Technical information:  (202) 691-6392   USDL 01-276
http://www.bls.gov/mlshome.htm
                                     
                                         For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Media contact:                691-5902   Wednesday, August 22, 2001
                                     
                                     
            EXTENDED MASS LAYOFFS IN THE SECOND QUARTER OF 2001


   In the second quarter of 2001, there were 1,911 mass layoff actions by
employers that resulted in the separation of 371,708 workers from their
jobs for more than 30 days, according to preliminary figures released by
the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics.  Both the total
number of layoff events and the number of separations were sharply higher
than April-June 2000.  For the entire first half of 2001, the number of
worker separations totaled 712,488, up from 513,254 during the same period
in 2000.  (See table A.)
   
   The completion of seasonal work accounted for 27 percent of all events
and resulted in 122,615 separations.  Permanent closure of worksites
occurred in 16 percent of all events and affected 78,452 workers, up from
43,948 workers in the second quarter of 2000.  Fewer than half of the
employers having layoffs in the second quarter indicated that they
anticipated having some type of recall, the smallest proportion since the
series began in 1995.
   
   The quarterly series on extended mass layoffs cover layoffs of at least
31-days duration that involve 50 or more individuals from a single establish-
ment filing initial claims for unemployment insurance during a consecutive
5-week period.  Data for the second quarter are preliminary and subject to
revision.  This release also includes revised data for previous quarters.
Data are not seasonally adjusted, but survey data suggest that there is a
seasonal pattern to layoffs.  Thus, comparisons between consecutive quarters
should not be used as an indicator of trend.  Additional information about
the program is provided in the technical note that follows the analysis.
   
Industry Distribution of Extended Layoffs
   
   Extended mass layoff separations occurred in 442 of the 1,005 detailed
industries for which data are available.  Although 38 percent of separations
occurred in manufacturing, another 20 percent were in five industries in the
service-producing sector--school busing (23,385), amusement and recreation
(17,755), eating places (13,195), help supply services (11,897), and tax
preparation services (8,583).
   
   Agriculture accounted for 7 percent of all layoff events and separations
in the private sector during April-June 2001.  Layoff activity was con-
centrated in agricultural services (primarily in farm labor contracting)
and in agricultural crop production (mainly in grapes and in vegetables
and melons) and was almost entirely due to the end of seasonal work.
(See table 1.)
   
   Forty-one percent of all layoff events and 38 percent of separations
occurred in manufacturing.  Among durable goods industries, extended
layoffs were most prevalent in electronic and other electrical equipment
(mostly in printed circuit boards and in semiconductors and related
devices) and in industrial machinery and equipment (primarily in electronic
computers and in refrigeration and heating equipment).  Within the
nondurable goods sector, layoffs were mostly in food and kindred products
(largely in canned fruits and vegetables) and in apparel and other textile
products (mostly in women's and misses' outerwear).

   Services accounted for 25 percent of private-sector layoff events and
separations, primarily in business services (largely in help supply) and
in amusement and recreational services (mainly in ski resorts).  Forty-six
percent of separations in services during the period were seasonal.  Layoffs
in transportation and public utilities accounted for 8 percent of the events
and 10 percent of the separations, mainly in local and interurban passenger
transit (mostly among school bus companies), occurring as the school year
ended.  Cutbacks in retail trade comprised 8 percent of the private-sector

                                  - 2 -

Table A.  Selected measures of mass layoff activity
------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Period             | Layoff events|  Separations |Initial claimants
------------------------|--------------|--------------|-----------------
     1997               |              |              |
January-March...........|     1,317    |    255,227   |     224,180
April-June..............|     1,587    |    351,198   |     292,673
July-September..........|     1,082    |    217,869   |     209,019
October-December........|     1,697    |    321,821   |     316,035
     1998               |              |              |
January-March...........|     1,320    |    208,082   |     247,315
April-June..............|     1,563    |    391,461   |     402,276
July-September..........|     1,234    |    248,054   |     256,803
October-December........|     1,734    |    379,976   |     325,990
     1999               |              |              |
January-March...........|     1,509    |    277,780   |     252,122
April-June..............|     1,444    |    294,968   |     242,464
July-September..........|     1,097    |    241,725   |     189,973
October-December........|     1,625    |    334,794   |     287,685
     2000               |              |              |
January-March(r)........|     1,330    |    254,646   |     221,368
April-June(r)...........|     1,271    |    258,608   |     231,471
July-September(r)...  ..|     1,014    |    230,072   |     188,641
October-December(r).....|     2,005    |    427,019   |     376,024
     2001               |              |              |
January-March(r)........|     1,768    |    340,780   |     335,877
April-June(p)...........|     1,911    |    371,708   |     268,809
-------------------------------------------------------------------                       
  p=preliminary.                       r=revised.
                        

layoff events and 10 percent of separations.  These layoffs were largely in
establishments that provide food services to schools.
   
   Layoffs in government establishments accounted for 4 percent of total
events and separations, primarily in educational services.
     
Reasons for Extended Layoff
     
   Twenty-seven percent of the events and 33 percent of the separations in
the second quarter were due to the completion of seasonal work.  (See table
2.)  These layoffs were most numerous among workers in amusement and
recreation services (ski resorts) and agricultural services (mostly farm
labor contractors and in crop preparation for market).  Layoffs due to
internal company restructuring (bankruptcy, business ownership change,
financial difficulty, and reorganization) accounted for 24 percent of
layoff events and 27 percent of separations, each the highest for any April-
June on record.  These layoffs were mostly among workers in the electronic
and other electrical equipment and in business services industries (other
than temporary help).

Size of Extended Layoff

   Layoff events during the second quarter continued to be concentrated at
the lower end of the layoff-size spectrum, with 60 percent involving fewer
than 150 workers.  These events, however, accounted for only 27 percent of
all separations.  (See table B.)  Separations involving 500 or more workers
accounted for 31 percent of all separations, about the same as a year
earlier (33 percent).  The average size of layoffs (as measured by
separations per layoff event) differed widely by industry, ranging from a
low of 81 separations in apparel and accessory stores to a high of 659 in
personal services (particularly in tax preparation).

Initial Claimant Characteristics

   A total of 268,809 initial claimants for unemployment insurance were
associated with mass layoffs in the second quarter of 2001.  Of these
claimants, 14 percent were black, 50 percent were women, 17 percent were
Hispanic, and 14 percent were 55 years of age or older.  (See table 3.)

                                  - 3 -

Table B.  Distribution of layoff events by size of layoff,
April-June 2001p
---------------------------------------------------------------------
                    |     Layoff events    |     Separations
        Size        |----------------------|-------------------------
                    |  Number  |  Percent  |  Number   |  Percent
--------------------|----------|-----------|-----------|-------------
 Total..............|   1,911  |   100.0   |  371,708  |   100.0
                    |          |           |           |
50-99...............|     750  |    39.2   |   51,640  |    13.9
100-149.............|     406  |    21.2   |   47,185  |    12.7
150-199.............|     214  |    11.2   |   35,425  |     9.5
200-299.............|     249  |    13.0   |   57,718  |    15.5
300-499.............|     177  |     9.3   |   65,303  |    17.6
500-999.............|      78  |     4.1   |   50,310  |    13.5
1,000 or more.......|      37  |     1.9   |   64,127  |    17.3
---------------------------------------------------------------------
  p=preliminary.


Forty-one percent of claimants were 30 to 44 years of age.  Among the
civilian labor force for the same period, 12 percent were black, 47 percent
were women, 11 percent were Hispanic, and 13 percent were 55 years of age
or older.  Thirty-eight percent of the civilian labor force were ages
30 to 44.

Geographic Distribution

   In the second quarter, the number of separations due to extended mass
layoff events was higher in the West (111,932) and Midwest (111,113) than
in the other two regions.  (See table 4.)  Contributing to extended mass
layoffs in the West and Midwest were amusements and recreation services,
agricultural services, electronic and other electrical equipment, and
transportation equipment.  The fewest number of worker separations was
reported in the Northeast region (65,971).
     
   All four regions reported over-the-year increases in separations, with
the largest increases occurring in the Midwest (+38,297) and West (+37,297),
mostly in electronic and other electrical equipment, transportation equipment,
and business services.  Eight of the nine geographic divisions experienced
over-the-year increases in laid-off workers, with the largest increases
occurring in the Pacific (largely in electronic and other electrical equipment
and in business services), followed by the East North Central and Middle
Atlantic divisions.  Separations declined in the West South Central division.
   
   Among the 50 states and the District of Columbia, the largest number of
worker separations occurred in California (71,910), followed by Illinois
(46,617) and Florida (24,293).  These three states accounted for 38 percent
of total layoff events and 39 percent of the separations during the second
quarter of 2001.  (See table 5.)  After excluding the substantial impact of
seasonal work, California still reported the most laid-off workers (48,279),
largely due to layoffs in business services.
   
   Over the year, the largest increases in laid-off workers occurred in
California (+23,803) and Illinois (+18,404).  The largest decreases
occurred in Arizona (-4,686) and Texas (-4,582).

Recall Expectations

   Forty-five percent of employers reporting a layoff in the second quarter
of 2001 indicated they anticipated some type of recall.  This compares with
61 percent of the employers anticipating a recall a year earlier and is the
lowest second-quarter proportion since the series began in April 1995.
(See table C.)  This relatively smaller proportion of employers reflects more
reports of reorganization within the company and financial difficulty as the
primary reasons for layoffs.  Most of the employers not expecting a recall
were in electronic and other electrical equipment manufacturing and in
business services.  Among establishments expecting a recall, most employers


                                  - 4 -

Table C.  Summary of employer expectations of a recall from layoff,
second quarter 2000-second quarter 2001
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
                         |            Percentage of events
                         |---------------------------------------------
   Nature of the recall  |   II    |  III   |   IV   |    I    |   II
                         |  2000r  |  2000  |  2000  |  2001r  |  2001p
-------------------------|---------|--------|--------|---------|-------
Anticipate a recall......|  60.7   |  51.9  |  67.0  |  46.0   |  45.1
                         |         |        |        |         |
       Timeframe         |         |        |        |         |
                         |         |        |        |         |
Within 6 months..........|  88.7   |  82.1  |  82.5  |  79.1   |  83.4
 Within 3 months.........|  56.3   |  52.7  |  37.9  |  53.4   |  51.2
                         |         |        |        |         |
         Size            |         |        |        |         |
                         |         |        |        |         |
At least half............|  92.3   |  87.3  |  88.3  |  81.1   |  88.6
 All workers.............|  52.8   |  53.8  |  47.5  |  35.2   |  41.8
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
   p = preliminary.                      r=revised.


expected to recall over one-half of the separated employees and to do so
within 6 months.
   
   Excluding layoff events due to seasonal work and vacation period (in
which 95 percent of the employers expected a recall), employers expected to
recall laid-off workers in 23 percent of the events.  In layoff events due
to internal company restructuring, employers anticipated a recall in only
6 percent of the events.
Technical Note
  
  The  Mass  Layoff  Statistics (MLS) program is  a  federal-state  program
which  uses  a standardized, automated approach to identifying, describing,
and  tracking  the  effects of major job cutbacks,  using  data  from  each
state's  unemployment  insurance database.  Establishments  which  have  at
least  50  initial  claims filed against them during a  consecutive  5-week
period  are  contacted  by  the state agency  to  determine  whether  these
separations  are of at least 31 days duration, and, if so,  information  is
obtained on the total number of persons separated and the reasons for these
separations.    Establishments  are  identified   according   to   industry
classification  and  location,  and unemployment  insurance  claimants  are
identified by such demographic factors as age, race, sex, ethnic group, and
place  of  residence.  The program yields information  on  an  individual's
entire  spell  of  unemployment,  to the point  when  regular  unemployment
insurance benefits are exhausted.

  The  MLS  program  was resumed in April 1995; it had been  terminated  in
November  1992 due to lack of funding.  However, due to changes in concepts
and  definitions,  data  from the resumed program  are  not  comparable  to
earlier data.

  Information   in   this   release  will  be  made  available  to  sensory
impaired  individuals upon request.  Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message
referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339.

Definitions

  Establishment.   A  unit  at   a  single   physical  location   at  which
predominantly one type of economic activity is conducted.

  Extended layoff event.  Fifty  or  more  initial  claims for unemployment
insurance  benefits from an establishment during a 5-week period,  with  at
least 50 workers separated for more than 30 days.

  Initial  claimant.  A person  who  files  any  notice of unemployment  to
initiate  a  request  either  for a determination  of  entitlement  to  and
eligibility  for  compensation, or for a subsequent period of  unemployment
within a benefit year or period of eligibility.

  Layoff. The separation of persons  from  an  employer  as part of a  mass
layoff  event.  (See below.) Such layoffs involve both persons  subject  to
recall and those who are terminated by the establishment.

                                  - 2 -

  Mass layoff.  Fifty or more  initial  claims for  unemployment  insurance
benefits  from  an establishment beginning in a given month, regardless  of
duration.

  Worksite  closure.  The  full  closure  of  either multi-unit or  single-
unit  establishments  or the partial closure of a multi-unit  establishment
where  entire  worksites affected by layoffs are closed or  planned  to  be
closed.


Table 1. Industry distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment
insurance, selected quarters, 2000 and 2001
                                                                                                                               
                                                             Layoff events           Separations            Initial claimants for
                                                                                                            unemployment insurance
                         Industry			  

                                                            II     I    II      II        I       II        II        I       II
                                                           2000r 2001r 2001p   2000r    2001r    2001p     2000r    2001r    2001p     

         Total( 1 ) ....................................   1,271 1,768 1,911  258,608  340,780  371,708   231,471  335,877  268,809     

 Total, private ........................................   1,210 1,742 1,832  239,445  335,697  357,793   213,062  331,068  259,776     

   Agriculture  ........................................     146   193   125   32,615   33,547   25,453    25,133   28,736   15,951     
   Nonagriculture ......................................   1,056 1,545 1,699  205,653  300,299  331,583   186,962  301,049  242,996     
      Manufacturing  ...................................     339   801   745   60,422  150,545  136,061    59,284  163,353  114,757     
         Durable goods  ................................     179   520   508   34,027   98,768   98,224    30,178  111,798   84,273     
            Lumber and wood products ...................      14    31    17    2,476    4,063    2,301     1,820    4,085    1,964     
            Furniture and fixtures .....................       7    38    24    1,014    5,127    3,657       697    5,189    3,199     
            Stone, clay, and glass products ............       7    15    15      901    1,648    1,986       886    1,629    1,616     
            Primary metal industries ...................      16    58    44    2,141   12,781    8,142     1,856   12,554    7,710     
            Fabricated metal products ..................      25    64    58    4,423    9,259    6,513     4,027    9,671    6,712     
            Industrial machinery and equipment .........      33    72    87    8,140   10,643   17,893     5,047   11,385   13,574     
            Electronic and other electrical equipment ..      19   118   177    3,111   25,772   39,381     3,134   31,617   31,331     
            Transportation equipment ...................      44    85    66    9,835   22,999   15,996    10,775   30,751   16,368     
            Instruments and related products ...........       5    18    13      571    3,035    1,475       591    2,662    1,246     
            Miscellaneous manufacturing industries .....       9    21     7    1,415    3,441      880     1,345    2,255      553     

         Nondurable goods  .............................     160   281   237   26,395   51,777   37,837    29,106   51,555   30,484     
            Food and kindred products ..................      60    93    67   10,167   17,379   11,598    11,033   18,063    9,971     
            Tobacco products ...........................   ( 2 )     7 ( 2 )    ( 2 )    2,815    ( 2 )     ( 2 )    1,880    ( 2 )
            Textile mill products ......................       7    34    21    1,370    7,833    4,146     3,668    7,717    3,241     
            Apparel and other textile products .........      40    37    53    5,755    5,686    7,254     6,324    6,771    6,044     
            Paper and allied products ..................      13    21    17    2,036    4,514    3,126     1,280    4,447    2,147     
            Printing and publishing ....................      14    27    24    2,157    4,153    3,937     1,923    4,174    3,166     
            Chemicals and allied products ..............       5    14    12      509    1,831    1,648       744    1,606    1,325     
            Petroleum and coal products ................   ( 2 )     3 ( 2 )    ( 2 )      625    ( 2 )     ( 2 )      408    ( 2 )
            Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products .      15    41    35    3,870    6,320    4,738     3,504    6,022    3,799     
            Leather and leather products ...............   ( 2 )     4 ( 2 )    ( 2 )      621    ( 2 )     ( 2 )      467    ( 2 )

      Nonmanufacturing  ................................     717   744   954  145,231  149,754  195,522   127,678  137,696  128,239     
         Mining  .......................................       4    11     5      556    2,617    1,824       377    2,255    1,962     
         Construction ..................................      68   145    82   12,629   21,244   11,407    13,062   21,538    9,467     
         Transportation and public utilities ...........     112    92   141   23,057   17,016   36,546    20,700   13,924   25,164     
         Wholesale and retail trade ....................     148   204   219   36,821   56,451   46,089    29,664   45,061   30,905     
            Wholesale trade  ...........................      38    46    64    7,203   11,375   10,303     5,087    6,486    7,007     
            Retail trade  ..............................     110   158   155   29,618   45,076   35,786    24,577   38,575   23,898     
         Finance, insurance, and real estate ...........      43    29    46    6,447    4,907    8,890     6,499    4,510    5,701     
         Services ......................................     342   263   461   65,721   47,519   90,766    57,376   50,408   55,040     

   Not identified  .....................................       8     4     8    1,177    1,851      757       967    1,283      829     

 Government ............................................      61    26    79   19,163    5,083   13,915    18,409    4,809    9,033     
         Federal .......................................      13    16    11    5,161    3,195    1,987     6,797    2,741    1,941     
         State .........................................       7     4    12    1,425      871    2,065     1,451      890    1,261     
         Local .........................................      41     6    56   12,577    1,017    9,863    10,161    1,178    5,831     


   1 For the second quarter 2001, data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia.   
   2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
   p = preliminary.
   r = revised.
Table 2. Reason for separation: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment 
insurance, selected quarters, 2000 and 2001


                                       Layoff events                 Separations               Initial claimants for                                                                           
                                                                                               unemployment insurance
           Reason for separation                                                               
                                      II      I      II         II         I       II          II        I       II
                                     2000r  2001r   2001p      2000r     2001r    2001p       2000r    2001r    2001p     


    Total, all reasons( 1 ) .......  1,271  1,768   1,911     258,608   340,780  371,708     231,471  335,877  268,809      

 Automation .......................  ( 2 )      5   ( 2 )       ( 2 )       799    ( 2 )       ( 2 )      777    ( 2 )
 Bankruptcy .......................     43     76      75      12,911    28,231   18,413       5,442   15,728   10,092      
 Business ownership change ........     36     47      45       8,077    11,927   12,032       4,172   11,520    8,006      
 Contract cancellation ............     20     42      32       2,764     7,484    6,011       3,020    6,115    3,961      
 Contract completed ...............    128    210     143      32,039    39,630   24,113      29,617   44,474   18,712      
 Domestic relocation ..............     21     17      32       3,280     2,218    6,205       6,067    2,350    3,695      
 Energy-related ...................      -      7       6           -     3,208    1,015           -    1,338      773      
 Environment-related ..............  ( 2 )  ( 2 )   ( 2 )       ( 2 )     ( 2 )    ( 2 )       ( 2 )    ( 2 )    ( 2 )
 Financial difficulty .............     75    138     162      13,997    30,505   34,209      11,624   31,153   23,581      
 Import competition ...............     13     30      33       2,564     6,847    6,914       2,108    5,915    6,281      
 Labor dispute ....................      8  ( 2 )      12       2,442     ( 2 )    3,503       1,507    ( 2 )    2,151      
 Material shortage ................  ( 2 )      4       5       ( 2 )       297      602       ( 2 )      523      543      

 Model changeover .................      3      4       9         476       490    3,059         337    2,979    3,025      
 Overseas relocation ..............      9     19      15         991     2,565    3,916       1,108    1,783    2,661      
 Plant or machine repair ..........      7      7       7       1,416     1,165    1,084       1,474    1,303      797      
 Product line discontinued ........      9     15       6       1,021     3,780    3,271         937    4,445    1,609      
 Reorganization within company ....     89    187     173      19,392    38,711   34,023      18,948   35,306   25,056      
 Seasonal work ....................    540    424     519     113,493    76,302  122,615      93,287   69,792   72,888      
 Slack work .......................    104    366     361      13,388    56,163   50,824      21,681   70,305   49,408      
 Vacation period ..................     63      -      64       9,698         -   11,294       8,060        -    8,537      
 Weather-related ..................  ( 2 )     19   ( 2 )       ( 2 )     1,541    ( 2 )       ( 2 )    2,031    ( 2 )
 Other ............................     36     72     115       6,224    16,315   17,858       8,318   15,384   16,443      
 Not reported .....................     62     75      91      13,006    11,977    9,853      13,085   12,181    9,616      


1 See footnote 1, table 1.                                                  
2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
p = preliminary.
r = revised.          
NOTE:  Dash represents zero.
Table 3. State and selected claimant characteristics: Extended mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment
insurance, first and second quarters 2001

                                                                                                 Percent of total
                                                 Total
                           Layoff events        initial                             Hispanic                            
                                               claimants            Black            origin            Women       Persons age 55
                                                                                                                       and over 
          State
                             I      II          I      II         I      II        I      II         I      II        I      II
                           2001r   2001p      2001r   2001p     2001r   2001p    2001r   2001p     2001r   2001p    2001r   2001p 

     Total( 1 ) ........   1,768   1,911    335,877  268,809     14.4    14.5     20.5    16.8      40.2    50.0     11.5    14.0     

 Alabama ...............      20      22      3,133    2,525     22.0    53.5       .9     2.1      35.3    67.0     11.2    14.6     
 Alaska ................   ( 2 )       -      ( 2 )        -      1.1       -      1.1       -      12.4       -     12.4       -
 Arizona ...............      32      17      6,759    3,703      3.0     1.0     56.7    87.4      36.8    32.1     13.1     9.9     
 Arkansas ..............       8       8      1,261      560     38.3    41.1       .5      .2      41.9    73.0     10.8    13.2     
 California ............     446     434     73,449   50,848      5.4     5.9     52.3    43.0      43.2    48.5     10.3    11.6     
 Colorado ..............      16      22      1,829    2,545      8.6     4.1     17.5    16.5      50.5    54.5     13.4    10.6     
 Connecticut ...........      11      19      1,723    2,046     15.1    18.6     13.5     7.1      56.8    63.1     13.3    14.4     
 Delaware ..............       -       -          -        -        -       -        -       -         -       -        -       -
 District of Columbia ..       7   ( 2 )      1,186    ( 2 )     31.6    37.0      3.0     1.1      53.8    73.3      7.8    11.0     
 Florida ...............     119     128     23,820   11,995     22.8    23.7     22.3    30.4      43.2    53.1     15.4    17.3     
 Georgia ...............      14      15      1,623    2,017     46.8    54.7      1.5      .4      48.2    65.2      9.9    13.5     
 Hawaii ................       6       -        590        -       .8       -       .7       -      22.9       -     20.5      -
 Idaho .................      11       5      1,267      534       .3     1.7      6.6     6.6      28.2    32.2     13.7    15.4     

 Illinois ..............     138     159     23,473   28,169     23.3    20.1     12.4     8.8      42.7    50.0     10.1    13.3     
 Indiana ...............      42      44      8,450    7,084     10.6    15.5      3.5     4.0      42.1    53.7     11.9    12.6     
 Iowa ..................      17      19      2,841    2,994       .4     2.0       .7      .9      53.7    47.4     14.1    12.2     
 Kansas ................      11      11      4,199    1,596     10.6    10.7     23.7     2.6      28.5    49.1     13.5    10.8     
 Kentucky ..............      18      17      3,037    2,566      8.7     5.1       .1      .5      39.3    47.5     10.0    13.5     
 Louisiana .............      12       6      1,349      410     56.0    69.0      1.0     1.0      39.3    88.3      9.7    22.9     
 Maine .................       7      12      1,028    1,576      1.1      .4      1.4      .2      51.9    43.3     18.2     9.1     
 Maryland ..............       4      11        984      997     34.1    48.0      1.9      .5      47.5    50.1     23.6    25.3     
 Massachusetts .........      30      78      4,631    9,995      8.2     7.8      4.0     3.8      44.2    56.4     12.0    15.7     
 Michigan ..............     101     101     24,546   13,626     28.2    15.3      3.3     5.0      32.6    44.1     10.3    11.8     
 Minnesota .............      34      47      7,211    6,032      2.2     3.1       .9     1.8      35.1    44.2     11.8    13.7     
 Mississippi ...........      18      17      2,431    1,441     65.2    67.8       .9      .8      49.1    62.2      6.9     7.9     
 Missouri ..............      10      35        864    7,191     15.2    17.9       .5     1.2      50.1    44.8     20.9    13.7     

 Montana ...............       4       9        321    1,216       .9      .5      4.7      .2      16.5    47.4     10.3    12.7     
 Nebraska ..............   ( 2 )   ( 2 )      ( 2 )    ( 2 )     17.6     4.7        -      .8      21.0    33.3     18.5     6.2     
 Nevada ................       6       5        921      433      9.9    33.9     15.5    12.5      54.7    67.7     19.4    11.5     
 New Hampshire .........       5       4        738      343       .7     1.5       .9     2.6      45.7    64.7     16.9    18.7     
 New Jersey ............      25      64      4,022   12,179     22.4    18.3     19.4    18.0      46.0    70.8     16.2    27.2     
 New Mexico ............       4       9        475    1,007      2.1     1.7     64.0    50.8      39.8    52.8     18.9    14.3     
 New York ..............      47      63      6,031    7,568      8.3    14.5      9.1     8.9      35.5    52.5     10.5    12.1     
 North Carolina ........      39      59      6,964    8,349     50.8    32.6      4.9     2.5      53.3    47.4     15.4    11.8     
 North Dakota ..........       -       7          -      609        -       -        -     2.1         -    61.4        -    16.6     
 Ohio ..................      99      57     15,735    8,231     10.7    12.9      1.9     1.8      27.0    33.2     11.3    13.0     
 Oklahoma ..............       7      17      1,019    4,533     10.4    12.4      1.6     7.8      50.3    19.5     12.2    17.3     
 Oregon ................      57      38     11,169    4,827      3.9     2.7     16.3     7.4      37.5    44.9     12.3    13.5     
 Pennsylvania ..........      86      64     26,637   18,866      7.8     7.1      2.2     1.6      37.2    47.8     13.9    18.7     

 Rhode Island ..........       5      14        877    2,229      2.6     2.9      6.6    12.3      61.1    75.2     18.7    20.0     
 South Carolina ........       7      16      3,294    1,709     39.9    65.8       .4      .1      49.7    71.8      1.3     2.0     
 South Dakota ..........   ( 2 )       5      ( 2 )      605      1.8       -      2.2       -      56.0    70.4      8.7    22.0     
 Tennessee .............      16      25      2,090    1,952     13.7    31.1        -       -      54.3    48.3     15.9    13.3     
 Texas .................     102      92     30,137   15,632     17.2    16.5     29.7    35.2      37.6    50.2      9.5     9.2     
 Utah ..................      14      10      2,574      793      1.6     1.3     11.0     6.3      45.5    57.5      7.3     6.8     
 Vermont ...............   ( 2 )       9      ( 2 )    1,102        -      .5        -      .4      54.5    49.2      6.9    13.7     
 Virginia ..............      23      25      5,331    3,379     34.5    49.5       .9     1.0      47.0    57.0     10.5    17.2     
 Washington ............      36      43      5,798    5,395      3.7     4.0     12.3    15.1      33.4    42.9      9.2    14.0     
 West Virginia .........       3       -        401        -        -       -        -       -      52.4       -     18.5       -
 Wisconsin .............      45      45      8,994    7,000      5.9    12.9      2.7     1.6      39.0    54.8     11.7    16.0     
 Wyoming ...............   ( 2 )       -      ( 2 )        -      1.3       -     32.9       -      22.8       -     13.9       -

 Puerto Rico ...........      21      24      3,425    5,300    ( 3 )   ( 3 )    ( 3 )   ( 3 )      56.2    52.8      8.0     7.0     


     1 See footnote 1, table 1.                                                                     
     2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.                                    
     3 Data are not available.                                                                       
     p = preliminary.
     r = revised
     NOTE:  Dash represents zero.                                                                    
Table 4. Census region and division: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment
insurance, selected quarters, 2000 and 2001



                                                                                                      Initial claimants for
                                    Layoff events                     Separations                     unemployment insurance
 Census region and division

                                II         I       II           II          I         II            II          I          II
                               2000r     2001r    2001p        2000r      2001r      2001p         2000r      2001r       2001p     

       United States( 1 )...   1,271     1,768    1,911       258,608    340,780    371,708       231,471    335,877     268,809     

 Northeast .................     237       217      327        40,827     34,574     65,971        47,350     45,788      55,904     

     New England ...........      75        59      136        17,461     11,372     27,386        11,828      9,098      17,291     
     Middle Atlantic .......     162       158      191        23,366     23,202     38,585        35,522     36,690      38,613     

 South .....................     341       417      461        70,222     91,036     82,692        61,442     88,060      58,338     

     South Atlantic ........     144       216      257        35,797     44,339     47,876        24,970     43,603      28,719     
     East South Central ....      64        72       81        11,717     12,847     12,796         9,765     10,691       8,484     
     West South Central ....     133       129      123        22,708     33,850     22,020        26,707     33,766      21,135     

 Midwest ...................     343       500      531        72,816     95,424    111,113        59,964     96,709      83,266     

     East North Central ....     294       425      406        62,985     80,192     90,844        51,699     81,198      64,110     
     West North Central ....      49        75      125         9,831     15,232     20,269         8,265     15,511      19,156     

 West ......................     350       634      592        74,743    119,746    111,932        62,715    105,320      71,301     

     Mountain ..............      78        88       77        19,406     18,390     24,357        10,589     14,225      10,231     
     Pacific ...............     272       546      515        55,337    101,356     87,575        52,126     91,095      61,070     


      1 See footnote 1, table 1.
      p = preliminary.
      r = revised.
      NOTE:  The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the 
 census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, 
 New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, 
 and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,
 Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South 
 Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, 
 Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, 
 and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North
 Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New 
 Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
Table 5. State distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance,
selected quarters, 2000 and 2001

                                                                                                       Initial claimants for
                                      Layoff events                     Separations                    unemployment insurance
                                                                                                       
            State
                                II         I        II           II          I         II            II          I         II
                               2000r     2001r     2001p        2000r      2001r      2001p         2000r      2001r      2001p 

     Total( 1 ) ............   1,271     1,768     1,911       258,608    340,780    371,708       231,471    335,877    268,809     

 Alabama ...................      22        20        22         2,764      3,974      3,044         2,700      3,133      2,525     
 Alaska ....................       5     ( 2 )         -         1,029      ( 2 )          -           848      ( 2 )          -
 Arizona ...................      38        32        17         8,221      7,899      3,535         6,591      6,759      3,703     
 Arkansas ..................       9         8         8         1,308      2,168        929         1,132      1,261        560     
 California ................     233       446       434        49,107     79,600     72,910        46,441     73,449     50,848     
 Colorado ..................      11        16        22         5,604      2,422     13,356         1,277      1,829      2,545     
 Connecticut ...............      12        11        19         3,591      2,473      6,669         1,611      1,723      2,046     
 Delaware ..................       -         -         -             -          -          -             -          -          -
 District of Columbia ......       -         7     ( 2 )             -      1,186      ( 2 )             -      1,186      ( 2 )
 Florida ...................      88       119       128        15,468     22,383     24,293        14,926     23,820     11,995     
 Georgia ...................       4        14        15         5,473      2,279      3,517           947      1,623      2,017     
 Hawaii ....................       5         6        -            465        570         -            465        590         -
 Idaho .....................       8        11         5           890      1,593        602           700      1,267        534     

 Illinois ..................     101       138       159        28,213     30,401     46,617        19,132     23,473     28,169     
 Indiana ...................      18        42        44         4,614      8,167     12,791         2,549      8,450      7,084     
 Iowa ......................       4        17        19         1,430      2,390      4,071         1,430      2,841      2,994     
 Kansas ....................       8        11        11         1,551      3,680      1,885         1,005      4,199      1,596     
 Kentucky ..................      14        18        17         3,739      2,187      4,411         1,656      3,037      2,566     
 Louisiana .................       5        12         6           724      1,320        454           604      1,349        410     
 Maine .....................       7         7        12         1,845      1,796      2,118           655      1,028      1,576     
 Maryland ..................   ( 2 )         4        11         ( 2 )      3,161      1,524         ( 2 )        984        997     
 Massachusetts .............      42        30        78         9,939      4,707     13,930         8,020      4,631      9,995     
 Michigan ..................      69       101       101        12,437     16,980     13,830        13,492     24,546     13,626     
 Minnesota .................      19        34        47         3,493      7,172      6,215         3,166      7,211      6,032     
 Mississippi ...............       6        18        17           948      3,514      1,917           659      2,431      1,441     
 Missouri ..................      15        10        35         3,118      1,708      6,678         2,261        864      7,191     

 Montana ...................       5         4         9           396        252      1,700           412        321      1,216     
 Nebraska ..................   ( 2 )     ( 2 )     ( 2 )         ( 2 )      ( 2 )      ( 2 )         ( 2 )      ( 2 )      ( 2 )
 Nevada ....................       3         6         5           377      1,859        589           333        921        433     
 New Hampshire .............       5         5         4         1,060      1,231        615           401        738        343     
 New Jersey ................      68        25        64         7,983      3,604     14,153        11,349      4,022     12,179     
 New Mexico ................       8         4         9         1,998        516      2,492           895        475      1,007     
 New York ..................      33        47        63         4,569      6,423     12,410         6,989      6,031      7,568     
 North Carolina ............      22        39        59         9,732      8,958     11,555         2,557      6,964      8,349     
 North Dakota ..............       -         -         7             -          -        609             -          -        609     
 Ohio ......................      68        99        57        12,593     16,035      9,618        11,366     15,735      8,231     
 Oklahoma ..................       3         7        17           462      1,147      5,005           462      1,019      4,533     
 Oregon ....................       9        57        38         1,086     11,169      4,827         1,086     11,169      4,827     
 Pennsylvania ..............      61        86        64        10,814     13,175     12,022        17,184     26,637     18,866     

 Rhode Island ..............   ( 2 )         5        14         ( 2 )        965      2,952         ( 2 )        877      2,229     
 South Carolina ............      15         7        16         2,454      1,074      1,347         4,918      3,294      1,709     
 South Dakota ..............   ( 2 )     ( 2 )         5         ( 2 )      ( 2 )        591         ( 2 )      ( 2 )        605     
 Tennessee .................      22        16        25         4,266      3,172      3,424         4,750      2,090      1,952     
 Texas .....................     116       102        92        20,214     29,215     15,632        24,509     30,137     15,632     
 Utah ......................       5        14        10         1,920      3,770      2,083           381      2,574        793     
 Vermont ...................       8     ( 2 )         9           956      ( 2 )      1,102         1,071      ( 2 )      1,102     
 Virginia ..................      14        23        25         2,541      4,897      5,367         1,493      5,331      3,379     
 Washington ................      20        36        43         3,650      9,928      9,838         3,286      5,798      5,395     
 West Virginia .............       -         3         -             -        401          -             -        401          -
 Wisconsin .................      38        45        45         5,128      8,609      7,988         5,160      8,994      7,000     
 Wyoming ...................      -      ( 2 )         -             -      ( 2 )          -             -      ( 2 )          -

 Puerto Rico ...............      11        21        24         2,480      2,791      5,042         1,942      3,425      5,300     


   1 See footnote 1, table 1.
   2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.     
   p = preliminary.
   r = revised.    
   NOTE:  Dash represents zero.