U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – APRIL 2021 

U.S. import prices advanced 0.7 percent in April following a 1.4-percent increase in March, the U.S. Bureau 

of Labor Statistics reported today. Higher prices for fuel and nonfuel imports contributed to both the April 

and March advances. Prices for U.S. exports increased 0.8 percent in April, after rising 2.4 percent the 

previous month. 

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: April 2020 – April 2021

Imports 

The price index for U.S. imports continued to rise in April, advancing 0.7 percent. The April increase 

followed advances of 1.4 percent in March, 1.2 percent in February, and 1.5 percent in January. In April, a 

0.7-percent rise in nonfuel import prices and a 0.5-percent increase in fuel prices both contributed to the 

overall advance. U.S. import prices rose 10.6 percent from April 2020 to April 2021, the largest over-theyear increase for the index since an 11.1-percent advance for the year ended October 2011. (See table 1.) 

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on April 2021 Import and Export Price Index Data

The Bureau of Labor Statistics did not make changes to either the collection method or estimation 

methodology for the April 2021 release of U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes. Survey response rates for 

April 2021 were 2.3-percentage points lower than those in April 2020. Additional information is available at 

www.bls.gov/covid19/import-export-price-indexes-covid19-impacts-april-2021.htm. 

-2.6

0.7 1.3 1.2 0.9

0.2 -0.1 0.1 1.0

1.5 1.2 1.4 0.7

-6.8 -6.3

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-1.4 -1.3 -1.0 -1.0 -0.3

1.0

3.0

7.0

10.6

-9.0

-7.0

-5.0

-3.0

-1.0

1.0

3.0

5.0

7.0

9.0

11.0

13.0

Apr'20 May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr'21

1-month percent change 12-month percent change

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, May 14, 2021 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

USDL-21-0860
2

Fuel Imports: Prices for import fuel rose 0.5 percent in April, after increasing 7.5 percent in March, 11.0 

percent in February, and 9.0 percent in January. In April, increasing petroleum prices more than offset 

decreasing natural gas prices. The price index for import petroleum rose 1.2 percent in April following an 

8.4-percent increase the previous month. Prices for import natural gas declined 12.1 percent in April, after a 

4.8-percent drop in March. The April decrease was the largest decline since the index fell 14.7 percent in 

October 2020. Import fuel prices advanced 126.5 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month increase

for the index since a 145.1-percent rise for the year ended in February 2000. Prices for petroleum and 

natural gas also advanced for the year ended in April, rising 133.7 percent and 59.6 percent, respectively. 

 

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Import prices excluding fuel increased 0.7 percent in April following a 0.9-

percent advance the previous month. Higher prices for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials; foods, 

feeds, and beverages; capital goods; and automotive vehicles all contributed to the April rise in nonfuel 

import prices. Prices for nonfuel imports advanced 5.0 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-theyear increase since the index rose 5.4 percent in September 2011. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials 

advanced 2.4 percent in April, after increasing 4.0 percent in March. The April rise was driven by higher 

prices for building materials, chemicals, and unfinished metals. 

Finished Goods: Prices for most of the major finished goods categories advanced in April. Capital goods 

prices increased 0.3 percent, the largest advance since the index rose 0.3 percent in February 2018. Prices 

for automotive vehicles increased 0.2 percent in April following 0.1-percent advances the previous 2 

months. Consumer goods prices recorded no change in April. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Foods, feeds, and beverages prices rose 2.0 percent in April, after increasing 

2.1 percent the previous month. The April advance was led by higher fruit and meat prices. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Export Price Index: April 2020 – April 2021 

Exports 

U.S. export prices rose 0.8 percent in April, after increasing 2.4 percent in March, 1.6 percent in February, 

and 2.7 percent in January. The price index for U.S. exports has not recorded a monthly decline since a 3.5-

percent drop in April 2020. A 0.9-percent advance in nonagricultural prices and a 0.6-percent rise in 

agricultural prices both contributed to the April increase in U.S. export prices. Prices for U.S. exports rose 

14.4 percent for the year ended in April, the largest 12-month increase since the index was first published in 

September 1983. (See table 2.) 

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports advanced 0.6 percent in April following 

rises of 2.4 percent in March, 2.7 percent in February, and 6.0 percent in January. In April, higher prices for 

other animal feeds, meat, dairy products, and vegetables more than offset lower prices for wheat, nuts, fruit, 

and cotton. Agricultural export prices increased 25.2 percent for the year ended in April, the largest 12-

month advance since the index rose 26.4 percent in July 2011. Higher prices for soybeans, corn, cotton, 

fruit, vegetables, and meat primarily drove the increase in agricultural exports over the past 12 months. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports advanced 0.9 percent in April, after 

increases of 2.4 percent, 1.5 percent, and 2.3 percent the previous 3 months. The rise in April was led by 

higher prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials, capital goods, and automotive vehicles 

which more than offset lower prices for consumer goods. Nonagricultural prices advanced 13.1 percent from 

April 2020 to April 2021, the largest over-the-year increase since the index was first published in March 

1985. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 

rose 1.8 percent in April following a 6.0-percent advance the previous month. The April increase was driven 

by a 6.9-percent rise in chemical prices which more than offset a 1.9-percent drop in fuel prices. 

Finished Goods: Prices for the major finished goods categories were mostly up in April. Capital goods 

prices advanced 0.3 percent in April, after increasing 0.2 percent in March. The April rise was led by higher 

prices for industrial and service machinery and computers, peripherals, and semiconductors. The price index 

for automotive vehicles advanced 0.2 percent in April following a 0.1-percent increase the previous month. 

In contrast, consumer goods prices edged down 0.1 percent in April. 

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1.0 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.8 1.2

2.7

1.6 2.4

0.8

-7.0 -6.7

-4.5 -3.7 -2.7 -1.8 -1.7 -1.0

0.4 2.5

5.4 9.5

14.4

-10.0

-8.0

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

Apr'20 May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr'21

1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China rose 0.4 percent in April, after advancing 1.5 

percent from November to March. Prices for imports from China increased 2.1 percent for the year ended in 

April, the largest 12-month advance since a 2.6-percent rise in March 2012. The price index for imports 

from Japan advanced 0.4 percent in April following a 0.3-percent increase the previous month. The April 

rise was the largest 1-month advance since the index rose 0.5 percent in January 2018. Import prices from 

Japan increased 1.7 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year advance since a 1.9-percent 

rise in January 2012. Prices for imports from Canada increased 1.1 percent in April and import prices from 

Mexico advanced 0.7 percent. The April rises followed advances in March of 4.4 percent for import prices 

from Canada and 0.9 percent for import prices from Mexico. The price index for imports from the European 

Union also rose in April, ticking up 0.1 percent. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China advanced 0.6 percent in April, after 

increasing 3.8 percent in March. Export prices to China advanced 16.0 percent from April 2020 to April 

2021, the largest 12-month increase since the index was first published in December 2017. The price index 

for exports to Japan ticked up 0.1 percent in April following increases of 1.3 percent in March, 1.6 percent 

in February, and 2.2 percent in January. Prices for exports to Japan rose 15.2 percent over the past 12 

months, the largest over-the-year advance since the index was first published in December 2017. Export 

prices to Canada and Mexico also increased in April, rising 1.3 percent and 2.5 percent, respectively. The 

price index for exports to the European Union advanced 0.2 percent in April, after increasing 1.1 percent the 

previous month. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 

the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China rose 0.2 

percent in April following a 3.4-percent advance the previous month. In April, increasing export prices to 

China more than offset rising import prices from China. The index for U.S. terms of trade with China 

advanced 13.6 percent from April 2020 to April 2021, the largest 12-month increase since the index was 

first published in December 2017. In contrast, U.S. terms of trade with Japan declined 0.4 percent in April, 

the first monthly decrease since the index fell 3.4 percent in April 2020. The index for U.S. terms of trade 

with Canada rose 0.2 percent in April, after falling 2.8 percent in March. In April, U.S. terms of trade 

advanced 1.8 percent with Mexico and 0.1 percent with the European Union. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: The index for import air passenger fares advanced 0.9 percent in April, after decreasing 3.6 

percent in March. In April, higher European and Latin American/Caribbean fares more than offset falling 

Asian fares. Import air passenger fares rose 8.0 percent over the past year, the first 12-month increase since 

the index advanced 1.2 percent in January 2019. Import air freight prices increased 8.3 percent in April 

following a 1.9-percent drop in March. The April advance was the largest rise since a 9.8-percent increase in 

November 2020, and import air freight prices rose 28.0 percent over the past 12 months. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares rose 0.2 percent in April, after declining 1.5 percent in March and 4.7 

percent in February. The index for export air passenger fares increased 26.9 percent over the past 12 

months, the largest over-the-year advance since a 30.5-percent rise in July 2010. Prices for export air freight 

fell 2.8 percent in April. Despite the decrease, export air freight prices increased 0.6 percent over the past 

year. 

 

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for May are scheduled for release on Wednesday, June 16, 2021 at 

8:30 a.m. (ET).
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2020 to April

2021

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Mar.

20211

Index Percent change

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2020 to

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2020 to

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2021 to

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2021 to

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2021 to

Apr.

2021

All commodities................................... 100.000 129.8 130.7 10.6 1.5 1.2 1.4 0.7

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 84.828 102.9 103.5 4.9 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.6

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 91.842 116.6 117.4 5.3 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.7

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 91.215 120.6 121.4 5.0 0.9 0.4 0.9 0.7

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 6.388 185.6 189.3 7.5 1.8 1.3 2.1 2.0

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 4.995 202.2 205.8 8.1 1.8 1.6 2.3 1.8

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.393 148.2 152.3 5.0 1.7 0.3 1.5 2.8

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 23.993 212.1 215.8 50.7 5.8 4.7 5.2 1.7

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 16.047 185.2 188.7 26.0 4.0 2.0 3.6 1.9

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 15.286 208.5 213.6 25.5 4.3 1.5 4.0 2.4

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.122 212.7 218.0 33.1 5.7 1.3 4.6 2.5

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 5.713 150.8 152.3 15.2 1.3 3.3 1.8 1.0

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 8.785 220.5 221.5 126.5 9.0 11.0 7.5 0.5

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 8.158 236.3 239.1 133.7 9.9 10.8 8.4 1.2

Crude........................................ 10000 5.499 252.0 249.9 188.2 10.5 12.1 9.4 -0.8

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.536 151.1 136.0 51.3 -1.2 16.1 -4.5 -10.0

Gas-natural.................................. 10110 0.458 142.3 125.1 59.6 -1.9 18.0 -4.8 -12.1

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.478 113.5 114.5 6.8 -0.8 1.3 3.0 0.9

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 4.608 166.7 171.0 13.3 2.0 1.9 2.7 2.6

Selected building materials.................. 13 2.101 212.7 225.1 59.1 12.9 0.6 6.4 5.8

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 4.365 330.5 336.6 47.6 6.8 1.6 6.7 1.8

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 1.929 175.2 178.9 15.1 1.7 2.5 2.6 2.1

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.728 114.4 114.8 2.3 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.3

Capital goods................................... 2 27.689 88.8 89.1 1.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.399 121.5 122.4 0.7 -0.1 0.1 0.2 0.7

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 21.714 80.6 80.8 1.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 2.576 137.8 138.1 2.1 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.2

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 15.590 111.6 111.8 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.2

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 26.341 107.2 107.2 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 13.404 124.3 124.2 0.2 -0.5 0.2 0.2 -0.1

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 11.880 91.2 91.4 0.9 0.4 0.0 -0.1 0.2

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 1.058 118.6 118.8 – 0.3 0.0 0.9 0.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2020 to April

2021

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Mar.

20211

Index Percent change

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2020 to

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2020 to

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2021 to

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2021 to

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2021 to

Apr.

2021

All commodities................................... 100.000 134.1 135.2 14.4 2.7 1.6 2.4 0.8

Agricultural commodities....................... 10.253 212.2 213.4 25.2 6.0 2.7 2.4 0.6

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 77.467 106.9 108.2 7.0 1.5 0.5 1.5 1.2

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 89.747 128.2 129.3 13.1 2.3 1.5 2.4 0.9

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 9.431 216.3 217.8 24.7 5.7 2.6 2.8 0.7

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 8.948 216.4 217.7 26.1 6.0 2.6 2.7 0.6

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.483 218.5 222.6 4.2 0.9 1.4 4.5 1.9

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 36.099 174.1 177.1 39.2 6.1 3.7 5.8 1.7

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.992 199.6 202.5 20.9 7.0 -1.0 1.9 1.5

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 25.107 162.7 165.6 49.7 5.7 6.0 7.5 1.8

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.278 193.5 193.7 20.3 6.3 3.8 0.3 0.1

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 34.821 173.5 176.6 40.0 6.1 3.7 6.0 1.8

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 13.102 184.6 181.1 85.4 8.8 9.1 7.7 -1.9

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 20.774 185.2 192.5 24.6 4.7 0.8 5.0 3.9

Selected building materials.................. 13 0.945 144.7 149.7 27.4 4.3 1.7 3.1 3.5

Capital goods................................... 2 33.381 112.3 112.6 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.3

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.429 120.2 120.6 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.3

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 21.845 95.1 95.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 8.107 189.6 189.6 2.8 1.0 0.9 0.1 0.0

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 9.401 115.0 115.2 0.8 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 11.688 110.7 110.6 1.0 -0.5 0.2 0.6 -0.1

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 5.909 109.0 108.7 1.2 -1.0 0.3 0.8 -0.3

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 4.582 108.0 108.2 0.5 -0.1 0.0 0.3 0.2

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec.

2018=100)................................... 42 1.196 95.5 95.7 – 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: April 2020 to April 2021

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Mar.

20211

Index Percent change

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2020 to

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2020 to

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2021 to

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2021 to

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2021 to

Apr.

2021

Nonmanufacturing................................ 8.119 120.7 119.8 103.7 7.5 9.7 6.6 -0.7

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 1.974 185.8 189.9 12.4 3.0 1.3 3.9 2.2

Crop production............................... 111 1.599 196.4 201.2 11.9 3.0 1.8 3.6 2.4

Mining............................................ 21 6.145 115.4 113.5 162.7 9.2 12.8 7.5 -1.6

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 5.880 114.9 112.9 176.7 9.5 13.0 8.0 -1.7

Mining (except oil and gas) (Dec.

2020=100)................................... 212 0.265 112.1 112.3 – 3.1 9.7 -0.9 0.2

Manufacturing..................................... 91.495 114.7 115.6 5.9 1.0 0.6 0.9 0.8

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.326 128.0 128.9 3.0 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 3.641 161.5 165.0 8.3 1.3 0.9 1.4 2.2

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.197 131.8 132.1 2.2 0.1 1.9 0.5 0.2

Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)............... 313 0.348 102.6 103.2 4.9 0.0 0.7 0.6 0.6

Textile product mills.......................... 314 0.930 107.2 107.6 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.639 113.1 113.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 -0.1

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.571 123.9 123.9 -0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 19.203 131.7 134.4 15.2 2.4 1.6 2.3 2.1

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2019=100)................................... 321 1.444 192.7 208.6 113.9 21.6 0.7 9.7 8.3

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 0.937 109.4 110.2 4.4 -0.5 0.6 1.9 0.7

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 2.419 93.6 99.2 61.3 8.1 7.1 6.8 6.0

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 10.786 142.6 144.3 5.9 0.4 1.1 1.4 1.2

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.435 123.7 123.4 4.0 0.2 0.6 -0.1 -0.2

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.996 131.9 132.2 0.7 0.5 -0.2 0.4 0.2

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 60.966 106.8 107.2 3.8 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.4

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.842 212.7 217.0 42.6 5.7 1.7 6.0 2.0

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.228 132.0 133.3 5.6 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.0

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 7.716 120.9 121.4 1.8 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 16.113 71.9 72.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 5.149 117.8 118.3 0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.3 0.4

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 16.890 111.0 111.2 1.3 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.2

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 1.729 116.5 116.8 1.3 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.3

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.300 120.3 119.8 2.1 0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.4

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: April 2020 to April 2021

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Mar.

20211

Index Percent change

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2020 to

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2020 to

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2021 to

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2021 to

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2021 to

Apr.

2021

Nonmanufacturing................................ 12.807 150.9 148.3 59.3 9.3 6.7 3.6 -1.7

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 5.459 191.2 189.9 34.6 10.0 3.8 2.4 -0.7

Crop production............................... 111 5.216 201.3 199.7 35.6 10.6 3.6 2.1 -0.8

Mining............................................ 21 7.348 86.3 84.0 93.5 8.8 9.0 4.6 -2.7

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.054 100.2 102.8 9.0 4.0 1.3 2.7 2.6

Manufacturing..................................... 85.262 121.7 123.1 9.2 1.5 1.0 2.0 1.2

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.680 151.5 154.0 11.8 1.4 1.3 2.2 1.7

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.694 173.0 176.6 14.5 1.5 1.7 3.0 2.1

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.620 138.9 140.2 14.2 3.4 0.7 0.7 0.9

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 24.713 121.8 124.9 25.5 2.5 3.1 6.2 2.5

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.509 120.3 126.6 31.6 4.9 2.2 4.7 5.2

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.429 124.1 130.0 9.9 1.9 1.7 1.2 4.8

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 5.820 111.5 110.4 80.1 9.7 9.2 11.9 -1.0

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 13.935 130.0 135.2 18.7 0.4 1.7 5.9 4.0

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.081 116.9 118.3 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.4 1.2

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.764 123.1 123.8 5.0 1.2 0.2 0.0 0.6

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 53.869 118.6 119.1 2.7 1.0 0.1 0.3 0.4

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.202 193.8 197.7 24.7 8.0 -1.6 1.5 2.0

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 2.819 154.4 155.1 3.7 2.1 0.5 0.2 0.5

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 8.752 131.3 132.2 1.3 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.7

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 12.795 81.6 81.8 -0.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.501 118.7 119.1 1.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.3

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 16.483 131.8 132.0 1.7 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.2

Furniture and related product

manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100).......... 337 0.372 130.2 130.1 4.2 2.2 0.0 0.3 -0.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 4.945 120.4 120.6 2.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2020 to April

2021

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Mar.

20211

Index Percent change

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2020 to

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2020 to

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2021 to

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2021 to

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2021 to

Apr.

2021

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.394 205.1 211.9 11.9 2.4 0.4 3.1 3.3

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.403 301.4 316.0 25.8 1.3 4.1 4.4 4.8

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.712 139.6 144.5 5.9 3.1 -2.3 3.7 3.5

Vegetable products............................... II 1.994 217.9 222.9 11.4 3.0 1.8 3.5 2.3

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.341 388.1 399.9 -7.1 3.8 -1.6 -8.9 3.0

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.785 122.6 127.9 17.8 5.5 5.5 12.2 4.3

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.371 230.8 224.9 6.2 -0.2 0.9 2.9 -2.6

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.343 116.7 124.1 46.5 2.8 1.4 7.2 6.3

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.045 172.5 173.5 2.5 0.4 1.1 0.3 0.6

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.209 99.7 98.0 -2.6 -1.4 0.6 -0.1 -1.7

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or

other parts of plants.......................... 20 0.349 173.4 174.1 2.0 -0.1 2.7 0.0 0.4

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.160 144.2 144.7 3.4 0.3 1.8 0.5 0.3

Mineral products.................................. V 8.904 222.9 223.8 118.6 8.8 11.2 7.1 0.4

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 8.554 218.8 219.8 126.8 9.1 11.3 7.4 0.5

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 10.146 160.9 162.9 5.4 0.0 1.0 1.6 1.2

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.584 342.9 371.9 34.9 2.6 6.3 12.8 8.5

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.270 131.5 134.7 10.5 0.8 0.2 2.7 2.4

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 5.196 153.3 153.4 -0.7 -1.3 0.3 0.2 0.1

Fertilizers (Dec. 2020=100).................... 31 0.318 122.6 127.8 – 4.4 6.0 10.7 4.2

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.606 107.9 107.9 7.7 2.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 3.774 150.8 150.8 9.7 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.0

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.488 151.7 152.5 9.5 1.2 1.5 0.5 0.5

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.285 151.5 150.0 10.3 0.3 -1.5 -0.4 -1.0

Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc.

of various materials........................... 42 0.530 131.8 131.8 -0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw,

basketware and wickerwork................. IX 1.482 278.9 303.1 113.6 20.2 1.0 9.8 8.7

Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal

(Dec. 2019=100).............................. 44 1.438 195.5 213.0 118.0 20.6 1.0 10.1 9.0

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 0.957 114.2 114.5 3.4 0.3 0.4 1.7 0.3

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.636 105.5 106.2 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.7

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 4.724 114.8 114.9 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

knitted or crocheted.......................... 61 1.911 105.1 105.1 -0.1 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.582 122.4 122.2 0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.2

Made-up or worn textile articles............... 63 0.640 100.3 100.3 -0.7 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.350 123.7 123.7 -0.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 1.130 122.0 122.0 -0.7 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2020 to April

2021 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Mar.

20211

Index Percent change

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2020 to

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2020 to

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2021 to

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2021 to

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2021 to

Apr.

2021

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.885 131.1 131.6 -0.4 0.2 -0.8 -0.1 0.4

Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

or mica (Dec. 2020=100).................... 68 0.317 98.0 99.0 – 0.2 -1.9 -0.3 1.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 3.118 243.9 246.6 26.5 4.6 -0.3 3.5 1.1

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 5.824 196.9 199.3 22.0 3.4 2.4 3.3 1.2

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.112 248.2 248.9 28.1 9.2 2.9 4.0 0.3

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.678 156.7 159.9 9.5 1.1 2.1 2.5 2.0

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.545 386.9 386.5 64.0 2.8 4.1 7.7 -0.1

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 1.063 157.6 163.3 35.6 3.3 0.1 3.3 3.6

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.426 123.4 123.6 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.525 137.3 138.3 3.1 1.5 0.4 0.7 0.7

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 29.246 79.4 79.6 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 15.081 85.3 85.6 1.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 14.165 73.8 74.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.912 115.5 115.8 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.3

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 12.706 114.7 115.0 1.1 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.3

Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec.

2020=100)..................................... 88 1.109 100.7 100.8 – -0.1 0.4 0.4 0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 4.161 102.6 102.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.4

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.884 98.7 98.2 -0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.5

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.114 111.5 111.6 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.1

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.541 118.0 117.9 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.4 -0.1

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.308 100.8 101.0 -0.7 -0.1 -0.2 0.3 0.2

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.265 127.8 128.4 0.9 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.5

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2020 to April

2021

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Mar.

20211

Index Percent change

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2020 to

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2020 to

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2021 to

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2021 to

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2021 to

Apr.

2021

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.992 234.6 240.9 17.9 1.0 1.9 6.2 2.7

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.286 192.2 196.6 25.9 3.0 1.1 9.0 2.3

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100).............. 03 0.300 116.9 120.7 2.6 1.2 0.9 5.1 3.3

Dairy products, eggs and honey (Dec.

2020=100)..................................... 04 0.337 98.7 103.0 – -5.5 6.0 -1.5 4.4

Vegetable products............................... II 5.002 250.9 248.9 35.0 9.8 3.4 2.1 -0.8

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.982 146.4 142.4 11.4 4.6 3.2 4.7 -2.7

Cereals............................................ 10 1.393 257.8 254.7 37.2 11.5 6.2 -0.3 -1.2

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 2.202 281.3 280.0 50.1 11.8 2.0 2.7 -0.5

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 2.947 165.7 168.7 13.1 2.4 0.8 0.9 1.8

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.590 100.9 101.0 1.8 0.3 -0.2 0.1 0.1

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.497 110.0 110.6 17.5 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.5

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.827 284.2 297.6 38.2 8.3 3.0 3.2 4.7

Mineral products.................................. V 13.102 223.7 219.7 85.9 9.0 8.9 7.6 -1.8

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.536 116.7 122.5 43.1 5.4 1.2 3.1 5.0

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 12.407 213.6 209.0 91.2 9.4 9.4 7.9 -2.2

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 11.036 145.0 147.8 9.3 -0.4 0.9 2.5 1.9

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.654 139.4 139.8 1.5 1.5 0.9 0.7 0.3

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.785 168.2 177.8 32.3 0.2 3.1 5.4 5.7

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 3.331 110.1 109.4 2.9 -1.1 0.3 1.5 -0.6

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.833 130.0 131.4 2.7 1.1 0.1 0.1 1.1

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.428 125.7 125.7 0.1 -0.2 0.6 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 1.927 161.4 166.7 6.2 -0.7 0.1 3.9 3.3

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 5.516 165.0 175.3 25.9 2.1 3.0 7.9 6.2

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 4.709 166.2 178.2 31.0 2.4 3.5 9.3 7.2

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.807 152.9 153.9 1.8 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.7

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.607 117.1 122.4 28.8 4.5 2.1 3.8 4.5

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.777 130.1 136.4 12.9 2.7 0.2 1.7 4.8

Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec.

2019=100)..................................... 47 0.615 139.3 153.8 37.9 4.4 3.3 5.0 10.4

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.917 125.9 128.8 4.5 2.0 0.5 0.1 2.3

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 1.659 126.0 125.2 8.4 2.1 2.0 1.0 -0.6

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.560 138.1 134.9 32.0 7.5 5.8 2.9 -2.3

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.768 135.0 135.2 7.0 1.8 0.0 0.2 0.1

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)....... 70 0.418 99.4 99.6 -0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.3 0.2

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2020 to April

2021 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Mar.

20211

Index Percent change

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2020 to

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2020 to

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2021 to

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2021 to

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2021 to

Apr.

2021

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 4.489 310.2 315.0 16.5 4.6 -1.5 0.3 1.5

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.970 189.5 189.7 26.2 10.0 -0.7 3.7 0.1

Iron and steel (Dec. 2020=100)............... 72 1.193 136.9 134.6 – 33.1 -3.7 6.8 -1.7

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.629 251.7 252.4 65.7 5.2 -1.2 11.2 0.3

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.866 133.5 135.2 43.4 8.4 0.0 3.6 1.3

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 26.542 98.4 98.8 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.4

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 15.881 117.0 117.7 1.3 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.6

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 10.661 78.4 78.4 -0.4 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 12.042 139.4 139.7 1.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 7.799 117.3 117.7 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.3

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 5.736 110.3 110.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.0

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.229 116.6 116.8 2.4 1.7 0.7 0.2 0.2

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi;......................... 94 0.692 137.7 137.7 3.7 2.5 0.1 0.3 0.0

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.388 89.0 89.6 0.6 0.8 1.3 0.0 0.7

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: April 2020 to April 2021

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Mar.

20211

Index Percent change

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2020 to

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2020 to

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2021 to

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2021 to

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2021 to

Apr.

2021

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 135.3 136.0 16.9 2.3 1.6 2.0 0.5

Nonmanufacturing........................... 9.491 203.3 200.0 189.9 6.2 11.5 8.0 -1.6

Manufacturing................................ 89.655 129.0 130.1 8.7 1.7 0.8 1.4 0.9

Canada.......................................... 100.000 157.7 159.4 50.0 5.4 3.8 4.4 1.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 25.971 200.3 196.8 214.9 6.4 12.0 8.2 -1.7

Manufacturing................................ 72.706 149.0 152.2 22.5 4.6 1.5 3.0 2.1

European Union............................... 100.000 143.6 143.7 5.6 0.8 0.8 1.1 0.1

Manufacturing................................ 98.780 139.3 139.6 5.5 0.7 0.6 1.0 0.2

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 132.4 132.3 4.7 -0.2 1.6 0.4 -0.1

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 118.2 117.6 3.6 1.0 0.5 1.2 -0.5

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 130.3 130.0 9.9 1.5 1.4 2.4 -0.2

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 150.9 151.8 10.9 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 13.441 264.0 265.7 70.0 5.6 6.9 6.1 0.6

Manufacturing................................ 86.284 123.7 124.4 4.8 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.6

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 130.3 131.2 5.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 8.182 146.3 152.4 72.8 5.5 10.1 10.8 4.2

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 91.572 89.4 89.7 2.3 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.3

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4............... 100.000 99.4 99.7 2.2 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 99.8 100.2 2.1 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4

Japan............................................ 100.000 97.9 98.3 1.7 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.4

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)...................... 100.000 100.5 101.4 3.9 0.4 0.6 1.0 0.9

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 89.0 89.5 5.2 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.6

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 99.1 99.0 1.5 0.4 -0.1 0.0 -0.1

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 182.2 182.9 40.7 7.0 3.0 4.6 0.4

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: April 2020 to April 2021

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Mar.

20211

Index Percent change

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2020 to

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2020 to

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2021 to

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2021 to

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2021 to

Apr.

2021

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 107.8 108.4 10.3 1.3 0.8 1.1 0.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 11.478 116.5 115.2 66.2 8.3 6.7 2.6 -1.1

Manufacturing................................ 86.880 106.6 107.6 5.6 0.5 0.1 0.9 0.9

Canada.......................................... 100.000 110.8 112.2 14.1 2.1 1.5 1.4 1.3

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100). . . . .. 9.376 120.8 120.2 – 10.7 8.0 1.0 -0.5

Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)........... 89.283 103.7 105.3 – 1.3 0.9 1.5 1.5

European Union............................... 100.000 108.9 109.1 9.1 1.5 1.5 1.1 0.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 13.110 114.1 112.4 74.0 10.7 8.5 5.2 -1.5

Manufacturing................................ 85.406 107.2 107.7 3.6 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.5

Germany........................................ 100.000 108.7 108.3 4.0 0.9 0.0 0.2 -0.4

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 110.2 111.4 21.2 4.2 2.6 4.5 1.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 9.661 141.2 136.8 51.8 12.0 6.5 1.6 -3.1

Manufacturing................................ 89.939 107.7 109.4 18.9 3.3 2.2 4.8 1.6

Mexico........................................... 100.000 108.8 111.5 20.0 3.2 2.4 3.6 2.5

Nonmanufacturing........................... 8.031 128.9 127.0 43.8 8.1 6.3 -2.9 -1.5

Manufacturing................................ 91.602 107.5 110.6 18.8 2.9 2.1 4.3 2.9

Pacific Rim4.................................... 100.000 106.7 107.0 12.2 2.0 1.1 2.4 0.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 16.896 110.0 110.1 54.4 9.6 5.5 3.0 0.1

Manufacturing................................ 80.254 105.2 105.4 5.0 0.2 0.2 2.1 0.2

China............................................ 100.000 105.9 106.5 16.0 0.3 1.0 3.8 0.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 15.179 110.1 109.9 102.0 12.7 4.0 4.0 -0.2

Manufacturing................................ 82.863 106.5 107.2 7.5 -1.7 0.6 3.7 0.7

Japan............................................ 100.000 107.3 107.4 15.2 2.2 1.6 1.3 0.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 22.472 116.7 115.6 86.2 10.7 8.1 2.9 -0.9

Manufacturing................................ 75.080 102.5 102.7 2.2 0.1 -0.1 0.2 0.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: April 2020 to April 20211

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2020 to

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2020 to

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2021 to

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2021 to

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2021 to

Apr.

2021

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 97.5 97.6 -5.7 -0.9 -0.8 -0.9 0.1

Canada.................................................. 92.3 92.5 -23.9 -3.1 -2.3 -2.8 0.2

European Union...................................... 102.1 102.2 3.3 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.1

Germany................................................ 105.8 106.0 0.4 -0.1 -0.6 -1.0 0.2

Latin America3

........................................ 108.7 109.3 9.3 3.0 1.3 3.0 0.6

Mexico.................................................. 107.7 109.6 13.3 2.4 1.6 2.8 1.8

Pacific Rim4............................................ 105.6 105.6 9.8 1.6 0.8 1.9 0.0

China.................................................... 106.2 106.4 13.6 -0.1 0.7 3.4 0.2

Japan.................................................... 104.7 104.3 13.4 1.9 1.5 1.1 -0.4

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: April 2020

to April 2021

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Mar.

20211

Index Percent change

Mar.

2021

Apr.

2021

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2020 to

Apr.

2021

Dec.

2020 to

Jan.

2021

Jan.

2021 to

Feb.

2021

Feb.

2021 to

Mar.

2021

Mar.

2021 to

Apr.

2021

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 298.7 323.6 28.0 -5.8 0.7 -1.9 8.3

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 25.408 246.4 248.8 14.0 2.4 0.0 -0.6 1.0

Asia.................................................. 67.028 307.2 330.8 34.1 -9.2 1.1 -2.6 7.7

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 169.0 164.3 0.6 1.4 -0.7 1.2 -2.8

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 32.579 153.0 140.8 -7.2 -4.5 8.2 0.3 -8.0

Asia (Dec. 2011=100).............................. 39.955 117.8 117.1 1.4 0.2 -4.6 3.0 -0.6

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 232.6 245.9 18.5 -1.4 -1.9 -1.3 5.7

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 24.139 173.0 173.8 4.8 5.4 -2.4 -0.4 0.5

Asia.................................................. 65.998 239.3 251.5 24.8 -3.8 -1.9 -1.8 5.1

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 163.6 161.1 2.4 -0.1 7.6 0.6 -1.5

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 30.738 172.4 162.0 -8.1 -3.9 7.0 0.2 -6.0

Asia.................................................. 49.977 164.4 163.6 8.0 0.0 12.4 1.1 -0.5

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 145.9 147.2 8.0 -5.6 1.9 -3.6 0.9

Europe............................................... 40.076 143.6 146.4 8.9 -4.4 6.5 2.2 1.9

Asia.................................................. 31.987 165.2 160.4 27.8 -5.4 -4.2 -9.1 -2.9

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 6.063 98.8 111.1 -23.3 -17.4 -0.2 -0.7 12.4

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 160.0 160.3 26.9 11.2 -4.7 -1.5 0.2

Europe............................................... 28.215 188.1 183.8 28.1 3.7 5.3 -4.6 -2.3

Asia.................................................. 32.176 186.6 170.8 51.7 23.4 -6.9 -1.2 -8.5

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 19.490 127.4 145.1 -2.5 11.0 -17.3 -1.0 13.9

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2019 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

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TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
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Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. 

Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.