Historical , technical                      USDL 98-310
 information:     (202) 606-5618            FOR RELEASE: 10:00 a.m. EDT
Media contact:    (202) 606-5902            Thursday, July 23, 1998
Internet address:  http://stats.bls.gov



              PRODUCTIVITY BY INDUSTRY, 1987-1996


     The Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department
of Labor, reported today on labor productivity changes in
1996 for selected industries in the U.S. economy and
announced a major expansion in the information available
from this program.  With this release, BLS is publishing
data on labor productivity for 499 industries--a
substantial increase from the 182 industries previously
published.  The series for the industries newly introduced
begin in 1987 and generally run through 1996.

     Over the 1987-1996 period, labor productivity--defined
as output per hour--increased in 84 percent of the
industries, as measured at the 3-digit level of the
Standard Industrial Classification Manual.  Output, which
is the production of goods and services, rose in 80 percent
of the industries at the 3-digit level.  In contrast, hours
of labor increased in only 51 percent of the industries.

     The attached table contains data for all industries
for which BLS publishes productivity series, including
industries at the 2-, 3-, and 4-digit levels.   The
analysis, however, focuses only on the broader--2- or 3-
digit level--industries.


Manufacturing
     
     The productivity trend for the 1987-96 period was
positive for most manufacturing industries.  Labor
productivity increased in 103 of the 122 manufacturing
industries at the 3-digit level during the period.  Output
gains occurred in 80 percent of the industries, while hours
rose in close to half.  Four of the five largest industries
recorded productivity gains from 1987 to 1996:  The average
annual rates of gain were 0.7 percent in motor vehicles and
equipment; 2.4 percent in miscellaneous plastics products,
n.e.c.; 0.9 percent in commercial printing; and 0.7 percent
in aircraft and parts.  Productivity fell 0.4 percent
(average annual rate) in meat products.  In 1996,
productivity rose in 88 of the 122 manufacturing
industries.


Mining

     Productivity rose in all of the mining industries
during the 1987-96 period.  Labor productivity growth was
greatest in bituminous coal and lignite mining, which grew
6.1 percent per year on average.  In 1996,  productivity
increased in three of the five mining industries at the 3-
digit level, with another strong gain in bituminous coal
and lignite mining of 9.3 percent.
     
     
Transportation, Communication, and Utilities

     Productivity increased in all but one of the
transportation, communications, and utilities industries
for which productivity data are available over the 1987-96
period (1987-95 in some cases).   Productivity growth was
particularly high in railroad transportation, where output
per hour grew 5.9 percent on average from 1987 to 1996, and
in telephone communications, where labor productivity grew
an average of 5.4 percent per year during the period.
Data for 1996 were not available for cable and other pay
television stations, but, during 1987-1995, productivity
declined in that industry by an average of 1.6 percent.
All the industries with data for 1996 had productivity
gains except the postal service, which recorded a 1.6
percent decline.


Trade

     Productivity gains for 1987-96 were recorded in two of
the four trade industries at the 2-digit level and in 23 of
the 28 industries at the 3-digit level.  The trade sector
includes some of the largest industries in the U.S.
economy.  Virtually all of the trade industries for which
labor productivity data are available are in the retail
sector.  The two largest, eating and drinking places and
food stores, recorded declining productivity during the
1987-96 period.  The other two, apparel and accessory
stores and home furniture, furnishings, and equipment
stores, recorded gains in productivity during the period.

     Of the four trade industries at the 3-digit level with
employment in excess of one million, all but one recorded
gains in output per hour for the overall 1987-96 period.
Productivity rose at an average annual rate of 1.3 percent
in department stores, 1.8 percent in miscellaneous shopping
goods stores, and 0.8 percent in new and used car dealers
from 1987 to 1996.  Productivity fell 1.3 percent per year,
on average, in grocery stores during the period.  In 1996,
declines at the 2-digit level were recorded in eating and
drinking places and food stores, but the two other 2-digit
trade industries showed gains.


Finance and Services

     From 1987 to 1996, output per hour increased in seven
of the nine finance and services industries at the 3-digit
level for which productivity data are available, including
all five of the largest industries.  Labor productivity
rose 1.0 percent per year, on average, in hotels and
motels, 3.1 percent in commercial banks, 1.4 percent in
automotive repair shops, 0.5 percent in beauty shops, and
0.9 percent in laundry, cleaning and garment services
during the period.  For 1996,  five of the nine industries
recorded gains.


Coverage

           With the expansion announced today, the BLS
industry productivity series now covers 100 percent of
employment in the manufacturing sector, 96 percent of
employment in mining, 90 percent in communications and
utilities, 78 percent in trade, 57 percent in
transportation, and 17 percent in finance and services.
The construction sector is not covered in the industry
productivity measures.  All together, the industry
productivity measures now cover 54 percent of employment in
the nonfarm business sector.  In the sectors with low
coverage, a lack of adequate basic data and, in some cases,
serious conceptual issues have prevented development of
productivity measures.  (The coverage percentages noted
here relate to unpublished as well as published industry
series; for a discussion of series that do not meet BLS
publication standards, see Notes below.)


Notes

     The productivity measures in this news release
describe the relationship between output and the labor time
involved in its production.  They show the changes from
period to period in the amount of goods and services
produced per hour.  Although these measures relate output
to hours of employees, or hours of all persons, engaged in
an industry, they do not measure the specific contribution
of labor, capital, or any other factor of production.
Rather, they reflect the joint effects of many influences,
including changes in technology; capital investment; level
of output; utilization of capacity, energy, and materials;
the organization of production; managerial skill; and the
characteristics and effort of the workforce.  Changes in
labor productivity over time reflect change in these
influences.

     The data in this news release reflect revisions to
series as published in BLS Bulletin 2491 (August 1997) and
in table 42 of the Monthly Labor Review.  The 1996 data are
preliminary and are subject to revision.  Published
industry productivity data are available on the Internet at
http://stats.bls.gov.  Productivity series for an
additional 228 industries were developed but withheld from
publication because they did not meet BLS publication
standards; these series include some previously published
industries.  Data for industries for which measures were
developed but did not meet publication standards are
available upon request from the Office of Productivity and
Technology (202-606-5618).  Data for industries published
previous to this release are available for years prior to
1987, in many cases beginning in 1958 and, in a few cases,
in 1947.  For a description of the methods and data sources
used in the construction of the productivity series, see
the forthcoming article "BLS Completes Major Expansion of
Industry Productivity Series" in the Monthly Labor Review.

     In the table presented here, series for which there is
only one 4-digit industry within the 3-digit industry group
are listed as 3-digit industries.  In some cases, an entire
3-digit series was withheld from publication because it did
not meet publication standards.   Series also are presented
for 30 combination industries (aggregates of two or more 4-
digit industries not comprising an entire 3-digit group or
aggregates of two or more 3-digit industries not comprising
an entire 2-digit group).   The combination industries
within the manufacturing and personal services sectors will
no longer be published after this press release.
     
           Information in this release is available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request.  Voice phone:
202-606-7828, TDD phone: 202-606-5897, TDD message referral
phone number: 1-800-326-2577.
Table 1. Average annual percent change in output per hour, output, and employee hours for selected industries                                           
							
                                                                                                 Average annual percent change               
                                                                  1996                             1987-96                         1995-96
SIC Code                Industry                               Employment (1)      Output                           Employee        Output
                                                               (thousands)        per hour (2)      Output           hours         per hour (2)
							
		Mining					
                                                                    
102             Copper ores                                           16              1.6             4.6             2.9             -1.2        
104             Gold and silver ores                                  20              3.4             7.6             4.0             -6.5        
1041            Gold ores                                             18              2.5             8.0             5.4             -5.2        
12              Coal mining                                           96              6.0             1.1            -4.7              9.0        
122             Bituminous coal and lignite mining                    90              6.1             1.0            -4.8              9.3        
13              Oil and gas extraction                               317              1.1            -0.9            -2.0             -0.2         
131             Crude petroleum and natural gas                      143              2.6            -0.9            -3.5              5.9        
14              Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels                   106              0.5             0.4             0.0             -0.1        
142             Crushed and broken stone                              40              0.8             1.2             0.4              2.4        
							
		Manufacturing					
							
201             Meat products                                        481             -0.4             2.2             2.6             -4.6        
2011,13         Red meat products                                    243             -0.5             1.1             1.6             -6.2        
2011            Meat packing plants                                  147             -0.5             0.6             1.1             -5.4        
2013            Sausages and other prepared meats                     96             -0.4             2.0             2.4             -7.4        
2015            Poultry slaughtering and processing                  238              2.1             6.0             3.8             -1.5        
202             Dairy products                                       144              1.5             0.4            -1.1             -0.7        
2022            Cheese, natural and processed                         41              1.9             2.1             0.2             -1.6        
2023            Dry, condensed, and evaporated dairy products         17             -0.9            -0.4             0.5              0.0        
2024            Ice cream and frozen desserts                         22              3.3             3.7             0.4              7.3        
2026            Fluid milk                                            62              1.3            -1.4            -2.6             -3.0        
							
203             Preserved fruits and vegetables                      237              1.0             1.7             0.7              0.3        
2032            Canned specialties                                    20              2.5             1.4            -1.0              4.5        
2033            Canned fruits and vegetables                          77              0.6             0.6             0.0              0.4        
2037            Frozen fruits and vegetables                          48              2.4             2.3            -0.1             11.9        
2038            "Frozen specialties, n.e.c."                          52              0.3             4.2             3.9             -4.3        
204             Grain mill products                                  127              0.8             1.2             0.5             -6.8        
2041,45         Flour (inc. flour mixes) and other grains             33              1.8             1.8             0.0             -5.9        
2041            Flour and other grain mill products                   19              2.3             0.4            -1.9            -12.4        
2043            Cereal breakfast foods                                20             -1.7            -0.6             1.1            -18.6        
2045            Prepared flour mixes and doughs                       13              1.4             5.4             3.9              5.1        
                                                           
2047,48         Prepared feeds for animals and fowls                  60              0.6             1.1             0.5             -7.0        
2047            Dog and cat food                                      19             -2.7             1.8             4.7             -6.0        
2048            Prepared feeds, n.e.c.                                41              1.8             0.8            -1.0             -7.4        
205             Bakery products                                      210             -0.5            -0.7            -0.2             -2.0        
2051            Bread, cake, and related products                    149             -1.8            -2.5            -0.7             -3.7        
2052            Cookies and crackers                                  51              0.5             1.5             1.0              1.6        
206             Sugar and confectionery products                      99              1.0             1.3             0.3              4.9        
2061,62,63      Sugar                                                 18              3.3             1.3            -1.9              8.4        
2064            Candy and other confectionery products                59              1.6             2.6             0.9              5.6        
2066            Chocolate and cocoa products                          13              0.0            -0.9            -0.9              8.9        
							
207             Fats and oils                                         31              1.4             1.2            -0.2             -9.3        
208             Beverages                                            179              3.3             2.1            -1.2              0.8        
See footnotes at end of table.							
Table 1. Average annual percent change in output per hour, output, and employee hours for selected industries---Continued                                               
							
                                                                                                 Average annual percent change               
                                                                  1996                             1987-96                         1995-96
SIC Code                Industry                               Employment (1)      Output                           Employee        Output
                                                               (thousands)        per hour (2)      Output           hours         per hour (2)
							
2082            Malt beverages                                        37              1.9             1.3            -0.5              1.7        
2084            Wines, brandy, and brandy spirits                     20              1.1             4.0             2.9              5.5        
2086            Bottled and canned soft drinks                        93              5.6             2.9            -2.5              1.7        
2087            Flavoring extracts and syrups, n.e.c.                 20              0.1             3.4             3.3             -3.8        
209             Miscellaneous food and kindred products              186              0.8             2.2             1.4              4.4        
2092            Fresh or frozen prepared fish                         47             -2.2             0.8             3.1              4.6        
2096            Potato chips and similar snacks                       33              4.8             4.8            -0.1             11.9        
2099            Food preparations, n.e.c.                             72             -0.1             2.8             2.9             -0.2        
211,2,3         Tobacco products                                      34              4.0             0.5            -3.3              1.6        
211,3           Cigarettes, chewing and smoking tobacco               31              4.1             0.5            -3.4              2.9        
							
211             Cigarettes                                            28              4.4             0.7            -3.6              3.4        
221,2           Cotton and synthetic broadwoven fabrics              141              4.3             0.7            -3.5              3.5        
221             Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton                       75              3.6            -0.1            -3.6              2.9        
222             Broadwoven fabric mills, manmade                      66              4.7             1.2            -3.4              4.1        
224             Narrow fabric mills                                   21              2.7             1.3            -1.4              7.3        
225             Knitting mills                                       180              4.6             2.2            -2.3              8.5        
2251,52         Hosiery                                               61              4.1             1.9            -2.2             14.1        
2251            Women's hosiery, except socks                         21              4.7            -1.3            -5.7              1.2        
2252            Hosiery, n.e.c.                                       40              3.4             4.0             0.5             22.2        
2253            Knit outerwear mills                                  54              9.0             5.9            -2.9             12.8        
							
226             Textile finishing, except wool                        69             -2.5            -1.1             1.4              1.7        
2261            Finishing plants, cotton                              32              0.3             3.7             3.3              1.4        
2262            Finishing plants, manmade                             22             -1.8            -2.3            -0.5              6.9        
227             Carpets and rugs                                      61              0.1             0.3             0.2              5.6        
228             Yarn and thread mills                                 87              4.4             1.3            -3.0              7.0        
2281            Yarn spinning mills                                   65              4.7             0.9            -3.6             11.9        
2282            Throwing and winding mills                            16              3.2             2.6            -0.6             -6.1        
229             Miscellaneous textile goods                           51              2.5             2.2            -0.3              1.4        
2297            Nonwoven fabrics                                      12              0.4             4.1             3.7             -2.2        
231             Men's and boys' suits and coats                       33             -0.4            -6.5            -6.1              4.3        
							
232             Men's and boys' furnishings                          224              3.3            -0.3            -3.5              8.6        
2321            Men's and boys' shirts                                47              6.1            -0.3            -6.0              9.8        
2325            Men's and boys' trousers and slacks                   76              2.6             0.4            -2.1              3.8        
2326            Men's and boys' work clothing                         33              5.1             0.1            -4.8             19.2        
2329            Men's and boys' clothing, n.e.c.                      44              1.0            -0.2            -1.3              6.9        
233             Women's and misses' outerwear                        255              4.2             0.5            -3.5              6.4        
2331            Women's, misses', and juniors' blouses and shirts     26              3.9            -2.6            -6.3             11.1        
2337            Women's, misses', and juniors' suits and coats        25              2.6            -2.3            -4.7             15.0        
234             Women's and children's undergarments                  41              6.2            -0.5            -6.3              6.4        
2341            Women's and children's underwear                      30              4.6            -3.4            -7.6             11.1        
							
235             Hats, caps, and millinery                             19             -2.3             0.7             3.1             -4.1        
238             Miscellaneous apparel and accessories                 34              2.2            -0.3            -2.4              3.9        
239             Miscellaneous fabricated textile products            221              0.7             2.3             1.6             -2.6        
2391            Curtains and draperies                                20             -3.2            -5.8            -2.7            -13.7        
2392            Housefurnishings, n.e.c.                              55              1.5             2.1             0.6             -0.2        
See footnotes at end of table.							
Table 1. Average annual percent change in output per hour, output, and employee hours for selected industries---Continued                                               
							
                                                                                                 Average annual percent change               
                                                                  1996                             1987-96                         1995-96
SIC Code                Industry                               Employment (1)      Output                           Employee        Output
                                                               (thousands)        per hour (2)      Output           hours         per hour (2)
							
2394            Canvas and related products                           19             -2.4            -1.1             1.3              4.4        
2395            Pleating and stitching                                19             -5.8            -3.3             2.7            -14.8        
2396            Automotive and apparel trimmings                      62             -0.3             4.2             4.5             -6.0        
2399            Fabricated textile products, n.e.c.                   30              5.2             5.8             0.5              7.3        
241             Logging                                               80             -1.7            -2.0            -0.4              0.0        
242             Sawmills and planing mills                           182              1.5             0.4            -1.1              4.3        
2421            Sawmills and planing mills, general                  145              1.7             0.3            -1.3              5.2        
2426            Hardwood dimension and flooring mills                 36              1.6             1.9             0.3             -2.0        
243             Millwork, plywood, and structural members            288             -0.9            -0.2             0.8             -0.7        
2431            Millwork                                             114             -1.6            -1.1             0.5              1.5        
							
2434            Wood kitchen cabinets                                 79              0.0             1.0             1.0             -2.5        
2435,36         Veneer and plywood                                    58             -1.8            -2.0            -0.3             -3.9        
2435            Hardwood veneer and plywood                           28             -2.1            -0.3             1.9             -1.8        
2436            Softwood veneer and plywood                           31             -0.7            -2.5            -1.8             -5.2        
2439            Structural wood members, n.e.c.                       37              2.4             5.7             3.3              3.2        
244             Wood containers                                       53              0.7             3.4             2.6              0.4        
2448            Wood pallets and skids                                41             -0.4             3.8             4.2              0.5        
245             Wood buildings and mobile homes                       89             -0.3             2.5             2.9              0.0        
2451            Mobile homes                                          68              0.0             4.8             4.8              0.9        
2452            Prefabricated wood buildings                          21             -0.8            -2.4            -1.6             -2.8        
							
249             Miscellaneous wood products                           89              1.5             1.7             0.2             -1.1        
2491            Wood preserving                                       12              1.7             0.7            -1.0             -7.2        
2493            Reconstituted wood products                           21              1.2             4.0             2.8              1.9        
2499            Wood products, n.e.c.                                 56              0.7             0.2            -0.5             -0.8        
251             Household furniture                                  275              2.3             0.8            -1.5              4.5        
2511,17         Wood household furniture                             129              1.4            -0.3            -1.7              3.0        
2511            Wood household furniture                             124              1.1            -0.4            -1.5              3.1        
2512            Upholstered household furniture                       86              4.4             2.4            -1.9              6.2        
2514            Metal household furniture                             21             -0.3            -2.8            -2.5              4.4        
2515            Mattresses and bedsprings                             33              1.4             2.8             1.4              3.7        
							
252             Office furniture                                      62              0.7            -0.6            -1.3              5.7        
2521            Wood office furniture                                 29              0.3            -1.4            -1.7              4.0        
2522            Office furniture, except wood                         33              0.7            -0.3            -1.0              7.2        
253             Public building and related furniture                 43              6.7            11.8             4.7              3.8        
254             Partitions and fixtures                               85             -0.3             1.4             1.7             -3.8        
2541            Wood partitions and fixtures                          49             -1.7             0.5             2.2             -6.0        
2542            Partitions and fixtures, except wood                  37              1.2             2.2             1.0             -1.1        
259             Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures                  38              1.4             1.7             0.3              3.2        
2591            Drapery hardware and blinds and shades                21              0.2            -0.6            -0.8             -1.2        
2599            Furniture and fixtures, n.e.c.                        17              1.7             3.4             1.7              4.5        
							
261,2,3         Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills                    223              1.8             0.9            -0.8             -4.0        
261             Pulp mills                                            13              3.2             1.3            -1.8              0.6        
262             Paper mills                                          161              1.3             0.5            -0.8             -6.0        
263             Paperboard mills                                      50              1.9             1.2            -0.7             -0.7        
265             Paperboard containers and boxes                      218              0.7             1.6             0.9              1.3        
See footnotes at end of table.							
Table 1. Average annual percent change in output per hour, output, and employee hours for selected industries---Continued                                               
							
                                                                                                 Average annual percent change               
                                                                  1996                             1987-96                         1995-96
SIC Code                Industry                               Employment (1)      Output                           Employee        Output
                                                               (thousands)        per hour (2)      Output           hours         per hour (2)
							
2653            Corrugated and solid fiber boxes                     130              0.2             2.2             2.0              1.7        
2655            Fiber cans, drums, and similar products               15             -0.3            -0.9            -0.6             -2.0        
2656            Sanitary food containers                              18             -3.2            -1.8             1.5              1.1        
2657            Folding paperboard boxes                              48              2.7             2.0            -0.6              0.0        
267             Miscellaneous converted paper products               240              1.4             1.7             0.3              1.1        
2671            Paper coated and laminated, packaging                 22              3.0             4.4             1.3             10.1        
2672            Paper coated and laminated, n.e.c.                    47              1.3             2.9             1.5              3.3        
2673,74         Paper and plastic bags                                56             -0.2             0.7             0.9              5.2        
2673            Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated                 38              0.2             2.0             1.8              4.3        
2674            Bags: uncoated paper and multiwall                    18             -1.3            -2.0            -0.7              7.0        
							
2675            Die-cut paper and board                               20             -1.5             0.7             2.3             -0.1        
2676            Sanitary paper products                               30              2.2             1.7            -0.5             -2.9        
2677            Envelopes                                             24              1.8             0.4            -1.3             -0.1        
2679            Converted paper products, n.e.c.                      35              4.7             2.9            -1.7             -2.8        
271             Newspapers                                           442             -2.8            -3.5            -0.7             -2.4        
272             Periodicals                                          132             -1.1            -0.4             0.7              2.7        
273             Books                                                125              0.1             1.4             1.4             -1.1        
2731            Book publishing                                       86              0.8             1.2             0.4             -0.6        
2732            Book printing                                         39             -1.2             2.5             3.7             -1.6        
274             Miscellaneous publishing                              86             -0.8             0.5             1.2             -1.5        
							
275             Commercial printing                                  564              0.9             1.9             0.9              1.3        
2752            Commercial printing, lithographic                    367              0.9             1.9             1.0              1.0        
2754            Commercial printing, gravure                          20             -1.2             3.0             4.2             -4.5        
2759            Commercial printing, n.e.c.                          177              0.9             1.4             0.5              5.2        
276             Manifold business forms                               44             -3.2            -4.4            -1.2             -3.1        
277             Greeting cards                                        27             -0.9             0.9             1.9             -0.8        
278             Blankbooks and bookbinding                            66              1.6             0.8            -0.7              5.8        
2782            Blankbooks and looseleaf binders                      38              2.1             0.6            -1.5              3.5        
2789            Bookbinding and related work                          28              0.9             1.4             0.4             10.8        
279             Printing trade services                               52              2.7             1.3            -1.3              8.6        
							
2791            Typesetting                                           19              5.3            -1.5            -6.4             18.3        
2796            Platemaking services                                  32             -0.3             3.1             3.4              3.7        
281             Industrial inorganic chemicals                        83              0.7             0.3            -0.4              1.1        
2813            Industrial gases                                      24             -1.7             0.1             1.8             -7.6        
2816            Inorganic pigments                                    12              0.5             2.0             1.5              4.7        
2819            Industrial inorganic chemicals, n.e.c.                37              2.6             0.5            -2.1              2.7        
282             Plastics materials and synthetics                    159              2.5             2.0            -0.5             -2.7        
2821            Plastics materials and resins                         76              2.4             2.6             0.2             -3.5        
2822            Synthetic rubber                                      17              0.7             2.7             1.9             -4.7        
2823,24         Synthetic fibers                                      66              2.1             0.5            -1.6             -2.3        
							
2824            Organic fibers, noncellulosic                         49              3.4             0.8            -2.5             -4.7        
283             Drugs                                                259              1.5             3.6             2.1              6.0        
2834            Pharmaceutical preparations                          206             -0.4             1.6             2.0              4.7        
284             Soaps, cleaners, and toilet goods                    154              2.2             2.3             0.1              2.2        
See footnotes at end of table.							
Table 1. Average annual percent change in output per hour, output, and employee hours for selected industries---Continued                                               
							
                                                                                                 Average annual percent change               
                                                                  1996                             1987-96                         1995-96
SIC Code                Industry                               Employment (1)      Output                           Employee        Output
                                                               (thousands)        per hour (2)      Output           hours         per hour (2)
							
2841            Soap and other detergents                             41              2.5             1.3            -1.1              0.5        
2842            Polishes and sanitation goods                         34              2.3             1.9            -0.5             -0.5        
2844            Toilet preparations                                   72              2.4             3.3             0.9              7.2        
285             Paints and allied products                            53              2.4             0.6            -1.8              5.2        
286             Industrial organic chemicals                         144             -0.2            -0.4            -0.2             -0.2        
2865            Cyclic crudes and intermediates                       26              2.4             1.4            -1.0              3.6        
2869            Industrial organic chemicals, n.e.c.                 116             -0.8            -0.6             0.2             -0.8        
287             Agricultural chemicals                                52              1.1             1.6             0.5              2.4        
2879            Agricultural chemicals, n.e.c.                        24             -0.3             2.3             2.5              8.8        
289             Miscellaneous chemical products                       93              1.1             0.9            -0.1              2.2        
							
2891            Adhesives and sealants                                25             -0.9             0.0             1.0              8.6        
2893            Printing ink                                          16              0.7             3.1             2.4              1.4        
2899            Chemical preparations, n.e.c.                         42              0.9             1.4             0.6             -2.3        
291             Petroleum refining                                   100              4.0             1.3            -2.5              7.4        
295             Asphalt paving and roofing materials                  27              1.5             1.7             0.2              2.8        
2951            Asphalt paving mixtures and blocks                    14              0.2             1.2             1.0              6.6        
2952            Asphalt felts and coatings                            13              2.9             2.3            -0.6             -1.1        
299             Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products             14             -1.6             0.5             2.1             -1.1        
2992            Lubricating oils and greases                          12             -1.3             0.6             1.9             -0.9        
301             Tires and inner tubes                                 80              3.7             2.8            -0.9              5.9        
							
305             Hose and belting and gaskets and packing              68              0.8             3.3             2.5              2.5        
3052            Rubber and plastics hose and belting                  28              0.1             1.3             1.2             -0.8        
3053            Gaskets, packing, and sealing devices                 40              1.4             5.0             3.6              4.9        
306             Fabricated rubber products, n.e.c.                   113              1.9             2.8             0.8             -1.2        
3061            Mechanical rubber goods                               50              3.2             3.5             0.3             -1.8        
3069            Fabricated rubber products, n.e.c.                    63              1.4             2.7             1.3             -0.5        
308             Miscellaneous plastics products, n.e.c.              714              2.4             4.7             2.2              3.4        
3081            Unsupported plastics film and sheet                   63              1.4             3.9             2.5              2.5        
3082            Unsupported plastics profile shapes                   24              7.0             5.2            -1.7             -2.6        
3083            Laminated plastics plate, sheet, and profile shapes   24             -3.6            -1.0             2.7              1.0        
							
3084            Plastics pipe                                         17              3.0             5.1             2.0              9.3        
3085            Plastics bottles                                      32              5.4             7.1             1.6              4.6        
3086            Plastics foam products                                56              2.9             4.2             1.3              4.8        
3087            Custom compounding of purchased plastics resins       26              7.8             8.2             0.3              2.5        
3088            Plastics plumbing fixtures                            18              4.5            11.3             6.5             -2.7        
3089            Plastics products, n.e.c.                            454              2.1             4.7             2.6              3.9        
314             Footwear, except rubber                               45              2.6            -4.6            -7.0              7.5        
3143            Men's footwear, except athletic                       23              2.9            -2.4            -5.1              6.5        
3144            Women's footwear, except athletic                     13             -2.4           -11.2            -9.1             -3.6        
316             Luggage                                               11              0.9             0.6            -0.3             19.9        
							
317             Handbags and personal leather goods                   11             -1.9            -6.5            -4.7              2.6        
321             Flat glass                                            16              0.5             0.8             0.4              4.6        
322             Glass and glassware, pressed or blown                 72              2.2             0.4            -1.8              5.3        
3221            Glass containers                                      28              1.9            -2.7            -4.5              8.0        
See footnotes at end of table.							
Table 1. Average annual percent change in output per hour, output, and employee hours for selected industries---Continued                                               
							
                                                                                                 Average annual percent change               
                                                                  1996                             1987-96                         1995-96
SIC Code                Industry                               Employment (1)      Output                           Employee        Output
                                                               (thousands)        per hour (2)      Output           hours         per hour (2)
							
3229            Pressed and blown glass, n.e.c.                       44              3.1             3.8             0.6              3.9        
323             Products of purchased glass                           60              2.5             4.4             1.8             17.4        
324             Cement, hydraulic                                     17              2.8             1.4            -1.4              2.9        
325             Structural clay products                              33              2.0             0.4            -1.6              7.1        
3251,53,59      Clay construction products                            26              3.0             0.5            -2.4             10.8        
3251            Brick and structural clay tile                        14              2.4            -0.5            -2.8              9.9        
326             Pottery and related products                          40              2.0             2.9             0.9              9.2        
3269            Pottery products, n.e.c.                              14             -1.1             1.5             2.6             20.9        
327             Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products               212              0.8             1.0             0.2              2.8        
3271,72         Concrete products                                     88              2.5             2.2            -0.2              9.3        
							
3271            Concrete block and brick                              18              2.6             1.2            -1.4             10.7        
3272            Concrete products, n.e.c.                             70              2.5             2.5             0.1              8.9        
3273            Ready-mixed concrete                                 106             -0.7             0.1             0.8             -1.7        
3275            Gypsum products                                       13              3.1             1.8            -1.2              5.7        
329             Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products            74              1.2             1.3             0.1              3.2        
3291            Abrasive products                                     20              1.4             0.5            -0.9              6.7        
3295            Minerals, ground or treated                           13              0.9             1.7             0.8             -6.5        
3296            Mineral wool                                          24              1.9             1.3            -0.6              6.3        
331             Blast furnace and basic steel products               240              4.9             3.7            -1.1              7.7        
3312            Blast furnaces and steel mills                       169              5.8             3.9            -1.8             11.5        
							
3315            Steel wire and related products                       21              1.7             3.0             1.3             -9.4        
3316            Cold finishing of steel shapes                        17              1.5             2.0             0.6             -2.3        
3317            Steel pipe and tubes                                  27              3.2             4.7             1.5              6.8        
332             Iron and steel foundries                             129              1.6             2.0             0.3              2.7        
3321            Gray and ductile iron foundries                       82              1.7             2.3             0.6              4.5        
3324,25         Steel foundries                                       43              0.4             1.4             1.0             -1.2        
3324            Steel investment foundries                            16             -1.5             0.2             1.7             -6.1        
3325            Steel foundries, n.e.c.                               27              1.9             2.4             0.6              1.6        
333             Primary nonferrous metals                             40              1.1             1.0            -0.2             -0.1        
3334            Primary aluminum                                      23              0.7             0.8             0.1              4.4        
							
335             Nonferrous rolling and drawing                       168              0.3            -0.2            -0.5              4.6        
3351            Copper rolling and drawing                            22              0.4             0.4             0.0              6.9        
3353,54,55      Aluminum rolling and drawing                          59             -0.4            -1.1            -0.7             -1.7        
3353            Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil                       22              1.2            -1.3            -2.5              2.3        
3354            Aluminum extruded products                            32             -0.8            -1.0            -0.2             -4.1        
3356            Nonferrous rolling and drawing, n.e.c.                14              1.7             1.0            -0.7              7.4        
3357            Nonferrous wiredrawing and insulating                 73              2.0             1.5            -0.5             11.1        
336             Nonferrous foundries (castings)                       89              2.3             3.0             0.7              4.1        
3363            Aluminum die-castings                                 37             -1.1             3.5             4.7              1.1        
3365            Aluminum foundries                                    24              4.9             3.4            -1.4              5.4        
							
339             Miscellaneous primary metal products                  29              4.6             6.1             1.5             -1.7        
3398            Metal heat treating                                   18              6.1             8.9             2.6             -0.8        
3399            Primary metal products, n.e.c.                        11              3.4             3.3            -0.1             -2.7        
341             Metal cans and shipping containers                    39              5.0             0.7            -4.1              7.7        
See footnotes at end of table.                                          
Table 1. Average annual percent change in output per hour, output, and employee hours for selected industries---Continued                                               
							
                                                                                                 Average annual percent change               
                                                                  1996                             1987-96                         1995-96
SIC Code                Industry                               Employment (1)      Output                           Employee        Output
                                                               (thousands)        per hour (2)      Output           hours         per hour (2)
							
3411            Metal cans                                            32              5.3             1.0            -4.1              8.2        
342             Cutlery, handtools, and hardware                     125              1.8             1.2            -0.6              6.0        
3421            Cutlery                                               12              2.1             3.5             1.4              3.5        
3423            Hand and edge tools, n.e.c.                           36              0.7             0.5            -0.2              5.7        
3429            Hardware, n.e.c.                                      69              1.6             0.4            -1.2              4.6        
343             Plumbing and heating, except electric                 58              1.9             1.2            -0.7              8.6        
3432            Plumbing fixture fittings and trim                    23              3.0             1.1            -1.8             13.7        
3433            Heating equipment, except electric                    20              2.8             1.7            -1.1             -1.4        
344             Fabricated structural metal products                 439              0.7             1.5             0.8              0.8        
3441            Fabricated structural metal                           75              1.4             1.3             0.0              1.0        
							
3442            Metal doors, sash, and trim                           76             -0.1            -0.4            -0.3              3.0        
3443            Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)                 101              1.0             2.6             1.6              2.3        
3444            Sheet metal work                                     116             -0.5             1.9             2.4             -3.9        
3446            Architectural metal work                              30              1.1             0.7            -0.4              3.5        
3448            Prefabricated metal buildings                         28              0.1             1.1             1.0             -1.7        
3449            Miscellaneous metal work                              13              6.2             2.8            -3.2              4.1        
345             Screw machine products, bolts, etc.                  101              1.1             2.2             1.1              0.7        
3451            Screw machine products                                52              3.1             4.8             1.6              1.9        
3452            Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers                      49             -0.1             0.4             0.5             -0.5        
346             Metal forgings and stampings                         253              1.4             2.8             1.4              4.0        
							
3462            Iron and steel forgings                               30              1.8             2.1             0.4              8.8        
3465,66,69      Metal stampings                                      215              1.5             3.0             1.5              4.3        
3465            Automotive stampings                                 117              1.2             3.4             2.1              4.1        
3469            Metal stampings, n.e.c.                               93              2.1             2.9             0.8              4.3        
347             Metal services, n.e.c.                               133              2.7             4.8             2.0             -0.1        
3471            Plating and polishing                                 81              0.7             1.9             1.2             -2.6        
3479            Metal coating and allied services                     52              3.9             7.4             3.3              1.2        
348             Ordnance and accessories, n.e.c.                      48             -1.5            -6.6            -5.2             -0.2        
3483            Ammunition, except for small arms, n.e.c.             24             -7.7           -13.2            -6.0            -10.0        
3484            Small arms                                            11              1.4            -1.7            -3.1             -3.0        
							
349             Miscellaneous fabricated metal products              254              0.9             2.6             1.7              2.1        
"3491,92,94"            Valves and pipe fittings                      85              1.8             2.3             0.5              2.3        
3491            Industrial valves                                     26              3.1             3.5             0.4              3.9        
3492            Fluid power valves and hose fittings                  33              2.6             4.8             2.2             -1.0        
3495            Wire springs                                          14              1.7             2.4             0.7             11.3        
3496            Miscellaneous fabricated wire products                55              3.3             3.9             0.6              4.0        
3498            Fabricated pipe and fittings                          29              2.7             6.6             3.8             -3.7        
3499            Fabricated metal products, n.e.c.                     61             -2.5             1.7             4.3              0.1        
351             Engines and turbines                                  84              3.6             2.6            -0.9             11.6        
3511            Turbines and turbine generator sets                   25              3.5             3.1            -0.3             16.4        
							
3519            Internal combustion engines, n.e.c.                   59              3.6             2.4            -1.1             10.0        
352             Farm and garden machinery                             99              3.5             4.3             0.7              1.4        
3523            Farm machinery and equipment                          73              4.5             5.5             1.0              4.0        
3524            Lawn and garden equipment                             26              2.1             2.2             0.1             -3.0        
353             Construction and related machinery                   232              2.4             3.8             1.3              1.4        
See footnotes at end of table.							
Table 1. Average annual percent change in output per hour, output, and employee hours for selected industries---Continued                                               
							
                                                                                                 Average annual percent change               
                                                                  1996                             1987-96                         1995-96
SIC Code                Industry                               Employment (1)      Output                           Employee        Output
                                                               (thousands)        per hour (2)      Output           hours         per hour (2)
							
3531            Construction machinery                                86              2.6             3.5             0.9             -2.0        
3535            Conveyors and conveying equipment                     40              0.5             2.9             2.4              0.8        
3537            Industrial trucks and tractors                        30              3.3             5.5             2.2             -4.1        
354             Metalworking machinery                               346              1.5             3.0             1.4              0.0        
3541,42         Machine tools                                         59              1.2             0.7            -0.5             -2.9
3541            Machine tools, metal cutting types                    41              0.7            -0.2            -0.8             -5.3
3544            Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures              165              1.7             3.8             2.1             -1.1        
3545            Machine tool accessories                              53              2.8             3.2             0.4              5.1        
3546            Power-driven handtools                                23              2.1             3.1             1.0              5.1        
3548            Welding apparatus                                     21             -1.3             1.5             2.8             -0.6        
							
355             Special industry machinery                           178              3.4             5.3             1.8              1.8        
3552            Textile machinery                                     15              4.8             1.4            -3.2             -3.1        
3554            Paper industries machinery                            22              0.4             3.6             3.2             -6.5        
3556            Food products machinery                               25              0.2            -0.1            -0.3             -4.2        
3559            Special industry machinery, n.e.c.                    81              3.9             8.5             4.4              2.7        
356             General industrial machinery                         257              1.0             2.6             1.5              0.9        
3561,63,94      Pumps and compressors                                 83              1.5             2.3             0.8              5.0        
3561,94         Pumps and pumping equipment                           57              1.0             1.1             0.1              2.0        
3561            Pumps and pumping equipment                           30             -0.1             1.4             1.5              4.5        
3562            Ball and roller bearings                              40              0.5             0.2            -0.3             -2.1        
							
3563            Air and gas compressors                               26              1.6             4.4             2.7             10.2        
3564            Blowers and fans                                      35              1.9             4.0             2.1              8.0        
3565            Packaging machinery                                   22              2.7             3.9             1.1             -6.2        
3567            Industrial furnaces and ovens                         19              3.7             5.1             1.3             -2.0        
3568            Power transmission equipment, n.e.c.                  22             -2.1             0.8             2.9             -2.5        
3569            General industrial machinery, n.e.c.                  46              0.9             3.2             2.3             -0.9        
358             Refrigeration and service machinery                  205              1.5             3.6             2.0              1.6        
3585            Refrigeration and heating equipment                  143              1.6             3.6             2.0              0.0        
3589            Service industry machinery, n.e.c.                    43              1.2             4.8             3.6              9.2        
359             Industrial machinery, n.e.c.                         349              4.0             5.7             1.7              2.4        
							
3592            Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves               23              4.3             0.9            -3.3              2.4        
3593            Fluid power cylinders and actuators                   19              1.0             1.0            -0.1              2.2        
3599            Industrial machinery, n.e.c.                         274              4.6             7.5             2.8              2.8        
361             Electric distribution equipment                       82              4.2             1.7            -2.4              1.5        
3612            Transformers, except electronic                       40              4.6             2.1            -2.5             -3.8        
3613            Switchgear and switchboard apparatus                  41              3.9             1.5            -2.3              5.7        
362             Electrical industrial apparatus                      156              4.9             3.5            -1.3              2.5        
3621            Motors and generators                                 76              4.7             3.2            -1.4              5.0        
3624            Carbon and graphite products                          10              2.7             2.9             0.2             -2.3        
3625            Relays and industrial controls                        60              5.0             3.3            -1.7              2.8        
							
363             Household appliances                                 121              2.7             1.6            -1.1             -0.5        
3631,32,33,39   Major household appliances                            82              2.3             1.6            -0.7             -1.5        
3632            Household refrigerators and freezers                  30              3.8             4.3             0.5              5.1        
3634            Electric housewares and fans                          28              2.6             0.0            -2.5             -3.1        
3635            Household vacuum cleaners                             11              4.0             4.8             0.8              9.9        
See footnotes at end of table.							
Table 1. Average annual percent change in output per hour, output, and employee hours for selected industries---Continued                                               
							
                                                                                                 Average annual percent change               
                                                                  1996                             1987-96                         1995-96
SIC Code                Industry                               Employment (1)      Output                           Employee        Output
                                                               (thousands)        per hour (2)      Output           hours         per hour (2)
							
364             Electric lighting and wiring equipment               178              1.8             1.0            -0.7              3.2        
3641            Electric lamp bulbs and tubes                         23             -0.1            -1.5            -1.4              7.2        
3643            Current-carrying wiring devices                       62              3.9             1.6            -2.2              4.1        
3644            Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices                    17             -0.9             0.5             1.4              3.3        
3645,46,47,48   Lighting fixtures and equipment                       76              1.4             1.9             0.5              2.5        
3645            Residential lighting fixtures                         20              0.2            -2.8            -3.0              0.2        
3646            Commercial lighting fixtures                          25             -1.3             1.6             2.9              3.8        
3647            Vehicular lighting equipment                          18              2.2             2.9             0.8              0.9        
3648            Lighting equipment, n.e.c.                            13              2.4             4.9             2.4              3.1        
3652            Prerecorded records and tapes                         28             -1.0             2.0             3.1             -1.6        
							
366             Communications equipment                             269              7.2             7.0            -0.3             11.7        
3663            Radio and television communications equipment        127              7.1             8.4             1.2              5.5        
3675            Electronic capacitors                                 20              3.4             1.0            -2.3             -9.0        
3676            Electronic resistors                                  11             -2.9            -4.3            -1.5              1.6        
3677            Electronic coils and transformers                     19              1.2            -0.6            -1.8             -8.3        
3678            Electronic connectors                                 19             -4.3            -0.5             3.9             -1.6        
3679            Electronic components, n.e.c.                        137              9.3             8.5            -0.7              5.1        
369             Miscellaneous electrical equipment & supplies        153              2.3             1.5            -0.8              7.8        
3691            Storage batteries                                     27              1.1             1.5             0.4             -2.6        
3695            Magnetic and optical recording media                  17              6.6             5.3            -1.2             -2.2        
							
3699            Electrical equipment and supplies, n.e.c.             28              4.5             0.4            -3.9             15.1        
371             Motor vehicles and equipment                         963              0.7             2.4             1.8              0.2        
3711            Motor vehicles and car bodies                        342              2.0             1.5            -0.4              3.9        
3714            Motor vehicle parts and accessories                  528              1.8             5.7             3.8             -0.9        
3715            Truck trailers                                        34             -0.1             1.5             1.6             -7.2        
372             Aircraft and parts                                   460              0.7            -3.5            -4.1              3.0        
3721            Aircraft                                             244              4.0            -0.3            -4.2              8.1        
3724            Aircraft engines and engine parts                     95             -1.4            -6.6            -5.3              2.7        
3728            Aircraft parts and equipment, n.e.c.                 121              0.9            -2.2            -3.1             -6.5        
373             Ship and boat building and repairing                 157              0.1            -1.6            -1.7              2.6        
							
3731            Ship building and repairing                          101              0.5            -1.2            -1.8              5.0        
3732            Boat building and repairing                           56             -0.7            -2.2            -1.5             -1.9        
374             Railroad equipment                                    36              4.7             8.8             3.9             -2.5        
375             Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts                      22              2.4             9.7             7.2              2.4        
376             Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts                90              3.0            -6.0            -8.7              7.1        
3761            Guided missiles and space vehicles                    63              3.0            -6.8            -9.5              8.4        
381             Search and navigation equipment                      161              4.0            -4.1            -7.7             -5.2        
382             Measuring and controlling devices                    297              4.6             4.2            -0.4              2.7        
3821            Laboratory apparatus and furniture                    10             -1.5             0.4             2.0             -1.1        
3822            Environmental controls                                42              3.0             3.0             0.0             10.4        
							
3823            Process control instruments                           66              1.5             3.7             2.1              0.1        
3825            Instruments to measure electricity                    75              6.9             3.2            -3.5              2.3        
3826            Analytical instruments                                30              5.4             7.2             1.8             -1.1        
3827            Optical instruments and lenses                        20              2.7             4.1             1.3             -0.6        
3829            Measuring and controlling devices, n.e.c.             41              3.4             2.4            -0.9              7.8        
See footnotes at end of table.							
Table 1. Average annual percent change in output per hour, output, and employee hours for selected industries---Continued                                               
							
                                                                                                 Average annual percent change               
                                                                  1996                             1987-96                         1995-96
SIC Code                Industry                               Employment (1)      Output                           Employee        Output
                                                               (thousands)        per hour (2)      Output           hours         per hour (2)
							
384             Medical instruments and supplies                     268              3.8             6.2             2.3              7.3        
3841            Surgical and medical instruments                     104              6.1             7.4             1.2              6.9        
3842            Surgical appliances and supplies                      93              2.3             4.0             1.7              6.3        
3843            Dental equipment and supplies                         15              4.0             4.8             0.8              1.4        
3845            Electromedical equipment                              43              0.3             8.4             8.1             16.9        
385             Ophthalmic goods                                      36              7.3             6.7            -0.6             12.9        
386             Photographic equipment & supplies                     85              2.9             0.2            -2.6             -0.4        
391             Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware                  49              0.3            -0.5            -0.8              3.4        
3911            Jewelry, precious metal                               37             -0.6            -0.7            -0.2              1.3        
393             Musical instruments                                   16             -2.6            -0.4             2.3             -9.2        
							
394             Toys and sporting goods                              114              2.0             4.0             1.9              5.7        
3944            Games, toys, and children's vehicles                  35              2.1             1.3            -0.8             -1.7        
3949            Sporting and athletic goods, n.e.c.                   73              2.0             5.7             3.6              9.4        
395             Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies               31              4.0             3.3            -0.7              6.7        
396             Costume jewelry and notions                           24              4.0             0.3            -3.6             -1.0        
3961            Costume jewelry                                       14              4.6             0.1            -4.2             -2.3        
3965            Fasteners, buttons, needles, and pins                 10              3.2             0.6            -2.6              2.4        
399             Miscellaneous manufactures                           153              1.4             2.5             1.1              4.9        
3991            Brooms and brushes                                    14              1.9             2.7             0.8              7.2        
3993            Signs and advertising specialties                     66              1.7             3.2             1.5              2.6        
							
3999            Manufacturing industries, n.e.c.                      58              1.2             2.6             1.5              7.5        
							
		Transportation					
4011            Railroad transportation                              205              5.9             3.0            -2.7              7.2        
4213            Trucking, except local                               826              3.0             3.4             0.4              4.3        
43              U.S. Postal Service (3)                              856              0.5             1.7             1.2             -1.6        
4512,13,22(PTS) Air transportation                                   620              1.2             4.3             3.1              2.2        
							
		Utilities					
							
481             Telephone communications                             898              5.4             5.6             0.1              9.3        
483             Radio and television broadcasting stations           243        (4)   1.4       (4)   1.7       (4)   0.2              n.a.
4832            Radio broadcasting stations                          115        (4)   4.1       (4)   3.0       (4)  -1.0              n.a.
4833            Television broadcasting stations                     128        (4)   0.0       (4)   1.2       (4)   1.2              n.a.
484             Cable and other pay television stations              171        (4)  -1.6       (4)   3.4       (4)   5.1              n.a.
491,2,3         Gas and electric utilities                           697              3.6             2.0            -1.6              7.7        
491,3(PT)       Electric utilities                                   519              4.3             2.6            -1.6              8.3        
492,3(PT)       Gas utilities                                        178              1.5             0.2            -1.3              6.6        
							
		Trade					
							
5093            Scrap and waste materials                            158              1.6             5.0             3.4              5.3        
521             Lumber and other building materials dealers          546              1.6             4.0             2.3              2.1        
523             Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores                    70              2.1             1.0            -1.0              4.4        
See footnotes at end of table.							
Table 1. Average annual percent change in output per hour, output, and employee hours for selected industries---Continued                                               
							
                                                                                                 Average annual percent change               
                                                                  1996                             1987-96                         1995-96
SIC Code                Industry                               Employment (1)      Output                           Employee        Output
                                                               (thousands)        per hour (2)      Output           hours         per hour (2)
							
525             Hardware stores                                      181              2.0             1.9            -0.1              7.4        
526             Retail nurseries, lawn and garden supply stores       98              1.9             1.2            -0.7             13.0        
531             Department stores                                   2388              1.3             4.2             2.8              3.8        
533             Variety stores                                       140              6.4            -0.6            -6.6             11.3        
539             Miscellaneous general merchandise stores             208              5.6             5.4            -0.2             -1.2        
54              Food stores                                         3610             -1.3            -0.1             1.2             -2.6        
541             Grocery stores                                      3141             -1.3             0.0             1.3             -2.0        
542             Meat and fish (seafood) markets                       59             -1.6            -3.4            -1.9             -9.7        
546             Retail bakeries                                      213             -2.8            -1.8             1.0             -8.4        
551             New and used car dealers                            1032              0.8             1.9             1.1              0.7        
							
553             Auto and home supply stores                          411              0.6             2.3             1.7             -0.4        
554             Gasoline service stations                            698              1.5             1.1            -0.4             -2.3        
56              Apparel and accessory stores                        1156              2.9             2.3            -0.5              5.2        
561             Men's and boy's wear stores                           85              2.9            -0.6            -3.3              3.1        
562             Women's clothing stores                              314              3.0            -0.4            -3.3              1.5        
565             Family clothing stores                               349              3.0             6.0             2.9              6.3        
566             Shoe stores                                          200              3.1             1.1            -2.0              5.3        
569             Miscellaneous apparel and accessory stores           102              1.6             5.1             3.4              7.3        
57              Home furniture, furnishings, and equipment stores   1101              4.0             5.9             1.8              2.9        
571             Furniture and homefurnishings stores                 570              1.9             2.6             0.7              3.0        
							
5712            Furniture stores                                     324              1.5             2.3             0.8              0.1        
5713            Floor covering stores                                103             -0.2            -0.2             0.0              6.9        
5719            Miscellaneous home furnishings stores                129              4.6             7.3             2.6              7.3        
572,3           Appliance, radio, television, and computer stores    531              6.4             9.8             3.2              2.4        
572             Household appliance stores                            87              2.8             1.3            -1.4             -0.8        
573             Radio, television, computer, and music stores        444              7.1            11.9             4.5              2.8        
5731            Radio, television, and electronic stores             197              6.7            10.4             3.4             -2.6        
5734            Computer and computer software stores                119             18.9            26.2             6.1             18.1        
5735            Record and prerecorded tape stores                    93              1.1             7.3             6.2              2.5        
58              Eating and drinking places                          7737             -0.2             1.7             1.9             -3.2        
							
5812            Eating places                                       7349             -0.1             1.9             2.0             -3.2        
5813            Drinking places                                      389             -2.1            -2.2            -0.2             -2.3        
591             Drug and proprietary stores                          624              0.6             1.2             0.6              1.1        
592             Liquor stores                                        137              1.1            -1.6            -2.6              7.4        
593             Used merchandise stores                              175             -0.4             3.7             4.1            -11.2        
594             Miscellaneous shopping goods stores                 1135              1.8             3.6             1.8              3.9        
5941            Sporting goods stores and bicycle shops              224              3.3             5.9             2.5              2.7        
5942            Book stores                                          130              1.3             5.5             4.1              1.4        
5943            Stationery stores                                     88             -5.2            -3.7             1.5            -14.1        
5944            Jewelry stores                                       169              2.5             1.1            -1.3              3.4        
							
5945            Hobby, toy, and game shops                           151              1.5             5.4             3.9             -2.1        
5947            Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops                    253              0.3             4.7             4.4             11.1        
5949            Sewing, needlework, and piece goods stores            57              1.2            -1.5            -2.7              3.1        
596             Nonstore retailers                                   558              2.9             4.7             1.8              0.2        
5961            Catalog and mail-order houses                        224              2.4             8.1             5.6             -0.1        
See footnotes at end of table.							
Table 1. Average annual percent change in output per hour, output, and employee hours for selected industries---Continued                                               
							
                                                                                                 Average annual percent change               
                                                                  1996                             1987-96                         1995-96
SIC Code                Industry                               Employment (1)      Output                           Employee        Output
                                                               (thousands)        per hour (2)      Output           hours         per hour (2)
							
5962            Merchandising machine operators                       82             -2.6            -3.6            -1.0            -17.3        
598             Fuel dealers                                         103             -1.1            -2.1            -1.1              2.0        
5983            Fuel oil dealers                                      54             -0.8            -3.0            -2.3              2.4        
599             Retail stores, n.e.c.                                635              2.7             4.4             1.7             12.4        
5992            Florists                                             161              0.8             0.2            -0.6             12.5        
							
		Finance and services					
							
602             Commercial banks                                    1466              3.1             2.1            -0.9              3.1        
701             Hotels and motels                                   1694              1.0             2.7             1.7             -0.5        
721             Laundry, cleaning, and garment services              524              0.9             1.4             0.5              2.8        
7213            Linen supply                                          68             -2.0            -1.1             0.9             -4.1        
7215            Coin-operated laundries and drycleaning               59              3.3             2.4            -0.9              5.7        
7216            Drycleaning plants, except rug cleaning              190             -1.6            -0.8             0.9             -0.9        
7217            Carpet and upholstery cleaning                        51              2.7             4.9             2.2              3.2        
7218            Industrial launderers                                 54              0.3             3.5             3.1              7.4        
722             Photographic studios, portrait                        91              2.3             6.1             3.7             -4.6        
723,4           Beauty and barber shops                              774              0.7             1.5             0.8              2.4        
							
723             Beauty shops                                         716              0.5             1.9             1.4              1.8        
724             Barber shops                                          58              2.3            -1.6            -3.8              7.6        
726             Funeral services and crematories                     104             -0.3             1.4             1.7             -2.7        
753             Automotive repair shops                              891              1.4             3.2             1.8             -4.7        
783             Motion picture theaters                              260             -0.9             1.5             2.4              3.4        
							

(1)  Employment figures are based primarily on data from the BLS Current Employment Statistics (CES) program and the Current Population                                                
Survey (CPS).  Other sources are: the Association of American Railroads, the Department of Transportation, and the U.S. Postal Service.
(2)  Output per employee hour is measured in all cases except:  (1) output per employee is used for SIC 4213 and SIC 4512,13,22 (PTS);
and (2) output per hour of all persons is used for all trade and services industries except SIC 531 and SIC 551.  All persons includes
self-employed and unpaid family workers as well as employees.
(3)  Employee hours in SIC 43 are based on the number of full-time equivalent (FTE) employee years, as reported in the U.S. Postal Service
budget.  FTE employee years are computed by dividing total hours of full-time, part-time, and intermittent workers by the number
of hours in a standard work year.  The output and hours for SIC 43 reflect the Federal fiscal year.
(4)  1987 to 1995.