U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – SEPTEMBER 2018 

Prices for U.S. imports increased 0.5 percent in September, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 

today, after declining 0.4 percent in August and 0.1 percent in July. The September advance was led by 

higher fuel prices. U.S. export prices recorded no change in September following declines of 0.2 percent and 

0.5 percent the previous 2 months. 

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: September 2017 – September 2018

Imports 

Import prices advanced 0.5 percent in September, the first monthly increase since a 0.9-percent rise in May. 

The upturn reversed the declines in each of the previous 2 months. Prices for overall imports rose 3.5 

percent from September 2017 to September 2018 and have not recorded an over-the-year decrease since the 

index fell 0.2 percent in October 2016. (See table 1.) 

Fuel Imports: The price index for import fuels increased 3.8 percent in September, after declining 2.2 

percent in August. The September advance was the largest monthly rise since a 6.1-percent increase in May 

and was led by higher petroleum prices which more than offset lower natural gas prices. Prices for 

petroleum increased 4.1 percent in September following a 2.3-percent decline the previous month. In 

contrast, natural gas prices fell 4.0 percent, after decreasing 3.9 percent in August. Fuel prices increased 

30.0 percent for the year ended in September, driven by a 32.1-percent advance in petroleum prices. The 

price index for natural gas fell 1.3 percent over the past 12 months. 

0.8

0.2

1.0

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0.8

0.2

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0.5

0.9

0.0

-0.1

-0.4

0.5

2.7

2.4

3.5

3.2 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.5

4.5 4.7 4.8

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3.5

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

Sep'17 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep'18

1-month percent change 12-month percent change

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, October 12, 2018 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

USDL-18-1630
2

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for nonfuel imports recorded no change in September, after a 0.2-

percent decline in August. Higher foods, feeds, and beverages prices in September offset decreasing prices 

for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials and consumer goods. The price index for nonfuel imports 

increased 0.6 percent over the past 12 months. The over-the-year advance was driven mostly by a 4.3-

percent rise in nonfuel industrial supplies and materials, although higher prices for consumer goods and 

automotive vehicles also contributed to the increase. In contrast, prices for foods, feeds, and beverages fell 

over the same period and prices for capital goods recorded no change. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices decreased 0.4 

percent in September following a 0.9-percent drop the previous month. The September decrease was driven 

by a 1.4-percent decline in unfinished metals prices and a 1.2-percent drop in prices for selected building 

materials. 

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mostly flat during September. Consumer goods prices edged 

down 0.1 percent and the price indexes for capital goods and automotive vehicles both recorded no change. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Import prices for foods, feeds, and beverages advanced 2.0 percent in 

September, after a 0.3-percent increase in August. The September advance was led by a 13.7-percent rise in 

fruit prices and a 4.5-percent increase in vegetable prices. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories 
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent change in the Export Price Index: September 2017 – September 2018 

Exports 

U.S. export prices recorded no change in September following declines in each of the previous 2 months. 

Those were the first monthly decreases since June 2017. In September, lower agricultural prices offset 

increasing nonagricultural prices. Despite decreasing over the past quarter, prices for U.S. exports advanced 

2.7 percent for the year ended in September. (See table 2.) 

Agricultural Exports: Agricultural export prices fell 1.4 percent in September, after rising 0.3 percent in 

August and declining 5.2 percent in July. Overall, agricultural prices decreased 6.2 percent in the third 

quarter of 2018. The drop in agricultural prices in September and over the past 3 months was driven by 

lower soybean prices which fell 18.8 percent from June to September. The price index for agricultural 

exports decreased 2.3 percent over the past year. Declining prices for soybeans, fruits, meat, and nuts all 

contributed to the 12-month decrease. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports rose 0.2 percent in September 

following a 0.2-percent decline the previous month. Higher prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 

materials; capital goods; automotive vehicles; and nonagricultural foods all contributed to the September 

advance in nonagricultural prices. The price index for nonagricultural exports increased 3.3 percent over the 

past 12 months and has not recorded an over-the-year decline since November 2016. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 

advanced 0.2 percent in September, after falling 0.7 percent in August. The increase was led by higher 

prices for fuel, chemicals, and iron and steel mill products, which more than offset lower nonferrous metals 

prices. 

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mostly up in September. The price indexes for capital goods 

and automotive vehicles each edged up 0.1 percent and consumer goods prices recorded no change. The rise 

in capital goods prices in September was driven by higher prices for computer peripherals and the increase 

in prices for automotive vehicles was led by a 0.1-percent advance in passenger cars prices. 

0.8

0.1 0.5 0.1

0.7

0.2

0.4 0.5 0.7

0.2

-0.5

-0.2

0.0

2.8 2.7

3.1 2.8

3.3 3.1 3.4 3.7

5.0 5.3

4.3

3.5

2.7

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

Sep'17 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep'18

1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality 

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China edged down 0.1 percent for the third consecutive 

month in September. Despite the declines, the price index for imports from China advanced 0.4 percent 

from September 2017 to September 2018. Prices for imports from Japan decreased 0.2 percent in 

September, after recording no change the previous month. The September decline was the largest monthly 

drop since the index fell 0.3 percent in October 2017. Import prices from the European Union also 

decreased in September, declining 0.2 percent following a 0.1-percent drop in August. In contrast, prices for 

imports from Canada and Mexico increased 0.7 percent and 0.9 percent, respectively. Higher fuel prices 

factored into both advances. (See table 7.) 

Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China decreased 1.7 percent in September, after 

falling 0.2 percent in August and 2.2 percent in July. The index has not recorded a monthly advance since 

May. Prices for exports to Japan fell 0.5 percent in September and have not recorded a monthly increase 

since a 1.4-percent advance in February. The price index for exports to Mexico edged down 0.1 percent in 

September following 0.1-percent increases in August and July. In contrast, export prices to Canada rose 0.4 

percent, after advancing 0.2 percent the previous month. The September rise was the largest monthly 

increase since a 0.8-percent advance in May. The price index for exports to the European Union recorded no 

change, after edging down 0.1 percent in each of the previous 3 months. (See table 8.) 

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on the country, region, or grouping and 

measure the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade index 

with China fell 1.6 percent in September following a 0.1-percent decline in August and a 2.1-percent drop in 

July. The decreases over the past 3 months were driven by the drop in export prices to China which were 

greater than the declines in import prices from China. The index for U.S. terms of trade with Japan declined 

0.3 percent for the second consecutive month, after falling 1.3 percent in July. The U.S. terms of trade also 

declined with Canada and Mexico in September, falling 0.4 percent and 1.0 percent, respectively. In 

contrast, the index for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union increased 0.3 percent in September 

following 0.1-percent declines the previous 2 months. The September increase resulted from lower import 

prices from the European Union. (See table 9.) 

Import and Export Services 

Imports: The index for import air passenger fares increased 10.7 percent in September, the largest monthly 

advance since the index rose 10.7 percent in June 2013. The last time the index increased by more than 10.7 

percent was a 13.0-percent rise in June 2009. The September advance was led by a 20.3-percent increase in 

European fares. Import air passenger fares rose 5.7 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month advance 

since a 7.9-percent increase in April. Import air freight prices rose 0.8 percent in September and 3.3 percent 

over the past 12 months. (See table 10.) 

Exports: Export air passenger fares declined 2.8 percent in September following a 3.7-percent drop the 

previous month. The September decrease was driven by a 7.1-percent decline in Asian fares. Despite the 

recent decreases, the index for export air passenger fares increased 2.4 percent from September 2017 to 

September 2018. Prices for export air freight rose 0.5 percent in September and 3.4 percent over the past 

year. 

 

Import and Export Price Index data for October are scheduled for release on Thursday, November 15, 2018 at 

8:30 a.m. (EST). 
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2017 to

September 2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Aug.

20181

Index Percent change

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Annual Monthly

Sept.

2017 to

Sept.

2018

May

2018 to

June

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

All commodities................................... 100.000 127.6 128.2 3.5 0.0 -0.1 -0.4 0.5

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 82.530 100.4 100.3 1.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 89.014 113.2 113.2 0.6 -0.4 -0.1 -0.2 0.0

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 88.387 117.4 117.4 0.6 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2 0.0

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 5.857 175.9 179.5 -3.2 -2.7 -1.5 0.3 2.0

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 4.571 191.7 196.2 -4.4 -2.9 -2.1 0.6 2.3

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.287 140.7 142.0 1.3 -1.9 0.7 -0.4 0.9

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 25.910 197.3 200.3 14.8 1.3 -0.3 -1.5 1.5

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 14.983 157.0 156.2 4.1 0.2 -0.8 -0.9 -0.5

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 14.286 179.5 178.7 4.3 0.2 -1.1 -0.9 -0.4

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 9.062 170.2 168.9 2.9 0.3 -1.6 -1.4 -0.8

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 5.862 140.3 140.3 5.9 -0.1 0.4 -0.3 0.0

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 11.613 226.9 235.5 30.0 2.6 0.7 -2.2 3.8

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 10.986 250.7 261.1 32.1 2.8 0.5 -2.3 4.1

Crude........................................ 10000 7.860 262.5 278.0 39.7 2.0 0.6 -3.5 5.9

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.445 88.2 85.8 1.4 -1.6 8.0 -2.5 -2.7

Gas-natural.................................. 10110 0.299 69.3 66.5 -1.3 -5.4 21.2 -3.9 -4.0

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.591 121.5 121.4 12.8 1.5 1.4 1.0 -0.1

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 4.706 162.2 162.5 5.7 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2 0.2

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.649 155.4 153.6 2.8 0.4 -2.0 -2.6 -1.2

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 3.864 234.1 230.9 2.1 0.6 -2.7 -2.0 -1.4

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 1.794 160.8 160.5 3.4 -0.7 -0.5 -1.1 -0.2

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.694 114.4 114.7 4.4 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.3

Capital goods................................... 2 26.497 89.3 89.3 0.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.230 118.1 118.1 0.9 -0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 21.046 81.7 81.7 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 -0.2 0.0

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 2.221 134.7 134.5 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 15.701 110.4 110.4 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 26.034 107.6 107.5 0.6 -0.3 0.3 0.0 -0.1

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 12.867 123.8 123.9 2.0 -0.1 0.9 0.0 0.1

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 11.883 92.6 92.5 -0.6 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 – 114.9 – – -2.1 -1.0 1.0 –

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2017 to

September 2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Aug.

20181

Index Percent change

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Annual Monthly

Sept.

2017 to

Sept.

2018

May

2018 to

June

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

All commodities................................... 100.000 127.2 127.2 2.7 0.2 -0.5 -0.2 0.0

Agricultural commodities....................... 9.587 175.2 172.8 -2.3 -1.0 -5.2 0.3 -1.4

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 80.690 101.5 101.4 1.8 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 90.413 123.5 123.7 3.3 0.3 0.1 -0.2 0.2

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 8.986 177.1 174.6 -2.6 -1.0 -4.6 0.4 -1.4

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 8.349 175.1 172.3 -3.4 -0.9 -5.2 0.4 -1.6

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.637 215.9 218.4 8.2 -3.0 2.6 0.9 1.2

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 31.956 162.7 163.1 6.6 0.9 -0.2 -0.7 0.2

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.215 163.2 162.2 -0.2 0.4 -1.2 -2.2 -0.6

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 21.742 162.8 163.8 10.2 1.1 0.3 0.0 0.6

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.238 181.8 182.1 4.7 -2.2 -4.9 -0.4 0.2

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials...................................... 30.719 162.2 162.5 6.7 0.9 0.0 -0.7 0.2

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 10.324 206.2 208.9 14.8 2.4 0.7 0.1 1.3

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 19.380 159.3 158.8 3.0 0.3 -0.4 -1.1 -0.3

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.015 123.7 123.1 1.3 0.4 0.2 -1.2 -0.5

Capital goods................................... 2 36.540 110.0 110.1 1.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.917 118.0 117.8 4.1 0.4 -0.5 1.0 -0.2

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 23.488 94.9 95.0 1.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 9.135 176.6 176.8 3.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 10.055 114.1 114.2 0.7 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 12.462 109.8 109.8 0.5 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.0

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 6.068 106.6 106.6 1.2 -0.5 0.1 0.1 0.0

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 4.961 107.5 107.5 -0.3 0.3 0.0 -0.2 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: September 2017 to September

2018

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Aug.

20181

Index Percent change

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Annual Monthly

Sept.

2017 to

Sept.

2018

May

2018 to

June

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Nonmanufacturing................................ 10.226 117.7 124.1 24.8 -0.2 0.3 -2.5 5.4

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 1.838 168.6 178.8 -8.9 -7.5 -4.1 2.2 6.0

Crop production............................... 111 1.461 177.7 191.2 -10.7 -8.4 -5.1 2.5 7.6

Animal production (Dec. 2014=100)........ 112 0.187 75.8 75.8 0.4 -4.2 -0.9 -0.3 0.0

Mining............................................ 21 8.388 113.3 119.4 35.8 1.7 1.2 -3.4 5.4

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 8.150 113.6 119.9 37.2 1.7 1.2 -3.5 5.5

Manufacturing..................................... 89.497 112.3 112.2 1.4 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.250 124.8 124.9 0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.1

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 3.355 155.1 155.3 -1.0 -1.3 -0.8 -0.2 0.1

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.098 121.9 121.8 2.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.1

Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)............... 313 0.381 100.0 100.3 0.9 -0.3 0.2 0.0 0.3

Textile product mills.......................... 314 0.917 109.7 109.0 -0.3 -0.3 0.0 0.3 -0.6

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.833 111.6 111.8 0.5 0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.2

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.666 123.5 123.4 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.1

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 18.598 129.5 129.4 6.2 0.9 0.3 0.1 -0.1

Wood product manufacturing................ 321 1.026 138.6 136.6 4.0 0.5 -2.9 -3.8 -1.4

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.079 115.5 115.3 9.5 2.0 1.5 1.7 -0.2

Printing and related support activities

(Dec. 2016=100)........................... 323 0.218 105.3 108.1 9.3 2.9 1.0 0.6 2.7

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 2.865 105.0 104.6 16.1 5.6 -0.1 1.0 -0.4

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 10.232 141.8 142.0 5.0 -0.4 0.8 0.1 0.1

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.188 119.6 119.5 0.9 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.989 131.2 131.2 2.3 0.5 0.2 -0.2 0.0

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 59.650 104.5 104.4 0.2 -0.1 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.406 155.3 153.6 2.9 0.1 -2.4 -2.0 -1.1

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.091 127.8 127.8 2.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.0

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 6.745 118.7 118.6 0.7 -0.3 0.0 0.1 -0.1

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 16.798 74.9 74.8 -1.2 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 4.891 116.2 116.0 0.7 -0.2 0.2 0.1 -0.2

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 16.663 109.4 109.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.1

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 1.773 117.5 117.5 1.6 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.284 118.3 118.0 0.1 -0.2 0.0 -0.4 -0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: September 2017 to September

2018

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Aug.

20181

Index Percent change

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Annual Monthly

Sept.

2017 to

Sept.

2018

May

2018 to

June

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Nonmanufacturing................................ 8.329 137.9 136.5 2.5 1.1 -5.6 1.2 -1.0

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 4.914 150.0 145.6 -3.4 -1.8 -8.7 1.6 -2.9

Crop production............................... 111 4.547 156.2 151.1 -3.5 -1.7 -9.0 2.0 -3.3

Mining............................................ 21 3.415 94.2 95.8 11.7 5.9 -1.0 0.7 1.7

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.102 109.3 107.9 1.2 -0.5 -0.8 -3.5 -1.3

Manufacturing..................................... 90.164 117.2 117.3 3.0 0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.1

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.858 139.1 139.5 0.3 -0.2 -0.8 -0.7 0.3

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.661 156.2 156.2 -1.1 -0.3 -0.7 -0.8 0.0

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.679 118.6 120.7 5.0 -1.2 -3.6 -1.8 1.8

Textile mills (Dec. 2016=100)............... 313 0.647 105.8 105.4 4.3 1.1 0.5 0.4 -0.4

Leather and allied product manufacturing

(Dec. 2016=100)........................... 316 0.259 94.0 94.2 -2.2 -0.8 -0.6 -0.3 0.2

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 25.808 119.5 119.8 7.5 0.2 0.6 -0.2 0.3

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.538 103.5 102.7 – 0.2 -0.5 -0.6 -0.8

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.712 131.8 131.6 8.3 0.2 0.8 -0.2 -0.2

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 6.918 122.6 123.9 16.4 0.3 1.6 -0.8 1.1

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 13.332 120.0 120.0 4.7 -0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.237 116.1 115.9 1.3 1.0 -0.2 0.1 -0.2

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.827 116.7 117.0 2.4 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.3

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 57.498 114.0 114.0 1.4 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.0

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 3.821 141.8 141.7 -0.4 0.3 -2.0 -2.1 -0.1

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.040 140.9 141.0 2.1 0.1 0.4 -0.1 0.1

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 8.959 127.7 127.6 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.1

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 13.958 83.3 83.4 0.8 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.868 118.4 118.4 4.2 0.5 -0.3 0.6 0.0

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 18.099 127.0 127.1 1.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1

Furniture and related product

manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100).......... 337 0.404 120.7 120.7 2.7 0.3 1.4 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.349 120.5 120.3 0.8 0.4 0.0 0.0 -0.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2017 to

September 2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Aug.

20181

Index Percent change

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Annual Monthly

Sept.

2017 to

Sept.

2018

May

2018 to

June

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.353 192.5 192.1 0.3 -2.7 0.2 -0.1 -0.2

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.366 244.3 237.8 -3.5 -1.4 -0.8 -0.9 -2.7

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.689 138.3 141.4 1.5 -3.9 0.6 -0.8 2.2

Vegetable products............................... II 1.804 197.6 211.4 -10.1 -7.6 -4.8 3.0 7.0

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.352 362.6 384.1 -18.0 -15.9 1.5 0.0 5.9

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.770 118.0 135.3 -11.0 -5.8 -9.2 4.8 14.7

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.328 209.6 203.2 -11.4 -1.7 -1.0 -0.8 -3.1

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.254 97.1 96.7 -18.3 -4.5 -1.3 -1.8 -0.4

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 2.781 165.7 165.9 2.1 -0.4 -0.6 -0.2 0.1

Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec.

2012=100)..................................... 17 0.193 87.3 87.9 2.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.5 0.7

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.200 96.5 97.7 2.8 -2.7 -1.2 -3.2 1.2

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or

other parts of plants.......................... 20 0.371 173.0 174.6 2.6 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.9

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.207 103.3 102.3 – 0.1 1.1 0.1 -1.0

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.039 132.0 132.0 2.4 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0

Mineral products.................................. V 11.434 227.2 235.9 30.5 2.7 0.9 -2.3 3.8

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 11.171 225.0 233.7 31.1 2.8 0.7 -2.3 3.9

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 9.564 159.6 160.0 5.6 -0.3 0.9 -0.1 0.3

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.619 315.6 328.9 26.3 1.1 0.5 -0.3 4.2

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.432 133.7 134.1 7.5 -0.1 0.3 -0.2 0.3

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 4.503 153.9 153.8 3.7 -0.6 1.5 0.0 -0.1

Fertilizers (Dec. 2009=100).................... 31 0.268 83.8 82.8 14.8 0.2 0.1 2.2 -1.2

Tanning extracts; dye, pigments, varnish,

paints & putty (Dec. 2011=100)............. 32 0.183 107.8 106.2 -0.4 0.7 1.0 -1.2 -1.5

Essential oils and resinoids (Dec.

2016=100)..................................... 33 0.571 102.3 102.1 -0.2 -0.6 -0.6 0.0 -0.2

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.634 106.9 106.8 1.6 0.0 0.2 -0.4 -0.1

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 3.404 141.6 141.3 0.8 0.4 -0.1 0.3 -0.2

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.246 145.0 144.8 1.8 0.7 0.1 0.4 -0.1

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.158 137.1 136.7 -0.9 -0.3 -0.6 0.1 -0.3

Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel

goods, etc....................................... VIII 0.635 125.8 125.1 0.8 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.6

Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc.

of various materials........................... 42 0.601 131.5 131.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.4

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw,

basketware and wickerwork................. IX 1.058 168.7 166.4 4.0 0.4 -2.8 -3.7 -1.4

Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal

(Dec. 2014=100).............................. 44 1.035 116.5 114.9 4.1 0.4 -2.9 -3.8 -1.4

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.129 120.9 121.2 9.9 1.6 1.8 0.8 0.2

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.741 111.5 111.0 7.9 1.1 2.2 0.7 -0.4

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2017 to

September 2018 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Aug.

20181

Index Percent change

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Annual Monthly

Sept.

2017 to

Sept.

2018

May

2018 to

June

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Printed matter (Dec. 2015=100)............... 49 0.215 111.8 113.7 8.6 3.5 0.9 0.4 1.7

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 4.979 114.3 114.4 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

knitted or crocheted.......................... 61 1.994 103.9 104.1 0.2 0.3 -0.2 -0.2 0.2

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.697 120.1 120.4 1.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2

Made-up or worn textile articles............... 63 0.637 104.3 104.1 0.2 -0.3 0.0 0.4 -0.2

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.376 122.5 122.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.1

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 1.151 121.3 121.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.1

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.922 131.9 132.1 1.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.2

Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

or mica (Dec. 2015=100).................... 68 0.332 99.7 99.8 3.2 0.7 0.0 -0.7 0.1

Ceramic products................................ 69 0.255 135.1 135.2 -0.5 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1

Glass and glassware............................ 70 0.335 131.8 131.9 0.5 -0.5 0.0 0.2 0.1

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 2.962 168.5 166.5 -4.8 0.2 -1.7 -1.6 -1.2

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 5.602 181.2 179.9 4.2 0.2 -1.1 -1.1 -0.7

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.363 231.2 231.4 15.4 0.0 0.8 -0.9 0.1

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.602 152.6 152.2 3.5 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.3

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.386 279.7 270.9 -9.9 -0.9 -7.1 -4.7 -3.1

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.944 139.4 138.1 4.0 0.0 -1.8 -1.4 -0.9

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.416 122.9 123.3 0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.3

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.513 137.2 137.0 -0.4 -0.5 0.2 0.0 -0.1

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 28.639 80.4 80.4 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 14.044 86.8 86.8 0.5 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 14.595 74.4 74.4 -1.1 -0.3 -0.3 0.0 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.900 114.2 114.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 12.710 113.3 113.3 0.4 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.0

Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec.

2002=100)..................................... 88 1.100 115.3 114.9 -0.5 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.3

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 3.818 102.3 102.2 0.2 -0.5 0.0 -0.2 -0.1

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.532 98.8 98.8 0.2 -0.4 -0.1 -0.2 0.0

Clocks and watches and parts thereof. . . . . .. 91 0.226 141.8 142.4 -1.0 -1.5 0.4 -0.3 0.4

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.298 112.7 112.8 1.5 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.707 118.5 118.5 1.4 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.0

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.308 103.0 103.3 2.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.3

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.282 129.5 129.5 -0.2 0.5 0.3 -0.1 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2017 to

September 2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Aug.

20181

Index Percent change

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Annual Monthly

Sept.

2017 to

Sept.

2018

May

2018 to

June

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.925 207.9 208.5 0.0 -0.6 0.9 -1.0 0.3

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.147 162.5 161.1 -3.3 -0.9 0.6 -1.9 -0.9

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100).............. 03 0.421 119.4 120.6 9.5 -3.4 3.9 0.6 1.0

Dairy products, eggs and honey (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 04 0.282 103.0 107.5 – 4.4 -1.6 0.9 4.4

Vegetable products............................... II 4.540 188.3 183.6 -3.8 -1.4 -8.9 1.6 -2.5

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.813 131.1 130.7 -7.9 2.1 -5.3 -2.9 -0.3

Cereals............................................ 10 1.452 196.8 190.8 9.6 -2.6 -7.7 5.0 -3.0

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 1.806 191.9 178.7 -10.6 -2.2 -11.7 2.4 -6.9

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.044 150.4 149.8 0.2 -0.7 -1.6 -0.3 -0.4

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or

other parts of plants (Dec. 2009=100). . . .. 20 0.343 116.8 116.2 -0.3 -0.5 -0.5 0.1 -0.5

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.567 97.5 97.8 – 0.2 -1.5 1.7 0.3

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.525 108.0 103.2 -8.3 -0.3 -0.6 -1.5 -4.4

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.716 213.3 215.8 11.2 -2.3 -4.3 -2.2 1.2

Mineral products.................................. V 10.671 246.7 249.9 15.1 2.3 0.7 -0.3 1.3

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.492 97.7 94.7 -6.6 -1.7 -2.6 -7.2 -3.1

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 9.999 239.1 242.7 16.6 2.6 0.8 0.1 1.5

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 10.767 139.1 139.3 3.3 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.1

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.678 152.8 151.7 -3.4 0.0 -5.5 -3.2 -0.7

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.590 147.4 148.4 9.3 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.7

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 3.194 106.7 106.6 1.1 -0.8 0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Fertilizers (Dec. 2016=100).................... 31 0.262 122.9 127.9 22.3 -1.8 0.5 1.6 4.1

Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints

varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100). . .. 32 0.532 102.5 102.4 3.0 -0.3 0.2 -0.1 -0.1

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.809 130.9 130.9 -1.2 0.4 -0.2 0.1 0.0

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.492 119.9 119.8 -7.1 0.1 -0.2 0.5 -0.1

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 1.822 153.8 153.9 6.7 -0.1 0.8 0.0 0.1

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 5.210 145.4 145.4 5.4 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.0

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 4.321 141.9 141.8 5.8 0.4 0.4 -0.1 -0.1

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.889 159.5 159.4 3.7 0.4 -0.6 0.6 -0.1

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.671 104.4 102.9 2.1 0.2 -0.5 -2.0 -1.4

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 2.107 134.7 132.8 5.4 0.8 1.1 -0.4 -1.4

Woodpulp and recovered paper............... 47 0.663 144.5 138.8 3.8 2.2 2.7 -1.7 -3.9

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 1.108 129.9 129.6 6.0 -0.2 0.6 0.1 -0.2

Printed material (Dec. 2014=100)............. 49 0.336 108.1 107.9 6.3 0.8 -0.3 0.0 -0.2

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 1.698 126.1 126.1 5.3 -0.7 -1.0 1.1 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2017 to

September 2018 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Aug.

20181

Index Percent change

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Annual Monthly

Sept.

2017 to

Sept.

2018

May

2018 to

June

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.472 140.2 135.0 8.0 -2.6 -3.2 2.3 -3.7

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.802 124.0 124.2 0.7 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 0.2

Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

or mica (Dec. 2015=100).................... 68 0.269 102.1 102.6 1.3 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5

Glass and glassware............................ 70 0.409 99.2 99.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 3.955 232.0 230.4 -4.2 0.2 -1.5 -1.3 -0.7

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.886 160.2 159.9 1.8 0.5 -0.7 -2.3 -0.2

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.095 176.6 179.8 6.5 0.3 -0.1 -3.2 1.8

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.525 185.9 178.8 -5.3 4.2 -4.6 -5.2 -3.8

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.913 114.0 112.4 -2.9 -0.1 -2.7 -5.3 -1.4

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal (Dec. 2015=100). . . .. 82 0.314 100.0 100.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.343 153.0 153.0 3.2 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 27.525 97.7 97.7 1.6 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 15.782 115.1 115.2 1.2 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.1

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 11.743 78.9 78.9 2.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 14.272 135.4 135.6 1.8 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 8.269 116.3 116.4 0.9 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 5.952 109.6 109.5 2.5 0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.397 112.8 112.8 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.0

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi;......................... 94 0.819 130.0 130.0 1.4 0.1 1.1 0.0 0.0

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.416 87.6 87.6 -1.2 -0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: September 2017 to September

2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Aug.

20181

Index Percent change

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Annual Monthly

Sept.

2017 to

Sept.

2018

May

2018 to

June

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 125.7 125.8 4.4 -0.2 0.1 -0.2 0.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 9.561 169.2 176.3 28.3 -0.9 2.5 -0.6 4.2

Manufacturing................................ 89.932 121.6 121.3 2.3 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2

Canada.......................................... 100.000 136.7 137.7 9.5 0.2 -0.1 -0.6 0.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 25.356 161.8 168.9 29.1 -1.1 2.7 -0.5 4.4

Manufacturing................................ 73.802 133.6 132.9 3.6 0.7 -1.0 -0.5 -0.5

European Union............................... 100.000 137.2 136.9 2.2 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.2

Manufacturing................................ 98.982 133.7 133.5 2.2 -0.3 0.0 0.0 -0.1

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 128.6 128.4 2.4 -0.3 -0.1 0.0 -0.2

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 111.9 111.9 -2.8 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.0

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 121.6 121.5 2.7 0.3 -0.4 -0.4 -0.1

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 150.8 152.8 4.5 -0.5 0.1 -0.7 1.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 19.294 271.2 290.1 18.6 -1.4 0.8 -1.9 7.0

Manufacturing................................ 80.434 122.3 122.2 1.4 -0.2 -0.1 -0.4 -0.1

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 128.6 129.8 0.5 -0.2 -0.4 0.1 0.9

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 9.290 141.8 157.9 8.2 -1.9 2.2 1.1 11.4

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 90.457 88.2 88.1 -0.2 0.0 -0.6 -0.1 -0.1

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4

............... 100.000 99.1 99.0 0.6 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 100.3 100.2 0.4 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Japan............................................ 100.000 96.7 96.5 0.7 -0.1 0.2 0.0 -0.2

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 88.9 88.6 1.5 -0.2 -0.2 -0.4 -0.3

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 98.7 98.6 0.5 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 192.5 200.6 29.9 2.6 0.1 0.2 4.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: September 2017 to

September 2018

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Aug.

20181

Index Percent change

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Annual Monthly

Sept.

2017 to

Sept.

2018

May

2018 to

June

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 102.3 102.5 – -0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 6.475 98.9 100.7 – -2.2 2.7 0.5 1.8

Manufacturing................................ 92.306 102.6 102.7 – 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.1

Canada.......................................... 100.000 104.0 104.4 – 0.2 -0.1 0.2 0.4

European Union............................... 100.000 103.2 103.2 – -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 4.847 100.4 99.7 – 0.1 -3.3 0.4 -0.7

Manufacturing................................ 94.155 103.4 103.4 – -0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.0

Germany........................................ 100.000 101.2 100.8 – -0.4 -0.2 -0.4 -0.4

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 103.8 104.0 – 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 6.455 105.7 104.4 – 0.4 -2.8 2.3 -1.2

Manufacturing................................ 93.203 103.7 104.0 – 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.3

Mexico........................................... 100.000 102.8 102.7 – 0.3 0.1 0.1 -0.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 6.226 104.0 103.1 – 0.1 -2.3 1.5 -0.9

Manufacturing................................ 93.375 102.7 102.7 – 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0

Pacific Rim4

.................................... 100.000 100.3 99.6 – -0.3 -1.0 -0.5 -0.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 11.885 96.0 90.6 – -2.9 -7.1 0.2 -5.6

Manufacturing................................ 85.655 100.9 101.1 – 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 0.2

China............................................ 100.000 99.8 98.1 – -0.6 -2.2 -0.2 -1.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 18.579 95.3 89.2 – -2.2 -9.9 1.8 -6.4

Manufacturing................................ 76.943 100.8 100.5 – -0.3 -0.5 -0.2 -0.3

Japan............................................ 100.000 100.1 99.6 – -0.3 -1.2 -0.3 -0.5

Nonmanufacturing........................... 14.416 95.5 92.2 – -2.1 -7.4 -1.4 -3.5

Manufacturing................................ 84.662 100.9 101.0 – 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: September 2017 to September 20181

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Annual Monthly

Sept.

2017 to

Sept.

2018

May

2018 to

June

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 99.6 99.7 – 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.1

Canada.................................................. 100.0 99.6 – -0.1 0.1 0.8 -0.4

European Union...................................... 101.2 101.5 – 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.3

Germany................................................ 104.1 103.7 – -0.2 0.0 -0.4 -0.4

Latin America3

........................................ 102.5 101.3 – 0.7 0.1 0.8 -1.2

Mexico.................................................. 103.1 102.1 – 0.5 0.5 0.0 -1.0

Pacific Rim4

............................................ 99.6 99.0 – -0.3 -0.9 -0.3 -0.6

China................................................... . 99.6 98.0 – -0.6 -2.1 -0.1 -1.6

Japan.................................................... 98.9 98.6 – -0.2 -1.3 -0.3 -0.3

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: September

2017 to September 2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Aug.

20181

Index Percent change

Aug.

2018

Sept.

2018

Annual Monthly

Sept.

2017 to

Sept.

2018

May

2018 to

June

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 187.4 188.9 3.3 -1.1 -2.4 -0.4 0.8

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 23.848 147.3 145.7 -1.4 -3.5 -0.8 -0.3 -1.1

Asia.................................................. 63.898 181.1 184.3 5.0 -0.3 -3.3 -0.5 1.8

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 162.9 163.7 3.4 0.0 -0.1 -0.6 0.5

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 33.000 148.1 149.1 0.8 0.8 -0.4 -0.2 0.7

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 171.2 173.2 4.1 -0.2 -2.1 -0.3 1.2

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 25.685 135.7 135.6 -0.7 -2.2 -0.2 -0.7 -0.1

Asia.................................................. 59.164 162.2 165.5 3.8 0.5 -2.9 -0.2 2.0

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 148.7 144.8 4.2 -0.4 3.4 3.0 -2.6

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 31.946 148.1 149.1 3.7 0.2 -0.7 0.1 0.7

Asia.................................................. 45.793 152.7 142.4 6.5 -0.6 8.4 7.4 -6.7

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 163.5 181.0 5.7 7.3 -5.8 -8.8 10.7

Europe............................................... 39.902 175.8 211.5 9.6 7.9 -8.5 -12.2 20.3

Asia.................................................. 24.970 133.1 132.3 -2.1 12.6 -7.9 -8.0 -0.6

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 10.253 157.5 148.8 -2.6 4.6 2.3 -4.2 -5.5

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 155.6 151.2 2.4 5.0 1.6 -3.7 -2.8

Europe............................................... 28.173 189.4 198.5 -3.8 6.4 0.3 -11.1 4.8

Asia.................................................. 28.593 145.2 134.9 13.5 7.0 4.4 2.0 -7.1

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 23.916 162.1 153.2 -5.8 4.0 0.9 -1.5 -5.5

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

16
17 

TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
18 

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. 

Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.