For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, March 19, 2024 USDL-24-0543

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

STATE JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – JANUARY 2024

Job openings rates increased in 6 states and decreased in 1 state on the last business day of January, the 

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Hires rates increased in 3 states and decreased in 2 states. 

Total separations rates increased in 3 states and decreased in 2 states. Nationally, the job openings, hires, 

and total separations rates showed little or no change in January. 

This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, total separations, quits, and 

layoffs and discharges for the total nonfarm sector and for all states and the District of Columbia.

Job Openings

In January, job openings rates increased in 6 states, decreased in 1 state, and were little changed in 43

states and the District of Columbia. The largest increases in job openings rates occurred in Oregon

(+1.9 percentage points), Maryland (+1.6 points), and Missouri (+1.2 points). The decrease occurred in 

Colorado (-1.0 point). Over the month, the national job openings rate was unchanged. (See table 1.)

The number of job openings increased in 6 states, decreased in 5 states, and was little changed in 39

states and the District of Columbia in January. The largest increases in the job openings level occurred 

in New York (+82,000), Maryland (+50,000), and Oregon (+41,000). The largest decreases occurred in 

Texas (-62,000), Colorado (-34,000), and Michigan (-24,000). Nationally, the number of job openings 

changed little. (See table 1.)

Hires

In January, hires rates increased in 3 states, decreased in 2 states, and were little changed in 45 states 

and the District of Columbia. The increases in the hires rate occurred in Oregon (+1.0 percentage point), 

Pennsylvania (+0.9 point), and Iowa (+0.7 point). The decreases occurred in Florida (-0.9 point) and 

Texas (-0.5 point). The national hires rate changed little over the month. (See table 2.)

Upcoming Revisions to the JOLTS State Estimates

Effective with the release of May 2024 data on July 24, 2024, the Job Openings and Labor Turnover 

Survey (JOLTS) state estimates will be benchmarked and revised, to include the annual benchmark 

revisions to JOLTS national estimates, the Current Employment Statistics (CES) employment 

estimates, and the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) data. Seasonally adjusted 

and not seasonally adjusted data from January 2019 forward are subject to revision. In addition, 2023 

annual estimates for states will be released at this time.
- 2 -

The number of hires increased in 4 states, decreased in 3 states, and was little changed in 43 states and 

the District of Columbia in January. The largest increases in the hires level occurred in Pennsylvania

(+57,000), North Carolina (+28,000), and Oregon (+19,000). The decreases occurred in Florida

(-94,000), Texas (-64,000), and Arkansas (-10,000). Nationally, the number of hires changed little over 

the month. (See table 2.)

Total Separations

In January, total separations rates increased in 3 states, decreased in 2 states, and were little changed in 

45 states and the District of Columbia. The increases in total separations rates occurred in Oregon

(+1.0 percentage point), Colorado (+0.8 point), and Iowa (+0.6 point). The decreases occurred in Alaska

(-0.9 point) and Tennessee (-0.8 point). Over the month, the national total separations rate was 

unchanged. (See table 3.)

The number of total separations increased in 6 states, decreased in 2 states, and was little changed in 

42 states and the District of Columbia in January. The largest increases in the total separations level 

occurred in Colorado (+23,000), Oregon (+19,000), and Iowa (+9,000). The decreases occurred in 

Tennessee (-25,000) and Alaska (-3,000). Nationally, the number of total separations changed little over 

the month. (See table 3.)

Quits

In January, quits rates decreased in 3 states, increased in 2 states, and were little changed in 45 states 

and the District of Columbia. The decreases in quits rates occurred in North Dakota

(-0.7 percentage point) and in Georgia and Minnesota (-0.5 point each). The increases occurred in 

Colorado (+0.7 point) and Oregon (+0.5 point). Over the month, the national quits rate was little 

changed. (See table 4.)

The number of quits decreased in 4 states, increased in 2 states, and was little changed in 44 states and 

the District of Columbia in January. The largest decreases in the quits level occurred in Georgia

(-23,000), Tennessee (-16,000), and Minnesota (-15,000). The increases occurred in Colorado (+19,000)

and Oregon (+9,000). Nationally, the number of quits was little changed. (See table 4.)

Layoffs and Discharges

In January, layoffs and discharges rates decreased in 3 states, increased in 1 state, and were little 

changed in 46 states and the District of Columbia. The decreases occurred in Alaska

(-0.9 percentage point), Indiana (-0.5 point), and California (-0.2 point). The increase occurred in New 

Jersey (+0.3 point). Over the month, the national layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged. 

(See table 5.)

The number of layoffs and discharges decreased in 3 states, increased in 2 states, and was little 

changed in 45 states and the District of Columbia in January. The decreases in the layoffs and discharges 

level occurred in Indiana and Ohio (-16,000 each) and in Alaska (-3,000). The increases occurred in 

Oregon (+8,000) and Delaware (+3,000). Nationally, the number of layoffs and discharges was little 

changed. (See table 5.)

For more information, please see the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) interactive 

charts at www.bls.gov/charts/state-job-openings-and-labor-turnover/state-job-openings-rates.htm#. 

State Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for February 2024 are scheduled to be 

released on Wednesday, April 17, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET)
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

JOLTS program provides information on labor 

demand and turnover. Additional information about 

the JOLTS program can be found at 

www.bls.gov/jlt/. State estimates are published for 

job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and

total separations. The JOLTS program covers all 

private nonfarm establishments, as well as civilian

federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 

states and the District of Columbia. Starting with data 

for January 2023, industries are classified in 

accordance with the 2022 North American Industry 

Classification System.

Definitions

Employment. Employment includes persons on 

the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay 

period that includes the 12th day of the reference 

month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, 

seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are 

included, as are employees on paid vacation or other 

paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated 

businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on 

strike for the entire pay period, and employees on 

leave without pay for the entire pay period are not 

counted as employed. Employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where 

they are working. JOLTS does not publish 

employment estimates but uses the reported 

employment for validation of the other reported data 

elements.

Job Openings. Job openings include all 

positions that are open on the last business day of the 

reference month. A job is open only if it meets all 

three of these conditions: 

• A specific position exists and there is work 

available for that position. The position can be 

full-time or part-time, and it can be permanent, 

short-term, or seasonal. 

• The job could start within 30 days, whether or 

not the employer can find a suitable candidate 

during that time. 

• The employer is actively recruiting workers from 

outside the establishment to fill the position. 

Active recruiting means that the establishment is 

taking steps to fill a position. It may include 

advertising in newspapers, on television, or on 

the radio; posting internet notices, posting “help 

wanted” signs, networking, or making “word-ofmouth” announcements; accepting applications; 

interviewing candidates; contacting employment 

agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, 

state or local employment offices, or similar 

sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal 

transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from 

layoffs. Also excluded are openings for positions 

with start dates more than 30 days in the future;

positions for which employees have been hired but 

the employees have not yet reported for work; and 

positions to be filled by employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 

computed by dividing the number of job openings by 

the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. Hires include all additions to the payroll 

during the entire reference month, including newly 

hired and rehired employees; full-time and part-time 

employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal 

employees; employees who were recalled to a job at 

the location following a layoff (formal suspension 

from pay status) lasting more than 7 days; on-call or 

intermittent employees who returned to work after 

having been formally separated; workers who were 

hired and separated during the month, and transfers 

from other locations. Excluded are transfers or 

promotions within the reporting location, employees 

returning from strike, employees of temporary help 

agencies, employee leasing companies, outside 

contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is 

computed by dividing the number of hires by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations. Separations include all separations 

from the payroll during the entire reference month 

and is reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs

and discharges, and other separations. Quits include 

employees who left voluntarily, with the exception of 

retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs 

and discharges includes involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer, such as layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; layoffs (formal suspensions from pay 

status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; 

discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or 
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; 

terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 

and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or 

not they are expected to return the next season).

Other separations include retirements, transfers to 

other locations, separations due to employee 

disability; and deaths. Other separations comprise 

less than 8 percent of total separations. Other 

separations rates are generally very low, and other 

separations variance estimates are relatively high. 

Consequently, the other separations component is not 

published for states.

Excluded from separations are transfers within the 

same location; employees on strike; employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The 

separations rate is computed by dividing the number 

of separations by employment and multiplying that 

quotient by 100. The quits and layoffs and discharges

rates are computed similarly.

State Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random 

sample of approximately 21,000 nonfarm business 

and government establishments. The sample is 

stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and 

establishment size class. The JOLTS sample of 

21,000 establishments does not directly support the 

production of sample-based state estimates. However, 

state estimates have been produced by combining the 

available sample with model-based estimates. 

 The state estimates consist of four major 

estimating models; the Composite Regional model

(an unpublished intermediate model), the Synthetic

model (an unpublished intermediate model), the 

Composite Synthetic model (published historical 

series through the most current benchmark year), and 

the Extended Composite Synthetic model (published 

current-year monthly series). The Composite 

Regional model uses JOLTS microdata, JOLTS 

regional published estimates, and Current 

Employment Statistics (CES) employment data. The 

Composite Synthetic model uses JOLTS microdata 

and Synthetic model estimates derived from monthly 

employment changes in microdata from the Quarterly 

Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), and 

JOLTS published regional data. The Extended 

Composite Synthetic model extends the Composite 

Synthetic estimates by ratio-adjusting the Composite 

Synthetic model by the ratio of the current Composite 

Regional model estimate to the Composite Regional 

model estimate from the previous year. 

 The Extended Composite Synthetic model (and 

its major component—the Composite Regional 

model) is used to extend the Composite Synthetic 

estimates because all of the inputs required by this 

model are available at the time monthly estimate are 

produced. In contrast, the Composite Synthetic model 

(and its major component—the Synthetic model) can 

only be produced when the latest QCEW data are 

available. The Extended Composite Synthetic model 

estimates are used to extend the Composite Synthetic 

model estimates during the annual JOLTS retabulation process. The extension of the Composite 

Synthetic model using current data-based Composite 

Regional model estimates ensures that the Composite 

Synthetic model estimates reflect current economic 

trends. 

 The Composite Regional approach calculates 

state-level JOLTS estimates from JOLTS microdata 

using sample weights and the adjustments for nonresponse. The Composite Regional estimate is then 

benchmarked to CES state-supersector employment 

to produce state-supersector estimates. The JOLTS

sample, by itself, cannot ensure a reasonably sized 

sample for each state-supersector cell. The small 

JOLTS sample results in several state-supersector 

cells that lack enough data to produce a reasonable 

estimate. To overcome this issue, the state-level 

estimates derived directly from the JOLTS sample 

are augmented using JOLTS regional estimates when 

the number of respondents is low (that is, less than 

30). This approach is known as a composite estimate,

which leverages the small JOLTS sample to the 

greatest extent possible and supplements that with a 

model-based estimate. Previous research has found 

that regional industry estimates are a good proxy at 

finer levels of geographical detail. That is, one can 

make a reliable prediction of JOLTS estimates at the

regional-level using only national industry-level 

JOLTS rates. The assumption in this approach is that 

one can make a good prediction of JOLTS estimates 

at the state-level using only regional industry-level 

JOLTS rates.)

 In this approach, the JOLTS microdata-based 

estimate is used, without model augmentation, in all 

state-supersector cells that have 30 or more 

respondents. The JOLTS regional estimate will be 

used, without a sample-based component, in all statesupersector cells that have fewer than five 

respondents. In all state-supersector cells with 5 to 30 
respondents, an estimate is calculated that is a 

composition of a weighted estimate of the microdatabased estimate and a weighted estimate of the JOLTS 

regional estimate. The weight assigned to the JOLTS 

data in those cells is proportional the number of 

JOLTS respondents in the cell (weight=n∕30, where n 

is the number of respondents). The sum of state 

estimates within a region is made equal to the aligned 

regional JOLTS published regional estimates.

Seasonal adjustment. BLS uses the seasonal 

adjustment program (X-13ARIMA-SEATS) to 

seasonally adjust the JOLTS series. Each month, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology uses all 

relevant data, up to and including the current month, 

to calculate new seasonal adjustment factors. Moving 

averages are used as seasonal filters in seasonal 

adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes 

both additive and multiplicative models, as well as 

regression with autocorrelated errors (REGARIMA) 

modeling, to improve the seasonal adjustment factors 

at the beginning and end of the series and to detect 

and adjust for outliers in the series. 

Annual estimates and benchmarking. The 

JOLTS state estimates utilize and leverage data from 

three BLS programs; JOLTS, CES, and QCEW. 

These state estimates are published as a historical 

series made up of a historical annually revised 

benchmark component ofthe Composite Synthetic 

model and a current component of the Extended 

Composite Synthetic model that provides monthly 

"real-time" estimates between lagged benchmarks.

The JOLTS employment levels are ratio-adjusted 

to the CES employment levels, and the resulting 

ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements.

The seasonally adjusted estimates are 

recalculated for the most recent 5 years to reflect 

updated seasonal adjustment factors. These annual 

updates result in revisions to both the seasonally 

adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data 

series for the period since the last benchmark was 

established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and 

discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. 

Annual average levels for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 published 

monthly levels by 12. 

Annual average rates for hires, total separations 

quits, and layoffs and discharges are calculated by 

dividing the sum of the 12 monthly JOLTS published 

levels for each data element by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100. 

Annual average rates for job openings are 

calculated by dividing the sum of the 12 monthly 

JOLTS published levels by the sum of the 12 

monthly CES published employment levels plus the 

sum of the 12 monthly job openings levels, and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.)

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to two types of 

error: sampling error and nonsampling error.

Sampling error can result when a sample, rather 

than an entire population, is surveyed. There is a 

chance that the sample estimates may differ from the 

true population values they represent. The exact 

difference, or sampling error, varies with the sample 

selected, and this variability is measured by the 

standard error of the estimate. BLS analyses are

generally conducted at the 90-percent level of 

confidence. This means that there is a 90-percent 

chance that the true population mean will fall into the 

interval created by the sample mean plus or minus 

1.65 standard errors. Estimates of median standard 

errors are released monthly as part of the significant 

change tables on the JOLTS webpage. Standard 

errors are updated annually with the most recent 5 

years of data. For sampling error estimates, see

www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons,

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units 

in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of 

respondents to provide data on a timely basis, 

mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the 

collection or processing of the data, and errors from 

the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

The JOLTS program uses quality control procedures 

to reduce nonsampling error in the survey’s design. 

The JOLTS state variance estimates account for 

both sampling error and the error attributable to 

modeling. A small area domain model uses a 

Bayesian approach to develop estimates of JOLTS 

state variance. The small area model uses QCEWbased JOLTS synthetic model data to generate a 

Bayesian prior distribution, then updates the prior 
distribution using JOLTS microdata and samplebased variance estimates at the state and US Census 

regional level to generate a Bayesian posterior 

distribution. Once the Bayesian posterior distribution 

has been generated, estimates of JOLTS state 

variances are made by drawing 2,500 estimates from 

the Bayesian posterior distribution. This Bayesian 

approach thus indirectly accounts for sampling error 

and directly for model error.

Other information

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Jan.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Change

from:

Dec.

2023 -

Jan.

2024p

Jan.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Change

from:

Dec.

2023 -

Jan.

2024p

TOTAL U.S............................... 10,425 8,685 8,931 8,889 8,863 -26 6.3 5.2 5.4 5.3 5.3 0.0

Alabama.................................. 151 122 119 135 129 -6 6.6 5.4 5.2 5.8 5.6 -0.2

Alaska..................................... 29 25 26 25 25 0 8.2 7.1 7.3 7.0 7.0 0.0

Arizona.................................... 225 184 184 167 144 -23 6.7 5.5 5.5 4.9 4.3 -0.6

Arkansas.................................. 101 81 81 78 71 -7 6.9 5.6 5.6 5.4 5.0 -0.4

California................................. 1,002 800 751 871 819 -52 5.3 4.2 4.0 4.6 4.4 -0.2

Colorado.................................. 200 211 224 217 183 -34 6.5 6.7 7.1 6.8 5.8 -1.0

Connecticut............................... 95 88 88 93 90 -3 5.3 4.9 4.9 5.2 5.0 -0.2

Delaware................................. 36 30 30 30 36 6 7.0 5.8 5.8 5.8 6.9 1.1

District of Columbia..................... 46 37 40 41 44 3 5.6 4.5 4.9 5.1 5.4 0.3

Florida..................................... 699 590 548 522 518 -4 6.8 5.7 5.3 5.0 5.0 0.0

Georgia................................... 411 333 302 288 283 -5 7.8 6.3 5.7 5.5 5.4 -0.1

Hawaii..................................... 37 30 29 28 26 -2 5.6 4.5 4.4 4.2 3.9 -0.3

Idaho...................................... 57 56 52 51 52 1 6.3 6.1 5.7 5.6 5.7 0.1

Illinois..................................... 460 326 412 363 349 -14 7.0 5.0 6.3 5.6 5.4 -0.2

Indiana.................................... 205 165 161 157 162 5 6.0 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.7 0.1

Iowa....................................... 103 90 89 91 96 5 6.1 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.7 0.3

Kansas.................................... 95 79 87 85 82 -3 6.2 5.2 5.6 5.5 5.4 -0.1

Kentucky.................................. 156 118 116 118 117 -1 7.3 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.5 0.0

Louisiana................................. 166 122 117 124 122 -2 7.9 5.8 5.6 6.0 5.9 -0.1

Maine..................................... 42 44 44 39 45 6 6.1 6.3 6.3 5.6 6.4 0.8

Maryland.................................. 207 173 177 169 219 50 7.0 5.9 6.0 5.8 7.4 1.6

Massachusetts........................... 277 239 228 232 214 -18 6.9 5.9 5.7 5.9 5.4 -0.5

Michigan.................................. 288 234 263 285 261 -24 6.1 5.0 5.6 6.0 5.5 -0.5

Minnesota................................ 212 192 209 198 183 -15 6.7 6.0 6.5 6.2 5.7 -0.5

Mississippi................................ 85 88 80 75 74 -1 6.7 7.0 6.4 6.0 5.9 -0.1

Missouri................................... 210 176 174 166 205 39 6.6 5.6 5.5 5.2 6.4 1.2

Montana.................................. 41 36 35 36 37 1 7.3 6.5 6.3 6.4 6.6 0.2

Nebraska................................. 71 55 61 58 55 -3 6.4 5.0 5.5 5.2 4.9 -0.3

Nevada.................................... 109 88 85 84 84 0 6.6 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.1 0.0

New Hampshire.......................... 53 41 40 39 41 2 7.0 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.5 0.3

New Jersey............................... 262 215 224 221 211 -10 5.7 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.6 -0.2

New Mexico.............................. 63 56 57 56 61 5 6.8 6.0 6.1 6.0 6.5 0.5

New York................................. 459 457 467 474 556 82 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 5.4 0.8

North Carolina........................... 343 290 294 288 299 11 6.6 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.7 0.2

North Dakota............................. 29 28 29 26 26 0 6.3 6.0 6.2 5.6 5.6 0.0

Ohio....................................... 384 338 323 328 334 6 6.4 5.6 5.4 5.5 5.6 0.1

Oklahoma................................. 136 105 109 108 115 7 7.3 5.7 5.9 5.8 6.1 0.3

Oregon.................................... 139 112 103 102 143 41 6.5 5.3 4.9 4.9 6.8 1.9

Pennsylvania............................. 432 390 381 365 367 2 6.6 5.9 5.8 5.6 5.6 0.0

Rhode Island............................. 35 31 30 31 28 -3 6.6 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.2 -0.5

South Carolina........................... 181 164 166 160 164 4 7.4 6.6 6.7 6.4 6.5 0.1

South Dakota............................ 32 27 29 28 27 -1 6.5 5.5 5.8 5.6 5.5 -0.1

Tennessee................................ 244 215 207 212 209 -3 6.9 6.1 5.9 6.0 5.9 -0.1

Texas..................................... 948 742 854 843 781 -62 6.4 5.0 5.7 5.7 5.3 -0.4

Utah....................................... 110 97 85 89 91 2 6.1 5.3 4.7 4.9 5.0 0.1

Vermont................................... 23 19 19 17 18 1 7.0 5.8 5.8 5.2 5.5 0.3

Virginia.................................... 336 259 254 263 257 -6 7.5 5.9 5.7 5.9 5.8 -0.1

Washington............................... 229 172 168 165 175 10 6.0 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.6 0.3

West Virginia............................. 67 53 52 50 53 3 8.8 7.0 6.8 6.5 6.8 0.3

Wisconsin................................. 224 211 205 178 163 -15 7.0 6.5 6.4 5.6 5.1 -0.5

Wyoming.................................. 21 19 18 19 19 0 6.8 6.1 5.7 6.1 6.1 0.0

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Jan.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Change

from:

Dec.

2023 -

Jan.

2024p

Jan.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Change

from:

Dec.

2023 -

Jan.

2024p

TOTAL U.S............................... 6,374 5,814 5,569 5,787 5,687 -100 4.1 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.6 -0.1

Alabama.................................. 98 79 83 101 91 -10 4.6 3.7 3.8 4.6 4.2 -0.4

Alaska..................................... 21 17 19 18 19 1 6.4 5.2 5.8 5.4 5.7 0.3

Arizona.................................... 162 138 115 131 123 -8 5.2 4.4 3.6 4.1 3.8 -0.3

Arkansas.................................. 63 55 59 64 54 -10 4.7 4.0 4.3 4.7 4.0 -0.7

California................................. 653 550 457 533 498 -35 3.6 3.0 2.5 3.0 2.8 -0.2

Colorado.................................. 118 130 129 132 117 -15 4.1 4.5 4.4 4.5 3.9 -0.6

Connecticut............................... 57 63 55 63 66 3 3.4 3.7 3.2 3.7 3.9 0.2

Delaware................................. 24 24 23 25 25 0 5.0 4.9 4.7 5.1 5.1 0.0

District of Columbia..................... 22 23 24 25 24 -1 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.1 -0.2

Florida..................................... 389 396 400 466 372 -94 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.7 3.8 -0.9

Georgia................................... 255 224 213 189 211 22 5.2 4.5 4.3 3.8 4.3 0.5

Hawaii..................................... 24 21 17 20 18 -2 3.8 3.3 2.7 3.2 2.8 -0.4

Idaho...................................... 45 38 36 37 39 2 5.3 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.6 0.3

Illinois..................................... 253 225 226 217 216 -1 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.5 -0.1

Indiana.................................... 142 138 123 112 121 9 4.4 4.2 3.7 3.4 3.7 0.3

Iowa....................................... 61 62 55 48 59 11 3.8 3.9 3.5 3.0 3.7 0.7

Kansas.................................... 57 51 52 52 50 -2 3.9 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 -0.1

Kentucky.................................. 97 76 74 103 91 -12 4.9 3.7 3.7 5.1 4.5 -0.6

Louisiana................................. 99 86 90 94 93 -1 5.1 4.4 4.6 4.8 4.7 -0.1

Maine..................................... 26 25 24 23 23 0 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.5 0.0

Maryland.................................. 118 107 111 121 108 -13 4.3 3.9 4.0 4.4 3.9 -0.5

Massachusetts........................... 129 112 104 107 90 -17 3.5 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.4 -0.5

Michigan.................................. 172 151 155 145 142 -3 3.9 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.2 0.0

Minnesota................................ 111 110 112 106 114 8 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.8 0.3

Mississippi................................ 56 52 50 57 52 -5 4.8 4.4 4.3 4.8 4.4 -0.4

Missouri................................... 109 110 100 92 93 1 3.7 3.7 3.3 3.1 3.1 0.0

Montana.................................. 30 28 23 27 28 1 5.8 5.4 4.4 5.1 5.3 0.2

Nebraska................................. 40 37 38 35 38 3 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.6 0.3

Nevada.................................... 75 64 55 66 59 -7 4.9 4.1 3.5 4.2 3.8 -0.4

New Hampshire.......................... 29 28 28 26 27 1 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.8 0.1

New Jersey............................... 146 152 164 145 142 -3 3.4 3.5 3.8 3.3 3.2 -0.1

New Mexico.............................. 39 35 32 31 34 3 4.5 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.9 0.4

New York................................. 298 282 295 285 299 14 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.0 0.1

North Carolina........................... 203 174 164 177 205 28 4.2 3.5 3.3 3.6 4.1 0.5

North Dakota............................. 16 18 18 16 18 2 3.7 4.1 4.1 3.6 4.1 0.5

Ohio....................................... 221 204 180 191 197 6 4.0 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.5 0.1

Oklahoma................................. 83 81 76 83 80 -3 4.8 4.7 4.4 4.7 4.5 -0.2

Oregon.................................... 92 79 67 68 87 19 4.6 3.9 3.4 3.4 4.4 1.0

Pennsylvania............................. 209 193 196 171 228 57 3.4 3.1 3.2 2.8 3.7 0.9

Rhode Island............................. 20 21 20 20 19 -1 4.0 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.7 -0.2

South Carolina........................... 107 106 94 111 117 6 4.7 4.6 4.0 4.8 5.0 0.2

South Dakota............................ 23 19 19 18 19 1 5.0 4.1 4.1 3.8 4.1 0.3

Tennessee................................ 158 140 130 155 148 -7 4.8 4.2 3.9 4.7 4.5 -0.2

Texas..................................... 593 579 555 586 522 -64 4.3 4.1 3.9 4.2 3.7 -0.5

Utah....................................... 79 73 65 65 62 -3 4.6 4.2 3.8 3.7 3.6 -0.1

Vermont................................... 13 13 13 12 12 0 4.2 4.2 4.2 3.9 3.9 0.0

Virginia.................................... 174 167 161 165 171 6 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.1 0.2

Washington............................... 152 117 107 110 118 8 4.2 3.2 2.9 3.0 3.3 0.3

West Virginia............................. 37 33 30 35 35 0 5.3 4.7 4.2 4.9 4.8 -0.1

Wisconsin................................. 116 108 103 95 101 6 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.1 3.3 0.2

Wyoming.................................. 15 13 13 13 14 1 5.2 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.8 0.4

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Jan.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Change

from:

Dec.

2023 -

Jan.

2024p

Jan.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Change

from:

Dec.

2023 -

Jan.

2024p

TOTAL U.S............................... 6,017 5,630 5,413 5,419 5,341 -78 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.4 0.0

Alabama.................................. 99 85 85 77 82 5 4.6 3.9 3.9 3.5 3.8 0.3

Alaska..................................... 20 17 17 21 18 -3 6.1 5.2 5.2 6.3 5.4 -0.9

Arizona.................................... 123 133 132 133 115 -18 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.1 3.5 -0.6

Arkansas.................................. 61 52 56 54 48 -6 4.5 3.8 4.1 4.0 3.5 -0.5

California................................. 577 494 513 542 492 -50 3.2 2.7 2.8 3.0 2.7 -0.3

Colorado.................................. 117 118 117 104 127 23 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.5 4.3 0.8

Connecticut............................... 54 59 51 58 61 3 3.2 3.5 3.0 3.4 3.6 0.2

Delaware................................. 23 24 21 20 24 4 4.8 4.9 4.3 4.1 4.9 0.8

District of Columbia..................... 23 24 24 22 22 0 3.0 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.9 0.0

Florida..................................... 409 381 385 376 378 2 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.8 0.0

Georgia................................... 243 204 185 191 184 -7 5.0 4.1 3.7 3.9 3.7 -0.2

Hawaii..................................... 20 18 19 20 19 -1 3.2 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.0 -0.2

Idaho...................................... 39 37 42 39 40 1 4.6 4.3 4.9 4.6 4.7 0.1

Illinois..................................... 211 194 172 204 182 -22 3.5 3.2 2.8 3.3 3.0 -0.3

Indiana.................................... 127 125 132 127 120 -7 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.7 -0.2

Iowa....................................... 56 55 57 53 62 9 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.9 0.6

Kansas.................................... 52 46 52 53 56 3 3.6 3.2 3.6 3.7 3.9 0.2

Kentucky.................................. 96 77 76 71 79 8 4.8 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.9 0.4

Louisiana................................. 102 96 81 84 89 5 5.2 4.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 0.2

Maine..................................... 25 33 27 24 24 0 3.9 5.1 4.1 3.7 3.7 0.0

Maryland.................................. 112 110 89 92 98 6 4.1 4.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 0.2

Massachusetts........................... 106 113 102 102 97 -5 2.8 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.6 -0.1

Michigan.................................. 153 138 161 133 129 -4 3.5 3.1 3.6 3.0 2.9 -0.1

Minnesota................................ 106 96 106 95 90 -5 3.6 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.0 -0.2

Mississippi................................ 53 52 48 52 51 -1 4.5 4.4 4.1 4.4 4.3 -0.1

Missouri................................... 106 106 98 102 95 -7 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.2 -0.2

Montana.................................. 27 30 28 27 26 -1 5.2 5.8 5.4 5.1 5.0 -0.1

Nebraska................................. 43 33 38 38 45 7 4.1 3.2 3.6 3.6 4.3 0.7

Nevada.................................... 72 59 62 63 57 -6 4.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.6 -0.4

New Hampshire.......................... 31 31 24 24 27 3 4.4 4.4 3.4 3.4 3.8 0.4

New Jersey............................... 186 183 140 134 140 6 4.3 4.2 3.2 3.1 3.2 0.1

New Mexico.............................. 35 33 34 31 37 6 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.5 4.2 0.7

New York................................. 265 299 291 277 264 -13 2.7 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.7 -0.1

North Carolina........................... 211 205 167 181 173 -8 4.3 4.2 3.4 3.6 3.5 -0.1

North Dakota............................. 16 15 19 19 17 -2 3.7 3.4 4.3 4.3 3.8 -0.5

Ohio....................................... 197 201 188 187 178 -9 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.2 -0.1

Oklahoma................................. 74 73 63 64 73 9 4.3 4.2 3.6 3.6 4.1 0.5

Oregon.................................... 82 77 76 63 82 19 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.2 4.2 1.0

Pennsylvania............................. 187 234 190 178 191 13 3.1 3.8 3.1 2.9 3.1 0.2

Rhode Island............................. 21 22 19 20 19 -1 4.2 4.4 3.8 3.9 3.7 -0.2

South Carolina........................... 111 101 81 98 100 2 4.9 4.4 3.5 4.2 4.3 0.1

South Dakota............................ 18 17 23 19 19 0 3.9 3.6 4.9 4.0 4.1 0.1

Tennessee................................ 144 150 131 139 114 -25 4.4 4.5 4.0 4.2 3.4 -0.8

Texas..................................... 564 497 478 513 497 -16 4.1 3.5 3.4 3.7 3.5 -0.2

Utah....................................... 69 65 73 77 70 -7 4.1 3.8 4.2 4.4 4.0 -0.4

Vermont................................... 13 14 12 13 12 -1 4.2 4.6 3.9 4.2 3.9 -0.3

Virginia.................................... 146 156 141 147 156 9 3.5 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.7 0.2

Washington............................... 122 98 117 108 109 1 3.4 2.7 3.2 3.0 3.0 0.0

West Virginia............................. 35 33 29 33 32 -1 5.0 4.7 4.1 4.6 4.4 -0.2

Wisconsin................................. 100 101 110 102 104 2 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.4 0.0

Wyoming.................................. 15 14 15 15 14 -1 5.2 4.8 5.1 5.1 4.8 -0.3

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Jan.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Change

from:

Dec.

2023 -

Jan.

2024p

Jan.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Change

from:

Dec.

2023 -

Jan.

2024p

TOTAL U.S............................... 3,882 3,634 3,516 3,439 3,385 -54 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 -0.1

Alabama.................................. 64 58 54 56 57 1 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.6 0.0

Alaska..................................... 12 10 11 13 12 -1 3.7 3.1 3.4 3.9 3.6 -0.3

Arizona.................................... 87 87 82 78 69 -9 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.1 -0.3

Arkansas.................................. 41 35 38 36 31 -5 3.0 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.3 -0.4

California................................. 411 311 310 315 297 -18 2.3 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6 -0.2

Colorado.................................. 80 68 68 63 82 19 2.8 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.8 0.7

Connecticut............................... 33 29 30 34 38 4 2.0 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.2 0.2

Delaware................................. 15 15 13 14 15 1 3.1 3.1 2.7 2.9 3.1 0.2

District of Columbia..................... 15 15 14 14 14 0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 0.0

Florida..................................... 272 268 286 250 263 13 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.7 0.2

Georgia................................... 162 139 119 137 114 -23 3.3 2.8 2.4 2.8 2.3 -0.5

Hawaii..................................... 14 11 12 11 11 0 2.2 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.7 0.0

Idaho...................................... 27 22 27 24 25 1 3.2 2.6 3.1 2.8 2.9 0.1

Illinois..................................... 132 138 131 129 116 -13 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.9 -0.2

Indiana.................................... 86 88 81 67 74 7 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.1 2.3 0.2

Iowa....................................... 38 37 39 35 35 0 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.2 0.0

Kansas.................................... 35 30 36 34 30 -4 2.4 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.1 -0.2

Kentucky.................................. 69 54 51 49 53 4 3.5 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.6 0.2

Louisiana................................. 67 60 53 53 56 3 3.4 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.9 0.2

Maine..................................... 14 15 18 14 15 1 2.2 2.3 2.7 2.1 2.3 0.2

Maryland.................................. 72 69 57 60 62 2 2.6 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 0.1

Massachusetts........................... 57 59 52 60 57 -3 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.5 -0.1

Michigan.................................. 95 90 109 79 75 -4 2.2 2.0 2.5 1.8 1.7 -0.1

Minnesota................................ 72 68 76 65 50 -15 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.2 1.7 -0.5

Mississippi................................ 36 36 32 34 35 1 3.1 3.1 2.7 2.9 3.0 0.1

Missouri................................... 73 73 69 66 58 -8 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 1.9 -0.3

Montana.................................. 18 17 17 16 16 0 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.0 -0.1

Nebraska................................. 23 22 26 24 23 -1 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.2 -0.1

Nevada.................................... 48 38 37 37 33 -4 3.1 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.1 -0.3

New Hampshire.......................... 16 17 15 15 17 2 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.4 0.3

New Jersey............................... 77 88 74 78 77 -1 1.8 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.8 0.0

New Mexico.............................. 24 22 22 18 21 3 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.4 0.4

New York................................. 164 161 174 161 158 -3 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.6 0.0

North Carolina........................... 132 134 99 107 103 -4 2.7 2.7 2.0 2.2 2.1 -0.1

North Dakota............................. 11 11 13 12 9 -3 2.5 2.5 3.0 2.7 2.0 -0.7

Ohio....................................... 134 131 130 113 114 1 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.0 0.0

Oklahoma................................. 49 50 43 41 45 4 2.8 2.9 2.5 2.3 2.5 0.2

Oregon.................................... 55 49 52 40 49 9 2.8 2.4 2.6 2.0 2.5 0.5

Pennsylvania............................. 121 129 126 129 136 7 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.2 0.1

Rhode Island............................. 12 11 12 11 12 1 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.3 0.1

South Carolina........................... 74 65 57 67 65 -2 3.3 2.8 2.5 2.9 2.8 -0.1

South Dakota............................ 12 11 16 12 11 -1 2.6 2.4 3.4 2.6 2.4 -0.2

Tennessee................................ 102 108 85 92 76 -16 3.1 3.3 2.6 2.8 2.3 -0.5

Texas..................................... 391 363 334 364 355 -9 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.5 -0.1

Utah....................................... 47 43 47 49 47 -2 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.7 -0.1

Vermont................................... 7 7 8 8 7 -1 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.2 -0.4

Virginia.................................... 95 103 93 95 101 6 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.4 0.1

Washington............................... 85 61 71 64 66 2 2.4 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.8 0.0

West Virginia............................. 23 22 19 23 21 -2 3.3 3.1 2.7 3.2 2.9 -0.3

Wisconsin................................. 68 71 74 63 67 4 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.2 0.1

Wyoming.................................. 10 9 10 9 9 0 3.5 3.1 3.4 3.1 3.1 0.0

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Jan.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Change

from:

Dec.

2023 -

Jan.

2024p

Jan.

2023

Oct.

2023

Nov.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Change

from:

Dec.

2023 -

Jan.

2024p

TOTAL U.S............................... 1,868 1,653 1,546 1,607 1,572 -35 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

Alabama.................................. 23 22 25 17 20 3 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.1

Alaska..................................... 6 5 5 7 4 -3 1.8 1.5 1.5 2.1 1.2 -0.9

Arizona.................................... 29 38 43 41 38 -3 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 -0.1

Arkansas.................................. 16 14 14 14 14 0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0

California................................. 145 158 171 191 163 -28 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.9 -0.2

Colorado.................................. 28 41 39 33 36 3 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.2 0.1

Connecticut............................... 16 25 17 18 19 1 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.0

Delaware................................. 7 7 6 5 8 3 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.6 0.6

District of Columbia..................... 6 6 7 6 6 0 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.0

Florida..................................... 123 94 83 103 94 -9 1.3 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.9 -0.1

Georgia................................... 69 45 54 42 53 11 1.4 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.2

Hawaii..................................... 4 6 6 7 5 -2 0.6 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.8 -0.3

Idaho...................................... 8 12 13 13 11 -2 0.9 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.3 -0.2

Illinois..................................... 69 50 35 63 55 -8 1.1 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.9 -0.1

Indiana.................................... 34 32 43 53 37 -16 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.1 -0.5

Iowa....................................... 15 15 14 15 19 4 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.2 0.3

Kansas.................................... 14 13 13 15 17 2 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.2 0.2

Kentucky.................................. 23 18 20 18 19 1 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.0

Louisiana................................. 31 28 22 24 25 1 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.3 0.1

Maine..................................... 9 15 7 7 7 0 1.4 2.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.0

Maryland.................................. 32 31 25 25 27 2 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.1

Massachusetts........................... 39 43 39 32 32 0 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.0

Michigan.................................. 50 41 44 38 44 6 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.1

Minnesota................................ 29 22 24 26 29 3 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.1

Mississippi................................ 14 12 12 14 13 -1 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 -0.1

Missouri................................... 28 27 22 29 30 1 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.0

Montana.................................. 6 12 9 9 8 -1 1.2 2.3 1.7 1.7 1.5 -0.2

Nebraska................................. 18 8 11 12 15 3 1.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.4 0.3

Nevada.................................... 20 17 21 23 21 -2 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.3 -0.2

New Hampshire.......................... 13 11 7 7 8 1 1.9 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.1

New Jersey............................... 101 84 38 40 51 11 2.3 1.9 0.9 0.9 1.2 0.3

New Mexico.............................. 9 9 9 11 14 3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.6 0.4

New York................................. 85 118 100 91 92 1 0.9 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.0

North Carolina........................... 71 52 58 62 60 -2 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.0

North Dakota............................. 5 4 5 6 5 -1 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.1 -0.3

Ohio....................................... 57 58 49 63 47 -16 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.8 -0.3

Oklahoma................................. 21 17 15 18 23 5 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.3 0.3

Oregon.................................... 21 23 20 18 26 8 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.3 0.4

Pennsylvania............................. 60 92 46 39 48 9 1.0 1.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.2

Rhode Island............................. 8 9 6 6 6 0 1.6 1.8 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.0

South Carolina........................... 31 29 20 26 30 4 1.4 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.3 0.2

South Dakota............................ 5 4 5 6 5 -1 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.1 -0.2

Tennessee................................ 37 35 38 38 30 -8 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.9 -0.3

Texas..................................... 153 111 128 125 119 -6 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 -0.1

Utah....................................... 16 18 23 21 18 -3 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.0 -0.2

Vermont................................... 4 5 3 4 4 0 1.3 1.6 1.0 1.3 1.3 0.0

Virginia.................................... 44 42 36 43 43 0 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.0

Washington............................... 27 31 40 37 35 -2 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.0

West Virginia............................. 10 8 8 7 9 2 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.2

Wisconsin................................. 27 25 28 32 26 -6 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.9 -0.2

Wyoming.................................. 4 4 4 4 4 0 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 0.0

p Preliminary
Table 6. Job openings levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Jan.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Jan.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 10,502 8,344 8,943 6.4 5.0 5.4

Alabama................................................................. 149 134 130 6.6 5.8 5.7

Alaska................................................................... 26 24 23 7.7 7.0 6.8

Arizona.................................................................. 244 163 166 7.2 4.7 4.9

Arkansas................................................................ 104 75 75 7.2 5.2 5.3

California................................................................ 1,004 803 832 5.4 4.3 4.5

Colorado................................................................ 203 228 189 6.6 7.1 6.0

Connecticut............................................................. 96 86 91 5.5 4.8 5.1

Delaware................................................................ 36 26 36 7.1 5.1 7.1

District of Columbia.................................................... 48 36 48 6.0 4.5 5.9

Florida................................................................... 683 501 501 6.6 4.8 4.8

Georgia.................................................................. 429 279 295 8.1 5.3 5.7

Hawaii................................................................... 39 34 28 5.8 5.0 4.2

Idaho.................................................................... 54 52 50 6.2 5.7 5.7

Illinois.................................................................... 452 340 337 7.0 5.2 5.3

Indiana.................................................................. 194 135 152 5.7 4.0 4.5

Iowa..................................................................... 98 82 94 5.9 4.9 5.6

Kansas.................................................................. 99 77 85 6.5 5.0 5.6

Kentucky................................................................ 151 113 116 7.1 5.2 5.5

Louisiana................................................................ 180 112 135 8.5 5.4 6.5

Maine.................................................................... 42 38 45 6.3 5.5 6.6

Maryland................................................................ 223 165 240 7.7 5.6 8.2

Massachusetts......................................................... 272 212 204 6.9 5.4 5.3

Michigan................................................................ 277 247 258 6.0 5.2 5.6

Minnesota............................................................... 208 188 177 6.6 5.9 5.7

Mississippi.............................................................. 82 73 70 6.6 5.8 5.6

Missouri................................................................. 204 153 201 6.5 4.8 6.3

Montana................................................................. 37 39 34 6.8 7.0 6.3

Nebraska................................................................ 78 52 61 7.1 4.7 5.5

Nevada.................................................................. 106 79 84 6.6 4.8 5.1

New Hampshire........................................................ 57 40 44 7.6 5.3 6.0

New Jersey............................................................. 276 216 222 6.1 4.7 4.9

New Mexico............................................................ 66 52 68 7.2 5.6 7.2

New York............................................................... 448 438 553 4.5 4.3 5.4

North Carolina.......................................................... 334 265 297 6.5 5.0 5.7

North Dakota........................................................... 28 24 25 6.1 5.1 5.4

Ohio..................................................................... 369 278 323 6.3 4.7 5.5

Oklahoma............................................................... 140 105 124 7.6 5.6 6.6

Oregon.................................................................. 142 102 156 6.8 4.9 7.4

Pennsylvania........................................................... 455 357 387 7.1 5.5 6.0

Rhode Island........................................................... 34 28 27 6.6 5.2 5.2

South Carolina......................................................... 191 157 179 7.9 6.3 7.2

South Dakota........................................................... 31 26 25 6.5 5.3 5.3

Tennessee.............................................................. 245 187 212 7.0 5.3 6.1

Texas.................................................................... 906 772 745 6.2 5.2 5.1

Utah..................................................................... 120 91 101 6.7 5.0 5.5

Vermont................................................................. 25 19 19 7.7 5.8 5.7

Virginia.................................................................. 332 268 257 7.5 6.0 5.8

Washington............................................................. 240 150 182 6.3 4.0 4.8

West Virginia........................................................... 67 46 53 8.9 6.0 7.0

Wisconsin............................................................... 242 153 172 7.6 4.8 5.5

Wyoming................................................................ 18 22 17 5.9 7.0 5.6

p Preliminary
Table 7. Hires levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Jan.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Jan.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 6,156 4,301 5,529 4.0 2.7 3.6

Alabama................................................................. 95 80 88 4.5 3.6 4.1

Alaska................................................................... 18 10 17 5.7 3.3 5.2

Arizona.................................................................. 166 91 130 5.3 2.8 4.0

Arkansas................................................................ 61 44 52 4.6 3.2 3.9

California................................................................ 636 402 478 3.6 2.2 2.7

Colorado................................................................ 113 108 113 3.9 3.6 3.9

Connecticut............................................................. 52 46 60 3.1 2.7 3.6

Delaware................................................................ 22 17 25 4.7 3.5 5.3

District of Columbia.................................................... 22 18 23 2.9 2.3 3.1

Florida................................................................... 405 368 376 4.2 3.7 3.8

Georgia.................................................................. 254 142 213 5.2 2.9 4.3

Hawaii................................................................... 26 17 19 4.2 2.6 3.1

Idaho.................................................................... 40 27 36 4.8 3.1 4.3

Illinois.................................................................... 239 182 205 4.0 3.0 3.4

Indiana.................................................................. 126 78 107 3.9 2.4 3.3

Iowa..................................................................... 53 37 53 3.4 2.3 3.4

Kansas.................................................................. 56 41 49 3.9 2.8 3.4

Kentucky................................................................ 89 77 84 4.5 3.8 4.2

Louisiana................................................................ 108 64 100 5.6 3.2 5.1

Maine.................................................................... 25 16 21 3.9 2.5 3.3

Maryland................................................................ 119 93 108 4.4 3.4 4.0

Massachusetts......................................................... 124 73 82 3.4 2.0 2.2

Michigan................................................................ 165 117 132 3.8 2.6 3.0

Minnesota............................................................... 88 82 99 3.0 2.7 3.4

Mississippi.............................................................. 55 44 51 4.8 3.7 4.3

Missouri................................................................. 105 65 90 3.6 2.2 3.0

Montana................................................................. 24 22 24 4.8 4.2 4.6

Nebraska................................................................ 42 29 40 4.1 2.7 3.9

Nevada.................................................................. 77 45 61 5.1 2.8 3.9

New Hampshire........................................................ 28 19 26 4.1 2.8 3.7

New Jersey............................................................. 131 98 118 3.1 2.2 2.7

New Mexico............................................................ 37 19 33 4.3 2.1 3.8

New York............................................................... 272 196 270 2.9 2.0 2.8

North Carolina.......................................................... 197 116 200 4.1 2.3 4.1

North Dakota........................................................... 14 12 16 3.3 2.6 3.7

Ohio..................................................................... 203 134 180 3.7 2.4 3.3

Oklahoma............................................................... 88 65 84 5.1 3.6 4.8

Oregon.................................................................. 88 49 88 4.5 2.4 4.5

Pennsylvania........................................................... 189 122 221 3.2 2.0 3.7

Rhode Island........................................................... 18 14 16 3.8 2.7 3.3

South Carolina......................................................... 111 84 122 5.0 3.6 5.3

South Dakota........................................................... 18 13 16 4.0 2.8 3.4

Tennessee.............................................................. 159 116 151 4.9 3.5 4.6

Texas.................................................................... 622 452 537 4.6 3.2 3.9

Utah..................................................................... 84 49 65 5.0 2.8 3.8

Vermont................................................................. 14 10 12 4.6 3.2 4.0

Virginia.................................................................. 167 127 164 4.1 3.0 4.0

Washington............................................................. 153 71 132 4.3 1.9 3.7

West Virginia........................................................... 35 25 35 5.1 3.5 5.0

Wisconsin............................................................... 108 67 94 3.7 2.2 3.2

Wyoming................................................................ 12 11 11 4.3 3.8 4.0

p Preliminary
Table 8. Total separations levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Jan.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Jan.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 6,404 5,165 5,692 4.2 3.3 3.7

Alabama................................................................. 107 66 82 5.1 3.0 3.8

Alaska................................................................... 16 19 14 5.2 6.0 4.5

Arizona.................................................................. 135 123 122 4.3 3.8 3.8

Arkansas................................................................ 67 49 51 5.0 3.6 3.8

California................................................................ 626 563 551 3.5 3.1 3.1

Colorado................................................................ 106 100 120 3.7 3.4 4.1

Connecticut............................................................. 62 58 69 3.8 3.4 4.1

Delaware................................................................ 26 17 27 5.5 3.4 5.7

District of Columbia.................................................... 27 20 24 3.6 2.6 3.2

Florida................................................................... 455 345 391 4.7 3.5 4.0

Georgia.................................................................. 256 171 194 5.3 3.4 4.0

Hawaii................................................................... 24 17 23 3.8 2.7 3.6

Idaho.................................................................... 37 38 38 4.4 4.5 4.6

Illinois.................................................................... 244 210 204 4.1 3.4 3.4

Indiana.................................................................. 134 121 125 4.2 3.7 3.9

Iowa..................................................................... 56 50 62 3.6 3.1 3.9

Kansas.................................................................. 55 46 60 3.8 3.1 4.2

Kentucky................................................................ 109 63 89 5.5 3.1 4.5

Louisiana................................................................ 107 72 90 5.5 3.7 4.6

Maine.................................................................... 26 24 25 4.1 3.7 4.0

Maryland................................................................ 136 83 115 5.1 3.0 4.3

Massachusetts......................................................... 113 98 102 3.1 2.6 2.8

Michigan................................................................ 166 126 142 3.8 2.8 3.2

Minnesota............................................................... 113 99 94 3.9 3.3 3.2

Mississippi.............................................................. 55 47 49 4.7 3.9 4.2

Missouri................................................................. 111 98 100 3.8 3.3 3.4

Montana................................................................. 27 26 25 5.3 4.9 4.8

Nebraska................................................................ 51 35 53 4.9 3.3 5.1

Nevada.................................................................. 76 64 63 5.0 4.0 4.0

New Hampshire........................................................ 32 23 28 4.7 3.2 4.0

New Jersey............................................................. 216 126 157 5.1 2.9 3.6

New Mexico............................................................ 34 29 38 4.0 3.3 4.3

New York............................................................... 306 273 299 3.2 2.8 3.1

North Carolina.......................................................... 223 156 171 4.6 3.1 3.5

North Dakota........................................................... 17 20 17 4.0 4.5 4.0

Ohio..................................................................... 213 178 183 3.9 3.1 3.3

Oklahoma............................................................... 81 57 80 4.8 3.2 4.5

Oregon.................................................................. 79 62 84 4.0 3.1 4.3

Pennsylvania........................................................... 217 174 214 3.6 2.8 3.6

Rhode Island........................................................... 24 20 21 5.0 3.9 4.3

South Carolina......................................................... 123 89 110 5.5 3.8 4.7

South Dakota........................................................... 19 18 20 4.1 3.9 4.3

Tennessee.............................................................. 176 126 134 5.4 3.8 4.1

Texas.................................................................... 597 486 502 4.4 3.4 3.6

Utah..................................................................... 75 79 77 4.5 4.5 4.5

Vermont................................................................. 12 13 11 4.0 4.0 3.5

Virginia.................................................................. 148 143 160 3.6 3.4 3.9

Washington............................................................. 136 99 121 3.8 2.7 3.4

West Virginia........................................................... 37 30 33 5.4 4.2 4.6

Wisconsin............................................................... 111 104 117 3.8 3.4 3.9

Wyoming................................................................ 14 13 13 5.1 4.4 4.5

p Preliminary
Table 9. Quits levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Jan.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Jan.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 3,743 2,933 3,242 2.5 1.9 2.1

Alabama................................................................. 60 44 53 2.8 2.0 2.4

Alaska................................................................... 9 11 9 2.9 3.5 2.8

Arizona.................................................................. 89 69 69 2.8 2.1 2.1

Arkansas................................................................ 42 30 31 3.1 2.2 2.3

California................................................................ 385 281 290 2.2 1.6 1.6

Colorado................................................................ 68 60 76 2.4 2.0 2.6

Connecticut............................................................. 33 28 39 2.0 1.7 2.3

Delaware................................................................ 15 11 14 3.1 2.2 3.0

District of Columbia.................................................... 17 11 15 2.2 1.4 2.0

Florida................................................................... 259 231 244 2.7 2.3 2.5

Georgia.................................................................. 161 121 110 3.3 2.4 2.2

Hawaii................................................................... 16 9 12 2.6 1.5 2.0

Idaho.................................................................... 23 21 23 2.8 2.4 2.7

Illinois.................................................................... 130 117 111 2.2 1.9 1.9

Indiana.................................................................. 80 54 67 2.5 1.7 2.1

Iowa..................................................................... 33 27 30 2.1 1.7 1.9

Kansas.................................................................. 33 27 27 2.3 1.8 1.9

Kentucky................................................................ 72 40 56 3.7 1.9 2.8

Louisiana................................................................ 63 42 51 3.3 2.2 2.6

Maine.................................................................... 13 11 15 2.0 1.7 2.3

Maryland................................................................ 77 47 65 2.9 1.7 2.4

Massachusetts......................................................... 57 47 56 1.6 1.3 1.5

Michigan................................................................ 90 67 68 2.1 1.5 1.5

Minnesota............................................................... 69 59 46 2.4 2.0 1.6

Mississippi.............................................................. 34 28 31 2.9 2.4 2.7

Missouri................................................................. 73 56 56 2.5 1.9 1.9

Montana................................................................. 17 14 14 3.3 2.7 2.7

Nebraska................................................................ 24 19 24 2.3 1.8 2.3

Nevada.................................................................. 50 33 35 3.3 2.1 2.3

New Hampshire........................................................ 15 11 16 2.1 1.5 2.2

New Jersey............................................................. 75 56 73 1.8 1.3 1.7

New Mexico............................................................ 22 15 20 2.5 1.7 2.2

New York............................................................... 162 148 157 1.7 1.5 1.6

North Carolina.......................................................... 122 79 87 2.5 1.6 1.8

North Dakota........................................................... 9 10 8 2.2 2.3 1.8

Ohio..................................................................... 127 88 103 2.3 1.6 1.9

Oklahoma............................................................... 49 34 44 2.9 1.9 2.5

Oregon.................................................................. 50 36 47 2.5 1.8 2.4

Pennsylvania........................................................... 124 108 139 2.1 1.7 2.3

Rhode Island........................................................... 12 10 12 2.4 1.9 2.4

South Carolina......................................................... 78 57 66 3.5 2.4 2.9

South Dakota........................................................... 11 9 10 2.4 2.0 2.2

Tennessee.............................................................. 109 79 80 3.3 2.4 2.5

Texas.................................................................... 382 309 338 2.8 2.2 2.4

Utah..................................................................... 47 47 47 2.8 2.7 2.8

Vermont................................................................. 6 6 6 2.0 2.0 2.0

Virginia.................................................................. 86 81 93 2.1 1.9 2.2

Washington............................................................. 89 50 72 2.5 1.4 2.0

West Virginia........................................................... 22 20 19 3.2 2.7 2.7

Wisconsin............................................................... 63 54 61 2.1 1.8 2.1

Wyoming................................................................ 8 7 8 2.9 2.5 2.7

p Preliminary
Table 10. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates for total nonfarm by state, not seasonally adjusted

State

Levels (in thousands) Rates

Jan.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

Jan.

2023

Dec.

2023

Jan.

2024p

TOTAL U.S............................................................. 2,329 1,829 2,003 1.5 1.2 1.3

Alabama................................................................. 29 18 22 1.4 0.8 1.0

Alaska................................................................... 6 7 4 1.8 2.0 1.3

Arizona.................................................................. 36 41 44 1.1 1.2 1.4

Arkansas................................................................ 21 16 16 1.6 1.1 1.2

California................................................................ 220 236 230 1.2 1.3 1.3

Colorado................................................................ 29 32 36 1.0 1.1 1.2

Connecticut............................................................. 24 24 26 1.4 1.4 1.6

Delaware................................................................ 10 5 11 2.1 1.0 2.3

District of Columbia.................................................... 7 6 6 1.0 0.8 0.8

Florida................................................................... 181 93 128 1.9 0.9 1.3

Georgia.................................................................. 76 40 56 1.6 0.8 1.1

Hawaii................................................................... 7 6 7 1.1 0.9 1.2

Idaho.................................................................... 10 14 12 1.2 1.7 1.5

Illinois.................................................................... 104 80 79 1.7 1.3 1.3

Indiana.................................................................. 47 60 47 1.5 1.8 1.5

Iowa..................................................................... 20 19 24 1.3 1.2 1.5

Kansas.................................................................. 19 15 22 1.3 1.0 1.6

Kentucky................................................................ 31 19 26 1.6 0.9 1.3

Louisiana................................................................ 39 24 29 2.0 1.2 1.5

Maine.................................................................... 11 10 9 1.7 1.6 1.5

Maryland................................................................ 48 30 38 1.8 1.1 1.4

Massachusetts......................................................... 45 41 37 1.2 1.1 1.0

Michigan................................................................ 67 42 61 1.5 0.9 1.4

Minnesota............................................................... 38 34 37 1.3 1.1 1.3

Mississippi.............................................................. 19 14 14 1.6 1.2 1.2

Missouri................................................................. 34 34 35 1.1 1.1 1.2

Montana................................................................. 8 9 8 1.5 1.8 1.5

Nebraska................................................................ 24 14 21 2.3 1.3 2.0

Nevada.................................................................. 22 26 23 1.4 1.6 1.5

New Hampshire........................................................ 15 9 10 2.2 1.3 1.5

New Jersey............................................................. 128 56 69 3.0 1.3 1.6

New Mexico............................................................ 10 11 15 1.1 1.2 1.7

New York............................................................... 127 94 127 1.3 1.0 1.3

North Carolina.......................................................... 90 65 73 1.9 1.3 1.5

North Dakota........................................................... 7 8 7 1.6 1.8 1.6

Ohio..................................................................... 81 75 63 1.5 1.3 1.1

Oklahoma............................................................... 27 19 30 1.6 1.0 1.7

Oregon.................................................................. 23 21 28 1.2 1.0 1.4

Pennsylvania........................................................... 85 55 67 1.4 0.9 1.1

Rhode Island........................................................... 11 9 8 2.2 1.7 1.6

South Carolina......................................................... 38 27 36 1.7 1.1 1.5

South Dakota........................................................... 7 7 7 1.5 1.5 1.5

Tennessee.............................................................. 60 39 43 1.8 1.2 1.3

Texas.................................................................... 191 151 138 1.4 1.1 1.0

Utah..................................................................... 22 24 22 1.3 1.4 1.3

Vermont................................................................. 5 5 4 1.6 1.5 1.4

Virginia.................................................................. 52 53 51 1.3 1.3 1.2

Washington............................................................. 34 41 40 0.9 1.1 1.1

West Virginia........................................................... 13 8 10 1.8 1.1 1.4

Wisconsin............................................................... 43 42 41 1.5 1.4 1.4

Wyoming................................................................ 5 4 4 1.9 1.5 1.4

p Preliminary