Technical information:  (202) 691-6378      USDL 02-107
               http://www.bls.gov/cps/
                                            For release:  10:00 A.M. EST
Media contact:                691-5902      Friday, March 1, 2002

                           
                           WORK AT HOME IN 2001


   In May 2001, 19.8 million persons usually did some work at home as part
of their primary job, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department
of Labor reported today.  These workers, who reported working at home at
least once per week, accounted for 15 percent of total employment.
   
   These findings are from a special supplement to the May 2001 Current
Population Survey (CPS).  The CPS is a monthly survey of households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Data on work at home were last collected in the CPS in May 1997; however,
due to changes in the questions asked, much of the data for May 2001 is not
comparable with the May 1997 data.  Additional information about the May
2001 survey, including a discussion of data comparability with the May 1997
survey, is provided in the Technical Note.  Highlights from the 2001 data
include:

  --Half of those who usually worked at home were wage and salary workers
    who took work home from the job on an unpaid basis.  Another 17 percent 
    had a formal arrangement with their employer to be paid for the work they 
    did at home.  The remainder who worked at home--30 percent--were self-
    employed.

  --Wage and salary workers who were expressly paid to work at home worked
    there 18 hours per week on average; those who were just taking work home
    from the job usually worked about 7 hours per week at home.

  --Four-fifths of those who regularly worked at home were employed in
    managerial, professional, and sales jobs.

  --About 8 people in 10 used a computer for the work they did at home,
    and about 6 in 10 made use of Internet or e-mail access.

  --Two-thirds of those who usually work at home reported that they did so
    because they need to "finish or catch up on work" or because it is the
    "nature of the job."

Pay Status

   Of the 13.9 million wage and salary workers who usually did some work
at home in 2001, about 3.4 million had a formal arrangement with their
employer to be paid for the time they put in at home.  Nearly half of these
paid home workers spent 8 hours or more per week working at home, and about
1 in 6 put in 35 hours or more at home.  On average, those expressly paid
for their work time at home logged 18 hours per week at home.  (See tables
3 and 5.)
                                  
   The vast majority of wage and salary workers who do some job-related
work at home on a regular basis do so without a formal arrangement to be
paid for this work.  Of the 10.3 million workers just taking work home from
the job, fewer than 1 in 4 regularly worked 8 hours or more per week at
home.  Workers doing unpaid job-related activity at home averaged about 
7 hours per week.  (See table 4.)

                                  - 2 -

Occupation and Industry

   Regardless of whether or not there was a formal arrangement to be paid
for the work done at home, most home workers were employed in managerial,
professional, and sales occupations.  Among those paid to work at home,
about half worked in managerial and professional specialty jobs, and
another 1 in 5 worked in sales occupations.  (See tables 1 and 3.)
   
   Managers and professionals accounted for a higher proportion (about
three-fourths) of those just taking work home from the job.  Schoolteachers
(excluding college) especially were likely to do unpaid work at home, with
2.7 million--or almost half of all teachers--reporting such activity in 2001.
Another 1.3 million persons who put in time at home without an explicit pay
arrangement worked in sales jobs.  (See table 4.)
   
   From an industry perspective, workers employed in the services
industries (such as business services, educational services, and other
professional services) were among the most likely to usually work at home
in 2001.  Overall, about 1 out of every 5 workers in services usually did
some work at home, similar to the proportions in finance, insurance, and
real estate and wholesale trade.  Among those paid to work at home, almost
half were employed in services (1.6 million); for those doing unpaid work
at home, about three-fifths worked in the services industry (6.3 million).
(See tables 1, 3, and 4.)

Demographics

   Women and men were about equally likely to do some job-related work at
home in 2001.  Whites were more than twice as likely as blacks and Hispanics 
to work at home, reflecting, at least in part, their relatively higher 
concentration in managerial and professional occupations.  The work-at-home 
rate for parents was slightly higher than for persons without children.  
(See tables 1 and 2.)

Use of Electronic Equipment

   Nearly 80 percent of those engaged in some job-related work at home in
2001 used a computer, and the same proportion used a telephone, as part of
their work at home.  About 63 percent of all persons who usually worked at
home made use of the Internet or e-mail to do their work.  In general, those 
who were paid to work at home were more likely to use electronic equipment 
than workers who were just taking work home from the job.  (See table 5.)

Reason for Job-Related Work at Home

   Among wage and salary workers who were just taking work home on an unpaid 
basis, the most common reason for working at home was to "finish or catch up 
on work" (57 percent).  An additional 31 percent reported that they worked at 
home at least once per week because it was the "nature of the job."  For those 
paid to work at home as part of a formal arrangement with their employer, the 
reasons were more varied.  For example, 38 percent reported it was the "nature 
of the job," 23 percent indicated that "business is conducted from home," 
16 percent worked at home to "finish or catch up on work," and 11 percent 
arranged to work at home to "coordinate work schedule with personal or family 
needs."  Almost half of self-employed workers indicated the main reason for 
working at home was because their "business is conducted from home," with an 
additional 24 percent responding that it was the "nature of the job" to work 
at home.  (See table 6.)

                                  - 3 - 

Frequency of Work at Home

   The focus of this report is the 19.8 million persons who reported in
May 2001 that they worked at home at least once per week.  The total number
of persons who reported that they worked at home in the May 2001 survey--
regardless of how often they engaged in home-based work activity--was 
25.0 million (19.0 percent of total nonagricultural employment).  This  
includes, in addition to those who usually worked at home, 2.1 million 
persons who worked at home at least once every 2 weeks, 1.8 million who worked 
at home at least once per month, and 1.0 million who worked at home less than 
once per month.  (See table 7.)
   
   By way of comparison, in May 1997, 22.4 million employed persons did at
least some work at home as part of their primary job (17.8 percent of total
nonagricultural employment).  (See Technical Note for a discussion of data
comparability between the May 1997 and May 2001 surveys.)
Technical Note
   
   These data and other information on work at home were obtained from a
supplement to the May 2001 Current Population Survey (CPS).  The CPS is a
monthly sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S.
Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), principally to
gather information on employment and unemployment for the nation.  (Data
for May 2001 were based on a sample size of 50,000 households.)
Respondents to the May 2001 supplement answered questions about work
schedules, job-related work at home, and other related topics.  The data in
this release pertain to workers who did some job-related work at home.
   
   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request.  Voice phone:  202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone number:  1-800-877-8339.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling 
error.  When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there 
is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population 
values they represent.  The exact difference, or sampling error, varies 
depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured 
by the standard error of the estimate.  There is about a 90-percent chance, 
or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no 
more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of 
sampling error.  BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level 
of confidence.
   
   The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error.  Nonsampling error
can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of
the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the
sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct
information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data.
   
   For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and 
information on estimating standard errors, see the "Explanatory Notes and
Estimates of Error" section of Employment and Earnings.

Concepts

Data discussed in this release on job-related work at home were obtained
from the following questions:

As part of this job, do you do any of your work at home?
     1.  Yes
     2.  No

Do you have a formal arrangement with your employer to be paid for the work
you do at home, or were you just taking work home from the job?
     1.  Paid
     2.  Taking work home

                                  - 2 -

How frequently do you work at home? (Interviewer reads all.)
     1.  At least once a week
     2.  At least once every two weeks
     3.  At least once a month
     4.  Less than once a month

When you work at home, how many hours per week do you work at home for this
job?
     1.  Hours: ___
     2.  It varies

Do you use any of the following (electronic) equipment at home to do your
work? (Interviewer reads all.)
     1.  Computer, including laptop
     2.  E-mail or Internet access
     3.  Fax
     3.  Telephone, cell phone, or pager
     4.  Some other electronic or communication equipment
     
What is the main reason why you work at home? (Interviewer reads all.)
     1.  Finish or catch up on work
     2.  Business is conducted from home
     3.  Nature of the job
     4.  Coordinate work schedule with personal or family needs
     5.  Reduce commuting time or expense
     6.  Local transportation or pollution control program
     7.  Some other reason

Special notes on May 2001 work-at-home data

   This release focuses on persons who worked at home at least once per
week on their primary job (in nonagricultural industries).  This group--
referred to as those who usually worked at home--totaled 19.8 million in 
May 2001 and accounted for about four-fifths of all persons who responded 
that they did job-related work at home.  When persons who worked at home 
less frequently are included (that is, at least once every 2 weeks, once 
per month, or less than once per month), a total of 25.0 million workers 
engaged in work at home to some degree in May 2001.  Unpublished tabulations 
of 2001 data for all workers--not restricted by frequency of work at home--
are available upon request.
   
   There are some notable differences between the data collected in May
2001 and those collected in May 1997 that limit comparability of the 
estimates from the two surveys.  Data on frequency of work at home were not
collected in May 1997.  However, even if the broadest measure of work at
home from the May 2001 data is used, some data cannot be readily compared
with May 1997 estimates due to differences in questionnaire wording.  Most
notably, data on hours worked at home collected in May 2001 are not strictly 
comparable with data from the May 1997 survey.  Wording changes in other 
questions in the May 2001 survey limit comparisons for other characteristics 
of work at home and have the potential to affect comparisons to some degree 
for all of the work-at-home measures.  Moreover, May 1997 work-at-home data 
tabulated by BLS and published in USDL news release 98-93 pertained only to 
those at work during the survey reference week.  This restriction does not 
apply to May 2001 and May 1997 data published in this release, which relate 
to total employed persons (includes those with a job but not at work).  Hence, 
in general, BLS tabulations of work-at-home data for May 2001 and May 1997 
are not strictly comparable.

                                  - 3 -
   
   It also should be noted that questions on several important aspects of
work at home that BLS included in the May 2001 supplement were not asked 
of the full sample because of programming problems in the computerized
questionnaire when the survey was conducted.  For example, several
questions intended to obtain information on home-based businesses and on
whether a person used employer-provided equipment for their work at home
were not asked of most respondents in the survey.  Consequently, data on
these aspects of work at home are not available from the May 2001 survey.

     Table 1.  Job-related work at home on primary job by sex, occupation, industry, race, Hispanic origin, class
     of worker, and pay status, May 2001
     
     (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                   
                                                                   Persons who usually worked at home(2)           
                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                   
                                                                                Percent distribution by class of   
                                                                                           worker(3)               
                                                Total                                                              
                  Characteristic              employed             Percent                                         
                                                 (1)      Total    of total             Wage and salary            
                                                                   employed                                 Self-  
                                                                              Total                       employed 
                                                                                      Paid work   Unpaid     (4)   
                                                                                       at home   work at           
                                                                                                   home            
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
       Total, 16 years and over..............  131,803    19,759     15.0     100.0      17.4      52.0      29.7  
     Men.....................................   69,659    10,291     14.8     100.0      16.0      50.5      32.6  
     Women...................................   62,144     9,468     15.2     100.0      18.9      53.7      26.5  
                                                                                                                   
                    Occupation                                                                                     
                                                                                                                   
     Managerial and professional specialty...   42,442    12,628     29.8     100.0      14.2      62.8      22.4  
       Executive, administrative, and                                                                              
        managerial...........................   20,484     5,262     25.7     100.0      16.7      52.5      30.0  
       Professional specialty................   21,958     7,366     33.5     100.0      12.5      70.1      17.0  
     Technical, sales, and administrative                                                                          
      support................................   38,203     4,669     12.2     100.0      24.7      40.2      33.9  
       Technicians and related support.......    4,392       305      6.9     100.0      36.0      48.4      14.3  
       Sales occupations.....................   15,636     3,133     20.0     100.0      20.3      40.3      38.9  
       Administrative support, including                                                                           
        clerical.............................   18,174     1,231      6.8     100.0      33.4      37.8      25.8  
     Service occupations.....................   18,189       972      5.3     100.0      24.1      18.4      55.1  
     Precision production, craft, and repair.   14,737     1,050      7.1     100.0      15.7      19.4      64.4  
     Operators, fabricators, and laborers....   17,553       381      2.2     100.0      19.4      24.3      49.3  
     Farming, forestry, and fishing..........      678        59      8.7     100.0      (5)       (5)       (5)   
                                                                                                                   
                     Industry                                                                                      
                                                                                                                   
     Mining..................................      590        65     11.1     100.0      (5)       (5)       (5)   
     Construction............................    9,153     1,134     12.4     100.0      11.6      20.5      65.2  
     Manufacturing...........................   19,466     1,806      9.3     100.0      28.7      54.9      15.7  
     Transportation and public utilities.....   10,072       898      8.9     100.0      22.8      49.4      26.0  
     Wholesale trade.........................    5,207     1,009     19.4     100.0      24.4      47.9      25.6  
     Retail trade............................   21,963     1,529      7.0     100.0      12.8      36.4      49.8  
     Finance, insurance, and real estate.....    8,693     1,810     20.8     100.0      18.8      48.2      33.0  
     Services................................   50,374    10,926     21.7     100.0      14.8      57.2      27.1  
     Public administration...................    6,285       581      9.2     100.0      29.6      69.8       -    
                                                                                                                   
             Race and Hispanic origin                                                                              
                                                                                                                   
     White...................................  110,109    17,947     16.3     100.0      17.5      51.6      30.0  
     Black...................................   15,116     1,152      7.6     100.0      14.9      57.9      26.0  
     Hispanic origin.........................   13,946       937      6.7     100.0      20.4      49.2      28.4  

       1 Includes persons who did not provide information on work at home.
       2 Persons who usually work at home are defined as those who work at home at least once per week as part of
     their primary job.
       3 Unpaid family workers and wage and salary workers who did not report pay status are included in total but
     not shown separately.
       4 Includes both the incorporated and unincorporated self-employed.
       5 Data not shown where the base is less than 75,000.
       NOTE: Data refer to employed persons in nonagricultural industries.  Detail for the above race and
     Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
     Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.  Dash represents zero.




     Table 2.  Job-related work at home on primary job by sex, marital status, presence and age of children, and
     pay status, May 2001
     
     (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                   
                                                                   Persons who usually worked at home(2)           
                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                   
                                                                                Percent distribution by class of   
                                                                                           worker(3)               
                                                Total                                                              
                  Characteristic              employed             Percent                                         
                                                 (1)      Total    of total             Wage and salary            
                                                                   employed                                 Self-  
                                                                              Total                       employed
                                                                                      Paid work   Unpaid     (4)   
                                                                                       at home   work at           
                                                                                                   home            
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
     Total, 16 years and over................  131,803    19,759     15.0     100.0      17.4      52.0      29.7  
       Married, spouse present...............   75,248    13,916     18.5     100.0      16.9      51.1      30.9  
       Not married...........................   56,555     5,843     10.3     100.0      18.6      54.2      26.7  
         Never married.......................   35,196     3,086      8.8     100.0      19.8      60.0      19.6  
         Other marital status................   21,358     2,757     12.9     100.0      17.2      47.6      34.7  
                                                                                                                   
       Without own children under 18.........   81,059    11,121     13.7     100.0      15.7      52.3      31.0  
       With own children under 18............   50,744     8,638     17.0     100.0      19.6      51.6      27.9  
         With youngest child 6 to 17.........   29,227     5,058     17.3     100.0      18.0      52.8      28.5  
         With youngest child under 6.........   21,517     3,580     16.6     100.0      21.8      49.9      27.2  
                                                                                                                   
     Men, 16 years and over..................   69,659    10,291     14.8     100.0      16.0      50.5      32.6  
       Married, spouse present...............   42,153     7,616     18.1     100.0      15.5      51.1      32.3  
       Not married...........................   27,506     2,675      9.7     100.0      17.3      48.9      33.2  
         Never married.......................   18,943     1,571      8.3     100.0      19.8      52.9      26.4  
         Other marital status................    8,562     1,104     12.9     100.0      13.7      43.2      42.8  
                                                                                                                   
       Without own children under 18.........   43,625     5,763     13.2     100.0      14.6      48.5      35.8  
       With own children under 18............   26,034     4,527     17.4     100.0      17.7      53.1      28.4  
         With youngest child 6 to 17.........   14,216     2,652     18.7     100.0      16.8      51.0      31.6  
         With youngest child under 6.........   11,818     1,875     15.9     100.0      19.1      56.1      23.9  
                                                                                                                   
     Women, 16 years and over................   62,144     9,468     15.2     100.0      18.9      53.7      26.5  
       Married, spouse present...............   33,095     6,300     19.0     100.0      18.6      51.2      29.1  
       Not married...........................   29,049     3,168     10.9     100.0      19.7      58.6      21.3  
         Never married.......................   16,253     1,516      9.3     100.0      19.7      67.3      12.6  
         Other marital status................   12,796     1,652     12.9     100.0      19.6      50.6      29.3  
                                                                                                                   
       Without own children under 18.........   37,434     5,357     14.3     100.0      16.9      56.5      25.8  
       With own children under 18............   24,710     4,111     16.6     100.0      21.6      50.0      27.4  
         With youngest child 6 to 17.........   15,011     2,406     16.0     100.0      19.3      54.8      25.1  
         With youngest child under 6.........    9,699     1,705     17.6     100.0      24.8      43.1      30.7  

       1 Includes persons who did not provide information on work at home.
       2 Persons who usually work at home are defined as those who work at home at least once per week as part of
     their primary job.
       3 Unpaid family workers and wage and salary workers who did not report pay status are included in total but
     not shown separately.
       4 Includes both the incorporated and unincorporated self-employed.
       NOTE:  Data refer to employed persons in nonagricultural industries.  Children are own children and include
     sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children.  Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and
     other related and unrelated children.



     Table 3.  Hours of paid job-related work at home on primary job among wage and salary workers by selected
     characteristics, May 2001
     
     (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                   
                                                         Percent distribution by hours worked at home(2)           
                                                                                                             Mean  
                                              Paid work                                                     weekly 
                  Characteristic                  at                                    8 hours or more     hours  
                                               home(1)              Hours   Less than                      usually 
                                                          Total      vary    8 hours                       worked 
                                                                                        Total    35 hours  at home  
                                                                                                 or more           
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
       Total, 16 years and over..............    3,436    100.0      27.4      24.5      47.6      15.7      18.0  
     Men.....................................    1,642    100.0      30.9      23.3      45.1      14.8      17.8  
     Women...................................    1,794    100.0      24.2      25.7      49.9      16.5      18.1  
                                                                                                                   
                    Occupation                                                                                     
                                                                                                                   
     Managerial and professional specialty...    1,798    100.0      28.0      24.1      47.4      13.9      17.0  
       Executive, administrative, and                                                                              
        managerial...........................      880    100.0      25.8      24.3      49.3      12.9      16.8  
       Professional specialty................      918    100.0      30.1      23.9      45.6      14.9      17.2  
     Technical, sales, and administrative                                                                          
      support................................    1,155    100.0      27.3      22.1      50.3      16.7      19.1  
       Technicians and related support.......      110    100.0      40.2      24.6      35.3      21.2      21.3  
       Sales occupations.....................      635    100.0      27.8      18.9      53.0      13.0      18.5  
       Administrative support, including                                                                           
        clerical.............................      411    100.0      23.3      26.5      50.3      21.0      19.5  
     Service occupations.....................      234    100.0      25.6      19.6      54.7      33.1      26.9  
     Precision production, craft, and repair.      165    100.0      29.1      47.2      22.1       2.7       7.8  
     Operators, fabricators, and laborers....       74    100.0      (3)       (3)       (3)       (3)       (3)   
     Farming, forestry, and fishing..........       10    100.0      (3)       (3)       (3)       (3)       (3)   
                                                                                                                   
                     Industry                                                                                      
                                                                                                                   
     Mining..................................        9    100.0      (3)       (3)       (3)       (3)       (3)   
     Construction............................      131    100.0      31.8      36.5      31.7       5.1      13.2  
     Manufacturing...........................      518    100.0      27.0      21.5      51.2      12.5      16.7  
     Transportation and public utilities.....      205    100.0      14.1      29.7      54.8      25.3      19.1  
     Wholesale trade.........................      247    100.0      28.1      15.0      56.0      12.9      17.8  
     Retail trade............................      196    100.0      23.7      32.5      43.9      10.3      14.2  
     Finance, insurance, and real estate.....      340    100.0      30.7      24.0      45.3       9.5      15.1  
     Services................................    1,618    100.0      28.0      24.3      47.5      19.0      19.9  
     Public administration...................      172    100.0      33.7      27.1      37.7      12.8      15.7  
                                                                                                                   
             Race and Hispanic origin                                                                              
                                                                                                                   
     White...................................    3,138    100.0      27.2      24.4      48.0      15.0      17.7  
     Black...................................      172    100.0      29.7      22.1      48.1      28.9      23.2  
     Hispanic origin.........................      191    100.0      32.3      15.9      51.8      27.6      23.2  

       1 Includes persons who worked at home at least once per week but did not report the number of hours usually
     worked.
       2 Persons who did not report the number of hours worked are included in total but not shown separately.
       3 Data not shown where the base is less than 75,000.
       NOTE:  Data refer to employed persons in nonagricultural industries who reported that they usually work at
     home at least once per week as part of their primary job and exclude the incorporated and unincorporated
     self-employed.  Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for
     the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
     groups.



     Table 4.  Hours of unpaid job-related work at home on primary job among wage and salary workers by selected
     characteristics, May 2001
     
     (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                   
                                                         Percent distribution by hours worked at home(2)           
                                                                                                             Mean  
                                                Unpaid                                                      weekly 
                  Characteristic               work at                                  8 hours or more     hours  
                                               home(1)              Hours   Less than                      usually 
                                                          Total      vary    8 hours                        worked 
                                                                                        Total    35 hours  at home  
                                                                                                 or more           
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
       Total, 16 years and over..............   10,278    100.0      29.2      47.4      22.6       1.0       6.8  
     Men.....................................    5,197    100.0      30.0      47.7      21.7        .8       6.7  
     Women...................................    5,081    100.0      28.4      47.1      23.7       1.3       7.0  
                                                                                                                   
                    Occupation                                                                                     
                                                                                                                   
     Managerial and professional specialty...    7,924    100.0      28.1      47.0      24.1        .9       6.9  
       Executive, administrative, and                                                                              
        managerial...........................    2,762    100.0      27.6      53.5      18.4       1.0       6.2  
       Professional specialty................    5,163    100.0      28.4      43.5      27.2        .8       7.3  
     Technical, sales, and administrative                                                                          
      support................................    1,876    100.0      33.2      46.3      19.5       1.4       6.8  
       Technicians and related support.......      147    100.0      38.1      40.0      18.5       2.5       6.9  
       Sales occupations.....................    1,263    100.0      35.4      41.6      22.2       1.1       7.2  
       Administrative support, including                                                                           
        clerical.............................      465    100.0      25.5      61.2      12.4       2.0       5.7  
     Service occupations.....................      179    100.0      24.5      60.1      15.4       4.7       6.1  
     Precision production, craft, and repair.      203    100.0      33.3      58.7       8.1        .9       4.7  
     Operators, fabricators, and laborers....       92    100.0      35.1      58.1       6.8       -         4.5  
     Farming, forestry, and fishing..........        4    100.0      (3)       (3)       (3)       (3)       (3)   
                                                                                                                   
                     Industry                                                                                      
                                                                                                                   
     Mining..................................       39    100.0      (3)       (3)       (3)       (3)       (3)   
     Construction............................      232    100.0      37.5      49.4      13.2       1.3       5.4  
     Manufacturing...........................      991    100.0      29.3      51.2      18.2       1.2       6.3  
     Transportation and public utilities.....      444    100.0      26.0      55.7      18.3        .5       5.6  
     Wholesale trade.........................      483    100.0      29.0      49.7      21.3        .8       6.9  
     Retail trade............................      557    100.0      30.7      49.4      19.8       1.4       6.4  
     Finance, insurance, and real estate.....      872    100.0      34.2      47.4      17.5        .9       6.5  
     Services................................    6,255    100.0      28.7      45.2      25.2       1.1       7.2  
     Public administration...................      405    100.0      22.3      58.6      19.1       -         5.6  
                                                                                                                   
             Race and Hispanic origin                                                                              
                                                                                                                   
     White...................................    9,260    100.0      29.1      47.5      22.7       1.1       6.9  
     Black...................................      667    100.0      34.0      44.2      20.9        .8       6.3  
     Hispanic origin.........................      461    100.0      34.4      46.8      17.6        .6       6.0  

       1 Includes persons who worked at home at least once per week but did not report the number of hours usually
     worked.
       2 Persons who did not report the number of hours worked are included in total but not shown separately.
       3 Data not shown where the base is less than 75,000.
       NOTE:  Data refer to employed persons in nonagricultural industries who reported that they usually work at
     home at least once per week as part of their primary job and exclude the incorporated and unincorporated
     self-employed.  Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for
     the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
     groups.  Dash represents zero.




     Table 5.  Job-related work at home on primary job by usage of electronic equipment at home, sex,
     class of worker, and pay status, May 2001
     
     (In thousands)
                                                                                                         
                                                           Workers using electronic equipment for work   
                                              Worked at                                                  
                  Characteristic               home(1)                                                   
                                                         Computer  Internet    Fax    Telephone    Other  
                                                                  or e-mail                              
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
       Total, 16 years and over..............   19,759    15,282    12,360     7,829    15,333     1,266 
     Men.....................................   10,291     8,215     6,953     4,647     8,634       765 
     Women...................................    9,468     7,067     5,407     3,182     6,699       501 
                                                                                                         
        Class of worker and pay status(2)                                                                
                                                                                                         
     Wage and salary workers(3)..............   13,856    11,059     8,872     4,668    10,246       864 
       Paid work at home.....................    3,436     2,795     2,422     1,813     2,865       312 
       Unpaid work at home...................   10,278     8,180     6,382     2,802     7,270       542 
     Self-employed(4)........................    5,860     4,193     3,474     3,140     5,061       402 

       1 Persons who worked at home at least once per week.
       2 Excludes unpaid family workers, not shown separately.
       3 Includes persons who worked at home but did not report pay status.
       4 Includes both the incorporated and unincorporated self-employed.
       NOTE:  Data refer to employed persons in nonagricultural industries who reported that they usually
     work at home at least once per week as part of their primary job.  The number of workers using
     electronic equipment at home exceeds the total number who worked at home because many of these
     workers used more than one type of equipment.  "Other" electronic equipment includes scanners and
     other types of computer-related peripheral equipment.



     Table 6.  Job-related work at home on primary job by reason for working at home, sex, class of worker, and pay status, 
     May 2001
     
     (In thousands)
 
                                                                              Reason for working at home                     
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                       Coordi-             Local            
                  Characteristic              Worked at            Business           nate work   Reduce  transpor-          
                                               home(1)  Finish or     is    Nature of  schedule commuting tation or    Some  
                                                         catch up conducted  the job     with    time or  pollution   other  
                                                         on work  from home            personal  expense   control    reason 
                                                                                      or family            program           
                                                                                        needs                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
       Total, 16 years and over..............   19,759     7,375     3,770     5,937     1,076       269         4     1,224 
     Men.....................................   10,291     3,936     2,054     3,091       339       157         4       638 
     Women...................................    9,468     3,439     1,716     2,846       737       112      -          587 
                                                                                                                             
        Class of worker and pay status(2)                                                                                    
                                                                                                                             
     Wage and salary workers(3)..............   13,856     6,431     1,115     4,508       706       226         4       795 
       Paid work at home.....................    3,436       548       786     1,291       379       138         4       275 
       Unpaid work at home...................   10,278     5,855       300     3,165       317        88      -          508 
     Self-employed(4)........................    5,860       943     2,623     1,422       370        43      -          426 

       1 Persons who worked at home at least once per week.  This total includes persons who did not report a reason for
     working at home.
       2 Excludes unpaid family workers, not shown separately.
       3 Includes persons who worked at home but did not report pay status.
       4 Includes both the incorporated and unincorporated self-employed.
       NOTE:  Data refer to employed persons in nonagricultural industries who reported that they usually work at home at
     least once per week as part of their primary job.  Dash represents zero.





     Table 7.  Job-related work at home on primary job by sex, occupation, industry, race,
     Hispanic origin, and frequency of work at home, May 2001
     
     (In thousands)
                                                                                               
                                                        Worked at Worked at Worked at          
                                              Total who  home at   home at   home at  Worked at
                  Characteristic              worked at   least     least     least   home less
                                               home(1)   once per    once    once per than once
                                                         week(2)   every 2    month   per month
                                                                    weeks                      
                                                                                                                                                                                              
       Total, 16 years and over..............   25,000    19,759     2,072     1,770       994 
     Men.....................................   12,879    10,291     1,069       849       457 
     Women...................................   12,121     9,468     1,003       921       538 
                                                                                               
                    Occupation                                                                 
                                                                                               
     Managerial and professional specialty...   15,869    12,628     1,339     1,095       557 
       Executive, administrative, and                                                          
        managerial...........................    6,964     5,262       706       561       299 
       Professional specialty................    8,905     7,366       632       534       258 
     Technical, sales, and administrative                                                      
      support................................    6,065     4,669       526       473       312 
       Technicians and related support.......      527       305        74        78        65 
       Sales occupations.....................    3,656     3,133       231       155        88 
       Administrative support, including                                                       
        clerical.............................    1,882     1,231       221       239       160 
     Service occupations.....................    1,189       972        66        72        36 
     Precision production, craft, and repair.    1,327     1,050       103        96        58 
     Operators, fabricators, and laborers....      477       381        34        34        21 
     Farming, forestry, and fishing..........       73        59         3         1        10 
                                                                                               
                     Industry                                                                  
                                                                                               
     Mining..................................       93        65        16         8         4 
     Construction............................    1,418     1,134       108        94        63 
     Manufacturing...........................    2,461     1,806       255       221       139 
     Transportation and public utilities.....    1,210       898       134       105        57 
     Wholesale trade.........................    1,224     1,009       129        36        41 
     Retail trade............................    1,949     1,529       146       155        80 
     Finance, insurance, and real estate.....    2,391     1,810       245       199        89 
     Services................................   13,283    10,926       927       776       444 
     Public administration...................      971       581       112       176        79 
                                                                                               
             Race and Hispanic origin                                                          
                                                                                               
     White...................................   22,525    17,947     1,849     1,563       827 
     Black...................................    1,572     1,152       158       127        99 
     Hispanic origin.........................    1,195       937       108        85        45 

       1 Includes persons who did not report frequency of work at home.
       2 Persons who usually work at home--that is, persons who worked at home at least once per
     week--are the focus of this report.
       NOTE:  Data refer to employed persons in nonagricultural industries who reported that
     they usually work at home as part of their primary job.  Detail for the above race and
     Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are
     not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.