U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – APRIL 2019 

U.S. import prices advanced 0.2 percent in April, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, after 

increasing 0.6 percent in March. The April advance was driven by higher fuel prices, which more than offset 

decreasing prices for nonfuel imports. Prices for U.S. exports rose 0.2 percent in April after a 0.6-percent 

rise in March. 

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: April 2018 – April 2019

Imports 

The price index for U.S. imports rose 0.2 percent in April, continuing the upward trend that began in 

January. The April rise followed a 0.6-percent advance in March and a 1.0-percent increase in February. 

Despite the recent monthly advances, import prices declined 0.2 percent for the 12-month period ended in 

April. The April year-over-year decrease was driven by lower nonfuel prices. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: The price index for fuel imports rose 2.5 percent in April, after increasing 6.9 percent in 

March and 10.2 percent in February. A 6.1-percent rise in petroleum prices drove the increase in fuel prices. 

Natural gas prices declined 53.7 percent in April, the largest decrease since the index was first published on 

a monthly basis in December 1994. Fuel prices rose 6.9 percent over the past 12 months. The price index for 

petroleum increased 7.0 percent for the year ended in April, and prices for natural gas declined 10.5 percent 

over the same period. The 12-month decrease in natural gas prices was the largest decline since the index 

fell 27.3 percent in June 2018. 

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Apr'18 May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr'19

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Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, May 14, 2019 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

USDL-19-0811
2

All Imports Excluding Fuel: The price index for nonfuel imports edged down 0.1 percent in April, after 

falling 0.2 percent in March. In April, falling prices for finished goods and nonfuel industrial supplies and 

materials more than offset an increase in prices for foods, feeds, and beverages. Nonfuel import prices 

declined 0.9 percent from April 2018 to April 2019, the largest 12-month drop since the index fell 0.9 

percent for the year ended August 2016. All of the major import categories except foods, feeds, and 

beverages contributed to the decrease in nonfuel prices over the past year. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices edged down 0.1 

percent in April after recording no change the previous month. The April decrease was driven by declining 

prices for building materials and chemicals which more than offset rising prices for unfinished metals. 

 

Finished Goods: Prices for imported finished goods were down in April. The price index for capital goods 

declined 0.4 percent, and consumer goods and automotive vehicles prices decreased 0.3 percent and 0.1 

percent, respectively. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: The price index for foods, feeds, and beverages rose 2.8 percent in April, the 

largest monthly advance since the index increased 3.1 percent in July 2016. The April advance was driven 

by higher prices for fruit, vegetables, and meat. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories 
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent change in the Export Price Index: April 2018 – April 2019 

Exports 

The price index for U.S. exports advanced 0.2 percent in April, after increasing 0.6 percent in March and 0.7 

percent in February. Rising prices for nonagricultural exports led the overall advance in April and more than 

offset a decline in prices for agricultural exports. U.S. export prices rose 0.3 percent over the 12-month 

period ended in April. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports decreased 1.5 percent in April following a 

1.0-percent advance in March. The April decline was driven by a 17.2-percent decrease in vegetable prices 

and a 6.8-percent decline in fruit prices. A 2.6-percent drop in corn prices also contributed to the overall 

decline in April. Prices for agricultural exports fell 2.8 percent over the past year. The 12-month decrease 

was led by a 14.1-percent drop in soybean prices. Lower prices for fruit, cotton, nuts, meat, and corn also 

contributed to the over-the-year decline in agricultural export prices. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Nonagricultural export prices rose 0.4 percent in April, after 

increasing 0.7 percent the previous month. Higher prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 

materials drove the increase in nonagricultural export prices, although rising prices for automotive vehicles 

also contributed. The price index for nonagricultural exports increased 0.7 percent over the past year.

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 

advanced 0.9 percent in April following a 1.9-percent rise the previous month. The April increase was led 

by a 3.6-percent rise in export prices for petroleum. The increase in prices for petroleum more than offset 

declining prices for natural gas, which fell 12.0 percent in April. 

Finished Goods: Export prices for finished goods were mostly flat in April. The price index for export 

automotive vehicles rose 0.2 percent, driven by higher prices for nonengine parts and accessories. The price 

index for capital goods recorded no change, after increasing 0.1 percent in March. Consumer goods prices 

recorded no change for the second consecutive month. 

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Apr'18 May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr'19

1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality 

Imports by Locality of Origin: Prices for imports from China declined 0.2 percent in April, after recording 

no change in March. Import prices from China decreased 1.1 percent over the past 12 months, the largest 

over-the-year drop since the index fell 1.1 percent in May 2017. The price index for imports from Japan 

edged down 0.1 percent in April, after advancing 0.1 percent in both March and February. Prices for imports 

from Japan recorded no change over the past year. The price index for imports from Canada advanced 1.3 

percent in April. Higher fuel prices drove the monthly rise. Import prices from the European Union 

increased 0.1 percent in April. Prices for imports from Mexico rose 1.1 percent in April, the largest monthly 

advance since the index increased 1.5 percent in September 2017. (See table 7.) 

Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China rose 0.6 percent in April, after increasing 

0.5 percent in March. Higher prices for nonmanufactured exports led the April advance. Despite the recent 

increases, export prices to China declined 2.7 percent over the past year. The price index for exports to 

Japan increased 1.0 percent in April, after rising 0.3 percent in March and 1.2 percent in February. Despite 

the recent monthly advances, prices for exports to Japan fell 0.6 percent over the past 12 months. In April, 

export prices to Canada declined 0.8 percent and export prices to Mexico decreased 0.4 percent. The price 

index for exports to the European Union advanced 0.7 percent in April, after recording a 0.2-percent rise in 

March and a 0.7-percent increase in February. (See table 8.) 

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 

the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade with China 

advanced 0.8 percent in April. The rise in the U.S. terms of trade with China was driven by the increase in 

export prices to China. U.S. terms of trade with Japan rose 1.0 percent in April, after advancing 0.2 percent 

and 1.1 percent the previous 2 months. The index for U.S. terms of trade with Mexico declined 1.5 percent 

in April, the largest monthly decrease since the index was first published in December 2017. U.S. terms of 

trade with Canada also declined in April, falling 2.1 percent. U.S. terms of trade with the European Union 

rose 0.7 percent in April, driven by higher export prices. (See table 9.) 

Import and Export Services 

Imports: Import air passenger fares declined 7.2 percent in April following decreases of 5.7 percent in 

March and 2.0 percent in February. The April decline was the largest monthly drop since the index fell 8.8 

percent in August 2018, and was led by an 11.5-percent decline in European fares. Overall import air 

passenger fares fell 10.6 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month decline since the index fell 11.6 

percent for the year ended October 2009. The price index for import air freight rose 0.7 percent in April. 

Import air freight prices decreased 7.8 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year drop since 

the index declined 9.5 percent in July 2016. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares decreased 1.4 percent in April. A 5.0-percent decline in Asian fares and 

a 3.2-percent fall in European fares more than offset higher Latin American/Caribbean fares. The index for 

export air passenger fares fell 3.5 percent over the past year. Export air freight prices dropped 0.4 percent in 

April and rose 1.2 percent over the past 12 months. 

 

Import and Export Price Index data for May are scheduled for release on Thursday, June 13, 2019 at 8:30 a.m. 

(EDT). 
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2018 to April

2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Mar.

20191

Index Percent change

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2018 to

Apr.

2019

Dec.

2018 to

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2019 to

Apr.

2019

All commodities................................... 100.000 126.6 126.9 -0.2 0.2 1.0 0.6 0.2

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 83.233 99.8 99.5 -1.1 -0.3 0.2 -0.2 -0.3

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 89.928 113.4 112.7 -1.0 -0.6 0.2 0.2 -0.6

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 89.188 116.9 116.8 -0.9 -0.3 0.1 -0.2 -0.1

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 5.955 179.2 184.3 1.2 -0.4 0.0 -0.2 2.8

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 4.617 195.6 202.7 1.7 -0.6 0.0 -0.7 3.6

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.338 142.5 142.7 -0.5 0.4 0.1 1.4 0.1

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 24.802 193.2 195.1 1.4 1.4 4.2 2.9 1.0

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 15.012 160.4 155.1 -2.6 -2.6 0.8 1.8 -3.3

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 13.992 177.1 177.0 -2.3 -0.7 0.3 0.0 -0.1

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 8.790 167.8 167.7 -2.7 -0.7 0.5 0.5 -0.1

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 5.940 151.0 139.7 -2.2 -5.1 1.0 3.5 -7.5

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 10.812 220.6 226.1 6.9 4.6 10.2 6.9 2.5

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 10.072 233.1 247.3 7.0 7.8 10.2 5.3 6.1

Crude........................................ 10000 7.331 242.9 261.1 7.2 12.8 14.3 5.7 7.5

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.740 170.8 90.1 -12.3 -30.1 10.7 34.1 -47.2

Gas-natural.................................. 10110 0.645 161.3 74.7 -10.5 -33.9 12.9 41.0 -53.7

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.588 124.5 123.8 6.4 0.0 0.1 -0.4 -0.6

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 4.613 159.6 159.6 -2.6 -0.9 -0.2 -0.7 0.0

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.499 145.0 143.0 -10.1 -0.6 1.2 -0.2 -1.4

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 3.781 235.1 236.7 -1.4 -1.3 1.2 1.2 0.7

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 1.769 159.1 159.0 -1.7 -0.2 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.742 113.6 113.0 0.9 0.0 -0.4 0.1 -0.5

Capital goods................................... 2 27.785 89.0 88.6 -1.2 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.4

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.361 118.2 118.4 0.5 0.1 -0.1 0.2 0.2

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 22.160 81.3 80.8 -1.7 0.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.6

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 2.263 135.8 135.9 0.2 0.8 0.1 -0.1 0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 15.582 110.0 109.9 -0.6 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 25.876 107.1 106.8 -0.6 -0.3 0.3 -0.3 -0.3

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 12.303 123.4 123.2 0.8 -0.1 0.3 -0.1 -0.2

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 12.320 91.9 91.5 -1.9 -0.5 0.0 -0.1 -0.4

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 1.252 117.0 116.5 -0.1 -0.6 2.6 -2.6 -0.4

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2018 to April

2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Mar.

20191

Index Percent change

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2018 to

Apr.

2019

Dec.

2018 to

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2019 to

Apr.

2019

All commodities................................... 100.000 127.0 127.3 0.3 -0.6 0.7 0.6 0.2

Agricultural commodities....................... 9.645 180.8 178.0 -2.8 -2.1 0.2 1.0 -1.5

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 80.053 101.7 101.8 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 90.355 122.9 123.4 0.7 -0.4 0.7 0.7 0.4

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 8.963 184.1 180.7 -2.3 -1.9 0.2 1.2 -1.8

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 8.331 182.1 178.7 -2.2 -2.1 0.1 1.2 -1.9

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.632 223.1 218.7 -2.9 0.5 1.7 1.2 -2.0

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 32.661 158.6 160.1 0.1 -1.7 1.6 1.8 0.9

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.258 165.9 166.9 -0.8 0.4 0.9 0.7 0.6

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 22.403 155.4 157.2 0.6 -2.7 2.0 2.2 1.2

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.284 178.3 179.1 -6.4 -2.1 0.8 -0.5 0.4

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 31.378 158.0 159.5 0.4 -1.7 1.6 1.9 0.9

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 10.984 191.5 196.4 3.3 -4.4 4.3 5.1 2.6

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 19.404 158.7 158.8 -1.3 -0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1

Selected building materials.................. 13 0.989 121.9 123.2 -0.6 1.1 0.4 -0.5 1.1

Capital goods................................... 2 35.835 110.7 110.7 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.739 117.7 117.9 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 23.493 95.0 94.8 0.0 0.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.2

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 8.603 180.9 182.1 3.6 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.7

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 10.140 114.7 114.9 0.6 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.2

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 12.400 110.0 110.0 0.1 -0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 5.854 107.1 107.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 -0.1 0.1

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 5.112 107.2 107.1 -0.3 -0.7 0.2 0.2 -0.1

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec.

2018=100)................................... 42 1.435 99.6 99.6 – 0.0 0.0 -0.4 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: April 2018 to April 2019

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Mar.

20191

Index Percent change

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2018 to

Apr.

2019

Dec.

2018 to

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2019 to

Apr.

2019

Nonmanufacturing................................ 10.108 118.4 123.8 8.6 6.6 10.9 5.1 4.6

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 1.906 179.6 190.6 3.0 -1.6 1.4 -2.4 6.1

Crop production............................... 111 1.520 189.9 204.4 4.2 -2.4 1.6 -4.1 7.6

Mining............................................ 21 8.202 112.4 117.2 10.0 9.3 13.6 6.9 4.3

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 7.952 112.3 117.2 9.9 9.7 14.1 7.0 4.4

Manufacturing..................................... 89.575 111.6 111.4 -0.8 -0.3 0.2 0.0 -0.2

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.108 125.1 125.5 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 3.373 155.8 156.9 -0.8 -0.1 0.2 0.6 0.7

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.108 122.1 124.2 2.5 -0.2 0.2 -0.1 1.7

Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)............... 313 0.364 99.9 100.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.3 0.6

Textile product mills.......................... 314 0.925 108.8 108.7 -0.9 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.714 112.1 112.0 0.6 0.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.623 123.4 123.0 0.2 0.2 -0.2 -0.4 -0.3

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 17.452 126.5 126.4 -0.2 -0.7 0.6 0.3 -0.1

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.063 115.9 115.6 5.7 -0.1 0.2 -0.5 -0.3

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 2.509 98.9 101.2 6.3 -1.9 1.0 4.7 2.3

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 9.555 139.8 139.3 -0.7 -0.6 0.5 -0.4 -0.4

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.252 119.2 119.1 -0.4 -0.5 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 1.026 130.9 131.1 0.6 -0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.2

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 61.014 104.2 103.9 -1.1 -0.2 0.1 -0.1 -0.3

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.384 157.2 158.5 -0.1 -0.7 1.3 0.7 0.8

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.095 126.7 126.6 -1.1 -0.2 -0.2 0.2 -0.1

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 7.248 118.9 118.9 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 17.415 73.9 73.1 -3.3 -0.5 -0.1 -0.1 -1.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 5.086 116.7 116.7 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 16.569 109.3 109.1 -0.5 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.2

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 1.866 117.4 117.4 0.7 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 0.0

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.352 118.5 118.4 -0.4 -0.1 0.2 -0.5 -0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: April 2018 to April 2019

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Mar.

20191

Index Percent change

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2018 to

Apr.

2019

Dec.

2018 to

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2019 to

Apr.

2019

Nonmanufacturing................................ 9.405 138.9 138.2 -1.2 -4.9 1.6 2.2 -0.5

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 4.890 155.0 151.2 -6.4 -3.7 0.6 1.2 -2.5

Crop production............................... 111 4.538 161.9 157.8 -5.6 -4.0 0.4 1.1 -2.5

Mining............................................ 21 4.514 91.0 92.5 6.3 -6.2 2.8 3.2 1.6

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.359 119.9 121.4 7.6 0.9 0.8 0.6 1.3

Manufacturing..................................... 89.350 117.0 117.4 0.8 0.0 0.6 0.4 0.3

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.735 140.7 140.5 -0.4 0.0 0.1 0.3 -0.1

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.577 157.8 157.5 -0.9 0.1 0.0 0.6 -0.2

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.659 124.0 123.9 0.9 -0.4 0.2 -1.3 -0.1

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 25.312 116.4 117.3 0.5 -0.9 1.5 1.6 0.8

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.534 100.7 100.8 -3.3 1.0 0.7 -2.4 0.1

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.744 130.2 127.5 -0.9 -2.9 0.8 -0.7 -2.1

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 6.359 112.8 116.5 2.0 -2.9 5.5 6.8 3.3

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 13.356 119.2 119.4 0.1 0.0 0.3 -0.1 0.2

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.256 116.4 116.7 1.5 0.1 0.5 -0.1 0.3

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.839 117.6 117.9 0.9 0.0 -0.1 0.9 0.3

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 57.303 114.9 115.1 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.2

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.013 146.9 147.9 0.3 0.9 1.2 0.2 0.7

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 2.936 146.1 146.6 4.6 1.6 0.0 0.5 0.3

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 9.478 129.6 129.8 2.0 0.4 0.7 0.0 0.2

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 13.839 82.6 82.3 -1.2 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.4

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.789 118.1 118.2 1.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 17.537 128.6 129.1 1.9 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.4

Furniture and related product

manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100).......... 337 0.390 121.2 122.3 3.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.9

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.320 120.0 120.0 0.0 -0.6 0.2 -0.2 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2018 to April

2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Mar.

20191

Index Percent change

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2018 to

Apr.

2019

Dec.

2018 to

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2019 to

Apr.

2019

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.399 198.2 201.0 1.8 0.2 0.8 2.5 1.4

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.370 258.6 273.5 9.6 1.6 1.9 2.3 5.8

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.742 142.8 142.2 -1.4 -0.1 -0.1 3.2 -0.4

Vegetable products............................... II 1.843 209.9 225.0 4.2 -2.4 1.7 -3.5 7.2

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.480 520.1 586.1 35.0 -14.7 2.8 0.2 12.7

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.608 113.0 126.9 -1.6 9.0 -2.0 -5.8 12.3

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.318 199.9 199.9 -7.4 -1.4 -1.5 -0.8 0.0

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.238 90.5 88.1 -18.5 1.4 -0.8 -0.9 -2.7

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 2.814 165.5 166.3 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.5

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.221 96.8 97.3 -4.0 -1.0 0.1 0.9 0.5

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or

other parts of plants.......................... 20 0.363 172.2 168.8 0.2 -0.3 -0.2 -0.6 -2.0

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.063 132.3 134.4 2.3 -0.2 0.2 -0.1 1.6

Mineral products.................................. V 10.829 221.4 226.0 7.0 4.6 10.1 7.0 2.1

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 10.519 218.7 223.5 6.9 4.7 10.4 7.0 2.2

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 8.890 157.5 157.4 -0.2 -0.8 0.8 -0.5 -0.1

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.561 320.9 330.3 4.7 -6.4 2.9 -3.3 2.9

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.017 127.2 128.2 -3.2 -0.7 0.0 -0.4 0.8

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 4.332 152.9 152.6 0.9 -0.6 1.3 -0.1 -0.2

Fertilizers (Dec. 2009=100).................... 31 0.292 88.9 81.1 1.4 -0.2 -0.4 -2.0 -8.8

Essential oils and resinoids (Dec.

2016=100)..................................... 33 0.595 102.9 102.8 -0.9 -0.2 -0.1 0.2 -0.1

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.584 103.8 103.5 -3.5 0.9 -0.6 -1.6 -0.3

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 3.453 140.5 140.4 -0.5 -0.1 -0.5 0.1 -0.1

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.319 143.9 143.6 0.2 -0.4 -0.5 -0.1 -0.2

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.134 135.8 136.2 -1.7 0.4 -0.4 0.4 0.3

Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel

goods, etc....................................... VIII 0.618 125.3 124.7 0.2 0.4 -0.2 0.0 -0.5

Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc.

of various materials........................... 42 0.589 131.7 131.1 0.8 0.5 -0.2 0.0 -0.5

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw,

basketware and wickerwork................. IX 0.866 149.2 145.1 -16.8 -1.0 1.7 -0.5 -2.7

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.111 122.1 121.8 5.4 0.2 0.1 -0.7 -0.2

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.733 111.8 111.4 4.4 -0.2 0.3 -0.2 -0.4

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 4.839 114.4 114.4 0.0 0.2 0.0 -0.3 0.0

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

knitted or crocheted.......................... 61 1.961 104.8 104.7 0.7 0.5 -0.3 0.0 -0.1

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.625 120.4 120.2 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.2

Made-up or worn textile articles............... 63 0.645 103.7 103.7 -0.5 0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2018 to April

2019 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Mar.

20191

Index Percent change

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2018 to

Apr.

2019

Dec.

2018 to

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2019 to

Apr.

2019

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.347 122.3 122.1 0.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.5 -0.2

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 1.119 121.3 121.0 0.2 0.2 -0.2 -0.6 -0.2

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.939 131.9 132.0 -0.1 -0.2 0.4 0.0 0.1

Ceramic products................................ 69 0.265 135.9 136.2 0.8 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 2.710 179.0 177.9 1.9 2.5 0.7 0.5 -0.6

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 5.882 177.9 178.9 -1.4 -1.3 0.4 0.4 0.6

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.346 219.5 222.7 -2.3 -2.7 -1.4 0.2 1.5

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.722 151.3 151.6 -0.7 0.0 -0.1 0.5 0.2

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.463 294.7 294.7 -0.2 -2.8 4.1 2.0 0.0

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 1.009 133.5 134.5 -1.8 -1.7 0.4 0.2 0.7

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.439 124.0 124.0 0.9 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.517 137.2 136.2 -0.9 0.3 -0.2 -0.1 -0.7

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 29.936 79.8 79.4 -1.7 -0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0.5

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 14.923 86.3 85.8 -1.5 0.0 0.0 -0.3 -0.6

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 15.013 73.8 73.5 -1.9 -0.4 -0.1 0.0 -0.4

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.820 113.8 113.6 -0.8 -0.3 -0.1 0.0 -0.2

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 12.646 112.8 112.6 -0.7 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.2

Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec.

2002=100)..................................... 88 1.066 114.6 114.6 -1.5 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 0.0

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 3.962 102.0 101.7 -1.5 -0.5 0.3 -0.2 -0.3

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.696 98.6 98.3 -1.5 -0.6 0.3 -0.1 -0.3

Clocks and watches and parts thereof. . . . . .. 91 0.206 141.4 141.5 -2.7 0.4 0.1 -0.6 0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.427 112.7 112.3 0.4 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 -0.4

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.781 118.7 118.4 0.5 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.3

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.376 102.6 102.3 0.2 -0.8 -0.1 0.0 -0.3

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.270 129.6 128.8 0.2 -0.4 0.1 -0.1 -0.6

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2018 to April

2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Mar.

20191

Index Percent change

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2018 to

Apr.

2019

Dec.

2018 to

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2019 to

Apr.

2019

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.938 212.5 211.5 0.0 0.1 0.5 1.5 -0.5

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.119 162.7 163.5 -2.3 -0.1 0.2 0.7 0.5

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100).............. 03 0.417 124.1 121.1 -3.0 0.9 1.2 1.9 -2.4

Vegetable products............................... II 4.581 200.6 193.0 -4.5 -4.7 0.0 2.0 -3.8

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.986 138.9 134.1 -9.1 3.8 -0.1 -1.8 -3.5

Cereals............................................ 10 1.355 192.5 189.2 -4.3 – – -2.8 -1.7

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 1.688 189.3 188.7 -11.6 – – -1.0 -0.3

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 2.986 153.3 153.5 0.5 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.1

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.561 97.9 97.6 0.3 0.0 0.9 1.9 -0.3

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.525 106.2 106.5 -2.7 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.3

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.712 221.3 222.5 -1.1 1.1 -0.1 -1.9 0.5

Mineral products.................................. V 11.069 230.4 236.6 3.3 -4.4 4.4 5.2 2.7

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.416 100.9 102.5 -7.4 -1.1 2.6 2.5 1.6

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 10.456 221.8 228.0 3.9 -4.6 4.6 5.4 2.8

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 10.885 139.2 139.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 -0.3 0.1

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.733 149.1 149.7 -10.8 0.6 3.9 -0.8 0.4

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.654 147.5 147.0 2.7 1.5 -0.7 -0.5 -0.3

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 2.988 105.5 105.6 -1.9 -1.1 0.8 -0.1 0.1

Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints

varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100). . .. 32 0.523 100.3 102.2 0.6 0.6 0.2 -1.6 1.9

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.859 133.3 132.6 0.9 0.5 1.5 -0.1 -0.5

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.484 123.3 124.4 4.0 0.7 -0.1 0.4 0.9

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 1.969 157.1 158.3 3.9 -0.1 0.3 0.4 0.8

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 5.195 144.3 144.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.1

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 4.321 141.4 141.5 0.6 -0.1 -0.1 0.7 0.1

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.874 154.7 154.6 -2.0 0.1 0.6 -1.0 -0.1

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.640 99.2 99.4 -6.4 0.6 0.5 -0.9 0.2

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.942 128.7 126.3 -3.1 -3.4 -0.6 -1.0 -1.9

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 1.098 128.3 126.6 -0.5 -2.2 0.2 -0.1 -1.3

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 1.747 123.3 124.2 -1.0 -1.6 0.5 -0.2 0.7

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.511 126.3 129.2 -8.7 -5.4 1.8 0.0 2.3

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.811 127.0 127.0 2.3 1.0 0.0 0.9 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 4.167 243.7 244.0 1.5 1.6 1.3 0.0 0.1

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.746 161.4 162.9 -0.6 -0.3 0.4 0.9 0.9

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2018 to April

2019 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Mar.

20191

Index Percent change

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2018 to

Apr.

2019

Dec.

2018 to

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2019 to

Apr.

2019

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.509 191.2 192.9 -4.0 -3.3 3.9 3.5 0.9

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.715 106.4 108.9 -9.6 -0.4 -2.8 1.4 2.3

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.335 155.1 155.1 2.0 0.1 0.0 1.4 0.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 27.970 98.1 98.0 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.0 -0.1

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 16.260 116.5 116.4 1.2 0.5 0.3 0.1 -0.1

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 11.710 78.4 78.4 0.1 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.602 136.6 137.1 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.4

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 8.267 116.4 116.8 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 5.794 108.9 108.9 -0.4 -0.3 0.3 -0.1 0.0

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.366 112.9 113.0 0.6 -0.2 0.4 0.0 0.1

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi;......................... 94 0.759 130.5 131.0 1.6 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.4

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.452 88.5 88.5 1.0 0.2 1.0 0.1 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: April 2018 to April 2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Mar.

20191

Index Percent change

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2018 to

Apr.

2019

Dec.

2018 to

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2019 to

Apr.

2019

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 127.8 128.1 2.7 2.8 2.8 1.2 0.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 11.696 198.8 205.0 33.4 42.9 25.1 9.2 3.1

Manufacturing................................ 87.684 121.2 121.0 -0.6 0.1 0.6 0.2 -0.2

Canada.......................................... 100.000 143.7 145.6 9.4 8.5 7.6 3.0 1.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 31.395 195.0 201.6 37.8 49.5 27.2 9.7 3.4

Manufacturing................................ 67.677 131.2 131.7 -1.0 -0.6 1.1 0.3 0.4

European Union............................... 100.000 137.3 137.4 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1

Manufacturing................................ 98.677 133.6 133.7 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 128.0 128.3 -0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.2

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 112.7 112.3 -0.1 0.4 0.1 0.3 -0.4

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 121.3 122.0 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.7 0.6

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 147.7 149.1 -1.1 -1.1 1.2 -0.2 0.9

Nonmanufacturing........................... 16.547 254.9 273.1 3.1 -1.8 5.7 -0.5 7.1

Manufacturing................................ 83.173 121.0 120.7 -1.9 -0.9 0.4 -0.2 -0.2

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 127.5 128.9 0.2 -1.3 0.5 -0.1 1.1

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 8.387 137.7 159.6 19.8 -9.0 3.1 2.5 15.9

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 91.349 87.6 87.4 -1.6 -0.6 0.2 -0.3 -0.2

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4

............... 100.000 98.7 98.6 -0.6 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.1

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 99.5 99.3 -1.1 -0.3 -0.1 0.0 -0.2

Japan............................................ 100.000 96.7 96.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.1

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)...................... 100.000 99.5 98.8 – -0.1 -0.5 0.1 -0.7

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 88.5 88.7 -0.6 -0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 97.1 97.0 -1.7 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 180.5 189.0 4.1 -2.7 0.5 4.2 4.7

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: April 2018 to April 2019

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Mar.

20191

Index Percent change

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2018 to

Apr.

2019

Dec.

2018 to

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2019 to

Apr.

2019

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 103.9 103.6 1.6 -1.2 0.9 0.9 -0.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 9.331 121.2 117.4 21.3 -11.8 4.4 8.6 -3.1

Manufacturing................................ 89.606 102.7 102.7 0.3 -0.1 0.6 0.1 0.0

Canada.......................................... 100.000 105.9 105.1 2.1 -2.9 0.4 1.4 -0.8

European Union............................... 100.000 104.5 105.2 1.9 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 7.604 110.2 116.2 10.9 0.6 1.9 2.5 5.4

Manufacturing................................ 91.317 104.2 104.5 1.3 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.3

Germany........................................ 100.000 101.9 102.5 0.2 0.9 -0.2 -0.1 0.6

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 102.9 102.9 0.9 -1.2 0.9 1.5 0.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 7.083 107.8 106.4 4.2 -7.7 0.4 0.7 -1.3

Manufacturing................................ 92.505 102.6 102.7 0.7 -0.7 0.9 1.6 0.1

Mexico........................................... 100.000 102.2 101.8 0.4 -1.3 0.5 1.4 -0.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 6.331 103.7 99.8 -1.5 -11.5 -0.2 1.7 -3.8

Manufacturing................................ 93.189 102.0 101.9 0.5 -0.6 0.6 1.3 -0.1

Pacific Rim4

.................................... 100.000 100.6 100.9 -0.7 -0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 14.222 98.9 102.9 -1.1 0.3 1.8 1.2 4.0

Manufacturing................................ 83.735 101.1 100.9 -0.4 -0.3 0.5 0.0 -0.2

China............................................ 100.000 99.1 99.7 -2.7 -0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 20.342 96.9 101.2 -3.8 -0.8 2.3 1.0 4.4

Manufacturing................................ 75.860 100.5 100.2 -1.7 -0.3 0.7 0.4 -0.3

Japan............................................ 100.000 100.3 101.3 -0.6 -1.4 1.2 0.3 1.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 18.876 103.4 107.6 0.7 -1.3 3.2 1.5 4.1

Manufacturing................................ 79.998 99.3 99.5 -1.4 -1.5 0.6 0.0 0.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: April 2018 to April 20191

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2018 to

Apr.

2019

Dec.

2018 to

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2019 to

Apr.

2019

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 99.5 99.0 -1.1 -3.8 -1.9 -0.3 -0.5

Canada.................................................. 96.8 94.8 -6.7 -10.5 -6.7 -1.5 -2.1

European Union...................................... 102.4 103.1 1.9 0.2 0.4 -0.1 0.7

Germany................................................ 104.1 105.1 0.3 0.5 -0.2 -0.4 1.0

Latin America3

........................................ 103.7 102.8 2.1 -0.1 -0.4 1.7 -0.9

Mexico.................................................. 103.4 101.9 0.3 0.1 0.0 1.5 -1.5

Pacific Rim4

............................................ 100.3 100.7 -0.1 -0.1 0.5 0.3 0.4

China................................................... . 99.7 100.5 -1.7 -0.3 0.8 0.5 0.8

Japan.................................................... 99.1 100.1 -0.6 -1.4 1.1 0.2 1.0

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: April 2018

to April 2019

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Mar.

20191

Index Percent change

Mar.

2019

Apr.

2019

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2018 to

Apr.

2019

Dec.

2018 to

Jan.

2019

Jan.

2019 to

Feb.

2019

Feb.

2019 to

Mar.

2019

Mar.

2019 to

Apr.

2019

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 175.3 176.6 -7.8 -1.0 -6.1 0.1 0.7

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 27.781 149.3 149.0 -2.2 2.4 -1.4 -0.1 -0.2

Asia.................................................. 59.048 161.8 163.9 -11.4 -2.6 -9.5 0.6 1.3

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 165.5 164.9 1.2 -0.1 0.4 0.1 -0.4

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 31.427 149.8 149.1 0.9 2.4 -1.4 -0.3 -0.5

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 167.0 164.8 -4.8 0.2 -4.4 0.4 -1.3

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 28.569 137.9 136.2 -1.5 4.4 -2.4 -0.1 -1.2

Asia.................................................. 56.404 153.5 151.6 -7.1 -2.1 -6.5 0.9 -1.2

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 144.8 143.3 0.8 -1.2 0.2 0.2 -1.0

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 32.841 151.0 150.4 1.6 2.1 -0.9 0.2 -0.4

Asia.................................................. 44.899 140.5 137.5 0.3 -4.3 1.4 0.0 -2.1

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 175.4 162.7 -10.6 -3.8 -2.0 -5.7 -7.2

Europe............................................... 56.058 206.0 182.3 -14.7 4.2 -1.7 -8.5 -11.5

Asia.................................................. 18.657 124.6 124.7 -5.1 -12.3 -9.0 -0.7 0.1

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 6.530 154.5 155.5 -6.9 -16.7 4.9 -0.6 0.6

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 149.2 147.1 -3.5 7.0 -8.9 1.6 -1.4

Europe............................................... 29.262 195.8 189.6 -5.2 -2.7 -2.4 0.8 -3.2

Asia.................................................. 27.521 131.2 124.7 0.0 12.5 -13.6 1.2 -5.0

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 25.169 154.7 160.1 -3.3 14.6 -11.6 3.2 3.5

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2017 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

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TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
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Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. 

Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.