Technical information:  (202) 691-6392     USDL 02-479
http://www.bls.gov/mls/
                                           
                                           For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Media contact:                691-5902     Wednesday, August 14, 2002
                                     
                                     
            EXTENDED MASS LAYOFFS IN THE SECOND QUARTER OF 2002
  

   In the second quarter of 2002, 1,754 mass layoff actions were taken by
employers that resulted in the separation of 392,338 workers from their
jobs for at least 31 days, according to preliminary figures released by the
U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics.  For the second
consecutive quarter, both the total number of layoff events and the number
of separations were lower than in the same quarter a year earlier.  (See
table A.)  The decline was most notable in manufacturing industries.
   
   As is usual, the completion of seasonal work was the major reason cited
for extended layoffs in the second quarter, accounting for 34 percent of
all events and 162,487 separations.  Permanent closure of worksites occurred 
in 15 percent of all events and affected 67,114 workers, down sharply from 
136,597 workers in April-June 2001.  Fifty-three percent of the employers 
with layoffs in the second quarter indicated that they anticipated some type 
of recall, 8 percent higher than a year ago.
   
   This release uses the North American Industry Classification System
(NAICS) for the assignment and tabulation of layoff data by industry.
Previously, the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system was used.
Thus, industry data in this release are not consistent with data published
prior to 2002.  Additional information on this change is provided in the
box on page 5 of this release.
   
Industry Distribution of Extended Layoffs
   
   Extended mass layoff separations occurred in 443 of the 1,197 detailed
industries for which data are available.  Manufacturing industries accounted 
for 28 percent of private-sector layoff events and 24 percent of all separa-
tions during April-June 2002.  A year earlier, manufacturing accounted for 
41 percent of private-sector events and 35 percent of separations.  Layoff 
activity in this sector was primarily concentrated incomputer and electronic 
products (14,943, mainly in telephone apparatus and in search, detection, and 
navigation instruments), followed by food manufacturing (13,844, largely in 
fruit and vegetable processing) and transportation equipment (13,705, mostly 
in aircraft manufacturing).  (See table 1.)
   
   Retail trade accounted for 6 percent of private-sector layoff events and
10 percent of all separations, with concentrations in general merchandise
stores (15,412, primarily in discount department stores) and food and
beverage stores (10,966, almost entirely in supermarkets and other grocery
stores).  Layoffs in agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting comprised
7 percent of events and 9 percent of separations, mostly in agricultural
and forestry support activities.  Three percent of events and 7 percent of
separations were in the arts, entertainment, and recreation sector, largely
in amusements, gambling, and recreation.  Cutbacks in transportation and
warehousing accounted for an additional 8 percent of events and 7 percent
of separations, mainly in school and employee bus transportation.  Extended
mass layoffs in administrative and waste services also were 8 percent of
events and 7 percent of separations and occurred primarily in temporary
help services and telemarketing bureaus.

                                  - 2 -

Table A.  Selected measures of extended mass layoff activity
-------------------------------------------------------------------------  
        Period       | Layoff events |  Separations  | Initial claimants
---------------------|---------------|---------------|-------------------
        1998         |               |               |
January-March........|     1,320     |    208,082    |      247,315
April-June...........|     1,563     |    391,461    |      402,276
July-September.......|     1,234     |    248,054    |      256,803
October-December.....|     1,734     |    379,976    |      325,990
        1999         |               |               |
January-March........|     1,509     |    277,780    |      252,122
April-June...........|     1,444     |    294,968    |      242,464
July-September.......|     1,097     |    241,725    |      189,973
October-December.....|     1,625     |    334,794    |      287,685
        2000         |               |               |
January-March........|     1,330     |    254,646    |      221,368
April-June...........|     1,271     |    258,608    |      231,471
July-September.......|     1,014     |    230,103    |      189,250
October-December.....|     2,005     |    427,070    |      376,611
        2001         |               |               |
January-March(r).....|     1,765     |    342,954    |      340,210
April-June(r)........|     2,072     |    481,886    |      401,168
July-September(r)....|     1,815     |    384,403    |      370,620
October-December(r)..|     2,698     |    541,944    |      500,925
        2002         |               |               |
January-March(r).....|     1,749     |    333,501    |      313,686
April-June(p)........|     1,754     |    392,338    |      256,338
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
    p=preliminary.                          r=revised.


   Layoffs in government establishments accounted for 7 percent of all
events and 12 percent of all separations, mostly in educational services 
as the school year ended.
   
Reasons for Extended Layoff
   
   Layoffs due to the completion of seasonal work accounted for 34 percent
of the extended layoff events and resulted in 162,487 separations in the
second quarter.  (See table 2.)  These layoffs were most numerous among
workers in educational services (largely in elementary and secondary
schools) and in amusements, gambling, and recreation (mainly in skiing
facilities).
   
   Internal company restructuring (bankruptcy, business ownership change,
financial difficulty, and reorganization) accounted for 22 percent of
layoff events and resulted in 86,868 separations.  These layoffs were
mostly among workers in general merchandise stores and food and beverage
stores.  In the second quarter of 2001, layoff events for these reasons
were 24 percent of the total and involved 156,706 workers.
   
   Lack of demand for products and services (slack work) accounted for 
15 percent of events and resulted in 11 percent of the separations during 
the second quarter, mostly in transportation equipment and in computer and
electronic product manufacturing.
   
                                  - 3 -

    Table B.  Summary of employer expectations of a recall from
    extended layoff, second quarter 2001-second quarter 2002
    --------------------------------------------------------------
                          |          Percentage of events
     Nature of the recall |---------------------------------------
                          |  II  |  III  |   IV  |   I   |  II
                          | 2001 |  2001 |  2001r| 2002r | 2002p
    ----------------------|------|-------|-------|-------|--------
    Anticipate a recall...| 45.0 |  35.7 |  49.1 |  35.3 |  52.7
                          |      |       |       |       |
           Timeframe      |      |       |       |       |
                          |      |       |       |       |
    Within 6 months.......| 83.9 |  74.7 |  80.8 |  77.3 |  82.1
      Within 3 months.....| 52.2 |  47.4 |  30.8 |  46.5 |  57.3
                          |      |       |       |       |
             Size         |      |       |       |       |
                          |      |       |       |       |
    At least half.........| 88.5 |  76.5 |  87.3 |  84.9 |  92.0
      All workers.........| 42.3 |  29.8 |  36.2 |  27.7 |  42.6
     -------------------------------------------------------------
         p=preliminary.                       r=revised.


Recall Expectations

   Fifty-three percent of employers reporting an extended layoff in the
second quarter of 2002 indicated they anticipated some type of recall.
This compares with 45 percent of the employers anticipating a recall a year
earlier.  (See table B.)  In recent years, the greater prevalence of
situations where recall is unlikely (reorganizations within the company and
layoffs due to financial difficulty) resulted in the proportions being 
below the historical 60-70 percent range.
   
   Among establishments expecting a recall, most employers expected to
recall over one-half of the separated employees and to do so within 6
months.  Forty-three percent of the employers expected to extend the offer
to all laid-off workers.
   
   Excluding layoff events due to seasonal work and vacation period (in
which 93 percent of the employers expected a recall), employers expected to
recall laid-off workers in 28 percent of the events.  In layoff events due
to internal company restructuring, employers anticipated a recall in only 
6 percent of the events.

                                  - 4 -

Table C.  Distribution of extended layoff events by size of layoff,
April-June 2002p
-------------------------------------------------------------------
                 |       Layoff events    |       Separations
     Size        |------------------------|------------------------
                 |   Number  |   Percent  |  Number  |   Percent
-----------------|-----------|------------|----------|-------------
                 |           |            |          |
    Total        |   1,754   |    100.0   |  392,338 |    100.0
                 |           |            |          |
50-99............|     682   |     38.9   |   48,598 |     12.4
100-149..........|     364   |     20.8   |   42,947 |     10.9
150-199..........|     196   |     11.2   |   33,129 |      8.4
200-299..........|     228   |     13.0   |   54,162 |     13.8
300-499..........|     150   |      8.6   |   54,697 |     13.9
500-999..........|      87   |      5.0   |   58,715 |     15.0
1,000 or more....|      47   |      2.7   |  100,090 |     25.5
-------------------------------------------------------------------
     p=preliminary.


Size of Extended Layoff

   Layoff events during the second quarter continued to be concentrated 
at the lower end of the extended layoff-size spectrum, with 60 percent
involving fewer than 150 workers.  These events, however, accounted for
only 23 percent of all separations.  (See table C.)  Separations involving
500 or more workers accounted for 40 percent of all separations, unchanged
from a year earlier.  The average size of layoffs (as measured by separa-
tions per layoff event) differed widely by industry, ranging from a low of 
77 separations in truck transportation to a high of 784 in motion picture 
and sound recording industries.
   
Initial Claimant Characteristics
   
   A total of 256,338 initial claimants for unemployment insurance were
associated with extended mass layoffs in the second quarter of 2002.  Of
these claimants, 18 percent were black, 51 percent were women, 18 percent
were Hispanic, and 16 percent were 55 years of age or older.  (See table
3.)  Forty percent of claimants were 30 to 44 years of age.  Among the
civilian labor force for the same period, 12 percent were black, 47 percent
were women, 11 percent were Hispanic, and 14 percent were 55 years of age
or older.  Thirty-seven percent of the civilian labor force were ages 30 
to 44.
   
Geographic Distribution
   
   In the second quarter, the number of separations due to extended mass
layoff events was highest in the West (137,696), followed by the South
(97,251), the Midwest (95,786), and the Northeast (61,605).  (See table 4.)
Extended mass layoffs in the West were mainly in amusements, gambling, and
recreation, educational services, and agriculture and forestry support
activities.
   
   Three of the four regions reported over-the-year decreases in separations, 
with the largest decrease occurring in the Midwest (-69,814).  Only the West 
region had an over-the-year increase in separations in the second quarter 
(+7,394).  Seven of the nine geographic divisions reported over-the-year 
declines in laid-off workers, with the largest declines in the East North 
Central, Pacific, and South Atlantic divisions.  Separations rose in the 
Mountain and West North Central divisions.
   
   Among the 50 states and the District of Columbia, the largest number of
worker separations occurred in California (67,860), followed by Illinois
(44,855).  These two states accounted for 27 percent of total layoff events
and 29 percent of the separations during the second quarter of 2002.  They
were followed by Florida (26,469), Arizona (24,509), Texas (23,149), and
Colorado (21,620).  (See table 5.)  After excluding the substantial impact
of seasonal work, California still reported the most laid-off workers
(40,322), largely due to layoffs in motion pictures and sound recording and
in computer and in electronic product manufacturing.
   
   Over the year, Michigan reported the greatest decrease in laid-off
workers (-53,077), followed by California (-13,861) and Wisconsin (-11,395).  
The largest increases occurred in Arizona (+16,400) and Louisiana (+9,364).

Note
   
   The quarterly series on extended mass layoffs cover layoffs of at least
31-days duration that involve 50 or more individuals from a single
establishment filing initial claims for unemployment insurance during a
consecutive 5-week period.  Approximately 30 days after a mass layoff is
triggered at an establishment, the employer is contacted for additional
information.  Data for the second quarter are preliminary and subject to
revision.  This release also includes revised data for previous quarters.
Data are not seasonally adjusted, but survey data suggest that there is a
seasonal pattern to layoffs.  Thus, comparisons between consecutive
quarters should not be used as an indicator of trend.  For additional
information about the program, see the Technical Note.
   
                       _____________________________
   
   The report on Mass Layoffs in July 2002 will be issued on Thursday,
August 22, 2002.
   
                                  - 5 -         

     --------------------------------------------------------------------
    |              Change in Industry Classification System              |
    |                                                                    |
    |    Beginning with the release of January 2002 Mass Layoff          |
    | monthly data, on February 28, 2002, the Mass Layoff Statistics     |
    | program implemented the 2002 version of the North American         |
    | Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for the        |
    | assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry.  NAICS     |
    | is the product of a cooperative effort on the part of the sta-     |
    | tistical agencies of the United States, Canada, and Mexico.  Due   |
    | to differences in NAICS and the previously used Standard Indus-    |
    | trial Classification (SIC) structures, data by industry for 2002   |
    | will not be comparable to the SIC-based data for earlier years.    |
    | However, the monthly mass layoff and quarterly extended mass layoff| 
    | historical industry series through 2001 are available on both SIC  |
    | and NAICS bases.                                                   |
    |                                                                    |
    |    NAICS uses a production-oriented approach to categorize economic| 
    | units.  Units with similar production processes are classified in  |
    | the same industry.  NAICS focuses on how products and services are |
    | created, as opposed to the SIC focus on what is produced. This     |
    | approach yields significantly different industry groupings than    |
    | those produced by the SIC approach.                                |
    |                                                                    |
    |    Users interested in more information about NAICS can access the |
    | BLS Web page at http://www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm or the Bureau of  |
    | the Census Web page at http://www.census.gov/epcd/www/naics.html.  |
      -------------------------------------------------------------------
   
   
   




Technical Note
  
  The  Mass  Layoff  Statistics (MLS) program is  a  federal-state  program
which  uses  a standardized, automated approach to identifying, describing,
and  tracking  the  effects of major job cutbacks,  using  data  from  each
state's  unemployment  insurance database.  Establishments  which  have  at
least  50  initial  claims filed against them during a  consecutive  5-week
period  are  contacted  by  the state agency  to  determine  whether  these
separations  are of at least 31 days duration, and, if so,  information  is
obtained on the total number of persons separated and the reasons for these
separations.    Establishments  are  identified   according   to   industry
classification  and  location,  and unemployment  insurance  claimants  are
identified by such demographic factors as age, race, sex, ethnic group, and
place  of  residence.  The program yields information  on  an  individual's
entire  spell  of  unemployment,  to the point  when  regular  unemployment
insurance benefits are exhausted.

  The  MLS  program  was resumed in April 1995; it had been  terminated  in
November  1992 due to lack of funding.  However, due to changes in concepts
and  definitions,  data  from the resumed program  are  not  comparable  to
earlier data.

  Information   in   this   release  will  be  made  available  to  sensory
impaired  individuals upon request.  Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message
referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339.

Definitions

  Establishment.   A  unit  at   a  single   physical  location   at  which
predominantly one type of economic activity is conducted.

  Extended layoff event.  Fifty  or  more  initial  claims for unemployment
insurance  benefits from an establishment during a 5-week period,  with  at
least 50 workers separated for more than 30 days.

  Initial  claimant.  A person  who  files  any  notice of unemployment  to
initiate  a  request  either  for a determination  of  entitlement  to  and
eligibility  for  compensation, or for a subsequent period of  unemployment
within a benefit year or period of eligibility.

  Layoff. The separation of persons  from  an  employer  as part of a  mass
layoff  event.  (See below.) Such layoffs involve both persons  subject  to
recall and those who are terminated by the establishment.

                                  - 2 -

  Mass layoff.  Fifty or more  initial  claims for  unemployment  insurance
benefits  from  an establishment beginning in a given month, regardless  of
duration.

  Worksite  closure.  The  full  closure  of  either multi-unit or  single-
unit  establishments  or the partial closure of a multi-unit  establishment
where  entire  worksites affected by layoffs are closed or  planned  to  be
closed.
   
   
   


Table 1. Industry distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment
insurance, selected quarters, 2001 and 2002   

                                                                                                           Initial claimants for                                                                                                           
                                                        Layoff events               Separations            unemployment insurance  
                      Industry                    
                                                     II       I      II        II        I       II         II        I       II   
                                                    2001r   2002r   2002p     2001r    2002r    2002p      2001r    2002r    2002p 


        Total( 1 ) ...............................  2,072   1,749   1,754    481,886  333,501  392,338    401,168  313,686  256,338

Total, private ...................................  1,968   1,714   1,628    460,948  324,726  343,673    381,546  306,274  238,509

  Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting  ....    140     103     119     30,449   25,535   31,731     23,036   15,640   14,283
  Mining .........................................      5      29      14      1,848    4,220    2,595      2,032    4,061    2,137
  Utilities ......................................      4   ( 2 )       7        444    ( 2 )    1,259        561    ( 2 )      841
  Construction ...................................     94     195     123     14,804   21,735   19,316     13,636   27,527   18,221
  Manufacturing ..................................    803     661     463    163,545  117,547   82,264    183,876  116,135   66,048
       Food ......................................     73      69      69     13,693   12,363   13,844     14,027   12,363   10,690
       Beverage and tobacco products .............  ( 2 )       6       6      ( 2 )    1,108    1,735      ( 2 )      749      932
       Textile mills .............................     21      22      10      4,148    3,997    1,922      4,567    3,686    1,693
       Textile product mills .....................      4       4       -        783      410        -        500      385        -
       Apparel ...................................     50      45      32      6,645   10,594    4,234      7,607    9,768    4,899
       Leather and allied products ...............      5       4   ( 2 )        824      322    ( 2 )        589      339    ( 2 )
       Wood products .............................     18      18      13      2,425    2,079    1,269      2,550    3,512    1,182
       Paper .....................................     21      15      16      4,101    2,135    2,776      2,815    1,891    1,831
       Printing and related support activities ...     14      22      16      1,985    3,835    2,557      1,822    3,226    1,653
       Petroleum and coal products ...............  ( 2 )       3   ( 2 )      ( 2 )      249    ( 2 )      ( 2 )      247    ( 2 )

       Chemicals  ................................     16      22      14      2,190    3,473    1,606      2,093    2,461    1,414
       Plastics and rubber products ..............     32      21      10      5,156    2,087    2,107      6,266    1,906      906
       Nonmetallic mineral products ..............     14      26       9      2,004    3,522    1,496      1,734    2,986    1,379
       Primary metals ............................     42      29      28      7,649    6,440    3,653      8,821    8,049    3,928
       Fabricated metal products .................     60      52      19      7,642    5,733    2,326      8,502    6,282    2,169
       Machinery .................................     70      43      32     14,578    4,720    6,793     15,082    5,192    3,909
       Computer and electronic products ..........    192     121      87     49,230   27,643   14,943     51,494   26,123   12,663
       Electrical equipment and appliances .......     41      24      24     11,126    4,120    3,378     11,869    5,015    3,275
       Transportation equipment ..................     91      71      52     22,687   16,293   13,705     37,707   16,301   10,196
       Furniture and related products ............     23      27      14      3,958    3,262    2,498      4,201    3,685    2,014
       Miscellaneous manufacturing ...............     13      17       8      1,910    3,162      979      1,375    1,969      830

  Wholesale trade ................................     53      38      40     10,099    5,168    5,826      7,414    4,170    3,939
  Retail trade ...................................    101     157      93     29,354   49,968   34,262     17,384   36,751   19,867
  Transportation and warehousing .................    115      62     123     31,140   11,461   23,610     26,286   11,297   18,767
  Information ....................................     88      70      91     16,654    9,928   18,377     14,057   11,366   17,586
  Finance and insurance ..........................     47      55      35     10,091    9,581    6,688      8,820    8,679    3,803
  Real estate and rental and leasing .............      4   ( 2 )   ( 2 )        787    ( 2 )    ( 2 )        577    ( 2 )    ( 2 )
  Professional and technical services ............     83      62      73     22,842    7,486   23,311     13,750    7,841   10,957
  Management of companies and enterprises ........      3       7   ( 2 )        690    1,608    ( 2 )        631    1,506    ( 2 )
  Administrative and waste services ..............    123     164     129     66,112   39,356   22,962     25,080   42,566   23,460
  Educational services ...........................      5   ( 2 )       6        494    ( 2 )      785        425    ( 2 )      500
  Health care and social assistance ..............    111      20     121     13,473    3,390   14,916     12,104    2,046   11,406
  Arts, entertainment, and recreation ............     49      16      46     22,518    5,710   24,179      5,485    2,241    4,139
  Accommodation and food services ................     85      51      89     18,510    8,388   22,913     18,607   10,722   16,294
  Other services, except public administration ...     43       7      49      5,266    1,642    7,458      5,267    1,688    5,323

  Unclassified ...................................     12       7       1      1,828    1,082       80      2,518      929       78

Government .......................................    104      35     126     20,938    8,775   48,665     19,622    7,412   17,829
       Federal ...................................     12      16      15      3,364    4,289    3,772      3,740    3,518    3,235
       State .....................................     13      11      12      2,923    2,720    3,663      2,413    2,516    2,875
       Local .....................................     79       8      99     14,651    1,766   41,230     13,469    1,378   11,719
 
    1 For the second quarter of 2002, data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 
    2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
    p = preliminary.
    r = revised.
    NOTE:  Beginning with data for January 2002, the 2002 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is 
the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry.  NAICS is the product of a cooperative effort on 
the part of the statistical agencies of the United States, Canada, and Mexico.  Due to differences in NAICS and SIC structures,
data by industry for 2002 will not be comparable to the SIC-based data for earlier years.  However, the quarterly historical 
industry series from second quarter 1995 to fourth quarter 2001 are available on both SIC and NAICS bases.  Dash represents zero.
   
   
   

Table 2. Reason for separation: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment 
insurance, selected quarters, 2001 and 2002
    
                                                                                                     Initial claimants for                                                                                                            
                                         Layoff events                   Separations                 unemployment insurance  
      Reason for separation     
                                    II         I        II          II         I        II           II         I        II   
                                   2001r     2002r     2002p       2001r     2002r     2002p        2001r     2002r     2002p 


   Total, all reasons( 1 ) .....   2,072     1,749     1,754      481,886   333,501   392,338      401,168   313,686   256,338

Automation .....................   ( 2 )     ( 2 )         3        ( 2 )     ( 2 )       298        ( 2 )     ( 2 )       554
Bankruptcy .....................      78        59        47       63,485    22,261    14,308       14,488    14,645     8,247
Business ownership change ......      50        72        35       14,878    15,837     5,201       12,073     9,166     3,354
Contract cancellation ..........      34        49        38        6,268     8,044     4,732        5,476     6,850     4,400
Contract completed .............     156       184       218       30,386    32,643    38,173       30,651    44,196    39,270
Domestic relocation ............      36        33        24        7,089     4,822     4,832        4,924     4,584     3,264
Energy-related .................       6     ( 2 )     ( 2 )        1,015     ( 2 )     ( 2 )          840     ( 2 )     ( 2 )
Environment-related ............   ( 2 )         3         -        ( 2 )       718         -        ( 2 )       597         -
Financial difficulty ...........     173       127       116       38,911    22,859    36,328       34,485    21,905    22,316
Import competition .............      34        22        16        7,942     4,620     4,427        7,966     3,721     2,818
Labor dispute ..................      12     ( 2 )         8        3,564     ( 2 )     1,343        2,271     ( 2 )     1,227
Material shortage ..............       5     ( 2 )         4          566     ( 2 )       949          587     ( 2 )       696

Model changeover ...............       8     ( 2 )     ( 2 )        4,270     ( 2 )     ( 2 )        3,240     ( 2 )     ( 2 )
Natural disaster ...............   ( 2 )         -     ( 2 )        ( 2 )         -     ( 2 )        ( 2 )         -     ( 2 )
Non-natural disaster ...........   ( 3 )     ( 2 )         4        ( 3 )     ( 2 )       399        ( 3 )     ( 2 )       305
Overseas relocation ............      15        16        13        4,263     4,853     4,188        4,140     4,125     1,651
Plant or machine repair ........       8         5         7        1,399       543     1,526        1,795       454     1,046
Product line discontinued ......       9        13        10        3,779     1,494       968        2,997     1,606       895
Reorganization within company ..     191       240       181       39,432    50,894    31,031       36,501    43,070    24,090
Seasonal work ..................     569       357       592      138,721    69,580   162,487       98,155    54,617    81,089
Slack work .....................     387       439       261       60,364    67,769    44,096       83,568    79,746    40,380
Vacation period ................      71         -        83       12,401         -    21,189       10,956         -     8,842
Weather-related ................   ( 2 )         9         8        ( 2 )     1,253       882        ( 2 )     1,766       882
Other ..........................     130        47        46       25,563     5,914     9,352       28,084     8,645     6,257
Not reported ...................      93        65        35       16,526    16,936     4,559       16,684    11,985     4,155

    1 See footnote 1, table 1.
    2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
    3 This reason for separation has been created for use effective with third quarter 2001 for work activity curtailed because of
a human action resulting in a disaster, such as the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, or the threat of an attack. Only mass
layoff activity directly related to the "non-natural disaster" is included. 
    p = preliminary.
    r = revised.
    NOTE:  Dash represents zero. 
   
   
   

Table 3. State and selected claimant characteristics: Extended mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment
insurance, first and second quarters, 2002

                                                                                          Percent of total
                                                 Total                                                                                   
                          Layoff events         initial                             Hispanic                       Persons age 55 
                                               claimants             Black           origin            Women         and over    
         State        
                            I       II          I       II          I     II         I     II         I     II         I     II   
                          2002r    2002p      2002r    2002p      2002r  2002p     2002r  2002p     2002r  2002p     2002r  2002p 

    Total( 1 )  ........  1,749    1,754    313,686  256,338      14.7   17.8      17.4   17.5      42.9   51.1      14.5   16.3

Alabama ................     36       29      9,693    3,668      25.2   55.3       4.2    6.4      53.5   64.7      17.6   17.2
Alaska .................      4        5        303      532       3.0    4.1       1.7    1.9      44.6   51.9       8.9   15.2
Arizona ................     26       44      4,825    6,901       2.5    1.6      54.6   69.7      30.8   44.7      20.1   13.2
Arkansas ...............      4        9        813      621      43.5   48.5        .2    1.4      61.0   63.8      12.4   11.9
California .............    363      316     59,445   38,546       6.8    5.9      40.9   40.0      42.6   44.9      12.7   13.4
Colorado ...............     23       20      3,017    2,250       6.3    5.2      13.9   16.8      43.4   58.8      14.1   11.6
Connecticut ............     10       30      2,004    3,821      21.3    9.8      15.4    7.8      53.6   63.8      12.9   15.7
Delaware ...............      -        -          -        -         -      -         -      -         -      -         -      -
District of Columbia ...      3    ( 2 )        404    ( 2 )      51.7   47.8       8.4    2.8      47.0   85.5      18.8   16.9
Florida ................    113      140     21,757   18,931      19.9   28.1      19.6   26.3      48.0   47.9      17.4   17.6
Georgia ................     20       15      3,033    2,525      57.9   60.0        .7     .4      53.1   65.6      11.7   13.8
Hawaii .................     10        4      1,612      374        .4      -      50.2   12.0      63.9   46.0      22.3   38.5
Idaho ..................      8        -        557        -        .4      -       9.9      -      40.0      -      10.8      -

Illinois ...............    157      162     27,255   27,519      22.8   21.6      12.4    9.0      41.3   53.0      13.0   16.0
Indiana ................     29       41      3,433    4,518       5.4   24.7       8.9    3.9      33.7   66.6      12.6   18.7
Iowa ...................      9        5      1,718      410       1.3    1.0       3.0    1.2      71.3   41.7      17.1   15.9
Kansas .................      9       12      1,032    1,384      15.0   18.0       2.1    2.0      45.4   64.3      13.3   16.3
Kentucky ...............     24       22      2,226    2,325       5.1    5.9        .2     .1      43.4   53.2      15.1   17.3
Louisiana ..............     22       34      3,187    3,999      39.0   59.5       3.4    2.5      27.0   73.5       9.5   13.6
Maine ..................      8       14      1,317    1,456        .1     .4        .3     .1      46.5   45.3      13.5   10.2
Maryland ...............     17       14      2,092    1,425      40.1   55.8       1.1    1.3      46.7   65.1      14.1   15.3
Massachusetts ..........     41       51      6,438    7,125       6.0    8.2        .4    3.3      46.1   61.7      15.1   18.1
Michigan ...............     41       28      8,012    3,556      18.8   18.1       3.3    5.8      45.4   48.6      13.5   15.8
Minnesota ..............     41       31      6,381    5,192       4.1    5.8       2.6    2.3      33.8   58.9      14.4   17.0
Mississippi ............     17        7      2,010      673      67.1   64.0        .7     .7      51.3   63.2      14.8    9.8
Missouri ...............     26       54      2,684    7,574      11.8   27.5       2.0    1.8      45.6   68.0      15.6   23.6

Montana ................      6        4        610      284        .2     .7       2.0    2.8      25.2   57.0      16.6   15.8
Nebraska ...............      8    ( 2 )      1,094    ( 2 )      11.2    4.9       8.0    2.6      43.3   62.2      14.3   22.6
Nevada .................     26        5      4,300      551       9.7   28.1      26.6   19.4      54.6   69.9      15.9   15.2
New Hampshire ..........      5    ( 2 )        854    ( 2 )       1.6    2.5       3.0      -      45.0   27.2      16.7   11.1
New Jersey .............     54       68      9,169   13,225      17.3   20.1      15.4   13.4      50.0   64.4      20.9   27.1
New Mexico .............      6        7        916      582       1.7     .7      64.7   41.1      20.3   49.0      19.9   12.9
New York ...............     53       44     10,283    4,956       5.7    9.6       3.8    6.0      43.1   43.2      13.2   14.7
North Carolina .........     49       37      7,792    4,941      34.9   49.6       3.2    3.6      51.6   53.3      16.4   14.1
North Dakota ...........  ( 2 )        8      ( 2 )      890         -     .4         -    2.0      76.6   40.3      25.0   14.3
Ohio ...................     84       64     13,450    8,695      11.7   15.9       2.0    1.6      27.2   41.5      15.8   16.8
Oklahoma ...............      8        7      1,620      763      12.6   17.8      11.3    2.4      19.1   60.9      18.0   17.3
Oregon .................     26       30      5,121    4,370       2.0    2.8      14.6   13.6      39.4   45.7      15.6   18.0
Pennsylvania ...........     75      105     20,009   19,841       9.6    8.6       1.9    2.4      41.5   49.2      19.4   20.6

Rhode Island ...........      8        4        752      320       2.8    6.3      23.8   25.3      45.2   47.5      13.4   23.8
South Carolina .........     12        6      2,383      850      36.5   49.6        .3     .1      43.7   58.1       2.4    6.6
South Dakota ...........  ( 2 )    ( 2 )      ( 2 )    ( 2 )       3.1      -      10.7      -      31.1   65.8       6.6   20.3
Tennessee ..............     27       17      3,475    2,276      13.8   22.3         -      -      43.1   57.9      15.6   13.3
Texas ..................     95      108     28,191   28,081      20.0   22.0      32.7   35.0      42.9   40.1      10.6   10.2
Utah ...................     13        9      2,046      762       2.9    1.8       9.4   10.5      38.8   50.4      11.4    9.7
Vermont ................      5       11        630    1,029       1.3     .4       1.3     .1      30.5   44.6      17.1   17.8
Virginia ...............     29       25      5,111    3,836      49.1   42.6       1.1     .9      58.5   60.3      14.5   19.7
Washington .............     51       55     12,280    8,321       4.4    4.2      13.4   14.6      33.9   40.3      15.2   16.6
West Virginia ..........     10        5        950      540         -     .4         -      -      37.4   19.8      12.1   15.7
Wisconsin ..............     34       38      6,943    4,555       5.3   10.8       2.5    3.6      42.3   56.2      15.2   20.7
Wyoming ................  ( 2 )        -      ( 2 )        -         -      -      34.0      -      25.5      -      14.2      -

Puerto Rico ............     15       16      2,670    2,771     ( 3 )  ( 3 )     ( 3 )  ( 3 )      44.1   44.4      11.1    8.3

    1 See footnote 1, table 1.
    2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
    3 Data are not available. 
    p = preliminary.
    r = revised.
    NOTE:  Dash represents zero. 
   
   
   

Table 4. Census region and division: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment
insurance, selected quarters, 2001 and 2002
    
                                                                                                    Initial claimants for  
                                         Layoff events                    Separations               unemployment insurance  
    Census region and division           
                                    II         I        II          II         I        II           II        I       II   
                                   2001r     2002r     2002p       2001r     2002r     2002p        2001r    2002r    2002p 

        United States( 1 ) .....   2,072     1,749     1,754      481,886   333,501   392,338      401,168  313,686  256,338

Northeast ......................     336       259       328       70,515    51,612    61,605       77,514   51,456   51,854

    New England ................     143        77       111       31,339    14,667    23,799       25,021   11,995   13,832
    Middle Atlantic ............     193       182       217       39,176    36,945    37,806       52,493   39,461   38,022

South ..........................     513       486       478      115,469    89,077    97,251       95,915   94,737   75,887

    South Atlantic .............     267       253       245       57,344    47,296    46,531       43,355   43,522   33,481
    East South Central .........     104       104        75       18,575    19,470    13,377       13,498   17,404    8,942
    West South Central .........     142       129       158       39,550    22,311    37,343       39,062   33,811   33,464

Midwest ........................     549       441       449      165,600    73,757    95,786      126,033   72,355   65,124

    East North Central .........     425       345       333      143,865    59,878    73,205       96,207   59,093   48,843
    West North Central .........     124        96       116       21,735    13,879    22,581       29,826   13,262   16,281

West ...........................     674       563       499      130,302   119,055   137,696      101,706   95,138   63,473

    Mountain ...................     126       109        89       32,553    24,094    51,664       18,264   16,377   11,330
    Pacific ....................     548       454       410       97,749    94,961    86,032       83,442   78,761   52,143


    1 See footnote 1, table 1.
    p = preliminary.
    r = revised.
    NOTE:  The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic:
Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South
Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas: East North
Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North
Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska,
California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. 
   
   
   

Table 5. State distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance,
selected quarters, 2001 and 2002 
          
                                                                                                Initial claimants for  
                                    Layoff events                    Separations                unemployment insurance   
           State                      
                               II         I        II          II         I        II           II         I        II   
                              2001r     2002r     2002p       2001r     2002r     2002p        2001r     2002r     2002p 

    Total( 1 )  .........     2,072     1,749     1,754      481,886   333,501   392,338      401,168   313,686   256,338

Alabama .................        36        36        29        6,765     9,326     4,637        4,935     9,693     3,668
Alaska ..................         -         4         5            -       303       532            -       303       532
Arizona .................        46        26        44        8,109     5,125    24,509        8,833     4,825     6,901
Arkansas ................         8         4         9          929       899     1,185          696       813       621
California ..............       464       363       316       81,721    73,364    67,860       71,107    59,445    38,546
Colorado ................        36        23        20       15,573     5,046    21,620        4,355     3,017     2,250
Connecticut .............        19        10        30        6,673     2,175     6,184        2,779     2,004     3,821
Delaware ................         -         -         -            -         -         -            -         -         -
District of Columbia ....     ( 2 )         3     ( 2 )        ( 2 )       404     ( 2 )        ( 2 )       404     ( 2 )
Florida .................       132       113       140       30,826    23,527    26,469       19,395    21,757    18,931
Georgia .................        20        20        15        5,252     4,291     3,310        3,998     3,033     2,525
Hawaii ..................     ( 2 )        10         4        ( 2 )       904       378        ( 2 )     1,612       374
Idaho ...................        11         8         -        1,997       905         -        1,196       557         -

Illinois ................       159       157       162       47,247    33,892    44,855       36,548    27,255    27,519
Indiana .................        44        29        41       12,791     3,490    12,060       11,632     3,433     4,518
Iowa ....................        19         9         5        4,173     1,399       491        3,427     1,718       410
Kansas ..................        12         9        12        2,705     1,257     2,225        6,109     1,032     1,384
Kentucky ................        17        24        22        4,508     2,673     3,090        2,810     2,226     2,325
Louisiana ...............        26        22        34        2,683     4,574    12,047        2,802     3,187     3,999
Maine ...................        12         8        14        2,118     1,930     2,176        1,605     1,317     1,456
Maryland ................        11        17        14        1,551     2,703     2,317        1,264     2,092     1,425
Massachusetts ...........        78        41        51       13,514     8,299    14,054       14,746     6,438     7,125
Michigan ................       101        41        28       57,951     4,414     4,874       22,942     8,012     3,556
Minnesota ...............        45        41        31        6,617     6,085     8,765        7,270     6,381     5,192
Mississippi .............        26        17         7        3,796     3,118     1,165        2,640     2,010       673
Missouri ................        35        26        54        6,749     3,408     8,893       11,566     2,684     7,574

Montana .................         9         6         4        1,700       826       339        1,282       610       284
Nebraska ................     ( 2 )         8     ( 2 )        ( 2 )     1,235     ( 2 )        ( 2 )     1,094     ( 2 )
Nevada ..................         5        26         5          599     4,557       703          451     4,300       551
New Hampshire ...........        11         5     ( 2 )        4,786       675     ( 2 )        2,211       854     ( 2 )
New Jersey ..............        66        54        68       14,703     9,304    14,505       16,206     9,169    13,225
New Mexico ..............         9         6         7        2,492     1,224     1,181        1,187       916       582
New York ................        63        53        44       12,435     9,837     5,839       11,003    10,283     4,956
North Carolina ..........        59        49        37       11,472     9,577     8,112       11,105     7,792     4,941
North Dakota ............         7     ( 2 )         8          680     ( 2 )     1,547          680     ( 2 )       890
Ohio ....................        57        84        64       10,114    12,323     7,049       10,244    13,450     8,695
Oklahoma ................        17         8         7        5,005     1,315       962        5,068     1,620       763
Oregon ..................        38        26        30        5,512     5,459     4,905        5,512     5,121     4,370
Pennsylvania ............        64        75       105       12,038    17,804    17,462       25,284    20,009    19,841

Rhode Island ............        14         8         4        2,966       752       261        2,398       752       320
South Carolina ..........        16        12         6        1,425       928       380        2,178     2,383       850
South Dakota ............         5     ( 2 )     ( 2 )          591     ( 2 )     ( 2 )          645     ( 2 )     ( 2 )
Tennessee ...............        25        27        17        3,506     4,353     4,485        3,113     3,475     2,276
Texas ...................        91        95       108       30,933    15,523    23,149       30,496    28,191    28,081
Utah ....................        10        13         9        2,083     6,305     3,312          960     2,046       762
Vermont .................         9         5        11        1,282       836     1,029        1,282       630     1,029
Virginia ................        25        29        25        5,367     4,927     4,463        3,964     5,111     3,836
Washington ..............        43        51        55       10,164    14,931    12,357        6,471    12,280     8,321
West Virginia ...........     ( 2 )        10         5        ( 2 )       939       545        ( 2 )       950       540
Wisconsin ...............        64        34        38       15,762     5,759     4,367       14,841     6,943     4,555
Wyoming .................         -     ( 2 )         -            -     ( 2 )         -            -     ( 2 )         -

Puerto Rico .............        23        15        16        4,975     2,089     2,629        5,810     2,670     2,771

    1 See footnote 1, table 1.
    2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards.
    p = preliminary. 
    r = revised.
    NOTE:  Dash represents zero.