NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

 FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

ELGIN K. COX,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

 v.

ALLIN CORPORATION PLAN; et al.,

Defendants-Appellees.

No. 16-15231

D.C. No. 4:12-cv-05880-SBA

MEMORANDUM*

ELGIN K. COX,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

 v.

ALLIN CORPORATION PLAN; UNUM

LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF

AMERICA,

Defendants-Appellees.

No. 18-16975

D.C. No. 4:16-cv-04675-SBA

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Northern District of California

Saundra B. Armstrong, District Judge, Presiding

FILED

FEB 17 2021

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent

except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
Argued and Submitted January 11, 2021

San Francisco, California

Before: BYBEE and R. NELSON, Circuit Judges, and WHALEY,** District

Judge.

 

Elgin Cox (Cox) appeals the district court’s judgment in favor of Unum Life

Insurance Company (Unum) in his suit for long term disability (LTD) benefits

brought pursuant to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), 29

U.S.C. § 1132. Cox, a former employee of Allin Corporation (Allin), submitted

claims for LTD benefits based on his diagnoses of vertigo and dizziness. 

However, Unum, the plan administrator for the Allin Plan, terminated benefits after

24 months under the policy’s self-reported symptoms limitation. The district court

affirmed Unum’s denial of LTD benefits, and Cox appealed. Because the parties

are fully familiar with the facts and record, we recite only those facts relevant to

our decision. 

The district court had jurisdiction pursuant to 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a), and we

have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review the district court’s

underlying findings of fact for clear error, Abatie v. Alta Health & Life Ins. Co.,

458 F.3d 955, 962 (9th Cir. 2006), and mixed questions of fact and law, including

** The Honorable Robert H. Whaley, United States District Judge for the

Eastern District of Washington, sitting by designation.

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contract interpretation, de novo, Tyler v. Cuomo, 236 F.3d 1124, 1134 (9th Cir.

2000) (citation omitted). We review the denial of benefits for abuse of discretion. 

See Demer v. IBM Corp. LTD Plan, 835 F.3d 893, 896 (9th Cir. 2016). We

REVERSE and REMAND. 

The district court erred in finding that Unum’s 2005 California Settlement

Agreement (CSA) with the California Department of Insurance (CDOI) did not

apply to the Allin Plan and thus that the CSA’s prohibition on self-reported

symptoms limitations did not apply. The CSA provides that LTD policy

limitations on self-reported conditions “shall not be applied in existing California

Contracts.”1 The CSA defines a “California Contract” as “a policy of disability

income insurance issued by a Respondent which is subject to the jurisdiction of

and approved by the Department.” Unum argues, and the district court found, that

the Allin Plan was not subject to the jurisdiction of CDOI. This was an error. 

The Allin Plan is a California Contract subject to the CSA’s prohibition on

self-reported symptoms limitations. California law is clear that insurance provided

in California is subject to the jurisdiction of CDOI. “All insurance” in California is

governed by the California Insurance Code. Cal. Ins. Code § 41. All “transaction

1

 The CSA applies to California contracts renewed “following the CSA

Effective Date or December 31, 2007.” Because the 1997 Allin Plan was renewed

on June 30, 2008, the CSA applies to the Allin Plan if it is a California Contract.

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of insurance business” requires admission and certification by CDOI, and

certification “shall not be granted until the applicant conforms to the requirements

of this code and of the laws of this state” or face criminal penalties. Cal. Ins. Code

§ 700(a)–(b). Further, “[n]o group disability policy shall be issued or delivered in

this state nor . . . shall an insurer provide or agree to provide group disability

coverage until a copy of the form of the policy is filed with the commissioner and

approved by him.” Cal Ins. Code § 10270.9. The California Insurance Code thus

explicitly prohibits the provision of group disability coverage in California unless

the policy is approved by CDOI. Cal. Ins. Code § 10270.9.

Here, the coverage was provided in California to a California resident at a

California subsidiary of Allin. Unum recognized Cox as a California employee. 

Unum’s claims documents for Cox described his policy subgroup as “Employees

of Allin Consulting of California” and specifically noted: “Our agreement:

Employees of Allin Consulting of California.” The Allin Plan itself differentiates

between divisions or subsidiaries of Allin Corporation, including “Allin Consulting

of California” and provides different coverage for employees of Allin Consulting

of California. Moreover, Unum understood that it was subject to the jurisdiction of

CDOI: in its letters denying Cox’s claim, it directed him to CDOI for review of the

denial. The denial letters informed Cox that he “may also contact the California

4
Department of Insurance if you wish to have them review your [] claim,” and

provided contact information for CDOI. Unum cannot now argue that the Allin

Plan is not subject to the jurisdiction of CDOI. It is irrelevant that the Allin Plan

states that it is governed by Pennsylvania law because the CSA applies to all

California Contracts, without regard to the policy’s stated governing jurisdiction. 

The CSA’s prohibition on self-reported symptoms limitations applies to the Allin

Plan. 

Because we conclude that the CSA prohibits application of the Allin Plan’s

self-reported symptoms limitation, we do not reach Cox’s other arguments. 

We REVERSE and REMAND for further proceedings consistent with this

disposition.

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