U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – OCTOBER 2018 

Prices for U.S. imports increased 0.5 percent in October, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, 

after advancing 0.2 percent in September. Higher fuel and nonfuel prices contributed to the October 

increase. U.S. export prices advanced 0.4 percent in October after recording no change in September. 

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: October 2017 – October 2018

Imports 

Import prices advanced 0.5 percent in October, the largest monthly increase since a 0.9-percent rise in May. 

Prices for U.S. imports rose 3.5 percent from October 2017 to October 2018 and have not recorded an overthe-year decrease in 2 years when the index declined 0.2 in October 2016. (See table 1.) 

Fuel Imports: The price index for import fuels increased 3.3 percent in October, after advancing 0.7 

percent in September; the rise was the largest monthly advance since a 6.1-percent increase in May. Higher 

prices for both petroleum and natural gas contributed to the advance in October. Prices for petroleum 

increased 2.8 percent in October after rising 0.9 percent the previous month. Natural gas prices rose 24.6 

percent in October, the largest monthly increase since a 25.7-percent advance in November 2017. Fuel 

prices increased 30.3 percent for the year ended in October, led by a 31.4-percent advance in petroleum 

prices. The price index for natural gas rose 24.6 percent over the past 12 months. 

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Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until 

8:30 a.m. (EST) Thursday, November 15, 2018 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

USDL-18-1825
2

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Nonfuel import prices advanced 0.2 percent in October, after recording no 

change in September. Higher prices for foods, feeds, and beverages drove the October advance and more 

than offset decreasing prices for capital goods; consumer goods; and nonfuel industrial supplies and 

materials. The price index for nonfuel imports increased 0.7 percent over the past 12 months. The over-theyear advance was driven mostly by a 3.4-percent rise in nonfuel industrial supplies and materials, as well as 

higher prices for consumer goods and automotive vehicles. In contrast, prices for capital goods and foods, 

feeds, and beverages fell over the past year. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices decreased 0.1 

percent in October after declining 0.4 percent in September. The October decrease was driven by lower 

prices for selected building materials and finished metals. 

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were little changed in October. Capital goods and consumer goods 

prices both edged down 0.1 percent and the price index for automotive vehicles ticked up 0.1 percent. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Import prices for foods, feeds, and beverages rose 2.2 percent in October, 

after advancing 2.0 percent in September. The October increase was led by a 30.6-percent rise in vegetable 

prices. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories 
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent change in the Export Price Index: October 2017 – October 2018 

Exports 

U.S. export prices advanced 0.4 percent in October, after recording no change in September. The October 

advance was the largest monthly increase since the index rose 0.7 percent in May. Higher nonagricultural 

prices more than offset decreasing agricultural prices. For the 12-month period ended in October, U.S. 

export prices advanced 3.1 percent. (See table 2.) 

Agricultural Exports: Agricultural export prices fell 0.3 percent in October after declining 6.1 percent over 

the previous 3 months. The October drop in agricultural prices was led by lower nut and cotton prices, 

which fell 4.6 percent and 5.3 percent, respectively. The price index for agricultural exports decreased 4.5 

percent over the past year, the largest decline since the index fell 5.2 percent in May 2016. Falling prices for 

soybeans, nuts, and meat all contributed to the 12-month decrease. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports rose 0.5 percent in October 

following a 0.2-percent increase in September. Higher prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 

materials drove the October advance; rising automotive vehicles prices also contributed to the increase. In 

contrast, consumer goods prices fell in October. The price index for nonagricultural exports increased 3.9 

percent over the past 12 months and has not recorded an over-the-year decline since the index decreased 0.2 

percent in November 2016. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 

advanced 1.7 percent in October, after rising 0.2 percent in September. The October increase was led by 

higher prices for fuels and paper.

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mixed in October. The price index for consumer goods 

declined 0.2 percent, automotive vehicles prices ticked up 0.1 percent, and the price index for capital goods 

recorded no change. The decrease in consumer goods prices was driven by lower prices for household goods 

and the increase in prices for automotive vehicles was led by a 0.4-percent advance in prices for vehicles 

designed to transport goods. 

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Oct'17 Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct'18

1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality 

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China edged down 0.1 percent after recording no 

change in September and declining 0.2 percent in August. Despite the recent decreases, import prices from 

China advanced 0.3 percent from October 2017 to October 2018. Prices for imports from Japan rose 0.1 

percent in October, the first monthly increase since the index rose 0.2 percent in July. Import prices from 

Japan advanced 1.3 percent for the year ended in October, the largest 12-month increase since the index rose 

1.4 percent in March 2017. Import prices from the European Union advanced 0.2 percent in October, the 

largest increase since the index rose 0.3 percent in May. The price indexes for imports from Canada and 

Mexico also increased in October, advancing 1.3 percent and 0.4 percent, respectively. Higher fuel prices 

contributed to both increases. (See table 7.) 

Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China increased 1.0 percent in October, after 

declining 1.7 percent in September. The October advance was the largest rise since the index increased 1.2 

percent in March. The index for export prices to Japan rose 0.2 percent in October. The price index for 

exports to Mexico advanced 1.1 percent in October, the largest increase since the index rose 1.2 percent in 

January. Export prices to Canada rose 0.4 percent, after a 0.4-percent increase the previous month. Those 

were the largest monthly increases since a 0.8-percent advance in May. The price index for exports to the 

European Union increased 0.3 percent in October, matching the rise in May. The last time the index 

advanced by more than 0.3 percent was a 0.7-percent advance in April. (See table 8.) 

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on the country, region, or grouping and 

measure the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade index 

with China rose 1.1 percent in October following a 1.7-percent decline in September. The October increase 

resulted from both the export price index to China rising and prices for imports from China decreasing. The 

index for U.S. terms of trade with Japan ticked up 0.1 percent in October after declining 0.1 percent the 

previous month. The U.S. terms of trade index with Canada declined 0.9 percent, the largest decrease since 

the index fell 2.4 percent in May. The U.S. terms of trade index with Mexico advanced 0.7 percent in 

October. The index for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union ticked up 0.1 percent following a 0.2-

percent advance in September. (See table 9.) 

Import and Export Services 

Imports: Import air passenger fares increased 0.7 percent in October, after advancing 10.7 percent in 

September. A 2.8-percent increase in European fares, a 0.7-percent advance in Asian fares, and a 1.7-

percent rise in Latin American/Caribbean fares all contributed to the overall increase for air passenger fares 

in October. Despite the monthly advances in October and September, import air passenger fares fell 2.2 

percent over the past year; the drop was the largest 12-month decline since a 3.7-percent decrease in 

September 2017. Import air freight prices rose 2.4 percent in October and 10.5 percent over the past 12 

months. (See table 10.) 

Exports: Export air passenger fares declined 1.8 percent in October, after decreasing 2.8 percent in 

September and 3.7 percent in August. The October decrease was driven by a 6.0-percent decline in Asian 

fares and a 2.0-percent drop in Latin American/Caribbean fares. The index for export air passenger fares 

decreased 2.9 percent from October 2017 to October 2018. Prices for export air freight rose 0.5 percent in 

October and declined 1.0 percent over the past year. 

 

Import and Export Price Index data for November are scheduled for release on Thursday, December 13, 2018 

at 8:30 a.m. (EST). 
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2017 to

October 2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Sept.

20181

Index Percent change

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2017 to

Oct.

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2018 to

Oct.

2018

All commodities................................... 100.000 127.8 128.4 3.5 -0.1 -0.4 0.2 0.5

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 82.314 100.3 100.2 0.7 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 88.897 113.2 113.4 0.8 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.2

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 88.286 117.4 117.6 0.7 -0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.2

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 5.972 179.6 183.5 -0.6 -1.5 0.5 2.0 2.2

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 4.674 196.4 201.9 -0.9 -2.1 0.7 2.3 2.8

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.298 142.2 141.9 0.7 0.7 -0.1 0.9 -0.2

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 25.918 197.7 200.6 14.2 -0.2 -1.4 0.1 1.5

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 14.873 156.1 156.9 3.8 -0.8 -1.0 -0.5 0.5

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 14.192 178.6 178.5 3.4 -1.0 -1.0 -0.4 -0.1

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 8.964 168.6 167.7 1.9 -1.6 -1.4 -0.9 -0.5

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 5.852 140.3 143.3 6.8 0.5 -0.3 -0.1 2.1

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 11.714 229.2 236.7 30.3 0.8 -2.1 0.7 3.3

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 11.103 253.8 260.9 31.4 0.5 -2.1 0.9 2.8

Crude........................................ 10000 7.990 267.3 274.2 33.8 0.7 -3.1 1.4 2.6

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.430 85.4 100.0 21.4 8.1 -3.0 -2.8 17.1

Gas-natural.................................. 10110 0.284 65.8 82.0 24.6 21.5 -5.0 -4.2 24.6

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.595 122.5 122.7 13.0 1.9 1.2 0.2 0.2

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 4.707 162.5 164.0 4.9 -0.5 -0.2 0.2 0.9

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.617 152.6 145.0 -4.9 -2.0 -2.6 -1.8 -5.0

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 3.801 230.6 233.5 4.1 -2.8 -2.0 -1.4 1.3

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 1.789 160.7 160.0 2.2 -0.4 -1.2 -0.1 -0.4

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.695 114.7 114.0 3.4 0.5 0.6 0.3 -0.6

Capital goods................................... 2 26.437 89.3 89.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.1

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.224 118.1 117.9 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.2

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 20.999 81.7 81.7 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 2.213 134.5 134.5 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 15.686 110.4 110.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 25.987 107.6 107.5 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 12.848 123.8 123.7 2.0 0.8 0.0 0.1 -0.1

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 11.852 92.5 92.4 -0.6 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 1.287 115.3 115.1 0.2 -1.0 1.0 0.3 -0.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2017 to

October 2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Sept.

20181

Index Percent change

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2017 to

Oct.

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2018 to

Oct.

2018

All commodities................................... 100.000 127.3 127.8 3.1 -0.5 -0.1 0.0 0.4

Agricultural commodities....................... 9.456 172.9 172.3 -4.5 -5.2 0.3 -1.3 -0.3

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 80.622 101.4 101.4 1.6 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.0

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 90.544 123.8 124.4 3.9 0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.5

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 8.856 174.6 174.7 -4.6 -4.7 0.5 -1.4 0.1

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 8.217 172.4 172.5 -5.3 -5.2 0.4 -1.5 0.1

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.639 216.7 216.2 5.3 1.9 0.9 1.1 -0.2

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 32.090 163.5 165.8 9.4 -0.1 -0.5 0.2 1.4

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.147 162.2 162.4 0.4 -1.2 -2.2 -0.6 0.1

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 21.943 164.3 167.7 14.2 0.4 0.2 0.6 2.1

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.239 182.0 177.2 1.2 -4.9 -0.4 0.1 -2.6

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials...................................... 30.851 162.9 165.6 9.8 0.1 -0.6 0.2 1.7

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 10.522 210.2 219.3 24.3 0.9 0.4 1.4 4.3

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 19.320 158.9 159.4 3.7 -0.4 -1.0 -0.4 0.3

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.009 123.0 121.7 -1.5 0.1 -1.2 -0.5 -1.1

Capital goods................................... 2 36.547 110.1 110.1 1.5 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.905 117.7 117.1 1.5 -0.5 0.9 -0.2 -0.5

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 23.490 95.0 95.0 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 9.152 177.0 177.1 3.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 10.057 114.2 114.3 0.8 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 12.450 109.8 109.6 0.4 0.0 -0.1 0.1 -0.2

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 6.060 106.5 106.6 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 4.957 107.5 106.9 -0.7 0.0 -0.2 0.0 -0.6

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: October 2017 to October 2018

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Sept.

20181

Index Percent change

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2017 to

Oct.

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2018 to

Oct.

2018

Nonmanufacturing................................ 10.448 120.4 125.1 23.6 0.4 -2.2 1.9 3.9

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 1.945 178.7 189.8 -1.8 -4.1 2.2 5.9 6.2

Crop production............................... 111 1.567 190.9 205.3 -3.0 -5.1 2.4 7.5 7.5

Animal production (Dec. 2014=100)........ 112 0.188 76.3 78.7 7.5 -0.7 0.7 -0.5 3.1

Mining............................................ 21 8.503 115.0 118.9 31.5 1.3 -3.2 1.1 3.4

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 8.266 115.4 119.3 32.6 1.4 -3.3 1.2 3.4

Manufacturing..................................... 89.281 112.2 112.3 1.5 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.1

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.246 125.0 125.0 0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 3.359 155.5 155.7 -0.6 -0.8 -0.1 0.1 0.1

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.096 121.8 122.0 2.1 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.2

Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)............... 313 0.381 100.2 100.1 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.2 -0.1

Textile product mills.......................... 314 0.910 109.0 109.0 -0.4 0.0 0.3 -0.6 0.0

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.840 111.9 111.9 0.9 -0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.661 123.3 123.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.2

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 18.539 129.3 129.6 6.6 0.3 0.1 -0.2 0.2

Wood product manufacturing................ 321 0.999 135.1 124.0 -8.3 -2.9 -3.8 -2.5 -8.2

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.081 115.8 115.9 9.4 1.8 1.8 -0.1 0.1

Printing and related support activities

(Dec. 2016=100)........................... 323 0.220 106.4 106.4 7.5 1.0 0.6 1.0 0.0

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 2.848 104.6 107.8 27.9 -0.1 1.0 -0.4 3.1

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 10.220 141.9 142.4 4.6 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.4

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.183 119.5 119.6 1.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.1

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.988 131.3 131.2 1.9 0.3 -0.2 0.1 -0.1

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 59.495 104.4 104.5 0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1 0.1

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.348 153.5 155.3 4.3 -2.4 -2.1 -1.0 1.2

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.086 127.8 127.4 1.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.3

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 6.721 118.5 118.5 0.6 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 16.770 74.9 74.7 -1.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.3

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 4.878 116.1 116.1 0.9 0.2 0.1 -0.1 0.0

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 16.647 109.5 109.6 0.3 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.1

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 1.770 117.5 117.3 1.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 -0.2

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.274 118.3 118.6 0.9 -0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: October 2017 to October 2018

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Sept.

20181

Index Percent change

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2017 to

Oct.

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2018 to

Oct.

2018

Nonmanufacturing................................ 8.283 137.2 137.2 -0.4 -5.3 1.4 -0.9 0.0

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 4.765 145.5 145.1 -7.6 -8.7 1.6 -2.9 -0.3

Crop production............................... 111 4.393 151.0 150.9 -7.5 -9.0 2.0 -3.3 -0.1

Mining............................................ 21 3.518 97.1 97.5 11.3 -0.3 1.2 2.0 0.4

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.139 113.1 113.0 5.4 1.1 -2.2 0.1 -0.1

Manufacturing..................................... 90.264 117.4 117.9 3.6 0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.4

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.872 139.5 138.8 -0.3 -0.9 -0.6 0.4 -0.5

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.651 156.0 155.2 -1.9 -0.8 -0.8 -0.1 -0.5

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.701 122.5 121.2 5.4 -3.4 -1.5 2.8 -1.1

Textile mills (Dec. 2016=100)............... 313 0.644 105.4 105.1 3.9 0.5 0.4 -0.4 -0.3

Leather and allied product manufacturing

(Dec. 2016=100)........................... 316 0.256 93.1 93.1 -2.6 -1.8 -0.3 0.2 0.0

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 25.895 119.9 122.1 10.3 0.6 -0.1 0.3 1.8

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.534 102.8 101.4 – -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 -1.4

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.720 132.5 132.6 7.1 0.8 -0.2 0.5 0.1

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 7.006 124.3 131.6 30.2 1.6 -0.6 1.1 5.9

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 13.332 120.0 120.5 4.4 0.3 0.2 -0.1 0.4

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.232 115.9 115.9 1.3 -0.2 0.1 -0.2 0.0

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.829 117.0 116.9 1.8 -0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.1

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 57.497 114.1 114.0 1.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.1

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 3.814 141.6 141.9 2.0 -2.0 -2.1 -0.1 0.2

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.040 141.0 141.7 2.6 0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.5

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 8.957 127.7 128.2 2.0 0.1 0.4 -0.1 0.4

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 13.964 83.4 83.0 -0.5 0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.5

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.861 118.3 117.8 1.8 -0.3 0.6 -0.1 -0.4

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 18.117 127.2 127.3 2.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1

Furniture and related product

manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100).......... 337 0.404 120.7 120.7 2.5 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.341 120.3 120.3 0.8 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2017 to

October 2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Sept.

20181

Index Percent change

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2017 to

Oct.

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2018 to

Oct.

2018

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.352 192.6 194.2 1.6 0.2 0.3 -0.4 0.8

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.358 239.0 240.3 -2.9 -0.8 -0.4 -2.6 0.5

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.706 141.8 142.4 1.7 0.7 -0.2 1.9 0.4

Vegetable products............................... II 1.920 210.7 226.0 -3.0 -4.8 3.0 6.7 7.3

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.357 384.1 552.3 21.6 1.5 0.0 5.9 43.8

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.846 135.3 132.1 -12.8 -9.2 4.8 14.7 -2.4

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.302 201.4 204.3 -9.2 -1.0 -1.0 -3.6 1.4

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.254 97.6 95.4 -18.6 -1.3 -1.1 -0.2 -2.3

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 2.783 166.2 165.5 2.2 -0.5 -0.2 0.2 -0.4

Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec.

2012=100)..................................... 17 0.194 88.1 88.0 0.9 -0.1 -0.3 0.7 -0.1

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.203 98.4 96.7 1.8 -1.2 -3.2 2.0 -1.7

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or

other parts of plants.......................... 20 0.374 174.6 174.9 2.2 0.3 0.7 0.9 0.2

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.207 103.3 103.0 – 1.1 0.1 0.0 -0.3

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.037 132.0 132.2 2.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2

Mineral products.................................. V 11.528 229.5 236.8 30.5 1.0 -2.1 0.7 3.2

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 11.266 227.3 234.8 31.3 0.8 -2.1 0.8 3.3

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 9.565 159.9 160.4 5.3 0.9 -0.1 0.3 0.3

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.642 326.6 334.6 23.0 0.5 -0.4 3.6 2.4

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.432 133.5 133.2 6.0 -0.1 -0.2 0.2 -0.2

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 4.507 153.8 153.7 3.9 1.5 -0.1 0.0 -0.1

Fertilizers (Dec. 2009=100).................... 31 0.267 83.5 89.8 14.2 -0.1 2.6 -0.5 7.5

Tanning extracts; dye, pigments, varnish,

paints & putty (Dec. 2011=100)............. 32 0.182 106.9 106.7 0.8 1.1 -0.9 -1.2 -0.2

Essential oils and resinoids (Dec.

2016=100)..................................... 33 0.578 103.4 103.7 1.2 -0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.635 106.9 106.9 1.4 0.2 -0.4 0.0 0.0

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 3.392 141.3 141.6 0.7 -0.1 0.3 -0.2 0.2

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.239 144.8 145.3 1.6 0.1 0.4 -0.1 0.3

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.153 136.7 136.3 -1.0 -0.6 0.1 -0.3 -0.3

Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel

goods, etc....................................... VIII 0.630 124.9 124.9 0.6 -0.1 -0.1 -0.6 0.0

Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc.

of various materials........................... 42 0.597 130.9 130.9 1.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.4 0.0

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw,

basketware and wickerwork................. IX 1.032 164.7 151.6 -7.8 -2.9 -3.7 -2.4 -8.0

Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal

(Dec. 2014=100).............................. 44 1.008 113.7 104.4 -8.0 -3.0 -3.7 -2.4 -8.2

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.131 121.3 121.3 9.4 2.0 0.9 -0.1 0.0

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.736 111.0 111.4 8.1 2.2 0.7 -0.4 0.4

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2017 to

October 2018 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Sept.

20181

Index Percent change

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2017 to

Oct.

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2018 to

Oct.

2018

Printed matter (Dec. 2015=100)............... 49 0.215 111.9 111.1 5.9 0.9 0.4 0.1 -0.7

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 4.982 114.5 114.5 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

knitted or crocheted.......................... 61 2.000 104.4 104.5 0.9 -0.2 -0.1 0.4 0.1

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.699 120.4 120.3 1.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 -0.1

Made-up or worn textile articles............... 63 0.635 104.1 104.2 0.3 0.0 0.4 -0.2 0.1

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.373 122.4 122.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.2

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 1.149 121.3 121.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.2

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.922 132.2 132.3 1.0 0.0 -0.2 0.2 0.1

Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

or mica (Dec. 2015=100).................... 68 0.331 99.8 99.7 2.6 0.0 -0.7 0.1 -0.1

Ceramic products................................ 69 0.255 135.1 135.3 -0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

Glass and glassware............................ 70 0.336 132.3 132.5 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 2.935 167.3 168.7 -1.1 -1.7 -1.6 -0.7 0.8

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 5.552 179.9 180.5 3.6 -1.1 -1.2 -0.6 0.3

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.357 230.6 230.8 13.0 0.7 -1.1 0.0 0.1

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.597 152.4 151.1 1.5 -0.1 -0.3 -0.1 -0.9

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.373 270.9 283.5 -2.9 -7.1 -4.7 -3.1 4.7

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.933 138.1 139.1 2.1 -1.8 -1.4 -0.9 0.7

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.417 123.3 123.6 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.511 137.0 136.8 -0.7 0.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.1

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 28.584 80.4 80.3 -0.5 -0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 14.016 86.8 86.8 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 14.568 74.4 74.2 -1.2 -0.3 0.0 0.0 -0.3

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.872 114.2 114.3 0.4 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 12.688 113.3 113.4 0.5 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec.

2002=100)..................................... 88 1.095 114.9 115.0 -0.6 -0.2 -0.1 -0.3 0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 3.811 102.2 102.5 0.5 0.0 -0.3 0.0 0.3

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.525 98.8 99.0 0.4 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.2

Clocks and watches and parts thereof. . . . . .. 91 0.226 142.3 143.7 -0.1 0.4 -0.3 0.4 1.0

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.294 112.8 112.9 1.5 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.704 118.5 118.5 1.4 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.308 103.2 103.5 2.2 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.3

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.282 129.5 130.2 0.4 0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.5

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2017 to

October 2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Sept.

20181

Index Percent change

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2017 to

Oct.

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2018 to

Oct.

2018

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.921 207.6 207.8 -0.5 0.7 -1.0 0.1 0.1

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.132 160.5 160.1 -4.0 0.6 -1.9 -1.2 -0.2

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100).............. 03 0.420 119.3 119.3 5.7 2.9 0.6 0.9 0.0

Dairy products, eggs and honey (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 04 0.293 107.5 109.5 – -1.6 0.9 4.4 1.9

Vegetable products............................... II 4.418 183.4 184.1 -8.0 -8.9 1.6 -2.6 0.4

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.808 130.6 129.2 -10.7 -5.3 -3.0 -0.3 -1.1

Cereals............................................ 10 1.404 190.5 190.9 6.8 -7.7 5.0 -3.2 0.2

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 1.681 178.7 178.6 -10.5 -11.7 2.4 -6.9 -0.1

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.045 150.5 149.7 0.1 -1.6 -0.3 0.0 -0.5

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or

other parts of plants (Dec. 2009=100). . . .. 20 0.341 116.2 116.2 -0.9 -0.5 0.1 -0.5 0.0

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.569 97.8 97.6 – -1.5 1.7 0.3 -0.2

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.514 105.8 106.1 -5.2 -0.5 -1.0 -2.7 0.3

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.724 215.8 210.1 7.5 -4.3 -2.2 1.2 -2.6

Mineral products.................................. V 10.863 251.3 261.4 23.5 0.9 0.0 1.3 4.0

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.478 94.8 94.7 -8.0 -2.5 -7.3 -3.0 -0.1

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 10.204 244.2 254.6 25.9 1.0 0.4 1.6 4.3

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 10.790 139.5 139.9 3.5 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.672 151.7 146.7 -7.2 -5.5 -3.2 -0.7 -3.3

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.622 149.4 151.2 11.6 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.2

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 3.186 106.5 106.4 0.9 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Fertilizers (Dec. 2016=100).................... 31 0.273 127.9 132.5 26.7 0.5 1.6 4.1 3.6

Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints

varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100). . .. 32 0.531 102.4 102.5 0.5 0.2 0.0 -0.2 0.1

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.808 130.9 130.7 -1.1 -0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.2

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.492 119.8 121.5 -3.6 -0.2 0.5 -0.1 1.4

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 1.823 154.0 154.6 5.9 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.4

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 5.195 145.1 145.7 4.2 0.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.4

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 4.308 141.5 142.2 4.6 0.4 -0.2 -0.1 0.5

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.887 159.3 159.3 2.1 -0.6 0.5 -0.1 0.0

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.661 102.9 100.5 -3.1 -0.5 -2.0 -1.4 -2.3

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 2.087 133.5 136.0 12.3 1.1 -0.4 -0.9 1.9

Woodpulp and recovered paper............... 47 0.647 141.2 148.6 31.6 2.7 -1.7 -2.3 5.2

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 1.104 129.6 130.0 4.5 0.6 0.1 -0.2 0.3

Printed material (Dec. 2014=100)............. 49 0.336 107.9 108.4 6.8 -0.3 0.0 -0.2 0.5

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 1.694 125.8 124.4 3.9 -1.0 1.2 -0.3 -1.1

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: October 2017 to

October 2018 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Sept.

20181

Index Percent change

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2017 to

Oct.

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2018 to

Oct.

2018

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.454 135.0 129.3 5.0 -3.2 2.3 -3.7 -4.2

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.803 124.3 124.3 0.6 -0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0

Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

or mica (Dec. 2015=100).................... 68 0.270 102.6 102.6 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0

Glass and glassware............................ 70 0.409 99.2 99.2 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 3.926 230.4 232.0 -1.1 -1.5 -1.3 -0.7 0.7

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.873 159.9 160.0 2.1 -0.7 -2.3 -0.2 0.1

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.112 179.5 179.7 8.6 -0.1 -3.2 1.6 0.1

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.507 179.6 184.2 -3.4 -4.6 -5.2 -3.4 2.6

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.899 112.2 110.8 -4.4 -2.7 -5.3 -1.6 -1.2

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal (Dec. 2015=100). . . .. 82 0.314 100.0 100.0 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.342 152.9 152.9 3.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 27.537 97.8 97.7 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.1

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 15.795 115.2 115.4 1.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 11.743 79.0 78.6 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.0 -0.5

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 14.281 135.6 135.7 1.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 8.272 116.4 116.6 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 5.936 109.4 108.9 1.3 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.5

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.396 112.8 112.8 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi;......................... 94 0.818 129.9 129.9 1.2 1.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.416 87.6 87.6 -1.4 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: October 2017 to October 2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Sept.

20181

Index Percent change

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2017 to

Oct.

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2018 to

Oct.

2018

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 124.5 125.0 3.7 0.1 -0.5 -0.7 0.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 8.948 156.8 163.7 18.2 2.5 -2.9 -5.1 4.4

Manufacturing................................ 90.555 121.3 121.4 2.4 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.1

Canada.......................................... 100.000 133.5 135.2 6.8 -0.1 -1.2 -1.8 1.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 23.929 149.1 156.1 18.5 2.7 -2.9 -5.6 4.7

Manufacturing................................ 75.233 133.0 133.2 3.1 -1.0 -0.5 -0.4 0.2

European Union............................... 100.000 137.0 137.3 2.5 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.2

Manufacturing................................ 98.992 133.5 133.8 2.5 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.2

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 128.4 128.8 2.4 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.3

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 111.9 111.9 -2.9 -0.2 0.1 -0.1 0.0

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 121.4 122.2 3.0 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 0.7

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 152.5 153.4 4.4 0.1 -0.7 1.1 0.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 20.240 287.6 295.6 21.8 0.8 -1.6 5.7 2.8

Manufacturing................................ 79.491 122.2 122.3 0.7 -0.1 -0.4 -0.1 0.1

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 129.7 130.2 1.0 -0.4 0.1 0.9 0.4

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 10.234 157.6 163.6 19.4 2.2 1.0 11.3 3.8

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 89.514 88.1 88.1 -0.7 -0.6 -0.1 -0.1 0.0

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4

............... 100.000 99.1 99.0 0.7 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 100.2 100.1 0.3 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 -0.1

Japan............................................ 100.000 96.6 96.7 1.3 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.1

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 88.7 88.9 1.6 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 0.2

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 98.8 98.3 0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.5

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 197.1 202.4 24.6 0.3 -0.3 2.7 2.7

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: October 2017 to October

2018

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Sept.

20181

Index Percent change

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2017 to

Oct.

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2018 to

Oct.

2018

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 102.5 102.7 – 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 6.616 101.3 100.9 – 3.1 0.8 1.7 -0.4

Manufacturing................................ 92.187 102.7 102.9 – -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2

Canada.......................................... 100.000 104.3 104.7 – -0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4

European Union............................... 100.000 103.3 103.6 – 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 4.914 101.9 98.4 – -2.4 0.9 0.1 -3.4

Manufacturing................................ 94.107 103.5 103.9 – 0.2 -0.2 0.1 0.4

Germany........................................ 100.000 100.8 100.8 – -0.2 -0.4 -0.4 0.0

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 104.0 105.1 – 0.1 0.0 0.3 1.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 6.365 104.4 106.2 – -2.8 2.3 -1.2 1.7

Manufacturing................................ 93.293 104.0 105.1 – 0.2 -0.1 0.4 1.1

Mexico........................................... 100.000 102.7 103.8 – 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 6.173 103.1 104.7 – -2.3 1.5 -0.9 1.6

Manufacturing................................ 93.428 102.7 103.7 – 0.2 -0.1 0.1 1.0

Pacific Rim4

.................................... 100.000 99.8 99.9 – -1.0 -0.4 -0.6 0.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 11.434 92.0 90.0 – -6.9 0.7 -4.9 -2.2

Manufacturing................................ 86.243 101.1 101.3 – -0.2 -0.4 0.2 0.2

China............................................ 100.000 98.1 99.1 – -2.2 -0.2 -1.7 1.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 17.692 89.2 89.7 – -9.9 1.8 -6.4 0.6

Manufacturing................................ 78.084 100.6 101.3 – -0.5 -0.2 -0.2 0.7

Japan............................................ 100.000 100.5 100.7 – -0.9 0.1 -0.3 0.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 14.828 98.6 98.8 – -5.6 1.4 -1.6 0.2

Manufacturing................................ 84.255 100.9 101.0 – 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: October 2017 to October 20181

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2017 to

Oct.

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2018 to

Oct.

2018

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 100.8 100.6 – -0.1 0.5 0.8 -0.2

Canada.................................................. 102.7 101.8 – 0.1 1.3 2.2 -0.9

European Union...................................... 101.5 101.6 – 0.0 -0.1 0.2 0.1

Germany................................................ 103.7 103.7 – 0.0 -0.5 -0.3 0.0

Latin America3

........................................ 101.5 102.0 – 0.1 0.6 -0.8 0.5

Mexico.................................................. 102.1 102.8 – 0.5 -0.1 -0.9 0.7

Pacific Rim4

............................................ 99.1 99.3 – -0.9 -0.3 -0.5 0.2

China................................................... . 98.0 99.1 – -2.1 0.0 -1.7 1.1

Japan.................................................... 99.4 99.5 – -1.0 0.0 -0.1 0.1

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: October

2017 to October 2018

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Sept.

20181

Index Percent change

Sept.

2018

Oct.

2018

Annual Monthly

Oct.

2017 to

Oct.

2018

June

2018 to

July

2018

July

2018 to

Aug.

2018

Aug.

2018 to

Sept.

2018

Sept.

2018 to

Oct.

2018

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 188.9 193.4 10.5 -2.4 -0.4 0.8 2.4

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 23.393 145.7 150.4 5.0 -0.8 -0.3 -1.1 3.2

Asia.................................................. 64.492 184.3 189.0 13.9 -3.3 -0.6 1.8 2.6

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 164.3 165.2 -1.0 -0.1 -0.2 0.4 0.5

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 32.986 149.3 149.1 -0.7 -0.5 -0.1 0.8 -0.1

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 172.6 175.6 8.5 -2.0 -0.6 1.1 1.7

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 25.455 135.6 137.5 6.2 -0.2 -0.7 -0.1 1.4

Asia.................................................. 59.544 164.5 168.1 8.0 -2.8 -0.7 1.9 2.2

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 145.1 144.3 2.8 3.5 3.3 -2.8 -0.6

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 32.932 149.0 149.7 4.1 -0.7 0.1 0.6 0.5

Asia.................................................. 43.893 142.9 140.3 4.7 8.5 7.7 -6.7 -1.8

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 181.0 182.3 -2.2 -5.8 -8.8 10.7 0.7

Europe............................................... 43.357 211.5 217.4 2.5 -8.5 -12.2 20.3 2.8

Asia.................................................. 22.405 132.3 133.2 -1.7 -7.9 -8.0 -0.6 0.7

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 8.745 148.8 151.4 -2.4 2.3 -4.2 -5.5 1.7

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 151.2 148.5 -2.9 1.6 -3.7 -2.8 -1.8

Europe............................................... 30.391 198.5 198.2 -6.8 0.3 -11.1 4.8 -0.2

Asia.................................................. 27.354 134.9 126.8 9.3 4.4 2.0 -7.1 -6.0

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 23.268 153.2 150.1 -6.2 0.9 -1.5 -5.5 -2.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

16
17 

TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
18 

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. 

Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.