 2,729 3,342 3,102

 55 to 64 years........................ 7,571 46 64 304 788 1,484 1,402 1,733 1,750

 65 years and older................. 1,368 41 63 104 227 288 202 180 263

See note at end of table.

$250.00

to

$349.99

Total 

employed Under 

$150.00

$350.00 

to 

$499.99

$150.00

to

$249.99

Characteristic $500.00 

to 

$749.99

$750.00 

to 

$999.99

$1,000.00 

to 

$1,499.99

$1,500.00 

or 

more

43
Table 7. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected 

characteristics, 2007 annual averages—Continued

(In thousands)

Number of workers by usual weekly earnings

RACE, HISPANIC OR

 LATINO ETHNICITY, 

AND SEX

White..................................... 86,653 756 1,623 6,861 14,720 21,238 15,117 15,058 11,280

Women...................................... 36,764 406 949 3,773 7,434 9,797 6,247 5,267 2,892

Men........................................... 49,889 351 674 3,088 7,286 11,441 8,869 9,791 8,389

Black or African American..... 13,061 132 378 1,534 3,244 3,592 1,904 1,581 696

Women...................................... 6,874 76 227 947 1,783 1,907 900 735 300

Men........................................... 6,186 56 152 587 1,461 1,684 1,003 847 396

Asian...................................... 5,155 55 83 329 739 1,012 887 1,015 1,034

Women...................................... 2,297 22 48 205 393 488 427 431 283

Men........................................... 2,858 33 36 124 346 524 461 585 751

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.... 16,201 155 548 2,796 4,409 4,042 1,942 1,498 810

Women...................................... 5,953 83 295 1,258 1,615 1,401 631 455 215

Men........................................... 10,248 73 253 1,539 2,794 2,641 1,310 1,042 595

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not

presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates data not

available or does not meet publication standards. 

$250.00

to

$349.99

Total 

employed Under 

$150.00

$350.00 

to 

$499.99

$150.00

to

$249.99

Characteristic $500.00 

to 

$749.99

$750.00 

to 

$999.99

$1,000.00 

to 

$1,499.99

$1,500.00 

or 

more

44
Table 8. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by sex, marital 

status, and presence and age of own children under 18 years old, 2007 annual averages

WOMEN

Total, all marital statuses................................................ 47,041 $614 $2

With children under 18 years old.................................... 17,654 605 3

With children 6 to 17 years, none younger..................... 10,952 621 4

With children under 6 years old.................................... 6,702 578 5

With no children under 18 years old................................. 29,387 619 2

Total, married, spouse present.......................................... 24,567 665 3

With children under 18 years old.................................... 11,665 658 5

With children 6 to 17 years, none younger..................... 7,077 658 6

With children under 6 years old.................................... 4,589 656 8

With no children under 18 years old................................. 12,902 671 5

Total, other marital statuses .......................................... 22,474 568 3

With children under 18 years old.................................... 5,988 514 3

With children 6 to 17 years, none younger..................... 3,876 571 7

With children under 6 years old.................................... 2,113 448 7

With no children under 18 years old................................. 16,486 588 3

MEN

Total, all marital statuses................................................ 60,298 766 2

With children under 18 years old.................................... 22,367 874 5

With children 6 to 17 years, none younger..................... 12,022 924 6

With children under 6 years old.................................... 10,345 812 7

With no children under 18 years old................................. 37,931 713 3

Total, married, spouse present.......................................... 36,359 886 4

With children under 18 years old.................................... 20,677 894 5

With children 6 to 17 years, none younger..................... 11,008 939 7

With children under 6 years old.................................... 9,669 838 8

With no children under 18 years old................................. 15,682 878 5

Total, other marital statuses .......................................... 23,939 616 3

With children under 18 years old.................................... 1,690 683 14

With children 6 to 17 years, none younger..................... 1,014 776 19

With children under 6 years old.................................... 676 572 15

With no children under 18 years old................................. 22,249 612 3

Characteristic

Number of 

workers

(in thousands)

Median 

weekly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

1

1

Excluded are other related children such as

grandchildren, nieces, nephews, and cousins, as well as

unrelated children.

 

1 Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and

widowed persons.

NOTE: Children refer to "own" children and include

sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children.

45
Table 9. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected 

characteristics, 2007 annual averages 

AGE

Total, 16 years and older................................ 75,873 $11.95 $0.02 38,082 $10.98 $0.03

16 to 24 years........................................................ 16,275 8.65 .04 7,961 8.15 .02

16 to 19 years..................................................... 5,434 7.57 .03 2,782 7.41 .03

20 to 24 years..................................................... 10,841 9.66 .07 5,179 9.00 .04

25 years and older................................................. 59,597 13.16 .04 30,121 12.05 .03

25 to 34 years..................................................... 16,912 12.05 .03 7,798 11.21 .08

35 to 44 years..................................................... 16,026 13.93 .06 8,045 12.36 .10

45 to 54 years..................................................... 15,551 14.39 .11 8,179 12.85 .07

55 to 64 years..................................................... 8,613 13.71 .12 4,714 12.23 .10

65 years and older.............................................. 2,495 10.37 .14 1,386 10.15 .07

RACE AND HISPANIC OR

LATINO ETHNICITY

White...................................................................... 61,061 12.08 .02 30,117 11.06 .04

Black or African American...................................... 9,965 10.89 .07 5,483 10.45 .11

Asian...................................................................... 2,730 12.22 .14 1,469 11.83 .12

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................... 13,168 10.24 .06 5,372 9.80 .05

MARITAL STATUS

Never married........................................................ 26,868 9.87 .02 12,424 9.14 .03

Married, spouse present........................................ 35,893 13.90 .04 17,628 12.21 .05

Other marital status................................................ 13,112 12.22 .06 8,031 11.76 .08

Divorced............................................................. 8,273 13.11 .08 5,016 12.19 .08

Separated........................................................... 3,312 10.91 .11 1,790 10.22 .09

Widowed............................................................. 1,527 11.15 .21 1,225 10.93 .19

UNION AFFILIATION1

Members of unions ............................................... 9,486 17.56 .15 3,564 15.09 .10

Represented by a union ....................................... 10,321 17.25 .13 3,988 15.01 .09

Not represented by a union.................................... 65,552 11.26 .04 34,095 10.59 .05

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Total, 25 years and older....................................... 59,597 13.16 .04 30,121 12.05 .03

Less than a high school diploma........................ 8,080 10.00 .03 3,072 8.77 .06

High school, no college .................................... 22,650 12.65 .06 10,848 11.05 .05

Some college or associate degree..................... 18,594 14.07 .05 10,204 12.80 .07

Bachelor's degree and higher 5

 .......................... 10,273 17.75 .15 5,998 17.16 .20

See footnotes at end of table.

Both sexes Women

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Characteristic Median 

hourly

earnings

3

2

4

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Standard

error 

of

median 

Median 

hourly

earnings

 46
Table 9. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates,

by selected characteristics, 2007 annual averages—Continued 

Men

AGE

Total, 16 years and older................................ 37,790 $12.95 $0.04 84.8

16 to 24 years........................................................ 8,314 9.13 .04 89.3

16 to 19 years..................................................... 2,652 7.77 .04 95.4

20 to 24 years..................................................... 5,662 9.96 .03 90.4

25 years and older................................................. 29,476 14.75 .06 81.7

25 to 34 years..................................................... 9,114 12.83 .07 87.4

35 to 44 years..................................................... 7,981 15.17 .06 81.5

45 to 54 years..................................................... 7,372 16.15 .12 79.6

55 to 64 years..................................................... 3,899 15.45 .24 79.2

65 years and older.............................................. 1,110 11.01 .24 92.2

RACE AND HISPANIC OR

LATINO ETHNICITY

White...................................................................... 30,944 13.22 .07 83.7

Black or African American...................................... 4,482 11.57 .16 90.3

Asian...................................................................... 1,260 13.22 .37 89.5

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.................................... 7,796 11.07 .07 88.5

MARITAL STATUS

Never married........................................................ 14,444 10.14 .02 90.1

Married, spouse present........................................ 18,265 15.18 .05 80.4

Other marital status................................................ 5,081 13.86 .11 84.8

Divorced............................................................. 3,257 14.87 .09 82.0

Separated........................................................... 1,522 11.87 .13 86.1

Widowed............................................................. 302 12.62 .96 86.6

UNION AFFILIATION 1

Members of unions ............................................... 5,922 19.10 .17 79.0

Represented by a union ....................................... 6,333 18.91 .15 79.4

Not represented by a union.................................... 31,457 12.09 .03 87.6

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Total, 25 years and older....................................... 29,476 14.75 .06 81.7

Less than a high school diploma........................ 5,008 11.03 .07 79.5

High school, no college .................................... 11,802 14.76 .08 74.9

Some college or associate degree..................... 8,391 15.83 .11 80.9

Bachelor's degree and higher 5

 .......................... 4,275 18.10 .14 94.8

1 Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of

factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of male

and female employees by occupation, industry, firm size, or geographic region.

 2 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.

3 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union, as well as to

workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee

association contract. 

 4

 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

 5

 Includes persons with a bachelor's, master's, professional, or doctoral degree.

NOTE: Workers paid by the hour account for approximately three-fifths of all wage and salary

workers. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum

to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic

or Latino may be of any race.

Women's

earnings 

 as

percent

of men's 

Median 

hourly

earnings

Standard

error 

of

median 

Number

of 

workers

(in

thousands)

Characteristic

3

2

4

 47
Table 10. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and selected 

characteristics, 2007 annual averages

(In thousands)

Number of workers by hourly earnings

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and older...... 75,873 926 152 1,062 9,445 12,960 12,296 12,717 12,525 13,789

16 to 24 years............................. 16,275 384 76 609 4,747 4,315 2,881 1,812 1,028 423

16 to 19 years.......................... 5,434 127 28 387 2,553 1,453 540 212 98 38

20 to 24 years.......................... 10,841 257 48 223 2,194 2,862 2,341 1,601 929 385

25 years and older...................... 59,597 542 75 453 4,698 8,645 9,415 10,905 11,498 13,366

25 to 34 years.......................... 16,912 271 28 162 1,620 2,848 2,983 3,398 2,988 2,615

35 to 44 years.......................... 16,026 128 21 115 1,171 2,141 2,314 2,820 3,353 3,963

45 to 54 years.......................... 15,551 85 15 81 977 1,895 2,252 2,729 3,181 4,337

55 to 64 years.......................... 8,613 44 9 56 550 1,214 1,366 1,558 1,663 2,154

65 years and older................... 2,495 15 3 40 380 547 500 400 314 296

Women, 16 years and older. 38,082 644 116 661 5,658 7,443 6,490 6,326 5,341 5,404

16 to 24 years............................. 7,961 285 62 365 2,647 2,143 1,227 728 334 170

16 to 19 years.......................... 2,782 89 20 223 1,408 731 216 62 23 11

20 to 24 years.......................... 5,179 196 42 143 1,239 1,412 1,011 665 311 159

25 years and older...................... 30,121 359 54 295 3,011 5,300 5,263 5,599 5,007 5,234

25 to 34 years.......................... 7,798 168 19 110 944 1,533 1,387 1,533 1,124 980

35 to 44 years.......................... 8,045 90 15 72 794 1,368 1,302 1,420 1,441 1,544

45 to 54 years.......................... 8,179 61 11 53 683 1,282 1,394 1,504 1,462 1,730

55 to 64 years.......................... 4,714 31 8 37 357 792 898 918 820 853

65 years and older................... 1,386 9 2 23 233 325 282 224 161 126

Men, 16 years and older....... 37,790 282 36 401 3,787 5,517 5,807 6,391 7,184 8,385

16 to 24 years............................. 8,314 99 14 244 2,101 2,171 1,654 1,085 693 253

16 to 19 years.......................... 2,652 38 8 164 1,145 722 324 150 75 27

20 to 24 years.......................... 5,662 62 7 80 955 1,450 1,330 935 618 226

25 years and older...................... 29,476 183 22 157 1,686 3,345 4,153 5,306 6,491 8,132

25 to 34 years.......................... 9,114 103 9 51 675 1,315 1,597 1,865 1,863 1,636

35 to 44 years.......................... 7,981 37 6 42 377 774 1,012 1,401 1,912 2,419

45 to 54 years.......................... 7,372 23 4 28 294 613 858 1,225 1,719 2,607

55 to 64 years.......................... 3,899 13 1 19 193 422 468 640 843 1,301

65 years and older................... 1,110 6 1 17 147 222 218 176 153 170

See note at end of table.

$5.00

to

$5.99

Total 

employed Under 

$4.00

$4.00

to

$4.99

Characteristic $20.00

or 

more

$6.00

to

$7.99

$8.00

to

$9.99

$10.00

to

$11.99

$12.00

to

$14.99

$15.00

to

$19.99

48
Table 10. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and selected 

characteristics, 2007 annual averages—Continued

(In thousands)

Number of workers by hourly earnings

RACE, HISPANIC OR

 LATINO ETHNICITY, 

AND SEX

White........................................ 61,061 787 132 808 7,447 10,075 9,654 10,106 10,392 11,659

Women........................................ 30,117 537 102 486 4,483 5,778 5,048 4,922 4,354 4,407

Men............................................. 30,944 250 30 323 2,964 4,298 4,605 5,184 6,038 7,252

Black or African American....... 9,965 83 10 189 1,388 2,007 1,860 1,843 1,390 1,194

Women........................................ 5,483 67 7 128 833 1,157 1,037 1,009 654 589

Men............................................. 4,482 17 3 61 555 851 823 834 736 604

Asian........................................ 2,730 30 8 21 312 438 429 419 429 644

Women........................................ 1,469 18 6 18 178 272 235 232 207 303

Men............................................. 1,260 12 2 2 134 166 194 186 222 341

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity...... 13,168 113 16 178 2,133 2,949 2,416 2,183 1,789 1,391

Women........................................ 5,372 63 8 96 1,161 1,376 894 782 571 420

Men............................................. 7,796 49 7 82 972 1,573 1,521 1,401 1,218 971

NOTE: Workers paid hourly rates represent approximately three-fifths of all wage and salary workers. Estimates for the above race

groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose

ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. 

$5.00

to

$5.99

Total 

employed Under 

$4.00

$4.00

to

$4.99

Characteristic $20.00

or 

more

$6.00

to

$7.99

$8.00

to

$9.99

$10.00

to

$11.99

$12.00

to

$14.99

$15.00

to

$19.99

49
Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing 

Federal minimum wage, by selected characteristics, 2007 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Workers paid hourly rates

Total at or below 

prevailing Federal 

minimum wage

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and older....................................... 75,873 1,462 267 1,729 2.3

16 to 24 years.............................................................. 16,275 669 145 814 5.0

16 to 19 years........................................................... 5,434 280 93 373 6.9

20 to 24 years........................................................... 10,841 389 52 441 4.1

25 years and older....................................................... 59,597 793 122 915 1.5

25 to 34 years........................................................... 16,912 366 35 401 2.4

35 to 44 years........................................................... 16,026 187 39 226 1.4

45 to 54 years........................................................... 15,551 128 20 148 1.0

55 to 64 years........................................................... 8,613 75 17 92 1.1

65 years and older.................................................... 2,495 38 11 49 2.0

Women, 16 years and older.................................. 38,082 1,002 181 1,183 3.1

16 to 24 years.............................................................. 7,961 479 93 572 7.2

16 to 19 years........................................................... 2,782 182 56 238 8.6

20 to 24 years........................................................... 5,179 297 37 334 6.4

25 years and older....................................................... 30,121 523 88 611 2.0

25 to 34 years........................................................... 7,798 228 26 254 3.3

35 to 44 years........................................................... 8,045 129 27 156 1.9

45 to 54 years........................................................... 8,179 91 16 107 1.3

55 to 64 years........................................................... 4,714 53 12 65 1.4

65 years and older.................................................... 1,386 22 7 29 2.1

Men, 16 years and older........................................ 37,790 460 86 546 1.4

16 to 24 years.............................................................. 8,314 190 52 242 2.9

16 to 19 years........................................................... 2,652 99 37 136 5.1

20 to 24 years........................................................... 5,662 92 14 106 1.9

25 years and older....................................................... 29,476 270 34 304 1.0

25 to 34 years........................................................... 9,114 138 10 148 1.6

35 to 44 years........................................................... 7,981 58 12 70 .9

45 to 54 years........................................................... 7,372 36 4 40 .5

55 to 64 years........................................................... 3,899 23 5 28 .7

65 years and older.................................................... 1,110 16 4 20 1.8

See footnotes at end of table.

At

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

Total

Number

Below

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

Characteristic

Percent of 

workers 

paid hourly 

rates

50
Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing 

Federal minimum wage, by selected characteristics, 2007 annual averages—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Workers paid hourly rates

Total at or below 

prevailing Federal 

minimum wage

RACE, HISPANIC OR LATINO

ETHNICITY, AND SEX

White......................................................................... 61,061 1,216 204 1,420 2.3

Women......................................................................... 30,117 818 131 949 3.2

Men.............................................................................. 30,944 398 73 471 1.5

Black or African American........................................ 9,965 150 55 205 2.1

Women......................................................................... 5,483 111 45 156 2.8

Men.............................................................................. 4,482 39 10 49 1.1

Asian, 16 years and older......................................... 2,730 50 1 51 1.9

Women......................................................................... 1,469 36 1 37 2.5

Men.............................................................................. 1,260 14 - 14 1.1

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................... 13,168 205 41 246 1.9

Women......................................................................... 5,372 110 22 132 2.5

Men.............................................................................. 7,796 95 19 114 1.5

FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS AND SEX 1

Full-time workers...................................................... 57,745 658 94 752 1.3

Women......................................................................... 25,743 405 64 469 1.8

Men.............................................................................. 32,003 253 30 283 .9

Part-time workers...................................................... 17,997 799 172 971 5.4

Women......................................................................... 12,276 594 117 711 5.8

Men.............................................................................. 5,721 204 56 260 4.5

1 The distinction between full- and part-time workers

is based on hours usually worked. These data do not

sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the

principal job is not identifiable for a small number of

multiple jobholders.

 NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, 

black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to

totals because data are not presented for all races.

Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or

Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates data not

available or does not meet publication standards. 

At

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

Total

Number

Below

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

Characteristic

Percent of 

workers 

paid hourly 

rates

51
Table 12. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in current dollars by sex 

and age, 1979–2007 annual averages

25 years and older

BOTH SEXES

1979.................. $241 $172 $144 $186 $265 $255 $280 $276 $262 $198

1980.................. 262 187 154 200 286 276 302 298 285 203

1981.................. 284 200 161 213 308 296 326 320 309 222

1982.................. 302 208 164 220 327 311 354 345 325 253

1983.................. 313 211 164 223 343 321 370 367 346 261

1984.................. 326 217 169 231 362 335 389 385 366 272

1985.................. 344 224 174 240 379 349 406 400 381 297

1986 .................. 359 232 178 248 391 360 419 416 397 298

1987.................. 374 243 186 259 403 373 435 429 405 310

1988.................. 385 249 196 266 414 383 450 453 419 323

1989.................. 399 259 204 276 427 394 472 472 431 334

1990 .................. 412 269 209 285 449 407 486 489 457 343

1991.................. 426 277 213 291 467 415 498 507 469 381

1992.................. 440 276 212 290 479 422 503 522 483 378

1993.................. 459 282 214 297 491 436 517 542 492 393

1994 .................. 467 286 221 300 500 439 537 566 501 384

1995.................. 479 292 231 306 510 451 550 582 514 389

1996.................. 490 298 240 312 520 463 559 594 535 384

1997 .................. 503 306 252 321 540 481 579 607 558 393

1998 .................. 523 319 268 339 572 502 597 620 592 405

1999 .................. 549 341 281 363 592 518 611 652 604 404

2000 .................. 576 361 297 383 609 549 625 669 620 463

2001.................. 596 375 305 394 630 576 657 693 638 488

2002.................. 608 381 305 399 646 591 668 706 674 502

2003 .................. 620 387 311 402 662 594 687 723 708 516

2004 .................. 638 390 309 406 683 604 713 743 725 560

2005 .................. 651 397 318 411 696 610 731 748 742 569

2006 .................. 671 409 324 423 718 621 748 773 765 583

2007 .................. 695 424 337 450 738 643 769 790 803 605

See footnote at end of table.

16 to 24 years

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

65 years

and older

45 to 54 

years

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

52
Table 12. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in current dollars by sex 

and age, 1979–2007 annual averages—Continued

25 years and older

WOMEN

1979.................. $182 $154 $132 $161 $195 $199 $196 $192 $189 $170

1980.................. 201 167 145 175 213 218 214 209 205 175

1981.................. 219 180 154 191 233 239 238 225 222 189

1982.................. 239 192 158 201 255 258 258 252 245 211

1983.................. 252 198 158 207 268 272 272 264 257 212

1984.................. 265 203 162 213 283 285 292 279 270 219

1985.................. 277 211 166 221 296 296 307 292 285 242

1986 .................. 291 219 170 231 308 306 319 308 296 256

1987.................. 303 227 172 242 321 316 337 324 308 261

1988.................. 315 235 184 251 335 327 354 339 317 280

1989.................. 328 246 197 260 351 340 370 357 333 292

1990 .................. 346 254 198 269 369 356 390 377 348 300

1991.................. 366 266 205 280 387 371 407 398 363 319

1992.................. 380 267 205 280 400 382 418 417 376 328

1993.................. 393 273 205 289 415 395 435 440 395 335

1994 .................. 399 276 211 290 421 397 448 450 398 336

1995.................. 406 275 215 291 428 403 453 464 403 353

1996.................. 418 284 223 298 444 415 463 481 420 334

1997 .................. 431 292 240 306 462 427 482 495 433 348

1998 .................. 456 305 249 319 485 451 498 516 476 350

1999 .................. 473 324 266 343 497 470 503 534 492 370

2000 .................. 493 344 283 366 516 493 521 564 508 392

2001.................. 512 353 288 375 543 512 547 587 536 390

2002.................. 529 367 295 385 568 530 571 602 574 430

2003 .................. 552 371 299 387 584 546 590 609 601 435

2004 .................. 573 375 293 391 599 561 608 625 615 478

2005 .................. 585 381 304 396 612 573 621 644 639 492

2006 .................. 600 395 305 413 627 583 645 659 658 510

2007 .................. 614 409 318 426 646 597 668 677 679 534

See footnote at end of table.

16 to 24 years

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

65 years

and older

45 to 54 

years

53
Table 12. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in current dollars by sex 

and age, 1979–2007 annual averages—Continued

25 years and older

MEN

1979.................. $292 $196 $155 $211 $314 $295 $336 $338 $312 $219

1980.................. 313 208 162 224 339 314 367 367 345 229

1981.................. 340 218 168 237 372 340 397 396 377 266

1982.................. 364 225 170 244 393 358 422 419 399 300

1983.................. 379 223 168 242 407 371 442 444 416 308

1984.................. 392 231 174 250 422 382 471 470 439 328

1985.................. 407 241 183 258 443 394 487 489 467 367

1986 .................. 419 246 186 264 463 402 499 506 484 358

1987.................. 434 257 196 275 477 412 510 520 495 380

1988.................. 449 262 205 279 487 421 517 549 509 395

1989.................. 468 271 209 290 500 434 542 569 521 393

1990 .................. 481 282 218 298 512 449 560 591 546 403

1991.................. 493 285 219 300 523 458 576 612 563 467

1992.................. 501 284 218 297 536 466 581 634 579 421

1993.................. 510 288 221 303 555 476 596 653 586 451

1994 .................. 522 294 228 307 576 479 617 671 603 441

1995.................. 538 303 244 315 588 490 624 685 623 441

1996.................. 557 307 251 321 599 499 632 698 643 477

1997 .................. 579 317 262 338 615 515 651 713 669 452

1998 .................. 598 334 281 357 639 544 677 732 699 482

1999 .................. 618 356 291 379 668 577 702 763 725 470

2000 .................. 641 375 306 395 693 598 728 771 735 522

2001.................. 670 391 319 408 720 617 754 799 760 565

2002.................. 679 391 312 410 732 627 759 807 802 583

2003 .................. 695 398 321 412 744 628 775 834 827 612

2004 .................. 713 400 318 417 762 639 804 857 843 641

2005 .................. 722 409 330 422 771 644 822 853 855 644

2006 .................. 743 418 348 435 797 661 836 897 902 658

2007 .................. 766 443 357 472 823 687 873 909 933 686

See footnote at end of table.

16 to 24 years

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

65 years

and older

45 to 54 

years

54
Table 12. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in current dollars by sex 

and age, 1979–2007 annual averages—Continued

25 years and older

WOMEN'S 

EARNINGS

AS PERCENT

 OF MEN'S 

1979.................. 62.3 78.6 85.2 76.3 62.1 67.5 58.3 56.8 60.6 77.6

1980.................. 64.2 80.3 89.5 78.1 62.8 69.4 58.3 56.9 59.4 76.4

1981.................. 64.4 82.6 91.7 80.6 62.6 70.3 59.9 56.8 58.9 71.1

1982.................. 65.7 85.3 92.9 82.4 64.9 72.1 61.1 60.1 61.4 70.3

1983.................. 66.5 88.8 94.0 85.5 65.8 73.3 61.5 59.5 61.8 68.8

1984.................. 67.6 87.9 93.1 85.2 67.1 74.6 62.0 59.4 61.5 66.8

1985.................. 68.1 87.6 90.7 85.7 66.8 75.1 63.0 59.7 61.0 65.9

1986 .................. 69.5 89.0 91.4 87.5 66.5 76.1 63.9 60.9 61.2 71.5

1987.................. 69.8 88.3 87.8 88.0 67.3 76.7 66.1 62.3 62.2 68.7

1988.................. 70.2 89.7 89.8 90.0 68.8 77.7 68.5 61.7 62.3 70.9

1989.................. 70.1 90.8 94.3 89.7 70.2 78.3 68.3 62.7 63.9 74.3

1990 .................. 71.9 90.1 90.8 90.3 72.1 79.3 69.6 63.8 63.7 74.4

1991.................. 74.2 93.3 93.6 93.3 74.0 81.0 70.7 65.0 64.5 68.3

1992.................. 75.8 94.0 94.0 94.3 74.6 82.0 71.9 65.8 64.9 77.9

1993.................. 77.1 94.8 92.8 95.4 74.8 83.0 73.0 67.4 67.4 74.3

1994 .................. 76.4 93.9 92.5 94.5 73.1 82.9 72.6 67.1 66.0 76.2

1995.................. 75.5 90.8 88.1 92.4 72.8 82.2 72.6 67.7 64.7 80.0

1996.................. 75.0 92.5 88.8 92.8 74.1 83.2 73.3 68.9 65.3 70.0

1997 .................. 74.4 92.1 91.6 90.5 75.1 82.9 74.0 69.4 64.7 77.0

1998 .................. 76.3 91.3 88.6 89.4 75.9 82.9 73.6 70.5 68.1 72.6

1999 .................. 76.5 91.0 91.4 90.5 74.4 81.5 71.7 70.0 67.9 78.7

2000 .................. 76.9 91.7 92.5 92.7 74.5 82.4 71.6 73.2 69.1 75.1

2001.................. 76.4 90.3 90.3 91.9 75.4 83.0 72.5 73.5 70.5 69.0

2002.................. 77.9 93.9 94.6 93.9 77.6 84.5 75.2 74.6 71.6 73.8

2003 .................. 79.4 93.2 93.1 93.9 78.5 86.9 76.1 73.0 72.7 71.1

2004 .................. 80.4 93.8 92.1 93.8 78.6 87.8 75.6 72.9 73.0 74.6

2005 .................. 81.0 93.2 92.1 93.8 79.4 89.0 75.5 75.5 74.7 76.4

2006 .................. 80.8 94.5 87.6 94.9 78.7 88.2 77.2 73.5 72.9 77.5

2007 .................. 80.2 92.3 89.1 90.3 78.5 86.9 76.5 74.5 72.8 77.8

16 to 24 years

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

65 years

and older

45 to 54 

years

1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and conceptual changes in

the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical Comparability section of the Household Data technical

documentation provided at http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf. 

55
Table 13. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in constant (2007) dollars

by sex and age, 1979–2007 annual averages

25 years and older

BOTH SEXES

1979.................. $641 $457 $383 $495 $705 $678 $745 $734 $697 $527

1980.................. 628 448 369 480 686 662 724 715 683 487

1981.................. 621 438 352 466 674 648 713 700 676 486

1982.................. 623 429 338 454 674 641 730 711 670 522

1983.................. 620 418 325 442 679 636 733 727 685 517

1984.................. 620 413 321 439 688 637 740 732 696 517

1985.................. 632 412 320 441 697 642 746 735 700 546

1986 .................. 648 419 321 448 706 650 756 751 717 538

1987.................. 653 424 325 452 703 651 759 749 707 541

1988.................. 648 419 330 448 697 645 758 763 705 544

1989.................. 645 418 330 446 690 637 763 763 696 540

1990 .................. 634 414 322 438 691 626 748 752 703 528

1991.................. 632 411 316 432 693 616 739 752 696 565

1992.................. 637 399 307 420 693 611 728 755 699 547

1993.................. 648 398 302 419 694 616 730 766 695 555

1994 .................. 646 396 306 415 692 607 743 783 693 531

1995.................. 647 395 312 414 689 609 743 786 695 526

1996.................. 645 392 316 411 684 609 736 782 704 505

1997 .................. 648 394 325 414 696 620 746 782 719 506

1998 .................. 665 405 341 431 727 638 759 788 752 515

1999 .................. 683 424 350 451 736 644 760 811 751 502

2000 .................. 693 434 357 461 733 661 752 805 746 557

2001.................. 698 439 357 461 738 674 769 811 747 571

2002.................. 700 439 351 460 744 681 770 813 776 578

2003 .................. 699 436 351 453 746 670 775 815 798 582

2004 .................. 700 428 339 446 750 663 783 816 796 615

2005 .................. 691 421 338 436 739 648 776 794 788 604

2006 .................. 690 421 333 435 739 639 770 795 787 600

2007 .................. 695 424 337 450 738 643 769 790 803 605

See footnote at end of table.

16 to 24 years

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

65 years

and older

45 to 54 

years

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

56
Table 13. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in constant (2007) dollars

by sex and age, 1979–2007 annual averages—Continued

25 years and older

WOMEN

1979.................. $484 $410 $351 $428 $519 $529 $521 $511 $503 $452

1980.................. 482 400 348 420 511 523 513 501 492 420

1981.................. 479 394 337 418 510 523 521 492 486 414

1982.................. 493 396 326 414 526 532 532 520 505 435

1983.................. 499 392 313 410 531 539 539 523 509 420

1984.................. 504 386 308 405 538 542 555 530 513 416

1985.................. 509 388 305 406 544 544 564 537 524 445

1986 .................. 525 395 307 417 556 552 576 556 534 462

1987.................. 529 396 300 422 560 551 588 565 538 455

1988.................. 530 396 310 423 564 551 596 571 534 471

1989.................. 530 397 318 420 567 549 598 577 538 472

1990 .................. 532 391 305 414 568 548 600 580 535 462

1991.................. 543 395 304 415 574 550 604 591 539 473

1992.................. 550 386 297 405 579 553 605 603 544 475

1993.................. 555 386 290 408 586 558 614 621 558 473

1994 .................. 552 382 292 401 582 549 620 622 550 465

1995.................. 549 372 291 393 578 545 612 627 545 477

1996.................. 550 374 293 392 584 546 609 633 553 439

1997 .................. 555 376 309 394 595 550 621 638 558 448

1998 .................. 579 388 316 405 616 573 633 656 605 445

1999 .................. 588 403 331 427 618 585 626 664 612 460

2000 .................. 593 414 341 440 621 593 627 679 611 472

2001.................. 600 413 337 439 636 600 641 687 628 457

2002.................. 609 423 340 444 654 611 658 694 661 495

2003 .................. 622 418 337 436 658 616 665 687 678 490

2004 .................. 629 412 322 429 658 616 667 686 675 525

2005 .................. 621 404 323 420 650 608 659 684 678 522

2006 .................. 617 406 314 425 645 600 664 678 677 525

2007 .................. 614 409 318 426 646 597 668 677 679 534

See footnote at end of table.

16 to 24 years

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

65 years

and older

45 to 54 

years

57
Table 13. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in constant (2007) dollars

by sex and age, 1979–2007 annual averages—Continued

25 years and older

MEN

1979.................. $777 $521 $412 $561 $835 $785 $894 $899 $830 $582

1980.................. 751 499 388 537 813 753 880 880 827 549

1981.................. 744 477 368 519 814 744 869 867 825 582

1982.................. 751 464 351 503 810 738 870 864 823 619

1983.................. 750 442 333 479 806 735 875 879 824 610

1984.................. 745 439 331 475 802 726 895 894 835 624

1985.................. 748 443 336 474 814 724 895 899 858 675

1986 .................. 756 444 336 477 836 726 901 913 874 646

1987.................. 757 449 342 480 832 719 890 908 864 663

1988.................. 756 441 345 470 820 709 870 924 857 665

1989.................. 756 438 338 468 808 701 876 919 842 635

1990 .................. 740 434 335 458 788 691 862 909 840 620

1991.................. 731 423 325 445 776 680 855 908 835 693

1992.................. 725 411 315 430 776 674 841 918 838 609

1993.................. 720 407 312 428 784 672 842 922 828 637

1994 .................. 722 407 315 425 797 663 853 928 834 610

1995.................. 727 409 330 426 795 662 843 926 842 596

1996.................. 733 404 330 422 788 657 832 918 846 628

1997 .................. 746 409 338 436 793 664 839 919 862 582

1998 .................. 760 424 357 454 812 691 860 930 888 612

1999 .................. 769 443 362 471 831 718 873 949 902 585

2000 .................. 771 451 368 475 834 720 876 928 884 628

2001.................. 785 458 374 478 843 722 883 936 890 662

2002.................. 782 450 359 472 843 722 874 930 924 672

2003 .................. 784 449 362 464 839 708 874 940 932 690

2004 .................. 783 439 349 458 836 701 883 941 925 704

2005 .................. 766 434 350 448 818 684 873 906 908 684

2006 .................. 764 430 358 448 820 680 860 923 928 677

2007 .................. 766 443 357 472 823 687 873 909 933 686

16 to 24 years

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

65 years

and older

45 to 54 

years

1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been

affected at various times by methodological and conceptual

changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an

explanation, see the Historical Comparability section of the

Household Data technical documentation provided at

http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index research series using

current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to

constant dollars. See Technical Note.

58
Table 14. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in current

dollars by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2007 annual averages 

BOTH SEXES

1979.......................................... $241 $248 $199 - $194

1980.......................................... 262 269 212 - 209

1981.......................................... 284 291 235 - 223

1982.......................................... 302 310 245 - 240

1983.......................................... 313 320 261 - 250

1984.......................................... 326 336 269 - 259

1985.......................................... 344 356 277 - 270

1986 ......................................... 359 371 291 - 277

1987.......................................... 374 384 301 - 285

1988.......................................... 385 395 314 - 290

1989.......................................... 399 409 319 - 298

1990 .......................................... 412 424 329 - 304

1991.......................................... 426 442 348 - 312

1992.......................................... 440 458 357 - 321

1993.......................................... 459 475 369 - 331

1994 .......................................... 467 484 371 - 324

1995.......................................... 479 494 383 - 329

1996.......................................... 490 506 387 - 339

1997 .......................................... 503 519 400 - 351

1998 .......................................... 523 545 426 - 370

1999 .......................................... 549 573 445 - 385

2000 .......................................... 576 590 474 $615 399

2001.......................................... 596 610 491 639 417

2002.......................................... 608 623 498 658 424

2003 .......................................... 620 636 514 693 440

2004 .......................................... 638 657 525 708 456

2005 .......................................... 651 672 520 753 471

2006 .......................................... 671 690 554 784 486

2007 .......................................... 695 716 569 830 503

See footnote at end of table.

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years and 

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

59
Table 14. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in current

dollars by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2007 annual 

averages—Continued

WOMEN

1979.......................................... $182 $184 $169 - $157

1980.......................................... 201 203 185 - 172

1981.......................................... 219 221 206 - 190

1982.......................................... 239 242 217 - 203

1983.......................................... 252 254 232 - 215

1984.......................................... 265 268 241 - 223

1985.......................................... 277 281 252 - 230

1986 .......................................... 291 294 264 - 241

1987.......................................... 303 307 276 - 251

1988.......................................... 315 318 288 - 260

1989.......................................... 328 334 301 - 269

1990 .......................................... 346 353 308 - 278

1991.......................................... 366 373 323 - 292

1992.......................................... 380 387 335 - 302

1993.......................................... 393 401 348 - 313

1994 .......................................... 399 408 346 - 305

1995.......................................... 406 415 355 - 305

1996.......................................... 418 428 362 - 316

1997 .......................................... 431 444 375 - 318

1998 .......................................... 456 468 400 - 337

1999 .......................................... 473 483 409 - 348

2000 .......................................... 493 502 429 $547 366

2001.......................................... 512 522 454 563 388

2002.......................................... 529 547 473 566 397

2003 .......................................... 552 567 491 598 410

2004 .......................................... 573 584 505 613 419

2005 .......................................... 585 596 499 665 429

2006 .......................................... 600 609 519 699 440

2007 .......................................... 614 626 533 731 473

See footnote at end of table.

1

1

1

1

1

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years and 

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

1

1

1

60
Table 14. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in current

dollars by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2007 annual 

averages—Continued

MEN

1979.......................................... $292 $298 $227 - $219

1980.......................................... 313 320 244 - 234

1981.......................................... 340 350 268 - 251

1982.......................................... 364 375 278 - 269

1983.......................................... 379 387 294 - 274

1984.......................................... 392 401 303 - 287

1985.......................................... 407 418 305 - 296

1986 ......................................... 419 433 319 - 299

1987.......................................... 434 450 327 - 306

1988.......................................... 449 465 348 - 308

1989.......................................... 468 482 348 - 315

1990 .......................................... 481 494 361 - 318

1991.......................................... 493 506 375 - 323

1992.......................................... 501 514 380 - 339

1993.......................................... 510 524 392 - 346

1994 .......................................... 522 547 400 - 343

1995.......................................... 538 566 411 - 350

1996.......................................... 557 580 412 - 356

1997 .......................................... 579 595 432 - 371

1998 .......................................... 598 615 468 - 390

1999 .......................................... 618 638 488 - 406

2000 .......................................... 641 662 510 $685 417

2001.......................................... 670 689 529 732 440

2002.......................................... 679 702 524 756 451

2003 .......................................... 695 715 555 772 464

2004 .......................................... 713 732 569 802 480

2005 .......................................... 722 743 559 825 489

2006 .......................................... 743 761 591 882 505

2007 .......................................... 766 788 600 936 520

See footnote at end of table.

1

1

1

1

1

1

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years and 

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

1

1

61
Table 14. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in current

dollars by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2007 annual 

averages—Continued

WOMEN'S EARNINGS

AS PERCENT OF MEN'S 

1979.......................................... 62.3 61.7 74.4 - 71.7

1980.......................................... 64.2 63.4 75.8 - 73.5

1981.......................................... 64.4 63.1 76.9 - 75.7

1982.......................................... 65.7 64.5 78.1 - 75.5

1983.......................................... 66.5 65.6 78.9 - 78.5

1984.......................................... 67.6 66.8 79.5 - 77.7

1985.......................................... 68.1 67.2 82.6 - 77.7

1986 ......................................... 69.5 67.9 82.8 - 80.6

1987.......................................... 69.8 68.2 84.4 - 82.0

1988.......................................... 70.2 68.4 82.8 - 84.4

1989.......................................... 70.1 69.3 86.5 - 85.4

1990 .......................................... 71.9 71.5 85.3 - 87.4

1991.......................................... 74.2 73.7 86.1 - 90.4

1992.......................................... 75.8 75.3 88.2 - 89.1

1993.......................................... 77.1 76.5 88.8 - 90.5

1994 .......................................... 76.4 74.6 86.5 - 88.9

1995.......................................... 75.5 73.3 86.4 - 87.1

1996.......................................... 75.0 73.8 87.9 - 88.8

1997 .......................................... 74.4 74.6 86.8 - 85.7

1998 .......................................... 76.3 76.1 85.5 - 86.4

1999 .......................................... 76.5 75.7 83.8 - 85.7

2000 .......................................... 76.9 75.8 84.1 79.9 87.8

2001.......................................... 76.4 75.8 85.8 76.9 88.2

2002.......................................... 77.9 77.9 90.3 74.9 88.0

2003 .......................................... 79.4 79.3 88.5 77.5 88.4

2004 .......................................... 80.4 79.8 88.8 76.4 87.3

2005 .......................................... 81.0 80.2 89.3 80.6 87.7

2006 .......................................... 80.8 80.0 87.8 79.3 87.1

2007 .......................................... 80.2 79.4 88.8 78.1 91.0

1 The comparability of historical labor force data

has been affected at various times by

methodological and conceptual changes in the

Current Population Survey (CPS). For an

explanation, see the Historical Comparability

section of the Household Data technical

documentation provided at 

http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf . 

NOTE: As of 2003, estimates for the above

race groups (white, black or African American, and

Asian) include persons who selected this race 

group only; persons who selected more than one

race group are not included. Prior to 2003,

persons who reported more than one race were

included in the group they identified as the main

race. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as

Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Data for

2000-2002 are for the category Asians and Pacific

Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate

category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior

to 2000. Dash indicates data not available. 

1

1

1

1

1

1

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years and 

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

1

1

62
Table 15. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in 

constant (2007) dollars by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 

1979–2007 annual averages 

BOTH SEXES

1979.......................................... $641 $660 $529 - $516

1980.......................................... 628 645 508 - 501

1981.......................................... 621 637 514 - 488

1982.......................................... 623 639 505 - 495

1983.......................................... 620 634 517 - 495

1984.......................................... 620 639 511 - 492

1985.......................................... 632 654 509 - 496

1986 ......................................... 648 670 525 - 500

1987.......................................... 653 670 525 - 497

1988.......................................... 648 665 529 - 488

1989.......................................... 645 661 515 - 481

1990 .......................................... 634 652 506 - 468

1991.......................................... 632 656 516 - 463

1992.......................................... 637 663 517 - 465

1993.......................................... 648 671 521 - 468

1994 .......................................... 646 669 513 - 448

1995.......................................... 647 668 518 - 445

1996.......................................... 645 666 509 - 446

1997 .......................................... 648 669 515 - 452

1998 .......................................... 665 693 541 - 470

1999 .......................................... 683 713 553 - 479

2000 .......................................... 693 710 570 $740 480

2001.......................................... 698 714 575 748 488

2002.......................................... 700 718 574 758 488

2003 .......................................... 699 717 579 781 496

2004 .......................................... 700 721 576 777 501

2005 .......................................... 691 713 552 799 500

2006 .......................................... 690 710 570 807 500

2007 .......................................... 695 716 569 830 503

See footnote at end of table.

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years and 

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

63
Table 15. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in 

constant (2007) dollars by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 

1979–2007 annual averages—Continued

WOMEN

1979.......................................... $484 $489 $449 - $418

1980.......................................... 482 487 444 - 412

1981.......................................... 479 484 451 - 416

1982.......................................... 493 499 447 - 419

1983.......................................... 499 503 459 - 426

1984.......................................... 504 510 458 - 424

1985.......................................... 509 517 463 - 423

1986 .......................................... 525 531 477 - 435

1987.......................................... 529 536 482 - 438

1988.......................................... 530 535 485 - 438

1989.......................................... 530 540 486 - 435

1990 .......................................... 532 543 474 - 428

1991.......................................... 543 553 479 - 433

1992.......................................... 550 560 485 - 437

1993.......................................... 555 566 492 - 442

1994 .......................................... 552 564 479 - 422

1995.......................................... 549 561 480 - 412

1996.......................................... 550 563 476 - 416

1997 .......................................... 555 572 483 - 410

1998 .......................................... 579 595 508 - 428

1999 .......................................... 588 601 509 - 433

2000 .......................................... 593 604 516 $658 440

2001.......................................... 600 611 532 659 454

2002.......................................... 609 630 545 652 457

2003 .......................................... 622 639 554 674 462

2004 .......................................... 629 641 554 673 460

2005 .......................................... 621 633 530 706 455

2006 .......................................... 617 627 534 719 453

2007 .......................................... 614 626 533 731 473

See footnote at end of table.

1

1

1

1

1

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years and 

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

1

1

1

64
Table 15. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in 

constant (2007) dollars by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 

1979–2007 annual averages—Continued

MEN

1979.......................................... $777 $793 $604 - $582

1980.......................................... 751 767 585 - 561

1981.......................................... 744 766 586 - 549

1982.......................................... 751 773 573 - 555

1983.......................................... 750 766 582 - 543

1984.......................................... 745 762 576 - 546

1985.......................................... 748 768 561 - 544

1986 ......................................... 756 782 576 - 540

1987.......................................... 757 785 571 - 534

1988.......................................... 756 783 586 - 519

1989.......................................... 756 779 562 - 509

1990 .......................................... 740 760 555 - 489

1991.......................................... 731 751 556 - 479

1992.......................................... 725 744 550 - 491

1993.......................................... 720 740 554 - 489

1994 .......................................... 722 757 553 - 474

1995.......................................... 727 765 555 - 473

1996.......................................... 733 763 542 - 468

1997 .......................................... 746 767 557 - 478

1998 .......................................... 760 781 595 - 496

1999 .......................................... 769 794 607 - 505

2000 .......................................... 771 797 614 $824 502

2001.......................................... 785 807 619 857 515

2002.......................................... 782 809 604 871 520

2003 .......................................... 784 806 626 870 523

2004 .......................................... 783 804 625 880 527

2005 .......................................... 766 789 593 876 519

2006 .......................................... 764 783 608 907 520

2007 .......................................... 766 788 600 936 520

1 The comparability of historical labor force data

has been affected at various times by

methodological and conceptual changes in the

Current Population Survey (CPS). For an

explanation, see the Historical Comparability

section of the Household Data technical

documentation provided at 

http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf . 

NOTE: As of 2003, estimates for the above

race groups (white, black or African American, and

Asian) include persons who selected this race

group only; persons who selected more than one 

race group are not included. Prior to 2003,

persons who reported more than one race were

included in the group they identified as the main

race. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as

Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Data for

2000-2002 are for the category Asians and Pacific

Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate

category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior

to 2000. Dash indicates data not available. The

Consumer Price Index research series using current

methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current

dollars to constant dollars. See Technical Note. 

1

1

1

1

1

1

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years and 

older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

1

1

65
Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years 

and older in current dollars by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2007 annual averages 

BOTH SEXES

1979.......................................... $265 $210 $249 $282 $344

1980.......................................... 286 222 266 304 376

1981.......................................... 308 240 286 324 407

1982.......................................... 327 248 302 351 438

1983.......................................... 343 256 311 363 461

1984.......................................... 362 263 323 382 486

1985.......................................... 379 270 333 399 506

1986 ...................................... 391 278 344 409 525

1987.......................................... 403 284 356 421 564

1988.......................................... 414 288 368 430 585

1989.......................................... 427 297 375 452 609

1990 ....................................... 449 303 386 476 638

1991.......................................... 467 307 397 489 666

1992.......................................... 479 311 403 484 696

1993.......................................... 491 314 415 494 715

1994 ....................................... 500 307 421 499 733

1995.......................................... 510 309 432 508 747

1996.......................................... 520 317 443 518 758

1997 ....................................... 540 321 461 535 779

1998 ....................................... 572 337 479 558 821

1999 ....................................... 592 346 490 580 860

2000 ....................................... 609 362 505 596 891

2001.......................................... 630 382 520 617 921

2002.......................................... 646 388 535 629 941

2003 ....................................... 662 396 554 639 964

2004 ....................................... 683 401 574 661 986

2005 ....................................... 696 409 583 670 1,013

2006 ....................................... 718 419 595 692 1,039

2007 ....................................... 738 428 604 704 1,072

See footnotes at end of table.

Year and sex

Total, 

25 years 

and older

Less than a 

high school 

diploma

High

school, 

no college

Some 

college or 

associate 

degree

Bachelor's 

degree and 

higher

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

1 2

66
Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years 

and older in current dollars by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2007 annual 

averages—Continued

WOMEN

1979.......................................... $195 $152 $185 $211 $264

1980.......................................... 213 164 201 231 290

1981.......................................... 233 175 217 255 318

1982.......................................... 255 184 236 274 346

1983.......................................... 268 195 246 288 369

1984.......................................... 283 200 259 305 390

1985.......................................... 296 202 268 317 414

1986 ...................................... 308 208 277 330 436

1987.......................................... 321 214 288 347 466

1988.......................................... 335 221 298 360 485

1989.......................................... 351 231 304 379 507

1990 ....................................... 369 240 315 395 535

1991.......................................... 387 250 328 409 562

1992.......................................... 400 256 337 407 594

1993.......................................... 415 263 347 422 611

1994 ....................................... 421 257 351 423 634

1995.......................................... 428 262 356 427 644

1996.......................................... 444 268 365 442 657

1997 ....................................... 462 275 378 459 672

1998 ....................................... 485 283 396 476 707

1999 ....................................... 497 290 405 488 740

2000 ....................................... 516 304 420 505 756

2001.......................................... 543 316 443 520 786

2002.......................................... 568 325 458 543 809

2003 ....................................... 584 329 474 560 832

2004 ....................................... 599 334 488 577 860

2005 ....................................... 612 341 493 587 883

2006 ....................................... 627 358 500 602 905

2007 ....................................... 646 369 512 609 932

See footnotes at end of table.

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

Year and sex

Total, 

25 years 

and older

Less than a 

high school 

diploma

High

school, 

no college

Some 

college or 

associate 

degree

Bachelor's 

degree and 

higher 1 2

67
Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years 

and older in current dollars by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2007 annual 

averages—Continued

MEN

1979.......................................... $314 $252 $308 $329 $396

1980.......................................... 339 267 327 358 427

1981.......................................... 372 286 356 389 475

1982.......................................... 393 293 374 411 503

1983.......................................... 407 301 388 422 518

1984.......................................... 422 308 399 446 562

1985.......................................... 443 314 407 472 590

1986 ...................................... 463 321 416 485 618

1987.......................................... 477 324 423 497 653

1988.......................................... 487 332 437 503 679

1989.......................................... 500 346 450 517 705

1990 ....................................... 512 349 459 542 741

1991.......................................... 523 349 470 563 764

1992.......................................... 536 351 479 555 791

1993.......................................... 555 356 487 572 806

1994 ....................................... 576 342 496 587 826

1995.......................................... 588 347 507 596 845

1996.......................................... 599 357 516 604 874

1997 ....................................... 615 365 535 621 896

1998 ....................................... 639 383 559 643 939

1999 ....................................... 668 395 580 665 977

2000 ....................................... 693 406 591 691 1,020

2001.......................................... 720 419 609 723 1,067

2002.......................................... 732 421 617 731 1,090

2003 ....................................... 744 429 628 740 1,131

2004 ....................................... 762 446 645 761 1,143

2005 ....................................... 771 455 652 766 1,167

2006 ....................................... 797 469 678 796 1,205

2007 ....................................... 823 481 689 810 1,243

See footnotes at end of table.

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

Year and sex

Total, 

25 years 

and older

Less than a 

high school 

diploma

High

school, 

no college

Some 

college or 

associate 

degree

Bachelor's 

degree and 

higher 1 2

68
Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years 

and older in current dollars by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2007 annual 

averages—Continued

WOMEN'S EARNINGS

AS PERCENT OF MEN'S 

1979.......................................... 62.1 60.3 60.1 64.1 66.7

1980.......................................... 62.8 61.4 61.5 64.5 67.9

1981.......................................... 62.6 61.2 61.0 65.6 66.9

1982.......................................... 64.9 62.8 63.1 66.7 68.8

1983.......................................... 65.8 64.8 63.4 68.2 71.2

1984.......................................... 67.1 64.9 64.9 68.4 69.4

1985.......................................... 66.8 64.3 65.8 67.2 70.2

1986 ...................................... 66.5 64.8 66.6 68.0 70.6

1987.......................................... 67.3 66.0 68.1 69.8 71.4

1988.......................................... 68.8 66.6 68.2 71.6 71.4

1989.......................................... 70.2 66.8 67.6 73.3 71.9

1990 ....................................... 72.1 68.8 68.6 72.9 72.2

1991.......................................... 74.0 71.6 69.8 72.6 73.6

1992.......................................... 74.6 72.9 70.4 73.3 75.1

1993.......................................... 74.8 73.9 71.3 73.8 75.8

1994 ....................................... 73.1 75.1 70.8 72.1 76.8

1995.......................................... 72.8 75.5 70.2 71.6 76.2

1996.......................................... 74.1 75.1 70.7 73.2 75.2

1997 ....................................... 75.1 75.3 70.7 73.9 75.0

1998 ....................................... 75.9 73.9 70.8 74.0 75.3

1999 ....................................... 74.4 73.4 69.8 73.4 75.7

2000 ....................................... 74.5 74.9 71.1 73.1 74.1

2001.......................................... 75.4 75.4 72.7 71.9 73.7

2002.......................................... 77.6 77.2 74.2 74.3 74.2

2003 ....................................... 78.5 76.7 75.5 75.7 73.6

2004 ....................................... 78.6 74.9 75.7 75.8 75.2

2005 ....................................... 79.4 74.9 75.6 76.6 75.7

2006 ....................................... 78.7 76.3 73.7 75.6 75.1

2007 ....................................... 78.5 76.7 74.3 75.2 75.0

and conceptual changes in the Current

Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see

the Historical Comparability section of the

Household Data technical documentation provided

at http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

Year and sex

Total, 

25 years 

and older

Less than a 

high school 

diploma

High

school, 

no college

Some 

college or 

associate 

degree

Bachelor's 

degree and 

higher 1 2

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or

equivalent. 

2 Includes persons with a bachelor's, master's,

professional, or doctoral degree.

3 The comparability of historical labor force data

has been affected at various times by methodological 

69
Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years 

and older in constant (2007) dollars by sex and educational attainment, 

1979–2007 annual averages 

BOTH SEXES

1979.......................................... $705 $559 $662 $750 $915

1980.......................................... 686 532 638 729 902

1981.......................................... 674 525 626 709 891

1982.......................................... 674 511 623 724 903

1983.......................................... 679 507 616 719 913

1984.......................................... 688 500 614 726 924

1985.......................................... 697 496 612 733 930

1986 ...................................... 706 502 621 738 948

1987.......................................... 703 496 621 735 984

1988.......................................... 697 485 620 724 985

1989.......................................... 690 480 606 730 984

1990 ....................................... 691 466 594 732 982

1991.......................................... 693 455 589 726 988

1992.......................................... 693 450 583 700 1,007

1993.......................................... 694 444 586 698 1,010

1994 ....................................... 692 425 582 690 1,014

1995.......................................... 689 418 584 686 1,009

1996.......................................... 684 417 583 682 997

1997 ....................................... 696 414 594 689 1,004

1998 ....................................... 727 428 609 709 1,043

1999 ....................................... 736 430 609 721 1,070

2000 ....................................... 733 436 608 717 1,072

2001.......................................... 738 447 609 722 1,078

2002.......................................... 744 447 616 725 1,084

2003 ....................................... 746 446 625 720 1,087

2004 ....................................... 750 440 630 726 1,082

2005 ....................................... 739 434 619 711 1,075

2006 ....................................... 739 431 612 712 1,069

2007 ....................................... 738 428 604 704 1,072

See footnotes at end of table.

Year and sex

Total, 

25 years 

and older

Less than a 

high school 

diploma

High

school, 

no college

Some 

college or 

associate 

degree

Bachelor's 

degree and 

higher

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

1 2

70
Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years 

and older in constant (2007) dollars by sex and educational attainment, 

1979–2007 annual averages—Continued

WOMEN

1979.......................................... $519 $404 $492 $561 $702

1980.......................................... 511 393 482 554 695

1981.......................................... 510 383 475 558 696

1982.......................................... 526 379 487 565 713

1983.......................................... 531 386 487 570 731

1984.......................................... 538 380 492 580 741

1985.......................................... 544 371 493 583 761

1986 ...................................... 556 375 500 596 787

1987.......................................... 560 373 503 606 813

1988.......................................... 564 372 502 606 816

1989.......................................... 567 373 491 612 819

1990 ....................................... 568 369 485 608 823

1991.......................................... 574 371 487 607 834

1992.......................................... 579 370 488 589 860

1993.......................................... 586 371 490 596 863

1994 ....................................... 582 355 485 585 877

1995.......................................... 578 354 481 577 870

1996.......................................... 584 353 480 582 864

1997 ....................................... 595 354 487 591 866

1998 ....................................... 616 360 503 605 898

1999 ....................................... 618 361 504 607 920

2000 ....................................... 621 366 505 608 910

2001.......................................... 636 370 519 609 920

2002.......................................... 654 374 528 626 932

2003 ....................................... 658 371 534 631 938

2004 ....................................... 658 367 536 633 944

2005 ....................................... 650 362 523 623 937

2006 ....................................... 645 368 514 619 931

2007 ....................................... 646 369 512 609 932

See footnotes at end of table.

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

Year and sex

Total, 

25 years 

and older

Less than a 

high school 

diploma

High

school, 

no college

Some 

college or 

associate 

degree

Bachelor's 

degree and 

higher 1 2

71
Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years 

and older in constant (2007) dollars by sex and educational attainment, 

1979–2007 annual averages—Continued

MEN

1979.......................................... $835 $670 $819 $875 $1,053

1980.......................................... 813 640 784 859 1,024

1981.......................................... 814 626 779 851 1,039

1982.......................................... 810 604 771 847 1,037

1983.......................................... 806 596 768 836 1,026

1984.......................................... 802 586 759 848 1,068

1985.......................................... 814 577 748 868 1,085

1986 ...................................... 836 579 751 875 1,116

1987.......................................... 832 565 738 867 1,140

1988.......................................... 820 559 736 847 1,143

1989.......................................... 808 559 727 835 1,139

1990 ....................................... 788 537 706 834 1,140

1991.......................................... 776 518 697 835 1,134

1992.......................................... 776 508 693 803 1,145

1993.......................................... 784 503 688 808 1,138

1994 ....................................... 797 473 686 812 1,142

1995.......................................... 795 469 685 805 1,142

1996.......................................... 788 470 679 795 1,150

1997 ....................................... 793 470 689 800 1,155

1998 ....................................... 812 487 710 817 1,193

1999 ....................................... 831 491 721 827 1,215

2000 ....................................... 834 489 711 832 1,227

2001.......................................... 843 491 713 847 1,249

2002.......................................... 843 485 711 842 1,256

2003 ....................................... 839 484 708 834 1,275

2004 ....................................... 836 490 708 835 1,255

2005 ....................................... 818 483 692 813 1,239

2006 ....................................... 820 483 698 819 1,240

2007 ....................................... 823 481 689 810 1,243

Comparability section of the Household Data

technical documentation provided at

http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf .

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index research

series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to

convert current dollars to constant dollars. See

Technical Note.

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

Year and sex

Total, 

25 years 

and older

Less than a 

high school 

diploma

High

school, 

no college

Some 

college or 

associate 

degree

Bachelor's 

degree and 

higher 1 2

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or

equivalent. 

2 Includes persons with a bachelor's, master's,

professional, or doctoral degree.

3 The comparability of historical labor force data

has been affected at various times by methodological

and conceptual changes in the Current Population

Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical

72
Table 18. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in current dollars by sex 

and age, 1979–2007 annual averages

25 years and older

BOTH SEXES

1979.................. $4.44 $3.49 $3.10 $4.02 $5.11 $5.20 $5.29 $5.16 $4.97 $3.23

1980.................. 4.82 3.71 3.22 4.29 5.55 5.66 5.76 5.65 5.39 3.56

1981.................. 5.15 3.97 3.58 4.61 5.99 6.09 6.20 6.01 5.81 3.92

1982.................. 5.40 4.05 3.60 4.66 6.28 6.35 6.61 6.42 6.11 4.12

1983.................. 5.59 4.08 3.61 4.69 6.55 6.50 6.91 6.73 6.41 4.40

1984.................. 5.83 4.18 3.65 4.82 6.84 6.77 7.17 7.08 6.62 4.63

1985.................. 6.03 4.26 3.67 4.94 7.05 6.92 7.49 7.37 6.91 4.74

1986 .................. 6.20 4.41 3.71 5.06 7.23 7.01 7.79 7.73 7.17 4.97

1987.................. 6.47 4.59 3.81 5.21 7.46 7.19 7.94 7.86 7.42 5.08

1988.................. 6.73 4.79 4.03 5.38 7.74 7.43 8.17 8.16 7.48 5.23

1989.................. 6.99 4.95 4.22 5.65 7.94 7.64 8.56 8.42 7.82 5.42

1990 .................. 7.23 5.16 4.49 5.91 8.16 7.90 8.82 8.79 8.02 5.75

1991.................. 7.50 5.26 4.69 6.00 8.48 8.04 9.17 9.11 8.19 5.94

1992.................. 7.72 5.37 4.73 6.03 8.73 8.17 9.38 9.52 8.48 6.14

1993.................. 7.87 5.51 4.80 6.15 8.95 8.27 9.61 9.86 8.90 6.39

1994 .................. 8.01 5.62 4.91 6.22 9.12 8.38 9.92 10.02 9.02 6.39

1995.................. 8.17 5.80 5.04 6.42 9.36 8.71 10.02 10.13 9.20 6.65

1996.................. 8.40 5.94 5.17 6.69 9.62 8.82 10.14 10.24 9.39 6.77

1997 .................. 8.75 6.15 5.51 6.91 9.87 9.04 10.36 10.60 9.73 6.89

1998 .................. 9.10 6.58 5.88 7.24 10.13 9.65 10.86 10.96 10.08 7.40

1999 .................. 9.53 6.87 6.08 7.74 10.47 9.98 11.02 11.33 10.38 7.70

2000 .................. 9.91 7.24 6.41 8.07 10.88 10.18 11.35 11.82 10.82 8.05

2001.................. 10.19 7.69 6.76 8.38 11.40 10.67 11.97 12.17 11.37 8.53

2002.................. 10.47 7.81 6.91 8.47 11.83 10.98 12.18 12.46 11.85 9.07

2003 .................. 10.85 7.90 6.93 8.66 12.05 11.25 12.46 12.97 12.19 9.19

2004 .................. 11.00 7.98 7.00 8.78 12.23 11.37 12.89 13.23 12.58 9.62

2005 .................. 11.19 8.07 7.05 8.91 12.48 11.76 13.11 13.48 12.95 9.93

2006 .................. 11.76 8.24 7.23 9.16 12.94 11.95 13.49 14.03 13.33 10.15

2007 .................. 11.95 8.65 7.57 9.66 13.16 12.05 13.93 14.39 13.71 10.37

See footnote at end of table.

16 to 24 years

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and 

older

Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years

Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

45 to 54 

years

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

65 years

and 

older

73
Table 18. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in current dollars by sex 

and age, 1979–2007 annual averages—Continued

25 years and older

WOMEN

1979.................. $3.62 $3.19 $3.03 $3.52 $3.90 $4.04 $3.97 $3.84 $3.75 $3.12

1980.................. 3.95 3.45 3.14 3.79 4.24 4.44 4.29 4.23 4.08 3.38

1981.................. 4.28 3.71 3.52 4.09 4.69 4.89 4.77 4.59 4.43 3.71

1982.................. 4.61 3.78 3.55 4.19 5.02 5.19 5.08 4.95 4.80 3.93

1983.................. 4.80 3.82 3.55 4.26 5.23 5.44 5.31 5.19 5.07 4.16

1984.................. 4.97 3.93 3.59 4.36 5.48 5.60 5.61 5.51 5.27 4.37

1985.................. 5.13 4.01 3.61 4.56 5.73 5.79 5.91 5.76 5.46 4.43

1986 .................. 5.33 4.11 3.65 4.71 5.95 5.95 6.13 5.99 5.75 4.73

1987.................. 5.60 4.22 3.71 4.89 6.16 6.14 6.35 6.28 6.03 4.85

1988.................. 5.84 4.48 3.91 5.05 6.44 6.36 6.76 6.59 6.08 5.12

1989.................. 6.11 4.69 4.10 5.23 6.78 6.68 7.10 6.90 6.38 5.14

1990 .................. 6.44 4.95 4.35 5.57 7.07 7.01 7.37 7.16 6.73 5.45

1991.................. 6.75 5.08 4.64 5.71 7.34 7.19 7.73 7.61 6.95 5.76

1992.................. 6.96 5.16 4.69 5.77 7.65 7.45 7.99 7.94 7.20 5.97

1993.................. 7.12 5.27 4.73 5.96 7.87 7.61 8.16 8.18 7.56 6.18

1994 .................. 7.25 5.32 4.83 5.98 8.05 7.78 8.44 8.46 7.82 6.24

1995.................. 7.46 5.49 4.94 6.09 8.17 7.92 8.63 8.72 7.93 6.45

1996.................. 7.73 5.68 5.09 6.26 8.43 8.06 8.89 8.94 8.07 6.45

1997 .................. 7.94 5.95 5.42 6.55 8.75 8.20 9.14 9.26 8.31 6.83

1998 .................. 8.23 6.24 5.78 6.93 9.13 8.80 9.66 9.78 8.85 7.21

1999 .................. 8.64 6.60 5.98 7.22 9.53 9.10 9.83 9.95 9.33 7.50

2000 .................. 9.06 7.00 6.23 7.80 9.89 9.69 10.03 10.18 9.84 7.87

2001.................. 9.64 7.25 6.61 8.00 10.20 9.94 10.44 10.85 10.39 8.14

2002.................. 9.89 7.45 6.80 8.11 10.71 10.12 10.98 11.18 10.81 8.73

2003 .................. 10.08 7.59 6.85 8.19 11.01 10.51 11.17 11.79 11.05 8.84

2004 .................. 10.17 7.71 6.86 8.32 11.23 10.62 11.45 11.95 11.57 9.16

2005 .................. 10.31 7.80 6.92 8.50 11.58 10.86 11.84 12.13 11.86 9.82

2006 .................. 10.65 7.99 7.11 8.82 11.87 11.07 12.05 12.26 12.12 9.97

2007 .................. 10.98 8.15 7.41 9.00 12.05 11.21 12.36 12.85 12.23 10.15

See footnote at end of table.

16 to 24 years

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and 

older

Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years

Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

45 to 54 

years

65 years

and 

older

74
Table 18. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in current dollars by sex 

and age, 1979–2007 annual averages—Continued

25 years and older

MEN

1979.................. $5.65 $3.90 $3.19 $4.64 $6.69 $6.38 $7.12 $7.10 $6.59 $3.56

1980.................. 6.10 4.10 3.37 4.92 7.22 6.93 7.81 7.78 7.24 3.79

1981.................. 6.57 4.31 3.64 5.11 7.78 7.33 8.30 8.49 7.88 4.21

1982.................. 6.85 4.38 3.66 5.12 8.08 7.67 8.89 8.88 8.14 4.46

1983.................. 6.92 4.38 3.67 5.05 8.31 7.74 9.22 9.16 8.74 4.75

1984.................. 7.12 4.57 3.72 5.16 8.60 7.88 9.51 9.69 8.86 4.91

1985.................. 7.33 4.68 3.75 5.23 8.85 8.00 9.80 9.97 9.04 4.99

1986 .................. 7.59 4.79 3.82 5.43 9.02 8.03 9.99 10.15 9.54 5.18

1987.................. 7.77 4.91 3.95 5.68 9.16 8.26 10.10 10.24 9.72 5.32

1988.................. 7.91 5.03 4.14 5.79 9.38 8.41 10.22 10.69 9.74 5.52

1989.................. 8.10 5.17 4.39 6.02 9.71 8.56 10.59 10.88 10.00 5.90

1990 .................. 8.27 5.44 4.64 6.18 9.84 8.83 10.73 11.13 10.17 6.08

1991.................. 8.59 5.58 4.74 6.23 9.98 8.94 10.98 11.71 10.08 6.22

1992.................. 8.67 5.65 4.80 6.24 10.06 9.02 10.93 12.02 10.39 6.45

1993.................. 8.86 5.75 4.87 6.33 10.18 9.10 11.16 12.15 10.96 6.71

1994 .................. 9.00 5.88 4.98 6.56 10.29 9.10 11.50 12.10 11.06 6.64

1995.................. 9.23 6.04 5.14 6.82 10.73 9.46 11.89 12.32 11.11 6.85

1996.................. 9.52 6.17 5.25 6.99 10.78 9.70 11.91 12.40 11.15 7.04

1997 .................. 9.83 6.45 5.61 7.18 11.10 9.92 12.07 12.80 11.79 6.96

1998 .................. 10.06 6.91 5.98 7.78 11.72 10.22 12.48 13.04 12.22 7.74

1999 .................. 10.31 7.12 6.18 8.03 12.00 10.84 12.78 13.68 12.21 7.86

2000 .................. 10.81 7.63 6.64 8.39 12.24 10.97 13.14 13.90 12.81 8.31

2001.................. 11.32 8.01 6.90 8.92 12.88 11.58 13.92 14.25 12.95 9.00

2002.................. 11.64 8.05 7.02 8.88 13.05 11.89 13.96 14.40 13.38 9.78

2003 .................. 11.89 8.14 7.02 9.00 13.25 12.01 14.13 14.93 14.09 9.79

2004 .................. 12.02 8.21 7.15 9.07 13.74 12.03 14.60 15.11 14.54 9.90

2005 .................. 12.16 8.42 7.21 9.20 13.91 12.17 14.88 15.13 14.79 10.04

2006 .................. 12.68 8.79 7.43 9.75 14.27 12.63 15.06 16.04 15.04 10.72

2007 .................. 12.95 9.13 7.77 9.96 14.75 12.83 15.17 16.15 15.45 11.01

See footnote at end of table.

16 to 24 years

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and 

older

Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years

Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

45 to 54 

years

65 years

and 

older

75
Table 18. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in current dollars by sex 

and age, 1979–2007 annual averages—Continued

25 years and older

WOMEN'S 

EARNINGS

AS PERCENT

OF MEN'S 

1979.................. 64.1 81.8 95.0 75.9 58.3 63.3 55.8 54.1 56.9 87.6

1980.................. 64.8 84.1 93.2 77.0 58.7 64.1 54.9 54.4 56.4 89.2

1981.................. 65.1 86.1 96.7 80.0 60.3 66.7 57.5 54.1 56.2 88.1

1982.................. 67.3 86.3 97.0 81.8 62.1 67.7 57.1 55.7 59.0 88.1

1983.................. 69.4 87.2 96.7 84.4 62.9 70.3 57.6 56.7 58.0 87.6

1984.................. 69.8 86.0 96.5 84.5 63.7 71.1 59.0 56.9 59.5 89.0

1985.................. 70.0 85.7 96.3 87.2 64.7 72.4 60.3 57.8 60.4 88.8

1986 .................. 70.2 85.8 95.5 86.7 66.0 74.1 61.4 59.0 60.3 91.3

1987.................. 72.1 85.9 93.9 86.1 67.2 74.3 62.9 61.3 62.0 91.2

1988.................. 73.8 89.1 94.4 87.2 68.7 75.6 66.1 61.6 62.4 92.8

1989.................. 75.4 90.7 93.4 86.9 69.8 78.0 67.0 63.4 63.8 87.1

1990 .................. 77.9 91.0 93.8 90.1 71.8 79.4 68.7 64.3 66.2 89.6

1991.................. 78.6 91.0 97.9 91.7 73.5 80.4 70.4 65.0 68.9 92.6

1992.................. 80.3 91.3 97.7 92.5 76.0 82.6 73.1 66.1 69.3 92.6

1993.................. 80.4 91.7 97.1 94.2 77.3 83.6 73.1 67.3 69.0 92.1

1994 .................. 80.6 90.5 97.0 91.2 78.2 85.5 73.4 69.9 70.7 94.0

1995.................. 80.8 90.9 96.1 89.3 76.1 83.7 72.6 70.8 71.4 94.2

1996.................. 81.2 92.1 97.0 89.6 78.2 83.1 74.6 72.1 72.4 91.6

1997 .................. 80.8 92.2 96.6 91.2 78.8 82.7 75.7 72.3 70.5 98.1

1998 .................. 81.8 90.3 96.7 89.1 77.9 86.1 77.4 75.0 72.4 93.2

1999 .................. 83.8 92.7 96.8 89.9 79.4 83.9 76.9 72.7 76.4 95.4

2000 .................. 83.8 91.7 93.8 93.0 80.8 88.3 76.3 73.2 76.8 94.7

2001.................. 85.2 90.5 95.8 89.7 79.2 85.8 75.0 76.1 80.2 90.4

2002.................. 85.0 92.5 96.9 91.3 82.1 85.1 78.7 77.6 80.8 89.3

2003 .................. 84.8 93.2 97.6 91.0 83.1 87.5 79.1 79.0 78.4 90.3

2004 .................. 84.6 93.9 95.9 91.7 81.7 88.3 78.4 79.1 79.6 92.5

2005 .................. 84.8 92.6 96.0 92.4 83.2 89.2 79.6 80.2 80.2 97.8

2006 .................. 84.0 90.9 95.7 90.5 83.2 87.6 80.0 76.4 80.6 93.0

2007 .................. 84.8 89.3 95.4 90.4 81.7 87.4 81.5 79.6 79.2 92.2

16 to 24 years

1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and conceptual changes in

the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical Comparability section of the Household Data technical

documentation provided at http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf. 

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and 

older Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years

Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

45 to 54 

years

65 years

and 

older

76
Table 19. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in constant 

(2007) dollars by sex and age, 1979–2007 annual averages

25 years and older

BOTH SEXES

1979.................. $11.81 $9.28 $8.24 $10.69 $13.59 $13.83 $14.07 $13.72 $13.22 $8.59

1980.................. 11.56 8.90 7.72 10.29 13.31 13.57 13.81 13.55 12.93 8.54

1981.................. 11.27 8.69 7.83 10.09 13.11 13.33 13.57 13.15 12.71 8.58

1982.................. 11.13 8.35 7.42 9.61 12.95 13.09 13.63 13.24 12.60 8.49

1983.................. 11.07 8.08 7.15 9.29 12.97 12.87 13.68 13.33 12.69 8.71

1984.................. 11.08 7.95 6.94 9.16 13.00 12.87 13.63 13.46 12.59 8.80

1985.................. 11.08 7.83 6.75 9.08 12.96 12.72 13.77 13.55 12.70 8.71

1986 .................. 11.19 7.96 6.70 9.13 13.05 12.65 14.06 13.95 12.94 8.97

1987.................. 11.29 8.01 6.65 9.09 13.02 12.55 13.86 13.72 12.95 8.87

1988.................. 11.33 8.06 6.78 9.06 13.03 12.51 13.75 13.74 12.59 8.80

1989.................. 11.29 8.00 6.82 9.13 12.83 12.34 13.83 13.60 12.63 8.76

1990 .................. 11.12 7.94 6.91 9.09 12.55 12.15 13.57 13.52 12.34 8.85

1991.................. 11.13 7.80 6.96 8.90 12.58 11.93 13.61 13.52 12.15 8.81

1992.................. 11.17 7.77 6.85 8.73 12.63 11.82 13.57 13.78 12.27 8.89

1993.................. 11.12 7.78 6.78 8.69 12.64 11.68 13.57 13.93 12.57 9.03

1994 .................. 11.08 7.77 6.79 8.60 12.61 11.59 13.72 13.86 12.48 8.84

1995.................. 11.04 7.84 6.81 8.68 12.65 11.77 13.54 13.69 12.43 8.99

1996.................. 11.05 7.82 6.80 8.80 12.66 11.61 13.34 13.47 12.36 8.91

1997 .................. 11.28 7.93 7.10 8.90 12.72 11.65 13.35 13.66 12.54 8.88

1998 .................. 11.56 8.36 7.47 9.20 12.87 12.26 13.80 13.93 12.81 9.40

1999 .................. 11.85 8.54 7.56 9.63 13.02 12.41 13.71 14.09 12.91 9.58

2000 .................. 11.93 8.71 7.71 9.71 13.09 12.25 13.66 14.22 13.02 9.69

2001.................. 11.93 9.00 7.92 9.81 13.35 12.49 14.02 14.25 13.31 9.99

2002.................. 12.06 9.00 7.96 9.76 13.63 12.65 14.03 14.35 13.65 10.45

2003 .................. 12.23 8.91 7.81 9.76 13.59 12.68 14.05 14.62 13.74 10.36

2004 .................. 12.07 8.76 7.68 9.64 13.42 12.48 14.15 14.52 13.81 10.56

2005 .................. 11.88 8.57 7.48 9.46 13.25 12.48 13.92 14.31 13.75 10.54

2006 .................. 12.10 8.48 7.44 9.42 13.31 12.29 13.88 14.43 13.71 10.44

2007 .................. 11.95 8.65 7.57 9.66 13.16 12.05 13.93 14.39 13.71 10.37

See footnote at end of table.

16 to 24 years

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and 

older

Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years

Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

45 to 54 

years

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

65 years

and 

older

77
Table 19. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in constant 

(2007) dollars by sex and age, 1979–2007 annual averages—Continued

25 years and older

WOMEN

1979.................. $9.63 $8.48 $8.06 $9.36 $10.37 $10.74 $10.56 $10.21 $9.97 $8.30

1980.................. 9.47 8.27 7.53 9.09 10.17 10.65 10.29 10.14 9.78 8.11

1981.................. 9.37 8.12 7.70 8.95 10.26 10.70 10.44 10.04 9.69 8.12

1982.................. 9.51 7.79 7.32 8.64 10.35 10.70 10.47 10.21 9.90 8.10

1983.................. 9.50 7.56 7.03 8.44 10.36 10.77 10.51 10.28 10.04 8.24

1984.................. 9.45 7.47 6.83 8.29 10.42 10.65 10.67 10.48 10.02 8.31

1985.................. 9.43 7.37 6.64 8.38 10.53 10.64 10.86 10.59 10.04 8.14

1986 .................. 9.62 7.42 6.59 8.50 10.74 10.74 11.06 10.81 10.38 8.54

1987.................. 9.77 7.36 6.47 8.53 10.75 10.72 11.08 10.96 10.52 8.46

1988.................. 9.83 7.54 6.58 8.50 10.84 10.71 11.38 11.09 10.24 8.62

1989.................. 9.87 7.58 6.62 8.45 10.95 10.79 11.47 11.15 10.31 8.30

1990 .................. 9.91 7.62 6.69 8.57 10.88 10.78 11.34 11.02 10.35 8.38

1991.................. 10.01 7.54 6.88 8.47 10.89 10.67 11.47 11.29 10.31 8.55

1992.................. 10.07 7.47 6.79 8.35 11.07 10.78 11.56 11.49 10.42 8.64

1993.................. 10.06 7.44 6.68 8.42 11.12 10.75 11.53 11.55 10.68 8.73

1994 .................. 10.03 7.36 6.68 8.27 11.13 10.76 11.67 11.70 10.82 8.63

1995.................. 10.08 7.42 6.68 8.23 11.04 10.70 11.66 11.78 10.72 8.72

1996.................. 10.17 7.47 6.70 8.24 11.09 10.61 11.70 11.76 10.62 8.49

1997 .................. 10.23 7.67 6.98 8.44 11.28 10.57 11.78 11.93 10.71 8.80

1998 .................. 10.46 7.93 7.34 8.81 11.60 11.18 12.27 12.43 11.25 9.16

1999 .................. 10.75 8.21 7.44 8.98 11.85 11.32 12.23 12.38 11.60 9.33

2000 .................. 10.90 8.42 7.50 9.39 11.90 11.66 12.07 12.25 11.84 9.47

2001.................. 11.29 8.49 7.74 9.37 11.94 11.64 12.22 12.70 12.17 9.53

2002.................. 11.39 8.58 7.83 9.34 12.34 11.66 12.65 12.88 12.45 10.06

2003 .................. 11.36 8.56 7.72 9.23 12.41 11.85 12.59 13.29 12.46 9.97

2004 .................. 11.16 8.46 7.53 9.13 12.33 11.66 12.57 13.12 12.70 10.05

2005 .................. 10.94 8.28 7.35 9.02 12.29 11.53 12.57 12.88 12.59 10.42

2006 .................. 10.96 8.22 7.31 9.07 12.21 11.39 12.40 12.61 12.47 10.26

2007 .................. 10.98 8.15 7.41 9.00 12.05 11.21 12.36 12.85 12.23 10.15

See footnote at end of table.

16 to 24 years

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and 

older

Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years

Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

45 to 54 

years

65 years

and 

older

78
Table 19. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in constant 

(2007) dollars by sex and age, 1979–2007 annual averages—Continued

25 years and older

MEN

1979.................. $15.03 $10.37 $8.48 $12.34 $17.79 $16.97 $18.94 $18.88 $17.53 $9.47

1980.................. 14.63 9.83 8.08 11.80 17.31 16.62 18.73 18.66 17.36 9.09

1981.................. 14.38 9.43 7.96 11.18 17.02 16.04 18.16 18.58 17.24 9.21

1982.................. 14.12 9.03 7.55 10.56 16.66 15.81 18.33 18.31 16.78 9.20

1983.................. 13.70 8.67 7.27 10.00 16.46 15.33 18.26 18.14 17.31 9.41

1984.................. 13.54 8.69 7.07 9.81 16.35 14.98 18.08 18.42 16.84 9.33

1985.................. 13.47 8.60 6.89 9.61 16.27 14.71 18.01 18.33 16.62 9.17

1986 .................. 13.70 8.65 6.90 9.80 16.28 14.49 18.03 18.32 17.22 9.35

1987.................. 13.56 8.57 6.89 9.91 15.99 14.42 17.63 17.87 16.96 9.28

1988.................. 13.32 8.47 6.97 9.75 15.79 14.16 17.21 18.00 16.40 9.29

1989.................. 13.09 8.35 7.09 9.73 15.69 13.83 17.11 17.58 16.16 9.53

1990 .................. 12.72 8.37 7.14 9.51 15.14 13.58 16.51 17.12 15.65 9.35

1991.................. 12.74 8.28 7.03 9.24 14.81 13.26 16.29 17.37 14.96 9.23

1992.................. 12.55 8.18 6.95 9.03 14.56 13.05 15.82 17.40 15.04 9.33

1993.................. 12.51 8.12 6.88 8.94 14.38 12.85 15.76 17.16 15.48 9.48

1994 .................. 12.45 8.13 6.89 9.07 14.23 12.59 15.91 16.74 15.30 9.18

1995.................. 12.47 8.16 6.95 9.22 14.50 12.78 16.07 16.65 15.01 9.26

1996.................. 12.53 8.12 6.91 9.20 14.18 12.76 15.67 16.32 14.67 9.26

1997 .................. 12.67 8.31 7.23 9.25 14.30 12.78 15.55 16.49 15.19 8.97

1998 .................. 12.78 8.78 7.60 9.89 14.89 12.99 15.86 16.57 15.53 9.83

1999 .................. 12.82 8.86 7.69 9.99 14.93 13.48 15.90 17.01 15.19 9.78

2000 .................. 13.01 9.18 7.99 10.10 14.73 13.20 15.81 16.73 15.42 10.00

2001.................. 13.26 9.38 8.08 10.44 15.08 13.56 16.30 16.69 15.16 10.54

2002.................. 13.41 9.27 8.09 10.23 15.03 13.70 16.08 16.59 15.41 11.27

2003 .................. 13.40 9.18 7.91 10.15 14.94 13.54 15.93 16.83 15.89 11.04

2004 .................. 13.19 9.01 7.85 9.96 15.08 13.21 16.03 16.59 15.96 10.87

2005 .................. 12.91 8.94 7.65 9.77 14.77 12.92 15.80 16.06 15.70 10.66

2006 .................. 13.05 9.04 7.64 10.03 14.68 12.99 15.49 16.50 15.47 11.03

2007 .................. 12.95 9.13 7.77 9.96 14.75 12.83 15.17 16.15 15.45 11.01

16 to 24 years

1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been

affected at various times by methodological and conceptual

changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an

explanation, see the Historical Comparability section of the

Household Data technical documentation provided at

http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index research series using

current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to

constant dollars. See Technical Note.

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and 

older

Total 16 to 19 

years

20 to 24 

years

Total 25 to 34 

years

35 to 44 

years

55 to 64 

years

45 to 54 

years

65 years

and 

older

79
Table 20. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in

current dollars by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 

1979–2007 annual averages 

BOTH SEXES

1979.......................................... $4.44 $4.51 $4.11 - $4.08

1980.......................................... 4.82 4.88 4.44 - 4.44

1981.......................................... 5.15 5.18 4.90 - 4.81

1982.......................................... 5.40 5.47 5.06 - 5.01

1983.......................................... 5.59 5.66 5.15 - 5.09

1984.......................................... 5.83 5.90 5.36 - 5.27

1985.......................................... 6.03 6.10 5.50 - 5.47

1986 ......................................... 6.20 6.28 5.80 - 5.65

1987.......................................... 6.47 6.56 5.99 - 5.82

1988.......................................... 6.73 6.81 6.15 - 5.95

1989.......................................... 6.99 7.08 6.43 - 6.07

1990 .......................................... 7.23 7.33 6.81 - 6.28

1991.......................................... 7.50 7.61 7.00 - 6.46

1992.......................................... 7.72 7.82 7.06 - 6.65

1993.......................................... 7.87 7.97 7.18 - 6.83

1994 .......................................... 8.01 8.11 7.29 - 6.93

1995.......................................... 8.17 8.32 7.66 - 7.00

1996.......................................... 8.40 8.57 7.76 - 7.17

1997 .......................................... 8.75 8.88 8.01 - 7.39

1998 .......................................... 9.10 9.22 8.39 - 7.92

1999 .......................................... 9.53 9.74 8.85 - 8.07

2000 .......................................... 9.91 9.96 9.34 $10.07 8.54

2001.......................................... 10.19 10.26 9.78 10.75 9.06

2002.......................................... 10.47 10.71 9.93 10.36 9.22

2003 .......................................... 10.85 10.97 10.15 11.12 9.76

2004 .......................................... 11.00 11.13 10.19 11.10 9.81

2005 .......................................... 11.19 11.48 10.17 12.01 9.95

2006 .......................................... 11.76 11.86 10.66 12.53 10.12

2007 .......................................... 11.95 12.08 10.89 12.22 10.24

See footnote at end of table.

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

80
Table 20. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in

current dollars by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 

1979–2007 annual averages—Continued

WOMEN

1979.......................................... $3.62 $3.62 $3.55 - $3.44

1980.......................................... 3.95 3.96 3.88 - 3.78

1981.......................................... 4.28 4.28 4.19 - 4.10

1982.......................................... 4.61 4.61 4.49 - 4.33

1983.......................................... 4.80 4.81 4.72 - 4.42

1984.......................................... 4.97 4.98 4.87 - 4.65

1985.......................................... 5.13 5.14 5.04 - 4.82

1986 .......................................... 5.33 5.35 5.17 - 5.00

1987.......................................... 5.60 5.62 5.40 - 5.11

1988.......................................... 5.84 5.86 5.61 - 5.28

1989.......................................... 6.11 6.13 5.88 - 5.53

1990 .......................................... 6.44 6.46 6.23 - 5.80

1991.......................................... 6.75 6.76 6.55 - 5.98

1992.......................................... 6.96 6.99 6.64 - 6.17

1993.......................................... 7.12 7.16 6.87 - 6.31

1994 .......................................... 7.25 7.34 6.93 - 6.40

1995.......................................... 7.46 7.54 7.12 - 6.60

1996.......................................... 7.73 7.79 7.20 - 6.77

1997 .......................................... 7.94 8.00 7.59 - 6.82

1998 .......................................... 8.23 8.33 7.90 - 7.22

1999 .......................................... 8.64 8.73 8.13 - 7.46

2000 .......................................... 9.06 9.09 8.86 $9.77 7.89

2001.......................................... 9.64 9.73 9.15 10.07 8.28

2002.......................................... 9.89 9.94 9.45 10.10 8.54

2003 .......................................... 10.08 10.11 9.91 10.68 8.88

2004 .......................................... 10.17 10.21 9.93 10.57 9.04

2005 .......................................... 10.31 10.50 9.93 11.64 9.18

2006 .......................................... 10.65 10.77 10.11 11.95 9.50

2007 .......................................... 10.98 11.06 10.45 11.83 9.80

See footnote at end of table.

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

81
Table 20. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in

current dollars by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 

1979–2007 annual averages—Continued

MEN

1979.......................................... $5.65 $5.79 $4.89 - $4.79

1980.......................................... 6.10 6.23 5.18 - 5.03

1981.......................................... 6.57 6.71 5.81 - 5.37

1982.......................................... 6.85 6.98 5.97 - 5.73

1983.......................................... 6.92 7.07 5.96 - 5.81

1984.......................................... 7.12 7.26 6.16 - 6.04

1985.......................................... 7.33 7.58 6.15 - 6.07

1986 ......................................... 7.59 7.78 6.57 - 6.19

1987.......................................... 7.77 7.93 6.74 - 6.37

1988.......................................... 7.91 8.06 6.94 - 6.51

1989.......................................... 8.10 8.28 7.07 - 6.66

1990 .......................................... 8.27 8.55 7.37 - 6.74

1991.......................................... 8.59 8.82 7.57 - 6.88

1992.......................................... 8.67 8.89 7.62 - 6.99

1993.......................................... 8.86 9.07 7.67 - 7.12

1994 .......................................... 9.00 9.21 7.92 - 7.17

1995.......................................... 9.23 9.62 8.16 - 7.26

1996.......................................... 9.52 9.79 8.18 - 7.62

1997 .......................................... 9.83 9.96 8.67 - 7.90

1998 .......................................... 10.06 10.18 9.09 - 8.24

1999 .......................................... 10.31 10.61 9.77 - 8.61

2000 .......................................... 10.81 10.95 9.98 $10.79 9.04

2001.......................................... 11.32 11.61 10.18 11.84 9.67

2002.......................................... 11.64 11.86 10.24 11.02 9.92

2003 .......................................... 11.89 12.03 10.81 11.89 10.03

2004 .......................................... 12.02 12.16 10.88 11.90 10.02

2005 .......................................... 12.16 12.47 10.90 12.75 10.19

2006 .......................................... 12.68 12.88 11.42 13.18 10.84

2007 .......................................... 12.95 13.22 11.57 13.22 11.07

See footnote at end of table.

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

82
Table 20. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in

current dollars by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 

1979–2007 annual averages—Continued

WOMEN'S EARNINGS

AS PERCENT OF MEN'S

1979.......................................... 64.1 62.5 72.6 - 71.8

1980.......................................... 64.8 63.6 74.9 - 75.1

1981.......................................... 65.1 63.8 72.1 - 76.4

1982.......................................... 67.3 66.0 75.2 - 75.6

1983.......................................... 69.4 68.0 79.2 - 76.1

1984.......................................... 69.8 68.6 79.1 - 77.0

1985.......................................... 70.0 67.8 82.0 - 79.4

1986 ......................................... 70.2 68.8 78.7 - 80.8

1987.......................................... 72.1 70.9 80.1 - 80.2

1988.......................................... 73.8 72.7 80.8 - 81.1

1989.......................................... 75.4 74.0 83.2 - 83.0

1990 .......................................... 77.9 75.6 84.5 - 86.1

1991.......................................... 78.6 76.6 86.5 - 86.9

1992.......................................... 80.3 78.6 87.1 - 88.3

1993.......................................... 80.4 78.9 89.6 - 88.6

1994 .......................................... 80.6 79.7 87.5 - 89.3

1995.......................................... 80.8 78.4 87.3 - 90.9

1996.......................................... 81.2 79.6 88.0 - 88.8

1997 .......................................... 80.8 80.3 87.5 - 86.3

1998 .......................................... 81.8 81.8 86.9 - 87.6

1999 .......................................... 83.8 82.3 83.2 - 86.6

2000 .......................................... 83.8 83.0 88.8 90.5 87.3

2001.......................................... 85.2 83.8 89.9 85.1 85.6

2002.......................................... 85.0 83.8 92.3 91.7 86.1

2003 .......................................... 84.8 84.0 91.7 89.8 88.5

2004 .......................................... 84.6 84.0 91.3 88.8 90.2

2005 .......................................... 84.8 84.2 91.1 91.3 90.1

2006 .......................................... 84.0 83.6 88.5 90.7 87.6

2007 .......................................... 84.8 83.7 90.3 89.5 88.5

1 The comparability of historical labor force data

has been affected at various times by

methodological and conceptual changes in the

Current Population Survey (CPS). For an

explanation, see the Historical Comparability section

of the Household Data technical documentation

provided at 

http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf . 

NOTE: As of 2003, estimates for the above

race groups (white, black or African American, and

Asian) include persons who selected this race group 

only; persons who selected more than one race

group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who

reported more than one race were included in the

group they identified as the main race. Persons

whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino

may be of any race. Data for 2000-2002 are for the

category Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003,

Asians constitute a separate category. Data for

Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. Dash

indicates data not available. 

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

83
Table 21. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in

constant (2007) dollars by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 

1979–2007 annual averages 

BOTH SEXES

1979.......................................... $11.81 $11.99 $10.93 - $10.85

1980.......................................... 11.56 11.70 10.65 - 10.65

1981.......................................... 11.27 11.33 10.72 - 10.53

1982.......................................... 11.13 11.28 10.43 - 10.33

1983.......................................... 11.07 11.21 10.20 - 10.08

1984.......................................... 11.08 11.22 10.19 - 10.02

1985.......................................... 11.08 11.21 10.11 - 10.06

1986 ......................................... 11.19 11.34 10.47 - 10.20

1987.......................................... 11.29 11.45 10.45 - 10.16

1988.......................................... 11.33 11.46 10.35 - 10.02

1989.......................................... 11.29 11.44 10.39 - 9.81

1990 .......................................... 11.12 11.28 10.48 - 9.66

1991.......................................... 11.13 11.29 10.39 - 9.58

1992.......................................... 11.17 11.32 10.22 - 9.62

1993.......................................... 11.12 11.26 10.14 - 9.65

1994 .......................................... 11.08 11.22 10.08 - 9.59

1995.......................................... 11.04 11.24 10.35 - 9.46

1996.......................................... 11.05 11.28 10.21 - 9.43

1997 .......................................... 11.28 11.44 10.32 - 9.52

1998 .......................................... 11.56 11.72 10.66 - 10.06

1999 .......................................... 11.85 12.11 11.01 - 10.04

2000 .......................................... 11.93 11.99 11.24 $12.12 10.28

2001.......................................... 11.93 12.01 11.45 12.59 10.61

2002.......................................... 12.06 12.34 11.44 11.94 10.62

2003 .......................................... 12.23 12.37 11.44 12.54 11.00

2004 .......................................... 12.07 12.22 11.19 12.18 10.77

2005 .......................................... 11.88 12.19 10.80 12.75 10.56

2006 .......................................... 12.10 12.20 10.97 12.89 10.41

2007 .......................................... 11.95 12.08 10.89 12.22 10.24

See footnote at end of table.

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

84
Table 21. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in

constant (2007) dollars by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 

1979–2007 annual averages—Continued

WOMEN

1979.......................................... $9.63 $9.63 $9.44 - $9.15

1980.......................................... 9.47 9.50 9.30 - 9.06

1981.......................................... 9.37 9.37 9.17 - 8.97

1982.......................................... 9.51 9.51 9.26 - 8.93

1983.......................................... 9.50 9.52 9.35 - 8.75

1984.......................................... 9.45 9.47 9.26 - 8.84

1985.......................................... 9.43 9.45 9.26 - 8.86

1986 .......................................... 9.62 9.66 9.33 - 9.03

1987.......................................... 9.77 9.81 9.42 - 8.92

1988.......................................... 9.83 9.87 9.44 - 8.89

1989.......................................... 9.87 9.90 9.50 - 8.93

1990 .......................................... 9.91 9.94 9.58 - 8.92

1991.......................................... 10.01 10.03 9.72 - 8.87

1992.......................................... 10.07 10.12 9.61 - 8.93

1993.......................................... 10.06 10.11 9.70 - 8.91

1994 .......................................... 10.03 10.15 9.59 - 8.85

1995.......................................... 10.08 10.19 9.62 - 8.92

1996.......................................... 10.17 10.25 9.47 - 8.91

1997 .......................................... 10.23 10.31 9.78 - 8.79

1998 .......................................... 10.46 10.58 10.04 - 9.17

1999 .......................................... 10.75 10.86 10.11 - 9.28

2000 .......................................... 10.90 10.94 10.66 $11.76 9.49

2001.......................................... 11.29 11.39 10.71 11.79 9.70

2002.......................................... 11.39 11.45 10.89 11.64 9.84

2003 .......................................... 11.36 11.40 11.17 12.04 10.01

2004 .......................................... 11.16 11.21 10.90 11.60 9.92

2005 .......................................... 10.94 11.15 10.54 12.36 9.75

2006 .......................................... 10.96 11.08 10.40 12.29 9.77

2007 .......................................... 10.98 11.06 10.45 11.83 9.80

See footnote at end of table.

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

85
Table 21. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in 

constant (2007) dollars by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,

1979–2007 annual averages—Continued

MEN

1979.......................................... $15.03 $15.40 $13.01 - $12.74

1980.......................................... 14.63 14.94 12.42 - 12.06

1981.......................................... 14.38 14.68 12.71 - 11.75

1982.......................................... 14.12 14.39 12.31 - 11.81

1983.......................................... 13.70 14.00 11.80 - 11.50

1984.......................................... 13.54 13.80 11.71 - 11.48

1985.......................................... 13.47 13.93 11.31 - 11.16

1986 ......................................... 13.70 14.04 11.86 - 11.17

1987.......................................... 13.56 13.84 11.76 - 11.12

1988.......................................... 13.32 13.57 11.68 - 10.96

1989.......................................... 13.09 13.38 11.42 - 10.76

1990 .......................................... 12.72 13.15 11.34 - 10.37

1991.......................................... 12.74 13.09 11.23 - 10.21

1992.......................................... 12.55 12.87 11.03 - 10.12

1993.......................................... 12.51 12.81 10.83 - 10.06

1994 .......................................... 12.45 12.74 10.95 - 9.92

1995.......................................... 12.47 13.00 11.03 - 9.81

1996.......................................... 12.53 12.88 10.76 - 10.03

1997 .......................................... 12.67 12.84 11.17 - 10.18

1998 .......................................... 12.78 12.94 11.55 - 10.47

1999 .......................................... 12.82 13.20 12.15 - 10.71

2000 .......................................... 13.01 13.18 12.01 $12.98 10.88

2001.......................................... 13.26 13.59 11.92 13.86 11.32

2002.......................................... 13.41 13.66 11.80 12.70 11.43

2003 .......................................... 13.40 13.56 12.19 13.40 11.31

2004 .......................................... 13.19 13.35 11.94 13.06 11.00

2005 .......................................... 12.91 13.24 11.57 13.54 10.82

2006 .......................................... 13.05 13.25 11.75 13.56 11.15

2007 .......................................... 12.95 13.22 11.57 13.22 11.07

1 The comparability of historical labor force data

has been affected at various times by

methodological and conceptual changes in the

Current Population Survey (CPS). For an

explanation, see the Historical Comparability section

of the Household Data technical documentation

provided at 

http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf . 

NOTE: As of 2003, estimates for the above

race groups (white, black or African American, and

Asian) include persons who selected this race group

only; persons who selected more than one race 

group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who

reported more than one race were included in the

group they identified as the main race. Persons

whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino

may be of any race. Data for 2000-2002 are for the

category Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003,

Asians constitute a separate category. Data for

Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. Dash

indicates data not available. The Consumer Price

Index research series using current methods (CPI-URS) is used to convert current dollars to constant

dollars. See Technical Note. 

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Year and sex

Total, 

16 years 

and older

White

Black or

African

American

Asian

Hispanic

or

Latino

86
Table 22. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the 

prevailing Federal minimum wage by sex, 1979–2007 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)

Workers paid hourly rates

Total at or below 

prevailing Federal 

minimum wage

BOTH SEXES

1979................................. 87,529 51,721 59.1 2,916 3,997 6,912 13.4

1980................................. 87,644 51,335 58.6 3,087 4,686 7,773 15.1

1981................................. 88,516 51,869 58.6 3,513 4,311 7,824 15.1

1982................................. 87,368 50,846 58.2 2,348 4,148 6,496 12.8

1983................................. 88,290 51,820 58.7 2,077 4,261 6,338 12.2

1984................................. 92,194 54,143 58.7 1,838 4,125 5,963 11.0

1985................................. 94,521 55,762 59.0 1,639 3,899 5,538 9.9

1986 .............................. 96,903 57,529 59.4 1,599 3,461 5,060 8.8

1987................................. 99,303 59,552 60.0 1,468 3,229 4,698 7.9

1988................................. 101,407 60,878 60.0 1,319 2,608 3,927 6.5

1989................................. 103,480 62,389 60.3 1,372 1,790 3,162 5.1

1990 .............................. 104,876 63,172 60.2 2,132 1,096 3,228 5.1

1991................................. 103,723 62,627 60.4 2,377 2,906 5,283 8.4

1992................................. 104,668 63,610 60.8 1,939 2,982 4,921 7.7

1993................................. 106,101 64,274 60.6 1,707 2,625 4,332 6.7

1994 .............................. 107,989 66,549 61.6 1,995 2,132 4,128 6.2

1995................................. 110,038 68,354 62.1 1,699 1,956 3,656 5.3

1996................................. 111,960 69,255 61.9 1,863 1,861 3,724 5.4

1997 .............................. 114,533 70,735 61.8 2,990 1,764 4,754 6.7

1998 .............................. 116,730 71,440 61.2 2,834 1,593 4,427 6.2

1999 .............................. 118,963 72,306 60.8 2,194 1,146 3,340 4.6

2000 .............................. 122,089 73,496 60.2 1,752 898 2,650 3.6

2001................................. 122,229 73,392 60.0 1,518 656 2,174 3.0

2002................................. 121,826 72,508 59.5 1,579 567 2,146 3.0

2003 .............................. 122,358 72,946 59.6 1,555 545 2,100 2.9

2004 .............................. 123,554 73,939 59.8 1,483 520 2,003 2.7

2005 .............................. 125,889 75,609 60.1 1,403 479 1,882 2.5

2006 .............................. 128,237 76,514 59.7 1,283 409 1,692 2.2

2007 .............................. 129,767 75,873 58.5 1,462 267 1,729 2.3

See footnotes at end of table.

At

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

Total

Number

Below

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

Year and sex

Percent of 

workers 

paid hourly 

rates

Percent 

of total 

wage 

and 

salary 

workers

Total

 wage 

and

 salary 

workers

1

1

1

2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2

1 2 2 2 2

1

1

1

1

2 22 2

87
Table 22. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the 

prevailing Federal minimum wage by sex, 1979–2007 annual averages—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Workers paid hourly rates

Total at or below 

prevailing Federal 

minimum wage

WOMEN

1979................................. 38,129 23,329 61.2 2,070 2,644 4,714 20.2

1980................................. 38,944 23,626 60.7 2,104 2,990 5,095 21.6

1981................................. 39,672 24,294 61.2 2,394 2,778 5,172 21.3

1982................................. 39,777 24,365 61.3 1,651 2,561 4,212 17.3

1983................................. 40,433 24,989 61.8 1,492 2,603 4,095 16.4

1984................................. 42,172 26,003 61.7 1,348 2,499 3,847 14.8

1985................................. 43,506 26,869 61.8 1,198 2,356 3,554 13.2

1986 .............................. 44,961 27,863 62.0 1,192 2,125 3,317 11.9

1987................................. 46,365 29,078 62.7 1,105 1,946 3,051 10.5

1988................................. 47,495 29,820 62.8 1,008 1,542 2,550 8.6

1989................................. 48,691 30,702 63.1 994 1,056 2,050 6.7

1990 .............................. 49,323 31,069 63.0 1,420 711 2,131 6.9

1991................................. 49,105 30,988 63.1 1,582 1,792 3,374 10.9

1992................................. 49,842 31,454 63.1 1,286 1,751 3,036 9.7

1993................................. 50,626 31,937 63.1 1,133 1,534 2,667 8.4

1994 .............................. 51,419 33,021 64.2 1,322 1,241 2,563 7.8

1995................................. 52,369 33,934 64.8 1,157 1,161 2,318 6.8

1996................................. 53,488 34,418 64.3 1,244 1,106 2,350 6.8

1997 .............................. 54,708 35,214 64.4 1,843 1,092 2,935 8.3

1998 .............................. 55,757 35,680 64.0 1,794 965 2,760 7.7

1999 .............................. 57,050 36,233 63.5 1,426 700 2,126 5.9

2000 .............................. 58,427 36,777 62.9 1,170 579 1,749 4.8

2001................................. 58,582 36,848 62.9 1,021 409 1,430 3.9

2002................................. 58,555 36,508 62.3 997 350 1,347 3.7

2003 .............................. 59,122 37,093 62.7 1,062 332 1,394 3.8

2004 .............................. 59,408 37,133 62.5 1,013 310 1,323 3.6

2005 .............................. 60,423 37,957 62.8 944 290 1,234 3.3

2006 .............................. 61,426 38,321 62.4 861 263 1,124 2.9

2007 .............................. 62,299 38,082 61.1 1,002 181 1,183 3.1

See footnotes at end of table.

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2 2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

At

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

Total

Number

Below

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

Year and sex

Percent of 

workers 

paid hourly 

rates

Percent 

of total 

wage 

and 

salary 

workers

Total

 wage 

and

 salary 

workers

2 22 2

88
Table 22. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the 

prevailing Federal minimum wage by sex, 1979–2007 annual averages—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Workers paid hourly rates

Total at or below 

prevailing Federal 

minimum wage

MEN

1979................................. 49,400 28,392 57.5 846 1,353 2,199 7.7

1980................................. 48,700 27,709 56.9 983 1,696 2,678 9.7

1981................................. 48,844 27,576 56.5 1,119 1,533 2,652 9.6

1982................................. 47,591 26,481 55.6 697 1,587 2,284 8.6

1983................................. 47,856 26,831 56.1 585 1,658 2,243 8.4

1984................................. 50,022 28,140 56.3 490 1,626 2,116 7.5

1985................................. 51,015 28,893 56.6 440 1,544 1,984 6.9

1986 .............................. 51,942 29,666 57.1 408 1,336 1,743 5.9

1987................................. 52,938 30,474 57.6 364 1,283 1,647 5.4

1988................................. 53,912 31,058 57.6 311 1,066 1,377 4.4

1989................................. 54,789 31,687 57.8 379 733 1,112 3.5

1990 .............................. 55,553 32,104 57.8 712 385 1,097 3.4

1991................................. 54,618 31,639 57.9 795 1,114 1,909 6.0

1992................................. 54,826 32,155 58.6 653 1,231 1,885 5.9

1993................................. 55,475 32,337 58.3 573 1,091 1,664 5.1

1994 .............................. 56,570 33,528 59.3 674 891 1,565 4.7

1995................................. 57,669 34,420 59.7 542 796 1,338 3.9

1996................................. 58,473 34,838 59.6 619 755 1,374 3.9

1997 .............................. 59,825 35,521 59.4 1,147 673 1,820 5.1

1998 .............................. 60,973 35,761 58.7 1,039 628 1,667 4.7

1999 .............................. 61,914 36,073 58.3 768 446 1,214 3.4

2000 .............................. 63,662 36,720 57.7 582 319 901 2.5

2001................................. 63,647 36,544 57.4 497 247 744 2.0

2002................................. 63,272 36,000 56.9 582 217 799 2.2

2003 .............................. 63,236 35,853 56.7 493 213 706 2.0

2004 .............................. 64,145 36,806 57.4 470 210 680 1.8

2005 .............................. 65,466 37,652 57.5 459 189 648 1.7

2006 .............................. 66,811 38,193 57.2 422 146 568 1.5

2007 .............................. 67,468 37,790 56.0 460 86 546 1.4

1 The comparability of historical labor force data has

been affected at various times by methodological and

conceptual changes in the Current Population Survey

(CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical

Comparability section of the Household Data technical

documentation provided at

http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf . 

 2

 Data for 1990-91, 1996-97, and 2007 reflect 

changes in the minimum wage that took place in

those years.

NOTE: The prevailing Federal minimum wage was

$2.90 in 1979, $3.10 in 1980, and $3.35 in 1981-89.

The minimum wage rose to $3.80 in April 1990, to

$4.25 in April 1991, to $4.75 in October 1996, to $5.15

in September 1997, and to $5.85 in July 2007. See

Technical Note for more information about minimum

wage workers. 

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

2 2 2

2

2

2

2 2

2

2

2

2

At

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

Total

Number

Below

prevailing

Federal

minimum

wage

Year and sex

Percent of 

workers 

paid hourly 

rates

Percent 

of total 

wage 

and 

salary 

workers

Total

 wage 

and

 salary 

workers

2 2 2 2

89
90

Technical Note

The estimates in this report were obtained from the Current 

Population Survey (CPS), which provides a wide range of 

information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment. The survey is conducted monthly for the U.S. Bureau 

of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau, using a national sample of about 60,000 households, with coverage in all 

50 States and the District of Columbia. The earnings data are collected from one-fourth of the CPS monthly sample. 

Material in this report is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be used without permission. This information 

is available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

telephone: (202) 691–5200; Federal Relay Service: 1–800–877–

8339. 

Concepts and defi nitions

The principal concepts and defi nitions used in connection with the earnings data in this report are described next.

Usual weekly earnings. Data are collected on wages and salaries before taxes and other deductions, and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the principal 

job in the case of multiple jobholders). Self-employed workers are excluded, regardless of whether their businesses are incorporated. Prior to 1994, respondents were asked how much 

they usually earned per week. Since January 1994, respondents 

have been asked to identify the easiest way for them to report 

earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice monthly, monthly, 

annually, other) and how much they usually earn in the period 

reported. Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly are 

converted to a weekly equivalent. The term “usual” is as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks for a defi nition of “usual,” interviewers are instructed to defi ne the term as 

“more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months.”

Medians (and quantiles) of weekly earnings. Most of the earnings estimates shown in this report are medians. The median (or 

upper limit of the second quartile) is the amount that divides a 

given earnings distribution into two equal groups, one having 

earnings above the median and the other having earnings below 

the median. Ten percent of workers in a given distribution have 

earnings below the upper limit of the fi rst decile (90 percent have 

higher earnings), 25 percent have earnings below the upper limit 

of the fi rst quartile (75 percent have higher earnings), 75 percent 

have earnings below the upper limit of the third quartile (25 percent have higher earnings), and 90 percent have earnings below 

the upper limit of the ninth decile (10 percent have higher earnings).

The BLS estimating procedure for determining the median of 

an earnings distribution places each reported or calculated weekly 

earnings value into a $50-wide interval that is centered around 

a multiple of $50. The actual value of the median is estimated 

through the linear interpolation of the interval in which the median lies.

Over-the-year changes in the medians (and quantile boundaries) for specifi c groups may not necessarily be consistent with 

the movements estimated for the overall quantile boundary. The 

most common reasons for this possible anomaly are as follows: 

 • There could be a change in the relative weights of the subgroups. For example, the medians of both 16- to 24-year-olds and 

those 25 years and older may rise, but if the lower earning 16-to24 age group accounts for a greatly increased share of the total, 

the overall median actually could fall. 

 • There could be a large change in the shape of the distribution of reported earnings, particularly near a quantile boundary. This change could be caused by survey observations that are 

clustered at rounded values—for example, $250, $300, or $400. 

An estimate lying in a $50-wide centered interval containing such 

a cluster, or “spike,” tends to change more slowly than one in 

other intervals. For example, medians measure the central tendency of a multipeaked distribution that shifts over time. As the 

distribution shifts, the median does not necessarily move at the 

same rate. Specifi cally, the median takes relatively more time to 

move through a frequently reported interval, but once above the 

upper limit of such an interval, it can move relatively quickly to 

the next frequently reported earnings interval. BLS procedures for 

estimating medians (and other quantile boundaries) mitigate such 

irregular movements of the measures; however, users should be 

cautious of these effects when evaluating short-term changes in 

the medians and in ratios of the medians. 

Constant dollars. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars 

to constant dollars. BLS has made numerous improvements to the 

Consumer Price Index (CPI) over the past quarter century. Although these improvements make the present and future CPI more 

accurate, historical price index series are not adjusted to refl ect the 

improvements. Because many researchers need a historical series 

that measures price change consistently over the entire period, 

the CPI-U-RS provides an estimate of the CPI that incorporates 

most of the methodological improvements made since 1978 into 

the entire series. (For further information, see Kenneth J. Stewart 

and Stephen B. Reed, “CPI research series using current methods, 

1978–98,” Monthly Labor Review, June 1999, pp. 29–38; and 

“Questions and Answers: Consumer Price Index Research Series 

Using Current Methods,” on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/

cpi/cpirsdc.htm.)

This report uses the most recent version of the CPI-U-RS 

available at the time of production. Users should note, however, 

that the CPI-U-RS is subject to periodic revision. As a result, the 

rate of infl ation incorporated into the constant-dollar earnings estimates in this report may differ from that in previous reports in 
91

this series or in other publications.

Wage and salary workers. These are workers who receive wages, 

salaries, commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. The 

group includes employees in both the private and public sectors 

but, for purposes of the earnings series, excludes all self-employed 

persons, regardless of whether their businesses are incorporated.

Full-time workers. For the purpose of producing estimates of 

earnings, workers who usually work 35 or more hours per week at 

their sole or principal job are defi ned as working full time. 

Part-time workers. For the purpose of producing estimates of 

earnings, workers who usually work fewer than 35 hours per week 

at their sole or principal job are defi ned as working part time.

Workers paid by the hour. Workers who are paid an hourly wage 

make up approximately three-fi fths of all wage and salary workers. Workers paid by the hour are, therefore, included in the fulland part-time worker tables in this report, along with salaried 

workers and other workers not paid by the hour. (Data for workers paid at hourly rates are presented separately in tables 9 to 11 

and 18 to 22.)

Workers paid at or below the Federal minimum wage. The estimates of the numbers of workers with reported earnings at or 

below the Federal minimum wage in tables 11 and 22 pertain 

only to workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and 

other workers who are not paid by the hour are not included, even 

though some have earnings that, when converted to hourly rates, 

are at or below the minimum wage. Consequently, the estimates 

presented in this report likely understate the actual number of 

workers with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage. 

Research has shown, however, that the degree of understatement 

is small. BLS does not routinely estimate the hourly earnings of 

workers not paid by the hour, because of data quality concerns 

associated with such an estimation process. 

The prevailing Federal minimum wage was $2.90, effective 

January 1979; $3.10, effective January 1980; $3.35, effective 

January 1981; $3.80, effective April 1990; $4.25, effective April 

1991; $4.75, effective October 1996; $5.15, effective September 

1997; and $5.85, effective July 2007. Data for 1990–91, 1996–97, 

and 2007 in table 22 refl ect changes in the minimum wage that 

took place during those years. Note that some States have established minimum-wage standards that exceed the Federal level.

The presence of workers with hourly earnings below the minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act, because there are exemptions to the minimum 

wage provisions of the law. In addition, some workers might have 

rounded their hourly earnings to the nearest dollar in response 

to survey questions. As a result, some might have been reported 

with hourly earnings below the minimum wage when, in fact, 

they earned the minimum wage or higher. 

Reliability

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than an entire population, 

is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ 

from the “true” population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies with the particular sample selected, 

and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confi dence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the “true” population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses generally are conducted at the 90-percent level of confi dence. Estimates of earnings and their standard 

errors can be used to construct approximate confi dence intervals, 

or ranges of values that include the true population value with 

known probabilities.

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. This kind 

of error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information 

on all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in data 

collection or processing.

For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and information on estimating standard errors, see the “Explanatory Notes 

and Estimates of Error” section of Employment and Earnings, on the 

BLS Web site at www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.