Internet address:  http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm
Technical information:  (202) 691-6378          USDL 01-103

                                                For release:  10:00 A.M. EDT
Media contact:                691-5902          Thursday, April 19, 2001


              EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILIES IN 2000


   In 2000, 83.2 percent of U.S. families had at least one employed member, 
about unchanged from 1999, the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor
Statistics reported.  Of the nation's 71.7 million families, 5.7 percent
reported having an unemployed member, a decline of 0.3 percentage point
from the previous year.
   
   These data on employment, unemployment, and family relationships are
collected as part of the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample
survey of about 50,000 households.  Families include married-couple families,
as well as families maintained by a man or a woman with no spouse present.
For further information about the CPS, see the Technical Note.

Families and Unemployment
     
   In an average week in 2000, 4.1 million families had at least one member
who was unemployed.  Of these families, 72.3 percent also contained at least
one employed family member.  The proportion of black families with an unem-
ployed member (10.2 percent) was higher than the proportion for either
Hispanic (9.0 percent) or white families (5.0 percent).  Among the families
with unemployment, white and Hispanic families were more likely than black
families to have at least one employed member.  (See table 1.)

Families and Employment
     
   From 1999 to 2000, the percentage of Hispanic families with an employed
member rose a full percentage point to 87.5 percent, while the proportions
for white families and for black families were about unchanged.  Since
1994, when the series began, the proportions of black and Hispanic families
with an employed member have increased by 7.2 and 6.2 percentage points,
respectively, compared with a gain of 1.7 points for white families.
(See table 1.)
   
   Overall, 84.0 percent of married-couple families included an employed
person in 2000, as did 86.5 percent of families maintained by men (no
spouse present).  Both proportions were essentially unchanged from 1999.
In 2000, 78.5 percent of families maintained by women (no spouse present)
included an employed person.  This proportion was 0.9 percentage point
higher than it had been in 1999 and about 9 points higher than in 1994.
(See table 2.)
   
   The proportion of all married-couple families in which only the husband
worked was 19.2 percent in 2000, about the same as the year before.  The
proportion of married-couple families in which both the husband and wife
were employed edged up over the year to 53.2 percent in 2000.  (See table 2.)

Families with Children
     
   In 2000, both parents were employed in 64.2 percent of married-couple
families with children under 18, while the father, but not the mother, was
employed in 29.2 percent of these families.  Both proportions were about
unchanged from a year earlier and have shown little change since 1994.
The proportion of "traditional" families, that is, families in which the
father, but not the mother, is employed, is much larger among couples with
preschool children (under 6 years of age) than among families whose
youngest child was 6 to 17 years old.  (See table 4.)

                                  - 2 -

Mothers
   
   The unemployment rate for unmarried mothers--those who were single, widowed,
divorced, or separated--with children under 18 declined by 0.6 percentage 
point in 2000 to 7.5 percent.  The rate for married mothers, at 2.9 percent in
2000, was little changed over the year.  (See table 5.)
   
   The labor force participation rate for unmarried mothers increased over
the year by 0.4 percentage point to 78.9 percent.  Since 1994, the labor
force participation rate for this group has grown by 11.6 percentage points.
The rate for married mothers (who represent nearly three-quarters of all
mothers) was unchanged in 2000 at 69.8 percent.  (See table 5.)
   
   The labor force participation rate for unmarried mothers with children
under a year old was unchanged for the second year in a row at 58.8 percent.
It had risen by about 13 percentage points between 1994 and 1998.  The par-
ticipation rate for married mothers with children under a year old (53.3
percent) declined by 2.5 percentage points over the year.  This is the third
straight decline for this measure.  (See table 6.)
Technical Note


  The estimates in this release are based on annual average data from the
Current Population Survey (CPS), a national sample survey of about 50,000
households conducted monthly for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the
U.S. Census Bureau.  The information relates to the labor force status of
persons 16 years old and over in the civilian noninstitutional population
during an "average" week of the year.

  Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request.  Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone number: 1-800-877-8339.

Reliability of the estimates

  Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error.  When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed,
there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent.  The exact difference, or sampling error,
varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is
measured by the standard error of the estimate.  There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will
differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population
value because of sampling error.  BLS analyses are generally conducted
at the 90-percent level of confidence.

  The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error.  Nonsampling
error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample
a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all
respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

  For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and
information on estimating standard errors, see the "Explanatory Notes and
Estimates of Error" section of Employment and Earnings.

Definitions

  The principal definitions used in this release are described briefly below.

  Family.  A family is a group of two or more persons residing together
who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption.  The count of families is
for "primary" families only, that is, the householder and all other persons
related to and residing with the householder.  Families are classified
either as married-couple families or as families maintained by women or
men without spouses.

  Householder.  The householder is the family reference person.  This is the
person (or one of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned or
rented.  The relationship of other individuals in the household is defined
in terms of relationship to the householder.

  Married, spouse present; other marital status.  These terms denote the
marital status of individuals at the time of interview.  Married, spouse
present, refers to husbands and wives living together in the same household,
even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit,
in a hospital, etc.  Other marital status includes persons who are
never-married; married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced.  Married,
spouse absent relates to persons who are separated due to marital problems,
as well as husbands and wives who are living apart because one or the other
was employed elsewhere, on duty with the Armed Forces, or any other reasons.

  Children.  Data on children refer to own children and include sons,
daughters, adopted, and step-children of the husband, wife, or person
maintaining the family.  Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren,
other related children, and all unrelated children living in the household.


     Table 1.  Employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic origin, 1999-2000
     annual averages

     (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                    
                                                                                                    
                              Characteristic                                1999           2000     
                                                                                                    
                                   TOTAL                                                            
                                                                                                    
     Total families...................................................     71,250         71,680    
                                                                                                    
         With employed member(s)......................................     59,185         59,626    
               As percent of total families...........................       83.1           83.2    
                  Some usually work full time(1)......................     55,123         55,683    
         With no employed member......................................     12,065         12,054    
               As percent of total families...........................       16.9           16.8    
                                                                                                    
         With unemployed member(s)....................................      4,260          4,110    
               As percent of total families...........................        6.0            5.7    
           Some member(s) employed....................................      3,091          2,973    
                  As percent of families with unemployed member(s)....       72.6           72.3    
             Some usually work full time(1)...........................      2,771          2,675    
                     As percent of families with unemployed member(s).       65.0           65.1    
                                                                                                    
                                   White                                                            
                                                                                                    
     Total families...................................................     59,661         59,918    
                                                                                                    
         With employed member(s)......................................     49,632         49,877    
               As percent of total families...........................       83.2           83.2    
                  Some usually work full time(1)......................     46,333         46,639    
         With no employed member......................................     10,029         10,042    
               As percent of total families...........................       16.8           16.8    
                                                                                                    
         With unemployed member(s)....................................      3,134          3,010    
               As percent of total families...........................        5.3            5.0    
           Some member(s) employed....................................      2,374          2,276    
                  As percent of families with unemployed member(s)....       75.8           75.6    
             Some usually work full time(1)...........................      2,132          2,052    
                     As percent of families with unemployed member(s).       68.0           68.2    
                                                                                                    
                                   Black                                                            
                                                                                                    
     Total families...................................................      8,498          8,600    
                                                                                                    
         With employed member(s)......................................      6,847          6,964    
               As percent of total families...........................       80.6           81.0    
                  Some usually work full time(1)......................      6,249          6,401    
         With no employed member......................................      1,652          1,636    
               As percent of total families...........................       19.4           19.0    
                                                                                                    
         With unemployed member(s)....................................        905            881    
               As percent of total families...........................       10.6           10.2    
           Some member(s) employed....................................        551            535    
                  As percent of families with unemployed member(s)....       60.8           60.8    
             Some usually work full time(1)...........................        486            476    
                     As percent of families with unemployed member(s).       53.7           54.1    
                                                                                                    
                              Hispanic origin                                                       
                                                                                                    
     Total families...................................................      7,403          7,581    
                                                                                                    
         With employed member(s)......................................      6,405          6,633    
               As percent of total families...........................       86.5           87.5    
                  Some usually work full time(1)......................      6,017          6,255    
         With no employed member......................................        998            947    
               As percent of total families...........................       13.5           12.5    
                                                                                                    
         With unemployed member(s)....................................        715            679    
               As percent of total families...........................        9.7            9.0    
           Some member(s) employed....................................        518            493    
                  As percent of families with unemployed member(s)....       72.5           72.7    
             Some usually work full time(1)...........................        467            446    
                     As percent of families with unemployed member(s).       65.3           65.8    

       1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
         NOTE:  Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because
     data for the 'other races' group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white
     and black population groups.  Data for 2000 are not strictly comparable with data for 1999 and
     earlier years because of the introduction of revised population controls in the household
     survey in January 2000.  Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.  Due to a change in the
     way the data were processed, some percents and rates shown for 1999 will differ slightly from
     previously published data.




     Table 2.  Families by presence and relationship of employed members and family type, 1999-2000
     annual averages

     (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                       
                                                                                                       
                                                                 Number           Percent distribution 
                       Characteristic                                                                  
                                                                                                       
                                                            1999        2000        1999        2000   
                                                                                                       
                  MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES                                                              
                                                                                                       
         Total.........................................    54,468      54,704      100.0       100.0   
                                                                                                       
     Member(s) employed, total.........................    45,800      45,967       84.1        84.0   
       Husband only....................................    10,533      10,500       19.3        19.2   
       Wife only.......................................     2,980       2,946        5.5         5.4   
       Husband and wife................................    28,882      29,128       53.0        53.2   
       Other employment combinations...................     3,404       3,394        6.3         6.2   
     No member(s) employed.............................     8,668       8,737       15.9        16.0   
                                                                                                       
              FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN(1)                                                          
                                                                                                       
         Total.........................................    12,625      12,775      100.0       100.0   
                                                                                                       
     Members(s) employed, total........................     9,797      10,026       77.6        78.5   
       Householder only................................     5,566       5,581       44.1        43.7   
       Householder and other member(s).................     2,663       2,806       21.1        22.0   
       Other member(s), not householder................     1,568       1,639       12.4        12.8   
     No member(s) employed.............................     2,827       2,749       22.4        21.5   
                                                                                                       
               FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN(1)                                                           
                                                                                                       
         Total.........................................     4,158       4,200      100.0       100.0   
                                                                                                       
     Members(s) employed, total........................     3,588       3,632       86.3        86.5   
       Householder only................................     1,718       1,761       41.3        41.9   
       Householder and other member(s).................     1,353       1,358       32.5        32.3   
       Other member(s), not householder................       517         514       12.4        12.2   
     No member(s) employed.............................       569         567       13.7        13.5   

       1 No spouse present.
         NOTE:  Data for 2000 are not strictly comparable with data for 1999 and earlier years because
     of the introduction of revised population controls in the household survey in January 2000. 
     Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.  Due to a change in the way the data were processed,
     some percents and rates shown for 1999 will differ slightly from previously published data.





     Table 3.  Unemployment in families by presence and relationship of employed members and family
     type, 1999-2000 annual averages

     (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                       
                                                                                                       
                                                                  Number          Percent distribution 
                       Characteristic                                                                  
                                                                                                       
                                                             1999        2000       1999        2000   
                                                                                                       
                  MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES                                                              
                                                                                                       
     With unemployed member(s), total..................     2,705       2,584      100.0       100.0   
       No member employed..............................       440         411       16.3        15.9   
       Some member(s) employed.........................     2,265       2,174       83.7        84.1   
         Husband unemployed............................       924         836       34.2        32.3   
           Wife employed...............................       589         531       21.8        20.5   
         Wife unemployed...............................       790         789       29.2        30.5   
           Husband employed............................       696         694       25.8        26.8   
         Other family member unemployed................       991         959       36.6        37.1   
                                                                                                       
              FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN(1)                                                          
                                                                                                       
     With unemployed member(s), total..................     1,222       1,194      100.0       100.0   
       No member employed..............................       613         587       50.2        49.1   
       Some member(s) employed.........................       609         607       49.8        50.9   
         Householder unemployed........................       560         522       45.8        43.7   
           Other member(s) employed....................       110         102        9.0         8.5   
         Other member(s) unemployed....................       662         672       54.2        56.3   
                                                                                                       
               FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN(1)                                                           
                                                                                                       
     With unemployed member(s), total..................       333         331      100.0       100.0   
       No member employed..............................       115         139       34.6        42.0   
       Some member(s) employed.........................       218         192       65.4        58.0   
         Householder unemployed........................       154         173       46.4        52.2   
           Other member(s) employed....................        71          67       21.4        20.4   
         Other member(s) unemployed....................       178         158       53.6        47.8   

       1 No spouse present.
         NOTE:  Data for 2000 are not strictly comparable with data for 1999 and earlier years because
     of the introduction of revised population controls in the household survey in January 2000. 
     Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.  Due to a change in the way the data were processed,
     some percents and rates shown for 1999 will differ slightly from previously published data.





     Table 4.  Families with own children: Employment status of parents by age of youngest child and
     family type, 1999-2000 annual averages

     (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                       
                                                                                                       
                                                                 Number           Percent distribution 
                       Characteristic                                                                  
                                                                                                       
                                                            1999        2000        1999        2000   
                                                                                                       
              WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS                                                         
                                                                                                       
         Total.........................................    34,340      34,340      100.0       100.0   
       Parent(s) employed..............................    31,493      31,601       91.7        92.0   
       No parent employed..............................     2,847       2,739        8.3         8.0   
                                                                                                       
       Married-couple families.........................    24,904      24,915      100.0       100.0   
         Parent(s) employed............................    24,243      24,282       97.3        97.5   
           Mother employed.............................    16,995      17,012       68.2        68.3   
             Both parents employed.....................    15,958      15,996       64.1        64.2   
             Mother employed, not father...............     1,037       1,016        4.2         4.1   
           Father employed, not mother.................     7,249       7,270       29.1        29.2   
         Neither parent employed.......................       661         633        2.7         2.5   
                                                                                                       
       Families maintained by women(1).................     7,653       7,613      100.0       100.0   
         Mother employed...............................     5,713       5,751       74.6        75.5   
         Mother not employed...........................     1,940       1,862       25.4        24.5   
                                                                                                       
       Families maintained by men(1)...................     1,782       1,812      100.0       100.0   
         Father employed...............................     1,537       1,568       86.3        86.5   
         Father not employed...........................       245         244       13.7        13.5   
                                                                                                       
              WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS,                                                         
                        NONE YOUNGER                                                                   
                                                                                                       
         Total.........................................    19,364      19,382      100.0       100.0   
       Parent(s) employed..............................    17,824      17,892       92.0        92.3   
       No parent employed..............................     1,540       1,490        8.0         7.7   
                                                                                                       
       Married-couple families.........................    13,565      13,628      100.0       100.0   
         Parent(s) employed............................    13,174      13,248       97.1        97.2   
           Mother employed.............................    10,113      10,247       74.6        75.2   
             Both parents employed.....................     9,446       9,575       69.6        70.3   
             Mother employed, not father...............       667         672        4.9         4.9   
           Father employed, not mother.................     3,061       3,001       22.6        22.0   
         Neither parent employed.......................       391         380        2.9         2.8   
                                                                                                       
       Families maintained by women(1).................     4,722       4,668      100.0       100.0   
         Mother employed...............................     3,737       3,715       79.1        79.6   
         Mother not employed...........................       985         954       20.9        20.4   
                                                                                                       
       Families maintained by men(1)...................     1,077       1,086      100.0       100.0   
         Father employed...............................       913         929       84.8        85.6   
         Father not employed...........................       164         157       15.2        14.4   
                                                                                                       
              WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS                                                          
                                                                                                       
         Total.........................................    14,976      14,958      100.0       100.0   
       Parent(s) employed..............................    13,669      13,708       91.3        91.6   
       No parent employed..............................     1,307       1,249        8.7         8.4   
                                                                                                       
       Married-couple families.........................    11,340      11,287      100.0       100.0   
         Parent(s) employed............................    11,069      11,034       97.6        97.8   
           Mother employed.............................     6,882       6,765       60.7        59.9   
             Both parents employed.....................     6,512       6,421       57.4        56.9   
             Mother employed, not father...............       370         344        3.3         3.0   
           Father employed, not mother.................     4,187       4,269       36.9        37.8   
         Neither parent employed.......................       270         254        2.4         2.2   
                                                                                                       
       Families maintained by women(1).................     2,931       2,945      100.0       100.0   
         Mother employed...............................     1,976       2,036       67.4        69.1   
         Mother not employed...........................       956         909       32.6        30.9   
                                                                                                       
       Families maintained by men(1)...................       705         726      100.0       100.0   
         Father employed...............................       624         639       88.5        88.0   
         Father not employed...........................        81          87       11.5        12.0   

       1 No spouse present.
         NOTE:  Own children include sons, daughters, step-children and adopted children.  Not included
     are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children.  Data for 2000 are
     not strictly comparable with data for 1999 and earlier years because of the introduction of
     revised population controls in the household survey in January 2000.  Detail may not sum to totals
     due to rounding.  Due to a change in the way the data were processed, some percents and rates
     shown for 1999 will differ slightly from previously published data.





     Table 5.  Employment status of the population by sex, marital status, and presence and age of own children
     under 18, 1999-2000 annual averages
     
     (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                  
                                                               1999                             2000              
                     Characteristic                                                                               
                                                                                                                  
                                                    Total       Men       Women      Total       Men       Women  
                                                                                                                  
          WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS                                                                        
                                                                                                                  
         Civilian noninstitutional population...   63,158     27,573     35,585     63,267     27,673     35,595  
           Civilian labor force.................   51,778     26,092     25,686     51,944     26,202     25,742  
               Participation rate...............     82.0       94.6       72.2       82.1       94.7       72.3  
             Employed...........................   50,010     25,472     24,538     50,259     25,622     24,637  
                 Employment-population ratio....     79.2       92.4       69.0       79.4       92.6       69.2  
               Full-time workers(1).............   43,033     24,712     18,321     43,365     24,922     18,443  
               Part-time workers(2).............    6,977        761      6,216      6,894        699      6,195  
             Unemployed.........................    1,768        620      1,149      1,685        581      1,104  
               Unemployment rate................      3.4        2.4        4.5        3.2        2.2        4.3  
                                                                                                                  
               Married, spouse present                                                                            
                                                                                                                  
         Civilian noninstitutional population...   51,302     25,462     25,840     51,415     25,540     25,874  
           Civilian labor force.................   42,260     24,222     18,038     42,361     24,290     18,072  
               Participation rate...............     82.4       95.1       69.8       82.4       95.1       69.8  
             Employed...........................   41,193     23,688     17,505     41,357     23,816     17,541  
                 Employment-population ratio....     80.3       93.0       67.7       80.4       93.2       67.8  
               Full-time workers(1).............   35,568     23,024     12,544     35,793     23,212     12,581  
               Part-time workers(2).............    5,625        664      4,961      5,564        604      4,960  
             Unemployed.........................    1,067        534        533      1,004        474        531  
               Unemployment rate................      2.5        2.2        3.0        2.4        2.0        2.9  
                                                                                                                  
               Other marital status(3)                                                                            
                                                                                                                  
         Civilian noninstitutional population...   11,856      2,110      9,746     11,853      2,132      9,720  
           Civilian labor force.................    9,518      1,870      7,648      9,583      1,913      7,670  
               Participation rate...............     80.3       88.6       78.5       80.8       89.7       78.9  
             Employed...........................    8,817      1,784      7,032      8,902      1,806      7,096  
                 Employment-population ratio....     74.4       84.6       72.2       75.1       84.7       73.0  
               Full-time workers(1).............    7,465      1,687      5,777      7,572      1,710      5,862  
               Part-time workers(2).............    1,352         97      1,255      1,330         96      1,234  
             Unemployed.........................      702         86        616        681        107        574  
               Unemployment rate................      7.4        4.6        8.1        7.1        5.6        7.5  
                                                                                                                  
          WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS,                                                                        
                    NONE YOUNGER                                                                                  
                                                                                                                  
         Civilian noninstitutional population...   34,662     15,090     19,572     34,737     15,165     19,572  
           Civilian labor force.................   29,403     14,092     15,311     29,576     14,178     15,398  
               Participation rate...............     84.8       93.4       78.2       85.1       93.5       78.7  
             Employed...........................   28,528     13,782     14,747     28,744     13,877     14,868  
                 Employment-population ratio....     82.3       91.3       75.3       82.7       91.5       76.0  
               Full-time workers(1).............   24,807     13,385     11,422     25,042     13,513     11,529  
               Part-time workers(2).............    3,722        397      3,325      3,703        364      3,339  
             Unemployed.........................      875        310        564        832        302        530  
               Unemployment rate................      3.0        2.2        3.7        2.8        2.1        3.4  
                                                                                                                  
           WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS                                                                        
                                                                                                                  
         Civilian noninstitutional population...   28,496     12,482     16,014     28,530     12,508     16,022  
           Civilian labor force.................   22,375     12,000     10,375     22,368     12,024     10,344  
               Participation rate...............     78.5       96.1       64.8       78.4       96.1       64.6  
             Employed...........................   21,482     11,691      9,791     21,515     11,745      9,770  
                 Employment-population ratio....     75.4       93.7       61.1       75.4       93.9       61.0  
               Full-time workers(1).............   18,227     11,327      6,900     18,323     11,410      6,914  
               Part-time workers(2).............    3,255        364      2,891      3,191        335      2,856  
             Unemployed.........................      894        310        584        853        279        574  
               Unemployment rate................      4.0        2.6        5.6        3.8        2.3        5.6  
                                                                                                                  
         WITH NO OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS                                                                      
                                                                                                                  
         Civilian noninstitutional population...  143,160     70,714     72,446    145,199     71,825     73,374  
           Civilian labor force.................   86,424     47,255     39,169     88,014     48,140     39,874  
               Participation rate...............     60.4       66.8       54.1       60.6       67.0       54.3  
             Employed...........................   82,333     44,828     37,504     84,058     45,781     38,278  
                 Employment-population ratio....     57.5       63.4       51.8       57.9       63.7       52.2  
               Full-time workers(1).............   66,136     38,086     28,051     68,046     39,136     28,910  
               Part-time workers(2).............   16,196      6,743      9,454     16,012      6,645      9,367  
             Unemployed.........................    4,091      2,426      1,665      3,956      2,359      1,596  
               Unemployment rate................      4.7        5.1        4.3        4.5        4.9        4.0  

       1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
       2 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
       3 Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
         NOTE:  See NOTE, table 4.  






Table 6.  Employment status of mothers with own children under 3 years old by single year of age of youngest child and by marital
status, 1999-2000 annual averages

(Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                     Civilian labor force                             
                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                      
                                          Civilian                                         Employed                   Unemployed    
              Characteristic              noninsti-               Percent                                                             
                                          tutional                  of                                                               
                                          population     Total    popula-              Percent Full-time  Part-time         Percent 
                                                                   tion      Total       of     workers    workers  Number  of labor
                                                                                       popula-    (1)        (2)             force  
                                                                                        tion                                           
                                                                                                                                       
                  1999                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                       
             TOTAL MOTHERS                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                       
    With own children under 3 years old.    9,339        5,742      61.5     5,389      57.7     3,692     1,697     353       6.1 
      2 years...........................    2,890        1,888      65.3     1,788      61.9     1,257       530     101       5.3 
      1 year............................    3,283        2,062      62.8     1,934      58.9     1,298       635     128       6.2 
      Under 1 year......................    3,166        1,792      56.6     1,668      52.7     1,137       531     124       6.9 
                                                                                                                                     
        Married, spouse present                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                     
    With own children under 3 years old.    7,089        4,224      59.6     4,078      57.5     2,744     1,334     147       3.5 
      2 years...........................    2,175        1,356      62.4     1,316      60.5       898       419      40       2.9 
      1 year............................    2,522        1,532      60.8     1,477      58.6       964       513      56       3.6 
      Under 1 year......................    2,392        1,336      55.8     1,285      53.7       882       403      51       3.8 
                                                                                                                                     
        Other marital status(3)                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                     
    With own children under 3 years old.    2,251        1,517      67.4     1,311      58.3       949       362     206      13.6 
      2 years...........................      715          532      74.4       472      65.9       360       112      61      11.4 
      1 year............................      761          529      69.5       457      60.0       334       123      72      13.7 
      Under 1 year......................      774          456      58.8       383      49.5       255       128      73      16.0 
                                                                                                                                     
                  2000                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                     
             TOTAL MOTHERS                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                     
    With own children under 3 years old.    9,356        5,653      60.4     5,311      56.8     3,614     1,697     342       6.0 
      2 years...........................    2,803        1,807      64.5     1,712      61.1     1,193       519      95       5.3 
      1 year............................    3,300        2,069      62.7     1,939      58.8     1,310       629     130       6.3 
      Under 1 year......................    3,253        1,777      54.6     1,660      51.0     1,112       548     117       6.6 
                                                                                                                                     
        Married, spouse present                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                     
    With own children under 3 years old.    7,056        4,090      58.0     3,940      55.8     2,613     1,327     150       3.7 
      2 years...........................    2,096        1,276      60.9     1,233      58.9       823       411      42       3.3 
      1 year............................    2,499        1,503      60.1     1,448      57.9       953       495      55       3.6 
      Under 1 year......................    2,461        1,312      53.3     1,259      51.1       837       421      53       4.1 
                                                                                                                                     
        Other marital status(3)                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                     
    With own children under 3 years old.    2,300        1,563      67.9     1,371      59.6     1,002       370     191      12.2 
      2 years...........................      707          531      75.1       478      67.6       370       108      53       9.9 
      1 year............................      801          566      70.7       491      61.3       357       134      75      13.2 
      Under 1 year......................      792          465      58.8       402      50.7       275       127      64      13.7 

  1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
  2 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
  3 Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
    NOTE:  See NOTE, table 4.