U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – APRIL 2020 

U.S. import prices declined 2.6 percent in April, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, 

following a 2.4-percent decrease in March. Both monthly declines were led by falling fuel prices. Prices for 

U.S. exports fell 3.3 percent in April, after decreasing 1.7 percent the previous month. 

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: April 2019 – April 2020

Imports 

U.S. import prices fell 2.6 percent in April, the largest monthly drop since the index declined 3.2 percent in 

January 2015. The April decrease followed a 2.4-percent drop in March and a 0.7-percent decline in 

February. Prices for U.S. imports also fell on a 12-month basis, decreasing 6.8 percent for the year ended in 

April. The decrease was the largest 12-month drop since the index declined 8.3 percent from December 

2014 to December 2015. (See table 1.) 

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on April 2020 Import and Export Price Index Data

The Bureau of Labor Statistics did not make any changes to either the collection method or estimation 

methodology for the April release of U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes. Survey response rates for April 

were 6.5 percentage points lower than those in April 2019. A small number of indexes that are normally 

published were not published in April. Additional information is available at www.bls.gov/bls/importexport-price-indexes-covid19-impacts-april-2020.htm. 

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Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, May 14, 2020 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

USDL-20-0921
2

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices declined 31.5 percent in April, after decreasing 26.0 percent in March. 

The April decline was the largest 1-month drop since the index was first published monthly in September 

1992. The decline in fuel prices was led by a 33.0-percent drop in the price index for import petroleum; 

natural gas prices also fell in April, decreasing 3.3 percent. Prices for import fuel declined 56.6 percent from 

April 2019 to April 2020, the largest 12-month drop since the index was first published in December 1984. 

Petroleum prices declined 58.5 percent over the past year, and more than offset a 5.9-percent advance in 

natural gas prices. 

 

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for imports excluding fuel fell 0.5 percent in April following no 

change the previous month. In April, the drop was driven by lower prices for industrial supplies and 

materials; foods, feeds, and beverages; and consumer goods, which more than offset rising prices for 

automotive vehicles and capital goods. Nonfuel import prices declined 1.0 percent over the past 12 months. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices declined 3.2 

percent in April, after rising 0.2 percent in March. The April decrease was led by lower prices for unfinished 

metals, selected building materials, and chemicals. 

 

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mixed in April. Automotive vehicles prices rose 0.4 percent, 

driven by higher prices for passenger cars. Prices for capital goods ticked up 0.1 percent and have not 

declined since November. Despite the recent advances, prices for import capital goods fell 0.7 percent over 

the past 12 months. In contrast, the price index for consumer goods declined 0.2 percent in April. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Prices for foods, feeds, and beverages fell 1.3 percent in April, after declining 

1.0 percent the previous month. The April drop was led by lower prices for fruit, meat, and food oils. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories 
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent change in the Export Price Index: April 2019 – April 2020 

Exports 

The price index for U.S. exports decreased 3.3 percent in April following declines of 1.7 percent in March 

and 1.2 percent in February. The April drop was the largest 1-month decrease in export prices since the 

index was first published on a monthly basis in December 1988. Declining prices for both nonagricultural 

exports and agricultural exports contributed to the April decrease. Prices for U.S. exports fell 7.0 percent 

from April 2019 to April 2020, the largest over-the-year decline since a 7.3-percent drop for the year ended 

September 2015. (See table 2.) 

Agricultural Exports: Prices for agricultural exports fell 3.1 percent in April, after decreasing 1.5 percent 

in March and 2.8 percent in February. The April drop was the largest decline since the index fell 5.2 percent 

in July 2018. Lower prices for corn, meat, cotton, fruit, soybeans, and nuts all contributed to the overall 

decline in April. The price index for agricultural exports decreased 4.1 percent over the past year, driven by 

falling prices for cotton, vegetables, corn, and meat. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Nonagricultural export prices decreased 3.3 percent in April 

following a 1.7-percent decline in March and a 1.1-percent drop in February. The April decrease was the 

largest decline since the index was first published on a monthly basis in December 1988. In April, the drop 

was driven by lower nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices; lower consumer goods prices 

also contributed to the decline. The price index for nonagricultural exports decreased 7.3 percent over the 

past 12 months, the largest over-the-year drop since the index was first published in March 1985. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 

materials declined 10.0 percent in April, after a 4.8-percent drop in March. The April decrease was led by a 

28.2-percent drop in fuel prices and was the largest decline in nonagricultural industrial supplies and 

materials prices since the index was first published monthly in September 1992. 

Finished Goods: Prices for finished goods were down overall in April. Consumer goods prices declined 0.3 

percent following a 0.6-percent drop in March. The April decline was driven by lower prices for medicinal, 

dental, and pharmaceutical materials. The price indexes for capital goods and automotive vehicles were 

unchanged in April. 

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Apr'19 May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr'20

1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality 

Imports by Locality of Origin: Prices for imports from China ticked up 0.1 percent in April, the first 

monthly advance since the index rose 0.2 percent in December 2019. The price index for imports from 

China declined 1.1 percent for the year ended in April, the smallest over-the-year decrease since the index 

declined 1.0 percent from March 2018 to March 2019. In contrast, import prices from Japan decreased 0.2 

percent in April, the largest drop since the index fell 0.3 percent in October 2017. Prices for imports from 

Japan edged down 0.1 percent over the past year. Driven by lower petroleum prices, the price index for 

imports from Canada decreased 10.2 percent, the largest decline since the index was first published on a 

monthly basis in September 1992. Import prices from Canada fell 23.5 percent for the year ended in April. 

Prices for imports from the European Union decreased 0.7 percent in April and prices for imports from 

Mexico declined 0.4 percent. (See table 7.) 

Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China fell 2.1 percent in April, after decreasing 2.7 

percent in March and 1.0 percent in February. Prices for exports to China declined 8.2 percent over the past 

12 months, the largest over-the-year drop since the index was first published in December 2017. The price 

index for exports to Japan declined 3.9 percent in April following a 3.4-percent drop in March. Those were 

the 2 largest monthly decreases since the index was first published in December 2017. Export prices to 

Canada fell 2.6 percent in April, after a 2.5-percent drop the previous month. Those were the largest 

decreases since the index declined 2.9 percent in January 2019. Prices for exports to the European Union 

fell 2.4 percent in April and the price index for exports to Mexico decreased 5.2 percent. (See table 8.) 

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 

the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The index for U.S. terms of trade with 

China fell 2.2 percent in April following a 2.7-percent drop the previous month. The drop in April resulted 

from both a decrease in export prices to China and an increase in import prices from China. The U.S. terms 

of trade with Japan declined 3.6 percent in April, after a 3.4-percent drop in March. The indexes for U.S. 

terms of trade with the European Union and Mexico also fell in April, decreasing 1.7 percent and 4.8 

percent, respectively. In contrast, the U.S. terms of trade with Canada increased 8.5 percent in April, and 

advanced 22.0 percent over the past year. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services 

Imports: Import air passenger fares fell 12.3 percent in April, after declining 9.8 percent the previous 

month. The April decrease was the largest drop since the index was first published monthly in December 

2000. The decline in April was driven by a 26.0-percent decrease in European fares. Import air passenger 

fares fell 16.2 percent for the year ended in April, the largest over-the-year drop since the index decreased 

19.5 percent from August 2008 to August 2009. Import air freight prices rose 38.5 percent in April, the 

largest advance since the index was first published monthly in December 2005. The price index for import 

air freight increased 40.4 percent over the past 12 months. (See table 10.) 

Exports: Export air passenger fares fell 7.9 percent in April following decreases of 4.2 percent in March 

and 9.3 percent in February. The index for export air passenger fares declined 14.1 percent over the past 

year, the largest 12-month drop since the index fell 14.6 percent for the year ended December 2015. The 

price index for export air freight declined 2.6 percent in April and 3.3 percent over the past 12 months, the 

largest over-the-year decrease since the index fell 6.0 percent for the year ended January 2010. 

 

Import and Export Price Index data for May are scheduled for release on Friday, June 12, 2020 at 8:30 a.m. 

(EDT). 
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2019 to April

2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Mar.

20201

Index Percent change

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2019 to

Apr.

2020

Dec.

2019 to

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

All commodities................................... 100.000 121.3 118.2 -6.8 0.2 -0.7 -2.4 -2.6

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 86.848 99.1 98.7 -0.8 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.4

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 93.523 112.1 111.5 -1.1 0.1 0.2 -0.2 -0.5

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 93.173 116.2 115.6 -1.0 0.3 0.2 0.0 -0.5

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 6.325 178.9 176.5 -4.1 0.5 1.2 -1.0 -1.3

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 4.877 193.5 190.4 -6.0 0.1 1.1 -1.0 -1.6

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.448 146.8 145.9 2.7 1.8 1.5 -0.9 -0.6

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 21.067 163.5 143.4 -26.4 0.1 -3.3 -10.1 -12.3

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 14.799 155.0 150.1 -3.2 -0.3 0.3 -0.3 -3.2

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 14.258 176.1 170.5 -3.6 0.2 0.9 0.2 -3.2

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 9.048 171.2 164.0 -2.1 0.7 1.6 0.6 -4.2

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 5.543 134.7 132.6 -5.1 -1.9 -1.6 -1.8 -1.6

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 6.827 142.7 97.8 -56.6 -0.1 -9.1 -26.0 -31.5

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 6.477 152.5 102.1 -58.5 0.4 -8.9 -26.5 -33.0

Crude........................................ 10000 3.953 138.8 86.7 -66.6 -0.3 -10.8 -33.1 -37.5

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.350 93.5 90.9 0.4 -10.5 -12.3 -13.4 -2.8

Gas-natural.................................. 10110 0.288 81.8 79.1 5.9 -12.8 -14.0 -15.7 -3.3

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.514 108.9 107.5 -13.0 -1.2 -0.7 -0.5 -1.3

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 4.679 153.5 151.2 -5.2 -0.6 -0.2 -0.5 -1.5

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.602 148.4 141.5 -1.2 -0.1 1.7 1.9 -4.6

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 3.794 248.3 228.6 -3.2 2.1 3.5 1.2 -7.9

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 1.813 155.5 155.7 -2.0 0.1 -0.7 -0.7 0.1

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.839 112.5 112.3 -0.8 -0.4 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2

Capital goods................................... 2 29.261 87.8 87.9 -0.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.722 120.9 120.9 1.7 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 23.122 79.7 79.8 -1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 2.417 135.1 135.3 -0.4 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 16.057 110.4 110.8 0.9 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.4

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 27.289 106.5 106.3 -0.6 0.0 0.0 -0.3 -0.2

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 13.474 123.9 123.9 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 12.575 90.8 91.1 -0.5 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 0.3

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 – 111.3 – – 0.1 0.0 -4.5 –

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2019 to April

2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Mar.

20201

Index Percent change

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2019 to

Apr.

2020

Dec.

2019 to

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

All commodities................................... 100.000 122.2 118.2 -7.0 0.6 -1.2 -1.7 -3.3

Agricultural commodities....................... 9.438 176.3 170.8 -4.1 2.0 -2.8 -1.5 -3.1

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 82.087 101.7 101.1 -0.7 0.4 0.3 0.0 -0.6

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 90.562 118.1 114.2 -7.3 0.6 -1.1 -1.7 -3.3

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 8.753 180.4 175.0 -3.2 2.3 -2.9 -1.6 -3.0

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 8.194 178.8 173.0 -3.2 2.3 -3.1 -1.4 -3.2

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.560 212.0 213.7 -2.0 2.1 -0.4 -3.9 0.8

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 31.119 140.4 126.8 -20.5 0.9 -3.3 -4.7 -9.7

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.868 170.6 167.4 0.5 1.3 1.7 -0.6 -1.9

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 20.251 127.8 110.1 -29.6 0.6 -5.7 -6.8 -13.8

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.214 166.5 162.4 -9.4 0.3 -1.0 -2.1 -2.5

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 29.904 139.5 125.6 -20.9 0.9 -3.4 -4.8 -10.0

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 9.160 134.9 96.8 -50.4 1.1 -10.7 -13.6 -28.2

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 19.799 157.4 154.2 -2.7 0.7 0.8 -0.4 -2.0

Selected building materials.................. 13 0.945 117.8 117.8 -4.1 -0.6 0.0 1.5 0.0

Capital goods................................... 2 37.500 111.6 111.6 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.0

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.880 120.0 120.0 1.7 0.7 1.6 0.0 0.0

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 24.393 95.3 95.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 -0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 9.227 184.3 184.6 1.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 10.046 114.4 114.4 -0.4 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 12.582 109.8 109.5 -0.7 0.1 0.1 -0.6 -0.3

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 6.083 108.0 107.5 -0.4 0.1 0.0 -0.3 -0.5

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 5.079 107.7 107.7 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.0

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec.

2018=100)................................... 42 – 93.4 – – -0.1 -0.2 -5.4 –

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: April 2019 to April 2020

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Mar.

20201

Index Percent change

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2019 to

Apr.

2020

Dec.

2019 to

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Nonmanufacturing................................ 6.436 78.4 58.9 -52.3 -0.4 -7.9 -24.7 -24.9

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 1.908 174.9 169.9 -11.0 1.0 1.5 -1.8 -2.9

Crop production............................... 111 1.551 185.2 179.8 -12.5 0.1 2.9 -1.1 -2.9

Mining............................................ 21 4.527 65.6 43.3 -62.9 -0.7 -10.3 -31.5 -34.0

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 4.267 63.9 40.8 -65.0 -0.7 -10.9 -32.5 -36.2

Manufacturing..................................... 93.257 110.4 109.2 -2.0 0.2 0.1 -0.5 -1.1

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.657 125.5 125.1 -0.2 0.1 0.2 -0.2 -0.3

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 3.605 154.4 152.4 -2.5 0.1 0.0 -0.6 -1.3

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.207 129.3 129.3 4.5 0.4 2.1 0.2 0.0

Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)............... 313 0.375 97.8 97.0 -3.5 -0.1 -0.7 -0.7 -0.8

Textile product mills.......................... 314 0.958 107.0 106.8 -1.7 -0.6 0.2 0.2 -0.2

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.827 112.5 112.8 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.685 124.2 124.2 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 18.407 122.1 116.8 -7.7 0.2 -0.6 -1.9 -4.3

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2019=100)................................... 321 0.870 106.6 97.6 – -0.3 3.1 3.7 -8.4

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.014 107.2 105.8 -8.5 -0.6 -0.3 0.0 -1.3

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 2.308 83.8 61.3 -39.5 2.4 -4.5 -13.3 -26.8

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 10.481 137.6 136.4 -2.2 -0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.9

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.430 118.6 118.7 -0.4 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 0.1

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 1.105 131.2 131.3 0.1 0.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.1

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 63.192 103.6 103.3 -0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 -0.3

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.319 163.0 152.6 -3.5 1.9 2.7 0.9 -6.4

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.295 125.9 126.3 -0.2 -0.4 0.0 -0.2 0.3

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 7.929 119.3 119.4 0.6 0.5 0.1 -0.1 0.1

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 17.455 71.8 72.1 -1.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 5.630 117.6 117.5 0.3 0.1 -0.1 0.2 -0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 17.120 109.5 109.8 0.6 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.3

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 1.944 115.3 115.2 -2.0 0.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.500 117.3 115.4 -2.5 -0.3 0.2 -1.4 -1.6

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: April 2019 to April 2020

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Mar.

20201

Index Percent change

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2019 to

Apr.

2020

Dec.

2019 to

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Nonmanufacturing................................ 8.410 104.3 92.5 -32.4 0.2 -7.1 -12.9 -11.3

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 4.669 148.5 141.5 -6.4 3.5 -4.1 -1.5 -4.7

Crop production............................... 111 4.318 155.7 147.6 -6.5 3.8 -4.0 -1.6 -5.2

Mining............................................ 21 3.742 52.8 42.5 -53.2 -2.5 -9.7 -24.0 -19.5

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.209 96.1 95.0 -19.4 -4.5 -0.4 -1.0 -1.1

Manufacturing..................................... 90.298 115.7 112.8 -3.9 0.7 -0.6 -0.4 -2.5

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.809 139.5 138.0 -1.8 0.9 -1.1 -1.3 -1.1

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.658 157.0 154.1 -2.2 0.9 -1.7 -1.8 -1.8

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.650 121.9 124.3 0.5 1.0 0.2 -0.7 2.0

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 24.203 109.2 99.5 -15.2 1.0 -2.9 -1.0 -8.9

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.469 94.4 97.0 -3.4 -0.9 -0.2 1.8 2.8

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.511 117.5 117.9 -7.6 -1.2 -0.3 -0.3 0.3

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 5.384 93.3 61.4 -47.3 4.5 -11.5 -4.2 -34.2

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 13.393 116.4 113.8 -4.7 0.1 -0.1 -0.5 -2.2

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.359 117.2 116.6 0.3 -0.1 0.3 0.1 -0.5

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.881 122.7 122.0 3.6 0.1 0.2 5.2 -0.6

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 59.287 116.2 116.0 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.0 -0.2

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.388 160.6 158.4 7.2 2.4 3.5 -0.6 -1.4

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.134 150.1 149.7 2.1 0.7 0.1 -0.1 -0.3

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 10.031 130.8 130.7 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.2 -0.1

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 14.084 82.5 82.5 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.0

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.861 118.0 118.0 -0.2 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.0

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 17.971 129.7 129.9 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2

Furniture and related product

manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100).......... 337 0.408 124.8 124.8 1.9 0.0 1.0 0.9 0.0

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.410 118.6 118.2 -1.6 0.0 0.2 -1.2 -0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2019 to April

2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Mar.

20201

Index Percent change

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2019 to

Apr.

2020

Dec.

2019 to

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.382 193.6 190.6 -4.1 0.9 -1.2 -2.5 -1.5

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.373 257.3 251.4 -5.3 -3.0 -1.0 -3.8 -2.3

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.747 139.8 138.2 -2.3 3.4 -1.7 -1.4 -1.1

Vegetable products............................... II 1.904 204.2 200.2 -11.5 0.1 2.9 -1.3 -2.0

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.406 421.1 430.4 -26.5 -1.4 1.9 -15.5 2.2

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.695 115.7 108.6 -15.7 1.5 6.9 6.8 -6.1

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.342 214.1 211.7 6.0 -1.8 3.7 -0.3 -1.1

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.260 89.2 84.3 -4.3 4.8 -0.8 -0.1 -5.5

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.099 170.5 169.5 2.1 0.2 0.9 0.4 -0.6

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.220 105.8 100.7 3.7 0.1 1.4 2.8 -4.8

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or

other parts of plants.......................... 20 0.377 170.7 170.7 0.8 -0.1 -0.3 -0.4 0.0

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.157 140.5 140.1 4.6 0.5 2.3 0.2 -0.3

Mineral products.................................. V 6.967 145.5 102.4 -54.5 -0.1 -8.5 -25.2 -29.6

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 6.619 141.0 97.0 -56.4 -0.2 -9.1 -25.9 -31.2

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 9.855 156.2 154.6 -1.5 -0.1 0.1 -0.3 -1.0

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.497 288.0 276.4 -11.3 -3.5 -1.2 -1.4 -4.0

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.217 126.7 121.6 -4.9 0.1 0.8 -0.2 -4.0

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 5.041 154.3 154.5 1.2 0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.1

Essential oils and resinoids (Dec.

2016=100)..................................... 33 0.642 103.9 103.7 0.4 1.2 0.0 -0.5 -0.2

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.606 101.1 100.9 -2.4 -1.1 0.0 -0.3 -0.2

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 3.710 138.6 137.9 -1.9 -0.1 -0.4 -0.4 -0.5

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.494 141.0 139.9 -2.6 -0.1 -0.4 -0.5 -0.8

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.216 135.8 135.9 -0.4 0.0 -0.4 -0.4 0.1

Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel

goods, etc....................................... VIII 0.637 125.0 124.9 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.2 -0.1

Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc.

of various materials........................... 42 0.610 131.8 131.8 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.0

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw,

basketware and wickerwork................. IX 0.897 154.9 141.9 -2.7 -0.3 3.2 3.8 -8.4

Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal

(Dec. 2019=100).............................. 44 0.872 106.9 97.7 – -0.3 3.2 3.9 -8.6

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.046 112.7 110.8 -9.0 -1.0 -0.4 0.0 -1.7

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.729 107.5 105.7 -5.1 -0.6 -0.2 -0.2 -1.7

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 4.959 114.1 114.2 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

knitted or crocheted.......................... 61 2.015 105.1 105.2 0.5 -0.2 0.1 -0.3 0.1

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.656 121.3 121.8 1.3 0.5 -0.2 0.4 0.4

Made-up or worn textile articles............... 63 0.653 101.2 101.1 -2.4 -1.0 0.4 0.4 -0.1

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2019 to April

2020 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Mar.

20201

Index Percent change

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2019 to

Apr.

2020

Dec.

2019 to

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.414 124.3 124.4 1.8 0.2 0.1 -0.1 0.1

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 1.183 122.7 122.7 1.3 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.992 132.1 132.2 0.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 0.1

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 3.134 208.0 189.4 6.5 2.9 5.4 -0.3 -8.9

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 5.545 166.7 163.7 -8.3 0.1 -0.9 -0.7 -1.8

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.144 200.5 196.4 -11.9 -0.1 1.1 -0.4 -2.0

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.714 145.8 146.3 -2.9 -0.3 -0.3 -0.5 0.3

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.405 253.8 236.2 -19.4 2.4 -7.2 -1.3 -6.9

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.907 124.4 120.4 -10.5 -0.2 -1.3 -0.7 -3.2

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.474 123.0 123.0 -0.6 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.544 133.9 134.2 -1.5 -0.3 -0.1 -0.4 0.2

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 31.219 78.8 79.0 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 15.831 84.3 84.5 -1.3 -0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 15.388 73.6 73.8 0.4 0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.3

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 14.165 114.2 114.7 1.0 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.4

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 13.015 113.4 113.9 1.2 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.4

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 4.175 101.7 102.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.3

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.898 97.9 98.1 -0.4 -0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.2

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.563 111.3 111.3 -1.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.870 117.0 116.8 -1.5 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.2

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.417 102.1 102.2 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.276 127.2 127.2 -1.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2019 to April

2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Mar.

20201

Index Percent change

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2019 to

Apr.

2020

Dec.

2019 to

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.972 211.2 204.8 -3.1 0.8 -1.8 -1.4 -3.0

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.177 164.1 155.6 -4.9 0.2 -2.4 0.1 -5.2

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100).............. 03 0.347 115.1 117.6 -2.5 2.9 -1.2 -5.2 2.2

Vegetable products............................... II 4.284 192.6 184.8 -4.4 3.8 -4.6 -1.1 -4.0

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.981 137.2 129.0 -3.7 -5.3 0.1 -0.1 -6.0

Cereals............................................ 10 1.451 198.3 185.8 -1.5 3.5 -0.2 -1.0 -6.3

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 1.465 190.5 186.6 -1.5 4.6 -5.4 1.2 -2.0

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.050 151.1 149.1 -2.9 0.4 -1.0 -2.8 -1.3

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or

other parts of plants (Dec. 2019=100). . . .. 20 0.335 98.6 97.9 – -0.1 -0.8 -0.5 -0.7

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.604 100.6 100.2 2.8 0.0 0.2 -0.1 -0.4

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.542 101.4 93.2 -12.3 -4.4 0.9 -5.8 -8.1

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.710 211.2 214.7 -3.5 5.7 -4.2 -6.0 1.7

Mineral products.................................. V 9.114 162.8 117.1 -50.2 1.2 -10.6 -13.5 -28.1

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.374 87.3 83.4 -17.1 -2.2 -0.8 -4.6 -4.5

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 8.539 154.4 108.4 -52.1 1.3 -11.2 -14.1 -29.8

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 11.070 136.5 135.0 -3.4 0.1 -0.3 -0.4 -1.1

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.720 139.0 137.8 -7.7 0.6 -5.0 -0.7 -0.9

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.517 138.2 134.1 -8.8 0.2 0.1 -0.4 -3.0

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 3.207 107.4 106.3 -0.5 0.4 0.1 -0.7 -1.0

Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints

varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100). . .. 32 0.539 103.9 103.8 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 -1.0 -0.1

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.882 128.3 128.1 -3.4 -1.2 -0.5 0.1 -0.2

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.503 125.6 125.6 1.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 2.063 158.1 157.4 -0.1 1.3 -0.1 0.0 -0.4

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 5.243 141.9 138.9 -3.1 0.1 0.4 0.0 -2.1

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 4.341 138.9 136.0 -3.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 -2.1

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.902 152.6 149.3 -3.4 0.4 0.3 -0.3 -2.2

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.575 92.9 95.7 -3.7 -0.4 -0.1 2.5 3.0

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.788 119.3 120.4 -4.8 -1.1 0.4 1.3 0.9

Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec.

2019=100)..................................... 47 0.454 106.2 110.0 – -4.1 4.8 5.7 3.6

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 1.040 122.6 123.4 -2.1 -0.2 -1.1 0.0 0.7

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 1.709 119.1 116.1 -6.7 1.9 -0.6 -1.4 -2.5

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.474 114.2 102.4 -20.7 3.9 -1.6 -4.3 -10.3

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.856 132.1 131.8 3.4 -0.1 0.1 4.3 -0.2

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2019 to April

2020 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Mar.

20201

Index Percent change

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2019 to

Apr.

2020

Dec.

2019 to

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)....... 70 0.398 100.0 100.0 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 4.849 272.4 270.3 10.8 1.9 4.4 -1.9 -0.8

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.664 155.4 150.4 -7.6 1.4 -1.1 -0.3 -3.2

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.489 170.6 150.9 -21.6 4.1 -5.1 -1.2 -11.5

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.699 99.2 94.3 -13.3 1.0 1.7 -1.8 -4.9

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.346 155.8 155.8 1.2 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 29.078 98.2 98.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 17.383 116.5 116.5 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.0

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 11.694 78.5 78.7 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.3

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.658 138.0 138.1 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 8.221 116.8 116.7 -0.1 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 6.170 110.7 110.2 1.1 0.2 0.3 -0.2 -0.5

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.378 113.9 114.1 0.9 -0.2 0.9 0.2 0.2

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi;......................... 94 0.770 133.0 133.5 1.8 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.4

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.449 88.4 88.2 -0.1 -1.1 1.7 -1.1 -0.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: April 2019 to April 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Mar.

20201

Index Percent change

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2019 to

Apr.

2020

Dec.

2019 to

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 122.7 118.2 -8.0 -0.2 -1.4 -1.7 -3.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 8.061 128.1 89.9 -56.8 -2.7 -12.8 -16.7 -29.8

Manufacturing................................ 91.420 121.6 120.0 -1.0 0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -1.3

Canada.......................................... 100.000 124.6 111.9 -23.5 -0.7 -4.5 -4.8 -10.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 24.052 123.1 84.6 -58.7 -2.9 -13.5 -17.2 -31.3

Manufacturing................................ 75.053 128.9 124.5 -5.4 0.2 -0.5 -0.1 -3.4

European Union............................... 100.000 137.3 136.4 -0.6 0.4 0.0 -0.2 -0.7

Manufacturing................................ 98.579 133.6 132.9 -0.4 0.4 0.0 -0.1 -0.5

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 127.3 126.1 -1.7 0.5 -0.2 -0.4 -0.9

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 113.5 113.5 1.0 0.4 0.3 -0.2 0.0

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 124.3 117.2 -3.9 0.3 0.7 0.4 -5.7

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 140.6 137.2 -7.8 0.3 -0.9 -2.4 -2.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 12.029 197.0 159.7 -41.0 1.2 -6.6 -19.1 -18.9

Manufacturing................................ 87.675 118.9 118.7 -1.6 0.1 0.2 0.4 -0.2

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 124.9 124.4 -3.5 -0.1 -0.2 -0.6 -0.4

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 6.962 113.9 94.1 -40.8 1.1 -3.1 -12.2 -17.4

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 92.746 87.1 87.8 0.5 -0.1 0.0 0.5 0.8

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4............... 100.000 97.5 97.5 -1.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 98.0 98.1 -1.1 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.1

Japan............................................ 100.000 96.8 96.6 -0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.2

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)...................... 100.000 98.6 97.5 -1.3 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 -1.1

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 85.7 85.1 -4.0 -0.2 -0.5 -0.2 -0.7

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 97.2 96.9 0.0 0.4 0.0 -0.4 -0.3

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 135.3 115.7 -37.6 0.1 -2.7 -22.5 -14.5

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: April 2019 to April 2020

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Mar.

20201

Index Percent change

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2019 to

Apr.

2020

Dec.

2019 to

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 100.5 97.9 -5.5 0.5 -1.1 -1.9 -2.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 7.994 78.7 67.5 -41.9 0.4 -9.6 -17.6 -14.2

Manufacturing................................ 90.710 103.2 101.7 -1.2 0.6 -0.2 -0.2 -1.5

Canada.......................................... 100.000 100.8 98.2 -6.7 0.4 -1.5 -2.5 -2.6

European Union............................... 100.000 102.1 99.7 -5.1 0.6 -0.9 -2.0 -2.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 7.198 73.4 65.0 -42.8 -1.3 -7.6 -20.4 -11.4

Manufacturing................................ 91.386 105.3 103.7 -0.8 0.8 -0.3 0.0 -1.5

Germany........................................ 100.000 105.5 104.2 1.4 0.8 -0.2 0.3 -1.2

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 97.5 91.6 -11.0 1.6 -3.1 -0.9 -6.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 6.923 94.9 88.6 -17.0 1.8 -5.7 -4.8 -6.6

Manufacturing................................ 92.580 97.7 91.8 -10.5 1.5 -3.0 -0.6 -6.0

Mexico........................................... 100.000 97.9 92.8 -8.8 1.2 -2.5 -0.6 -5.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 5.516 91.7 87.5 -12.3 1.8 -5.1 -1.5 -4.6

Manufacturing................................ 93.897 98.3 93.0 -8.6 1.1 -2.3 -0.5 -5.4

Pacific Rim4

.................................... 100.000 95.7 94.0 -6.7 0.4 -1.1 -2.8 -1.8

Nonmanufacturing........................... 11.502 71.8 63.6 -37.8 1.5 -6.3 -21.0 -11.4

Manufacturing................................ 86.721 100.5 100.2 -0.6 0.1 -0.2 0.1 -0.3

China............................................ 100.000 93.5 91.5 -8.2 -0.2 -1.0 -2.7 -2.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 9.926 67.9 54.4 -46.5 -0.1 -7.9 -22.3 -19.9

Manufacturing................................ 87.842 99.4 99.3 -0.8 -0.3 0.1 -0.2 -0.1

Japan............................................ 100.000 95.9 92.2 -8.5 0.0 -1.2 -3.4 -3.9

Nonmanufacturing........................... 16.531 74.9 61.4 -42.3 -0.6 -5.9 -18.9 -18.0

Manufacturing................................ 81.387 100.3 99.5 0.3 0.1 -0.3 0.2 -0.8

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: April 2019 to April 20201

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2019 to

Apr.

2020

Dec.

2019 to

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 100.3 101.4 2.7 0.8 0.3 -0.1 1.1

Canada.................................................. 106.3 115.3 22.0 1.0 3.2 2.4 8.5

European Union...................................... 100.1 98.4 -4.6 0.1 -0.9 -1.8 -1.7

Germany................................................ 107.0 105.7 0.4 0.5 -0.5 0.5 -1.2

Latin America3

........................................ 103.3 99.4 -3.5 1.3 -2.3 1.6 -3.8

Mexico.................................................. 101.1 96.2 -5.5 1.3 -2.2 -0.1 -4.8

Pacific Rim4............................................ 96.6 94.9 -5.8 0.5 -1.1 -2.7 -1.8

China.................................................... 95.5 93.4 -7.2 -0.2 -0.8 -2.7 -2.2

Japan.................................................... 94.6 91.2 -8.3 -0.2 -1.1 -3.4 -3.6

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: April 2019

to April 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Mar.

20201

Index Percent change

Mar.

2020

Apr.

2020

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2019 to

Apr.

2020

Dec.

2019 to

Jan.

2020

Jan.

2020 to

Feb.

2020

Feb.

2020 to

Mar.

2020

Mar.

2020 to

Apr.

2020

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 180.7 250.2 40.4 -2.3 -1.0 2.5 38.5

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 26.633 143.6 218.2 46.0 0.6 0.2 -0.6 51.9

Asia.................................................. 59.410 171.9 242.7 46.1 -4.4 -1.7 4.6 41.2

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 164.4 160.2 -3.3 2.7 -1.4 -1.0 -2.6

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 32.017 154.6 150.8 -0.3 3.1 -1.1 -0.5 -2.5

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 164.3 202.9 22.5 -0.9 -0.9 0.9 23.5

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 28.443 132.4 165.8 21.5 1.3 -0.2 -0.2 25.2

Asia.................................................. 57.353 151.9 194.1 26.9 -2.6 -1.3 1.6 27.8

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 153.2 157.2 8.9 1.6 27.2 -19.6 2.6

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 31.822 161.4 176.4 14.8 2.3 -0.6 0.1 9.3

Asia.................................................. 47.995 152.2 151.3 10.0 1.3 59.0 -33.0 -0.6

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 155.5 136.3 -16.2 -8.7 0.2 -9.8 -12.3

Europe............................................... 45.809 181.5 134.4 -26.3 0.8 0.6 -12.9 -26.0

Asia.................................................. 20.941 112.3 125.5 0.6 -14.7 -7.2 -7.4 11.8

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 8.817 150.7 144.8 -6.9 -19.2 8.7 -7.4 -3.9

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 137.1 126.3 -14.1 7.4 -9.3 -4.2 -7.9

Europe............................................... 29.012 171.7 143.5 -24.3 -0.9 -2.0 -4.3 -16.4

Asia.................................................. 25.473 120.9 112.6 -9.7 14.4 -13.9 -5.0 -6.9

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 27.062 150.7 148.8 -7.1 11.9 -13.0 -2.3 -1.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

16
17 

TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
18 

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. 

Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.