U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – SEPTEMBER 2020 

Prices for U.S. imports increased 0.3 percent in September, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 

today, following advances of 1.0 percent in August, 1.2 percent in July, and 1.3 percent in June. In 

September, rising prices for nonfuel imports more than offset lower fuel prices. U.S. export prices increased 

0.6 percent in September, after advancing 0.5 percent the previous month. 

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: September 2019 – September 2020

Imports 

U.S. import prices rose 0.3 percent in September, after increasing 4.2 percent from April to August. Despite 

the recent increases, overall import prices declined 1.1 percent for the year ended in September. The price 

index for U.S. imports has not increased on a 12-month basis since January 2020. (See table 1.) 

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on September 2020 Import and Export Price Index Data

The Bureau of Labor Statistics did not make changes to either the collection method or estimation 

methodology for the September release of U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes. Survey response rates for 

September were 5.6-percentage points lower than those in September 2019. A small number of indexes that 

are normally published were not published in September. Additional information is available at 

www.bls.gov/covid19/import-export-price-indexes-covid19-impacts-september-2020.htm. 

0.1

-0.4

0.2

0.2 0.2

-0.7

-2.4 -2.6

0.7

1.3 1.2 1.0

0.3

-2.1

-3.0

-1.2

0.5 0.5

-1.3

-4.2

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-2.9

-1.4 -1.1

-8.0

-7.0

-6.0

-5.0

-4.0

-3.0

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

Sep'19 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep'20

1-month percent change 12-month percent change

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until 

8:30 a.m. (ET) Thursday, October 15, 2020 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

USDL-20-1928
2

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices fell 2.9 percent in September following a 3.9-percent increase in August. 

The September decline was the first 1-month drop since April and was led by lower petroleum prices, which 

more than offset rising natural gas prices. In September, import petroleum prices also decreased for the first 

time since April, falling 4.2 percent. In contrast, natural gas prices advanced 26.2 percent in September, 

after increasing 12.9 percent the previous month. The September rise was the largest increase since the 

index advanced 44.3 percent in November 2019. Prices for import fuel decreased 25.2 percent from 

September 2019 to September 2020, as a 28.1-percent drop in petroleum prices more than offset a 94.8- 

percent rise in natural gas prices. 

 

All Imports Excluding Fuel: The price index for nonfuel imports advanced 0.6 percent in September 

following a 0.7-percent rise in August. The September increase was primarily driven by higher prices for 

nonfuel industrial supplies and materials. Rising prices for foods, feeds, and beverages; automotive vehicles; 

consumer goods; and capital goods also contributed to the September advance in nonfuel import prices. 

Prices for nonfuel imports increased 1.5 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year rise since 

a 1.5-percent advance in June 2018. 

 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials advanced 2.9 

percent in September, led by higher prices for selected building materials and unfinished metals. 

Finished Goods: Prices for each of the major finished goods categories increased in September. Automotive 

vehicles prices advanced 0.2 percent, driven by a 0.3-percent rise in parts, engines, bodies, and chassis 

prices. Prices for consumer goods and capital goods each ticked up 0.1 percent in September. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Foods, feeds, and beverages prices rose 0.8 percent in September, after 

increasing 0.5 percent the previous month. In September, rising prices for fruit, vegetables, and food oils 

more than offset lower meat prices. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories 
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Export Price Index: September 2019 – September 2020 

Exports 

Prices for U.S. exports rose 0.6 percent in September, after advancing 3.3 percent from April to August. In 

September, higher prices for both agricultural and nonagricultural exports contributed to the overall rise. 

Despite the recent upward trend, prices for U.S. exports fell 1.8 percent over the past year. (See table 2.) 

Agricultural Exports: Agricultural export prices rose 2.7 percent in September following a 2.3-percent 

decrease the previous month. The September increase was the largest 1-month advance since the index rose 

3.8 percent in December 2018. Higher prices for soybeans, corn, fruit, cotton, wheat, nuts, and meat more 

than offset lower prices for dairy products and eggs. Prices for agricultural exports increased 1.3 percent for 

the year ended in September, the first 12-month advance for the index since a 3.1-percent rise from January 

2019 to January 2020. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: The price index for nonagricultural exports advanced 0.3 percent in 

September, after rising 0.8 percent in August, 0.9 percent in July, and 1.7 percent in June. The September 

increase was led by higher prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials; consumer goods; 

capital goods; and nonagricultural foods. Even with the recent increases, nonagricultural export prices 

decreased 2.2 percent for the year ended in September. The 12-month decline in prices for nonagricultural 

exports was driven by a 7.1-percent drop in nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 

advanced 0.6 percent in September and have not declined on a monthly basis since April. In September, 

higher prices for chemicals, nonferrous metals, and steelmaking materials more than offset falling fuel 

prices. 

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mostly up in September. Consumer goods prices rose 0.6 

percent following increases of 0.4 percent in August and 0.3 percent in July. The September advance was 

the largest monthly rise since the index increased 1.2 percent in June 2011. Prices for capital goods ticked 

up 0.1 percent in September and the price index for automotive vehicles was unchanged. 

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0.0 0.1 -0.2

0.6

-1.2

-1.4

-3.5

0.0

1.8

1.0

0.5 0.6

-1.7

-2.2

-1.3 -0.9

0.4

-1.4

-3.5

-7.0

-6.7

-4.5

-3.7

-2.7

-1.8

-8.0

-7.0

-6.0

-5.0

-4.0

-3.0

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

Sep'19 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep'20

1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality 

Imports by Locality of Origin: Prices for imports from China were unchanged in September following a 

0.1-percent increase in August and a 0.2-percent advance in July. Import prices from China last declined on 

a monthly basis in May and were unchanged over the past 12 months. The price index for imports from 

Japan rose 0.2 percent in September, after ticking up 0.1 percent the previous month. Prices for imports 

from Japan also increased 0.2 percent for the year ended in September. Import prices from the European 

Union advanced 0.9 percent in September following rises of 0.4 percent in August, 0.7 percent in July, and 

0.4 percent in June. The September increase was the largest 1-month advance since the index rose 1.6 

percent in January 2013. The price index for imports from Canada increased 1.2 percent in September, after 

advancing 26.1 percent from April to August. Prices for imports from Mexico ticked up 0.1 percent in 

September following a 1.0-percent rise in August. (See table 7.) 

Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China edged down 0.1 percent in September, 

after advancing 6.4 percent from April to August. The price index for exports to China increased 0.4 percent 

for the year ended in September. Export prices to Japan advanced 0.9 percent in September following 

increases of 0.5 percent in August, 0.9 percent in July, and 4.4 percent in June. Prices for exports to Japan 

fell 1.0 percent from September 2019 to September 2020. The price index for exports to the European 

Union rose 0.5 percent for the second consecutive month in September, and has not recorded a 1-month 

decrease since May. Export prices to Canada and Mexico also increased in September, rising 0.6 percent 

and 0.4 percent, respectively. (See table 8.) 

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 

the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade with China edged 

down 0.1 percent in September, the first monthly decline since the index fell 2.6 percent in April. In 

contrast, the index for U.S. terms of trade with China rose 0.4 percent over the past year. The U.S. terms of 

trade with Japan increased 0.7 percent in September following a 0.4-percent advance the previous month. In 

September, higher export prices to Japan more than offset rising import prices from Japan. The index for 

U.S. terms of trade with the European Union decreased 0.4 percent in September, after ticking up 0.1 

percent in August. The U.S. terms of trade with Canada declined 0.6 percent in September, and the U.S. 

terms of trade with Mexico advanced 0.3 percent. (See table 9.) 

Import and Export Services 

Imports: Import air passenger fares advanced 4.4 percent in September following a 0.1-percent rise in 

August and a 4.0-percent decline in July. Higher European and Asian fares led the September increase in 

overall import air passenger fares. Despite the recent advances, the index for import air passenger fares 

decreased 12.8 percent for the year ended in September. Import air freight prices fell 0.9 percent in 

September, after rising 2.2 percent the previous month. Large increases in May and April drove import air 

freight prices up 55.6 percent over the past 12 months. (See table 10.) 

Exports: Export air passenger fares advanced 5.9 percent in September, after rising 3.1 percent in August. 

In September, the increase was led by a 16.9-percent advance in Asian fares. Export air passenger fares rose 

5.3 percent from September 2019 to September 2020, the largest 12-month advance since increasing 8.7 

percent in June 2012. Prices for export air freight rose 0.8 percent in September following a 1.1-percent 

increase the previous month. Export air freight prices also advanced over the past year, rising 5.6 percent, 

the largest over-the-year increase since the index advanced 9.9 percent in November 2017. 

 

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for October are scheduled for release on Tuesday, November 17, 

2020 at 8:30 a.m. (ET). 
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2019 to

September 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Aug.

20201

Index Percent change

Aug.

2020

Sep.

2020

Annual Monthly

Sep.

2019 to

Sep.

2020

May

2020 to

Jun.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

All commodities................................... 100.000 123.2 123.6 -1.1 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.3

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 86.239 99.9 100.5 1.4 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.6

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 92.808 113.0 113.8 1.8 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.7

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 92.431 117.0 117.7 1.5 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.6

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 6.192 177.8 179.3 1.4 -0.3 -1.0 0.5 0.8

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 4.827 194.4 196.5 2.4 -0.1 -1.3 0.7 1.1

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.365 140.5 140.4 -2.0 -1.0 0.3 -0.1 -0.1

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 21.920 172.7 174.3 -6.8 6.8 5.6 3.7 0.9

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 14.946 158.9 164.3 7.8 1.5 1.0 3.9 3.4

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 14.368 180.1 185.3 5.9 1.4 1.2 3.6 2.9

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 9.325 179.1 186.6 11.1 1.9 1.9 5.6 4.2

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 5.402 133.7 136.5 2.4 0.8 -0.3 1.1 2.1

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 7.569 160.6 156.0 -25.2 20.6 15.0 3.9 -2.9

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 7.192 171.8 164.6 -28.1 21.8 16.4 3.5 -4.2

Crude........................................ 10000 4.815 171.6 167.0 -28.8 33.3 21.2 3.1 -2.7

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.377 102.3 124.6 66.1 4.2 -6.5 10.8 21.8

Gas-natural.................................. 10110 0.319 91.7 115.7 94.8 5.3 -7.5 12.9 26.2

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.503 108.1 107.2 -7.4 3.0 -1.4 -0.8 -0.8

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 4.523 150.6 151.5 -2.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.6

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.795 168.8 190.2 33.6 2.8 4.6 10.1 12.7

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 3.868 257.0 266.9 12.1 3.3 1.9 8.5 3.9

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 1.841 160.2 161.2 2.0 0.2 1.0 0.8 0.6

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.821 113.1 113.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.1

Capital goods................................... 2 29.004 88.3 88.4 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.679 121.3 121.4 1.4 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 22.939 80.2 80.3 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 2.386 135.4 135.5 -1.0 -0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 15.876 110.8 111.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 27.009 107.0 107.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 13.344 124.5 124.7 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.2

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 12.391 90.8 90.9 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 1.274 116.1 116.4 -0.1 1.1 0.0 1.0 0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2019 to

September 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Aug.

20201

Index Percent change

Aug.

2020

Sep.

2020

Annual Monthly

Sep.

2019 to

Sep.

2020

May

2020 to

Jun.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

All commodities................................... 100.000 122.1 122.8 -1.8 1.8 1.0 0.5 0.6

Agricultural commodities....................... 9.176 171.2 175.9 1.3 1.6 1.6 -2.3 2.7

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 82.597 102.1 102.7 1.3 0.0 0.4 0.7 0.6

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 90.824 118.3 118.7 -2.2 1.7 0.9 0.8 0.3

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 8.511 175.1 179.8 1.1 1.2 1.6 -2.1 2.7

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 7.993 174.1 179.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 -2.3 2.8

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.517 195.8 198.5 -9.2 -7.8 -0.7 1.5 1.4

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 31.310 141.0 142.0 -6.9 5.8 2.5 1.9 0.7

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 11.449 179.5 181.9 8.5 1.1 1.4 4.2 1.3

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 19.861 125.2 125.7 -13.9 8.6 3.2 0.6 0.4

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.155 158.2 162.3 -2.4 -0.2 0.7 -2.2 2.6

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 30.154 140.5 141.4 -7.1 6.1 2.5 2.1 0.6

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 8.893 130.8 129.7 -25.6 23.7 6.1 0.5 -0.8

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 20.302 161.1 163.2 3.7 0.2 1.2 2.9 1.3

Selected building materials.................. 13 0.959 119.4 120.9 1.3 0.5 0.4 0.8 1.3

Capital goods................................... 2 37.563 111.6 111.7 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.891 120.2 120.6 2.8 0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.3

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 24.395 95.1 95.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 9.278 185.0 185.4 1.4 -0.1 0.4 0.1 0.2

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 10.015 113.9 113.9 -0.3 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 12.601 109.8 110.5 0.0 -0.1 0.3 0.4 0.6

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 6.113 108.4 108.9 0.9 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.5

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 5.074 107.4 108.4 0.7 -0.5 0.1 0.2 0.9

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec.

2018=100)................................... 42 1.414 92.9 93.4 -5.8 0.0 -0.2 0.4 0.5

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: September 2019 to September

2020

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Aug.

20201

Index Percent change

Aug.

2020

Sep.

2020

Annual Monthly

Sep.

2019 to

Sep.

2020

May

2020 to

Jun.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Nonmanufacturing................................ 7.358 91.0 90.3 -18.9 18.6 13.0 2.7 -0.8

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 1.923 179.0 182.3 5.9 -0.5 -0.8 1.2 1.8

Crop production............................... 111 1.594 193.2 198.2 8.4 -0.6 -1.1 1.0 2.6

Mining............................................ 21 5.435 79.9 78.6 -25.4 29.4 18.9 3.2 -1.6

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 5.174 78.7 77.3 -26.4 31.5 20.0 3.4 -1.8

Manufacturing..................................... 92.322 111.0 111.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.4

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.464 125.3 125.4 0.4 0.2 -0.2 0.2 0.1

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 3.519 153.0 153.3 -0.4 0.4 -1.0 0.7 0.2

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.192 129.7 129.8 3.4 0.0 0.1 1.0 0.1

Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)............... 313 0.385 101.8 101.9 2.1 -0.1 3.5 -0.1 0.1

Textile product mills.......................... 314 0.937 106.2 106.2 -1.5 -0.1 0.1 -0.4 0.0

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.781 112.9 113.1 0.6 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.2

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.651 123.6 123.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.4 -0.2

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 18.206 122.6 123.3 -2.0 1.1 1.7 1.6 0.6

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2019=100)................................... 321 1.094 136.1 166.0 – 5.5 9.2 19.1 22.0

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 0.997 107.0 106.1 -4.0 2.3 -0.8 -0.1 -0.8

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 2.170 80.0 73.7 -27.9 6.0 7.7 4.4 -7.9

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 10.221 136.2 136.7 -1.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.4

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.445 121.2 121.4 2.4 0.3 1.4 0.6 0.2

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 1.084 130.7 130.8 0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.1 0.1

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 62.652 104.3 104.8 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.5

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.443 170.3 175.8 11.5 2.5 2.3 7.2 3.2

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.256 126.4 127.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.5

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 7.841 119.8 120.1 0.9 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.3

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 17.209 71.9 71.8 -0.4 0.1 -0.3 0.0 -0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 5.555 117.8 117.9 0.3 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 16.923 110.0 110.3 1.3 0.1 -0.1 0.3 0.3

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 1.909 114.9 115.0 -1.1 -0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.516 119.5 120.2 1.3 0.3 0.6 1.0 0.6

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: September 2019 to September

2020

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Aug.

20201

Index Percent change

Aug.

2020

Sep.

2020

Annual Monthly

Sep.

2019 to

Sep.

2020

May

2020 to

Jun.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Nonmanufacturing................................ 8.904 110.2 111.9 -10.8 12.2 4.2 -0.2 1.5

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 4.399 139.6 147.5 2.5 0.4 2.6 -2.9 5.7

Crop production............................... 111 4.073 146.5 155.2 3.5 1.4 2.6 -3.2 5.9

Mining............................................ 21 4.504 63.5 61.9 -22.4 28.0 5.8 2.6 -2.5

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.153 91.5 92.2 -15.5 -2.0 -1.2 3.2 0.8

Manufacturing..................................... 89.714 114.7 115.1 -1.2 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.3

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.776 138.5 138.7 -1.0 0.9 0.4 -1.0 0.1

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.632 155.7 155.6 -1.4 1.3 0.8 -1.3 -0.1

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.658 123.2 124.3 1.6 0.9 -0.8 -0.9 0.9

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 23.051 103.7 104.5 -7.9 2.9 1.8 0.4 0.8

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.485 97.2 99.0 3.3 0.5 0.2 0.8 1.9

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.518 117.7 117.5 -3.5 0.5 -0.5 -0.3 -0.2

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 4.350 75.2 75.8 -28.5 19.7 5.9 -0.1 0.8

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 13.278 115.1 116.4 -1.4 -0.3 1.2 0.8 1.1

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.367 117.3 116.6 -0.5 -0.2 0.0 0.1 -0.6

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.850 118.0 118.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.3

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 59.886 117.1 117.3 1.6 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.2

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.927 179.9 180.8 17.8 1.7 2.0 8.2 0.5

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.144 150.2 150.7 1.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 10.011 130.2 130.9 0.6 -0.2 0.1 0.0 0.5

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 14.132 82.6 82.4 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.0 -0.2

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.879 118.3 118.7 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 17.994 129.6 129.7 0.6 -0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1

Furniture and related product

manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100).......... 337 0.408 124.7 124.8 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.391 117.9 119.1 -1.2 -0.3 0.0 0.3 1.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2019 to

September 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Aug.

20201

Index Percent change

Aug.

2020

Sep.

2020

Annual Monthly

Sep.

2019 to

Sep.

2020

May

2020 to

Jun.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.334 189.8 187.9 -3.7 1.6 -2.7 1.1 -1.0

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.388 271.5 265.4 1.2 7.7 -10.0 2.9 -2.2

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.679 129.1 128.3 -7.6 -2.1 0.6 -0.4 -0.6

Vegetable products............................... II 1.960 213.3 218.3 7.5 -0.3 -1.1 1.0 2.3

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.474 498.4 504.2 0.4 -2.4 1.2 2.0 1.2

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.636 107.4 113.7 8.1 -1.4 -5.9 -0.1 5.9

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.349 221.5 223.5 9.9 -0.7 3.7 0.5 0.9

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.256 89.0 90.1 8.2 -0.8 1.3 3.2 1.2

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.021 168.8 169.5 1.7 -0.1 0.0 0.5 0.4

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.204 99.4 100.5 5.5 0.4 -2.1 0.1 1.1

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or

other parts of plants.......................... 20 0.366 168.4 168.7 -2.1 0.1 -0.4 0.0 0.2

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.134 139.8 139.9 3.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1

Mineral products.................................. V 7.715 163.6 159.0 -23.9 19.4 14.3 3.7 -2.8

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 7.365 159.3 154.6 -24.9 20.6 15.1 3.8 -3.0

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 9.592 154.4 154.9 -1.0 -0.1 0.4 0.1 0.3

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.454 266.9 267.3 -4.8 -0.1 -0.6 -0.3 0.1

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.097 121.6 122.0 -3.3 -0.5 0.9 0.3 0.3

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 4.991 155.1 155.4 0.5 0.1 0.5 -0.1 0.2

Essential oils and resinoids (Dec.

2016=100)..................................... 33 0.629 103.3 103.3 0.1 -0.4 0.6 0.2 0.0

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.595 100.7 101.0 -1.2 0.2 -0.2 0.2 0.3

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 3.771 143.0 144.4 3.2 1.3 2.4 1.1 1.0

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.497 143.4 144.0 1.0 1.3 1.7 0.9 0.4

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.274 144.5 147.2 7.8 1.3 3.6 1.5 1.9

Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel

goods, etc....................................... VIII 0.623 124.2 124.4 0.3 0.2 -0.6 -0.1 0.2

Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc.

of various materials........................... 42 0.598 131.1 131.2 0.4 0.2 -0.5 -0.1 0.1

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw,

basketware and wickerwork................. IX 1.129 197.9 241.0 66.3 5.7 9.1 19.1 21.8

Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal

(Dec. 2019=100).............................. 44 1.104 137.5 168.2 – 5.8 9.4 19.6 22.3

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.017 111.3 110.8 -5.1 1.9 -0.7 -0.8 -0.4

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.700 104.9 104.0 -4.8 0.7 -0.5 -1.0 -0.9

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 4.901 114.5 114.6 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

knitted or crocheted.......................... 61 1.981 105.0 105.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.648 122.5 122.8 1.6 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.2

Made-up or worn textile articles............... 63 0.636 100.2 100.2 -1.4 -0.4 -0.2 0.1 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2019 to

September 2020 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Aug.

20201

Index Percent change

Aug.

2020

Sep.

2020

Annual Monthly

Sep.

2019 to

Sep.

2020

May

2020 to

Jun.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.388 123.9 123.7 1.2 0.0 0.2 -0.6 -0.2

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 1.160 122.1 121.9 0.7 -0.1 0.2 -0.7 -0.2

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.975 131.7 131.7 -0.3 -0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 3.276 220.8 226.2 17.9 2.9 1.2 9.1 2.4

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 5.524 168.6 171.2 -1.0 0.7 1.0 1.6 1.5

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.070 190.3 194.6 -8.7 0.5 -0.8 2.0 2.3

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.688 145.8 146.6 -1.5 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.5

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.461 292.7 298.6 12.8 3.9 6.0 3.5 2.0

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.928 129.2 132.1 4.0 0.9 3.8 3.4 2.2

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.467 123.1 123.1 -0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.532 132.9 132.9 -2.3 -0.2 0.1 -0.4 0.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 30.841 79.1 79.1 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.0

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 15.754 85.2 85.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 15.088 73.3 73.4 0.0 -0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.1

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.994 114.5 114.8 1.4 0.0 -0.2 0.2 0.3

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 12.862 113.7 114.0 1.4 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.3

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 4.130 102.1 102.4 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.857 98.3 98.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.479 110.9 111.0 -0.6 -0.2 0.1 -0.1 0.1

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.819 116.6 116.7 -0.8 -0.2 0.1 -0.1 0.1

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.389 101.6 101.7 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.271 126.8 126.7 -1.6 0.0 -0.3 0.0 -0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2019 to

September 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Aug.

20201

Index Percent change

Aug.

2020

Sep.

2020

Annual Monthly

Sep.

2019 to

Sep.

2020

May

2020 to

Jun.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.936 207.0 205.0 -4.2 1.7 1.1 -2.0 -1.0

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.163 161.7 163.6 -0.7 0.2 -1.7 -0.3 1.2

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100).............. 03 0.315 104.1 106.0 -12.3 -9.8 -1.2 1.7 1.8

Vegetable products............................... II 4.084 183.2 193.9 4.1 1.7 2.6 -3.3 5.8

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.863 120.5 125.4 -10.9 -3.8 -1.7 -0.2 4.1

Cereals............................................ 10 1.294 176.5 191.3 7.7 2.6 2.2 -5.3 8.4

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 1.488 193.0 204.2 11.7 1.0 4.1 0.3 5.8

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.048 150.7 153.2 0.5 0.4 1.7 -2.0 1.7

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or

other parts of plants (Dec. 2019=100). . . .. 20 0.325 95.5 95.5 – -0.6 -0.8 -0.4 0.0

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.597 99.2 99.6 0.9 -0.6 0.9 0.3 0.4

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.552 103.1 108.7 1.1 4.8 6.3 -8.2 5.4

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.706 209.4 214.8 2.7 -1.4 0.0 -1.4 2.6

Mineral products.................................. V 8.888 158.5 157.2 -25.4 23.6 5.9 1.5 -0.8

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.419 97.8 104.4 6.0 2.0 5.3 9.6 6.7

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 8.270 149.2 147.4 -27.0 25.8 6.0 1.2 -1.2

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 11.000 135.4 135.7 -1.6 -0.1 0.6 0.3 0.2

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.717 138.0 138.5 -7.2 -0.1 -1.4 0.0 0.4

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.405 131.8 131.9 -5.9 -0.9 0.6 0.9 0.1

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 3.254 108.7 109.6 2.0 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.8

Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints

varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100). . .. 32 0.523 100.6 101.5 -2.9 0.1 2.1 -5.0 0.9

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.882 128.1 128.1 -1.8 -0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.505 125.9 125.9 0.6 0.2 0.6 -0.1 0.0

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 2.053 157.0 156.8 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 -0.1

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 5.152 139.1 140.9 -0.8 -1.3 0.5 1.7 1.3

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 4.247 135.7 138.2 -0.5 -1.6 0.5 2.0 1.8

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.905 152.6 150.1 -2.2 0.3 0.5 0.3 -1.6

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.598 96.4 97.9 4.0 0.3 0.3 0.8 1.6

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.846 122.9 123.2 1.5 0.3 -0.2 0.3 0.2

Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec.

2019=100)..................................... 47 0.519 121.0 121.2 – 0.6 0.2 1.3 0.2

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 1.035 121.7 121.8 -2.5 0.2 -0.9 -0.2 0.1

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 1.676 116.5 118.0 0.6 0.2 0.8 -0.9 1.3

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.438 107.1 111.2 1.7 1.2 3.6 -3.3 3.8

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.825 127.0 127.2 -0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.2

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2019 to

September 2020 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Aug.

20201

Index Percent change

Aug.

2020

Sep.

2020

Annual Monthly

Sep.

2019 to

Sep.

2020

May

2020 to

Jun.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)....... 70 0.477 99.5 99.3 – -0.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.2

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 5.368 300.9 304.9 16.0 1.2 1.3 7.5 1.3

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.681 155.6 159.2 2.2 0.6 1.7 1.2 2.3

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.546 188.6 194.6 12.4 6.6 9.1 4.4 3.2

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.696 97.9 103.2 4.6 -0.5 3.4 3.9 5.4

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.350 155.9 155.9 1.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 29.146 98.2 98.2 0.4 -0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 17.337 115.9 115.9 -0.2 -0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 11.809 79.1 79.2 1.4 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.1

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.652 137.7 137.7 0.5 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 8.186 116.0 116.0 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.0

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 6.180 110.7 110.8 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.378 113.7 113.3 0.4 0.3 0.1 -0.4 -0.4

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi;......................... 94 0.771 133.0 133.2 2.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.447 87.8 86.7 -2.1 0.6 0.3 -1.7 -1.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: September 2019 to September

2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Aug.

20201

Index Percent change

Aug.

2020

Sep.

2020

Annual Monthly

Sep.

2019 to

Sep.

2020

May

2020 to

Jun.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 126.0 126.7 0.0 4.0 1.1 2.5 0.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 9.102 148.5 146.6 -19.9 69.8 8.2 4.4 -1.3

Manufacturing................................ 90.378 123.4 124.3 2.5 0.5 0.4 2.2 0.7

Canada.......................................... 100.000 134.0 135.6 -2.4 13.8 3.3 5.3 1.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 26.432 145.4 143.4 -20.2 79.8 8.6 4.6 -1.4

Manufacturing................................ 72.713 134.3 137.0 5.5 1.1 1.5 5.5 2.0

European Union............................... 100.000 138.0 139.2 1.7 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.9

Manufacturing................................ 99.012 134.2 135.3 1.6 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.8

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 128.8 129.4 1.5 0.5 1.3 0.3 0.5

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 113.5 114.9 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 1.2

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 120.0 121.6 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 1.3

Latin America3................................. 100.000 145.2 144.7 -1.4 1.4 1.5 1.2 -0.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 12.965 219.3 221.1 -12.7 8.8 6.9 2.7 0.8

Manufacturing................................ 86.749 121.5 120.8 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.0 -0.6

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 128.5 128.6 1.2 0.9 0.3 1.0 0.1

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 7.040 118.5 126.9 -4.5 6.9 1.1 3.9 7.1

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 92.675 89.5 89.0 1.6 0.5 0.3 0.8 -0.6

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4

............... 100.000 97.9 98.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 98.3 98.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0

Japan............................................ 100.000 96.8 97.0 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)...................... 100.000 97.5 97.7 -1.2 0.3 0.1 -0.3 0.2

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 85.6 85.5 -1.9 0.7 0.5 -0.7 -0.1

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 97.4 97.7 0.5 -0.2 -0.2 0.3 0.3

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 150.2 149.0 -16.1 -5.1 18.7 0.3 -0.8

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: September 2019 to

September 2020

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Aug.

20201

Index Percent change

Aug.

2020

Sep.

2020

Annual Monthly

Sep.

2019 to

Sep.

2020

May

2020 to

Jun.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 102.1 102.8 0.0 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 8.726 87.2 89.8 -13.0 19.1 4.4 -0.7 3.0

Manufacturing................................ 89.840 103.8 104.4 1.4 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.6

Canada.......................................... 100.000 102.2 102.8 -1.1 1.6 1.4 0.8 0.6

European Union............................... 100.000 103.1 103.6 -1.2 1.7 1.1 0.5 0.5

Nonmanufacturing........................... 7.787 79.8 80.4 -19.8 19.8 4.5 -2.1 0.8

Manufacturing................................ 90.866 105.4 105.9 0.6 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.5

Germany........................................ 100.000 107.5 107.9 3.3 0.1 1.0 1.2 0.4

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 95.3 95.5 -4.5 2.4 1.7 -0.1 0.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 7.217 96.7 100.3 -0.1 5.4 5.7 -3.0 3.7

Manufacturing................................ 92.191 95.1 95.0 -5.0 2.1 1.5 0.0 -0.1

Mexico........................................... 100.000 95.9 96.3 -3.4 0.6 1.1 0.1 0.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 5.595 91.1 96.0 2.0 0.7 6.3 -3.6 5.4

Manufacturing................................ 93.704 96.1 96.2 -3.8 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.1

Pacific Rim4

.................................... 100.000 98.1 98.4 -1.5 2.0 0.3 0.6 0.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 12.945 82.8 83.2 -14.4 11.5 2.2 0.5 0.5

Manufacturing................................ 85.167 101.1 101.3 0.4 0.7 -0.2 0.6 0.2

China............................................ 100.000 97.7 97.6 0.4 3.0 1.4 0.9 -0.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 11.205 80.1 77.7 -15.9 30.6 7.1 1.8 -3.0

Manufacturing................................ 86.273 102.0 102.2 2.0 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.2

Japan............................................ 100.000 98.4 99.3 -1.0 4.4 0.9 0.5 0.9

Nonmanufacturing........................... 17.314 80.4 82.5 -14.5 22.2 5.2 -0.1 2.6

Manufacturing................................ 80.887 102.2 102.6 1.9 1.2 0.0 0.5 0.4

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: September 2019 to September 20201

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

Aug.

2020

Sep.

2020

Annual Monthly

Sep.

2019 to

Sep.

2020

May

2020 to

Jun.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 99.2 99.3 0.0 -2.1 0.1 -1.6 0.1

Canada.................................................. 100.2 99.6 1.3 -10.6 -1.9 -4.3 -0.6

European Union...................................... 100.6 100.2 -2.8 1.3 0.4 0.1 -0.4

Germany................................................ 109.0 108.1 1.3 0.1 1.1 0.5 -0.8

Latin America3

........................................ 97.7 98.3 -3.1 1.0 0.2 -1.3 0.6

Mexico.................................................. 96.3 96.6 -4.5 -0.3 0.8 -0.9 0.3

Pacific Rim4............................................ 98.6 98.8 -1.7 1.9 0.2 0.5 0.2

China.................................................... 99.5 99.4 0.4 3.0 1.2 0.8 -0.1

Japan.................................................... 97.1 97.8 -1.2 4.1 0.9 0.4 0.7

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: September

2019 to September 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Aug.

20201

Index Percent change

Aug.

2020

Sep.

2020

Annual Monthly

Sep.

2019 to

Sep.

2020

May

2020 to

Jun.

2020

Jun.

2020 to

Jul.

2020

Jul.

2020 to

Aug.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 271.7 269.3 55.6 -3.1 -14.0 2.2 -0.9

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 27.932 224.2 230.8 58.6 0.3 2.4 1.6 2.9

Asia.................................................. 63.564 273.8 266.4 66.2 -4.6 -21.3 2.9 -2.7

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 169.8 171.1 5.6 2.2 -0.1 1.1 0.8

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 30.674 153.0 156.7 4.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 2.4

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 220.1 218.6 36.5 -2.5 -9.9 1.7 -0.7

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 27.694 170.8 175.7 32.5 1.5 1.9 0.7 2.9

Asia.................................................. 62.410 218.9 213.8 46.4 -4.3 -15.7 2.4 -2.3

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 150.4 149.8 5.6 -5.4 0.5 -0.1 -0.4

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 35.495 176.7 182.1 17.7 0.0 0.1 0.1 3.1

Asia.................................................. 43.457 135.3 130.8 -0.5 -11.9 1.6 -1.2 -3.3

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 140.0 146.1 -12.8 7.0 -4.0 0.1 4.4

Europe............................................... 36.960 131.9 145.0 -24.7 10.9 -10.7 -2.4 9.9

Asia.................................................. 32.862 158.8 166.5 34.3 15.7 3.4 8.9 4.8

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 7.185 110.6 110.1 -25.4 -2.1 -0.6 -9.5 -0.5

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 145.4 154.0 5.3 6.4 5.5 3.1 5.9

Europe............................................... 24.520 154.0 156.1 -16.2 12.7 6.9 -7.5 1.4

Asia.................................................. 31.980 161.0 188.2 44.1 5.6 4.3 17.5 16.9

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 24.006 141.9 139.3 -9.6 2.0 3.1 -3.7 -1.8

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

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TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
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Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. 

Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.