Technical information:       (202) 691-6378     USDL 05-876
                    http://www.bls.gov/cps/
                                                For release:  10:00 A.M. EDT
Media contact:                     691-5902     Thursday, June 9, 2005


              EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILIES IN 2004


   In 2004, 7.4 percent of families had an unemployed member, a decline of
0.7 percentage point from 2003, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S.
Department of Labor reported today.  Of the nation's 75.9 million families,
82.3 percent had an employed member in 2004, up by 0.3 percentage point
from a year earlier.  These changes reflect an improving labor market.

   These data on employment, unemployment, and family relationships are
collected as part of the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample
survey of about 60,000 households nationwide.  Families include married-
couple families, as well as those maintained by a man or a woman with no
spouse present.  For further information on the CPS, see the Technical
Note.

Families and Unemployment

   In an average week in 2004, 5.6 million families had at least one
unemployed member, down from 6.1 million families in 2003.  The proportion
of families with an unemployed member, 7.4 percent, declined in 2004 after
growing in each of the prior 3 years.  The proportion of families with at
least one unemployed member continued to be higher for blacks (12.7 percent)
and Hispanics or Latinos (10.2 percent) than for whites (6.6 percent) or
Asians (6.7 percent).  For each of these groups, however, the proportion of
families with an unemployed member was down from the prior year.  (See
table 1.)

   Of the families with at least one unemployed member, 70.0 percent also
had an employed family member in 2004.  Asian families with an unemployed
member were most likely to have at least one member employed (82.1 percent),
followed by white families (73.6 percent), Hispanic or Latino families (69.9
percent), and black families (55.5 percent).  (See table 1.)

   Among married-couple families with at least one unemployed member, 82.5
percent also had an employed family member in 2004.  About 45.5 percent of
families maintained by women with an unemployed member also had an employed
member.  Among families maintained by men with an unemployed member, 57.5
percent had at least one employed member.  (See table 3.)
 
Families and Employment

   In 2004, 82.3 percent of families had at least one employed member.  The
proportion was highest among Asian families (89.3 percent), followed by
Hispanic or Latino families (86.7 percent), white families (82.5 percent),
and black families (78.1 percent).  (See table 1.)

                                  - 2-

   Among married-couple families, 83.5 percent had an employed member in
2004.  Both the husband and wife worked in 50.7 percent of married-couple
families in 2004; this proportion has been on a downward trend since 2000.
The husband, but not the wife, worked in 20.5 percent of married-couple
families in 2004; the proportion of such families has grown by 1.3 percent-
age points since 2000.  The wife was the only worker in 6.7 percent of
married-couple families in 2004, about the same as a year earlier.  (See
table 2.)
   
Families with Children

   There were 35.4 million families with children under age 18 in 2004.
Of these, 90.5 percent had at least one parent employed.  The proportion
of married-couple families with children and at least one parent employed
was 97.0 percent, up by 0.3 percentage point from a year earlier.  Both
parents were employed in 60.6 percent of two-parent families in 2004, about
the same as in 2003, but 3.6 percentage points lower than in 2000.  The
percentage of two-parent, married-couple families in which the father only
was employed rose over the year to 31.2 percent in 2004; this proportion is
up by 3.0 percentage points since 1997.  Only the mother was employed in
5.2 percent of married-couple families with children in 2004, down by 0.3
percentage point from a year earlier.  (See table 4.)

   Among single-parent families in 2004, the mother was employed in 72.0
percent of those maintained by women, and the father was employed in 83.9
percent of those maintained by men.  (See table 4.)

Mothers

   The labor force participation rate for mothers with children under 18
was 70.4 percent in 2004, down by 0.7 percentage point from the prior year.
This rate has been declining since 2000, when it was 72.3 percent.  In
2004, most of the over-the-year decline in the labor force participation
rate of mothers with children under 18 occurred among mothers with children
under 6; their rate declined by 1.0 percentage point to 61.8 percent.  The
participation rate of mothers whose youngest child was 6 through 17 declined
slightly.  In contrast, the labor force participation rate of fathers showed
no change in 2004, whatever the age of their youngest child.  (See table 5.)

   The participation rate for married mothers fell by 0.8 percentage point
to 67.8 percent in 2004, down by 2.9 percentage points from its most recent
high in 1997.  The rate for unmarried mothers--those who were widowed,
divorced, separated, or never married--was 77.1 percent in 2004, down by
1.8 percentage points since 2002.  The unemployment rate for unmarried
mothers with children under 18 was 9.7 percent in 2004, while the jobless
rate for married mothers was 3.7 percent.  (See table 5.)

   In 2004, the labor force participation rate for mothers of children
younger than a year old was 52.9 percent.  Among married mothers of
infants, the rate was 51.7 percent, down by 3.0 percentage points since
its most recent high in 2002.  Among unmarried mothers with children under
a year old, 56.6 percent were working or looking for work in 2004.  The
jobless rate for unmarried mothers of infants was 19.7 percent in 2004, and
the rate for married mothers was 4.7 percent.  (See table 6.)

                                  - 3 -

Technical Note


   The estimates in this release are based on annual average data from the
Current Population Survey (CPS), a national sample survey of about 60,000
households conducted monthly for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the U.S.
Census Bureau.  The information relates to the labor force status of persons
16 years old and over in the civilian noninstitutional population during an
"average" week of the year.

   The data for 2004 presented in this release are not strictly comparable
with data for 2003 and earlier years because of the introduction in January
2004 of revised population controls used in the CPS.  The effect of the re-
vised population controls on the family estimates is unknown.  However, the
effect of the controls on monthly CPS estimates was to decrease the December
2003 employment level by 409,000 and the unemployment level by 27,000.  The
updated controls had little or no effect on unemployment rates and other
ratios.  For additional information, see "Adjustments to Household Survey
Population Estimates in January 2004" in the February 2004 issue of Employ-
ment and Earnings, available on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/cps/
cps04adj.pdf.

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request:  Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone number: 1-800-877-8339.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error.  When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there
is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population
values they represent.  The exact difference, or sampling error, varies de-
pending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured
by the standard error of the estimate.  There is about a 90-percent chance,
or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because
of sampling error.  BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent
level of confidence.

   The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error.  Nonsampling error
can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of
the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the
sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct
information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data.

   For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and
information on estimating standard errors, see the "Explanatory Notes
and Estimates of Error" section of Employment and Earnings.

                                  - 4 -

Definitions

   Definitions of the principal terms used in this release are presented below.

   Family.  A family is a group of two or more persons residing together
who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption.  The count of families is
for "primary" families only, that is, the householder and all other persons
related to and residing with the householder.  Families are classified
either as married-couple families or as families maintained by women or men
without spouses.

   Householder.  The householder is the family reference person.  This is
the person (or one of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned
or rented.  The relationship of other individuals in the household is defined
in terms of relationship to the householder.  The race or ethnicity of the
family is determined by that of the householder.

   Married, spouse present; other marital status.  These terms denote the
marital status of individuals at the time of interview.  Married, spouse
present, refers to husbands and wives living together in the same
household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, on
vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, or for other reasons.  Other marital
status includes persons who are never-married; married, spouse absent;
widowed; or divorced.  Married, spouse absent relates to persons who are
separated due to marital problems, as well as husbands and wives who are
living apart because one or the other was employed elsewhere, on duty with
the Armed Forces, or any other reasons.

   Children.  Data on children refer to own children and include sons,
daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children, of the husband, wife, or
person maintaining the family.  Not included are nieces, nephews, grand-
children, other related children, and all unrelated children living in
the household.

   Employed.  Employed persons are (a) all those who, during the survey
reference week, did any work at all as paid employees, worked in their own
business, profession, or on their own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more
as unpaid workers in a family-operated enterprise; and (b) all those who
did not work but had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily
absent due to illness, bad weather, vacation, child-care problems, labor
disputes, or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid for the time
off and whether or not they were seeking other jobs.

   Unemployed.  The unemployed are persons who had no employment during the
reference week, were available for work at that time, and had made specific
efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with
the reference week.  Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from
which they had been laid off need not be looking for work to be classified
as unemployed.

   Civilian labor force.  The civilian labor force comprises all persons
classified as employed or unemployed.

   Unemployment rate.  The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a
percent of the civilian labor force.

   Labor force participation rate.  The labor force participation rate is
the labor force as a percent of the population.





  Table 1.  Employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
  2003-04 annual averages

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                
                              Characteristic                                     2003                2004       
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                  Total                                                                         
                                                                                                                
    Total families......................................................        75,301              75,872      
                                                                                                                
      With employed member(s)...........................................        61,761              62,424      
            As percent of total families................................          82.0                82.3      
               Some usually work full time (1)..........................        57,229              57,813      
      With no employed member ..........................................        13,540              13,447      
            As percent of total families................................          18.0                17.7      
                                                                                                                
      With unemployed member(s) ........................................         6,079               5,593      
            As percent of total families................................           8.1                 7.4      
        Some member(s) employed ........................................         4,285               3,915      
               As percent of families with unemployed member(s).........          70.5                70.0      
          Some usually work full time (1)...............................         3,790               3,494      
                  As percent of families with unemployed member(s)......          62.3                62.5      
                                                                                                                
                                  White                                                                         
                                                                                                                
    Total families......................................................        61,995              62,250      
                                                                                                                
      With employed member(s)...........................................        51,002              51,350      
            As percent of total families................................          82.3                82.5      
               Some usually work full time (1)..........................        47,356              47,620      
      With no employed member ..........................................        10,993              10,900      
            As percent of total families................................          17.7                17.5      
                                                                                                                
      With unemployed member(s) ........................................         4,411               4,078      
            As percent of total families................................           7.1                 6.6      
        Some member(s) employed ........................................         3,245               3,000      
               As percent of families with unemployed member(s).........          73.6                73.6      
          Some usually work full time (1)...............................         2,873               2,677      
                  As percent of families with unemployed member(s)......          65.1                65.7      
                                                                                                                
                        Black or African American                                                               
                                                                                                                
    Total families......................................................         8,869               8,860      
                                                                                                                
      With employed member(s)...........................................         6,906               6,920      
            As percent of total families................................          77.9                78.1      
               Some usually work full time (1)..........................         6,270               6,292      
      With no employed member ..........................................         1,963               1,940      
            As percent of total families................................          22.1                21.9      
                                                                                                                
      With unemployed member(s) ........................................         1,213               1,127      
            As percent of total families................................          13.7                12.7      
        Some member(s) employed ........................................           695                 625      
               As percent of families with unemployed member(s).........          57.3                55.5      
          Some usually work full time (1)...............................           612                 556      
                  As percent of families with unemployed member(s)......          50.5                49.3      

                                  Asian                                                                         
                                                                                                                
    Total families......................................................         2,880               3,107      
                                                                                                                
      With employed member(s)...........................................         2,566               2,775      
            As percent of total families................................          89.1                89.3      
               Some usually work full time (1)..........................         2,424               2,630      
      With no employed member ..........................................           315                 332      
            As percent of total families................................          10.9                10.7      
                                                                                                                
      With unemployed member(s) ........................................           271                 208      
            As percent of total families................................           9.4                 6.7      
        Some member(s) employed ........................................           224                 171      
               As percent of families with unemployed member(s).........          82.7                82.1      
          Some usually work full time (1)...............................           197                 154      
                  As percent of families with unemployed member(s)......          72.7                74.1      

                      Hispanic or Latino ethnicity                                                              
                                                                                                                
    Total families......................................................         9,185               9,305      
                                                                                                                
      With employed member(s)...........................................         7,907               8,071      
            As percent of total families................................          86.1                86.7      
               Some usually work full time (1)..........................         7,383               7,566      
      With no employed member ..........................................         1,277               1,235      
            As percent of total families................................          13.9                13.3      
                                                                                                                
      With unemployed member(s) ........................................         1,020                 950      
            As percent of total families................................          11.1                10.2      
        Some member(s) employed ........................................           715                 664      
               As percent of families with unemployed member(s).........          70.1                69.9      
          Some usually work full time (1)...............................           640                 594      
                  As percent of families with unemployed member(s)......          62.7                62.5      

    1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
    NOTE:  The race or ethnicity of the family is determined by that of the householder.  Estimates for the
  above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not
  presented for all races.  In addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of
  any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well as by race.  Data for 2004 reflect revised
  population controls used in the Current Population Survey.




  Table 2.  Families by presence and relationship of employed members and family type, 2003-04 annual averages

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                     
                                                                      Number                 Percent distribution    
                      Characteristic                                                                                 
                                                                                                                     
                                                                2003           2004          2003           2004     
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                 MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES                                                                             
                                                                                                                     
              Total......................................      57,074         57,188        100.0          100.0     
                                                                                                                     
        Member(s) employed, total........................      47,535         47,767         83.3           83.5     
          Husband only...................................      11,403         11,712         20.0           20.5     
          Wife only......................................       3,863          3,843          6.8            6.7     
          Husband and wife...............................      29,077         28,991         50.9           50.7     
          Other employment combinations..................       3,193          3,222          5.6            5.6     
        No member(s) employed  ..........................       9,539          9,420         16.7           16.5     
            
            
             FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN (1)                                                                        
                                                                                                                     
              Total......................................      13,450         13,614        100.0          100.0     
                                                                                                                     
        Member(s) employed, total........................      10,187         10,358         75.7           76.1     
           Householder only..............................       5,987          6,021         44.5           44.2     
           Householder and other member(s)...............       2,539          2,701         18.9           19.8     
           Other member(s), not householder..............       1,660          1,636         12.3           12.0     
        No member(s) employed  ..........................       3,263          3,255         24.3           23.9     
            
            
              FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN (1)                                                                         
                                                                                                                     
              Total......................................       4,777          5,071        100.0          100.0     
                                                                                                                     
        Member(s) employed, total........................       4,039          4,299         84.6           84.8     
           Householder only..............................       1,954          2,060         40.9           40.6     
           Householder and other member(s)...............       1,427          1,557         29.9           30.7     
           Other member(s), not householder..............         658            682         13.8           13.5     
        No member(s) employed  ..........................         739            772         15.5           15.2     

    1 No spouse present.
    NOTE:  Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.  Data for 2004 reflect revised population controls used in
  the Current Population Survey.




  Table 3.  Unemployment in families by presence and relationship of employed members and family type,
  2003-04 annual averages

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                     
                                                                      Number                 Percent distribution    
                      Characteristic                                                                                 
                                                                                                                     
                                                                 2003           2004         2003           2004     
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                  MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES                                                                            
                                                                                                                     
    With unemployed member(s), total.....................       3,857          3,521        100.0          100.0     
        No member employed...............................         713            615         18.5           17.5     
        Some member(s) employed..........................       3,144          2,906         81.5           82.5     
            Husband unemployed...........................       1,600          1,333         41.5           37.9     
                Wife employed............................       1,023            850         26.5           24.2     
            Wife unemployed..............................       1,129          1,041         29.3           29.6     
                Husband employed.........................         991            913         25.7           25.9     
            Other family member unemployed...............       1,129          1,147         29.3           32.6     
               
               
             FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN (1)                                                                        
                                                                                                                     
    With unemployed member(s), total.....................       1,612          1,521        100.0          100.0     
        No member employed...............................         842            829         52.3           54.5     
        Some member(s) employed..........................         770            692         47.8           45.5     
            Householder unemployed.......................         791            758         49.1           49.8     
                Other member(s) employed.................         162            146         10.0            9.6     
            Other member(s) unemployed...................         821            764         50.9           50.2     
               
               
              FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN (1)                                                                         
                                                                                                                     
      With unemployed member(s), total...................         610            551        100.0          100.0     
        No member employed...............................         239            234         39.2           42.5     
        Some member(s) employed..........................         371            316         60.8           57.5     
            Householder unemployed.......................         340            296         55.7           53.7     
                Other member(s) employed.................         158            117         25.9           21.3     
            Other member(s) unemployed...................         270            255         44.3           46.3     

    1 No spouse present.
    NOTE:  Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.  Data for 2004 reflect revised population controls used in
  the Current Population Survey.






  Table 4.  Families with own children: Employment status of parents by age of youngest child and family type,
  2003-04 annual averages

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                     
                                                                      Number                 Percent distribution    
                      Characteristic                                                                                 
                                                                                                                     
                                                                2003           2004          2003           2004     
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                     
             WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS                                                                        
                                                                                                                     
      Total..............................................      35,428         35,379        100.0          100.0     
    Parent(s) employed...................................      32,002         32,013         90.3           90.5     
    No parent employed...................................       3,426          3,366          9.7            9.5     
                                                                                                                     
    Married-couple families..............................      25,383         25,175        100.0          100.0     
        Parent(s) employed...............................      24,553         24,424         96.7           97.0     
            Mother employed..............................      16,820         16,557         66.3           65.8     
                Both parents employed....................      15,420         15,257         60.7           60.6     
                Mother employed, not father..............       1,400          1,300          5.5            5.2     
            Father employed, not mother..................       7,733          7,867         30.5           31.2     
        Neither parent employed..........................         830            751          3.3            3.0     
                                                                                                                     
    Families maintained by women (1).....................       8,069          8,161        100.0          100.0     
        Mother employed..................................       5,804          5,875         71.9           72.0     
        Mother not employed..............................       2,265          2,286         28.1           28.0     
                                                                                                                     
    Families maintained by men (1).......................       1,975          2,043        100.0          100.0     
        Father employed..................................       1,645          1,713         83.3           83.9     
        Father not employed..............................         331            330         16.8           16.1     
       
       
       WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS, NONE YOUNGER                                                                 
                                                                                                                     
      Total..............................................      20,125         20,095        100.0          100.0     
    Parent(s) employed...................................      18,309         18,307         91.0           91.1     
    No parent employed...................................       1,814          1,788          9.0            8.9     
                                                                                                                     
    Married-couple families..............................      13,917         13,806        100.0          100.0     
        Parent(s) employed...............................      13,473         13,381         96.8           96.9     
            Mother employed..............................      10,214         10,089         73.4           73.1     
                Both parents employed....................       9,323          9,269         67.0           67.1     
                Mother employed, not father..............         890            820          6.4            5.9     
            Father employed, not mother..................       3,261          3,292         23.4           23.8     
        Neither parent employed..........................         443            425          3.2            3.1     
                                                                                                                     
    Families maintained by women (1).....................       5,009          5,040        100.0          100.0     
        Mother employed..................................       3,851          3,884         76.9           77.1     
        Mother not employed..............................       1,157          1,156         23.1           22.9     
                                                                                                                     
    Families maintained by men (1).......................       1,199          1,250        100.0          100.0     
        Father employed..................................         985          1,043         82.2           83.4     
        Father not employed..............................         214            207         17.8           16.6     
          
          
              WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS                                                                        
                                                                                                                     
      Total..............................................      15,302         15,284        100.0          100.0     
    Parent(s) employed...................................      13,692         13,705         89.5           89.7     
    No parent employed...................................       1,608          1,578         10.5           10.3     
                                                                                                                     
    Married-couple families..............................      11,466         11,369        100.0          100.0     
        Parent(s) employed...............................      11,080         11,044         96.6           97.1     
            Mother employed..............................       6,607          6,468         57.6           56.9     
                Both parents employed....................       6,097          5,988         53.2           52.7     
                Mother employed, not father..............         510            481          4.4            4.2     
            Father employed, not mother..................       4,474          4,575         39.0           40.2     
        Neither parent employed..........................         385            326          3.4            2.9     
                                                                                                                     
    Families maintained by women (1).....................       3,061          3,122        100.0          100.0     
        Mother employed..................................       1,953          1,991         63.8           63.8     
        Mother not employed..............................       1,107          1,131         36.2           36.2     
                                                                                                                     
    Families maintained by men (1).......................         776            793        100.0          100.0     
        Father employed..................................         659            671         84.9           84.6     
        Father not employed..............................         116            122         14.9           15.4     

    1 No spouse present.
    NOTE:  Own children include sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children.  Not included are nieces,
  nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children.  Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. 
  Data for 2004 reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey.






  Table 5.  Employment status of the population by sex, marital status, and presence and age of own children under 18,
  2003-04 annual averages

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                      
                                                                   2003                             2004              
                    Characteristic                                                                                    
                                                                                                                      
                                                        Total       Men       Women      Total       Men       Women  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
           WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS                                                                           
                                                                                                                      
    Civilian noninstitutional population............   64,932     28,402     36,530     64,758     28,272     36,486  
        Civilian labor force........................   52,727     26,739     25,988     52,288     26,607     25,681  
          Participation rate........................     81.2       94.1       71.1       80.7       94.1       70.4 
       Employed.....................................   50,103     25,638     24,466     49,957     25,696     24,261  
            Employment-population ratio.............     77.2       90.3       67.0       77.1       90.9       66.5 
          Full-time workers (1).....................   42,880     24,762     18,118     42,758     24,794     17,964  
          Part-time workers (2).....................    7,223        876      6,347      7,200        902      6,298  
       Unemployed...................................    2,624      1,101      1,523      2,331        911      1,420  
         Unemployment rate..........................      5.0        4.1        5.9        4.5        3.4        5.5 
                                                                                                                      
               Married, spouse present                                                                                
                                                                                                                      
    Civilian noninstitutional population............   52,476     26,049     26,427     52,109     25,852     26,258  
        Civilian labor force........................   42,776     24,638     18,138     42,247     24,449     17,798  
          Participation rate........................     81.5       94.6       68.6       81.1       94.6       67.8 
       Employed.....................................   41,128     23,712     17,416     40,847     23,703     17,144  
            Employment-population ratio.............     78.4       91.0       65.9       78.4       91.7       65.3 
          Full-time workers (1).....................   35,315     22,954     12,360     35,141     22,935     12,206  
          Part-time workers (2).....................    5,813        757      5,056      5,706        768      4,938  
       Unemployed...................................    1,648        926        722      1,400        747        653  
         Unemployment rate..........................      3.9        3.8        4.0        3.3        3.1        3.7 
                                                                                                                      
               Other marital status (3)                                                                               
                                                                                                                      
    Civilian noninstitutional population............   12,455      2,354     10,102     12,649      2,420     10,229  
        Civilian labor force........................    9,950      2,100      7,850     10,042      2,158      7,883  
          Participation rate........................     79.9       89.2       77.7       79.4       89.2       77.1 
       Employed.....................................    8,975      1,926      7,050      9,110      1,993      7,117  
            Employment-population ratio.............     72.1       81.8       69.8       72.0       82.4       69.6 
          Full-time workers (1).....................    7,566      1,807      5,759      7,617      1,859      5,757  
          Part-time workers (2).....................    1,411        118      1,291      1,494        134      1,360  
       Unemployed...................................      976        175        800        931        165        766  
         Unemployment rate..........................      9.8        8.3       10.2        9.3        7.6        9.7 
                                                                                                                      
    WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS, NONE YOUNGER                                                                     
                                                                                                                      
    Civilian noninstitutional population............   35,943     15,653     20,290     35,874     15,597     20,277  
        Civilian labor force........................   30,362     14,572     15,790     30,182     14,516     15,666  
          Participation rate........................     84.5       93.1       77.8       84.1       93.1       77.3 
       Employed.....................................   29,040     14,008     15,032     29,013     14,056     14,957  
            Employment-population ratio.............     80.8       89.5       74.1       80.9       90.1       73.8 
          Full-time workers (1).....................   25,116     13,558     11,557     25,069     13,597     11,473  
          Part-time workers (2).....................    3,925        450      3,475      3,944        459      3,485  
       Unemployed...................................    1,322        564        758      1,170        460        709  
         Unemployment rate..........................      4.4        3.9        4.8        3.9        3.2        4.5 

    WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS                                                                            
                                                                                                                      
    Civilian noninstitutional population............   28,988     12,749     16,240     28,884     12,675     16,210  
        Civilian labor force........................   22,365     12,167     10,198     22,106     12,091     10,014  
          Participation rate........................     77.2       95.4       62.8       76.5       95.4       61.8 
       Employed.....................................   21,063     11,630      9,433     20,944     11,640      9,304  
            Employment-population ratio.............     72.7       91.2       58.1       72.5       91.8       57.4 
          Full-time workers (1).....................   17,764     11,203      6,561     17,689     11,197      6,491  
          Part-time workers (2).....................    3,299        426      2,872      3,256        443      2,813  
       Unemployed...................................    1,302        538        765      1,162        451        710  
         Unemployment rate..........................      5.8        4.4        7.5        5.3        3.7        7.1 
                                                                                                                      
         WITH NO OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS                                                                          
                                                                                                                      
    Civilian noninstitutional population............  154,714     76,510     78,204    156,900     77,739     79,160  
        Civilian labor force........................   92,319     50,036     42,284     93,511     50,771     42,740  
          Participation rate........................     59.7       65.4       54.1       59.6       65.3       54.0 
       Employed.....................................   86,233     46,294     39,939     87,748     47,282     40,467  
            Employment-population ratio.............     55.7       60.5       51.1       55.9       60.8       51.1 
          Full-time workers (1).....................   69,073     39,245     29,827     70,244     40,134     30,110  
          Part-time workers (2).....................   17,160      7,049     10,111     17,505      7,148     10,357  
       Unemployed...................................    6,087      3,741      2,345      5,763      3,489      2,274  
         Unemployment rate..........................      6.6        7.5        5.5        6.2        6.9        5.3 

    1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
    2 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
    3 Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
    NOTE:  See NOTE, table 4.
 


  Table 6.  Employment status of mothers with own children under 3 years old by single year of age of youngest child and marital status, 
  2003-04 annual averages

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                          Civilian labor force                           
                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                         
                                              Civilian                                        Employed                     Unemployed    
                                             noninstitu-             Percent                                                             
                                               tional                  of                                                               
                                             population     Total    popula-             Percent  Full-time Part-time            Percent 
                                                                      tion      Total      of      workers   workers    Number   of labor
                                                                                         popula-     (1)       (2)                force  
                                                                                          tion                                           
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                    2003                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                         
               TOTAL MOTHERS                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                         
      With own children under 3 years                                                                                                    
         old..............................      9,450        5,563     58.9      5,115     54.1      3,430     1,685       446      8.0  
        2 years ..........................      2,987        1,896     63.5      1,752     58.7      1,205       547       143      7.5  
        1 year ...........................      3,353        1,997     59.6      1,842     54.9      1,223       619       154      7.7  
        Under 1 year......................      3,110        1,670     53.7      1,521     48.9      1,002       519       149      8.9  
                                                                                                                                         
          Married, spouse present                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                         
      With own children under 3 years                                                                                                    
         old..............................      7,165        4,068     56.8      3,872     54.0      2,529     1,342       197      4.8  
        2 years ..........................      2,243        1,350     60.2      1,281     57.1        853       428        69      5.1  
        1 year ...........................      2,541        1,458     57.4      1,395     54.9        906       488        64      4.4  
        Under 1 year......................      2,381        1,260     52.9      1,196     50.2        770       426        64      5.1  
                                                                                                                                         
          Other marital status (3)                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                         
      With own children under 3 years                                                                                                    
         old..............................      2,287        1,495     65.4      1,244     54.4        902       341       250     16.7  
        2 years ..........................        744          546     73.4        471     63.3        352       118        75     13.7  
        1 year ...........................        813          539     66.3        448     55.1        317       131        91     16.9  
        Under 1 year......................        730          410     56.2        325     44.5        233        92        84     20.5  
                                                                                                                                         
                    2004                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                         
               TOTAL MOTHERS                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                         
      With own children under 3 years                                                                                                    
         old..............................      9,345        5,377     57.5      4,964     53.1      3,360     1,604       414      7.7  
        2 years ..........................      2,813        1,746     62.1      1,630     57.9      1,152       477       116      6.6  
        1 year ...........................      3,273        1,906     58.2      1,759     53.7      1,172       587       147      7.7  
        Under 1 year......................      3,259        1,725     52.9      1,575     48.3      1,035       540       151      8.7  
                                                                                                                                         
          Married, spouse present                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                         
      With own children under 3 years                                                                                                    
         old..............................      7,071        3,910     55.3      3,740     52.9      2,513     1,227       170      4.4  
        2 years ..........................      2,111        1,246     59.0      1,200     56.8        839       361        46      3.7  
        1 year ...........................      2,519        1,401     55.6      1,337     53.1        877       459        65      4.6  
        Under 1 year......................      2,441        1,262     51.7      1,203     49.3        797       406        59      4.7  
                                                                                                                                         
          Other marital status (3)                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                         
      With own children under 3 years                                                                                                    
         old..............................      2,274        1,467     64.5      1,224     53.8        847       377       243     16.6  
        2 years ..........................        702          499     71.1        430     61.2        314       116        70     13.9  
        1 year ...........................        754          505     66.9        422     56.0        295       127        82     16.3  
        Under 1 year......................        818          463     56.6        372     45.4        238       134        91     19.7  

    1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
    2 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
    3 Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
    NOTE:  See NOTE, table 4.