Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-21-1434 

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, August 6, 2021

Technical information: 

Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps

Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — JULY 2021

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 943,000 in July, and the unemployment rate declined by 

0.5 percentage point to 5.4 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Notable job gains 

occurred in leisure and hospitality, in local government education, and in professional and business 

services. 

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor 

force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey

measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the 

concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate declined by 0.5 percentage point to 5.4 percent in July, and the number of 

unemployed persons fell by 782,000 to 8.7 million. These measures are down considerably from their 

highs at the end of the February-April 2020 recession. However, they remain well above their levels 

prior to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic (3.5 percent and 5.7 million, respectively, in February 

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

July 2019 – July 2021

Percent

125,000

130,000

135,000

140,000

145,000

150,000

155,000

160,000

Jul-19 Oct-19 Jan-20 Apr-20 Jul-20 Oct-20 Jan-21 Apr-21 Jul-21

Thousands

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 

July 2019 – July 2021

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Jul-19 Oct-19 Jan-20 Apr-20 Jul-20 Oct-20 Jan-21 Apr-21 Jul-21
-2-

2020). (See table A-1. See the box note on page 6 for more information about how the household survey 

and its measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates declined in July for adult men (5.4 percent), 

adult women (5.0 percent), Whites (4.8 percent), Blacks (8.2 percent), and Hispanics (6.6 percent). The 

jobless rates for teenagers (9.6 percent) and Asians (5.3 percent) showed little change over the month. 

(See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Among the unemployed, the number of persons on temporary layoff fell by 572,000 to 1.2 million in 

July. This measure is down considerably from the high of 18.0 million in April 2020 but is 489,000 

above the February 2020 level. The number of permanent job losers declined by 257,000 to 2.9 million 

in July but is 1.6 million higher than in February 2020. (See table A-11.) 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) decreased by 560,000 in 

July to 3.4 million but is 2.3 million higher than in February 2020. These long-term unemployed 

accounted for 39.3 percent of the total unemployed in July. The number of persons jobless less than 5

weeks increased by 276,000 to 2.3 million. (See table A-12.) 

The labor force participation rate was little changed at 61.7 percent in July and has remained within a 

narrow range of 61.4 percent to 61.7 percent since June 2020. The participation rate is 1.6 percentage

points lower than in February 2020. The employment-population ratio increased by 0.4 percentage 

point to 58.4 percent in July and is up by 1.0 percentage point since December 2020. However, this 

measure is 2.7 percentage points below its February 2020 level. (See table A-1.) 

In July, the number of persons employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.5 million, was about

unchanged. There were 4.4 million persons in this category in February 2020. These individuals, who 

would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been 

reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) 

In July, the number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was 6.5 million, about 

unchanged over the month but up by 1.5 million since February 2020. These individuals were not 

counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the last 4 weeks or were 

unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.) 

Among those not in the labor force who currently want a job, the number of persons marginally 

attached to the labor force, at 1.9 million, was little changed in July but is up by 435,000 since 

February 2020. These individuals wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job 

sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The 

number of discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were

available for them, was 507,000 in July, down by 110,000 from the previous month but 106,000 higher 

than in February 2020. (See Summary table A.) 

Household Survey Supplemental Data

In July, 13.2 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic, down 

from 14.4 percent in the prior month. These data refer to employed persons who teleworked or worked 

at home for pay at some point in the last 4 weeks specifically because of the pandemic.
-3-

In July, 5.2 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their employer closed 

or lost business due to the pandemic—that is, they did not work at all or worked fewer hours at some 

point in the last 4 weeks due to the pandemic. This measure is down from 6.2 million in June. Among 

those who reported in July that they were unable to work because of pandemic-related closures or lost 

business, 9.1 percent received at least some pay from their employer for the hours not worked, little 

changed from the previous month. 

Among those not in the labor force in July, 1.6 million persons were prevented from looking for work 

due to the pandemic, essentially unchanged from June. (To be counted as unemployed, by definition, 

individuals must be either actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.) 

These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in May 2020 to 

help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not seasonally adjusted. Tables 

with estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are available online at 

www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm. 

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 943,000 in July, following a similar increase in June

(+938,000). Nonfarm payroll employment in July is up by 16.7 million since April 2020 but is down by 

5.7 million, or 3.7 percent, from its pre-pandemic level in February 2020. In July, notable job gains 

occurred in leisure and hospitality, in local government education, and in professional and business 

services. (See table B-1. See the box note on page 6 for more information about how the establishment 

survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic.) 

In July, employment in leisure and hospitality increased by 380,000. Two-thirds of the job gain was in 

food services and drinking places (+253,000). Employment also continued to increase in 

accommodation (+74,000) and in arts, entertainment, and recreation (+53,000). Despite recent growth, 

employment in leisure and hospitality is down by 1.7 million, or 10.3 percent, from its level in February 

2020. 

In July, employment rose by 221,000 in local government education and by 40,000 in private 

education. Staffing fluctuations in education due to the pandemic have distorted the normal seasonal 

buildup and layoff patterns, likely contributing to the job gains in July. Without the typical seasonal 

employment increases earlier, there were fewer layoffs at the end of the school year, resulting in job 

gains after seasonal adjustment. These variations make it more challenging to discern the current 

employment trends in these education industries. Since February 2020, employment is down by 205,000 

in local government education and 207,000 in private education. 

Employment in professional and business services rose by 60,000 in July. Within the industry, 

employment in the professional and technical services component rose by 43,000 over the month and is 

121,000 above its February 2020 level. (Professional and technical services includes industries such as 

accounting and bookkeeping services, management and technical consulting services, and scientific 

research and development services.) By contrast, employment in the administrative and waste services 

component (which includes temporary help services) changed little over the month (+20,000) and is 

577,000 lower than in February 2020. Employment in the management of companies and enterprises 

component was also little changed over the month (-3,000) but is 100,000 lower than the level in 
-4-

February 2020. Employment in professional and business services overall is down by 556,000 since 

February 2020. 

Transportation and warehousing added 50,000 jobs in July. Job growth occurred in transit and ground 

passenger transportation (+19,000), warehousing and storage (+11,000), and couriers and messengers 

(+8,000). Employment in transportation and warehousing has grown by 534,000 since April 2020; the 

industry has recovered 92.9 percent of the jobs lost during the February-April 2020 recession 

(-575,000). 

The other services industry added 39,000 jobs in July, with gains in membership associations and 

organizations (+17,000) and in personal and laundry services (+15,000). Employment in other services 

is 236,000 lower than in February 2020. 

Health care added 37,000 jobs in July. Job gains in ambulatory health care services (+32,000) and 

hospitals (+18,000) more than offset a loss of 13,000 jobs in nursing and residential care facilities. 

Health care employment is down by 502,000 since February 2020. 

Employment in manufacturing increased by 27,000 in July, largely in durable goods manufacturing. 

Within durable goods, job gains occurred in machinery (+7,000) and miscellaneous durable goods 

manufacturing (+6,000). Manufacturing employment is 433,000 below its February 2020 level. 

Employment in information increased by 24,000 over the month, with three-quarters of the gain in 

motion picture and sound recording industries (+18,000). Employment in information is down by 

172,000 since February 2020. 

Employment in financial activities rose by 22,000 over the month, largely in real estate and rental and 

leasing (+18,000). Employment in financial activities is down by 48,000 since February 2020. 

Employment in mining increased by 7,000 in July, reflecting a gain in support activities for mining 

(+6,000). Mining employment has risen by 49,000 since a trough in August 2020 but is 103,000 below a 

peak in January 2019. 

Employment in retail trade changed little in July (-6,000), following large increases in the prior 2 

months. In July, job gains in gasoline stations (+14,000), miscellaneous store retailers (+7,000), and 

nonstore retailers (+5,000) were more than offset by a loss in building material and garden supply stores 

(-34,000). Since February 2020, employment in retail trade is down by 270,000. 

In July, employment showed little change in construction and wholesale trade. 

In July, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 11 cents 

to $30.54, following increases in the prior 3 months. Average hourly earnings for private-sector 

production and nonsupervisory employees also rose by 11 cents in July to $25.83. The data for recent 

months suggest that the rising demand for labor associated with the recovery from the pandemic may 

have put upward pressure on wages. However, because average hourly earnings vary widely across 

industries, the large employment fluctuations since February 2020 complicate the analysis of recent 

trends in average hourly earnings. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 
-5-

In July, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.8 

hours. In manufacturing, the average workweek increased by 0.2 hour to 40.5 hours, and overtime was 

unchanged at 3.2 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 

private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.2 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for May was revised up by 31,000, from +583,000 to 

+614,000, and the change for June was revised up by 88,000, from +850,000 to +938,000. With these 

revisions, employment in May and June combined is 119,000 higher than previously reported. (Monthly 

revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last 

published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for August is scheduled to be released on Friday, September 3, 2021, at 

8:30 a.m. (ET).
-6-

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on July 2021 Household and 

Establishment Survey Data

Data collection for both surveys was affected by the pandemic. In the establishment survey, more data 

continued to be collected by web than in months prior to the pandemic. In the household survey, for the 

safety of both interviewers and respondents, in-person interviews were conducted only when telephone 

interviews could not be done. 

As in previous months, some workers affected by the pandemic who should have been classified as 

unemployed on temporary layoff were instead misclassified as employed but not at work. However, the 

share of responses that may have been misclassified was highest in the early months of the pandemic 

and has been considerably lower in recent months. Since March 2020, BLS has published an estimate of 

what the unemployment rate might have been had misclassified workers been included among the 

unemployed. Repeating this same approach, the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in July 2021 

would have been 0.3 percentage point higher than reported. However, this represents the upper bound of 

our estimate of misclassification and probably overstates the size of the misclassification error. 

More information about the impact of the pandemic on the two surveys is available at 

www.bls.gov/covid19/employment-situation-covid19-faq-july-2021.htm. 

2021 Preliminary Benchmark Revision to Establishment Survey Data 

to be released on August 18, 2021 

Each year, the establishment survey estimates are benchmarked to comprehensive counts of employment 

from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) for the month of March. These counts 

are derived from state unemployment insurance (UI) tax records that nearly all employers are required to 

file. At 10:00 a.m. (ET) on August 18, 2021, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) will release the 

preliminary estimate of the upcoming annual benchmark revision to the establishment survey data. This 

is the same day that the first-quarter 2021 data from QCEW will be issued. Preliminary benchmark 

revisions for all major industry sectors, as well as total nonfarm and total private employment, will be 

available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesprelbmk.htm.

The final benchmark revision will be issued with the publication of the January 2022 Employment 

Situation news release in February 2022. 
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category July

2020

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

Change from:

June 2021-

July 2021

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 260,373 261,210 261,338 261,469 131

Civilian labor force........................................................... 160,085 160,935 161,086 161,347 261

Participation rate.......................................................... 61.5 61.6 61.6 61.7 0.1

Employed................................................................... 143,777 151,620 151,602 152,645 1,043

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 55.2 58.0 58.0 58.4 0.4

Unemployed............................................................... 16,308 9,316 9,484 8,702 -782

Unemployment rate.................................................... 10.2 5.8 5.9 5.4 -0.5

Not in labor force............................................................ 100,288 100,275 100,253 100,123 -130

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 10.2 5.8 5.9 5.4 -0.5

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 9.4 5.9 5.9 5.4 -0.5

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 10.4 5.4 5.5 5.0 -0.5

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 19.1 9.6 9.9 9.6 -0.3

White.......................................................................... 9.2 5.1 5.2 4.8 -0.4

Black or African American.................................................. 14.4 9.1 9.2 8.2 -1.0

Asian.......................................................................... 11.9 5.5 5.8 5.3 -0.5

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 12.7 7.3 7.4 6.6 -0.8

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 9.0 5.1 5.4 4.8 -0.6

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 15.1 9.1 10.2 9.5 -0.7

High school graduates, no college........................................ 10.8 6.8 7.0 6.3 -0.7

Some college or associate degree........................................ 9.9 5.9 5.8 5.0 -0.8

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 6.7 3.2 3.5 3.1 -0.4

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 12,891 5,841 5,787 4,960 -827

Job leavers...................................................................... 579 778 942 930 -12

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,315 2,149 2,298 2,287 -11

New entrants.................................................................... 513 525 494 463 -31

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 3,188 2,023 1,981 2,257 276

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 5,175 2,126 2,166 1,861 -305

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 6,488 1,262 1,329 1,174 -155

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,483 3,752 3,985 3,425 -560

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 8,400 5,271 4,627 4,483 -144

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 7,228 4,069 3,430 2,965 -465

Could only find part-time work............................................. 1,016 966 1,007 1,116 109

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 17,773 19,160 20,337 20,087 -250

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,979 1,955 1,830 1,872 42

Discouraged workers........................................................ 660 600 617 507 -110

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category July

2020

May

2021

June

2021p

July

2021p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,726 614 938 943

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,523 555 769 703

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 16 45 44

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4 4 11 6

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 -24 -5 11

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 36 39 27

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 27 37 20

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.7 29.1 2.7 0.8

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 9 2 7

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,463 539 724 659

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -19.5 14.8 27.2 2.8

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240.1 59.9 72.5 -5.5

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.5 15.0 19.6 49.7

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 -0.9 -0.4 -0.1

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -10 20 4 24

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2 -1 22

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 50 75 60

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133.5 7.5 35.0 9.7

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 46 60 87

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201.4 12.8 7.3 46.8

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666 319 394 380

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 13 73 39

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 59 169 240

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,135 556 607 832

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,225 502 517 676

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.7 49.8 49.8 49.9

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.2 48.4 48.4 48.4

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.3 81.4 81.3 81.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.6 34.8 34.8 34.8

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $29.37 $30.31 $30.43 $30.54

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,016.20 $1,054.79 $1,058.96 $1,062.79

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.5 107.7 108.4 109.0

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 0.2 0.6 0.6

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.9 156.1 157.7 159.1

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 0.6 1.0 0.9

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (257 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 64.0 68.5 67.5

Manufacturing (75 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.3 59.3 66.0 68.0

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences

between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The

Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit

www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.

6.Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. 
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 144,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 697,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific active efforts to find employment 

sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 

reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting 

recall need not be looking for work to be counted as 

unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the 

household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for 

or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who worked or received pay for any part of the 

reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. 

Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and 

earnings data are produced for the private sector for all 

employees and for production and nonsupervisory 

employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are 

defined as production and related employees in 

manufacturing and mining and logging, construction 

workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in 

private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 

2017 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of 

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and 

duration are derived from the sum of the independently 

seasonally adjusted component series, and will not 

necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally 

adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information 

about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be 

found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -60,000 to +160,000 

(50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

July

2020

June

2021

July

2021

July

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260,373 261,338 261,469 260,373 261,003 261,103 261,210 261,338 261,469

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161,374 162,167 162,817 160,085 160,558 160,988 160,935 161,086 161,347

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.0 62.1 62.3 61.5 61.5 61.7 61.6 61.6 61.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,492 152,283 153,596 143,777 150,848 151,176 151,620 151,602 152,645

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.5 58.3 58.7 55.2 57.8 57.9 58.0 58.0 58.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,882 9,883 9,221 16,308 9,710 9,812 9,316 9,484 8,702

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 6.1 5.7 10.2 6.0 6.1 5.8 5.9 5.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,998 99,172 98,653 100,288 100,445 100,115 100,275 100,253 100,123

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,003 6,869 6,818 7,680 6,850 6,647 6,600 6,428 6,517

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,944 126,434 126,499 125,944 126,266 126,316 126,369 126,434 126,499

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,685 86,227 86,723 84,534 84,917 85,410 85,210 85,320 85,507

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.0 68.2 68.6 67.1 67.3 67.6 67.4 67.5 67.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,375 80,994 81,918 76,256 79,681 80,017 80,062 80,176 80,712

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.4 64.1 64.8 60.5 63.1 63.3 63.4 63.4 63.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,310 5,233 4,806 8,278 5,236 5,394 5,148 5,144 4,795

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 6.1 5.5 9.8 6.2 6.3 6.0 6.0 5.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,258 40,206 39,776 41,409 41,349 40,905 41,159 41,114 40,992

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,580 118,125 118,192 117,580 117,949 118,003 118,059 118,125 118,192

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,353 82,756 83,075 81,861 81,978 82,333 82,182 82,414 82,526

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.0 70.1 70.3 69.6 69.5 69.8 69.6 69.8 69.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,756 77,978 78,698 74,173 77,194 77,348 77,340 77,545 78,041

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.6 66.0 66.6 63.1 65.4 65.5 65.5 65.6 66.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,597 4,778 4,376 7,688 4,784 4,985 4,842 4,869 4,484

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 5.8 5.3 9.4 5.8 6.1 5.9 5.9 5.4

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,227 35,369 35,118 35,719 35,972 35,670 35,877 35,711 35,667

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,429 134,905 134,970 134,429 134,737 134,787 134,841 134,905 134,970

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,689 75,939 76,093 75,551 75,641 75,577 75,725 75,766 75,840

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.3 56.3 56.4 56.2 56.1 56.1 56.2 56.2 56.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,117 71,289 71,678 67,520 71,167 71,159 71,557 71,426 71,934

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.9 52.8 53.1 50.2 52.8 52.8 53.1 52.9 53.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,572 4,650 4,416 8,030 4,474 4,418 4,168 4,340 3,906

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 6.1 5.8 10.6 5.9 5.8 5.5 5.7 5.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,740 58,965 58,877 58,879 59,096 59,210 59,116 59,139 59,130

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,243 126,770 126,837 126,243 126,594 126,648 126,704 126,770 126,837

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,404 72,544 72,547 72,866 72,668 72,503 72,707 72,855 72,883

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.4 57.2 57.2 57.7 57.4 57.2 57.4 57.5 57.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,384 68,353 68,494 65,270 68,513 68,430 68,811 68,817 69,235

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.0 53.9 54.0 51.7 54.1 54.0 54.3 54.3 54.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,020 4,191 4,053 7,596 4,155 4,073 3,895 4,038 3,648

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 5.8 5.6 10.4 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.5 5.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,839 54,226 54,290 53,377 53,926 54,145 53,998 53,915 53,954

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,550 16,443 16,440 16,550 16,460 16,451 16,446 16,443 16,440

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,618 6,867 7,195 5,358 5,913 6,152 6,046 5,817 5,938

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.0 41.8 43.8 32.4 35.9 37.4 36.8 35.4 36.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,353 5,952 6,403 4,333 5,142 5,398 5,468 5,240 5,369

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.3 36.2 38.9 26.2 31.2 32.8 33.2 31.9 32.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,265 915 792 1,024 771 754 578 577 569

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.1 13.3 11.0 19.1 13.0 12.3 9.6 9.9 9.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,932 9,577 9,245 11,192 10,547 10,300 10,400 10,626 10,502

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

July

2020

June

2021

July

2021

July

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201,319 201,814 201,888 201,319 201,642 201,687 201,743 201,814 201,888

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,664 124,582 125,285 123,748 123,819 123,964 123,897 123,800 124,413

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 61.7 62.1 61.5 61.4 61.5 61.4 61.3 61.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,913 117,832 118,974 112,372 117,166 117,358 117,553 117,320 118,428

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.1 58.4 58.9 55.8 58.1 58.2 58.3 58.1 58.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,752 6,750 6,311 11,376 6,653 6,606 6,344 6,480 5,985

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 5.4 5.0 9.2 5.4 5.3 5.1 5.2 4.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,655 77,231 76,602 77,571 77,823 77,723 77,845 78,013 77,475

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,672 64,695 65,140 64,412 64,289 64,593 64,492 64,478 64,858

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.1 69.9 70.3 69.8 69.5 69.8 69.7 69.6 70.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,432 61,446 62,093 59,077 60,935 61,155 61,182 61,122 61,701

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.4 66.4 67.0 64.0 65.9 66.1 66.1 66.0 66.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,240 3,250 3,048 5,335 3,353 3,439 3,311 3,357 3,157

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 5.0 4.7 8.3 5.2 5.3 5.1 5.2 4.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,843 54,558 54,594 55,186 54,911 54,603 54,698 54,800 54,993

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.6 56.1 56.2 57.0 56.6 56.2 56.3 56.4 56.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,214 51,697 51,831 49,880 52,155 51,965 52,079 52,084 52,538

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.8 53.2 53.3 51.5 53.7 53.5 53.6 53.6 54.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,629 2,860 2,763 5,306 2,756 2,638 2,618 2,716 2,455

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 5.2 5.1 9.6 5.0 4.8 4.8 5.0 4.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,150 5,329 5,551 4,150 4,619 4,768 4,707 4,522 4,562

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42.4 44.2 46.0 34.2 38.2 39.5 39.0 37.5 37.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,266 4,689 5,050 3,415 4,076 4,238 4,292 4,114 4,189

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1 38.9 41.9 28.1 33.7 35.1 35.6 34.1 34.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 884 640 501 735 543 530 415 408 373

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.2 12.0 9.0 17.7 11.8 11.1 8.8 9.0 8.2

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,353 33,595 33,619 33,353 33,530 33,551 33,572 33,595 33,619

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,321 20,846 20,692 20,065 20,362 20,544 20,439 20,679 20,430

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.9 62.1 61.6 60.2 60.7 61.2 60.9 61.6 60.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,283 18,881 18,883 17,182 18,412 18,546 18,584 18,769 18,757

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.8 56.2 56.2 51.5 54.9 55.3 55.4 55.9 55.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,038 1,966 1,809 2,883 1,951 1,998 1,854 1,910 1,673

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.0 9.4 8.7 14.4 9.6 9.7 9.1 9.2 8.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,031 12,749 12,926 13,288 13,168 13,007 13,133 12,916 13,189

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,319 9,678 9,503 9,222 9,430 9,465 9,460 9,607 9,402

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.3 68.2 66.9 65.6 66.6 66.8 66.7 67.7 66.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,923 8,733 8,699 7,838 8,501 8,498 8,533 8,648 8,609

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.4 61.5 61.2 55.8 60.0 59.9 60.1 60.9 60.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,396 945 804 1,384 928 967 927 958 793

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.0 9.8 8.5 15.0 9.8 10.2 9.8 10.0 8.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,136 10,335 10,284 10,140 10,181 10,315 10,293 10,358 10,293

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.0 60.8 60.4 60.1 60.0 60.7 60.6 60.9 60.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,702 9,445 9,426 8,794 9,294 9,429 9,448 9,473 9,511

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.6 55.5 55.4 52.1 54.8 55.5 55.6 55.7 55.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,433 889 858 1,346 887 887 844 886 782

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1 8.6 8.3 13.3 8.7 8.6 8.2 8.5 7.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866 833 905 703 752 764 686 714 735

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.9 34.9 37.9 29.1 31.4 32.0 28.7 29.9 30.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657 702 758 550 616 620 603 648 637

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.2 29.4 31.8 22.8 25.7 25.9 25.2 27.1 26.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 131 147 153 136 144 83 67 98

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.2 15.7 16.3 21.8 18.1 18.9 12.1 9.3 13.3

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

July

2020

June

2021

July

2021

July

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,420 16,428 16,514 16,420 16,532 16,532 16,529 16,428 16,514

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,481 10,465 10,703 10,470 10,422 10,375 10,471 10,387 10,654

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.8 63.7 64.8 63.8 63.0 62.8 63.4 63.2 64.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,207 9,851 10,118 9,220 9,799 9,786 9,890 9,789 10,094

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.1 60.0 61.3 56.2 59.3 59.2 59.8 59.6 61.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,274 613 585 1,250 623 589 581 598 559

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.2 5.9 5.5 11.9 6.0 5.7 5.5 5.8 5.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,939 5,964 5,811 5,950 6,110 6,157 6,057 6,042 5,861

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

July

2020

June

2021

July

2021

July

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 44,212 44,857 44,927 44,212 44,651 44,719 44,786 44,857 44,927

Civilian labor force................................ 28,737 29,442 29,607 28,586 29,273 29,199 29,243 29,367 29,529

Participation rate............................... 65.0 65.6 65.9 64.7 65.6 65.3 65.3 65.5 65.7

Employed....................................... 24,998 27,280 27,652 24,942 26,975 26,889 27,110 27,183 27,576

Employment-population ratio............... 56.5 60.8 61.5 56.4 60.4 60.1 60.5 60.6 61.4

Unemployed.................................... 3,739 2,162 1,955 3,644 2,298 2,310 2,133 2,184 1,953

Unemployment rate......................... 13.0 7.3 6.6 12.7 7.9 7.9 7.3 7.4 6.6

Not in labor force................................. 15,475 15,415 15,320 15,626 15,378 15,520 15,543 15,490 15,398

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 15,538 16,034 16,209 15,488 16,007 16,086 16,079 16,068 16,228

Participation rate............................... 77.8 79.1 79.8 77.6 79.3 79.6 79.5 79.3 79.9

Employed....................................... 13,832 15,060 15,316 13,755 14,804 14,882 15,006 15,005 15,225

Employment-population ratio............... 69.3 74.3 75.4 68.9 73.4 73.6 74.1 74.0 75.0

Unemployed.................................... 1,706 974 893 1,733 1,203 1,204 1,073 1,063 1,003

Unemployment rate......................... 11.0 6.1 5.5 11.2 7.5 7.5 6.7 6.6 6.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 11,825 12,067 11,939 11,904 11,909 11,790 11,928 12,071 12,020

Participation rate............................... 58.5 58.7 58.0 58.8 58.3 57.6 58.2 58.8 58.4

Employed....................................... 10,124 11,099 11,087 10,248 11,035 10,909 11,043 11,111 11,209

Employment-population ratio............... 50.0 54.0 53.9 50.7 54.0 53.3 53.8 54.1 54.5

Unemployed.................................... 1,701 968 851 1,656 874 881 884 959 811

Unemployment rate......................... 14.4 8.0 7.1 13.9 7.3 7.5 7.4 7.9 6.7

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,374 1,341 1,459 1,194 1,356 1,323 1,236 1,228 1,280

Participation rate............................... 34.2 33.2 36.0 29.7 33.6 32.8 30.6 30.4 31.6

Employed....................................... 1,042 1,121 1,248 939 1,135 1,098 1,061 1,066 1,142

Employment-population ratio............... 25.9 27.7 30.8 23.4 28.2 27.2 26.3 26.4 28.2

Unemployed.................................... 332 220 211 255 221 225 175 162 138

Unemployment rate......................... 24.2 16.4 14.5 21.4 16.3 17.0 14.2 13.2 10.8

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2020

June

2021

July

2021

July

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 8,093 9,286 9,046 8,290 8,936 9,020 8,790 9,142 9,254

Participation rate.................................. 44.0 44.8 45.7 45.1 44.4 44.2 42.8 44.1 46.7

Employed.......................................... 6,884 8,404 8,214 7,035 8,204 8,185 7,993 8,210 8,377

Employment-population ratio................. 37.4 40.5 41.5 38.3 40.8 40.1 38.9 39.6 42.3

Unemployed....................................... 1,209 882 832 1,256 731 835 797 932 877

Unemployment rate............................ 14.9 9.5 9.2 15.1 8.2 9.3 9.1 10.2 9.5

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 33,934 34,644 34,895 34,099 34,278 34,704 34,930 34,972 34,947

Participation rate.................................. 55.4 55.4 55.2 55.6 54.8 55.3 55.5 55.9 55.3

Employed.......................................... 30,274 32,306 32,721 30,416 31,984 32,307 32,543 32,517 32,735

Employment-population ratio................. 49.4 51.7 51.7 49.6 51.1 51.5 51.7 52.0 51.8

Unemployed....................................... 3,660 2,338 2,175 3,683 2,295 2,397 2,388 2,455 2,211

Unemployment rate............................ 10.8 6.7 6.2 10.8 6.7 6.9 6.8 7.0 6.3

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 36,459 36,103 35,827 36,600 35,771 35,485 35,917 36,079 35,896

Participation rate.................................. 63.4 63.1 62.9 63.7 63.3 63.0 63.4 63.1 63.0

Employed.......................................... 32,755 34,000 33,955 32,978 33,677 33,422 33,808 33,970 34,111

Employment-population ratio................. 57.0 59.4 59.6 57.4 59.6 59.3 59.7 59.4 59.9

Unemployed....................................... 3,704 2,103 1,872 3,622 2,094 2,063 2,108 2,109 1,785

Unemployment rate............................ 10.2 5.8 5.2 9.9 5.9 5.8 5.9 5.8 5.0

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 61,410 60,014 60,526 61,810 60,835 60,804 60,727 60,483 60,927

Participation rate.................................. 71.6 71.8 71.9 72.1 72.0 72.2 72.5 72.3 72.4

Employed.......................................... 57,072 57,872 58,438 57,671 58,612 58,662 58,802 58,392 59,027

Employment-population ratio................. 66.6 69.2 69.4 67.3 69.4 69.6 70.2 69.8 70.1

Unemployed....................................... 4,338 2,142 2,089 4,139 2,224 2,142 1,925 2,091 1,900

Unemployment rate............................ 7.1 3.6 3.5 6.7 3.7 3.5 3.2 3.5 3.1

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

July

2020

July

2021

July

2020

July

2021

July

2020

July

2021

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,450 18,793 16,546 16,778 1,904 2,015

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,853 8,991 7,838 7,886 1,015 1,105

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.0 47.8 47.4 47.0 53.3 54.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,153 8,635 7,247 7,562 906 1,073

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.2 45.9 43.8 45.1 47.6 53.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699 356 591 324 108 32

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 4.0 7.5 4.1 10.7 2.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,597 9,802 8,708 8,892 889 910

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,572 4,816 3,806 3,979 765 836

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,600 3,792 3,132 3,219 468 573

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.7 78.7 82.3 80.9 61.1 68.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,304 3,637 2,873 3,080 431 557

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.3 75.5 75.5 77.4 56.2 66.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296 155 259 138 37 16

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 4.1 8.3 4.3 7.9 2.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 972 1,024 674 761 298 263

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,993 3,175 2,495 2,672 499 504

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,257 2,329 1,924 2,014 333 315

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.4 73.3 77.1 75.4 66.8 62.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,099 2,255 1,810 1,950 289 305

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.1 71.0 72.5 73.0 58.0 60.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 74 114 65 44 10

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 3.2 5.9 3.2 13.2 3.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736 846 571 657 166 189

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,809 6,674 6,571 6,415 238 259

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,189 1,054 1,159 999 31 54

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.5 15.8 17.6 15.6 12.8 20.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,091 992 1,074 938 18 54

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.0 14.9 16.3 14.6 7.4 20.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 62 85 62 13 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 5.9 7.4 6.2 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,620 5,620 5,412 5,416 207 205

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,076 4,128 3,674 3,712 402 416

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,807 1,817 1,623 1,654 184 163

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.3 44.0 44.2 44.6 45.7 39.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,660 1,752 1,490 1,595 169 157

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.7 42.4 40.6 43.0 42.1 37.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 65 133 59 14 6

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 3.6 8.2 3.6 7.9 3.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,269 2,311 2,051 2,058 218 253

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233,036 234,219 104,921 105,435 128,115 128,784

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,881 151,066 76,557 77,486 73,325 73,580

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.3 64.5 73.0 73.5 57.2 57.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,215 142,554 69,143 73,184 65,072 69,370

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.6 60.9 65.9 69.4 50.8 53.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,667 8,512 7,414 4,303 8,252 4,210

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 5.6 9.7 5.6 11.3 5.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,154 83,153 28,364 27,949 54,790 55,204

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2021 data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

July

2020

July

2021

July

2020

July

2021

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 28,980 31,650 231,392 229,819

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 5,862 6,743 155,512 156,074

Participation rate..................................................................... 20.2 21.3 67.2 67.9

Employed............................................................................. 5,025 5,925 139,467 147,671

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 17.3 18.7 60.3 64.3

Unemployed.......................................................................... 837 819 16,045 8,403

Unemployment rate............................................................... 14.3 12.1 10.3 5.4

Not in labor force....................................................................... 23,118 24,907 75,880 73,745

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,589 2,928 77,256 77,987

Participation rate..................................................................... 35.5 37.5 82.1 83.5

Employed............................................................................. 2,256 2,587 69,751 73,816

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 31.0 33.1 74.1 79.1

Unemployed.......................................................................... 334 342 7,505 4,171

Unemployment rate............................................................... 12.9 11.7 9.7 5.3

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,698 4,890 16,822 15,388

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,180 2,692 68,841 68,907

Participation rate..................................................................... 30.4 33.0 70.8 71.8

Employed............................................................................. 1,807 2,325 61,163 65,107

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 25.2 28.5 62.9 67.9

Unemployed.......................................................................... 372 367 7,678 3,799

Unemployment rate............................................................... 17.1 13.6 11.2 5.5

Not in labor force....................................................................... 4,985 5,461 28,374 27,023

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,093 1,123 9,415 9,180

Participation rate..................................................................... 7.5 7.2 23.5 22.7

Employed............................................................................. 962 1,013 8,553 8,748

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 6.6 6.5 21.3 21.6

Unemployed.......................................................................... 131 110 863 433

Unemployment rate............................................................... 12.0 9.8 9.2 4.7

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,435 14,555 30,684 31,335

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

July

2020

July

2021

July

2020

July

2021

July

2020

July

2021

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 42,079 42,818 20,322 20,769 21,757 22,049

Civilian labor force.................................................. 27,349 27,712 15,532 15,885 11,817 11,827

Participation rate.................................................. 65.0 64.7 76.4 76.5 54.3 53.6

Employed.......................................................... 23,946 26,216 13,867 15,053 10,079 11,163

Employment-population ratio................................. 56.9 61.2 68.2 72.5 46.3 50.6

Unemployed....................................................... 3,404 1,496 1,666 831 1,738 665

Unemployment rate............................................ 12.4 5.4 10.7 5.2 14.7 5.6

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,730 15,106 4,789 4,884 9,940 10,222

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 218,294 218,651 105,622 105,730 112,672 112,921

Civilian labor force.................................................. 134,025 135,105 70,153 70,839 63,872 64,266

Participation rate.................................................. 61.4 61.8 66.4 67.0 56.7 56.9

Employed.......................................................... 120,546 127,380 63,508 66,865 57,038 60,515

Employment-population ratio................................. 55.2 58.3 60.1 63.2 50.6 53.6

Unemployed....................................................... 13,479 7,725 6,644 3,974 6,834 3,751

Unemployment rate............................................ 10.1 5.7 9.5 5.6 10.7 5.8

Not in labor force.................................................... 84,269 83,546 35,469 34,891 48,799 48,655

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2020

June

2021

July

2021

July

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,271 2,399 2,401 2,158 2,228 2,292 2,293 2,318 2,305

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,518 1,637 1,636 1,470 1,518 1,527 1,534 1,604 1,584

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 714 730 740 682 635 688 737 692 708

Unpaid family workers........................... 39 31 24 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 142,221 149,885 151,195 141,455 148,598 148,942 149,397 149,329 150,481

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 133,575 140,511 141,412 132,763 139,382 139,825 139,799 139,873 140,487

Government..................................... 19,614 20,280 19,923 20,479 20,644 20,410 20,454 20,578 20,761

Private industries............................... 113,961 120,230 121,489 112,420 118,616 119,548 119,449 119,460 119,955

Private households.......................... 708 654 679 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 113,253 119,576 120,810 111,741 117,896 118,995 118,901 118,948 119,334

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,564 9,303 9,716 8,462 9,241 8,962 9,265 9,146 9,571

Unpaid family workers........................... 82 71 67 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 8,572 4,837 4,605 8,400 5,826 5,243 5,271 4,627 4,483

Slack work or business conditions............. 7,280 3,513 2,997 7,228 4,629 3,997 4,069 3,430 2,965

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,034 1,051 1,149 1,016 984 974 966 1,007 1,116

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 16,384 19,453 18,660 17,773 19,102 19,057 19,160 20,337 20,087

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 8,521 4,776 4,526 8,336 5,804 5,178 5,231 4,544 4,351

Slack work or business conditions............. 7,239 3,474 2,953 7,177 4,592 3,949 4,039 3,381 2,908

Could only find part-time work.................. 1,026 1,037 1,127 1,013 982 970 963 996 1,099

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 15,998 19,113 18,310 17,383 18,726 18,713 18,774 19,982 19,736

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2020

June

2021

July

2021

July

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,492 152,283 153,596 143,777 150,848 151,176 151,620 151,602 152,645

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,353 5,952 6,403 4,333 5,142 5,398 5,468 5,240 5,369

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,124 2,197 2,407 1,687 1,923 2,057 2,080 1,952 1,971

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,229 3,755 3,996 2,621 3,256 3,337 3,380 3,287 3,378

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,139 146,331 147,193 139,443 145,706 145,778 146,151 146,362 147,277

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,154 13,749 13,865 11,643 13,150 13,118 13,157 13,399 13,342

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,985 132,582 133,327 127,880 132,492 132,540 132,898 133,068 134,135

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,504 97,028 97,586 93,158 96,856 96,952 97,172 97,331 98,131

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,962 34,196 34,421 32,168 34,099 34,319 34,406 34,284 34,589

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,215 32,528 32,740 31,429 32,406 32,407 32,491 32,612 32,923

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,327 30,305 30,426 29,561 30,351 30,226 30,275 30,436 30,620

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,481 35,554 35,741 34,722 35,636 35,588 35,726 35,737 36,003

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,375 80,994 81,918 76,256 79,681 80,017 80,062 80,176 80,712

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,619 3,016 3,220 2,083 2,488 2,669 2,722 2,631 2,670

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985 1,107 1,172 752 879 970 1,013 942 944

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,634 1,909 2,047 1,313 1,632 1,680 1,707 1,679 1,720

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,756 77,978 78,698 74,173 77,194 77,348 77,340 77,545 78,041

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,347 6,956 7,074 5,975 6,711 6,770 6,719 6,737 6,713

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,409 71,022 71,624 68,333 70,499 70,562 70,798 70,955 71,479

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,744 51,861 52,327 49,698 51,542 51,616 51,664 51,804 52,220

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,062 18,162 18,507 17,054 18,229 18,339 18,352 18,167 18,472

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,911 17,664 17,750 16,882 17,468 17,477 17,525 17,616 17,707

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,771 16,035 16,069 15,762 15,845 15,801 15,787 16,021 16,041

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,665 19,161 19,297 18,634 18,957 18,946 19,134 19,150 19,259

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,117 71,289 71,678 67,520 71,167 71,159 71,557 71,426 71,934

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,734 2,936 3,183 2,250 2,654 2,729 2,746 2,609 2,698

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,139 1,091 1,235 935 1,044 1,087 1,067 1,010 1,027

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,595 1,845 1,949 1,308 1,624 1,656 1,673 1,608 1,658

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,384 68,353 68,494 65,270 68,513 68,430 68,811 68,817 69,235

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,807 6,793 6,791 5,668 6,440 6,348 6,438 6,662 6,629

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,577 61,560 61,703 59,548 61,993 61,978 62,100 62,113 62,655

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,761 45,167 45,259 43,460 45,314 45,336 45,508 45,527 45,911

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,900 16,034 15,913 15,114 15,870 15,980 16,054 16,117 16,116

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,304 14,864 14,990 14,547 14,938 14,930 14,966 14,995 15,216

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,557 14,269 14,356 13,799 14,506 14,425 14,488 14,415 14,579

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,816 16,393 16,444 16,088 16,679 16,642 16,592 16,587 16,744

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,615 43,533 43,622 43,817 43,695 43,805 43,647 43,533 43,823

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,934 34,400 34,394 34,775 34,910 35,013 34,950 34,891 35,208

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,602 9,635 9,520 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,198 127,156 128,863 119,962 125,803 126,161 126,384 126,201 127,466

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,294 25,127 24,732 23,941 25,078 25,024 25,202 25,610 25,360

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,569 6,987 7,013 6,597 6,817 6,916 7,269 7,109 7,026

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.6

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,279 6,210 6,144 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,278 10,033 10,456 9,143 9,876 9,651 10,002 9,837 10,279

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex

married couples only.

2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,

referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

July

2020

June

2021

July

2021

July

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 16,308 9,484 8,702 10.2 6.0 6.1 5.8 5.9 5.4

16 to 19 years..................................... 1,024 577 569 19.1 13.0 12.3 9.6 9.9 9.6

16 to 17 years.................................. 363 208 211 17.7 12.6 11.3 8.9 9.6 9.7

18 to 19 years.................................. 655 367 352 20.0 13.3 13.0 9.5 10.1 9.4

20 years and over................................ 15,284 8,907 8,132 9.9 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.7 5.2

20 to 24 years.................................. 2,572 1,339 1,331 18.1 10.3 10.5 10.1 9.1 9.1

25 years and over.............................. 12,667 7,525 6,768 9.0 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.4 4.8

25 to 54 years............................... 9,319 5,662 5,077 9.1 5.5 5.5 5.2 5.5 4.9

25 to 34 years............................. 4,097 2,370 2,252 11.3 6.7 6.4 5.8 6.5 6.1

35 to 44 years............................. 2,738 1,816 1,610 8.0 5.1 4.9 5.0 5.3 4.7

45 to 54 years............................. 2,484 1,476 1,215 7.8 4.5 4.9 4.8 4.6 3.8

55 years and over........................... 3,319 1,853 1,649 8.7 4.5 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.4

Men, 16 years and over............................ 8,278 5,144 4,795 9.8 6.2 6.3 6.0 6.0 5.6

16 to 19 years..................................... 590 275 311 22.1 15.4 13.3 10.1 9.5 10.4

16 to 17 years.................................. 225 111 106 23.0 14.0 11.5 8.0 10.5 10.1

18 to 19 years.................................. 356 162 201 21.3 16.1 14.1 11.2 8.8 10.5

20 years and over................................ 7,688 4,869 4,484 9.4 5.8 6.1 5.9 5.9 5.4

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,267 769 778 17.5 10.9 11.5 10.9 10.2 10.4

25 years and over.............................. 6,380 4,069 3,661 8.5 5.2 5.5 5.3 5.4 4.9

25 to 54 years............................... 4,791 3,095 2,778 8.8 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.1

25 to 34 years............................. 2,240 1,372 1,231 11.6 6.7 6.7 6.2 7.0 6.2

35 to 44 years............................. 1,418 937 867 7.8 5.1 4.6 5.2 5.0 4.7

45 to 54 years............................. 1,132 786 680 6.7 4.5 5.2 5.0 4.7 4.1

55 years and over........................... 1,589 974 883 7.9 4.5 5.2 4.6 4.8 4.4

Women, 16 years and over........................ 8,030 4,340 3,906 10.6 5.9 5.8 5.5 5.7 5.2

16 to 19 years..................................... 434 302 258 16.2 10.7 11.2 9.0 10.4 8.7

16 to 17 years.................................. 138 98 105 12.8 11.5 11.1 9.7 8.8 9.3

18 to 19 years.................................. 298 205 151 18.6 10.3 11.8 7.7 11.3 8.3

20 years and over................................ 7,596 4,038 3,648 10.4 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.5 5.0

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,304 570 553 18.7 9.5 9.3 9.2 7.9 7.7

25 years and over.............................. 6,287 3,456 3,107 9.5 5.3 5.2 4.9 5.3 4.7

25 to 54 years............................... 4,529 2,567 2,300 9.4 5.5 5.4 4.9 5.3 4.8

25 to 34 years............................. 1,857 998 1,021 10.9 6.8 6.2 5.4 5.8 6.0

35 to 44 years............................. 1,320 879 743 8.3 5.2 5.3 4.7 5.5 4.7

45 to 54 years............................. 1,352 690 535 8.9 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.6 3.5

55 years and over........................... 1,712 874 749 9.6 4.6 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.3

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 2,870 1,705 1,547 6.1 3.2 3.8 3.5 3.8 3.4

Married women, spouse present1................. 3,279 1,339 1,197 8.6 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.3

Women who maintain families2.................... 1,216 848 886 12.4 8.0 7.3 6.6 8.1 8.5

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 12,880 8,025 7,367 9.7 6.1 6.1 5.8 6.0 5.5

Part-time workers4.................................. 3,436 1,464 1,343 12.6 5.8 5.7 5.1 5.4 5.0

1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to

persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,

but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an

opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2020

June

2021

July

2021

July

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 13,079 5,706 5,135 12,891 6,226 6,387 5,841 5,787 4,960

On temporary layoff.............................. 9,444 1,796 1,455 9,230 2,026 2,114 1,823 1,811 1,239

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 3,635 3,910 3,680 3,662 4,200 4,273 4,019 3,976 3,721

Permanent job losers.......................... 2,862 3,159 2,927 2,843 3,432 3,529 3,234 3,187 2,930

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 773 751 753 818 768 744 785 789 791

Job leavers........................................... 614 919 967 579 777 824 778 942 930

Reentrants............................................ 2,448 2,499 2,447 2,315 2,253 2,072 2,149 2,298 2,287

New entrants......................................... 741 760 672 513 497 625 525 494 463

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 77.5 57.7 55.7 79.1 63.8 64.5 62.9 60.8 57.4

On temporary layoff.............................. 55.9 18.2 15.8 56.6 20.8 21.3 19.6 19.0 14.3

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 21.5 39.6 39.9 22.5 43.1 43.1 43.2 41.8 43.1

Job leavers........................................... 3.6 9.3 10.5 3.6 8.0 8.3 8.4 9.9 10.8

Reentrants............................................ 14.5 25.3 26.5 14.2 23.1 20.9 23.1 24.1 26.5

New entrants......................................... 4.4 7.7 7.3 3.1 5.1 6.3 5.7 5.2 5.4

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 8.1 3.5 3.2 8.1 3.9 4.0 3.6 3.6 3.1

Job leavers........................................... 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

Reentrants............................................ 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4

New entrants......................................... 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2020

June

2021

July

2021

July

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 3,430 2,709 2,534 3,188 2,177 2,414 2,023 1,981 2,257

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 5,556 1,980 2,165 5,175 1,941 1,939 2,126 2,166 1,861

15 weeks and over.................................. 7,896 5,195 4,522 7,971 5,609 5,386 5,013 5,314 4,599

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 6,328 1,276 1,019 6,488 1,391 1,203 1,262 1,329 1,174

27 weeks and over............................... 1,569 3,918 3,503 1,483 4,218 4,183 3,752 3,985 3,425

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 16.1 29.8 28.3 17.3 29.7 28.8 29.9 31.6 29.5

Median duration, in weeks......................... 13.7 17.6 13.9 15.1 19.7 19.8 19.3 19.8 15.2

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 20.3 27.4 27.5 19.5 22.4 24.8 22.1 20.9 25.9

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 32.9 20.0 23.5 31.7 20.0 19.9 23.2 22.9 21.3

15 weeks and over.................................. 46.8 52.6 49.0 48.8 57.7 55.3 54.7 56.2 52.8

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 37.5 12.9 11.1 39.7 14.3 12.4 13.8 14.0 13.5

27 weeks and over............................... 9.3 39.6 38.0 9.1 43.4 43.0 40.9 42.1 39.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the

independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

July

2020

July

2021

July

2020

July

2021

July

2020

July

2021

Total, 16 years and over1

............................................. 144,492 153,596 16,882 9,221 10.5 5.7

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 62,494 64,179 4,400 2,203 6.6 3.3

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 26,928 28,000 1,460 753 5.1 2.6

Professional and related occupations.......................... 35,566 36,180 2,940 1,450 7.6 3.9

Service occupations................................................ 21,929 25,695 4,249 2,053 16.2 7.4

Sales and office occupations...................................... 29,472 29,527 3,384 1,748 10.3 5.6

Sales and related occupations.................................. 14,234 14,378 1,734 916 10.9 6.0

Office and administrative support occupations............... 15,238 15,149 1,650 832 9.8 5.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 13,183 14,549 1,339 957 9.2 6.2

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 983 1,129 78 116 7.3 9.3

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 7,675 8,312 876 660 10.2 7.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,524 5,107 386 180 7.9 3.4

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 17,414 19,646 2,753 1,559 13.7 7.4

Production occupations.......................................... 7,315 8,254 928 490 11.3 5.6

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 10,100 11,392 1,825 1,070 15.3 8.6

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect

the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification

system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly

comparable with earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

July

2020

July

2021

July

2020

July

2021

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 16,882 9,221 10.5 5.7

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 13,460 7,019 10.6 5.5

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 110 68 15.6 8.9

Construction.......................................................................... 870 592 8.9 6.1

Manufacturing........................................................................ 1,306 613 8.6 4.2

Durable goods..................................................................... 796 355 8.4 3.8

Nondurable goods................................................................ 510 259 9.0 4.8

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 1,924 1,216 9.7 6.0

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 1,067 543 13.8 6.8

Information............................................................................ 311 146 12.3 5.6

Financial activities................................................................... 463 295 4.7 3.0

Professional and business services............................................... 1,340 910 7.6 5.1

Education and health services..................................................... 1,920 1,067 8.0 4.4

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 3,456 1,250 25.0 9.0

Other services........................................................................ 691 319 10.6 4.9

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 88 131 5.7 7.6

Government workers................................................................... 1,792 853 8.4 4.1

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 800 546 7.8 4.9

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the

introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from

the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2020

June

2021

July

2021

July

2020

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

May

2021

June

2021

July

2021

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 4.9 3.2 2.8 5.0 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.3 2.9

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 8.1 3.5 3.2 8.1 3.9 4.0 3.6 3.6 3.1

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 10.5 6.1 5.7 10.2 6.0 6.1 5.8 5.9 5.4

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 10.8 6.5 6.0 10.6 6.4 6.4 6.1 6.2 5.7

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 11.6 7.2 6.8 11.3 7.1 7.2 6.9 6.9 6.5

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 16.8 10.1 9.6 16.5 10.7 10.4 10.2 9.8 9.2

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

July

2020

July

2021

July

2020

July

2021

July

2020

July

2021

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 98,998 98,653 40,258 39,776 58,740 58,877

Persons who currently want a job................................ 8,003 6,818 3,728 3,178 4,275 3,639

Marginally attached to the labor force1

........................ 2,027 1,923 1,088 1,040 938 883

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 701 539 426 339 274 200

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,326 1,383 662 701 664 683

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 6,569 7,013 3,353 3,481 3,215 3,532

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.2 4.8 4.9

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 3,702 3,904 2,136 2,093 1,567 1,811

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,495 1,631 485 558 1,010 1,073

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 330 401 206 248 125 153

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 981 1,023 507 550 474 473

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2020

May

2021

June

2021p

July

2021p

July

2020

May

2021

June

2021p

July

2021p

Change

from:

June2021

-

July2021p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,107 145,355 146,603 146,470 139,566 144,940 145,878 146,821 943

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,797 123,406 124,915 125,694 118,010 123,296 124,065 124,768 703

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,130 20,370 20,634 20,724 19,827 20,335 20,380 20,424 44

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599 619 633 642 593 620 631 637 6

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.1 41.8 44.7 45.5 45.2 43.4 44.8 44.6 -0.2

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552.9 577.6 588.1 596.4 548.1 576.1 586.0 592.8 6.8

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135.5 135.4 137.3 139.6 133.7 137.0 137.4 138.1 0.7

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179.5 181.9 183.1 185.9 176.2 180.9 181.3 181.9 0.6

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.8 42.0 41.2 41.2 40.5 42.3 41.6 41.0 -0.6

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.9 42.0 42.7 42.9 41.9 42.0 42.6 42.9 0.3

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.8 97.9 99.2 101.8 93.9 96.6 97.1 98.0 0.9

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237.9 260.3 267.7 270.9 238.2 258.2 267.3 272.8 5.5

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,424 7,476 7,592 7,641 7,197 7,415 7,410 7,421 11

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,640.6 1,683.8 1,714.6 1,736.5 1,599.9 1,684.0 1,690.1 1,695.9 5.8

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829.8 869.6 884.0 899.2 814.2 869.7 874.2 882.5 8.3

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810.8 814.2 830.6 837.3 785.7 814.3 815.9 813.4 -2.5

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 1,083.1 1,084.0 1,098.2 1,097.0 1,029.0 1,058.7 1,045.2 1,043.1 -2.1

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,699.9 4,708.5 4,779.2 4,807.8 4,568.1 4,672.4 4,674.5 4,682.0 7.5

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 2,113.1 2,168.6 2,208.3 2,213.6 2,053.8 2,147.9 2,157.2 2,157.2 0.0

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,586.8 2,539.9 2,570.9 2,594.2 2,514.3 2,524.5 2,517.3 2,524.8 7.5

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,107 12,275 12,409 12,441 12,037 12,300 12,339 12,366 27

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,523 7,628 7,719 7,710 7,502 7,632 7,669 7,689 20

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390.5 399.7 405.6 409.0 387.3 400.8 403.6 405.0 1.4

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401.8 396.8 401.5 403.1 395.0 393.0 394.1 395.9 1.8

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345.6 350.1 354.9 354.9 345.3 350.1 352.0 353.9 1.9

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,370.5 1,401.2 1,416.1 1,416.6 1,362.7 1,399.7 1,405.1 1,409.6 4.5

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,047.0 1,069.1 1,074.6 1,079.4 1,042.0 1,069.1 1,067.6 1,074.4 6.8

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,071.9 1,082.5 1,089.6 1,089.5 1,066.9 1,085.0 1,085.1 1,084.6 -0.5

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 161.7 164.6 165.6 165.7 162.2 164.8 165.1 165.6 0.5

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.9 85.6 86.5 86.3 85.0 85.9 86.2 86.4 0.2

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371.6 370.5 374.7 374.2 368.2 372.1 371.9 371.1 -0.8

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420.0 427.9 428.4 428.8 418.1 428.0 427.7 427.2 -0.5

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.7 33.9 34.4 34.5 33.5 34.2 34.2 34.3 0.1

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 375.8 376.5 382.1 383.6 373.9 377.9 381.5 381.7 0.2

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,579.0 1,576.0 1,604.2 1,581.2 1,591.8 1,579.0 1,595.0 1,593.5 -1.5

Motor vehicles and parts2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875.6 884.2 901.1 879.7 894.7 891.5 894.2 895.0 0.8

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348.5 352.6 361.0 361.9 345.8 353.2 360.8 360.4 -0.4

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592.2 623.9 629.2 630.9 591.4 624.3 624.3 629.8 5.5

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,584 4,647 4,690 4,731 4,535 4,668 4,670 4,677 7

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,623.7 1,615.7 1,635.2 1,664.2 1,597.0 1,636.8 1,633.6 1,637.6 4.0

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.1 96.6 97.9 98.6 91.1 96.3 97.5 97.9 0.4

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.4 107.2 107.0 107.7 101.1 107.1 107.1 106.6 -0.5

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.8 92.6 94.1 92.1 85.3 92.3 92.9 92.2 -0.7

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356.5 350.6 353.4 354.2 353.7 351.1 352.3 351.7 -0.6

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 367.7 373.6 375.2 374.5 367.3 374.8 374.6 374.0 -0.6

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.6 101.9 102.2 103.2 102.8 100.8 100.0 99.6 -0.4

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841.4 853.3 859.6 862.5 838.3 854.1 856.2 858.8 2.6

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708.1 729.9 730.0 731.6 702.5 727.9 725.9 726.2 0.3

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302.1 325.7 335.1 342.3 295.5 326.6 329.5 332.7 3.2

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,667 103,036 104,281 104,970 98,183 102,961 103,685 104,344 659

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,154 27,029 27,305 27,315 26,205 27,205 27,324 27,371 47

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,563.3 5,680.5 5,728.7 5,734.2 5,537.4 5,679.7 5,706.9 5,709.7 2.8

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,050.3 3,117.7 3,143.2 3,146.8 3,038.0 3,120.5 3,133.2 3,135.3 2.1

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,037.9 2,085.9 2,110.3 2,107.3 2,025.7 2,081.7 2,098.2 2,097.8 -0.4

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2020

May

2021

June

2021p

July

2021p

July

2020

May

2021

June

2021p

July

2021p

Change

from:

June2021

-

July2021p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475.1 476.9 475.2 480.1 473.7 477.5 475.5 476.6 1.1

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,748.0 15,164.0 15,325.7 15,343.1 14,742.9 15,272.5 15,345.0 15,339.5 -5.5

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,888.9 1,979.9 1,991.3 1,992.2 1,873.0 1,973.3 1,980.9 1,977.0 -3.9

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,190.1 1,248.3 1,255.1 1,254.3 1,186.3 1,248.3 1,254.5 1,250.9 -3.6

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.5 169.4 172.7 172.3 144.5 162.9 163.2 163.2 0.0

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 545.3 562.2 563.5 565.6 542.1 562.1 563.2 562.9 -0.3

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 394.6 442.9 444.9 442.9 399.5 448.3 448.7 447.9 -0.8

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 392.1 414.3 407.2 409.4 403.4 419.7 418.5 420.8 2.3

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,401.7 1,434.3 1,462.6 1,402.5 1,361.9 1,384.7 1,398.9 1,365.1 -33.8

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,128.9 3,092.3 3,112.7 3,115.2 3,106.5 3,102.3 3,095.7 3,093.7 -2.0

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 924.9 1,005.6 1,001.5 998.7 929.0 1,007.3 1,003.4 1,002.0 -1.4

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932.3 939.2 956.9 970.5 921.7 939.4 944.5 958.9 14.4

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 915.8 991.3 1,016.6 1,050.6 921.0 1,030.9 1,045.0 1,051.0 6.0

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435.6 471.0 479.0 486.0 445.3 484.2 488.9 491.3 2.4

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,008.1 2,975.1 3,011.9 3,014.0 3,062.8 3,060.7 3,084.0 3,083.8 -0.2

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920.5 948.1 962.0 965.1 959.5 989.9 1,002.2 1,002.4 0.2

General merchandise stores, including

warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . 2,087.6 2,027.0 2,049.9 2,048.9 2,103.3 2,070.8 2,081.8 2,081.4 -0.4

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748.3 813.2 830.6 843.2 735.7 806.9 817.4 824.0 6.6

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576.8 604.9 610.5 617.9 583.1 614.8 619.1 624.0 4.9

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,300.6 5,646.3 5,709.2 5,695.8 5,385.2 5,713.2 5,732.8 5,782.5 49.7

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403.9 426.6 436.7 441.4 399.4 425.2 432.8 436.4 3.6

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.9 143.4 143.8 143.8 144.8 143.9 144.4 143.6 -0.8

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.3 60.4 62.0 62.0 58.0 59.7 60.0 59.7 -0.3

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,455.1 1,479.2 1,503.1 1,512.8 1,435.6 1,482.0 1,488.4 1,491.8 3.4

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265.0 403.7 382.4 341.9 328.7 385.9 387.2 406.0 18.8

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.9 49.1 49.3 49.4 50.9 49.1 49.2 49.3 0.1

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 27.0 30.3 38.1 39.3 20.7 27.9 30.2 30.1 -0.1

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 675.3 702.2 711.3 718.6 674.3 704.9 711.2 717.4 6.2

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915.5 956.5 974.0 969.1 960.0 1,020.1 998.3 1,006.4 8.1

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,302.7 1,394.9 1,408.5 1,417.5 1,312.8 1,414.5 1,431.1 1,441.8 10.7

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542.5 538.0 540.9 541.9 539.5 539.3 538.9 538.8 -0.1

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,606 2,706 2,722 2,760 2,592 2,714 2,718 2,742 24

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 750.1 768.2 775.8 780.0 744.6 773.7 772.0 773.9 1.9

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215.9 291.9 296.1 316.2 210.7 288.7 290.7 308.5 17.8

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238.9 239.9 236.3 234.7 239.5 240.6 238.0 236.8 -1.2

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689.7 672.5 669.2 673.5 688.8 676.1 673.1 673.3 0.2

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356.0 361.6 369.7 373.9 355.1 361.7 369.9 371.7 1.8

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355.8 371.9 375.2 381.5 353.3 373.2 374.1 378.1 4.0

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,709 8,784 8,843 8,887 8,646 8,806 8,805 8,827 22

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,499.9 6,520.4 6,540.2 6,553.1 6,480.3 6,539.6 6,534.9 6,539.2 4.3

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 20.6 20.1 20.3 20.7 20.3 20.2 20.3 20.3 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,652.0 2,659.0 2,664.6 2,671.7 2,643.4 2,664.0 2,662.3 2,667.6 5.3

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,774.0 1,731.0 1,734.2 1,733.7 1,765.3 1,731.7 1,727.5 1,726.6 -0.9

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,389.4 1,344.8 1,346.1 1,344.3 1,382.4 1,343.5 1,341.8 1,339.0 -2.8

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 574.6 608.1 611.8 614.4 573.6 609.8 613.2 616.0 2.8

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 303.4 319.9 318.6 323.6 304.5 322.5 321.6 325.0 3.4

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 971.3 985.5 992.7 998.3 964.8 990.3 990.2 990.7 0.5

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,856.0 2,855.8 2,862.6 2,862.4 2,851.8 2,865.1 2,862.1 2,860.6 -1.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,208.7 2,263.1 2,303.0 2,333.5 2,165.2 2,266.5 2,269.8 2,287.6 17.8

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,694.9 1,734.9 1,763.5 1,777.8 1,670.5 1,740.1 1,747.1 1,752.5 5.4

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2020

May

2021

June

2021p

July

2021p

July

2020

May

2021

June

2021p

July

2021p

Change

from:

June2021

-

July2021p

Real estate and rental and leasing -

Continued

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490.8 506.2 516.9 533.1 472.3 504.2 500.5 513.0 12.5

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.0 22.0 22.6 22.6 22.4 22.2 22.2 22.1 -0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,856 20,759 20,943 21,084 19,715 20,778 20,853 20,913 60

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,314.6 9,699.0 9,772.7 9,882.9 9,292.5 9,753.1 9,786.5 9,829.2 42.7

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,117.0 1,128.7 1,144.4 1,147.1 1,108.7 1,131.5 1,135.1 1,138.4 3.3

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 934.4 1,013.0 1,000.8 1,010.3 996.1 1,051.8 1,054.6 1,063.0 8.4

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,510.6 1,551.4 1,575.1 1,593.9 1,481.8 1,553.9 1,556.6 1,561.2 4.6

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129.4 138.6 140.5 143.4 129.5 138.2 139.6 141.7 2.1

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,175.1 2,239.3 2,248.8 2,287.5 2,149.7 2,243.6 2,248.9 2,254.1 5.2

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,508.5 1,605.2 1,616.4 1,635.0 1,501.6 1,609.8 1,615.6 1,623.9 8.3

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764.2 807.9 823.0 831.0 754.4 809.8 816.3 822.0 5.7

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 439.8 440.4 445.2 446.4 437.4 440.7 443.9 443.9 0.0

Other professional and technical services. . . 735.6 774.5 778.5 788.3 733.5 773.8 775.9 781.0 5.1

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,329.9 2,327.3 2,345.4 2,347.3 2,308.4 2,329.1 2,328.8 2,325.4 -3.4

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,211.6 8,733.0 8,825.2 8,853.3 8,114.4 8,696.1 8,738.1 8,758.3 20.2

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 7,766.7 8,286.1 8,372.3 8,397.5 7,677.9 8,249.4 8,290.9 8,310.8 19.9

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 523.1 551.4 553.9 557.2 522.2 550.1 550.2 554.2 4.0

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.7 151.8 148.5 148.6 156.9 151.6 149.3 148.9 -0.4

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,798.0 3,245.3 3,285.2 3,289.8 2,828.4 3,275.6 3,318.3 3,324.7 6.4

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,230.7 2,615.4 2,644.5 2,649.2 2,280.6 2,647.3 2,682.3 2,692.0 9.7

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769.5 775.5 768.6 765.8 780.5 785.8 780.2 776.5 -3.7

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157.4 152.4 155.3 159.3 155.3 151.1 152.6 157.1 4.5

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 883.9 905.2 910.3 906.7 885.4 904.5 910.4 908.3 -2.1

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,191.2 2,204.6 2,243.8 2,261.1 2,061.5 2,131.5 2,128.2 2,129.7 1.5

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286.9 299.9 306.7 309.0 287.7 299.2 301.7 311.4 9.7

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444.9 446.9 452.9 455.8 436.5 446.7 447.2 447.5 0.3

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,590 23,525 23,343 23,308 22,885 23,465 23,525 23,612 87

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,102.6 3,514.9 3,333.9 3,288.9 3,371.6 3,479.3 3,532.1 3,572.1 40.0

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,487.4 20,010.2 20,009.4 20,019.5 19,512.9 19,985.7 19,993.0 20,039.8 46.8

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,703.5 15,948.2 15,974.2 16,011.9 15,686.2 15,959.6 15,953.7 15,990.5 36.8

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,430.9 7,799.8 7,815.9 7,844.8 7,427.0 7,796.5 7,805.8 7,837.7 31.9

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,590.6 2,691.4 2,696.0 2,708.0 2,590.2 2,694.3 2,697.5 2,707.6 10.1

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 936.8 1,011.5 1,017.0 1,018.2 936.8 1,010.0 1,012.0 1,014.7 2.7

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 898.3 976.6 979.5 996.6 896.0 974.9 977.1 994.2 17.1

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 959.7 1,003.2 1,006.0 1,005.6 959.4 1,002.8 1,005.4 1,005.3 -0.1

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 276.3 295.5 294.3 293.6 276.5 295.4 294.1 294.2 0.1

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,467.7 1,505.9 1,505.3 1,504.2 1,467.3 1,503.6 1,502.6 1,503.8 1.2

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301.5 315.7 317.8 318.6 300.8 315.5 317.1 317.9 0.8

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,105.4 5,129.9 5,136.5 5,152.3 5,105.9 5,140.2 5,132.8 5,151.1 18.3

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,167.2 3,018.5 3,021.8 3,014.8 3,153.3 3,022.9 3,015.1 3,001.7 -13.4

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,473.7 1,371.9 1,374.1 1,374.8 1,469.7 1,375.0 1,372.4 1,370.9 -1.5

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 612.9 603.1 602.0 597.9 608.6 603.6 599.5 593.8 -5.7

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 921.8 893.1 895.2 892.4 917.9 893.3 893.9 888.9 -5.0

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 158.8 150.4 150.5 149.7 157.1 151.0 149.3 148.1 -1.2

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,783.9 4,062.0 4,035.2 4,007.6 3,826.7 4,026.1 4,039.3 4,049.3 10.0

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,546.9 2,663.9 2,652.3 2,657.6 2,540.7 2,653.1 2,643.9 2,651.5 7.6

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 184.4 185.7 184.0 184.8 184.4 185.9 184.0 184.8 0.8

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 276.7 282.7 286.5 287.3 273.1 281.1 282.7 283.4 0.7

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775.9 929.7 912.4 877.9 828.4 906.0 928.7 929.6 0.9

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,364 14,625 15,395 15,834 12,824 14,404 14,798 15,178 380

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,865.6 2,029.0 2,287.3 2,398.1 1,626.5 1,973.0 2,045.7 2,098.7 53.0

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 291.8 399.6 424.9 428.8 277.7 377.9 398.9 407.9 9.0

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

July

2020

May

2021

June

2021p

July

2021p

July

2020

May

2021

June

2021p

July

2021p

Change

from:

June2021

-

July2021p

Arts, entertainment, and recreation -

Continued

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137.7 138.2 151.0 157.4 124.6 134.4 138.7 142.5 3.8

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,436.1 1,491.2 1,711.4 1,811.9 1,224.2 1,460.7 1,508.1 1,548.3 40.2

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 11,498.2 12,596.0 13,107.2 13,435.6 11,197.7 12,430.6 12,751.9 13,078.8 326.9

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,452.1 1,579.4 1,760.6 1,864.7 1,355.2 1,579.2 1,666.9 1,740.6 73.7

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 10,046.1 11,016.6 11,346.6 11,570.9 9,842.5 10,851.4 11,085.0 11,338.2 253.2

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,388 5,608 5,730 5,782 5,316 5,589 5,662 5,701 39

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,270.9 1,341.7 1,355.8 1,369.0 1,262.7 1,339.0 1,347.3 1,353.9 6.6

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,269.9 1,374.4 1,405.6 1,419.4 1,257.6 1,361.3 1,390.5 1,405.6 15.1

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,847.2 2,891.7 2,968.1 2,993.2 2,795.8 2,889.0 2,923.9 2,941.0 17.1

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,310 21,949 21,688 20,776 21,556 21,644 21,813 22,053 240

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,919 2,882 2,887 2,898 2,897 2,883 2,870 2,888 18

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,325.7 2,282.1 2,289.0 2,295.8 2,305.3 2,280.4 2,278.5 2,278.1 -0.4

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593.5 599.9 597.8 601.9 591.5 602.5 591.9 610.0 18.1

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,703 5,013 4,812 4,734 5,039 5,018 5,082 5,074 -8

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,998.0 2,343.4 2,135.7 2,074.5 2,350.1 2,346.4 2,417.2 2,427.1 9.9

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,705.0 2,669.5 2,676.4 2,659.8 2,689.1 2,671.1 2,664.7 2,646.9 -17.8

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,688 14,054 13,989 13,144 13,620 13,743 13,861 14,091 230

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,326.5 7,766.0 7,540.3 6,639.1 7,492.3 7,457.0 7,603.5 7,824.2 220.7

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,361.2 6,287.6 6,448.8 6,504.9 6,128.1 6,285.8 6,257.3 6,266.3 9.0

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry July

2020

May

2021

June

2021p

July

2021p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.6 34.8 34.8 34.8

Goods-producing.................................................................... 39.6 40.1 39.9 40.1

Mining and logging................................................................ 44.1 45.2 45.4 45.1

Construction....................................................................... 38.9 39.0 38.6 38.9

Manufacturing..................................................................... 39.8 40.4 40.3 40.5

Durable goods.................................................................. 40.0 40.6 40.4 40.7

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 39.4 40.2 40.1 40.2

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.5 33.8 33.8 33.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.2 34.7 34.6 34.5

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.4 39.1 39.1 39.3

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.7 31.0 30.9 30.8

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.4 39.3 39.1 38.7

Utilities........................................................................... 42.6 42.7 42.7 42.8

Information......................................................................... 36.3 37.3 37.2 37.3

Financial activities................................................................ 37.6 37.6 37.6 37.6

Professional and business services............................................ 36.4 36.7 36.7 36.7

Education and health services.................................................. 33.4 33.3 33.3 33.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 25.5 26.5 26.5 26.6

Other services..................................................................... 32.1 32.3 32.2 32.1

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.2

Durable goods....................................................................... 2.7 3.1 3.0 3.0

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.4

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

July

2020

May

2021

June

2021p

July

2021p

July

2020

May

2021

June

2021p

July

2021p

Total private............................................... $29.37 $30.31 $30.43 $30.54 $1,016.20 $1,054.79 $1,058.96 $1,062.79

Goods-producing....................................... 30.05 30.87 30.96 31.08 1,189.98 1,237.89 1,235.30 1,246.31

Mining and logging.................................. 34.84 34.99 35.14 35.27 1,536.44 1,581.55 1,595.36 1,590.68

Construction.......................................... 31.74 32.75 32.86 32.93 1,234.69 1,277.25 1,268.40 1,280.98

Manufacturing........................................ 28.81 29.54 29.62 29.77 1,146.64 1,193.42 1,193.69 1,205.69

Durable goods.................................... 30.22 31.06 31.15 31.31 1,208.80 1,261.04 1,258.46 1,274.32

Nondurable goods................................ 26.42 27.04 27.09 27.22 1,040.95 1,087.01 1,086.31 1,094.24

Private service-providing.............................. 29.20 30.18 30.31 30.42 978.20 1,020.08 1,024.48 1,025.15

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 25.30 26.16 26.35 26.45 865.26 907.75 911.71 912.53

Wholesale trade.................................. 32.42 33.45 33.49 33.69 1,244.93 1,307.90 1,309.46 1,324.02

Retail trade........................................ 20.99 21.85 21.96 21.92 644.39 677.35 678.56 675.14

Transportation and warehousing............... 25.36 26.15 26.65 26.88 973.82 1,027.70 1,042.02 1,040.26

Utilities............................................. 43.62 44.61 44.58 44.82 1,858.21 1,904.85 1,903.57 1,918.30

Information........................................... 44.09 44.16 44.24 44.25 1,600.47 1,647.17 1,645.73 1,650.53

Financial activities................................... 37.77 40.11 40.21 40.33 1,420.15 1,508.14 1,511.90 1,516.41

Professional and business services.............. 35.13 36.46 36.60 36.80 1,278.73 1,338.08 1,343.22 1,350.56

Education and health services..................... 28.55 29.49 29.64 29.76 953.57 982.02 987.01 991.01

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 16.92 18.06 18.39 18.55 431.46 478.59 487.34 493.43

Other services....................................... 26.72 27.21 27.29 27.34 857.71 878.88 878.74 877.61

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

July

2020

May

2021

June

2021p

July

2021p

Percent

change

from:

June

2021 -

July

2021p

July

2020

May

2021

June

2021p

July

2021p

Percent

change

from:

June

2021 -

July

2021p

Total private..................................... 102.5 107.7 108.4 109.0 0.6 143.9 156.1 157.7 159.1 0.9

Goods-producing............................. 89.5 92.9 92.6 93.3 0.8 121.5 129.6 129.6 131.1 1.2

Mining and logging........................ 82.2 88.1 90.0 90.3 0.3 114.9 123.7 127.0 127.8 0.6

Construction................................ 96.5 99.7 98.6 99.5 0.9 133.1 141.9 140.8 142.4 1.1

Manufacturing.............................. 86.2 89.4 89.5 90.1 0.7 115.5 122.8 123.2 124.7 1.2

Durable goods........................... 84.5 87.2 87.2 88.1 1.0 113.4 120.3 120.7 122.5 1.5

Nondurable goods...................... 89.2 93.7 93.5 93.8 0.3 119.6 128.5 128.5 129.6 0.9

Private service-providing.................... 105.9 112.0 112.8 113.2 0.4 150.3 164.4 166.2 167.4 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 97.8 103.0 103.2 103.0 -0.2 133.4 145.3 146.6 147.0 0.3

Wholesale trade......................... 93.8 98.0 98.4 99.0 0.6 127.2 137.1 137.9 139.5 1.2

Retail trade.............................. 91.9 96.1 96.3 95.9 -0.4 127.5 138.8 139.7 139.0 -0.5

Transportation and warehousing...... 118.8 129.0 128.8 128.6 -0.2 153.3 171.6 174.6 175.8 0.7

Utilities.................................... 99.4 99.6 99.6 99.8 0.2 143.3 146.8 146.6 147.8 0.8

Information................................. 85.9 92.5 92.3 93.4 1.2 134.9 145.4 145.5 147.2 1.2

Financial activities......................... 106.5 108.5 108.5 108.7 0.2 156.9 169.7 170.1 171.1 0.6

Professional and business services..... 112.5 119.6 120.0 120.3 0.3 160.1 176.5 177.8 179.3 0.8

Education and health services........... 124.8 127.6 127.9 128.4 0.4 171.4 181.0 182.4 183.8 0.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 93.3 108.9 111.9 115.2 2.9 127.4 158.7 166.0 172.4 3.9

Other services............................. 98.4 104.1 105.1 105.5 0.4 144.1 155.2 157.2 158.1 0.6

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

July

2020

May

2021

June

2021p

July

2021p

July

2020

May

2021

June

2021p

July

2021p

Total nonfarm............................................. 69,374 72,129 72,594 73,243 49.7 49.8 49.8 49.9

Total private............................................ 56,932 59,665 60,011 60,441 48.2 48.4 48.4 48.4

Goods-producing.................................... 4,464 4,624 4,626 4,623 22.5 22.7 22.7 22.6

Mining and logging............................... 86 84 83 82 14.5 13.5 13.2 12.9

Construction....................................... 954 1,008 1,011 1,014 13.3 13.6 13.6 13.7

Manufacturing..................................... 3,424 3,532 3,532 3,527 28.4 28.7 28.6 28.5

Durable goods.................................. 1,821 1,867 1,868 1,862 24.3 24.5 24.4 24.2

Nondurable goods............................. 1,603 1,665 1,664 1,665 35.3 35.7 35.6 35.6

Private service-providing........................... 52,468 55,041 55,385 55,818 53.4 53.5 53.4 53.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 10,243 10,689 10,756 10,770 39.1 39.3 39.4 39.3

Wholesale trade................................ 1,652.9 1,709.8 1,725.3 1,726.4 29.8 30.1 30.2 30.2

Retail trade..................................... 7,145.4 7,391.6 7,425.0 7,418.1 48.5 48.4 48.4 48.4

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,311.6 1,453.8 1,471.9 1,491.5 24.4 25.4 25.7 25.8

Utilities........................................... 133.0 134.2 134.2 134.2 24.7 24.9 24.9 24.9

Information......................................... 1,029 1,075 1,082 1,086 39.7 39.6 39.8 39.6

Financial activities................................ 4,884 4,949 4,945 4,951 56.5 56.2 56.2 56.1

Professional and business services............ 9,020 9,594 9,597 9,681 45.8 46.2 46.0 46.3

Education and health services.................. 17,679 18,117 18,162 18,249 77.3 77.2 77.2 77.3

Leisure and hospitality........................... 6,797 7,649 7,836 8,041 53.0 53.1 53.0 53.0

Other services..................................... 2,816 2,968 3,007 3,040 53.0 53.1 53.1 53.3

Government............................................. 12,442 12,464 12,583 12,802 57.7 57.6 57.7 58.1

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry July

2020

May

2021

June

2021p

July

2021p

Total private............................................................................... 95,920 100,315 100,913 101,582

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,149 14,463 14,535 14,605

Mining and logging.................................................................. 421 455 465 474

Construction.......................................................................... 5,374 5,482 5,498 5,529

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,354 8,526 8,572 8,602

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,096 5,186 5,229 5,252

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,258 3,340 3,343 3,350

Private service-providing.............................................................. 81,771 85,852 86,378 86,977

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 22,032 22,933 23,009 23,015

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,393.6 4,513.0 4,531.8 4,537.2

Retail trade........................................................................ 12,548.4 12,997.3 13,044.9 13,036.5

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,661.2 4,992.8 5,004.3 5,011.9

Utilities.............................................................................. 428.9 429.4 428.1 429.0

Information............................................................................ 2,058 2,145 2,156 2,182

Financial activities................................................................... 6,586 6,648 6,623 6,638

Professional and business services............................................... 15,764 16,649 16,662 16,736

Education and health services..................................................... 20,049 20,548 20,591 20,654

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 10,963 12,403 12,747 13,105

Other services........................................................................ 4,319 4,526 4,590 4,647

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry July

2020

May

2021

June

2021p

July

2021p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.0 34.3 34.2 34.2

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.3 41.0 40.7 40.9

Mining and logging................................................................ 44.3 46.8 47.1 46.2

Construction....................................................................... 39.3 39.5 39.2 39.4

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.7 41.6 41.4 41.5

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.0 41.6 41.3 41.5

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 40.4 41.5 41.6 41.6

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.9 33.2 33.1 33.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.2 34.5 34.3 34.4

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.1 38.8 38.8 39.1

Retail trade...................................................................... 30.9 31.0 30.8 30.8

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.6 38.9 38.7 38.6

Utilities........................................................................... 42.5 42.6 42.9 42.7

Information......................................................................... 35.9 37.3 36.8 36.6

Financial activities................................................................ 37.1 37.4 37.4 37.4

Professional and business services............................................ 35.9 36.4 36.3 36.4

Education and health services.................................................. 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.7

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.0 25.1 25.1 25.3

Other services..................................................................... 31.2 31.3 31.3 31.2

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.7 4.2 4.0 4.2

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.7 4.2 3.9 4.2

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.7 4.2 4.1 4.1

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

July

2020

May

2021

June

2021p

July

2021p

July

2020

May

2021

June

2021p

July

2021p

Total private............................................... $24.67 $25.60 $25.72 $25.83 $838.78 $878.08 $879.62 $883.39

Goods-producing....................................... 25.48 26.32 26.50 26.59 1,026.84 1,079.12 1,078.55 1,087.53

Mining and logging.................................. 30.54 30.94 31.01 31.25 1,352.92 1,447.99 1,460.57 1,443.75

Construction.......................................... 29.30 30.32 30.51 30.60 1,151.49 1,197.64 1,195.99 1,205.64

Manufacturing........................................ 22.84 23.60 23.78 23.86 929.59 981.76 984.49 990.19

Durable goods.................................... 23.82 24.62 24.83 24.87 976.62 1,024.19 1,025.48 1,032.11

Nondurable goods................................ 21.28 22.00 22.14 22.28 859.71 913.00 921.02 926.85

Private service-providing.............................. 24.50 25.45 25.56 25.68 806.05 844.94 846.04 850.01

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 21.29 22.20 22.34 22.48 728.12 765.90 766.26 773.31

Wholesale trade.................................. 26.86 27.51 27.57 27.81 1,023.37 1,067.39 1,069.72 1,087.37

Retail trade........................................ 17.50 18.42 18.58 18.62 540.75 571.02 572.26 573.50

Transportation and warehousing............... 22.50 23.60 23.75 23.96 868.50 918.04 919.13 924.86

Utilities............................................. 38.62 39.70 39.69 39.78 1,641.35 1,691.22 1,702.70 1,698.61

Information........................................... 36.03 36.83 37.13 37.18 1,293.48 1,373.76 1,366.38 1,360.79

Financial activities................................... 29.17 30.44 30.35 30.50 1,082.21 1,138.46 1,135.09 1,140.70

Professional and business services.............. 29.30 30.40 30.49 30.61 1,051.87 1,106.56 1,106.79 1,114.20

Education and health services..................... 25.37 26.56 26.71 26.89 827.06 865.86 870.75 879.30

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 14.58 15.84 16.24 16.47 349.92 397.58 407.62 416.69

Other services....................................... 22.61 23.13 23.17 23.20 705.43 723.97 725.22 723.84

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

July

2020

May

2021

June

2021p

July

2021p

Percent

change

from:

June

2021 -

July

2021p

July

2020

May

2021

June

2021p

July

2021p

Percent

change

from:

June

2021 -

July

2021p

Total private..................................... 108.7 114.7 115.0 115.8 0.7 179.2 196.2 197.7 199.9 1.1

Goods-producing............................. 87.1 90.6 90.4 91.3 1.0 135.9 146.0 146.7 148.6 1.3

Mining and logging........................ 99.1 113.2 116.4 116.4 0.0 176.0 203.6 209.9 211.5 0.8

Construction................................ 105.7 108.4 107.9 109.1 1.1 167.3 177.5 177.8 180.2 1.3

Manufacturing.............................. 78.1 81.4 81.5 81.9 0.5 116.6 125.7 126.7 127.9 0.9

Durable goods........................... 78.5 81.0 81.1 81.9 1.0 116.7 124.6 125.8 127.1 1.0

Nondurable goods...................... 77.6 81.7 81.9 82.1 0.2 116.6 127.0 128.2 129.3 0.9

Private service-providing.................... 114.6 121.4 121.8 122.7 0.7 192.6 212.0 213.6 216.1 1.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 105.4 110.6 110.4 110.7 0.3 160.3 175.5 176.2 177.9 1.0

Wholesale trade......................... 99.3 103.9 104.4 105.3 0.9 157.5 168.7 169.8 172.8 1.8

Retail trade.............................. 98.1 102.0 101.7 101.6 -0.1 147.1 160.9 161.9 162.1 0.1

Transportation and warehousing...... 136.2 147.0 146.6 146.4 -0.1 195.0 220.8 221.6 223.3 0.8

Utilities.................................... 93.2 93.5 93.9 93.7 -0.2 150.3 155.0 155.6 155.5 -0.1

Information................................. 84.3 91.3 90.6 91.1 0.6 150.4 166.5 166.5 167.8 0.8

Financial activities......................... 115.0 117.0 116.6 116.8 0.2 206.4 219.1 217.7 219.3 0.7

Professional and business services..... 126.5 135.5 135.2 136.2 0.7 220.5 245.0 245.2 247.9 1.1

Education and health services........... 139.4 142.8 143.1 144.0 0.6 233.4 250.4 252.3 255.6 1.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 96.4 114.0 117.2 121.4 3.6 159.6 205.1 216.1 227.2 5.1

Other services............................. 94.5 99.4 100.8 101.7 0.9 155.7 167.4 170.1 171.9 1.1

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.