Technical information:   (202) 691-6392        USDL 04-70
http://www.bls.gov/mls/

                                               For release: 10:00 A.M. EST
Media contact:                 691-5902        Thursday, January 22, 2004

                                     
         MASS LAYOFFS IN DECEMBER 2003 AND ANNUAL AVERAGES FOR 2003
                                     

   Employers initiated 1,929 mass layoff actions in December 2003, as
measured by new filings for unemployment insurance benefits during the
month, according to data from the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of
Labor Statistics.  Each action involved at least 50 persons from a single
establishment, and the number of workers involved totaled 192,633.  (See
table 1.)  The number of layoff events and initial claims were sharply
lower than a year ago, with both measures at the lowest levels for December
since 1999.  Fewer mass-layoff initial claims were filed against employers
in motion picture and video production, in highway, street, and bridge
construction, and in temporary help services in December 2003 compared with
December 2002.
   
   The total of layoff events for all of 2003 was 18,963 and the total of
initial claimants was 1,888,926.  The annual totals were lower than in 2002
(20,277 and 2,245,051, respectively).  Additional information on the annual
data is provided starting on page 3 of this release.
   
Industry Distribution

   School and employee bus transportation, with 12,178 initial claimants,
and highway, street, and bridge construction, with 11,254 initial claimants, 
together accounted for 12 percent of all initial claims in December.  (See 
table A.)  The 10 industries reporting the highest number of mass-layoff 
initial claims accounted for 29 percent of the total.
   
   The manufacturing sector recorded 34 percent of all mass layoff events
and 40 percent of all initial claims filed in December.  A year ago,
manufacturing reported 40 percent of events and 48 percent of initial
claims.  Within manufacturing, the number of claimants was highest in
transportation equipment (21,061) and food processing (9,285).  
(See table 2.)
   
   Construction accounted for 17 percent of events and 13 percent of 
initial claims filed in December, with layoffs mostly in highway, street,
and bridge construction.  Administrative and waste services accounted for
10 percent of events and 9 percent of initial claims during the month,
mainly in temporary help services.  Seven percent of the events and 
8 percent of the initial claims were from the transportation and ware-
housing sector, largely among school and employee bus transportation.  An
additional 7 percent of all layoff events and 8 percent of initial claims
filed during December were from accommodation and food services, primarily
among food services contractors.
   
   Government establishments accounted for 4 percent of events and 
3 percent of initial claims filed during the month, particularly in
executive, legislative and general government.
   
   Compared with December 2002, the largest decreases in initial claims
were reported in plastics and rubber products manufacturing (-8,197),
motion picture and sound recording industries (-5,454), and computer and
electronic product manufacturing (-5,294).  The largest over-the-year 
increase in initial claims was in professional and technical services
(+1,500).
   
                                  - 2 -

Table A.  Industries with the largest mass-layoff initial claims in
December 2003p
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          | Initial|      December peak
                 Industry                 | claims |--------------------------
                                          |        |   Year  | Initial claims
------------------------------------------|--------|---------|----------------
School and employee bus transportation ...| 12,178 |    1996 |     13,146
Highway, street, and bridge construction. | 11,254 |    2000 |     17,277
Food service contractors .................|  9,229 |    2003 |      9,229
Temporary help services ................. |  7,661 |    2001 |     14,929
Professional employer organizations.......|  2,822 |    2000 |      4,032
Misc. plastics product manufacturing .....|  2,713 |    2002 |      5,563
Misc. transportation equipment mfg. ......|  2,659 |    2003 |      2,659
Light truck and utility vehicle mfg. .....|  2,597 |    2000 |      7,338
Manufactured home, mobile home, mfg. .....|  2,380 |    2002 |      2,601
Household refrigerator and home freezer   |        |         |
  manufacturing.........................  |  2,324 |    2000 |      5,758
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     p=preliminary.

Geographic Distribution

   Among the four regions, the highest number of initial claims in December 
due to mass layoffs was reported in the Midwest, 87,806.  (See table 3.)  
Transportation equipment manufacturing and heavy and civil engineering con-
struction accounted for 33 percent of all initial claims in that region during 
the month.  The West region was next, with 37,923 initial claims, followed by 
the Northeast, with 34,437, and the South, with 32,467.
   
   The number of initial claimants in mass layoffs declined over the year
in all four of the regions, with the largest decrease in the South (-28,193).  
This was the first December in which all four regions had over-the-year 
declines since the mass layoffs program began in 1995.  Eight of the nine 
geographic divisions had over-the-year decreases in the number of initial 
claims associated with mass layoffs, with the largest decreases in the 
Pacific (-20,430) and South Atlantic (-14,776) divisions.  The Mountain 
division had the only increase (+144).
   
   Among the states, California recorded the largest number of initial claims 
filed in mass layoff events in December, 25,953, mostly in administrative and 
support services, followed by professional and technical services and educa-
tional services.  Indiana reported 15,330 initial claims, followed by Illinois 
(15,006) and Michigan (12,275).  These four states accounted for 37 percent of 
all layoff events and 36 percent of initial claims for unemployment insurance.  
(See table 4.)
   
   California registered the largest over-the-year decrease in the number
of initial claims (-16,272), followed by South Carolina (-11,205).  The
largest over-the-year increase occurred in Michigan (+5,775).
   
     
                                  - 3 - 

Table B.  Number of mass layoff events and initial claimants for
unemployment insurance, 1996-2003
-------------------------------------------------------------------
         Year         |  Layoff events |   Initial claimants for
                      |                |   unemployment insurance
----------------------|----------------|---------------------------
1996 .................|     14,111     |         1,437,628
1997 .................|     14,960     |         1,542,543
1998 .................|     15,904     |         1,771,069
1999 .................|     14,909     |         1,572,399
2000 .................|     15,738     |         1,835,592
2001 .................|     21,467     |         2,514,862
2002r ................|     20,277     |         2,245,051
2003 .................|     18,963     |         1,888,926
-------------------------------------------------------------------
 r=revised.

Review of 2003

     During 2003, 18,963 layoff events occurred, resulting in 1,888,926
initial claim filings for unemployment insurance.  In 2002, there were
20,277 events and 2,245,051 initial claimants.  (See table B.)
     
     The 10 industries with the highest number of mass-layoff initial claims 
accounted for 25 percent of the total in 2003.  (See table C.)  In 2002, they 
comprised 23 percent of the total.  The top five industries had the same 
rankings in both years.
     
     Manufacturing accounted for 32 percent of all mass layoff events and
39 percent of initial claims filed during 2003.  A year earlier, manufacturing 
accounted for 35 percent of events and 40 percent of initial claims.  Initial 
claim filings were most numerous in transportation equipment, 178,282, fol-
lowed by food processing, 87,353, and machinery manufacturing, 60,370.  Com-
pared with 2002, the largest decrease in initial claims occurred in computer 
and electronic products (-39,070) and machinery manufacturing (-27,340).  The 
largest over-the-year increase in initial claims occurred in transportation 
equipment (+1,777).
     
     The number of initial claims filed in 2003 due to mass layoffs was
higher in the West, 594,937, than in any other region.  Layoffs in
administrative and support services, motion picture and sound recording,
and agricultural and forestry support activities accounted for 32 percent
of the claims in the West.  The fewest number of mass-layoff initial claims
was reported in the Northeast region, 306,462.  For the second consecutive
year, over-the-year decreases in mass-layoff initial claims occurred in
each of the four regions.  The largest decreases in initial claims were in
the West (-151,121) and South (-110,520).
     
     Among the 50 states and the District of Columbia, California recorded
the largest number of initial claims filed in mass layoff events for the
period (467,573), 25 percent of the national total.  The states with the
next highest numbers of initial claims were Pennsylvania (112,356), Ohio
(102,864), New York (93,583), and Illinois (90,181).  Half of all events
and 46 percent of all initial claims were from these five states.
     
     California reported the largest over-the-year decrease in initial
claims (-108,537), followed by Texas (-36,208), and South Carolina 
(-30,005).  The largest over-the-year increases occurred in New York 
(+8,005) and Georgia (+7,121).

                                  - 4 -

Table C.  Industries with the largest mass-layoff initial claims in 2003p
------------------------------------------------------------------------------          
                                        |       2003       |         2002
             Industry                   |------------------|-------------------
                                        | Initial |  Rank  | Initial  |  Rank
                                        | claims  |        |  claims  |
----------------------------------------|---------|--------|----------|--------
Temporary help services ................| 119,738 |    1   |  154,797 |    1
School and employee bus transportation..|  61,465 |    2   |   64,559 |    2
Motion picture and video production ....|  46,006 |    3   |   51,255 |    3
Highway, street, and bridge construction|  38,635 |    4   |   42,700 |    4
Food service contractors ...............|  37,446 |    5   |   37,363 |    5
Automobile manufacturing ...............|  36,152 |    6   |   24,464 |   11
Elementary and secondary schools .......|  35,494 |    7   |   27,443 |   10
Professional employer organizations ....|  32,031 |    8   |   36,951 |    6
Supermarkets and other grocery stores ..|  31,713 |    9   |   20,183 |   15
Farm labor contractors and crew leaders |  28,967 |   10   |   35,926 |    7
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     p=preliminary.

Note
     
     The monthly data series in this release cover mass layoffs of 50 or
more workers beginning in a given month, regardless of the duration of the
layoffs.  Information on the length of the layoff is obtained later and
issued in a quarterly release that reports on mass layoffs lasting more
than 30 days (referred to as "extended mass layoffs").  The quarterly
release provides more information on the industry classification and
location of the establishment and on the demographics of the laid-off
workers.  Because monthly figures include short-term layoffs of 30 days or
less, the sum of the figures for the 3 months in a quarter will be higher
than the quarterly figure for mass layoffs of more than 30 days.  (See
table 1.)  See the Technical Note for more detailed definitions.

                   ______________________________
   
   
   The report on Extended Mass Layoffs in the Fourth Quarter of 2003 is
scheduled to be released on Thursday, February 12, 2004.  The report on
Mass Layoffs in January 2004 is scheduled to be released on Wednesday,
February 25, 2004.




Technical Note
 
 
 
 The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a federal-state program that
uses a standardized, automated approach to identifying, describing, and
tracking the effects of major job cutbacks, using data from each state's
unemployment insurance database.  Each month, states report on
establishments which have at least 50 initial claims filed against them
during a consecutive 5-week period.  These establishments then are
contacted by the state agency to determine whether these separations lasted
31 days or longer, and, if so, other information concerning the layoff is
collected.  States report on layoffs lasting more than 1 month on a
quarterly basis.
 
 A given month contains an aggregation of the weekly unemployment
insurance claims filings for the Sunday through Saturday weeks in that
month.  All weeks are included for the particular month, except if the
first day of the month falls on Saturday.  In this case, the week is
included in the prior month's tabulations.  This means that some months
will contain 4 weeks and others 5 weeks, and the number of weeks in a given
month may be different from year to year.  Therefore, analysis of over-the-
month and over-the-year change should take this calendar effect into
consideration.
 
 The MLS program resumed operations in April 1995 after it had been
terminated in November 1992 due to lack of funding.  Prior to April 1995,
monthly layoff statistics were not available.
 
 Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request.  Voice phone: 202-691-5200; 
TDD message referral phone number:  1-800-877-8339.
 
Definitions
 
 Initial claimant.  A person who files any notice of unemployment to
initiate a request either for a determination of entitlement to and
eligibility for compensation, or for a subsequent period of unemployment
within a benefit year or period of eligibility.
 
 Mass layoff event.  Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment
insurance benefits filed against an establishment during a 5-week period,
regardless of duration.






Table 1. Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, October 2001 to December 2003
                            
                                                            Extended mass layoffs 
                                Total mass layoffs        lasting more than 30 days        Realization rates(1)
             Date           

                                           Initial                        Initial                      Initial
                                Events    claimants       Events         claimants         Events     claimants
                            
             2001           

October ....................     1,831     215,483
November ...................     2,721     295,956
December ...................     2,440     268,893

Fourth Quarter .............     6,992     780,332         2,697          502,502           38.6         64.4

             2002           

January ....................     2,146     263,777
February ...................     1,382     138,808
March ......................     1,460     161,316

First Quarter ..............     4,988     563,901         1,750          316,489           35.1         56.1

April ......................     1,506     165,814
May ........................     1,723     179,799
June .......................     1,584     162,189

Second Quarter .............     4,813     507,802         1,905          353,017           39.6         69.5

July .......................     2,042     245,294
August .....................     1,248     128,103
September ..................     1,062     124,522

Third Quarter ..............     4,352     497,919         1,383          284,629           31.8         57.2

October ....................     1,497     171,100
November ...................     2,153     240,171
December ...................     2,474     264,158

Fourth Quarter .............     6,124     675,429         2,257          421,570           36.9         62.4

             2003           

January ....................     2,315     225,430
February ...................     1,363     124,965
March ......................     1,207     113,026

First Quarter ..............     4,885     463,421         1,700          333,197           34.8         71.9

April ......................     1,581     161,412
May ........................     1,703     174,204
June .......................     1,691     157,552

Second Quarter .............     4,975     493,168         2,131          415,316           42.8         84.2

July .......................     2,087     226,435
August .....................     1,258     133,839
September ..................       868      82,647

Third Quarter ..............     4,213     442,921   (2)(p)1,375    (2)(p)181,793        (p)32.6      (p)41.0

October ....................     1,523     158,240
November (p) ...............     1,438     138,543
December (p) ...............     1,929     192,633

Fourth Quarter (p) .........     4,890     489,416



    1 The event realization rate is the percentage of total mass layoff events lasting more than 30 days. The
initial claimant realization rate is the percentage of total mass-layoff initial claimants associated with
layoffs lasting more than 30 days. 
    2 These quarterly numbers are provisional and will increase as more data on these layoffs become avaliable.
Recent experience suggests that the number of extended mass layoff events is generally revised upwards by less
than 10 percent and the number of initial claimants associated with such events increases by 25-40 percent. 
    p = preliminary. 



Table 2. Industry distribution: Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance
                                                 
                                                                                                    Initial claimants for          
                                                             Mass layoff events                     unemployment insurance         
                     Industry                    

                                                   December  October  November December   December    October   November   December
                                                     2002     2003     2003p    2003p       2002       2003      2003p      2003p 


     Total(1) ...................................    2,474    1,523    1,438    1,929      264,158    158,240    138,543    192,633

Total, private ..................................    2,396    1,453    1,380    1,846      257,470    150,713    133,818    185,928

  Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting ....       72      188      146       53        4,663     13,007     10,294      3,178
  Mining ........................................       26        5        8       21        1,981        343        568      1,937
  Utilities .....................................        4    ( 2 )        4        3          401      ( 2 )        308        160
  Construction ..................................      408      143      263      335       31,998     11,422     20,999     25,684
  Manufacturing .................................      984      438      408      648      126,826     53,741     48,419     77,915
      Food ......................................       89       96       70       89       10,597     10,034      8,410      9,285
      Beverage and tobacco products .............        9       16        9        5        1,032      1,237        938        781
      Textile mills .............................       46        9       13       31        6,676      1,533      1,178      4,299
      Textile product mills .....................       23        8        8       14        3,014        881        483      2,102
      Apparel ...................................       42       25       14       32        5,101      2,592      1,269      3,232
      Leather and allied products ...............       10    ( 2 )    ( 2 )        7          854      ( 2 )      ( 2 )        842
      Wood products .............................       64       15       29       55        7,219      1,163      3,852      5,000
      Paper .....................................       21       12       12       12        1,540      1,049        856        934
      Printing and related support activities ...       11       11        8        7        1,186        998        570        627
      Petroleum and coal products ...............        9    ( 2 )    ( 2 )       10          932      ( 2 )      ( 2 )        863

      Chemicals .................................       11        7       10        9        1,523        546        908        735
      Plastics and rubber products ..............       77       16       27       40       11,776      1,390      2,085      3,579
      Nonmetallic mineral products ..............       54       13       21       49        5,366      1,193      2,089      4,079
      Primary metals ............................       65       29       22       33        7,179      3,444      2,470      3,421
      Fabricated metal products .................       72       23       31       39        8,249      2,093      2,696      4,045
      Machinery .................................       57       35       28       24        7,547      7,212      4,642      3,629
      Computer and electronic products ..........       69       26       19       19        6,702      2,361      1,468      1,408
      Electrical equipment and appliances .......       39       11       12       20        8,304      2,493      2,671      4,726
      Transportation equipment ..................      158       55       51      122       25,408     10,229      9,696     21,061
      Furniture and related products ............       35       15       10       14        3,868      1,995        856      1,607
      Miscellaneous manufacturing ...............       23       11        8       17        2,753        883        891      1,660

  Wholesale trade ...............................       36       22       23       27        2,748      1,760      2,421      2,443
  Retail trade ..................................      113      115       76       98       11,417     21,870      6,877      9,203
  Transportation and warehousing ................      141       37       42      131       15,874      3,003      4,127     15,528
  Information ...................................       54       52       37       40       10,396      7,755      5,918      3,839
  Finance and insurance .........................       27       35       19       27        2,095      2,541      1,485      1,764
  Real estate and rental and leasing ............        7       12        8        4          431        718        432        562
  Professional and technical services ...........       56       30       33       57        4,595      2,447      3,175      6,095
  Management of companies and enterprises .......        3    ( 2 )    ( 2 )        3        1,458      ( 2 )      ( 2 )        296
  Administrative and waste services .............      228      233      163      200       20,106     21,380     13,925     17,256
  Educational services ..........................        8    ( 2 )    ( 2 )        6          475      ( 2 )      ( 2 )        327
  Health care and social assistance .............       28       37       28       27        3,337      2,407      2,243      2,075
  Arts, entertainment, and recreation ...........       25       28       26       20        1,724      2,039      1,920      1,795
  Accommodation and food services ...............      155       62       75      131       15,302      5,176      7,348     14,701
  Other services, except public administration ..       15        7       15       12        1,174        459      1,081        955

  Unclassified ..................................        6        5        2        3          469        343      1,646        215

Government ......................................       78       70       58       83        6,688      7,527      4,725      6,705
  Federal .......................................        6       20        9       13          672      1,649        820      1,419
  State .........................................       14       16       22       10        1,031      1,383      1,917        830
  Local .........................................       58       34       27       60        4,985      4,495      1,988      4,456


    1 Data were reported by all states and the District of Columbia.
    2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. 
    p = preliminary.
    NOTE: Industry data reflect the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), 2002.

    Table 3. Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by census region and division
                           
                                                                                      Initial claimants for            
                                          Mass layoff events                          unemployment insurance           
 Census region and division

                             December    October   November   December     December     October    November    December
                               2002       2003       2003p      2003p        2002        2003        2003p       2003p 

      United States(1) ....    2,474      1,523      1,438      1,929       264,158     158,240     138,543     192,633

Northeast .................      444        184        210        350        43,796      17,061      21,478      34,437

  New England .............      119         16         29         66        13,823       1,157       2,282       6,904
  Middle Atlantic .........      325        168        181        284        29,973      15,904      19,196      27,533

South .....................      557        278        265        335        60,660      29,371      27,438      32,467

  South Atlantic ..........      290        134        135        192        32,679      13,270      13,822      17,903
  East South Central ......      140         44         35         59        16,041       5,310       4,212       6,510
  West South Central ......      127        100         95         84        11,940      10,791       9,404       8,054

Midwest ...................      830        325        426        780       101,493      43,432      46,298      87,806

  East North Central ......      609        264        313        596        71,477      27,841      31,687      64,802
  West North Central ......      221         61        113        184        30,016      15,591      14,611      23,004

West ......................      643        736        537        464        58,209      68,376      43,329      37,923

  Mountain ................       76         47         51         63         6,881       4,038       4,606       7,025
  Pacific .................      567        689        486        401        51,328      64,338      38,723      30,898


    1 See footnote 1, table 2.
    p = preliminary.
    NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the census divisions are: New England:
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and
Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central:
Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North
Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho,
Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. 



Table 4. State distribution: Mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance
                         
                                                                                       Initial claimants for            
                                         Mass layoff events                            unemployment insurance           
           State         

                           December     October    November    December     December     October    November    December
                             2002        2003        2003p       2003p        2002        2003        2003p       2003p 

   Total(1) .............    2,474       1,523       1,438       1,929       264,158     158,240     138,543     192,633

Alabama .................       32          13          10          27         3,532       1,671       1,384       3,728
Alaska ..................        3           3           6           3           175         295         561         213
Arizona .................       10           8           4           8           852         700         257         551
Arkansas ................        8           6           3           6           773       1,140         777         656
California ..............      485         616         420         346        42,225      57,322      32,200      25,953
Colorado ................        9           8           7          11         1,013         581         549       1,107
Connecticut .............        8           3           4          13           801         200         312       1,166
Delaware ................    ( 2 )       ( 2 )       ( 2 )       ( 2 )         ( 2 )       ( 2 )       ( 2 )       ( 2 )
District of Columbia ....    ( 2 )           -       ( 2 )           4         ( 2 )           -       ( 2 )         287
Florida .................       77          66          55          63         5,377       4,608       3,533       4,826
Georgia .................       58          23          18          31         5,417       2,838       1,771       3,354
Hawaii ..................        7           6       ( 2 )           6         1,448         462       ( 2 )         506
Idaho ...................       18          10          11          12         1,339       1,203       1,408       1,647

Illinois ................      122          74          57         123        15,469       7,890       5,785      15,006
Indiana .................      119          22          42         108        20,385       2,118       4,269      15,330
Iowa ....................       65          18          29          46         8,024       3,680       3,464       5,305
Kansas ..................       22           6           6          29         3,942         738         696       3,518
Kentucky ................       79          23          14           9         9,849       3,136       1,649         995
Louisiana ...............       27          12          23          15         1,691       1,045       1,773         991
Maine ...................        8           3           4           5           604         180         306         424
Maryland ................        4           4           9          15           472         256         843       1,119
Massachusetts ...........       63           9          17          24         7,495         713       1,373       2,568
Michigan ................       71          42          48         135         6,500       4,263       5,058      12,275
Minnesota ...............       51          17          44          51         6,748       2,845       3,849       6,342
Mississippi .............       10           4           3           8           788         200         165         450
Missouri ................       58          18          22          45         8,606       8,165       5,651       6,180

Montana .................        4           5           5           7           538         360         428         918
Nebraska ................       18       ( 2 )           7          10         2,015       ( 2 )         412       1,411
Nevada ..................       26          10          14          20         2,426         835       1,156       2,351
New Hampshire ...........       11       ( 2 )       ( 2 )       ( 2 )         1,210       ( 2 )       ( 2 )       ( 2 )
New Jersey ..............       74          27          43          76         7,315       2,906       5,985       6,895
New Mexico ..............        9       ( 2 )           4           3           713       ( 2 )         212         278
New York ................      101          44          59          88         9,599       3,855       5,648       9,448
North Carolina ..........       10          19          23          23           793       2,039       3,635       1,857
North Dakota ............        5           -           4       ( 2 )           483           -         474       ( 2 )
Ohio ....................      124          66          75         117        11,472       7,316       6,464      10,693
Oklahoma ................       23          12           3          12         2,910       1,614         406       1,278
Oregon ..................       45          39          26          26         5,250       3,784       3,058       2,498
Pennsylvania ............      150          97          79         120        13,059       9,143       7,563      11,190

Rhode Island ............       21           -       ( 2 )          12         2,921           -       ( 2 )       1,775
South Carolina ..........       91           7           7          17        13,918         706         547       2,713
South Dakota ............    ( 2 )           -       ( 2 )       ( 2 )         ( 2 )           -       ( 2 )       ( 2 )
Tennessee ...............       19           4           8          15         1,872         303       1,014       1,337
Texas ...................       69          70          66          51         6,566       6,992       6,448       5,129
Utah ....................        -       ( 2 )           6       ( 2 )             -       ( 2 )         596       ( 2 )
Vermont .................        8           -       ( 2 )          10           792           -       ( 2 )         794
Virginia ................       45          14          16          34         6,298       1,376       2,644       3,372
Washington ..............       27          25          32          20         2,230       2,475       2,751       1,728
West Virginia ...........    ( 2 )           -           5           3         ( 2 )           -         556         176
Wisconsin ...............      173          60          91         113        17,651       6,254      10,111      11,498
Wyoming .................        -           3           -           -             -         216           -           -

Puerto Rico .............        6           7           -           6           698         567           -         486


    1 See footnote 1, table 2.
    2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. 
    p = preliminary.
    NOTE: Dash represents zero.