1

Summary 00-7

Occupational Wages in the New

England Census Division, 1997

This report provides estimates of occupational pay from the

1997 National Compensation Survey (NCS) in the New England census division. It highlights average (mean) hourly

pay for workers in six areas:

• Private industry and State and local government

• Metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas

• Selected occupations and major occupational groups

• Full- and part-time wages

• Bargaining status

• Size of establishment

Wages in the New England (NE) census division averaged

$16.96 per hour during 1997. Workers in metropolitan areas

in the NE region averaged $17.42 per hour, whereas hourly

pay of workers in nonmetropolitan areas averaged $13.75 per

hour. Nationwide, pay of all workers covered by the survey

averaged $15.09 an hour.

NCS summary reports are published for each of the nine

census regions: New England, Middle Atlantic, East North

Central, West North Central, South Atlantic, East South Central, West South Central, Mountain, and Pacific. Data also are

published for some individual localities. These summary reports are a new product of the National Compensation Survey

and may be useful to NCS data users in localities where separate NCS studies are not published.

Table 1 in this summary provides an overview of average

pay data for worker and establishment characteristics and geographic area by private industry and State and local government. For example, white-collar workers in private industry

averaged $20.06 per hour; blue-collar workers averaged

$12.27, and service workers, $8.31. Corresponding averages

in State and local government were $22.83, $15.61, and

$14.88. Generally, average hourly earnings for private industry workers were lower than for State and local government

workers. Part of this difference can be explained by differences in the occupational and industrial mix of the two sectors. In State and local government, for example, professional

specialty and technical occupations are proportionately more

prevalent than in private industry. With the exception of the

construction industry, few State and local government workers are in goods-producing industries.

Full-time workers in the NE region averaged $17.92 per

hour whereas part-time workers averaged $10.37. In metropolitan areas, pay of full-time workers averaged $18.34 an

hour, and part-time pay averaged $10.64. For workers in

nonmetropolitan areas, average hourly pay was $14.74 and

$9.09 for full- and part-time workers. NCS classifies employees as full or part time based on the employer's classification.

Workers in the largest establishments, those with 2,500 or

more employees, earned an average of $20.94. Workers in

the smallest establishments studied (50-99 employees) averaged $12.88.

Table 2 provides an overview of average pay data for

worker, establishment, and regional characteristics in

metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. For example, whitecollar workers in metropolitan areas averaged $20.85 per hour;

blue-collar workers averaged $13.10, and service workers,

$10.45. Corresponding averages in nonmetropolitan areas were

$18.35, $9.39, and $7.69. (See the Technical Note for

definitions of metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas.)

Among the nine census divisions, average earnings were

generally highest in the New England, Middle Atlantic, and

Pacific regions. Average earnings for all census divisions, and

for other characteristics, can be seen in tables 1 and 2.

Full-time, part-time, and combined average pay rates for

occupations in private industry and in State and local government are shown in tables 3, 4, and 5. These tables contain

wage rates and mean weekly hours for the individual occupations and for major occupational groups. Following is an example of average hourly earnings for combined full- and parttime workers within the occupational groups of white-collar,

blue-collar, and service workers. All registered nurses, for

example, averaged $20.98 per hour (table 3). Registered nurses

in private industry averaged $20.79 (table 4), whereas their

counterparts in State and local government averaged $22.80

per hour (table 5). Laborers, except construction, averaged

$8.90 in private industry and $13.80 in State and local government. Janitors and cleaners, a service occupation, averaged

$8.87 in private industry and $12.04 in State and local government.

In private industry, two white-collar occupations averaged

higher rates of pay for part-time workers than for full-time

workers. Full-time physical therapists averaged $22.74 per

hour in private industry whereas their part-time counterparts
2

averaged $30.17. Full-time social workers averaged $13.91

and part-time social workers averaged $15.94.

Earnings by occupational group and level are shown in

table 6. Generally, the levels tend to show higher pay at higher

work levels. The Bureau uses a generic leveling technique

with 10 criteria to assign a level to an occupation. The Technical Note has more information on generic leveling and generic leveling criteria. Table A in the Technical Note shows

the number of establishments studied in the NE census division by employment size; most companies were in the 100-

499 worker size class. It also shows the number of establishments represented. Table B in the Technical Note shows the

number of workers represented by the surveys in the New

England census division by major occupational groups such

as professional specialty and technical, sales, and transportation and material moving.
Table 1. Summary, New England: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours by selected characteristics, private industry

and State and local government, National Compensation Survey,2 1997

Worker and establishment characteristics,

and geographic areas

Total Private industry State and local government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error3

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error3

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error3

(percent)

Total ........................................................... $16.96 1.8 35.1 $16.29 2.1 35.0 $20.14 2.1 35.2

Worker characteristics:4

White-collar occupations5 ....................... 20.58 1.6 35.5 20.06 1.9 35.8 22.83 2.1 34.3

Professional specialty and technical ... 24.44 1.4 35.0 23.31 1.8 35.4 27.84 2.7 33.8

Executive, administrative, and

managerial ........................................ 28.54 2.5 39.6 28.96 2.9 40.2 26.24 3.3 36.6

Sales ................................................... 14.45 6.2 31.2 14.47 6.3 31.1 13.07 10.2 35.7

Administrative support ........................ 12.50 1.6 35.5 12.45 1.8 36.0 12.67 2.9 33.9

Blue-collar occupations5 ......................... 12.52 2.7 37.6 12.27 2.9 37.5 15.61 2.7 38.3

Precision production, craft, and repair 16.75 1.6 39.8 16.74 1.9 39.9 16.85 3.6 38.8

Machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors ......................................... 10.38 4.1 38.6 10.27 4.1 38.6 15.58 6.0 38.5

Transportation and material moving ... 14.08 3.4 37.2 13.82 3.6 37.1 15.93 5.2 38.0

Handlers, equipment cleaners,

helpers, and laborers ........................ 9.69 3.8 33.4 9.42 4.3 33.1 12.63 3.3 37.4

Service occupations5 .............................. 10.07 1.7 30.6 8.31 1.8 28.9 14.88 2.1 36.6

Full time .................................................. 17.92 1.8 39.1 17.30 2.1 39.5 20.59 2.0 37.5

Part time ................................................. 10.37 2.3 20.5 10.06 2.3 20.7 13.58 6.6 18.5

Union ...................................................... 18.41 1.4 35.2 15.31 2.4 33.9 20.44 2.1 36.1

Nonunion ................................................ 16.50 2.3 35.0 16.42 2.3 35.2 18.61 4.7 31.4

Time ........................................................ 16.96 1.8 35.1 16.27 2.1 35.1 20.14 2.1 35.2

Incentive ................................................. 17.37 10.0 34.0 17.37 10.0 34.0 – – –

Establishment characteristics:

Goods producing .................................... 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 16.63 3.3 39.5 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( )

Service producing ................................... 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 16.13 2.3 33.2 6 ( ) 6 ( ) 6 ( )

50-99 workers7 ....................................... 12.88 5.7 34.1 12.71 6.0 34.2 16.14 4.0 33.2

100-499 workers ..................................... 15.58 2.2 34.1 15.07 2.7 34.1 19.03 3.2 34.5

500-999 workers ..................................... 19.13 2.3 36.5 18.69 2.7 37.1 20.68 4.0 34.7

1000-2499 workers ................................. 20.54 4.0 36.5 20.31 4.6 36.9 21.56 6.2 34.8

2500 workers or more ............................. 20.94 2.2 36.6 20.97 3.2 36.5 20.90 2.3 36.6

Geographic areas:8

Metropolitan ............................................ 17.42 1.8 35.2 16.78 2.0 35.2 20.48 2.4 35.2

Nonmetropolitan ..................................... 13.75 5.3 34.0 12.83 7.9 33.7 17.88 1.6 35.3

New England .......................................... 16.96 1.8 35.1 16.29 2.1 35.0 20.14 2.1 35.2

Middle Atlantic ........................................ 17.42 1.5 35.7 16.47 1.7 35.8 21.25 1.5 35.5

East North Central .................................. 15.45 .9 36.2 14.85 1.0 36.3 18.51 1.3 35.8

West North Central ................................. 14.44 1.8 36.3 13.70 2.2 36.2 17.24 .8 36.8

South Atlantic ......................................... 13.73 1.4 37.0 13.20 1.8 36.7 15.47 1.4 37.9

East South Central ................................. 11.88 2.3 37.8 11.34 2.5 38.0 15.22 1.7 36.9

West South Central ................................ 13.82 1.0 37.2 13.45 1.2 37.0 14.96 1.3 37.8

Mountain ................................................. 14.04 1.9 36.5 12.97 2.6 36.4 17.42 1.9 36.5

Pacific ..................................................... 16.88 1.5 36.2 15.89 1.8 36.4 20.23 1.7 35.5

1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees.

They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded

are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses;

and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by

the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 In this census division, collection was conducted between December 1996

and April 1998. The average reference period was August 1997. 3 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a

percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a

sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see Technical Note. 4 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule

based on the definition used by each establishment. Union workers are those

whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. Wages of time workers

are based solely on hourly rate or salary; incentive workers are those whose wages

are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates,

commissions, and production bonuses. 5 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to

cover all workers in the civilian economy. See Technical Note for more information. 6 Classification of establishments into goods-producing and service-producing

industries applies to private industry only. 7 Establishments classified with 50-99 workers may contain establishments

with fewer than 50 due to staff reductions between survey sampling and collection. 8 Data are presented for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area divisions as

well as 9 census area divisions. See Technical Note for a list of survey areas in

each census area division and the States comprising the 9 census area divisions.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet

publication criteria. 

3
Table 2. Summary, New England: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours by selected characteristics, metropolitan and

nonmetropolitan areas,2 National Compensation Survey,3 1997

Worker and establishment characteristics,

and geographic areas

Total Metropolitan areas Nonmetropolitan areas

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error4

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error4

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error4

(percent)

Total ............................................................ $16.96 1.8 35.1 $17.42 1.8 35.2 $13.75 5.3 34.0

Private Industry ....................................... 16.29 2.1 35.0 16.78 2.0 35.2 12.83 7.9 33.7

State and local government .................... 20.14 2.1 35.2 20.48 2.4 35.2 17.88 1.6 35.3

Worker characteristics:5

White-collar occupations6 ....................... 20.58 1.6 35.5 20.85 1.8 35.4 18.35 1.2 35.9

Professional specialty and technical ... 24.44 1.4 35.0 24.89 1.7 35.0 21.14 .6 34.9

Executive, administrative, and

managerial ........................................ 28.54 2.5 39.6 29.00 2.8 39.5 24.81 1.5 40.4

Sales ................................................... 14.45 6.2 31.2 14.50 6.6 30.9 13.82 10.8 35.5

Administrative support ........................ 12.50 1.6 35.5 12.71 1.8 35.6 10.64 2.9 34.9

Blue-collar occupations6 ......................... 12.52 2.7 37.6 13.10 1.4 37.5 9.39 9.3 38.3

Precision production, craft, and repair 16.75 1.6 39.8 16.97 1.7 39.8 14.37 .7 39.2

Machine operators, assemblers, and

inspectors ......................................... 10.38 4.1 38.6 10.96 2.4 38.4 8.52 8.1 39.0

Transportation and material moving ... 14.08 3.4 37.2 14.10 3.4 37.2 – – –

Handlers, equipment cleaners,

helpers, and laborers ........................ 9.69 3.8 33.4 10.06 3.4 33.0 7.75 7.1 36.1

Service occupations6 .............................. 10.07 1.7 30.6 10.45 1.7 31.7 7.69 2.8 25.1

Full time .................................................. 17.92 1.8 39.1 18.34 1.7 39.1 14.74 6.5 39.5

Part time ................................................. 10.37 2.3 20.5 10.64 2.8 20.5 9.09 3.4 20.5

Union ...................................................... 18.41 1.4 35.2 18.44 1.5 35.0 18.05 3.1 36.5

Nonunion ................................................ 16.50 2.3 35.0 17.07 2.2 35.3 12.88 7.3 33.5

Time ........................................................ 16.96 1.8 35.1 17.42 1.8 35.2 13.77 5.3 34.0

Incentive ................................................. 17.37 10.0 34.0 17.58 10.1 34.2 – – –

Establishment characteristics:

Goods producing7 .................................. 16.63 3.3 39.5 17.28 2.3 39.5 12.86 14.6 39.6

Service producing7 ................................. 16.13 2.3 33.2 16.54 2.5 33.5 12.81 3.5 30.7

50-99 workers8 ....................................... 12.88 5.7 34.1 14.11 4.7 33.9 9.32 6.3 34.8

100-499 workers ..................................... 15.58 2.2 34.1 15.78 2.5 34.6 14.00 4.7 30.9

500-999 workers ..................................... 19.13 2.3 36.5 18.72 2.8 36.2 21.13 .5 38.4

1000-2499 workers ................................. 20.54 4.0 36.5 20.54 4.0 36.5 – – –

2500 workers or more ............................. 20.94 2.2 36.6 21.14 2.1 36.5 – – –

Geographic areas:9

New England .......................................... 16.96 1.8 35.1 17.42 1.8 35.2 13.75 5.3 34.0

Middle Atlantic ........................................ 17.42 1.5 35.7 17.75 1.3 35.7 12.22 7.4 36.1

East North Central .................................. 15.45 .9 36.2 15.90 1.0 36.2 12.98 1.3 36.4

West North Central ................................. 14.44 1.8 36.3 15.40 2.2 36.3 11.82 3.7 36.2

South Atlantic ......................................... 13.73 1.4 37.0 14.17 1.7 36.9 11.56 4.0 37.4

East South Central ................................. 11.88 2.3 37.8 13.60 1.6 37.0 10.22 3.7 38.7

West South Central ................................ 13.82 1.0 37.2 14.13 1.2 37.2 11.88 4.0 37.3

Mountain ................................................. 14.04 1.9 36.5 14.17 2.4 36.4 13.51 2.4 36.6

Pacific ..................................................... 16.88 1.5 36.2 17.06 1.5 36.2 13.37 2.9 36.1

1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees.

They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded

are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses;

and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by

the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 Metropolitan areas can be a Metropolitan Statistical Area or Consolidated

Metropolitan Statistical Area as defined by the Office of Management and Budget,

1994. Nonmetropolitan areas are counties that do not fit the definitions above. For

more information, see Technical Note. 3 In this census division, collection was conducted between December 1996

and April 1998. The average reference period was August 1997. 4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a

percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a

sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see Technical Note. 5 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule

based on the definition used by each establishment. Union workers are those

whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. Wages of time workers

are based solely on hourly rate or salary; incentive workers are those whose wages

are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates,

commissions, and production bonuses. 6 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to

cover all workers in the civilian economy. See Technical Note for more information. 7 Classification of establishments into goods-producing and service-producing

industries applies to private industry only. 8 Establishments classified with 50-99 workers may contain establishments

with fewer than 50 workers due to reduction in staff from the time of sampling to

data collection. 9 See Technical Note for a list of survey areas in each census area division and

the States comprising the 9 census area divisions.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet

publication criteria. 

4
Table 3. Selected occupations, New England: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours for full-time and part-time workers,2 National

Compensation Survey,3 1997

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

All .......................................................................................... $16.96 1.8 35.1 $17.92 1.8 39.1 $10.37 2.3 20.5

All excluding sales ......................................................... 17.13 1.8 35.4 17.91 1.8 39.1 11.03 2.5 20.3

White collar ...................................................................... 20.58 1.6 35.5 21.55 1.6 38.8 13.12 2.9 21.3

White collar excluding sales ...................................... 21.28 1.5 36.1 21.85 1.5 38.7 15.62 2.5 21.4

Professional specialty and technical ......................... 24.44 1.4 35.0 25.16 1.4 38.3 19.14 2.8 21.3

Professional specialty ................................................ 26.45 1.6 34.7 27.28 1.5 38.0 20.35 3.3 21.0

Engineers, architects, and surveyors ..................... 29.00 2.0 39.9 29.01 2.0 40.0 – – –

Aerospace engineers ......................................... 33.26 6.9 40.4 33.26 6.9 40.4 – – –

Chemical engineers ........................................... 26.44 9.4 40.0 26.44 9.4 40.0 – – –

Civil engineers ................................................... 26.43 7.9 37.9 26.43 8.0 38.6 – – –

Electrical and electronic engineers .................... 31.02 3.2 40.1 31.02 3.2 40.1 – – –

Industrial engineers ........................................... 26.22 4.3 40.6 26.22 4.3 40.6 – – –

Mechanical engineers ........................................ 26.77 4.9 40.4 26.77 4.9 40.4 – – –

Engineers, n.e.c. ................................................ 30.07 2.8 39.7 30.07 2.8 39.7 – – –

Mathematical and computer scientists ................... 27.86 2.9 39.2 27.85 2.9 39.4 – – –

Computer systems analysts and scientists ........ 28.37 3.4 39.1 28.36 3.4 39.4 – – –

Operations and systems researchers and

analysts ............................................................ 25.29 4.2 39.4 25.29 4.2 39.4 – – –

Natural scientists ................................................... 28.59 7.6 37.7 28.50 7.7 38.9 – – –

Physicists and astronomers ............................... 42.36 5.6 40.0 42.36 5.6 40.0 – – –

Chemists, except biochemists ........................... 25.22 17.2 39.0 25.22 17.2 39.0 – – –

Medical scientists ............................................... 26.13 12.9 35.9 25.68 13.4 39.6 – – –

Health related ........................................................ 23.07 4.3 32.1 23.99 3.8 38.8 21.12 7.5 23.4

Physicians .......................................................... 44.95 16.2 40.0 44.59 19.3 43.9 – – –

Registered nurses .............................................. 20.98 3.4 31.1 21.61 2.0 38.2 19.96 7.3 23.8

Pharmacists ....................................................... 25.40 2.8 34.5 25.90 3.6 40.1 – – –

Dietitians ............................................................ 17.88 4.9 27.4 – – – – – –

Respiratory therapists ........................................ 19.07 3.0 34.6 19.11 3.3 39.5 – – –

Occupational therapists ..................................... 26.17 7.4 35.2 25.68 8.2 38.1 – – –

Physical therapists ............................................. 24.11 10.1 32.3 22.74 9.8 39.6 30.17 9.0 17.7

Speech therapists .............................................. 29.86 9.8 35.6 29.86 9.8 35.6 – – –

Therapists, n.e.c. ............................................... 18.92 10.0 33.9 15.79 7.1 39.5 – – –

Physicians’ assistants ........................................ 27.95 3.4 40.5 – – – – – –

Teachers, college and university ........................... 36.57 2.4 33.7 37.35 2.6 37.1 26.38 14.4 15.4

Engineering teachers ......................................... 43.69 14.1 27.3 – – – – – –

Mathematical science teachers ......................... 36.93 27.3 32.5 – – – – – –

Medical science teachers .................................. 42.18 5.5 34.7 43.28 3.9 37.5 – – –

Health specialities teachers ............................... 29.39 6.8 30.0 31.34 6.1 36.1 – – –

Business, commerce, and marketing teachers .. 48.54 15.7 35.7 48.90 16.1 36.9 – – –

Art, drama, and music teachers ......................... 32.20 7.1 34.6 33.11 6.6 35.9 – – –

Education teachers ............................................ 41.70 14.5 35.6 42.48 13.3 36.8 – – –

English teachers ................................................ 39.01 8.4 35.6 39.24 8.5 35.9 – – –

Foreign language teachers ................................ 33.99 11.2 37.4 33.99 11.2 37.4 – – –

Trade and industrial teachers ............................ 27.04 4.6 36.7 – – – – – –

Teachers, post secondary, subject not specified 31.85 8.5 31.7 33.48 7.4 35.1 – – –

Teachers, post secondary, n.e.c. ....................... 33.78 2.2 34.8 34.07 2.0 38.8 – – –

Teachers, except college and university ................ 29.26 3.3 32.0 29.91 3.4 34.9 19.66 9.6 14.3

Prekindergarten and kindergarten ..................... 22.78 13.7 32.7 23.55 15.9 36.2 – – –

Elementary school teachers .............................. 30.83 3.0 34.3 30.83 3.0 34.5 – – –

Secondary school teachers ............................... 28.72 4.7 34.6 28.84 4.8 35.2 21.99 6.6 17.7

Teachers, special education .............................. 29.25 6.7 35.6 29.14 6.7 35.8 – – –

Teachers, n.e.c. ................................................. 32.44 11.3 26.0 34.26 11.2 33.8 24.15 12.3 12.7

Substitute teachers ............................................ 8.53 10.2 12.2 – – – 7.76 6.7 10.7

Vocational and educational counselors ............. 27.34 7.0 32.0 28.16 11.5 36.4 25.47 15.9 25.1

Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................ 21.63 9.7 33.7 21.98 9.5 37.3 17.90 18.6 16.6

Librarians ........................................................... 21.77 10.0 36.0 21.94 10.1 37.4 19.44 19.2 23.5

Social scientists and urban planners ..................... 20.30 12.2 30.3 22.37 8.5 36.0 – – –

Economists ........................................................ 20.08 12.7 39.4 20.08 12.7 39.4 – – –

Psychologists ..................................................... – – – 21.00 14.8 33.9 – – –

Social, recreation, and religious workers ............... 16.14 3.6 33.0 16.26 3.9 37.6 15.38 4.8 18.6

Social workers ................................................... 16.40 3.8 33.7 16.46 4.1 37.5 15.97 6.4 19.7

Recreation workers ............................................ 12.60 7.6 25.2 – – – 12.13 9.7 14.5

Lawyers and judges ............................................... 32.42 5.3 39.5 32.42 5.3 39.6 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.

5
Table 3. Selected occupations, New England: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours for full-time and part-time workers,2 National

Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Professional specialty –Continued

Lawyers and judges –Continued

Lawyers ............................................................. $31.61 6.0 39.6 $31.60 6.0 39.7 – – –

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and

professionals, n.e.c. ............................................. 21.32 5.8 36.9 21.79 5.8 39.1 $15.40 13.3 21.6

Technical writers ................................................ 23.93 10.9 36.6 24.01 11.7 40.1 – – –

Designers ........................................................... 23.69 10.2 39.1 23.93 10.2 39.8 – – –

Editors and reporters ......................................... 21.08 14.0 37.6 21.08 14.0 37.6 – – –

Public relations specialists ................................. 20.25 10.5 39.7 20.38 11.3 40.0 – – –

Athletes .............................................................. 15.82 21.1 24.1 – – – – – –

Professional, n.e.c. ............................................ 21.89 11.9 36.7 24.40 8.3 38.9 – – –

Technical ................................................................... 17.23 2.1 36.1 17.54 2.3 39.4 15.00 3.6 22.6

Clinical laboratory technologists and

technicians ....................................................... 15.56 4.1 34.1 15.88 4.7 39.0 13.95 3.1 21.0

Radiological technicians .................................... 19.07 4.8 31.2 19.54 4.4 40.0 18.30 7.4 22.8

Licensed practical nurses .................................. 15.34 3.2 30.9 15.67 2.1 38.7 14.86 5.5 24.0

Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c. ...... 14.68 6.5 34.6 14.95 7.4 39.4 13.23 9.1 21.1

Electrical and electronic technicians .................. 17.61 2.5 39.5 17.67 2.5 39.5 – – –

Mechanical engineering technicians .................. 20.02 7.8 39.7 20.02 7.8 39.7 – – –

Engineering technicians, n.e.c. .......................... 19.34 5.2 39.8 19.46 5.2 39.8 – – –

Drafters .............................................................. 17.70 3.5 39.5 17.73 3.6 40.1 – – –

Chemical technicians ......................................... 18.00 2.9 40.0 18.00 2.9 40.0 – – –

Science technicians, n.e.c. ................................ 15.93 3.3 38.4 15.94 3.5 39.4 – – –

Computer programmers ..................................... 21.62 6.0 38.1 21.71 6.1 39.5 – – –

Legal assistants ................................................. 19.04 11.9 38.3 19.04 11.9 38.3 – – –

Technical and related, n.e.c. .............................. 18.40 6.2 38.3 18.40 6.3 39.5 – – –

Executive, administrative, and managerial ............... 28.54 2.5 39.6 28.61 2.5 40.1 22.66 8.9 20.2

Executives, administrators, and managers ............ 33.40 3.2 39.9 33.46 3.2 40.3 27.51 13.7 18.8

Legislators ......................................................... 25.84 4.7 23.6 – – – – – –

Administrators and officials, public

administration .................................................. 26.04 8.5 36.5 26.00 8.5 38.0 – – –

Financial managers ........................................... 31.97 6.6 40.1 32.07 6.6 40.3 – – –

Personnel and labor relations managers ........... 30.48 17.2 40.7 30.48 17.2 40.7 – – –

Purchasing managers ........................................ 30.16 7.3 41.1 30.16 7.3 41.1 – – –

Managers, marketing, advertising, and public

relations ........................................................... 38.01 6.1 40.9 38.01 6.1 40.9 – – –

Administrators, education and related fields ...... 32.94 4.3 37.5 33.21 4.3 38.7 – – –

Managers, medicine and health ......................... 28.10 8.0 40.0 28.44 8.1 40.4 – – –

Managers, food servicing and lodging

establishments ................................................. 18.29 15.0 41.1 18.29 15.0 41.1 – – –

Managers, service organizations, n.e.c. ............ 21.62 10.9 39.8 21.62 10.9 39.8 – – –

Managers and administrators, n.e.c. ................. 37.83 6.6 40.8 37.79 6.6 40.9 – – –

Management related .............................................. 20.86 2.0 39.1 20.90 2.1 39.7 18.52 7.6 21.6

Accountants and auditors .................................. 19.37 3.4 38.5 19.36 3.4 39.4 – – –

Underwriters ...................................................... 21.99 9.0 38.5 21.99 9.0 38.5 – – –

Other financial officers ....................................... 23.44 4.7 39.4 23.46 4.7 39.6 – – –

Management analysts ........................................ 25.98 11.7 40.7 26.00 11.9 41.6 – – –

Personnel, training, and labor relations

specialists ........................................................ 19.57 5.0 39.8 19.59 5.1 39.9 – – –

Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm

products ........................................................... 31.02 20.3 40.8 31.02 20.3 40.8 – – –

Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c. ............... 18.96 7.7 39.8 18.96 7.7 39.8 – – –

Construction inspectors ..................................... 18.42 15.4 33.1 22.26 5.5 40.2 – – –

Inspectors and compliance officers, except

construction ..................................................... 20.57 5.8 36.8 20.84 6.2 38.2 – – –

Management related, n.e.c. ............................... 20.76 3.8 39.6 20.66 3.9 39.9 – – –

Sales ............................................................................. 14.45 6.2 31.2 18.03 6.1 40.1 6.75 2.8 21.1

Supervisors, sales ............................................. 18.73 9.5 43.1 18.76 9.5 43.1 – – –

Insurance sales .................................................. 27.20 13.2 38.8 27.20 13.2 38.8 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.

6
Table 3. Selected occupations, New England: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours for full-time and part-time workers,2 National

Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Sales –Continued

Advertising and related sales ............................. $27.04 13.6 39.9 $27.64 14.1 40.7 – – –

Sales, other business services .......................... 23.30 20.6 39.8 23.30 20.6 39.8 – – –

Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing,

and wholesale .................................................. 29.41 9.0 40.7 29.41 9.0 40.7 – – –

Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats .......... 25.01 21.4 42.2 25.01 21.4 42.2 – – –

Sales workers, apparel ...................................... 6.80 3.1 29.7 – – – – – –

Sales workers, other commodities ..................... 10.44 10.0 28.6 12.31 10.7 37.7 $6.99 4.7 19.7

Sales counter clerks .......................................... 9.27 6.7 29.3 – – – – – –

Cashiers ............................................................. 7.11 4.1 24.1 9.08 7.1 38.6 6.39 2.8 21.2

Sales support, n.e.c. .......................................... 12.40 13.8 37.6 12.60 14.8 40.5 – – –

Administrative support, including clerical ................ 12.50 1.6 35.5 12.81 1.7 38.4 9.80 2.6 21.7

Supervisors, general office ................................ 18.33 5.4 37.0 17.75 4.8 39.1 – – –

Supervisors, financial records processing ......... 17.93 5.7 39.4 17.93 5.7 39.4 – – –

Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and

adjusting clerks ................................................ 19.37 5.7 39.0 19.37 5.7 39.0 – – –

Computer operators ........................................... 15.29 3.7 36.7 15.53 3.8 38.2 – – –

Secretaries ......................................................... 14.36 1.5 36.8 14.53 1.6 38.4 11.75 3.4 22.4

Typists ............................................................... 12.14 3.5 34.5 12.37 3.2 37.1 – – –

Interviewers ....................................................... 11.28 3.2 28.1 11.50 4.6 39.2 10.97 3.7 20.3

Hotel clerks ........................................................ 9.05 4.4 32.7 9.11 5.1 37.1 – – –

Transportation ticket and reservation agents ..... 13.26 2.9 38.0 13.85 5.3 40.0 – – –

Receptionists ..................................................... 9.98 2.4 32.8 10.20 2.9 38.5 9.24 2.3 21.6

Information clerks, n.e.c. .................................... 12.55 9.8 35.6 12.80 10.9 37.6 – – –

Correspondence clerks ...................................... 12.04 6.4 34.6 12.09 6.4 37.8 – – –

Order clerks ....................................................... 11.86 6.0 36.3 12.51 5.0 39.4 7.65 5.9 23.7

Personnel clerks, except payroll and

timekeeping ..................................................... 12.21 6.7 32.4 13.71 4.5 38.7 8.10 7.7 22.5

Library clerks ..................................................... 11.68 6.4 29.8 11.93 7.8 35.8 10.72 4.3 18.4

File clerks ........................................................... 7.81 9.4 34.1 – – – – – –

Records clerks, n.e.c. ........................................ 11.70 5.0 35.4 11.87 5.0 38.2 10.31 17.0 22.3

Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ... 12.40 1.9 36.6 12.55 2.1 38.9 10.08 8.9 18.8

Payroll and timekeeping clerks .......................... 12.89 4.7 36.8 12.97 4.9 38.5 – – –

Billing clerks ....................................................... 9.49 8.2 33.1 10.50 6.5 39.6 – – –

Duplicating machine operators .......................... 10.41 7.5 32.7 10.37 8.0 40.0 – – –

Telephone operators .......................................... 9.68 5.3 32.9 10.16 6.0 39.0 7.87 4.8 20.7

Mail clerks, except postal service ...................... 8.71 3.7 26.3 9.38 6.0 38.2 – – –

Dispatchers ........................................................ 12.12 15.9 34.3 12.78 13.1 40.4 – – –

Production coordinators ..................................... 15.85 5.3 38.1 15.99 5.1 39.8 – – –

Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ................. 11.55 6.1 38.5 12.29 4.2 39.9 7.42 9.2 32.4

Stock and inventory clerks ................................. 12.80 2.9 37.4 13.12 2.5 39.2 – – –

Expeditors .......................................................... 11.11 4.8 34.9 – – – – – –

Material recording, scheduling, and distribution

clerks, n.e.c. ..................................................... 11.96 5.1 36.2 12.19 5.0 39.9 – – –

Insurance adjusters, examiners, and

investigators ..................................................... 15.78 4.1 37.9 15.74 4.1 38.0 – – –

Investigators and adjusters, except insurance ... 12.21 4.0 35.8 12.34 3.9 39.3 11.30 7.3 22.1

Bill and account collectors ................................. 13.24 3.9 39.7 13.26 4.3 39.7 – – –

General office clerks .......................................... 11.91 1.8 35.2 12.14 1.7 37.7 9.93 9.7 22.1

Data entry keyers ............................................... 10.61 4.8 36.0 10.80 4.9 38.3 8.29 5.3 20.8

Statistical clerks ................................................. 13.11 4.5 34.4 13.73 2.5 38.4 – – –

Teachers’ aides ................................................. 9.31 4.9 32.9 9.18 4.8 34.3 10.82 10.0 22.5

Administrative support, n.e.c. ............................ 12.44 6.0 35.0 12.94 6.8 38.5 8.16 16.0 19.7

Blue collar ........................................................................ 12.52 2.7 37.6 12.80 2.7 39.9 7.40 3.7 18.3

Precision production, craft, and repair ...................... 16.75 1.6 39.8 16.75 1.6 40.0 17.85 14.0 14.5

Supervisors, mechanics and repairers .............. 23.03 4.3 40.2 23.03 4.3 40.2 – – –

Automobile mechanics ....................................... 17.36 6.7 40.6 17.36 6.7 40.6 – – –

Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics .... 19.01 6.5 41.3 19.01 6.5 41.3 – – –

Industrial machinery repairers ........................... 15.76 2.9 40.0 15.76 2.9 40.0 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.

7
Table 3. Selected occupations, New England: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours for full-time and part-time workers,2 National

Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Precision production, craft, and repair –Continued

Electronic repairers, communications and

industrial equipment ......................................... $13.68 11.6 34.2 $13.45 11.8 38.3 – – –

Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c. ......................... 17.39 4.2 39.3 17.39 4.2 39.3 – – –

Supervisors, construction trades, n.e.c. ............. 17.36 3.3 39.0 17.06 2.9 39.3 – – –

Carpenters ......................................................... 18.70 6.0 39.4 18.70 6.0 39.4 – – –

Electricians ........................................................ 19.15 7.5 40.0 19.15 7.5 40.0 – – –

Electrical power installers and repairers ............ 23.29 2.7 40.0 23.29 2.7 40.0 – – –

Painters, construction and maintenance ............ 16.42 6.6 40.0 16.42 6.6 40.0 – – –

Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ............... 17.01 8.9 40.0 17.01 8.9 40.0 – – –

Construction trades, n.e.c. ................................. 13.43 9.7 39.9 13.43 9.7 39.9 – – –

Supervisors, production ..................................... 17.76 4.0 40.6 17.76 4.0 40.6 – – –

Tool and die makers .......................................... 16.59 3.8 40.0 16.59 3.8 40.0 – – –

Precision assemblers, metal .............................. 13.82 5.2 40.0 13.82 5.2 40.0 – – –

Machinists .......................................................... 17.03 2.9 40.0 17.03 2.9 40.0 – – –

Sheet metal workers .......................................... 14.51 7.3 40.0 14.51 7.3 40.0 – – –

Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers 11.82 4.5 39.8 11.84 4.5 40.0 – – –

Butchers and meat cutters ................................. 12.19 9.7 38.2 12.07 9.8 40.0 – – –

Inspectors, testers, and graders ........................ 12.67 10.8 39.5 12.67 10.9 39.6 – – –

Water and sewer treatment plant operators ...... 18.02 2.4 40.0 18.02 2.4 40.0 – – –

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..... 10.38 4.1 38.6 10.46 3.8 39.9 $6.22 8.7 14.2

Lathe and turning machine operators ................ 13.07 10.9 40.0 13.07 10.9 40.0 – – –

Milling and planing machine operators .............. 12.16 9.3 40.0 12.16 9.3 40.0 – – –

Punching and stamping press operators ........... 9.47 3.4 39.6 9.46 3.5 40.0 – – –

Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing

machine operators ........................................... 8.08 7.8 40.0 8.08 7.8 40.0 – – –

Numerical control machine operators ................ 11.96 8.7 40.0 11.96 8.7 40.0 – – –

Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c. ............... 12.05 5.3 40.0 12.05 5.3 40.0 – – –

Molding and casting machine operators ............ 9.97 6.0 39.9 9.97 6.0 39.9 – – –

Metal plating machine operators ........................ 12.22 7.6 41.6 12.22 7.6 41.6 – – –

Heat treating equipment operators .................... 12.69 5.4 40.0 12.69 5.4 40.0 – – –

Printing press operators ..................................... 14.33 5.3 39.6 14.33 5.3 39.6 – – –

Photoengravers and lithographers ..................... 13.54 13.9 39.8 13.54 13.9 39.8 – – –

Typesetters and compositors ............................. 9.96 11.5 36.4 – – – – – –

Winding and twisting machine operators ........... 9.19 2.1 40.0 9.19 2.1 40.0 – – –

Knitting, looping, taping, and weaving machine

operators .......................................................... 9.77 2.9 40.0 9.77 2.9 40.0 – – –

Textile sewing machine operators ..................... 9.65 6.0 40.0 9.65 6.0 40.0 – – –

Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators 7.16 9.4 35.0 7.13 10.2 39.9 – – –

Cementing and gluing machine operators ......... 12.16 2.8 40.0 12.16 2.8 40.0 – – –

Packaging and filling machine operators ........... 9.42 11.6 39.8 9.42 11.6 39.8 – – –

Extruding and forming machine operators ......... 10.50 10.1 38.2 10.50 10.1 38.2 – – –

Mixing and blending machine operators ............ 11.86 8.9 40.0 11.86 8.9 40.0 – – –

Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine

operators .......................................................... 14.46 4.1 40.0 14.46 4.1 40.0 – – –

Compressing and compacting machine

operators .......................................................... 9.91 12.8 33.4 – – – – – –

Painting and paint spraying machine operators 10.13 4.1 40.1 10.13 4.1 40.1 – – –

Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food 13.66 4.1 38.6 13.66 4.1 38.6 – – –

Slicing and cutting machine operators ............... 8.46 14.7 40.0 8.46 14.7 40.0 – – –

Miscellaneous machine operators, n.e.c. .......... 9.80 7.0 38.9 9.98 5.8 40.0 – – –

Welders and cutters ........................................... 14.86 3.0 40.1 14.86 3.0 40.1 – – –

Assemblers ........................................................ 9.52 3.0 34.5 9.65 2.8 40.0 – – –

Miscellaneous hand working, n.e.c. ................... 9.93 9.7 40.3 9.93 9.7 40.3 – – –

Production inspectors, checkers and examiners 10.91 4.6 39.9 10.91 4.6 39.9 – – –

Production testers .............................................. 11.61 3.7 40.0 11.61 3.7 40.0 – – –

Transportation and material moving ......................... 14.08 3.4 37.2 14.41 3.3 39.8 9.44 8.9 19.2

Truck drivers ...................................................... 14.05 4.1 38.3 14.33 4.1 39.9 7.86 6.1 20.2

Driver-sales workers .......................................... 13.98 14.9 40.1 13.98 14.9 40.1 – – –

Bus drivers ......................................................... 13.78 5.4 33.2 14.42 6.0 39.5 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.

8
Table 3. Selected occupations, New England: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours for full-time and part-time workers,2 National

Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Transportation and material moving –Continued

Supervisors, material moving equipment ........... $16.28 9.5 41.9 $16.28 9.5 41.9 – – –

Excavating and loading machine operators ....... 23.88 4.0 40.0 23.88 4.0 40.0 – – –

Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators 12.05 8.3 39.2 12.05 8.3 39.2 – – –

Miscellaneous material moving equipment

operators, n.e.c. ............................................... 12.61 6.2 40.0 12.61 6.2 40.0 – – –

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ....................................................................... 9.69 3.8 33.4 10.28 4.5 39.7 $7.03 2.2 19.5

Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm ... 10.80 5.9 35.0 11.56 4.1 40.0 8.39 5.1 25.0

Supervisors, handlers, equipment cleaners, and

laborers, n.e.c. ................................................. 16.07 1.9 39.2 – – – – – –

Construction laborers ......................................... 14.15 10.3 39.7 14.14 10.3 40.0 – – –

Production helpers ............................................. 8.02 21.5 39.7 8.02 21.5 39.7 – – –

Stock handlers and baggers .............................. 8.42 3.7 28.8 9.68 4.1 39.1 6.23 1.8 19.8

Machine feeders and offbearers ........................ 8.16 15.7 36.8 8.28 16.8 40.0 – – –

Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c. ...... 10.61 5.2 33.5 10.77 6.4 39.9 – – –

Garage and service station related .................... 8.42 12.4 20.4 – – – – – –

Hand packers and packagers ............................ 7.99 4.0 31.2 8.50 3.8 39.7 5.92 4.4 16.6

Laborers, except construction, n.e.c. ................. 9.44 4.3 35.8 9.82 5.5 39.9 7.36 4.0 22.8

Service .............................................................................. 10.07 1.7 30.6 11.27 2.0 38.9 7.01 1.6 19.8

Protective service .................................................. 14.42 3.8 36.3 15.21 3.6 39.9 7.69 4.7 20.2

Supervisors, firefighters and fire prevention ...... 20.88 2.9 41.7 20.88 2.9 41.7 – – –

Supervisors, police and detectives .................... 23.04 6.8 39.7 23.04 6.8 39.7 – – –

Supervisors, guards ........................................... 15.86 9.6 36.7 16.08 8.8 38.4 – – –

Firefighting ......................................................... 16.69 2.8 43.3 16.69 2.8 43.5 – – –

Police and detectives, public service ................. 17.34 1.9 38.5 17.52 2.0 39.4 – – –

Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement

officers ............................................................. 16.03 7.4 39.5 16.10 7.6 39.6 – – –

Crossing guards ................................................. 9.44 7.3 16.2 – – – 9.44 7.3 16.2

Guards and police, except public service .......... 8.59 3.8 33.6 8.99 4.3 39.1 7.12 4.0 22.3

Protective service, n.e.c. .................................... 7.88 7.1 19.4 – – – 7.99 9.9 17.0

Food service .......................................................... 7.30 2.9 27.2 8.56 3.6 38.5 5.51 2.1 19.2

Supervisors, food preparation and service ........ 12.87 3.8 40.2 13.12 3.5 43.0 – – –

Bartenders ......................................................... 5.89 9.8 25.1 – – – 5.17 15.4 19.3

Waiters and waitresses ...................................... 3.89 16.5 24.3 4.92 23.4 37.5 2.94 4.4 18.3

Cooks ................................................................. 9.50 2.7 30.7 9.83 3.5 37.8 8.64 2.7 20.7

Food counter, fountain, and related ................... 7.88 10.4 24.8 – – – 7.99 12.7 23.1

Kitchen workers, food preparation ..................... 7.77 5.4 30.7 8.31 6.0 38.1 6.57 7.6 21.3

Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ......................... 5.30 4.3 20.2 – – – 5.02 6.1 14.9

Food preparation, n.e.c. ..................................... 7.29 2.8 25.5 8.17 3.5 38.2 6.48 2.6 19.4

Health service ........................................................ 9.62 1.0 29.9 9.83 1.4 38.7 9.11 1.2 19.2

Health aides, except nursing ............................. 9.96 3.0 22.9 10.31 4.3 39.0 9.34 4.4 13.2

Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ............ 9.52 1.1 31.8 9.71 1.4 38.6 9.02 1.4 21.8

Cleaning and building service ................................ 9.76 2.9 33.6 10.38 3.0 38.5 7.51 2.9 22.9

Supervisors, cleaning and building service

workers ............................................................ 15.74 7.8 38.9 16.65 5.8 39.5 – – –

Maids and housemen ........................................ 7.51 3.6 33.4 7.38 3.5 36.6 8.41 15.3 21.5

Janitors and cleaners ......................................... 9.85 3.2 33.4 10.61 3.4 38.9 7.37 2.6 22.8

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 3. Selected occupations, New England: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours for full-time and part-time workers,2 National

Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Service –Continued

Personal service .................................................... $9.58 7.3 25.4 $11.93 10.9 36.6 $7.45 4.0 19.9

Supervisors, personal service ............................ 13.55 7.3 38.2 – – – – – –

Attendants, amusement, and recreation

facilities ............................................................ 6.83 12.3 18.5 – – – 6.83 12.3 18.5

Welfare service aides ........................................ 10.02 6.2 22.4 11.33 4.5 39.5 8.59 10.1 15.2

Early childhood teachers’ assistants .................. – – – 9.42 6.3 36.3 – – –

Child care workers, n.e.c. .................................. 7.66 6.6 27.1 8.56 7.6 39.8 6.83 3.8 21.0

Service, n.e.c. .................................................... 9.11 4.5 27.2 9.78 4.1 38.7 8.56 7.4 21.8

1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They

include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium

pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is

computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,

weighted by hours. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as

working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each

establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered

a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where

a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 In this census division, collection was conducted between December 1996 and April

1998. The average reference period was August 1997. 4 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all

workers in the civilian economy. For more information, see Technical Note. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the

estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For

more information about RSEs, see Technical Note.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication

criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may

include data for categories not shown separately. 

10
Table 4. Selected occupations, New England, private industry: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers,2 National

Compensation Survey,3 1997

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

All .......................................................................................... $16.29 2.1 35.0 $17.30 2.1 39.5 $10.06 2.3 20.7

All excluding sales ......................................................... 16.44 2.1 35.4 17.26 2.1 39.5 10.73 2.4 20.6

White collar ...................................................................... 20.06 1.9 35.8 21.10 1.8 39.5 12.79 3.0 21.7

White collar excluding sales ...................................... 20.85 1.8 36.6 21.43 1.7 39.4 15.57 2.5 22.0

Professional specialty and technical ......................... 23.31 1.8 35.4 23.96 1.8 39.2 19.19 2.8 21.8

Professional specialty ................................................ 25.59 2.1 35.0 26.46 1.9 39.1 20.44 3.6 21.5

Engineers, architects, and surveyors ..................... 29.10 2.2 40.2 29.11 2.2 40.3 – – –

Aerospace engineers ......................................... 33.26 6.9 40.4 33.26 6.9 40.4 – – –

Chemical engineers ........................................... 26.44 9.4 40.0 26.44 9.4 40.0 – – –

Civil engineers ................................................... 22.94 14.8 39.6 22.79 15.4 42.0 – – –

Electrical and electronic engineers .................... 31.02 3.2 40.1 31.02 3.2 40.1 – – –

Industrial engineers ........................................... 26.22 4.3 40.6 26.22 4.3 40.6 – – –

Mechanical engineers ........................................ 26.77 4.9 40.4 26.77 4.9 40.4 – – –

Engineers, n.e.c. ................................................ 30.51 3.1 40.2 30.51 3.1 40.2 – – –

Mathematical and computer scientists ................... 28.13 2.9 39.2 28.12 3.0 39.5 – – –

Computer systems analysts and scientists ........ 28.63 3.4 39.2 28.63 3.4 39.5 – – –

Operations and systems researchers and

analysts ............................................................ 25.73 3.5 39.6 25.73 3.5 39.6 – – –

Natural scientists ................................................... 29.81 9.5 37.9 29.72 9.7 39.6 – – –

Physicists and astronomers ............................... 42.36 5.6 40.0 42.36 5.6 40.0 – – –

Chemists, except biochemists ........................... 25.17 17.7 38.9 25.17 17.7 38.9 – – –

Medical scientists ............................................... 27.39 16.0 34.5 26.87 17.2 39.4 – – –

Health related ........................................................ 22.94 4.7 31.9 23.92 4.2 38.9 20.97 7.9 23.3

Physicians .......................................................... 47.97 15.9 39.3 47.70 18.9 42.2 – – –

Registered nurses .............................................. 20.79 3.6 30.9 21.42 2.2 38.3 19.85 7.6 23.9

Pharmacists ....................................................... 25.40 2.8 34.5 25.90 3.6 40.1 – – –

Respiratory therapists ........................................ 19.37 2.9 34.0 19.47 3.3 39.4 – – –

Occupational therapists ..................................... 25.43 8.2 35.2 24.79 9.3 38.6 – – –

Physical therapists ............................................. 24.11 10.1 32.3 22.74 9.8 39.6 30.17 9.0 17.7

Therapists, n.e.c. ............................................... 14.82 3.7 35.1 – – – – – –

Physicians’ assistants ........................................ 27.95 3.4 40.5 – – – – – –

Teachers, college and university ........................... 38.30 3.2 31.9 38.72 3.3 36.6 33.17 15.6 12.3

Medical science teachers .................................. 42.18 5.5 34.7 43.28 3.9 37.5 – – –

Art, drama, and music teachers ......................... 30.51 10.1 33.3 30.70 10.2 35.6 – – –

English teachers ................................................ 38.94 15.1 33.9 39.35 15.1 34.4 – – –

Foreign language teachers ................................ 32.24 14.8 37.3 32.24 14.8 37.3 – – –

Teachers, post secondary, subject not specified 33.48 7.4 35.1 33.48 7.4 35.1 – – –

Teachers, post secondary, n.e.c. ....................... 35.90 3.8 30.5 – – – – – –

Teachers, except college and university ................ 19.27 5.4 27.8 19.64 6.1 38.3 17.70 7.7 12.8

Prekindergarten and kindergarten ..................... 12.07 5.6 31.3 11.64 8.6 38.5 – – –

Elementary school teachers .............................. 20.10 15.8 40.3 19.90 16.4 41.6 – – –

Secondary school teachers ............................... 24.07 5.8 31.1 24.44 6.6 35.9 21.99 6.6 17.7

Teachers, special education .............................. 22.85 30.3 37.8 22.85 30.3 37.8 – – –

Teachers, n.e.c. ................................................. 17.48 7.1 15.1 19.49 5.7 39.5 15.83 11.7 10.0

Vocational and educational counselors ............. 20.70 5.7 36.4 – – – – – –

Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................ 21.08 11.1 31.6 21.61 10.1 37.7 – – –

Librarians ........................................................... 21.28 11.3 35.6 21.47 11.2 38.1 – – –

Social scientists and urban planners ..................... – – – 20.10 12.3 36.0 – – –

Economists ........................................................ 20.08 12.7 39.4 20.08 12.7 39.4 – – –

Social, recreation, and religious workers ............... 14.22 5.0 31.5 13.81 5.3 37.5 15.99 6.6 18.6

Social workers ................................................... 14.31 5.4 31.6 13.91 5.8 37.5 15.94 6.8 19.3

Recreation workers ............................................ 13.15 8.8 30.9 – – – – – –

Lawyers and judges ............................................... 33.10 6.1 43.1 33.10 6.1 43.1 – – –

Lawyers ............................................................. 33.10 6.1 43.1 33.10 6.1 43.1 – – –

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and

professionals, n.e.c. ............................................. 22.14 5.6 37.9 22.48 5.8 39.2 16.85 14.0 25.3

Technical writers ................................................ 23.93 10.9 36.6 24.01 11.7 40.1 – – –

Designers ........................................................... 23.77 10.3 39.1 24.01 10.3 39.8 – – –

Editors and reporters ......................................... 21.08 14.0 37.6 21.08 14.0 37.6 – – –

Public relations specialists ................................. 23.47 9.5 40.6 24.06 10.1 40.7 – – –

Athletes .............................................................. 19.04 18.0 36.4 – – – – – –

Professional, n.e.c. ............................................ 21.89 11.9 36.7 24.40 8.3 38.9 – – –

Technical ................................................................... 17.23 2.3 36.4 17.51 2.4 39.5 15.09 3.9 22.8

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 4. Selected occupations, New England, private industry: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers,2 National

Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Technical –Continued

Clinical laboratory technologists and

technicians ....................................................... $15.56 4.3 34.1 $15.88 4.8 39.1 $13.96 3.2 21.1

Radiological technicians .................................... 19.07 4.8 31.2 19.54 4.4 40.0 18.30 7.4 22.8

Licensed practical nurses .................................. 15.45 3.3 30.4 15.90 2.2 38.5 14.88 5.6 23.9

Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c. ...... 14.32 6.9 35.7 14.48 7.5 39.5 13.25 11.7 21.8

Electrical and electronic technicians .................. 17.60 2.7 39.6 17.60 2.7 39.6 – – –

Mechanical engineering technicians .................. 20.02 7.8 39.7 20.02 7.8 39.7 – – –

Engineering technicians, n.e.c. .......................... 19.79 5.3 40.0 19.93 5.3 40.0 – – –

Drafters .............................................................. 17.70 3.5 39.5 17.73 3.6 40.1 – – –

Chemical technicians ......................................... 18.00 2.9 40.0 18.00 2.9 40.0 – – –

Science technicians, n.e.c. ................................ 16.33 4.7 38.1 16.38 4.8 39.3 – – –

Computer programmers ..................................... 21.78 6.5 38.1 21.89 6.6 39.7 – – –

Legal assistants ................................................. 16.93 6.3 38.4 16.93 6.3 38.4 – – –

Technical and related, n.e.c. .............................. 18.29 6.5 39.5 18.29 6.5 39.5 – – –

Executive, administrative, and managerial ............... 28.96 2.9 40.2 29.03 2.9 40.5 22.38 11.7 23.4

Executives, administrators, and managers ............ 34.20 3.7 40.6 34.25 3.7 40.7 27.25 20.3 25.4

Financial managers ........................................... 32.12 7.1 40.4 32.23 7.2 40.6 – – –

Personnel and labor relations managers ........... 30.48 17.2 40.7 30.48 17.2 40.7 – – –

Purchasing managers ........................................ 30.16 7.3 41.1 30.16 7.3 41.1 – – –

Managers, marketing, advertising, and public

relations ........................................................... 38.01 6.1 40.9 38.01 6.1 40.9 – – –

Administrators, education and related fields ...... 31.33 9.2 37.2 31.60 9.4 38.7 – – –

Managers, medicine and health ......................... 27.83 8.7 40.1 28.22 8.9 40.5 – – –

Managers, food servicing and lodging

establishments ................................................. 18.29 15.0 41.1 18.29 15.0 41.1 – – –

Managers, service organizations, n.e.c. ............ 21.87 11.8 39.8 21.87 11.8 39.8 – – –

Managers and administrators, n.e.c. ................. 38.25 6.8 41.0 38.22 6.9 41.1 – – –

Management related .............................................. 21.15 2.3 39.6 21.18 2.3 40.1 18.95 9.1 22.2

Accountants and auditors .................................. 19.53 3.9 38.6 19.52 3.9 39.7 – – –

Underwriters ...................................................... 21.99 9.0 38.5 21.99 9.0 38.5 – – –

Other financial officers ....................................... 23.65 4.6 39.5 23.67 4.6 39.7 – – –

Management analysts ........................................ 26.28 12.8 41.1 26.31 13.0 42.2 – – –

Personnel, training, and labor relations

specialists ........................................................ 19.79 5.4 40.1 19.80 5.5 40.3 – – –

Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm

products ........................................................... 31.02 20.3 40.8 31.02 20.3 40.8 – – –

Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c. ............... 18.96 7.7 39.8 18.96 7.7 39.8 – – –

Inspectors and compliance officers, except

construction ..................................................... 21.23 6.7 39.7 21.39 7.1 40.1 – – –

Management related, n.e.c. ............................... 21.13 4.7 40.5 20.98 4.7 40.7 – – –

Sales ............................................................................. 14.47 6.3 31.1 18.09 6.2 40.1 6.74 2.9 21.1

Supervisors, sales ............................................. 18.81 9.7 43.1 18.84 9.7 43.2 – – –

Insurance sales .................................................. 27.20 13.2 38.8 27.20 13.2 38.8 – – –

Advertising and related sales ............................. 27.04 13.6 39.9 27.64 14.1 40.7 – – –

Sales, other business services .......................... 23.30 20.6 39.8 23.30 20.6 39.8 – – –

Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing,

and wholesale .................................................. 29.41 9.0 40.7 29.41 9.0 40.7 – – –

Sales workers, motor vehicles and boats .......... 25.01 21.4 42.2 25.01 21.4 42.2 – – –

Sales workers, apparel ...................................... 6.80 3.1 29.7 – – – – – –

Sales workers, other commodities ..................... 10.43 10.0 28.5 12.34 11.0 37.7 6.99 4.7 19.7

Sales counter clerks .......................................... 9.27 6.7 29.3 – – – – – –

Cashiers ............................................................. 6.94 3.9 23.9 8.58 7.1 38.5 6.37 2.8 21.1

Sales support, n.e.c. .......................................... 12.40 13.8 37.6 12.60 14.8 40.5 – – –

Administrative support, including clerical ................ 12.45 1.8 36.0 12.81 1.9 39.0 9.60 2.8 22.1

Supervisors, general office ................................ 18.48 5.9 36.9 17.84 5.3 39.2 – – –

Supervisors, financial records processing ......... 17.93 5.7 39.4 17.93 5.7 39.4 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.

12
Table 4. Selected occupations, New England, private industry: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers,2 National

Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Administrative support, including clerical

–Continued

Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and

adjusting clerks ................................................ $19.42 5.8 39.0 $19.42 5.8 39.0 – – –

Computer operators ........................................... 15.30 3.9 36.7 15.55 3.9 38.3 – – –

Secretaries ......................................................... 13.93 1.7 37.2 14.10 1.8 39.0 $11.79 3.5 24.0

Typists ............................................................... 11.14 3.2 35.9 11.09 3.4 38.4 – – –

Interviewers ....................................................... 11.39 4.1 25.4 11.95 6.9 39.5 10.97 3.8 20.0

Hotel clerks ........................................................ 9.05 4.4 32.7 9.11 5.1 37.1 – – –

Transportation ticket and reservation agents ..... 13.26 2.9 38.0 13.85 5.3 40.0 – – –

Receptionists ..................................................... 9.94 2.5 33.5 10.10 3.1 38.7 9.32 2.5 22.0

Information clerks, n.e.c. .................................... 12.38 10.6 35.4 12.62 11.8 37.6 – – –

Correspondence clerks ...................................... 12.04 6.4 34.6 12.09 6.4 37.8 – – –

Order clerks ....................................................... 11.86 6.0 36.3 12.51 5.0 39.4 7.65 5.9 23.7

Personnel clerks, except payroll and

timekeeping ..................................................... 12.04 8.5 35.8 13.31 7.2 39.3 – – –

Library clerks ..................................................... 11.12 9.0 35.1 11.09 9.5 36.5 – – –

File clerks ........................................................... 7.81 9.4 34.3 – – – – – –

Records clerks, n.e.c. ........................................ 11.53 5.2 36.5 11.84 5.3 38.4 8.18 5.1 23.5

Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ... 12.15 1.9 36.4 12.35 2.0 39.4 9.28 6.7 17.3

Payroll and timekeeping clerks .......................... 12.55 4.1 36.7 12.62 4.4 38.7 – – –

Billing clerks ....................................................... 9.49 8.2 33.1 10.50 6.5 39.6 – – –

Duplicating machine operators .......................... 10.15 8.2 36.7 10.37 8.0 40.0 – – –

Telephone operators .......................................... 9.66 5.4 33.3 10.13 6.1 39.0 7.85 5.1 21.1

Mail clerks, except postal service ...................... 8.62 3.5 26.2 9.22 6.1 38.2 – – –

Dispatchers ........................................................ – – – 10.76 17.6 40.9 – – –

Production coordinators ..................................... 15.85 5.3 38.1 15.99 5.1 39.8 – – –

Traffic, shipping and receiving clerks ................. 11.55 6.1 38.5 12.29 4.2 39.9 7.42 9.2 32.4

Stock and inventory clerks ................................. 12.53 2.1 37.4 12.88 1.6 39.5 – – –

Expeditors .......................................................... 11.11 4.8 34.9 – – – – – –

Material recording, scheduling, and distribution

clerks, n.e.c. ..................................................... 11.84 5.9 35.6 12.10 5.8 39.9 – – –

Insurance adjusters, examiners, and

investigators ..................................................... 15.78 4.1 37.9 15.74 4.1 38.0 – – –

Investigators and adjusters, except insurance ... 12.28 4.0 36.1 12.34 3.9 39.3 11.80 7.4 22.3

Bill and account collectors ................................. 13.24 3.9 39.7 13.26 4.3 39.7 – – –

General office clerks .......................................... 11.41 2.6 35.0 11.75 2.4 38.1 8.85 7.2 21.6

Data entry keyers ............................................... 9.32 3.5 35.1 9.47 4.0 39.0 8.29 5.3 20.8

Statistical clerks ................................................. 13.12 4.6 34.6 13.73 2.5 38.4 – – –

Teachers’ aides ................................................. 10.37 11.0 36.1 10.77 11.1 38.1 – – –

Administrative support, n.e.c. ............................ 12.23 6.9 35.0 12.71 7.8 38.6 8.02 17.3 19.4

Blue collar ........................................................................ 12.27 2.9 37.5 12.55 2.9 39.9 7.30 3.7 18.3

Precision production, craft, and repair ...................... 16.74 1.9 39.9 16.73 1.9 40.0 19.74 9.4 18.5

Supervisors, mechanics and repairers .............. 22.86 4.6 40.2 22.86 4.6 40.2 – – –

Automobile mechanics ....................................... 17.33 9.0 40.8 17.33 9.0 40.8 – – –

Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics .... 18.60 6.9 41.5 18.60 6.9 41.5 – – –

Industrial machinery repairers ........................... 15.76 2.9 40.0 15.76 2.9 40.0 – – –

Electronic repairers, communications and

industrial equipment ......................................... 14.33 14.7 36.8 13.95 14.7 38.5 – – –

Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c. ......................... 17.59 9.7 39.4 17.59 9.7 39.4 – – –

Carpenters ......................................................... 19.32 6.0 39.6 19.32 6.0 39.6 – – –

Electricians ........................................................ 19.61 7.8 40.0 19.61 7.8 40.0 – – –

Electrical power installers and repairers ............ 23.32 3.1 40.0 23.32 3.1 40.0 – – –

Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ............... 16.98 9.1 40.0 16.98 9.1 40.0 – – –

Construction trades, n.e.c. ................................. 17.13 10.6 40.0 17.13 10.6 40.0 – – –

Supervisors, production ..................................... 17.76 4.0 40.6 17.76 4.0 40.6 – – –

Tool and die makers .......................................... 16.59 3.8 40.0 16.59 3.8 40.0 – – –

Precision assemblers, metal .............................. 13.82 5.2 40.0 13.82 5.2 40.0 – – –

Machinists .......................................................... 17.03 2.9 40.0 17.03 2.9 40.0 – – –

Sheet metal workers .......................................... 14.51 7.3 40.0 14.51 7.3 40.0 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.

13
Table 4. Selected occupations, New England, private industry: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers,2 National

Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Blue collar –Continued

Precision production, craft, and repair –Continued

Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers $11.82 4.5 39.8 $11.84 4.5 40.0 – – –

Butchers and meat cutters ................................. 12.19 9.7 38.2 12.07 9.8 40.0 – – –

Inspectors, testers, and graders ........................ 12.67 10.9 39.6 12.67 10.9 39.6 – – –

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..... 10.27 4.1 38.6 10.36 3.8 39.9 $6.22 8.7 14.3

Lathe and turning machine operators ................ 13.07 10.9 40.0 13.07 10.9 40.0 – – –

Milling and planing machine operators .............. 12.16 9.3 40.0 12.16 9.3 40.0 – – –

Punching and stamping press operators ........... 9.47 3.4 39.6 9.46 3.5 40.0 – – –

Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing

machine operators ........................................... 8.08 7.8 40.0 8.08 7.8 40.0 – – –

Numerical control machine operators ................ 11.96 8.7 40.0 11.96 8.7 40.0 – – –

Fabricating machine operators, n.e.c. ............... 12.05 5.3 40.0 12.05 5.3 40.0 – – –

Molding and casting machine operators ............ 9.97 6.0 39.9 9.97 6.0 39.9 – – –

Metal plating machine operators ........................ 12.22 7.6 41.6 12.22 7.6 41.6 – – –

Heat treating equipment operators .................... 12.69 5.4 40.0 12.69 5.4 40.0 – – –

Printing press operators ..................................... 14.33 5.3 39.6 14.33 5.3 39.6 – – –

Photoengravers and lithographers ..................... 13.54 13.9 39.8 13.54 13.9 39.8 – – –

Typesetters and compositors ............................. 9.96 11.5 36.4 – – – – – –

Winding and twisting machine operators ........... 9.19 2.1 40.0 9.19 2.1 40.0 – – –

Knitting, looping, taping, and weaving machine

operators .......................................................... 9.77 2.9 40.0 9.77 2.9 40.0 – – –

Textile sewing machine operators ..................... 9.65 6.0 40.0 9.65 6.0 40.0 – – –

Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators 6.89 7.8 34.7 6.83 8.3 39.9 – – –

Cementing and gluing machine operators ......... 12.16 2.8 40.0 12.16 2.8 40.0 – – –

Packaging and filling machine operators ........... 9.42 11.6 39.8 9.42 11.6 39.8 – – –

Extruding and forming machine operators ......... 10.50 10.1 38.2 10.50 10.1 38.2 – – –

Mixing and blending machine operators ............ 11.86 8.9 40.0 11.86 8.9 40.0 – – –

Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine

operators .......................................................... 14.46 4.1 40.0 14.46 4.1 40.0 – – –

Compressing and compacting machine

operators .......................................................... 9.91 12.8 33.4 – – – – – –

Painting and paint spraying machine operators 10.13 4.1 40.1 10.13 4.1 40.1 – – –

Slicing and cutting machine operators ............... 8.46 14.7 40.0 8.46 14.7 40.0 – – –

Miscellaneous machine operators, n.e.c. .......... 9.67 6.9 38.9 9.85 5.7 40.0 – – –

Welders and cutters ........................................... 14.65 4.4 40.1 14.65 4.4 40.1 – – –

Assemblers ........................................................ 9.52 3.0 34.5 9.65 2.8 40.0 – – –

Miscellaneous hand working, n.e.c. ................... 9.93 9.7 40.3 9.93 9.7 40.3 – – –

Production inspectors, checkers and examiners 10.91 4.6 39.9 10.91 4.6 39.9 – – –

Production testers .............................................. 11.61 3.7 40.0 11.61 3.7 40.0 – – –

Transportation and material moving ......................... 13.82 3.6 37.1 14.15 3.7 39.9 8.99 8.7 18.4

Truck drivers ...................................................... 14.11 4.3 38.4 14.36 4.3 39.9 7.83 10.2 19.5

Driver-sales workers .......................................... 13.98 14.9 40.1 13.98 14.9 40.1 – – –

Bus drivers ......................................................... 11.77 7.5 31.9 12.06 8.4 40.0 – – –

Supervisors, material moving equipment ........... 16.28 9.5 41.9 16.28 9.5 41.9 – – –

Excavating and loading machine operators ....... 24.03 3.9 40.0 24.03 3.9 40.0 – – –

Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators 12.02 8.5 39.2 12.02 8.5 39.2 – – –

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ....................................................................... 9.42 4.3 33.1 10.00 5.1 39.7 6.99 3.1 19.5

Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm ... 10.06 7.5 40.1 10.65 6.8 40.0 – – –

Construction laborers ......................................... 15.29 14.6 39.6 15.28 14.6 40.0 – – –

Production helpers ............................................. 8.02 21.5 39.7 8.02 21.5 39.7 – – –

Stock handlers and baggers .............................. 8.42 3.7 28.8 9.68 4.1 39.1 6.23 1.8 19.8

Machine feeders and offbearers ........................ 8.16 15.7 36.8 8.28 16.8 40.0 – – –

Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c. ...... 10.61 5.2 33.5 10.77 6.4 39.9 – – –

Garage and service station related .................... 8.42 12.4 20.4 – – – – – –

Hand packers and packagers ............................ 7.99 4.0 31.2 8.50 3.8 39.7 5.92 4.4 16.6

Laborers, except construction, n.e.c. ................. 8.90 5.9 35.6 9.19 6.2 40.0 7.34 4.4 22.4

Service .............................................................................. 8.31 1.8 28.9 9.12 2.3 38.4 6.88 1.7 20.0

See footnotes at end of table.

14
Table 4. Selected occupations, New England, private industry: Mean hourly earnings1 for full-time and part-time workers,2 National

Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Service –Continued

Protective service .................................................. $8.63 4.5 32.9 $9.07 5.0 38.9 $7.11 3.9 21.4

Supervisors, guards ........................................... 14.26 8.4 37.4 14.49 7.3 40.0 – – –

Guards and police, except public service .......... 8.31 3.6 33.3 8.66 4.1 39.0 7.11 4.0 22.3

Protective service, n.e.c. .................................... 7.11 5.0 17.4 – – – – – –

Food service .......................................................... 7.12 3.4 27.2 8.36 4.4 38.6 5.42 2.4 19.4

Supervisors, food preparation and service ........ 12.88 4.0 40.4 13.14 3.7 43.5 – – –

Bartenders ......................................................... 5.89 9.8 25.1 – – – 5.17 15.4 19.3

Waiters and waitresses ...................................... 3.89 16.5 24.3 4.92 23.4 37.5 2.94 4.4 18.3

Cooks ................................................................. 9.27 2.9 30.1 9.56 4.2 37.9 8.63 2.7 20.7

Food counter, fountain, and related ................... 7.80 12.2 23.7 – – – 7.93 13.6 22.9

Kitchen workers, food preparation ..................... 7.77 5.4 31.0 8.31 6.0 38.1 6.50 7.9 21.5

Waiters’/Waitresses’ assistants ......................... 5.30 4.3 20.2 – – – 5.02 6.1 14.9

Food preparation, n.e.c. ..................................... 7.01 2.7 26.4 7.75 3.9 38.0 6.33 2.1 20.7

Health service ........................................................ 9.29 .9 28.6 9.39 1.2 38.4 9.09 1.2 19.1

Health aides, except nursing ............................. 9.93 3.2 22.5 10.28 4.6 38.9 9.34 4.5 13.1

Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ............ 9.09 1.0 30.5 9.14 1.1 38.3 9.00 1.4 21.7

Cleaning and building service ................................ 8.88 3.0 32.2 9.45 3.4 38.1 7.38 2.6 22.8

Supervisors, cleaning and building service

workers ............................................................ 15.05 8.5 38.5 16.19 4.9 39.3 – – –

Maids and housemen ........................................ 7.47 3.9 33.3 7.32 3.8 36.4 8.41 15.3 21.5

Janitors and cleaners ......................................... 8.87 3.6 31.5 9.66 4.4 38.6 7.21 2.2 22.8

Personal service .................................................... 9.29 8.4 25.8 11.56 12.7 36.1 7.27 4.4 20.6

Welfare service aides ........................................ 9.42 7.5 20.6 10.53 7.4 39.3 8.59 10.1 15.2

Child care workers, n.e.c. .................................. 7.51 6.9 31.1 8.45 8.0 39.8 – – –

Service, n.e.c. .................................................... 9.10 5.0 28.4 9.76 4.1 38.7 8.39 9.6 22.1

1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They

include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium

pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is

computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,

weighted by hours. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as

working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each

establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered

a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where

a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 In this census division, collection was conducted between December 1996 and April

1998. The average reference period was August 1997. 4 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all

workers in the civilian economy. For more information, see Technical Note. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the

estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For

more information about RSEs, see Technical Note.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication

criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may

include data for categories not shown separately. 

15
Table 5. Selected occupations, New England, State and local government: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours for full-time and

part-time workers,2 National Compensation Survey,3 1997

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

All .......................................................................................... $20.14 2.1 35.2 $20.59 2.0 37.5 $13.58 6.6 18.5

All excluding sales ......................................................... 20.17 2.1 35.2 20.62 2.0 37.5 13.65 6.7 18.4

White collar ...................................................................... 22.83 2.1 34.3 23.33 2.2 36.4 15.77 5.6 18.8

White collar excluding sales ...................................... 22.90 2.1 34.3 23.39 2.3 36.4 15.92 5.7 18.7

Professional specialty and technical ......................... 27.84 2.7 33.8 28.48 2.8 35.9 18.87 6.7 18.7

Professional specialty ................................................ 28.46 2.7 33.9 29.00 2.8 35.8 19.83 7.6 18.3

Engineers, architects, and surveyors ..................... 28.20 3.3 37.2 28.20 3.3 37.2 – – –

Mathematical and computer scientists ................... 20.99 5.6 38.0 20.99 5.6 38.0 – – –

Natural scientists ................................................... 24.94 8.9 36.9 24.94 8.9 36.9 – – –

Health related ........................................................ 24.20 4.4 34.1 24.47 5.3 38.3 23.19 4.7 24.2

Registered nurses .............................................. 22.80 2.9 33.1 22.95 3.4 38.0 22.18 5.9 21.5

Teachers, college and university ........................... 34.38 2.5 36.4 35.65 3.0 37.9 16.74 5.2 23.6

Teachers, post secondary, n.e.c. ....................... 32.38 1.5 38.4 32.38 1.5 38.4 – – –

Teachers, except college and university ................ 30.51 3.8 32.6 31.00 3.9 34.5 20.64 13.0 15.2

Prekindergarten and kindergarten ..................... 34.31 7.1 34.4 34.31 7.1 34.4 – – –

Elementary school teachers .............................. 31.31 3.1 34.1 31.30 3.1 34.3 – – –

Secondary school teachers ............................... 29.32 5.4 35.1 29.32 5.4 35.1 – – –

Teachers, special education .............................. 30.12 6.7 35.3 30.01 6.8 35.6 – – –

Teachers, n.e.c. ................................................. 35.67 10.1 30.8 35.86 10.9 33.3 33.94 15.0 18.6

Substitute teachers ............................................ 8.53 10.2 12.2 – – – 7.76 6.7 10.7

Vocational and educational counselors ............. 28.59 7.3 31.2 30.07 12.7 35.6 – – –

Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................ 22.27 15.8 36.5 22.35 16.1 36.8 – – –

Librarians ........................................................... 22.27 15.8 36.5 22.35 16.1 36.8 – – –

Social scientists and urban planners ..................... 26.49 8.6 35.6 26.32 8.5 35.8 – – –

Social, recreation, and religious workers ............... 19.06 3.9 35.5 19.47 4.4 37.6 – – –

Social workers ................................................... 19.42 4.3 37.5 19.47 4.4 37.6 – – –

Lawyers and judges ............................................... 31.79 8.7 36.7 31.79 8.7 36.8 – – –

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and

professionals, n.e.c. ............................................. 12.67 4.8 29.3 – – – – – –

Technical ................................................................... 17.29 5.9 32.6 18.09 7.0 38.3 14.25 7.5 20.8

Licensed practical nurses .................................. 14.14 4.6 37.6 14.16 5.0 39.6 – – –

Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c. ...... 18.06 14.9 26.3 22.43 15.8 38.0 – – –

Executive, administrative, and managerial ............... 26.24 3.3 36.6 26.30 3.4 37.9 23.36 11.0 15.0

Executives, administrators, and managers ............ 29.63 2.8 36.9 29.66 2.8 38.3 27.98 12.2 12.8

Legislators ......................................................... 25.84 4.7 23.6 – – – – – –

Administrators and officials, public

administration .................................................. 26.04 8.5 36.5 26.00 8.5 38.0 – – –

Financial managers ........................................... 30.11 2.4 37.0 30.11 2.4 37.0 – – –

Administrators, education and related fields ...... 34.00 4.2 37.7 34.29 4.2 38.7 – – –

Managers, medicine and health ......................... 29.79 17.1 39.5 29.79 17.1 39.5 – – –

Managers and administrators, n.e.c. ................. 30.81 8.8 38.1 30.81 8.8 38.1 – – –

Management related .............................................. 18.84 2.3 36.1 18.90 2.4 37.1 16.95 5.8 19.7

Accountants and auditors .................................. 18.19 3.0 37.7 18.19 3.0 37.7 – – –

Personnel, training, and labor relations

specialists ........................................................ 16.75 5.5 35.9 16.79 5.5 36.2 – – –

Construction inspectors ..................................... 21.15 5.9 32.7 – – – – – –

Inspectors and compliance officers, except

construction ..................................................... 19.64 6.5 33.3 – – – – – –

Management related, n.e.c. ............................... 19.29 6.7 36.4 19.34 6.9 36.9 – – –

Sales ............................................................................. 13.07 10.2 35.7 14.23 9.3 39.3 8.01 1.7 25.4

Cashiers ............................................................. 13.48 15.0 34.1 15.84 12.9 40.0 8.01 1.7 25.4

Administrative support, including clerical ................ 12.67 2.9 33.9 12.84 3.2 36.4 10.88 5.5 19.5

Secretaries ......................................................... 15.87 2.3 35.5 15.94 2.3 36.8 – – –

Typists ............................................................... 12.56 4.2 34.0 12.91 2.8 36.5 – – –

Interviewers ....................................................... 10.99 3.1 38.5 – – – – – –

Receptionists ..................................................... 10.45 5.6 26.5 – – – 8.79 6.6 19.5

Library clerks ..................................................... 12.28 7.3 25.8 13.30 8.5 34.6 10.60 4.8 18.1

Records clerks, n.e.c. ........................................ 13.30 2.3 27.3 12.30 1.7 34.9 – – –

Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ... 13.29 5.6 37.0 13.27 5.9 37.4 – – –

Dispatchers ........................................................ 14.79 5.1 34.6 14.99 4.6 39.8 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.

16
Table 5. Selected occupations, New England, State and local government: Mean hourly earnings1 and weekly hours for full-time and

part-time workers,2 National Compensation Survey,3 1997–Continued

Occupation4

Total Full time Part time

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Administrative support, including clerical

–Continued

Stock and inventory clerks ................................. $14.73 10.5 37.4 $14.73 10.5 37.4 – – –

General office clerks .......................................... 12.94 1.8 35.5 12.92 1.7 37.0 $13.10 10.4 23.8

Teachers’ aides ................................................. 9.29 4.9 32.8 9.15 4.9 34.3 10.91 10.1 22.4

Administrative support, n.e.c. ............................ 14.35 6.4 34.4 15.12 1.9 37.2 – – –

Blue collar ........................................................................ 15.61 2.7 38.3 15.78 2.4 39.6 9.83 14.9 18.3

Precision production, craft, and repair ...................... 16.85 3.6 38.8 16.89 4.2 39.6 – – –

Mechanics and repairers, n.e.c. ......................... 17.07 10.8 39.1 17.07 10.8 39.1 – – –

Supervisors, construction trades, n.e.c. ............. 16.92 3.4 39.1 16.92 3.4 39.1 – – –

Electricians ........................................................ 17.68 9.8 40.0 17.68 9.8 40.0 – – –

Painters, construction and maintenance ............ 15.31 6.9 40.0 15.31 6.9 40.0 – – –

Plumbers, pipefitters and steamfitters ............... 17.02 13.3 40.0 17.02 13.3 40.0 – – –

Construction trades, n.e.c. ................................. 11.40 8.9 39.9 11.40 8.9 39.9 – – –

Water and sewer treatment plant operators ...... 18.21 2.2 40.0 18.21 2.2 40.0 – – –

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..... 15.58 6.0 38.5 15.59 6.0 38.9 – – –

Transportation and material moving ......................... 15.93 5.2 38.0 16.25 4.6 39.6 – – –

Truck drivers ...................................................... 13.16 6.9 37.2 13.89 5.8 40.0 – – –

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ....................................................................... 12.63 3.3 37.4 12.91 3.3 39.9 8.21 4.0 19.2

Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm ... 11.77 6.5 29.9 12.73 2.5 40.0 – – –

Construction laborers ......................................... 12.28 3.6 40.0 12.28 3.6 40.0 – – –

Laborers, except construction, n.e.c. ................. 13.80 11.1 37.5 14.67 11.5 39.6 – – –

Service .............................................................................. 14.88 2.1 36.6 15.35 2.0 40.0 8.88 3.8 17.7

Protective service .................................................. 17.34 1.6 38.2 17.73 1.5 40.4 9.12 5.7 17.9

Supervisors, firefighters and fire prevention ...... 20.88 2.9 41.7 20.88 2.9 41.7 – – –

Supervisors, police and detectives .................... 23.04 6.8 39.7 23.04 6.8 39.7 – – –

Firefighting ......................................................... 16.69 2.8 43.3 16.69 2.8 43.5 – – –

Police and detectives, public service ................. 17.34 1.9 38.5 17.52 2.0 39.4 – – –

Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement

officers ............................................................. 16.03 7.4 39.5 16.10 7.6 39.6 – – –

Crossing guards ................................................. 9.44 7.3 16.2 – – – 9.44 7.3 16.2

Guards and police, except public service .......... 12.40 7.7 39.4 12.50 7.9 39.7 – – –

Protective service, n.e.c. .................................... 8.44 14.2 21.0 – – – 8.44 14.2 21.0

Food service .......................................................... 10.16 2.5 26.6 11.11 3.9 37.9 7.76 3.3 15.2

Cooks ................................................................. 11.59 9.3 36.9 11.60 9.5 37.0 – – –

Food preparation, n.e.c. ..................................... 9.11 4.1 20.7 10.64 5.4 39.5 7.49 3.5 13.7

Health service ........................................................ 11.29 2.2 38.4 11.38 2.3 39.7 9.74 2.8 24.2

Health aides, except nursing ............................. 10.44 3.1 32.6 – – – – – –

Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ............ 11.35 2.3 38.9 11.41 2.3 39.8 9.87 3.5 26.4

Cleaning and building service ................................ 12.24 4.1 38.4 12.33 4.4 39.5 – – –

Supervisors, cleaning and building service

workers ............................................................ 17.78 14.6 40.0 17.78 14.6 40.0 – – –

Janitors and cleaners ......................................... 12.04 4.0 38.3 12.13 4.2 39.5 – – –

Personal service .................................................... 11.61 8.5 23.1 14.31 9.8 39.7 8.78 4.3 16.0

Child care workers, n.e.c. .................................. 8.84 7.9 13.4 – – – 8.30 9.8 10.7

1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They

include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium

pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is

computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,

weighted by hours. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as

working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each

establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered

a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where

a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 In this census division, collection was conducted between December 1996 and April

1998. The average reference period was August 1997. 4 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all

workers in the civilian economy. For more information, see Technical Note. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the

estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For

more information about RSEs, see Technical Note.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication

criteria, and n.e.c. means "not elsewhere classified." Overall occupational groups may

include data for categories not shown separately. 

17
Table 6. Occupational groups1 and levels,2 New England: Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and

local government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

All .......................................................................................... $16.96 1.8 35.1 $16.29 2.1 35.0 $20.14 2.1 35.2

All excluding sales ......................................................... 17.13 1.8 35.4 16.44 2.1 35.4 20.17 2.1 35.2

White collar ...................................................................... 20.58 1.6 35.5 20.06 1.9 35.8 22.83 2.1 34.3

1 ..................................................................... 6.63 1.0 22.1 6.60 1.0 22.2 7.25 2.0 21.2

2 ..................................................................... 7.67 2.6 28.2 7.40 2.9 27.5 8.80 6.3 31.5

3 ..................................................................... 9.92 2.0 32.7 9.48 2.2 32.6 11.34 2.4 32.9

4 ..................................................................... 11.59 1.5 35.8 11.38 1.6 36.1 12.72 1.5 34.3

5 ..................................................................... 13.27 1.8 35.9 13.07 2.0 36.7 14.75 3.3 30.8

6 ..................................................................... 14.86 1.4 36.5 14.62 1.5 37.0 16.30 3.1 33.6

7 ..................................................................... 17.86 1.1 36.2 17.61 .9 36.4 19.09 3.8 35.4

8 ..................................................................... 19.35 2.1 35.8 18.95 1.7 36.2 21.86 11.0 33.6

9 ..................................................................... 24.84 1.9 36.2 22.21 1.9 37.0 29.69 3.6 34.8

10 ................................................................... 25.71 1.8 38.1 25.66 2.0 37.9 26.03 5.2 39.8

11 ................................................................... 29.49 1.3 38.9 29.23 1.6 39.3 30.51 1.7 37.2

12 ................................................................... 37.13 2.0 38.7 37.03 2.4 39.2 37.67 2.0 36.4

13 ................................................................... 45.49 1.6 38.9 45.25 1.7 39.0 47.83 3.2 37.7

14 ................................................................... 61.76 8.1 41.1 62.65 8.3 40.8 – – –

15 ................................................................... 55.94 8.1 41.6 55.94 8.1 41.6 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 25.86 5.4 36.4 27.76 6.1 38.5 20.32 5.8 31.6

White collar excluding sales ...................................... 21.28 1.5 36.1 20.85 1.8 36.6 22.90 2.1 34.3

1 ..................................................................... 6.98 2.3 23.5 6.90 3.0 24.3 7.25 2.0 21.2

2 ..................................................................... 8.55 2.8 31.8 8.43 2.9 31.9 8.82 6.5 31.7

3 ..................................................................... 10.07 2.1 32.9 9.68 2.8 33.0 11.19 2.4 32.7

4 ..................................................................... 11.67 1.5 36.0 11.44 1.7 36.4 12.73 1.5 34.3

5 ..................................................................... 13.37 1.8 35.4 13.16 2.0 36.2 14.75 3.3 30.8

6 ..................................................................... 14.95 1.5 36.3 14.71 1.5 36.9 16.34 3.1 33.5

7 ..................................................................... 17.85 1.1 36.1 17.58 .9 36.2 19.11 3.8 35.4

8 ..................................................................... 19.27 2.2 35.4 18.81 1.4 35.7 21.86 11.0 33.6

9 ..................................................................... 24.82 2.0 36.0 21.97 1.9 36.7 29.69 3.6 34.8

10 ................................................................... 25.19 1.7 37.7 25.04 1.8 37.4 26.03 5.2 39.8

11 ................................................................... 28.98 1.0 38.7 28.55 1.3 39.2 30.51 1.7 37.2

12 ................................................................... 36.75 2.0 38.7 36.57 2.4 39.2 37.67 2.0 36.4

13 ................................................................... 45.42 1.6 38.8 45.18 1.7 38.9 47.83 3.2 37.7

14 ................................................................... 61.77 8.2 41.1 62.67 8.4 40.9 – – –

15 ................................................................... 55.94 8.1 41.6 55.94 8.1 41.6 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 26.01 5.5 36.4 28.05 6.3 38.5 20.32 5.8 31.6

Professional specialty and technical ......................... 24.44 1.4 35.0 23.31 1.8 35.4 27.84 2.7 33.8

Professional specialty ................................................ 26.45 1.6 34.7 25.59 2.1 35.0 28.46 2.7 33.9

5 ..................................................................... 11.97 2.5 24.9 12.30 3.3 30.6 10.97 9.0 16.0

6 ..................................................................... 15.96 6.4 31.0 15.21 6.5 32.1 18.84 10.2 27.3

7 ..................................................................... 18.55 2.0 32.8 17.85 2.8 32.3 20.71 5.1 34.2

8 ..................................................................... 20.83 2.8 33.0 20.14 2.6 32.8 23.32 12.6 33.7

9 ..................................................................... 26.19 3.0 34.6 22.03 3.5 34.5 30.53 4.0 34.7

10 ................................................................... 25.66 2.6 36.6 25.33 2.6 36.1 27.74 9.0 40.1

11 ................................................................... 29.57 1.0 38.0 29.38 1.7 38.4 30.23 2.0 36.6

12 ................................................................... 36.87 1.8 37.6 36.08 2.2 38.2 40.21 1.3 35.4

13 ................................................................... 46.27 2.7 35.8 45.59 3.0 35.8 53.10 1.5 35.7

14 ................................................................... 53.93 8.3 39.0 53.94 8.4 39.0 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 26.01 6.2 35.0 28.80 6.8 36.4 20.24 8.0 32.5

Engineers, architects, and surveyors ..................... 29.00 2.0 39.9 29.10 2.2 40.2 28.20 3.3 37.2

7 ..................................................................... 19.56 3.0 40.5 19.56 3.0 40.5 – – –

8 ..................................................................... 20.16 2.2 40.3 20.16 2.2 40.3 – – –

9 ..................................................................... 23.36 1.8 40.2 23.30 1.8 40.2 – – –

10 ................................................................... 25.81 3.8 40.3 25.81 3.8 40.3 – – –

11 ................................................................... 29.14 1.4 39.4 29.22 1.9 40.2 – – –

12 ................................................................... 36.21 1.6 40.0 36.21 1.6 40.0 – – –

13 ................................................................... 43.28 3.6 40.3 43.28 3.6 40.3 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 33.42 11.7 40.0 33.42 11.7 40.0 – – –

Mathematical and computer scientists ................... 27.86 2.9 39.2 28.13 2.9 39.2 20.99 5.6 38.0

7 ..................................................................... 18.31 2.7 38.8 18.31 2.7 38.8 – – –

8 ..................................................................... 20.69 7.8 38.3 20.69 7.8 38.3 – – –

9 ..................................................................... 23.16 2.3 39.0 23.53 2.5 39.2 – – –

10 ................................................................... 25.77 7.3 38.6 25.77 7.3 38.6 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.

18
Table 6. Occupational groups1 and levels,2 New England: Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and

local government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Professional specialty –Continued

Mathematical and computer scientists –Continued

11 ................................................................... $28.58 2.1 39.9 $28.63 2.1 39.9 – – –

12 ................................................................... 32.77 1.7 38.4 32.77 1.7 38.4 – – –

13 ................................................................... 41.33 3.7 39.7 41.33 3.7 39.7 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 32.19 13.9 38.6 32.19 13.9 38.6 – – –

Natural scientists ................................................... 28.59 7.6 37.7 29.81 9.5 37.9 $24.94 8.9 36.9

9 ..................................................................... 22.55 4.9 38.6 – – – – – –

11 ................................................................... 30.22 7.5 37.2 28.91 8.9 38.0 – – –

13 ................................................................... 44.40 6.1 35.6 44.40 6.1 35.6 – – –

Health related ........................................................ 23.07 4.3 32.1 22.94 4.7 31.9 24.20 4.4 34.1

6 ..................................................................... 17.98 5.9 32.0 18.38 6.0 31.4 – – –

7 ..................................................................... 18.79 5.1 28.6 18.60 5.2 28.5 22.53 3.2 29.5

8 ..................................................................... 21.07 3.2 31.3 21.07 3.4 31.4 21.06 4.1 30.8

9 ..................................................................... 23.42 3.7 33.9 22.93 4.0 33.6 26.26 5.3 35.4

10 ................................................................... 23.88 5.6 40.0 24.85 4.6 38.6 – – –

11 ................................................................... 27.79 5.7 35.5 26.62 6.4 36.6 30.90 8.7 32.9

12 ................................................................... 39.68 16.4 32.7 39.68 16.4 32.7 – – –

14 ................................................................... 76.94 11.2 35.0 78.98 11.6 34.8 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 34.17 20.6 35.8 34.64 21.1 35.7 – – –

Teachers, college and university ........................... 36.57 2.4 33.7 38.30 3.2 31.9 34.38 2.5 36.4

7 ..................................................................... 10.88 2.9 18.4 – – – – – –

8 ..................................................................... 21.98 3.3 31.7 – – – – – –

9 ..................................................................... 26.33 3.1 31.3 28.72 8.7 22.9 25.35 2.6 36.9

10 ................................................................... 32.38 3.6 28.3 31.23 7.7 22.8 33.58 4.4 37.8

11 ................................................................... 32.52 2.0 36.1 33.61 5.6 35.4 31.01 3.2 37.0

12 ................................................................... 44.21 2.5 36.2 49.99 3.0 33.9 40.26 2.1 37.9

13 ................................................................... 53.36 6.5 31.2 51.54 7.4 30.4 – – –

Teachers, except college and university ................ 29.26 3.3 32.0 19.27 5.4 27.8 30.51 3.8 32.6

5 ..................................................................... 10.42 7.6 16.5 11.04 8.6 23.7 9.81 14.3 12.7

6 ..................................................................... 16.18 13.6 20.5 – – – 19.07 16.4 19.8

7 ..................................................................... 22.56 3.4 33.9 18.96 5.9 32.3 23.15 3.3 34.2

8 ..................................................................... 28.36 11.7 33.0 20.73 5.2 30.7 29.83 10.6 33.5

9 ..................................................................... 31.40 4.5 34.0 21.77 6.0 30.8 32.09 4.8 34.3

10 ................................................................... 28.35 15.0 30.5 28.35 15.2 30.4 – – –

11 ................................................................... 36.08 5.8 33.0 31.41 10.0 25.9 – – –

Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................ 21.63 9.7 33.7 21.08 11.1 31.6 22.27 15.8 36.5

9 ..................................................................... 25.46 10.2 35.0 – – – 28.75 8.4 35.0

Social scientists and urban planners ..................... 20.30 12.2 30.3 – – – 26.49 8.6 35.6

Social, religious, and recreation workers ............... 16.14 3.6 33.0 14.22 5.0 31.5 19.06 3.9 35.5

6 ..................................................................... 10.61 2.7 33.2 – – – – – –

7 ..................................................................... 14.80 5.6 36.7 12.54 4.2 36.0 18.13 9.6 37.9

8 ..................................................................... 15.40 7.3 34.7 14.29 7.7 34.2 – – –

9 ..................................................................... 18.70 7.5 30.3 – – – 22.52 4.7 37.1

Not able to be leveled .................................... 18.60 5.4 35.0 – – – 18.63 5.4 35.2

Lawyers and judges ............................................... 32.42 5.3 39.5 33.10 6.1 43.1 31.79 8.7 36.7

Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and

professionals, n.e.c. ............................................. 21.32 5.8 36.9 22.14 5.6 37.9 12.67 4.8 29.3

5 ..................................................................... 12.44 3.5 35.4 12.15 4.0 34.9 – – –

7 ..................................................................... 17.14 6.3 38.5 17.30 6.9 38.6 – – –

8 ..................................................................... 16.78 8.7 39.9 18.39 6.2 39.8 – – –

9 ..................................................................... 21.19 2.4 35.9 21.17 2.4 36.2 – – –

11 ................................................................... 30.25 4.4 40.0 30.25 4.4 40.0 – – –

12 ................................................................... 33.34 5.0 38.3 33.34 5.0 38.3 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 16.05 8.4 31.8 16.88 7.6 37.4 – – –

Technical ................................................................... 17.23 2.1 36.1 17.23 2.3 36.4 17.29 5.9 32.6

3 ..................................................................... 10.86 2.8 30.5 10.92 2.0 31.2 – – –

4 ..................................................................... 11.92 4.4 33.1 11.55 4.4 33.9 14.39 3.3 28.9

5 ..................................................................... 14.46 4.5 33.8 14.38 4.6 33.7 16.28 4.9 36.9

6 ..................................................................... 15.74 1.8 35.0 15.69 1.9 35.1 – – –

7 ..................................................................... 18.00 2.1 38.1 18.12 2.0 38.1 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.

19
Table 6. Occupational groups1 and levels,2 New England: Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and

local government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Professional specialty and technical –Continued

Technical –Continued

8 ..................................................................... $17.99 2.2 37.9 $17.98 2.3 38.3 – – –

9 ..................................................................... 22.86 1.9 38.9 22.91 2.1 39.3 $22.18 2.6 34.6

11 ................................................................... 33.03 11.5 38.6 32.97 12.3 38.5 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 20.12 13.8 32.9 17.69 11.9 37.1 – – –

Executive, administrative, and managerial ............... 28.54 2.5 39.6 28.96 2.9 40.2 26.24 3.3 36.6

5 ..................................................................... 14.51 6.4 38.6 13.33 4.0 39.1 – – –

6 ..................................................................... 14.26 3.6 39.1 14.03 4.2 40.2 – – –

7 ..................................................................... 16.83 1.3 38.4 16.55 1.3 39.0 17.78 3.0 36.6

8 ..................................................................... 17.47 2.6 38.3 17.37 2.8 38.9 18.38 3.8 33.1

9 ..................................................................... 21.85 1.3 39.5 21.82 1.4 40.0 22.10 2.6 36.4

10 ................................................................... 24.14 2.5 39.9 24.24 2.7 39.9 23.70 4.3 39.5

11 ................................................................... 27.63 1.5 40.3 26.71 1.8 40.8 30.91 4.1 38.3

12 ................................................................... 36.72 3.6 39.8 37.11 4.2 40.2 34.29 3.0 37.8

13 ................................................................... 45.02 2.0 40.4 44.99 2.2 40.6 45.38 2.7 38.7

14 ................................................................... 66.16 9.6 42.5 67.84 9.5 42.1 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 30.81 10.1 38.5 31.53 11.4 41.2 25.58 9.0 26.0

Executives, administrators, and managers ............ 33.40 3.2 39.9 34.20 3.7 40.6 29.63 2.8 36.9

6 ..................................................................... 13.71 7.9 41.7 13.71 7.9 41.7 – – –

7 ..................................................................... 15.72 2.6 38.0 15.41 3.9 38.9 16.21 10.9 36.7

8 ..................................................................... 17.35 2.2 41.7 17.30 2.4 42.1 – – –

9 ..................................................................... 21.85 1.8 39.2 21.74 2.0 40.0 22.48 3.9 35.2

10 ................................................................... 23.80 3.0 39.7 23.84 3.5 39.7 23.69 4.6 39.6

11 ................................................................... 28.15 1.5 40.1 27.11 1.8 40.8 31.00 4.1 38.3

12 ................................................................... 38.01 3.2 39.7 38.80 3.8 40.2 34.29 3.0 37.8

13 ................................................................... 44.94 2.0 40.5 44.89 2.2 40.7 45.38 2.7 38.7

14 ................................................................... 66.66 9.9 42.0 68.49 9.7 41.6 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 34.58 15.0 37.4 35.28 17.1 40.8 29.49 7.1 23.1

Management related .............................................. 20.86 2.0 39.1 21.15 2.3 39.6 18.84 2.3 36.1

5 ..................................................................... 14.65 6.4 38.6 13.45 4.2 39.2 – – –

6 ..................................................................... 14.45 3.9 38.3 14.19 5.0 39.5 – – –

7 ..................................................................... 17.22 1.3 38.6 16.85 1.0 39.0 18.98 4.0 36.4

8 ..................................................................... 17.52 3.5 37.1 17.40 3.9 37.7 18.48 4.7 32.4

9 ..................................................................... 21.85 1.4 39.8 21.90 1.5 40.0 21.52 5.5 38.5

10 ................................................................... 24.84 2.7 40.1 24.87 2.8 40.2 – – –

11 ................................................................... 25.49 3.3 40.8 25.49 3.4 40.8 – – –

12 ................................................................... 31.55 9.5 40.3 31.55 9.5 40.3 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 23.14 5.2 40.9 23.88 5.5 42.0 – – –

Sales ............................................................................. 14.45 6.2 31.2 14.47 6.3 31.1 13.07 10.2 35.7

1 ..................................................................... 6.54 .8 21.8 6.54 .8 21.8 – – –

2 ..................................................................... 6.40 3.7 24.2 6.39 3.7 24.2 – – –

3 ..................................................................... 8.97 4.5 31.4 8.49 3.4 30.8 14.37 11.8 38.7

4 ..................................................................... 11.10 4.2 34.9 11.10 4.2 34.8 – – –

5 ..................................................................... 12.36 5.1 40.5 12.36 5.1 40.5 – – –

6 ..................................................................... 13.54 4.1 39.3 13.54 4.2 39.2 – – –

7 ..................................................................... 18.20 8.0 41.1 18.28 8.1 41.1 – – –

8 ..................................................................... 20.17 10.6 41.4 20.17 10.6 41.4 – – –

9 ..................................................................... 25.23 6.5 40.5 25.23 6.5 40.5 – – –

10 ................................................................... 31.50 7.8 43.1 31.50 7.8 43.1 – – –

11 ................................................................... 35.69 7.6 40.5 35.69 7.6 40.5 – – –

12 ................................................................... 49.92 12.0 40.1 49.92 12.0 40.1 – – –

Administrative support, including clerical ................ 12.50 1.6 35.5 12.45 1.8 36.0 12.67 2.9 33.9

1 ..................................................................... 6.98 2.3 23.5 6.90 3.0 24.3 7.25 2.0 21.2

2 ..................................................................... 8.55 2.8 31.9 8.43 2.9 32.0 8.80 6.5 31.6

3 ..................................................................... 10.05 2.2 33.0 9.64 2.9 33.1 11.20 2.4 32.8

4 ..................................................................... 11.65 1.5 36.5 11.43 1.7 36.8 12.65 1.5 35.1

5 ..................................................................... 13.14 2.1 37.3 12.89 2.3 37.5 14.87 2.6 36.3

6 ..................................................................... 14.59 1.9 37.9 14.38 2.0 38.3 15.78 4.0 35.7

See footnotes at end of table.

20
Table 6. Occupational groups1 and levels,2 New England: Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and

local government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

White collar –Continued

Administrative support, including clerical

–Continued

7 ..................................................................... $17.46 1.5 38.1 $17.40 1.8 38.6 $17.73 2.3 36.1

8 ..................................................................... 17.48 2.6 39.0 17.58 2.8 39.2 – – –

9 ..................................................................... 21.18 5.2 38.9 21.19 5.2 39.0 – – –

11 ................................................................... 28.29 8.4 36.2 28.29 8.4 36.2 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 15.14 5.7 36.8 15.02 4.3 36.9 15.29 11.2 36.5

Blue collar ........................................................................ 12.52 2.7 37.6 12.27 2.9 37.5 15.61 2.7 38.3

1 ..................................................................... 7.05 5.3 30.6 6.99 5.3 30.8 10.39 11.4 22.2

2 ..................................................................... 9.08 3.8 36.9 9.02 3.9 36.8 11.17 4.9 38.7

3 ..................................................................... 10.15 3.2 39.4 10.09 3.3 39.5 12.26 6.5 39.0

4 ..................................................................... 12.12 2.0 39.3 12.03 2.1 39.4 13.07 4.7 39.2

5 ..................................................................... 14.77 2.6 39.8 14.58 2.9 39.9 16.59 4.8 39.2

6 ..................................................................... 15.73 3.4 39.6 15.76 3.6 39.6 15.41 3.7 39.8

7 ..................................................................... 17.87 1.6 39.8 17.88 1.6 39.9 17.84 4.8 39.5

8 ..................................................................... 18.96 2.4 40.4 18.87 2.5 40.4 – – –

9 ..................................................................... 22.81 1.6 40.0 23.48 1.7 40.0 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 20.56 6.5 40.0 23.68 8.4 40.0 – – –

Precision production, craft, and repair ...................... 16.75 1.6 39.8 16.74 1.9 39.9 16.85 3.6 38.8

1 ..................................................................... 10.34 11.9 35.2 10.41 12.1 39.3 – – –

2 ..................................................................... 8.71 9.7 39.9 8.74 10.5 39.9 – – –

3 ..................................................................... 10.07 4.0 39.7 9.96 4.9 40.0 10.78 15.0 37.7

4 ..................................................................... 12.04 3.9 39.3 11.96 4.2 39.3 – – –

5 ..................................................................... 15.00 5.0 39.9 14.95 5.6 39.9 15.37 6.2 39.5

6 ..................................................................... 16.18 5.2 39.9 16.20 5.3 39.9 – – –

7 ..................................................................... 18.48 1.9 39.8 18.50 1.8 39.9 18.40 6.1 39.6

8 ..................................................................... 19.10 2.5 40.4 19.00 2.5 40.4 – – –

9 ..................................................................... 22.51 1.8 40.0 23.16 1.7 40.0 – – –

Not able to be leveled .................................... 21.43 7.1 40.2 – – – – – –

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..... 10.38 4.1 38.6 10.27 4.1 38.6 15.58 6.0 38.5

1 ..................................................................... 6.97 7.1 33.1 6.97 7.1 33.2 – – –

2 ..................................................................... 8.60 2.5 39.7 8.57 2.6 39.7 – – –

3 ..................................................................... 9.61 4.8 39.9 9.61 4.8 39.9 – – –

4 ..................................................................... 11.45 3.1 39.9 11.42 3.2 39.9 – – –

5 ..................................................................... 13.18 2.1 39.9 13.18 2.1 39.9 – – –

6 ..................................................................... 14.00 2.2 38.8 13.93 2.4 38.7 – – –

7 ..................................................................... 15.86 2.8 39.7 15.69 2.8 39.7 – – –

Transportation and material moving ......................... 14.08 3.4 37.2 13.82 3.6 37.1 15.93 5.2 38.0

1 ..................................................................... 8.45 12.8 25.6 8.47 13.4 25.7 – – –

2 ..................................................................... 10.00 5.1 32.7 9.67 5.1 32.3 – – –

3 ..................................................................... 11.63 5.6 39.1 11.58 6.0 39.0 – – –

4 ..................................................................... 13.70 3.1 38.2 13.53 3.1 38.2 15.46 9.8 37.7

5 ..................................................................... 17.90 5.4 39.9 17.65 6.9 40.2 – – –

6 ..................................................................... 16.57 6.9 40.0 16.72 8.0 40.0 15.71 7.1 40.0

7 ..................................................................... 17.62 7.9 41.4 17.62 7.9 41.4 – – –

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and

laborers ....................................................................... 9.69 3.8 33.4 9.42 4.3 33.1 12.63 3.3 37.4

1 ..................................................................... 6.72 4.0 28.8 6.59 3.8 28.9 10.95 10.7 26.9

2 ..................................................................... 9.75 9.5 33.3 9.71 9.9 33.2 – – –

3 ..................................................................... 10.98 4.7 38.4 10.85 5.0 38.3 13.28 8.9 39.5

4 ..................................................................... 12.45 3.2 39.1 12.43 3.9 38.9 12.51 7.0 39.8

5 ..................................................................... 13.59 6.0 38.4 13.52 6.8 38.3 – – –

7 ..................................................................... 15.21 4.3 39.9 – – – – – –

Service .............................................................................. 10.07 1.7 30.6 8.31 1.8 28.9 14.88 2.1 36.6

1 ..................................................................... 7.07 2.5 25.5 6.77 2.8 25.5 9.44 5.5 25.5

2 ..................................................................... 7.50 4.0 29.9 6.69 2.9 28.8 10.76 1.7 35.9

See footnotes at end of table.

21
Table 6. Occupational groups1 and levels,2 New England: Mean hourly earnings3 and weekly hours, private industry and State and

local government, National Compensation Survey,4 1997–Continued

Occupational group and level

Total Private industry State and local government

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

hours

Hourly earnings

Mean

weekly

Mean hours

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Mean

Relative

error5

(percent)

Service –Continued

3 ..................................................................... $8.87 2.7 29.6 $8.49 2.9 28.9 $11.44 3.2 35.0

4 ..................................................................... 10.26 2.5 33.2 9.63 2.4 33.0 13.29 3.5 34.0

5 ..................................................................... 14.61 3.4 37.7 11.66 7.4 35.1 16.33 2.3 39.3

6 ..................................................................... 15.44 4.2 34.1 13.07 3.7 29.2 17.47 4.4 39.8

7 ..................................................................... 17.81 3.2 40.3 15.48 6.3 38.3 18.81 3.1 41.2

8 ..................................................................... 17.86 4.2 41.5 – – – 18.16 6.2 40.8

9 ..................................................................... 21.49 2.9 40.0 – – – 21.55 3.1 40.0

10 ................................................................... 24.82 12.1 40.0 – – – 24.82 12.1 40.0

Not able to be leveled .................................... 9.86 15.0 40.2 – – – – – –

Protective service .................................................. 14.42 3.8 36.3 8.63 4.5 32.9 17.34 1.6 38.2

1 ..................................................................... 7.33 4.3 32.1 – – – 8.18 17.9 21.6

3 ..................................................................... 8.49 4.7 30.6 8.36 5.1 31.3 9.10 8.0 28.1

4 ..................................................................... 12.71 3.7 31.4 12.05 4.0 32.0 13.42 4.9 30.7

5 ..................................................................... 16.42 2.5 39.3 12.02 6.8 40.0 16.82 2.6 39.2

6 ..................................................................... 17.52 4.0 40.0 – – – 17.68 4.3 40.0

7 ..................................................................... 18.77 3.1 41.3 – – – 18.78 3.2 41.3

8 ..................................................................... 18.18 5.4 40.7 – – – 18.16 6.2 40.8

9 ..................................................................... 21.26 3.2 40.0 – – – 21.26 3.2 40.0

10 ................................................................... 24.82 12.1 40.0 – – – 24.82 12.1 40.0

Food service ......................................................... 7.30 2.9 27.2 7.12 3.4 27.2 10.16 2.5 26.6

1 ..................................................................... 5.81 2.9 22.5 5.71 3.2 23.3 7.46 3.6 13.8

2 ..................................................................... 5.22 4.3 25.9 4.89 4.3 25.5 9.66 4.3 34.2

3 ..................................................................... 6.88 5.9 26.9 6.83 5.9 26.8 – – –

4 ..................................................................... 9.38 4.1 32.9 9.25 4.3 32.8 – – –

5 ..................................................................... 10.60 5.7 35.5 10.59 5.7 35.5 – – –

6 ..................................................................... 12.77 2.1 43.6 12.80 2.3 45.0 – – –

7 ..................................................................... 14.03 5.7 44.5 14.03 5.7 44.5 – – –

Health service ....................................................... 9.62 1.0 29.9 9.29 .9 28.6 11.29 2.2 38.4

1 ..................................................................... 8.00 3.2 19.3 8.03 3.1 18.9 – – –

2 ..................................................................... 8.97 2.8 33.4 8.06 2.1 31.2 10.88 1.7 39.1

3 ..................................................................... 9.66 1.2 29.1 9.40 1.3 28.3 11.56 3.9 37.7

4 ..................................................................... 10.05 3.1 34.2 9.73 2.3 33.9 12.86 11.8 36.5

5 ..................................................................... 10.46 5.8 36.0 10.17 6.4 35.2 – – –

Cleaning and building service ................................ 9.76 2.9 33.6 8.88 3.0 32.2 12.24 4.1 38.4

1 ..................................................................... 7.90 2.6 29.9 7.48 2.8 28.8 10.32 5.1 37.8

2 ..................................................................... 9.52 5.0 37.2 8.54 5.7 36.0 11.47 4.8 39.9

3 ..................................................................... 11.61 3.7 38.9 11.03 5.1 38.8 12.98 5.7 39.2

4 ..................................................................... 13.86 4.1 36.6 13.87 9.0 40.0 13.85 4.1 35.0

5 ..................................................................... 13.36 5.5 40.1 – – – 13.92 5.5 40.0

7 ..................................................................... 16.71 4.7 39.3 – – – – – –

Personal service .................................................... 9.58 7.3 25.4 9.29 8.4 25.8 11.61 8.5 23.1

1 ..................................................................... 5.83 5.0 15.8 5.53 2.9 17.1 7.72 11.0 10.8

2 ..................................................................... 7.14 4.2 24.6 7.03 4.5 25.7 8.17 2.7 17.8

3 ..................................................................... 9.84 8.1 28.0 8.88 5.0 26.2 – – –

4 ..................................................................... 8.44 12.4 29.5 7.86 10.5 29.5 – – –

5 ..................................................................... 18.72 35.4 25.1 18.72 35.4 25.1 – – –

6 ..................................................................... 12.30 4.1 32.5 12.30 4.1 32.5 – – –

1 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all

workers in the civilian economy. For more information, see Technical Note. 2 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based

on 10 factors, including knowledge, complexity, work environment, etc. Points are assigned

based on the occupation’s rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the

overall level of the occupation. See the Technical Note for more information. 3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They

include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium

pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. The mean is

computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers,

weighted by hours. 4 In this census division, collection was conducted between December 1996 and April

1998. The average reference period was August 1997. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the

estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For

more information about RSEs, see Technical Note.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication

criteria. Occupational groups may include data for levels not shown separately.

22
23

Technical Notes

The data in this report are based on the National Compensation Survey (NCS) conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics throughout the year. The surveys are locality-based and

cover establishments in private industry and State and local

governments. Bulletins are issued for individual localities when

sufficient data meet publication standards. Agriculture, private households, and the Federal Government are excluded

from the scope of the survey.

Survey scope. In the New England census division, the NCS

studied 887 establishments with 50 or more workers,1 representing 17,200 establishments within the scope of the survey.

(See table A.) The number of workers represented by the survey is shown in table B. For purposes of this survey, an establishment is an economic unit that produces goods or services,

a central administrative office, or an auxiliary unit providing

support services to a company. For private industry, an establishment is usually at a single physical location. For State and

local government, an establishment is defined as all locations

of a government entity.

Sampling frame. The list of establishments from which the

survey sample was selected (sampling frame) was developed

from the State unemployment insurance reports. The reference month for the public sector is June 1994. Due to the volatility of industries within the private sector, sampling frames

were developed using the most recent month of reference available at the time the sample was selected. The reference month

for the private sector is March 1996. The sampling frame was

reviewed prior to the survey and, when necessary, missing

establishments were added, out-of-business and out-of-scope

establishments were removed, and addresses, employment levels, industry classification, and other information were updated.

Sample design and data collection. The sample for this survey was selected using a three stage design. The first stage

consists of the selection of areas. The nationwide NCS sample

includes 149 metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas that represent the Nation’s 326 metropolitan statistical areas (as defined by the Office of Management and Budget) and the remaining portions of the 48 contiguous States. Metropolitan

areas are designated Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) or

Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas (CMSA), as defined in 1994 by the Office of Management and Budget.

Nonmetropolitan areas are counties that do not fit the metropolitan area definition.

The NCS locality areas that contribute to the New England

census division are:

Boston-Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT CMSA

Cheshire County, NH

Grafton County, NH

Hartford, CT MSA

Orange County, VT

Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA MSA

Springfield, MA MSA

In the second stage, the sample of establishments is drawn

by first stratifying the sampling frame by industry and ownership. The number of sample establishments allocated to each

stratum is approximately proportional to the stratum employment. Each sampled establishment is selected within a stratum with a probability proportional to its employment. Use of

this technique means that the larger an establishment’s employment, the greater its chance of selection. Weights are applied to each establishment when the data are tabulated so that

the establishment represents similar units (by industry and employment size) in the economy that are not selected for collection.

The third stage of sample selection is a probability sample

of occupations within a sampled establishment. In the New

England region, collection was conducted between December

1996 and April 1998 with an average reference period of August 1997. The combined average payroll reference month for

all surveys that contributed to the national estimates is August

1997. Additional information about the area sample and

method of estimation is available in the BLS publication, National Compensation Survey: Occupational Wages in the

United States, 1997, Bulletin 2519.

Occupational selection and classification. Identification of

the occupations for which wage data are collected is a fourstep process:

1. Probability-proportional-to-size selection of establishment

jobs

2. Classification of jobs into occupations based on the Census of Population system

3. Characterization of jobs as full time v. part time, union v.

nonunion, and time v. incentive

4. Determination of the level of work of each job

For each occupation, wage data are collected for those

workers who meet all the criteria identified in the last three

steps. Special procedures are developed for jobs for which a

correct classification or level can not be determined.

 1 Establishments classified as employing between 50 and 99 workers may

include establishments with fewer than 50 workers because staff reductions

may have taken place between the time of sampling and the time of data

collection.
24

In step one, the jobs to be sampled are selected at each

establishment by the BLS field economist during a personal

visit. A complete list of employees is used for sampling, with

each selected worker representing a job within the establishment. As with the selection of establishments, the selection

of a job is based on probability proportional to its size in the

establishment. The greater the number of people working in

a job in the establishment, the greater its chance of selection.

The second step of the process entails classifying the selected jobs into occupations based on their duties. The National Compensation Survey occupational classification system is based on the 1990 Census of Population. A selected job

may fall into any one of about 480 occupational classifications, from accountant to wood lathe operator. In cases where

a job’s duties overlap two or more census classification codes,

the duties used to set the wage level are used to classify the

job. Classification by primary duties is the fallback.

In step three, certain other job characteristics of the chosen

workers are identified. First, the worker is identified as holding either a full- or part-time job, based on the establishment’s

definition of those terms. Then the worker is classified as having a time versus incentive job, depending on whether any

part of pay is directly based on the actual production of the

workers, rather than solely on hours worked. Finally, the worker

is identified as being in a union job or a nonunion job.

The fourth step in the job classification procedure is to

determine the work level of each of the establishment’s selected jobs, using a “generic leveling” process. This process,

involving discussions between the Bureau’s field economist

and the respondent, ranks and compares all selected establishment occupations using 10 leveling factors. For more information on generic leveling and an example of using the criteria for leveling a job, see appendixes C and D at www.bls.gov/

compub.htm or any of our published NCS bulletins. This web

site also has a link to the NCS job descriptions.

Data reliability. The data in this summary are estimates from

a scientifically selected probability sample. There are two types

of errors possible in an estimate based on a sample survey,

sampling and nonsampling.

Sampling errors occur because observations come only from

a sample and not from an entire population. The sample used

for this survey is one of a number of possible samples of the

same size that could have been selected using the sample design. Estimates derived from the different samples would differ from each other.

A measure of the variation among these differing estimates

is called the standard error or sampling error. It indicates the

precision with which an estimate from a particular sample

approximates the average result of all possible samples. The

relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error divided by

the estimate. Tables in this report provide RSE data for indicated series.

The standard error can be used to calculate a “confidence

interval” around a sample estimate. As an example, suppose

the mean hourly earnings for all workers is $15.09 per hour

with a relative standard error of 0.6 percent for this estimate.

At the 90-percent level, the confidence interval for this estimate is $15.24 to $14.94 ($15.09 x 1.645 x 0.006 = $0.149,

round to $0.15); ($15.09 + .15 = $15.24; $15.09 - .15 =

$14.94). If all possible samples were selected to estimate the

population value, the interval from each sample would include

the true population value approximately 90 percent of the time.

Nonsampling errors also affect survey results. They can

stem from many sources, such as inability to obtain information for some establishments, difficulties with survey definitions, inability of the respondents to provide correct information, or mistakes in recording or coding the data obtained. A

Technical Reinterview Program conducted in all survey areas

will be used to develop a formal quality assessment process to

help compute nonsampling error. Although they also are not

specifically measured, efforts are made to minimize

nonsampling errors by the extensive training of field economists who gather survey data, edit the data by computer, and

provide a detailed review of the data.

Census area divisions. Census divisions providing data are

defined as follows: New EnglandConnecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine, Vermont, and Rhode Island;

Middle AtlanticNew Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania;

East North CentralIllinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and

Wisconsin; West North CentralIowa, Kansas, Minnesota,

Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska; South

AtlanticDelaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West

Virginia; East South CentralAlabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South CentralArkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; MountainMontana, Idaho,

Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and Nevada; and PacificWashington, Oregon, California, Hawaii,

and Alaska.2 Some census divisions include Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas (CMSAs) and Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) that cross State lines.

Additional information about the National Compensation

Survey, including a list of occupational classifications, is available by calling (202) 691-6199. You may also write to the

Bureau of Labor Statistics at: Division of Compensation Data

Analysis and Planning, 2 Massachusetts Ave., NE, Room 4175,

Washington, DC 20212-0001, or send e-mail to

OCLTINFO@bls.gov.

2

 Although Alaska and Hawaii are included in the Pacific Census Division, the 1997 NCS excluded these States.
25

The data contained in this summary are also available on

the Internet through the BLS site http://stats.bls.gov/

comhome.htm. Data are in three formats: An ASCII file containing the published table formats; an ASCII file containing

positional columns of data for manipulation as a data base or

spreadsheet; and a Portable Document Format (PDF) containing the entire summary.

Material in this summary is in the public domain and, with

appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission. This

information is available to sensory impaired individuals upon

request. Voice phone: (202) 6915200; Federal Information

Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339.
Table A. Number of establishments represented by the survey and number studied by industry group and establishment

employment size, New England, National Compensation Survey, 1997

Industry division

Number of

establishments represented1

Number of establishments studied

Total 50 - 99

workers

100 - 499

workers

500 - 999

workers

1000 -

2,499

workers

2,500 -

4,999

workers

5,000 or

more

workers

All .................................................................................................... 17,200 887 222 395 128 95 25 22

Private Industry .......................................................................... 15,500 763 205 343 103 80 18 14

Goods-producing industries ..................................................... 4,500 221 57 88 42 28 3 3

Mining .................................................................................. 2 () 3 2 1 – – – –

Construction ......................................................................... 500 18 11 6 1 – – –

Manufacturing ...................................................................... 4,100 200 44 81 41 28 3 3

Durable goods ................................................................. 2,400 152 32 57 32 25 3 3

Fabricated metal products, except machinery and

transportation equipment ....................................... 400 21 7 9 5 – – –

Industrial and commercial machinery and computer

equipment .............................................................. 300 24 4 10 4 6 – –

Electronic and electrical equipment ............................. 400 32 3 146711

Transportation equipment ............................................ 100 18 345222

Measuring, analyzing, and controlling instruments ...... 300 25 2 10 7 6 – –

Nondurable goods ........................................................... 1,700 48 12 24 9 3 – –

Food and kindred products .......................................... 200 9 2 4 3 – – –

Printing, publishing, and allied industries ..................... 400 19 4 10 2 3 – –

Chemicals and allied products ..................................... 100 3 1 – 2 – – –

Service-producing industries ................................................... 11,000 542 148 255 61 52 15 11

Transportation and utilities ................................................... 700 41 8 20 6 6 1–

Wholesale trade ................................................................... 800 30 9 17 3 1 – –

Retail trade .......................................................................... 3,500 119 48 62 4 4 1–

Finance, insurance and real estate ...................................... 800 58 12 22 8 10 2 4

Depository institutions ...................................................... 300 13 5 3 1 3– 1

Insurance carriers ............................................................ 200 28 3 116521

Services ............................................................................... 5,200 294 71 134 40 31 11 7

Business services ............................................................ 900 45 11 26 5 2 – 1

Educational services ........................................................ 300 59 18 19 13423

Health services ................................................................ 2,000 119 15 54 17 21 9 3

Hospitals ...................................................................... 500 55 2 7 13 21 9 3

Engineering, accounting, research, management, and

related services .......................................................... 400 14 5 5 1 3– –

State and local government ...................................................... 1,700 124 17 52 25 15 7 8

Health services ................................................................ 100 17 191321

Hospitals ...................................................................... 2 () 6 – 1 1 2 2 –

1 Number of establishments represented by the survey rounded to the nearest 100. 2 Number of establishments represented by the survey is fewer than 50.

NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported. Overall industry and industry groups

may include data for categories not shown separately.

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Table B. Number of workers1 represented by the survey, by occupational group,2 New England,

National Compensation Survey,3 1997

Occupational group All industries Private industry State and local

government

All ............................................................................................. 3,217,600 2,600,100 617,500

All excluding sales ................................................................ 3,001,700 2,386,600 615,000

White collar ......................................................................... 1,930,500 1,499,100 431,500

White collar excluding sales ............................................. 1,714,600 1,285,600 429,000

Professional specialty and technical ................................. 817,100 569,900 247,200

Professional specialty occupations ............................... 656,800 421,200 235,700

Technical occupations .................................................. 160,200 148,700 11,500

Executive, administrative, and managerial ....................... 320,300 265,200 55,100

Sales ................................................................................. 215,900 213,500 2,400

Administrative support, including clerical .......................... 577,300 450,500 126,700

Blue collar ........................................................................... 704,200 652,800 51,400

Precision production, craft, and repair .............................. 199,300 173,400 26,000

Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. 273,100 267,900 5,200

Transportation and material moving ................................. 67,500 59,200 8,300

Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ...... 164,200 152,300 11,900

Service ................................................................................. 582,900 448,300 134,700

1 Number of workers represented by the survey are rounded

to the nearest 100. Estimates of the number of workers provide a

description of size and composition of the labor force included in

the survey. Estimates are not intended, however, for comparison

with other statistical series to measure employment trends or

levels. Both full-time and part-time workers were included in the

survey.

2 A classification system including about 480 individual

occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy.

For more information, see Technical Note. 3 In this census division, collection was conducted between

December 1996 and April 1998. The average reference period

was August 1997.

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