U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – AUGUST 2019 

U.S. import prices decreased 0.5 percent in August, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, after 

rising 0.1 percent the previous month. The August decline was driven by a drop in fuel prices; prices for 

nonfuel goods were unchanged. Prices for U.S. exports fell 0.6 percent in August following a 0.2-percent 

increase in July.

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: August 2018 – August 2019

Imports 

Prices for U.S. imports fell 0.5 percent in August following a 0.1-percent increase in July and a 1.1-percent 

decline in June. With the exception of the August and June decreases, U.S. import prices advanced in each 

month of 2019. Despite the increases, the price index for U.S. imports declined 2.0 percent from August 

2018 to August 2019. (See table 1.) 

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices decreased 4.3 percent in August, after rising 0.7 percent the previous 

month. Prices for import fuel fell 11.1 percent over the past 3 months. In August, lower petroleum prices 

more than offset higher prices for natural gas. The price index for import petroleum declined 4.8 percent, 

after increasing 0.9 percent the previous month. Fuel prices decreased 8.7 percent over the past 12 months; 

prices for import petroleum fell 9.6 percent over the same period. The price index for natural gas imports 

rose 16.0 percent in August, after declines in each of the previous 4 months. Despite the August increase, 

natural gas prices fell 6.1 percent over the past year. 

-0.4

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Aug'18 Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug'19

1-month percent change 12-month percent change

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, September 13, 2019 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

USDL-19-1598
2

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for nonfuel imports were unchanged for the second consecutive month 

in August following 0.3-percent decreases in both June and May. In August, lower prices for foods, feeds, 

and beverages and nonfuel industrial supplies and materials were offset by price increases for automotive 

vehicles and consumer goods. Prices for nonfuel imports declined 1.0 percent over the past 12 months, led 

by price decreases for industrial supplies and materials and capital goods.

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials fell 

0.3 percent in August, after ticking up 0.1 percent in July. The August drop was driven by decreases in 

prices for chemicals, textiles, and lumber, which more than offset higher unfinished metals prices. 

 

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mostly up in August. Consumer goods prices ticked up 0.1 

percent following a 0.2-percent advance in July. Prices for automotive vehicles ticked up 0.1 percent 

following a 0.2-percent drop the previous month. The price index for capital goods was unchanged for the 

second consecutive month in August. Lower computer accessories, peripherals, and semiconductors prices 

offset higher prices for telecommunications equipment. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Import foods, feeds, and beverages prices fell 0.3 percent in August, after a 

0.5-percent drop in July. The August decrease was driven by a 9.4-percent decline in fruit prices. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories 
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent change in the Export Price Index: August 2018 – August 2019 

Exports 

Prices for U.S. exports decreased 0.6 percent in August, after a 0.2-percent rise the previous month. The 

decline was driven by price decreases for both agricultural and nonagricultural exports. The price index for 

U.S. exports also fell on a 12-month basis in August, declining 1.4 percent from August 2018 to August 

2019. (See table 2.) 

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports declined 2.5 percent in August, after 

increases of 0.2 percent in July and 2.4 percent in June. The decrease in August was the largest monthly 

decline since the index fell 5.2 percent in July 2018. Lower prices for vegetables, corn, soybeans, cotton, 

meat, and wheat all contributed to the decline. Despite the monthly drop, prices for agricultural exports rose 

0.5 percent over the past year.

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Nonagricultural export prices fell 0.4 percent in August following a 

0.2-percent increase in July. The August decrease was driven by price declines for nonagricultural industrial 

supplies and materials and automotive vehicles. The price indexes for consumer goods and capital goods 

both were unchanged in August. Prices for nonagricultural exports fell 1.6 percent for the year ended in 

August; lower prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials more than offset price increases 

for finished goods over the 12-month period. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 

decreased 1.1 percent in August, after rising 0.8 percent the previous month. A 3.5-percent drop in export 

fuel prices drove the monthly decline, more than offsetting higher nonferrous metals prices. 

Finished Goods: Export finished goods prices were mostly unchanged in August. Automotive vehicles 

prices fell 0.2 percent led by lower prices for nonengine parts and accessories. Prices for capital goods were 

unchanged for the month. Lower electrical generating equipment prices were offset by price increases for 

transportation equipment. The price index for consumer goods also was unchanged in August. 

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0.0

0.5

-0.8 -0.6 -0.6

0.6 0.7

0.1

-0.3 -0.6 0.2 -0.6

3.6

2.7

3.1

1.8

1.1

-0.2

0.2 0.6 0.2

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-1.6

-0.9

-1.4

-3.0

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

Aug'18 Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug'19

1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality 

Imports by Locality of Origin: Prices for imports from China edged down 0.1 percent in August following 

decreases of 0.2 percent in both July and June. Import prices from China have not advanced on a monthly 

basis since ticking up 0.1 percent in May 2018. The price index for imports from China fell 1.6 percent for 

the year ended in August. Import prices from Japan increased 0.2 percent in August, after being unchanged 

for each of the previous 4 months. The last time the index rose more than 0.2 percent was a 0.5-percent 

advance in January 2018. Prices for imports from Japan increased 0.2 percent over the past year. Import 

prices from the European Union fell 0.2 percent in August and 0.3 percent over the past 12 months. The 

price index for imports from Mexico declined 0.1 percent in August, after a 0.2-percent rise in July. Import 

prices from Canada fell 1.4 percent in August, after decreasing 4.8 percent for the 3 months ended in July. 

Despite the drops, prices for imports from Canada rose 1.1 percent over the past year. (See table 7.) 

Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China declined 1.6 percent in August, after advancing 

0.2 percent in July. Prices for exports to China fell 3.1 percent over the past 12 months. Export prices to 

Japan decreased 0.6 percent in August, after increasing 1.0 percent in July and ticking up 0.1 percent in 

June. Export prices to the European Union declined 0.2 percent in August following a 0.8-percent increase 

the previous month. The price indexes for exports to Canada and Mexico each decreased 0.8 percent in 

August. (See table 8.) 

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 

the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade with China 

decreased 1.5 percent in August, the largest decline since the index fell 1.7 percent in September 2018. 

Lower export prices to China drove the monthly decrease in August. U.S. terms of trade with China dropped 

1.5 percent over the past 12 months. The U.S. terms of trade with Japan declined 0.8 percent in August 

following a 0.9-percent increase the previous month. U.S. terms of trade with Japan fell 0.5 percent from 

August 2018 to August 2019. The index for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union was unchanged in 

August, after advancing 0.6 percent in July. The U.S. terms of trade with Mexico declined 0.7 percent in 

August and 1.9 percent over the past year. U.S. terms of trade with Canada rose 0.6 percent in August and 

declined 0.7 percent over the past 12 months. (See table 9.) 

Import and Export Services 

Imports: Import air passenger fares fell 8.2 percent in August following a 9.9-percent drop in July and a 

6.7-percent advance in June. In August, lower European, Asian, and Latin American/Caribbean fares all 

contributed to the monthly decline. Import air passenger fares decreased 6.1 percent from August 2018 to 

August 2019. The price index for import air freight declined 0.7 percent in August, after dropping 2.5 

percent the previous month. Import air freight prices fell 7.6 percent over the past year. (See table 10.) 

Exports: Export air passenger fares decreased 3.1 percent in August following a 3.3-percent rise in July. 

Lower European and Latin American/Caribbean fares more than offset higher Asian fares in August. The 

index for export air passenger fares fell 0.8 percent over the past 12 months. Export air freight prices 

declined 1.2 percent in August, the largest monthly drop since the index decreased 6.2 percent in December 

2017. Despite the August decline, prices for export air freight rose 0.4 percent over the past year. 

 

Import and Export Price Index data for September are scheduled for release on Friday, October 11, 2019 at 

8:30 a.m. (EDT). 
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2018 to

August 2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

July

20191

Index Percent change

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2018 to

Aug.

2019

Apr.

2019 to

May

2019

May

2019 to

June

2019

June

2019 to

July

2019

July

2019 to

Aug.

2019

All commodities................................... 100.000 125.7 125.1 -2.0 0.2 -1.1 0.1 -0.5

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 83.299 99.2 99.2 -1.1 -0.2 -0.2 0.1 0.0

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 89.605 112.0 112.0 -1.0 -0.3 -0.4 0.0 0.0

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 89.294 116.2 116.2 -1.0 -0.3 -0.3 0.0 0.0

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 5.994 179.0 178.4 1.2 -0.8 -1.5 -0.5 -0.3

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 4.660 195.9 193.9 1.0 -0.9 -1.8 -0.6 -1.0

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.334 141.1 143.8 2.0 -0.4 0.0 -0.3 1.9

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 24.561 189.9 186.0 -5.9 1.0 -3.9 0.4 -2.1

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 14.311 151.5 151.7 -3.3 -1.0 -1.2 -0.1 0.1

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 13.856 174.1 173.6 -3.2 -1.0 -0.7 0.1 -0.3

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 8.737 165.6 165.8 -2.5 -1.3 -0.5 0.6 0.1

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 5.429 134.3 134.3 -4.3 -0.6 -2.3 -1.0 0.0

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 10.706 216.9 207.6 -8.7 3.6 -7.8 0.7 -4.3

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 10.395 238.7 227.3 -9.6 3.8 -7.5 0.9 -4.8

Crude........................................ 10000 7.500 246.7 233.6 -11.4 3.7 -8.4 0.0 -5.3

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.312 71.4 80.7 -8.2 -1.3 -16.7 -4.0 13.0

Gas-natural.................................. 10110 0.224 55.6 64.5 -6.1 -1.9 -22.1 -2.6 16.0

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.555 116.6 115.8 -5.3 -2.6 -0.1 -3.1 -0.7

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 4.563 156.7 155.0 -4.4 -0.3 -1.0 -0.4 -1.1

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.490 143.0 141.2 -9.1 -1.6 0.6 0.9 -1.3

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 3.738 230.7 232.5 -0.6 -1.8 -1.3 0.8 0.8

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 1.763 157.4 157.6 -2.0 -0.7 -0.5 0.3 0.1

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.747 113.1 113.2 -1.0 -0.3 0.0 0.2 0.1

Capital goods................................... 2 27.771 88.3 88.3 -1.1 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.432 119.8 119.8 1.4 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 22.048 80.3 80.2 -1.8 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 2.291 136.5 137.0 1.7 0.4 0.1 -0.1 0.4

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 15.647 109.7 109.8 -0.5 0.0 0.1 -0.2 0.1

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 26.027 107.0 107.1 -0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 12.428 123.7 123.9 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.2

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 12.341 91.4 91.5 -1.2 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.1

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 1.257 116.7 116.5 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 -0.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2018 to

August 2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

July

20191

Index Percent change

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2018 to

Aug.

2019

Apr.

2019 to

May

2019

May

2019 to

June

2019

June

2019 to

July

2019

July

2019 to

Aug.

2019

All commodities................................... 100.000 126.3 125.5 -1.4 -0.3 -0.6 0.2 -0.6

Agricultural commodities....................... 9.703 180.8 176.3 0.5 -1.1 2.4 0.2 -2.5

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 80.344 101.4 101.4 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.0

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 90.297 122.1 121.6 -1.6 -0.2 -0.9 0.2 -0.4

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 9.026 184.3 180.2 1.6 -1.1 2.9 0.2 -2.2

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 8.420 182.9 178.4 1.8 -1.0 3.1 0.2 -2.5

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.605 212.5 215.4 0.5 -2.3 -0.7 0.5 1.4

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 32.217 155.5 153.7 -5.8 -0.6 -2.6 0.8 -1.2

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.334 166.1 167.6 2.8 -0.8 -0.3 0.9 0.9

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 21.883 150.9 147.8 -9.5 -0.6 -3.6 0.7 -2.1

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.253 173.0 168.6 -7.5 -1.6 -1.6 -0.2 -2.5

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 30.964 155.0 153.3 -5.7 -0.6 -2.6 0.8 -1.1

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 10.630 184.3 177.8 -14.3 -1.0 -6.7 2.3 -3.5

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 19.358 157.4 157.7 -1.1 -0.3 -0.4 0.1 0.2

Selected building materials.................. 13 0.977 119.7 118.2 -4.4 -0.6 -0.9 -1.2 -1.3

Capital goods................................... 2 36.019 110.6 110.6 0.5 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.770 118.0 117.7 -0.2 0.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.3

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 23.506 94.5 94.5 -0.5 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 8.742 182.7 182.9 3.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 10.196 114.6 114.4 0.3 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.2

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 12.543 110.6 110.6 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 5.954 108.3 108.1 1.6 0.0 -0.2 0.6 -0.2

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 5.155 107.4 107.7 0.1 0.0 0.7 -0.4 0.3

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec.

2018=100)................................... 42 1.434 99.0 99.0 – -0.3 -0.4 0.1 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: August 2018 to August 2019

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

July

20191

Index Percent change

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2018 to

Aug.

2019

Apr.

2019 to

May

2019

May

2019 to

June

2019

June

2019 to

July

2019

July

2019 to

Aug.

2019

Nonmanufacturing................................ 10.007 116.5 111.6 -5.5 2.4 -7.5 -0.3 -4.2

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 1.915 179.4 174.6 3.6 -2.1 -3.4 -0.7 -2.7

Crop production............................... 111 1.556 193.1 186.8 5.2 -1.4 -3.7 -1.1 -3.3

Mining............................................ 21 8.092 110.3 105.2 -7.5 3.4 -8.5 -0.1 -4.6

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 7.844 110.1 104.7 -8.2 3.5 -8.7 -0.1 -4.9

Manufacturing..................................... 89.692 111.1 111.0 -1.2 0.0 -0.4 0.1 -0.1

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.160 124.9 125.3 0.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.3

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 3.362 154.3 154.7 -0.4 -0.2 -0.3 -0.8 0.3

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.123 123.0 125.9 3.3 -0.6 -0.1 0.1 2.4

Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)............... 313 0.370 100.9 99.8 -0.2 -1.1 -0.3 1.8 -1.1

Textile product mills.......................... 314 0.926 108.3 108.0 -1.5 0.6 -0.3 -0.7 -0.3

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.747 112.4 112.4 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.633 123.4 123.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 17.567 126.5 125.5 -3.0 0.5 -1.1 0.6 -0.8

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.026 111.2 110.7 -4.5 -2.1 -0.1 -1.7 -0.4

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 2.666 104.5 100.6 -4.2 4.2 -4.9 4.1 -3.7

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 9.550 138.9 138.6 -2.1 0.1 -0.6 0.1 -0.2

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.258 118.8 118.9 -0.6 0.0 0.0 -0.3 0.1

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 1.032 130.8 131.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.3 0.2

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 60.965 103.5 103.6 -0.9 -0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.1

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.340 154.7 155.4 0.2 -1.6 -1.3 0.7 0.5

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.103 126.3 126.6 -0.9 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.2

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 7.298 119.0 119.0 0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 17.186 72.5 72.4 -3.3 -0.1 -0.4 -0.3 -0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 5.167 117.8 117.8 1.4 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 16.633 109.0 109.1 -0.3 0.0 0.1 -0.2 0.1

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 1.867 116.8 116.5 -0.9 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.370 118.2 118.4 0.1 -0.3 0.1 0.0 0.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: August 2018 to August 2019

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

July

20191

Index Percent change

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2018 to

Aug.

2019

Apr.

2019 to

May

2019

May

2019 to

June

2019

June

2019 to

July

2019

July

2019 to

Aug.

2019

Nonmanufacturing................................ 9.052 133.0 128.3 -7.4 -2.6 -0.4 0.2 -3.5

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 4.867 153.4 146.7 -2.1 -2.4 4.0 0.0 -4.4

Crop production............................... 111 4.529 160.7 153.2 -1.9 -2.5 4.5 -0.1 -4.7

Mining............................................ 21 4.185 83.9 81.8 -14.1 -2.9 -5.1 0.2 -2.5

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.294 113.5 113.8 0.7 -0.3 -2.2 -1.2 0.3

Manufacturing..................................... 89.750 117.0 116.6 -0.6 -0.1 -0.6 0.3 -0.3

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.817 141.7 141.1 1.4 0.1 0.4 0.3 -0.4

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.661 159.9 159.0 1.7 0.4 0.6 0.4 -0.6

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.659 123.4 123.5 3.2 -1.5 0.4 0.8 0.1

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 25.257 115.5 114.0 -4.7 0.1 -2.4 0.8 -1.3

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.518 97.0 94.7 -8.4 -1.1 -1.5 -0.8 -2.4

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.673 124.2 122.4 -7.2 -0.6 -0.5 -1.6 -1.4

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 6.330 111.7 107.5 -12.5 0.5 -7.9 3.5 -3.8

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 13.391 118.9 118.3 -1.5 0.1 -0.5 0.0 -0.5

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.275 116.8 116.9 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.844 117.7 117.7 0.8 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 57.677 115.1 115.3 1.1 -0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.107 149.6 153.5 8.3 -1.5 0.5 2.3 2.6

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 2.993 148.1 148.4 5.2 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.2

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 9.546 129.8 130.0 1.8 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 13.759 81.7 81.6 -2.0 -0.2 -0.1 -0.4 -0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.810 118.2 117.9 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.3

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 17.709 129.1 129.0 1.5 0.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Furniture and related product

manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100).......... 337 0.396 122.3 122.5 1.5 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.2

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.357 120.2 121.0 0.5 -0.2 0.6 -0.2 0.7

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2018 to

August 2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

July

20191

Index Percent change

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2018 to

Aug.

2019

Apr.

2019 to

May

2019

May

2019 to

June

2019

June

2019 to

July

2019

July

2019 to

Aug.

2019

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.388 195.1 196.3 1.4 -0.9 -0.6 -0.5 0.6

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.376 261.0 265.8 8.0 0.0 0.1 -1.8 1.8

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.733 139.9 140.9 1.2 -0.8 -0.2 0.0 0.7

Vegetable products............................... II 1.876 212.2 206.5 4.6 -1.2 -3.8 -1.3 -2.7

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.434 466.9 497.9 37.3 -13.9 0.5 -7.9 6.6

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.688 126.9 114.4 -3.1 8.5 -11.0 1.9 -9.9

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.317 197.6 193.5 -7.4 -2.6 1.6 -0.1 -2.1

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.223 84.3 86.5 -11.6 -3.0 -1.9 0.5 2.6

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 2.832 165.3 166.7 0.5 -0.5 0.1 -0.1 0.8

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.226 98.4 96.6 0.1 -0.5 1.2 0.6 -1.8

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or

other parts of plants.......................... 20 0.363 170.7 171.2 -1.0 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.3

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.076 133.0 136.3 3.3 -0.7 -0.1 0.1 2.5

Mineral products.................................. V 10.684 216.8 208.0 -8.7 3.5 -7.6 0.6 -4.1

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 10.374 214.1 205.1 -9.1 3.6 -7.8 0.7 -4.2

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 8.913 156.8 156.6 -1.7 0.1 -0.6 0.4 -0.1

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.509 290.1 280.3 -11.1 -1.5 -5.0 -0.5 -3.4

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.024 127.2 126.4 -5.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.6

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 4.387 154.4 154.7 0.8 0.1 -0.3 1.4 0.2

Fertilizers (Dec. 2009=100).................... 31 0.261 79.3 79.1 -5.7 2.5 -3.0 -6.9 -0.3

Essential oils and resinoids (Dec.

2016=100)..................................... 33 0.603 103.9 103.4 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.5 -0.5

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.585 103.6 103.3 -3.4 -0.2 0.0 0.4 -0.3

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 3.474 140.3 139.9 -1.2 0.1 0.1 -0.4 -0.3

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.323 143.1 142.7 -1.6 -0.1 0.1 -0.3 -0.3

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.151 137.0 136.4 -0.4 0.6 0.5 -0.7 -0.4

Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel

goods, etc....................................... VIII 0.616 123.9 123.9 -1.4 0.0 -0.1 -0.6 0.0

Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc.

of various materials........................... 42 0.588 130.5 130.4 -0.8 0.1 -0.1 -0.5 -0.1

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw,

basketware and wickerwork................. IX 0.853 146.0 142.2 -15.7 -2.5 1.0 1.7 -2.6

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.078 117.6 117.0 -3.6 -1.4 0.0 -2.0 -0.5

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.726 110.0 109.7 -1.6 -0.3 -0.1 -0.9 -0.3

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 4.886 114.7 114.3 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.4 -0.3

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

knitted or crocheted.......................... 61 1.984 105.5 105.6 1.5 0.0 -0.1 0.9 0.1

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.632 120.3 120.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.1

Made-up or worn textile articles............... 63 0.640 102.4 101.7 -2.5 0.1 -0.1 -1.2 -0.7

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2018 to

August 2019 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

July

20191

Index Percent change

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2018 to

Aug.

2019

Apr.

2019 to

May

2019

May

2019 to

June

2019

June

2019 to

July

2019

July

2019 to

Aug.

2019

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.361 122.7 122.8 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 1.130 121.6 121.8 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.2

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.945 131.7 132.2 0.2 -0.2 0.1 -0.3 0.4

Ceramic products................................ 69 0.266 135.7 135.7 0.4 0.1 0.1 -0.7 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 2.788 182.8 185.5 10.1 -0.8 0.7 2.9 1.5

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 5.762 173.0 173.2 -4.4 -1.1 -1.4 -0.6 0.1

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.307 211.5 211.7 -8.2 -1.4 -1.6 -2.2 0.1

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.710 149.1 150.3 -1.5 -0.3 -0.3 -0.5 0.8

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.435 274.9 269.8 -3.5 -2.5 -5.0 1.3 -1.9

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.991 130.2 128.2 -8.0 -1.6 -1.3 -0.3 -1.5

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.442 123.7 123.6 0.6 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.517 136.2 136.1 -0.8 0.0 -0.2 0.2 -0.1

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 29.966 79.3 79.3 -1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 14.886 85.5 85.5 -1.5 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 15.080 73.6 73.5 -1.2 -0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.1

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.867 113.3 113.5 -0.6 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 0.2

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 12.696 112.4 112.6 -0.6 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.2

Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec.

2002=100)..................................... 88 1.058 113.0 113.2 -1.8 -0.2 -0.7 -0.6 0.2

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 3.981 101.7 101.7 -0.5 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.710 98.2 98.2 -0.6 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Clocks and watches and parts thereof. . . . . .. 91 0.210 143.0 143.0 0.8 -0.3 -0.1 0.8 0.0

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.429 111.9 111.9 -0.7 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 0.0

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.788 118.1 118.0 -0.4 0.0 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.371 101.5 101.8 -1.2 -0.2 0.1 -0.6 0.3

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.270 128.7 128.7 -0.6 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2018 to

August 2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

July

20191

Index Percent change

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2018 to

Aug.

2019

Apr.

2019 to

May

2019

May

2019 to

June

2019

June

2019 to

July

2019

July

2019 to

Aug.

2019

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.998 217.7 216.1 4.1 2.0 1.1 -0.1 -0.7

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.196 173.0 169.9 4.5 3.6 1.9 0.2 -1.8

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100).............. 03 0.395 116.7 118.9 0.6 -2.8 -0.9 0.5 1.9

Vegetable products............................... II 4.582 199.4 190.4 1.1 -2.1 5.2 0.2 -4.5

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.971 136.4 135.0 3.1 -1.6 6.1 -2.5 -1.0

Cereals............................................ 10 1.445 204.7 194.3 -1.3 -2.6 11.9 -0.5 -5.1

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 1.700 190.0 184.3 -4.0 -5.0 3.8 1.7 -3.0

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.034 154.8 154.5 2.3 -1.0 1.0 0.8 -0.2

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.569 98.7 98.8 1.3 -0.3 0.8 0.7 0.1

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.561 112.9 112.7 3.2 0.1 3.6 2.5 -0.2

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.703 217.1 215.1 0.6 -4.6 1.5 0.8 -0.9

Mineral products.................................. V 10.730 222.0 214.3 -13.6 -0.9 -6.8 2.4 -3.5

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.399 96.1 98.1 0.4 0.3 -4.6 -0.2 2.1

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 10.134 213.7 205.6 -14.5 -1.0 -7.0 2.5 -3.8

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 10.860 138.0 137.8 -1.1 -0.3 -0.7 -0.2 -0.1

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.740 149.6 147.6 -3.6 0.5 -0.3 0.0 -1.3

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.539 140.3 139.8 -5.7 -1.5 -1.5 -1.6 -0.4

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 3.070 107.7 107.7 1.0 0.0 -0.2 1.0 0.0

Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints

varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100). . .. 32 0.553 105.5 107.5 4.8 1.2 -1.2 1.6 1.9

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.850 131.1 130.5 -0.3 -0.4 -0.6 -0.2 -0.5

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.490 124.3 124.8 4.1 0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.4

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 1.962 155.6 155.3 0.9 -0.1 -0.4 -0.6 -0.2

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 5.212 143.9 143.1 -1.5 0.4 -0.1 0.0 -0.6

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 4.335 141.0 140.2 -1.1 0.5 0.1 -0.1 -0.6

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.877 154.2 153.7 -3.6 -0.1 -0.6 0.5 -0.3

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.626 96.3 93.8 -10.2 -0.8 -1.3 -1.0 -2.6

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.860 122.5 122.4 -9.1 -0.9 -0.6 -1.6 -0.1

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 1.082 125.7 125.0 -3.8 -0.3 0.2 -0.2 -0.6

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 1.725 121.0 117.9 -6.6 -0.6 -1.9 -0.3 -2.6

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.491 116.2 108.6 -22.5 -1.7 -6.7 -1.9 -6.5

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.817 127.2 127.2 2.5 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 4.315 250.9 258.8 11.6 -1.0 1.6 2.3 3.1

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.697 158.8 158.5 -0.9 -1.4 -0.8 -0.3 -0.2

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: August 2018 to

August 2019 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

July

20191

Index Percent change

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2018 to

Aug.

2019

Apr.

2019 to

May

2019

May

2019 to

June

2019

June

2019 to

July

2019

July

2019 to

Aug.

2019

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.477 177.9 172.5 -7.2 -2.0 -5.3 -0.4 -3.0

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.697 103.0 101.7 -10.8 -2.2 -2.1 -1.2 -1.3

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.335 154.2 154.2 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 28.039 97.8 97.6 -0.2 -0.2 0.1 -0.2 -0.2

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 16.310 116.1 115.8 0.5 -0.2 0.1 -0.2 -0.3

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 11.728 78.1 78.0 -1.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.3 -0.1

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.742 137.1 137.0 1.2 0.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 8.321 116.5 116.3 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.2

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 5.847 109.2 109.5 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.374 112.9 112.7 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 -0.2

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi;......................... 94 0.766 130.8 130.3 0.2 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.4

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.454 88.2 88.6 1.1 -0.2 0.1 0.0 0.5

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: August 2018 to August 2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

July

20191

Index Percent change

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2018 to

Aug.

2019

Apr.

2019 to

May

2019

May

2019 to

June

2019

June

2019 to

July

2019

July

2019 to

Aug.

2019

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 126.8 126.1 0.6 0.2 -1.6 0.2 -0.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 10.915 184.1 176.4 6.8 0.0 -11.1 -0.4 -4.2

Manufacturing................................ 88.528 121.4 121.2 -0.3 0.2 -0.4 0.3 -0.2

Canada.......................................... 100.000 139.4 137.4 1.1 0.1 -4.4 -0.4 -1.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 29.880 180.0 172.3 9.2 0.1 -11.5 -0.8 -4.3

Manufacturing................................ 69.278 130.2 129.9 -2.8 0.2 -0.9 -0.3 -0.2

European Union............................... 100.000 137.1 136.8 -0.3 0.3 -0.6 0.2 -0.2

Manufacturing................................ 98.756 133.5 133.2 -0.4 0.3 -0.5 0.2 -0.2

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 128.0 127.8 -0.6 -0.1 -0.6 0.5 -0.2

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 112.4 112.4 0.4 -0.1 -0.1 0.2 0.0

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 121.8 121.5 -0.2 0.1 -0.7 0.5 -0.2

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 148.0 147.4 -2.3 0.9 -1.3 -0.2 -0.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 17.423 269.0 257.2 -5.5 5.6 -4.5 -1.5 -4.4

Manufacturing................................ 82.297 120.0 120.5 -1.5 0.0 -0.6 0.1 0.4

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 128.0 127.9 -0.5 0.5 -1.3 0.2 -0.1

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 9.130 150.4 138.8 -2.0 3.2 -9.5 1.3 -7.7

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 90.608 87.2 87.9 -0.3 0.2 -0.5 0.0 0.8

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4

............... 100.000 98.2 98.1 -1.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 -0.1

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 98.7 98.6 -1.6 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1

Japan............................................ 100.000 96.7 96.9 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)...................... 100.000 98.8 98.4 – 0.0 -0.1 0.1 -0.4

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 88.3 87.9 -1.2 -0.1 -0.8 0.6 -0.5

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 97.4 97.3 -1.5 -0.1 -0.2 0.8 -0.1

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 182.1 178.0 -7.3 2.8 -4.8 0.3 -2.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: August 2018 to August 2019

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

July

20191

Index Percent change

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2018 to

Aug.

2019

Apr.

2019 to

May

2019

May

2019 to

June

2019

June

2019 to

July

2019

July

2019 to

Aug.

2019

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 103.6 103.2 0.8 -0.3 -0.2 0.5 -0.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 8.570 111.0 105.5 5.9 -2.1 -2.7 0.4 -5.0

Manufacturing................................ 90.332 103.2 103.3 0.6 -0.1 0.0 0.4 0.1

Canada.......................................... 100.000 105.2 104.4 0.5 -0.3 -0.2 0.5 -0.8

European Union............................... 100.000 105.2 105.0 1.6 -0.1 -0.6 0.8 -0.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 7.349 107.2 104.8 2.9 -2.3 -2.4 -1.1 -2.2

Manufacturing................................ 91.548 105.2 105.1 1.5 0.2 -0.4 0.9 -0.1

Germany........................................ 100.000 104.4 104.4 3.2 0.1 0.2 1.3 0.0

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 101.6 100.4 -3.2 -0.2 -1.9 0.8 -1.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 7.029 105.6 103.1 -2.5 -1.9 1.1 -0.3 -2.4

Manufacturing................................ 92.551 101.4 100.2 -3.2 0.0 -2.0 0.9 -1.2

Mexico........................................... 100.000 100.9 100.1 -2.5 -0.1 -1.3 0.6 -0.8

Nonmanufacturing........................... 6.059 98.1 95.2 -8.5 -1.8 0.5 -0.4 -3.0

Manufacturing................................ 93.453 101.1 100.4 -2.1 0.0 -1.4 0.7 -0.7

Pacific Rim4

.................................... 100.000 100.7 100.2 -0.2 -0.8 -0.1 0.8 -0.5

Nonmanufacturing........................... 14.783 103.0 99.8 3.2 -3.8 0.2 4.5 -3.1

Manufacturing................................ 83.393 100.9 100.8 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.3 -0.1

China............................................ 100.000 98.3 96.7 -3.1 -1.4 -0.2 0.2 -1.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 21.047 99.4 95.5 0.2 -4.6 0.3 2.3 -3.9

Manufacturing................................ 75.710 99.4 98.5 -2.3 -0.4 0.0 -0.3 -0.9

Japan............................................ 100.000 101.1 100.5 -0.3 -0.8 0.1 1.0 -0.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 19.379 107.1 102.1 1.9 -2.9 1.8 1.8 -4.7

Manufacturing................................ 79.432 99.5 99.8 -1.1 -0.2 -0.2 0.7 0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: August 2018 to August 20191

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2018 to

Aug.

2019

Apr.

2019 to

May

2019

May

2019 to

June

2019

June

2019 to

July

2019

July

2019 to

Aug.

2019

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 100.0 100.2 0.2 -0.5 1.5 0.3 0.2

Canada.................................................. 99.2 99.8 -0.7 -0.3 4.4 0.9 0.6

European Union...................................... 103.3 103.3 2.0 -0.4 0.0 0.6 0.0

Germany................................................ 106.9 106.9 2.8 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.0

Latin America3

........................................ 102.2 101.4 -0.9 -1.2 -0.6 1.0 -0.8

Mexico.................................................. 101.7 101.0 -1.9 -0.6 0.0 0.5 -0.7

Pacific Rim4

............................................ 100.9 100.5 0.9 -0.7 0.1 0.8 -0.4

China................................................... . 99.7 98.2 -1.5 -1.3 0.0 0.4 -1.5

Japan.................................................... 99.8 99.0 -0.5 -0.7 0.1 0.9 -0.8

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: August

2018 to August 2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

July

20191

Index Percent change

July

2019

Aug.

2019

Annual Monthly

Aug.

2018 to

Aug.

2019

Apr.

2019 to

May

2019

May

2019 to

June

2019

June

2019 to

July

2019

July

2019 to

Aug.

2019

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 174.5 173.2 -7.6 0.4 -0.1 -2.5 -0.7

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 26.953 144.2 145.7 -1.1 -1.1 0.1 -2.6 1.0

Asia.................................................. 59.805 163.2 160.4 -11.4 1.0 -0.1 -2.7 -1.7

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 166.3 164.3 0.4 0.2 -0.5 0.6 -1.2

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 31.846 152.5 151.6 2.4 0.9 -0.5 0.5 -0.6

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 163.9 160.4 -6.1 1.0 0.5 -2.5 -2.1

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 27.871 132.1 132.0 -2.7 -0.3 1.4 -4.3 -0.1

Asia.................................................. 57.103 152.5 146.8 -9.1 1.7 0.2 -2.1 -3.7

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 148.5 146.4 -1.9 0.3 0.0 2.6 -1.4

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 32.892 155.1 154.7 4.5 0.9 -0.3 0.4 -0.3

Asia.................................................. 45.638 146.5 141.0 -8.0 0.0 0.4 6.2 -3.8

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 167.4 153.6 -6.1 6.9 6.7 -9.9 -8.2

Europe............................................... 52.606 184.5 162.0 -7.8 8.0 7.3 -12.7 -12.2

Asia.................................................. 20.804 132.6 125.9 -5.4 9.9 9.7 -11.8 -5.1

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 7.443 168.1 160.3 1.8 -2.4 4.3 6.1 -4.6

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 159.3 154.4 -0.8 0.7 4.0 3.3 -3.1

Europe............................................... 29.070 207.7 184.1 -2.8 0.9 5.2 3.2 -11.4

Asia.................................................. 27.714 141.1 145.6 0.3 5.6 5.5 1.6 3.2

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 25.861 169.7 164.7 1.6 -5.3 4.9 6.7 -2.9

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

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17 

TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
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Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. 

Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.