For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, March 20, 2024 USDL-24-0544 

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VETERANS — 2023

The unemployment rate for veterans who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces at any 

time since September 2001—a group referred to as Gulf War-era II veterans—was little changed 

at 3.3 percent in 2023 and the rate for all veterans was unchanged at 2.8 percent, the U.S. Bureau 

of Labor Statistics reported today. In August 2023, 46 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans had a 

service-connected disability, compared with 30 percent of all veterans. 

This information was obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample 

survey of about 60,000 eligible households that provides data on employment, unemployment, 

and persons not in the labor force in the United States. Data about veterans are collected monthly 

in the CPS; these monthly data are the source of the 2023 annual averages presented in this news 

release. In August 2023, a supplement to the CPS collected additional information about veterans 

on topics such as service-connected disability and veterans' current or past Reserve or National 

Guard membership. The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans 

Affairs and the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and Training Service. For 

more information, see the Technical Note in this news release. 

Highlights from the 2023 data: 

• The unemployment rate for all veterans (2.8 percent) was lower than the rate for nonveterans 

(3.6 percent) in 2023. (See table A.) 

• The unemployment rate for male veterans (2.7 percent) was lower than for female veterans 

(3.2 percent) in 2023. Both measures were little changed over the year. (See table A.)

• Unemployment rates for White, Black, and Hispanic veterans were lower than for 

nonveterans in 2023, while the rate for Asian veterans was not statistically different than their 

nonveteran counterparts. (See table 1.)

• Among the 241,000 unemployed veterans in 2023, 60 percent were ages 25 to 54, 34 percent

were age 55 and over, and 6 percent were ages 18 to 24. (See table 2A.)

• In August 2023, the unemployment rate of Gulf War-era II veterans with a service-connected 

disability rose by 3.0 percentage points over the year to 6.4 percent, and the rate for veterans 
-2- 

without a service-connected disability increased by 2.1 percentage points to 4.0 percent. (See 

table 7.) 

• Gulf War-era II veterans who reported a service-connected disability rating of less than 30 

percent in August 2023 were much more likely to be in the labor force than those with a 

rating of 60 percent or higher (83.0 percent versus 67.9 percent). (See table 7.)

• In August 2023, 31.4 percent of employed veterans with a service-connected disability 

worked in the public sector, compared with 20.0 percent of veterans with no disability and 

12.5 percent of nonveterans. (See table 8.) 

The Veteran Population

In 2023, 17.9 million men and women were veterans, accounting for about 7 percent of the 

civilian noninstitutional population age 18 and over. Of all veterans, about 11 percent were 

women. In the survey, veterans are defined as men and women who have previously served on 

active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who were civilians at the time these data were 

collected. 

Veterans are much more likely to be men than are nonveterans, and they also tend to be older. In 

part, this reflects the characteristics of veterans who served during World War II, the Korean War, 

and the Vietnam era, all of whom are now over age 65. Veterans who served during these 

wartime periods accounted for one-third (6.0 million) of the total veteran population in 2023. 

Forty-five percent of veterans (8.0 million) served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August 

2001) or Gulf War era II (September 2001 to present). Another 22 percent (3.9 million) served 

outside these designated wartime periods. (See tables 1 and 2A.) 

The unemployment rates for veteran men (2.7 percent) and women (3.2 percent) changed little in 

2023. In comparison to nonveteran men and women, the unemployment rate for veteran men was 

lower than their nonveteran counterparts, while the rate for veteran women was little different 

from that of their nonveteran counterparts. Unemployment rates for White (2.7 percent), Black

(3.3 percent), Asian (2.5 percent), and Hispanic (2.9 percent) veterans were also little changed 

over the year and were not statistically different from each other in 2023. 

Gulf War-era II Veterans 

In 2023, there were 5.0 million veterans who had served during Gulf War era II (September 2001 

to present). Eighteen percent of these veterans were women, compared with about 4 percent of 

veterans from World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era. (See tables 1 and 2A.) 

The unemployment rate for Gulf War-era II veterans was little changed at 3.3 percent in 2023. 

Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rates for men and women were little 

changed over the year and not statistically different from each other (3.2 percent and 3.4 percent, 

respectively). (See table A.) 
-3- 

The unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era II veterans, at 3.2 percent, was lower than the rate 

for male nonveterans, at 3.8 percent, in 2023. By age, unemployment rates for male Gulf War-era 

II veterans and male nonveterans were not statistically different. (See table 2B.) 

The unemployment rate for female Gulf War-era II veterans, at 3.4 percent, was the same as the 

rate for female nonveterans in 2023. By age, unemployment rates for female Gulf War-era II 

veterans and nonveterans were not statistically different. (See table 2C.)

Employed Gulf War-era II veteran men were more likely to work in management, professional, 

and related occupations (42.4 percent) than were employed nonveteran men (39.8 percent). 

These veterans were also more likely to work in service occupations than their nonveteran 

counterparts (14.4 percent and 12.7 percent, respectively). Male veterans from Gulf War-era II 

were less likely to work in sales and office occupations than their nonveteran counterparts (11.8 

percent and 14.0 percent, respectively) and less likely to work in production, transportation, and 

material moving occupations (15.4 percent and 17.5 percent, respectively). For women, 

employed Gulf War-era II veterans were less likely to work in service occupations than their 

nonveteran counterparts (14.6 percent and 19.4 percent, respectively). Veteran women from this 

period of service were more likely to work in natural resources, construction, and maintenance 

occupations, at 2.3 percent, than nonveteran women at 1.1 percent. (See table 4.) 

Employed Gulf War-era II veteran men were more than twice as likely to work in the public 

sector in 2023 as their employed nonveteran counterparts—25.7 percent versus 10.2 percent. 

Employed female Gulf War-era II veterans were nearly twice as likely to work in the public 

sector than nonveteran women—30.3 percent versus 16.2 percent. Overall, among employed 

Gulf War-era II veterans, 14.3 percent worked for the federal government, compared with 2.2 

percent of nonveterans. (See table 5.) 

In August 2023, 39 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans reported serving in Iraq, Afghanistan, or 

both locations. The unemployment rate for these veterans rose by 2.5 percentage points to 4.8 

percent in August 2023. The rate for Gulf War-era II veterans who served elsewhere increased by 

2.4 percentage points to 4.8 percent in August 2023. (See table 10.) 

Gulf War-era I Veterans

In 2023, of the 3.0 million veterans who served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August 

2001), 15 percent were women. The overall unemployment rate for Gulf War-era I veterans was 

2.3 percent in 2023, little changed from the prior year. (See tables 1 and 2A.) 

In 2023, the unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era I veterans (2.4 percent) was lower than

that of male Gulf War-era II veterans (3.2 percent). The difference in unemployment rates 

reflects, at least in part, the older age profile of veterans who served during Gulf War era I. 

Younger people—whether veterans or nonveterans—tend to have higher unemployment rates 

than older people. The rate for female Gulf War-era I veterans (2.1 percent) was not statistically 

different than the rate for female Gulf War-era II veterans (3.4 percent). (See tables 2B and 2C.)
-4- 

Veterans of Other Service Periods 

In 2023, 3.9 million veterans had served on active duty during "other service periods," mainly 

between the Korean War and the Vietnam era and between the Vietnam era and Gulf War era I. In 

2023, about 1 in 10 veterans of other service periods were women. (See tables 1 and 2C.) 

The jobless rate for veterans of other service periods, at 2.4 percent, changed little in 2023. 

Among these veterans, the unemployment rate for Black or African Americans declined by 2.4 

percentage points to 2.0 percent. All other major demographic groups of these veterans showed 

little change over the year. (See table 1.) 

Veterans with a Service-connected Disability

In August 2023, 5.3 million veterans, or 30 percent of all veterans, had a service-connected

disability. Veterans with a service-connected disability are assigned a disability rating by the U.S. 

Department of Veterans Affairs or the U.S. Department of Defense. Ratings range from 0 to 100 

percent, in increments of 10 percentage points, depending on the severity of the condition. (See 

table 7.) 

Over the year, the unemployment rate for veterans with a service-connected disability rose by 2.4 

percentage points to 6.0 percent in August 2023. The rate for veterans with no service-connected 

disability changed little, at 3.1 percent, and was lower than the rate for veterans with a serviceconnected disability. The unemployment rate for male veterans with a service-connected 

disability (4.8 percent) changed little over the year. By contrast, the rate for female veterans with 

a service-connected disability, which tends to show more variability, rose by 9.1 percentage 

points to 12.3 percent. 

Among veterans with a service-connected disability in August 2023, 20 percent had a disability 

rating of less than 30 percent, while 56 percent had a rating of 60 percent or higher. Veterans 

with a service-connected disability rating of less than 30 percent were more likely to be in the 

labor force than those with a rating of 60 percent or higher (56.3 percent versus 46.3 percent). 

The unemployment rate for veterans with a disability rating of less than 30 percent was 8.9 

percent, not statistically different than the rate for those with a disability rating of 60 percent or 

higher, at 5.7 percent.

In August 2023, 46 percent (2.4 million) of veterans who served during Gulf War era II reported 

a service-connected disability. The labor force participation rate of Gulf War-era II veterans with 

a service-connected disability (73.0 percent) was much lower than the rate for veterans from this 

period with no service-connected disability (86.8 percent). Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the 

unemployment rate for those with a service-connected disability (6.4 percent) was not 

statistically different than the rate for those with no disability (4.0 percent). 

Among Gulf War-era II veterans with a service-connected disability, 65 percent reported a 

disability rating of 60 percent or higher in August 2023. Gulf War-era II veterans who reported a 

disability rating of less than 30 percent were much more likely to be in the labor force than those 

with a rating of 60 percent or higher (83.0 percent compared with 67.9 percent). The 
-5- 

unemployment rate for veterans of this service period with a disability rating of less than 30 

percent was 4.7 percent in August 2023, not statistically different than the rate for those with a 

disability rating of 60 percent or higher, at 6.9 percent.

In August 2023, 31 percent (907,000) of veterans who served during Gulf War era I reported a 

service-connected disability. Their labor force participation rate (59.8 percent) was lower than 

the rate for Gulf War-era I veterans who did not have a service-connected disability (78.6 

percent). The unemployment rate for Gulf War-era I veterans with a service-connected disability 

(5.6 percent) was higher than the rate for those without a service-connected disability (1.4 

percent).

Regardless of period of service, many veterans with a service-connected disability work in the 

public sector. In August 2023, 31.4 percent of employed veterans with a service-connected

disability worked in federal, state, or local government, compared with 20.0 percent of veterans

with no disability and 12.5 percent of nonveterans. Nineteen percent of employed veterans with a 

service-connected disability worked for the federal government, compared with 7.9 percent of 

veterans with no disability and 2.2 percent of nonveterans. (See table 8.)

Reserve and National Guard Membership

In August 2023, one-third (1.7 million) of Gulf War-era II veterans were current or past members 

of the Reserve or National Guard. The labor force participation rate for veterans of this period 

who were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard (82.7 percent) was not 

statistically different from the rate for veterans who had never been members (78.6 percent). 

Among Gulf War-era II veterans, those who were current or past members of the Reserve or 

National Guard had an unemployment rate of 4.2 percent, little changed from a year earlier, 

while the rate for those who had never been members rose to 5.3 percent. (See table 9.)
Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 18 years and over by veteran status,

period of service, and sex, 2022-2023 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status and period of service

2022 2023

Total Men Women Total Men Women

TOTAL VETERANS

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 18,370 16,342 2,027 17,898 15,858 2,040

Civilian labor force.................................................. 8,807 7,616 1,191 8,632 7,480 1,152

Participation rate.................................................. 47.9 46.6 58.7 48.2 47.2 56.5

Employed.......................................................... 8,557 7,400 1,158 8,391 7,276 1,115

Employment-population ratio................................. 46.6 45.3 57.1 46.9 45.9 54.6

Unemployed....................................................... 250 217 33 241 204 37

Unemployment rate............................................ 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 3.2

Not in labor force.................................................... 9,563 8,726 837 9,267 8,378 888

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 4,903 4,008 895 5,039 4,118 920

Civilian labor force.................................................. 3,918 3,257 660 4,008 3,342 665

Participation rate.................................................. 79.9 81.3 73.8 79.5 81.2 72.3

Employed.......................................................... 3,796 3,155 641 3,877 3,234 643

Employment-population ratio................................. 77.4 78.7 71.6 76.9 78.5 69.8

Unemployed....................................................... 121 102 19 131 109 22

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.3 3.2 3.4

Not in labor force.................................................... 985 751 235 1,031 776 255

NONVETERANS

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 236,451 107,655 128,795 239,789 109,935 129,854

Civilian labor force.................................................. 153,017 78,628 74,389 156,034 80,214 75,820

Participation rate.................................................. 64.7 73.0 57.8 65.1 73.0 58.4

Employed.......................................................... 147,523 75,756 71,768 150,472 77,192 73,280

Employment-population ratio................................. 62.4 70.4 55.7 62.8 70.2 56.4

Unemployed....................................................... 5,494 2,873 2,621 5,562 3,022 2,541

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.4

Not in labor force.................................................... 83,434 29,027 54,406 83,755 29,721 54,034

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf

War-era II veterans served on active duty anywhere in the world sometime since September 2001. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Effective with data for January 2023, estimates for veterans incorporate population controls derived from an updated Department

of Veterans Affairs population model.
Technical Note

The data in this news release were collected 

through the Current Population Survey (CPS). The 

CPS—a monthly survey of about 60,000 eligible 

households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the Bureau of Labor Statistics—obtains information 

on employment and unemployment among the nation's 

civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over.

Most of the data in this news release are annual 

averages, compiled from the results of the monthly 

survey. In August, a supplement to the CPS collected 

additional information about veterans on topics such 

as service-connected disability, veterans' Reserve or 

National Guard status, and veterans who served in Iraq 

and/or Afghanistan. The supplement was cosponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs 

and by the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' 

Employment and Training Service. Questions were 

asked of people 17 years of age and older regarding 

their prior service in the U.S. Armed Forces. Data is

tabulated for people 18 years of age and older.

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech 

disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.

 

Definitions

The definitions underlying the data in this news 

release are as follows:

Veterans are men and women who previously 

served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and 

who were civilians at the time they were surveyed. 

Members of the Reserve and National Guard are 

counted as veterans if they had ever been called to 

active duty. People who are on active duty at the time 

of the survey are outside the scope of the survey and 

thus not in the estimates shown here, as are people who 

reside in institutions, such as nursing homes and 

prisons.

World War II, Korean War, Vietnam-era, and 

Gulf War-era veterans are men and women who 

served in the U.S. Armed Forces during these periods 

of service, regardless of where in the world they 

served. Veterans who served in more than one wartime 

period are classified in the most recent one.

Veterans of other service periods are men and 

women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces at any 

time other than World War II, the Korean War, the 

Vietnam era, or the Gulf War era. Although U.S. 

Armed Forces were engaged in several armed conflicts 

during other service periods, these conflicts were more 

limited in scope and included a smaller proportion of 

the Armed Forces than the selected wartime periods. 

Veterans who served during one of the selected 

wartime periods and during another period are 

classified in the wartime period.

Nonveterans are men and women who never 

served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.

Veteran status is obtained from responses to the 

question, "Did you ever serve on active duty in the 

U.S. Armed Forces?"

Period of service identifies when a veteran 

served in the Armed Forces, but not the location of 

their service. It is obtained from answers to the 

question asked of veterans, "When did you serve on 

active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?" The following 

service periods are identified:

Gulf War era II — September 2001-present

Gulf War era I — August 1990-August 2001

Vietnam era — August 1964-April 1975

Korean War — July 1950-January 1955

World War II — December 1941-December 1946

Other service periods — All other time periods

Veterans could have served anywhere in the 

world during these periods of service. Veterans are 

counted only in one period of service, their most recent 

wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one 

wartime period are classified in the most recent one. 

Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any 

other service period are classified in the wartime 

period. The period-of-service definitions are modified 

occasionally to reflect changes in law, regulations, and 

program needs of the survey sponsors.

Veterans who served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or 

both are individuals who served in Iraq at any time 

since March 2003, in Afghanistan at any time since 

October 2001, or in both locations. Service in Iraq or 

Afghanistan is determined by answers to two 

questions: "Did you serve in Iraq, off the coast of Iraq, 

or did you fly missions over Iraq at any time since 

March 2003?" and "Did you serve in Afghanistan, or 

did you fly missions over Afghanistan, at any time 

since October 2001?"

Presence of service-connected disability is 

determined by answers to two questions beginning in 

August 2021: "Have you filed a claim for or received 
a rating from the Department of Veterans Affairs or 

the Department of Defense confirming that you have a 

service-connected disability; that is, a health condition 

or impairment caused or made worse by military 

service?” and (asked of those who said yes) “Did you 

receive a VA disability rating?” People who applied 

for and received a service-connected disability rating 

are classified as having a service-connected disability. 

People who applied for but did not receive a serviceconnected disability rating are classified as without a 

service-connected disability.

Service-connected disability rating is based on 

answers to the question, "What is your current VA 

service-connected disability rating?" Answers can 

range from 0 to 100 percent, in increments of 10 

percentage points. Ratings are determined by the VA 

or DoD from a rating schedule published in the Code 

of Federal Regulations, Title 38, "Pensions, Bonuses, 

and Veterans' Relief," Part 4—"Schedule for Rating 

Disabilities." The rating schedule is "primarily a guide 

in the evaluation of disability resulting from all types 

of diseases and injuries encountered as a result of or 

incident to military service. The percentage ratings 

represent as far as can practicably be determined the 

average impairment in earning capacity resulting from 

such diseases and injuries and their residual conditions 

in civil occupations." Part 4 contains a listing of 

hundreds of possible disorders and assigns ratings of 0 

through 100 percent, with instructions for rating 

multiple disorders.

Reserve and National Guard membership refers 

only to Gulf War-era veterans who are current or past 

members of the Reserve or National Guard. Members 

of the Reserve and National Guard are counted as 

veterans if they had ever been called to active duty. 

These data do not refer to all people who may have 

ever served in the Reserve or National Guard. 

Beginning in August 2021, Reserve or National Guard 

status is obtained from answers to the question asked 

of veterans, “Have you ever been a member of the 

Reserve or National Guard?” 

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both 

sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, 

rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is 

a chance that the sample estimates will differ from the 

true population values they represent. The component 

of this difference that occurs because samples differ by 

chance is known as sampling error, and its variability 

is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of 

confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will 

differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true 

population value because of sampling error. BLS 

analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent 

level of confidence.

The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain information for all 

respondents in the sample, the inability or 

unwillingness of respondents to provide correct 

information, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

Information about the reliability of national data 

from the CPS and instructions on how to generate 

standard errors are available at 

www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

For a discussion of the reliability of state 

estimates from the CPS, such as those in tables 6A and 

6B of this news release, see 

www.bls.gov/opub/geographic-profile/home.htm.

Comparability of the estimates

 Effective with data for January 2023, estimates 

for veterans incorporate population controls derived 

from a new Department of Veterans Affairs Veteran 

Population Projection Model (VetPop2020). In 

accordance with usual practice, BLS did not revise 

estimates for previous years. Information about the 

Veteran Population Projection Model is available from 

the Department of Veterans Affairs at 

www.va.gov/vetdata/docs/Demographics/New_Vetp

op_Model/VetPop2020_A_Brief_Description.pdf.
Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2023 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, period of service,

sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

force Total

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor

force

TOTAL

Total, 18 years and over................................. 257,687 164,666 63.9 158,863 61.6 5,803 3.5 93,021

Veterans................................................. 17,898 8,632 48.2 8,391 46.9 241 2.8 9,267

Gulf War era, total.................................. 7,995 6,136 76.7 5,955 74.5 181 2.9 1,859

Gulf War era II.................................... 5,039 4,008 79.5 3,877 76.9 131 3.3 1,031

Gulf War era I..................................... 2,956 2,128 72.0 2,079 70.3 50 2.3 828

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 5,968 808 13.5 787 13.2 21 2.5 5,160

Other service periods............................... 3,935 1,688 42.9 1,648 41.9 40 2.4 2,247

Nonveterans............................................ 239,789 156,034 65.1 150,472 62.8 5,562 3.6 83,755

Men

Total, 18 years and over................................. 125,793 87,694 69.7 84,468 67.1 3,226 3.7 38,099

Veterans................................................. 15,858 7,480 47.2 7,276 45.9 204 2.7 8,378

Gulf War era, total.................................. 6,627 5,164 77.9 5,012 75.6 152 2.9 1,463

Gulf War era II.................................... 4,118 3,342 81.2 3,234 78.5 109 3.2 776

Gulf War era I..................................... 2,509 1,822 72.6 1,779 70.9 43 2.4 687

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 5,715 786 13.8 768 13.4 19 2.4 4,929

Other service periods............................... 3,516 1,530 43.5 1,496 42.5 34 2.2 1,986

Nonveterans............................................ 109,935 80,214 73.0 77,192 70.2 3,022 3.8 29,721

Women

Total, 18 years and over................................. 131,894 76,972 58.4 74,394 56.4 2,578 3.3 54,922

Veterans................................................. 2,040 1,152 56.5 1,115 54.6 37 3.2 888

Gulf War era, total.................................. 1,368 972 71.0 943 68.9 29 3.0 396

Gulf War era II.................................... 920 665 72.3 643 69.8 22 3.4 255

Gulf War era I..................................... 447 306 68.5 300 67.0 6 2.1 141

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 253 22 8.6 20 7.9 2 – 231

Other service periods............................... 419 158 37.7 152 36.2 6 3.9 261

Nonveterans............................................ 129,854 75,820 58.4 73,280 56.4 2,541 3.4 54,034

White

Total, 18 years and over................................. 197,808 125,424 63.4 121,456 61.4 3,968 3.2 72,385

Veterans................................................. 14,542 6,765 46.5 6,583 45.3 182 2.7 7,777

Gulf War era, total.................................. 6,037 4,703 77.9 4,567 75.6 136 2.9 1,334

Gulf War era II.................................... 3,790 3,060 80.7 2,962 78.2 98 3.2 730

Gulf War era I..................................... 2,247 1,643 73.1 1,605 71.4 38 2.3 604

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 5,312 704 13.3 687 12.9 17 2.4 4,607

Other service periods............................... 3,194 1,358 42.5 1,329 41.6 29 2.1 1,836

Nonveterans............................................ 183,266 118,659 64.7 114,873 62.7 3,786 3.2 64,608

Black or African American

Total, 18 years and over................................. 33,325 21,653 65.0 20,490 61.5 1,163 5.4 11,672

Veterans................................................. 2,457 1,356 55.2 1,312 53.4 45 3.3 1,101

Gulf War era, total.................................. 1,402 1,026 73.2 990 70.6 36 3.5 376

Gulf War era II.................................... 862 653 75.7 624 72.4 28 4.3 209

Gulf War era I..................................... 541 373 69.1 366 67.6 8 2.1 167

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 470 67 14.2 63 13.5 3 4.8 404

Other service periods............................... 584 263 45.1 258 44.2 5 2.0 321

Nonveterans............................................ 30,868 20,297 65.8 19,179 62.1 1,118 5.5 10,571

Asian

Total, 18 years and over................................. 17,050 11,326 66.4 10,988 64.4 338 3.0 5,724

Veterans................................................. 309 194 62.9 189 61.3 5 2.5 114

Gulf War era, total.................................. 191 150 78.6 147 76.9 3 2.2 41

Gulf War era II.................................... 140 112 80.3 111 79.5 1 1.0 28

Gulf War era I..................................... 51 38 74.3 36 69.9 2 5.8 13
Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2023 annual averages — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, period of service,

sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

force Total

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor

force

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 58 17 29.5 17 29.5 0 – 41

Other service periods............................... 59 27 45.0 25 42.4 2 – 33

Nonveterans............................................ 16,741 11,131 66.5 10,798 64.5 333 3.0 5,610

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total, 18 years and over................................. 45,075 31,256 69.3 29,851 66.2 1,405 4.5 13,819

Veterans................................................. 1,471 916 62.3 889 60.4 27 2.9 555

Gulf War era, total.................................. 974 746 76.6 723 74.3 23 3.1 228

Gulf War era II.................................... 665 514 77.3 494 74.4 19 3.8 151

Gulf War era I..................................... 309 232 75.2 229 74.0 4 1.6 77

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era............ 269 47 17.3 45 16.6 2 4.2 222

Other service periods............................... 229 123 53.8 121 53.0 2 1.5 106

Nonveterans............................................ 43,604 30,340 69.6 28,962 66.4 1,378 4.5 13,264

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of

service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War

(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in

only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent

one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Estimates for the above race

groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is

identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where

base is less than 35,000).
Table 2A. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2023

annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Percent of

labor force

TOTAL VETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,898 8,632 48.2 8,391 46.9 241 2.8 9,267

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 175 65.3 162 60.1 14 7.8 93

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,489 1,229 82.6 1,180 79.2 50 4.0 259

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,140 1,811 84.6 1,757 82.1 54 3.0 329

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,413 2,003 83.0 1,963 81.3 41 2.0 410

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,304 2,160 65.4 2,110 63.9 50 2.3 1,144

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,283 1,252 15.1 1,219 14.7 33 2.6 7,031

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,995 6,136 76.7 5,955 74.5 181 2.9 1,859

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 175 65.3 162 60.1 14 7.8 93

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,489 1,229 82.6 1,180 79.2 50 4.0 259

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,140 1,811 84.6 1,757 82.1 54 3.0 329

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,185 1,829 83.7 1,793 82.1 36 1.9 357

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,361 949 69.7 926 68.0 23 2.4 412

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551 142 25.7 137 24.9 5 3.3 409

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,039 4,008 79.5 3,877 76.9 131 3.3 1,031

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 175 65.3 162 60.1 14 7.8 93

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,489 1,229 82.6 1,180 79.2 50 4.0 259

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,871 1,587 84.8 1,541 82.4 45 2.8 284

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768 630 81.9 617 80.3 13 2.0 139

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 337 68.0 328 66.1 9 2.8 159

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 50 34.0 49 33.6 1 – 97

Gulf War era I

Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,956 2,128 72.0 2,079 70.3 50 2.3 828

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 225 83.5 216 80.2 9 3.9 44

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,417 1,199 84.6 1,176 83.0 23 1.9 218

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865 612 70.7 598 69.2 14 2.2 253

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 92 22.8 88 21.8 4 4.4 313

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,968 808 13.5 787 13.2 21 2.5 5,160

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 – 0 – 0 – 0

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,968 808 13.5 787 13.2 21 2.5 5,160

Other service periods

Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,935 1,688 42.9 1,648 41.9 40 2.4 2,247

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 175 76.6 169 74.3 5 3.0 53

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,943 1,211 62.3 1,185 61.0 27 2.2 732

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,764 302 17.1 294 16.7 8 2.6 1,462

TOTAL NONVETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239,789 156,034 65.1 150,472 62.8 5,562 3.6 83,755

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,815 19,503 65.4 18,036 60.5 1,466 7.5 10,313

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,039 36,074 83.8 34,658 80.5 1,416 3.9 6,965

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,314 34,620 83.8 33,642 81.4 977 2.8 6,694

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,546 30,804 82.0 30,023 80.0 780 2.5 6,743

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,099 25,092 65.9 24,452 64.2 640 2.6 13,008

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,976 9,943 19.9 9,660 19.3 282 2.8 40,033

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never

served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September

2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December

1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans

who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are

classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 2B. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2023

annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Percent of

labor force

VETERANS, MEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,858 7,480 47.2 7,276 45.9 204 2.7 8,378

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 132 65.1 120 59.2 12 9.0 71

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,213 1,027 84.6 989 81.5 38 3.7 187

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,731 1,498 86.5 1,453 84.0 44 3.0 233

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,063 1,734 84.1 1,699 82.3 35 2.0 329

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,871 1,908 66.5 1,865 64.9 44 2.3 963

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,777 1,181 15.2 1,151 14.8 30 2.6 6,596

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,627 5,164 77.9 5,012 75.6 152 2.9 1,463

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 132 65.1 120 59.2 12 9.0 71

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,213 1,027 84.6 989 81.5 38 3.7 187

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,731 1,498 86.5 1,453 84.0 44 3.0 233

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,856 1,576 84.9 1,545 83.2 31 1.9 280

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,153 811 70.3 789 68.4 22 2.7 342

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 121 25.6 116 24.7 4 3.7 350

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,118 3,342 81.2 3,234 78.5 109 3.2 776

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 132 65.1 120 59.2 12 9.0 71

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,213 1,027 84.6 989 81.5 38 3.7 187

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,518 1,317 86.8 1,280 84.3 37 2.8 201

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641 538 83.9 526 82.1 12 2.2 103

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 286 67.9 276 65.6 9 3.3 135

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 43 35.3 43 34.8 1 1.3 79

Gulf War era I

Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,509 1,822 72.6 1,779 70.9 43 2.4 687

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 181 84.9 173 81.3 7 4.1 32

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,215 1,038 85.4 1,019 83.9 19 1.8 177

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732 525 71.8 513 70.0 13 2.4 207

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 77 22.2 73 21.1 4 5.0 271

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,715 786 13.8 768 13.4 19 2.4 4,929

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 – 0 – 0 – 0

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,715 786 13.8 768 13.4 19 2.4 4,929

Other service periods

Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,516 1,530 43.5 1,496 42.5 34 2.2 1,986

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 158 76.5 154 74.2 5 3.0 49

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,718 1,097 63.9 1,076 62.6 22 2.0 621

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,591 274 17.2 267 16.8 7 2.6 1,317

NONVETERANS, MEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,935 80,214 73.0 77,192 70.2 3,022 3.8 29,721

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,955 9,910 66.3 9,091 60.8 819 8.3 5,045

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,111 18,918 89.6 18,127 85.9 790 4.2 2,194

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,007 18,115 90.5 17,601 88.0 514 2.8 1,892

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,814 15,708 88.2 15,294 85.9 415 2.6 2,106

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,429 12,633 72.5 12,287 70.5 345 2.7 4,796

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,618 4,929 26.5 4,791 25.7 138 2.8 13,689

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never

served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September

2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December

1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans

who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are

classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 2C. Employment status of women 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2023

annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status, age, and period of service

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total Percent of

population Total Percent of

labor force

VETERANS, WOMEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,040 1,152 56.5 1,115 54.6 37 3.2 888

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 44 65.9 42 63.1 2 4.3 23

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 203 73.5 191 69.4 11 5.6 73

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 313 76.6 304 74.3 10 3.0 96

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 269 76.8 264 75.3 5 2.0 81

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433 252 58.2 246 56.8 6 2.4 181

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506 71 14.0 68 13.5 3 3.8 435

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,368 972 71.0 943 68.9 29 3.0 396

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 44 65.9 42 63.1 2 4.3 23

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 203 73.5 191 69.4 11 5.6 73

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 313 76.6 304 74.3 10 3.0 96

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 253 76.8 248 75.3 5 1.9 76

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 138 66.5 137 65.9 1 0.8 70

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 21 26.6 21 26.3 0 – 59

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920 665 72.3 643 69.8 22 3.4 255

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 44 65.9 42 63.1 2 4.3 23

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 203 73.5 191 69.4 11 5.6 73

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 269 76.4 261 74.1 8 3.0 83

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 92 72.1 91 71.3 1 1.1 36

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 51 68.8 51 68.8 0 0.0 23

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 7 – 7 – 0 – 17

Gulf War era I

Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 306 68.5 300 67.0 6 2.1 141

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 44 78.3 43 75.9 1 3.1 12

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 161 79.8 157 77.9 4 2.3 41

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 87 65.1 86 64.3 1 1.3 46

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 15 26.3 15 26.0 0 – 42

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 22 8.6 20 7.9 2 – 231

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 – 0 – 0 – 0

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 22 8.6 20 7.9 2 – 231

Other service periods

Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 158 37.7 152 36.2 6 3.9 261

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 16 – 16 – 1 – 5

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 114 50.6 109 48.4 5 4.4 111

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 28 16.1 27 15.7 1 – 145

NONVETERANS, WOMEN

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,854 75,820 58.4 73,280 56.4 2,541 3.4 54,034

18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,860 9,592 64.6 8,946 60.2 647 6.7 5,268

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,927 17,156 78.2 16,531 75.4 625 3.6 4,771

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,307 16,504 77.5 16,041 75.3 464 2.8 4,802

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,732 15,095 76.5 14,730 74.6 366 2.4 4,637

55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,671 12,459 60.3 12,164 58.8 294 2.4 8,212

65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,357 5,014 16.0 4,869 15.5 145 2.9 26,344

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never

served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September

2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December

1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans

who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are

classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 3. Employment status of persons 25 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and educational

attainment, 2023 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

Veteran status,

period of service, and educational attainment

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

force Total

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor

force

VETERANS

Total, 25 years and over................................. 17,629 8,456 48.0 8,229 46.7 227 2.7 9,173

Less than a high school diploma.................... 474 79 16.7 78 16.4 2 2.0 395

High school graduates, no college.................. 4,939 2,058 41.7 1,999 40.5 59 2.9 2,881

Some college or associate degree.................. 6,112 2,999 49.1 2,910 47.6 89 3.0 3,113

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 6,104 3,320 54.4 3,242 53.1 78 2.3 2,784

Gulf War era, total

Total, 25 years and over................................. 7,726 5,960 77.1 5,794 75.0 167 2.8 1,766

Less than a high school diploma.................... 52 30 57.8 30 57.6 0 – 22

High school graduates, no college.................. 1,748 1,291 73.9 1,247 71.3 45 3.5 457

Some college or associate degree.................. 2,826 2,137 75.6 2,071 73.3 66 3.1 689

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 3,100 2,501 80.7 2,445 78.9 56 2.2 598

Gulf War era II

Total, 25 years and over................................. 4,770 3,832 80.3 3,715 77.9 117 3.1 938

Less than a high school diploma.................... 30 18 – 18 – 0 – 11

High school graduates, no college.................. 1,005 790 78.6 759 75.5 31 3.9 215

Some college or associate degree.................. 1,769 1,386 78.4 1,335 75.5 51 3.7 383

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 1,966 1,637 83.3 1,602 81.5 35 2.1 329

Gulf War era I

Total, 25 years and over................................. 2,956 2,128 72.0 2,079 70.3 50 2.3 828

Less than a high school diploma.................... 23 12 – 12 – 0 – 11

High school graduates, no college.................. 743 501 67.4 487 65.6 14 2.7 242

Some college or associate degree.................. 1,057 751 71.0 736 69.6 15 2.0 306

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 1,134 864 76.2 844 74.4 21 2.4 269

WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 25 years and over................................. 5,968 808 13.5 787 13.2 21 2.5 5,160

Less than a high school diploma.................... 266 20 7.5 19 7.3 1 – 246

High school graduates, no college.................. 1,872 214 11.5 211 11.3 3 1.5 1,657

Some college or associate degree.................. 1,922 252 13.1 244 12.7 8 3.1 1,670

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 1,908 322 16.9 313 16.4 9 2.7 1,586

Other service periods

Total, 25 years and over................................. 3,935 1,688 42.9 1,648 41.9 40 2.4 2,247

Less than a high school diploma.................... 155 29 18.7 28 18.2 1 – 126

High school graduates, no college.................. 1,320 552 41.9 541 41.0 11 2.0 767

Some college or associate degree.................. 1,364 610 44.7 595 43.6 15 2.4 754

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 1,097 497 45.3 484 44.1 13 2.6 600

NONVETERANS

Total, 25 years and over................................. 209,974 136,531 65.0 132,435 63.1 4,096 3.0 73,442

Less than a high school diploma.................... 18,878 9,023 47.8 8,517 45.1 506 5.6 9,855

High school graduates, no college.................. 58,428 33,840 57.9 32,503 55.6 1,337 4.0 24,588

Some college or associate degree.................. 51,030 32,957 64.6 31,951 62.6 1,006 3.1 18,074

Bachelor’s degree and higher........................ 81,637 60,711 74.4 59,464 72.8 1,247 2.1 20,925

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of

service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War

(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in

only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent

one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data

that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2023

annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Occupation and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era

WW II,

Korean

War,

and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

periods Total Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

TOTAL

Total employed (in thousands)................................................... 8,391 5,955 3,877 2,079 787 1,648 150,472

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed..................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations....................... 43.3 45.0 44.0 46.9 40.7 38.4 44.2

Management, business, and financial operations occupations......... 21.3 21.5 19.8 24.5 23.7 19.4 19.1

Professional and related occupations...................................... 22.1 23.6 24.2 22.4 17.0 19.0 25.1

Service occupations............................................................ 12.9 13.5 14.5 11.6 12.0 11.1 16.0

Sales and office occupations.................................................. 14.4 14.0 14.2 13.8 17.7 14.2 18.9

Sales and related occupations.............................................. 7.0 6.5 6.4 6.5 11.7 6.9 8.8

Office and administrative support occupations........................... 7.4 7.6 7.7 7.3 6.0 7.2 10.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations.......... 12.7 12.6 13.6 10.7 10.0 14.4 8.7

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations................................ 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.6

Construction and extraction occupations.................................. 5.3 5.0 5.0 4.9 5.7 6.4 5.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations....................... 7.0 7.3 8.2 5.6 3.6 7.6 2.9

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations............. 16.7 14.9 13.8 16.9 19.6 22.0 12.2

Production occupations...................................................... 6.5 6.2 5.9 6.8 5.7 7.8 5.1

Transportation and material moving occupations........................ 10.2 8.7 7.8 10.2 13.9 14.2 7.1

MEN

Total employed (in thousands)................................................... 7,276 5,012 3,234 1,779 768 1,496 77,192

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed..................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations....................... 41.7 43.2 42.4 44.7 40.8 36.9 39.8

Management, business, and financial operations occupations......... 21.2 21.3 19.7 24.2 23.8 19.4 19.4

Professional and related occupations...................................... 20.5 21.9 22.7 20.5 17.0 17.5 20.4

Service occupations............................................................ 12.7 13.5 14.4 11.8 11.9 10.6 12.7

Sales and office occupations.................................................. 12.8 12.0 11.8 12.2 17.3 13.1 14.0

Sales and related occupations.............................................. 6.9 6.1 6.2 6.1 11.9 7.0 8.6

Office and administrative support occupations........................... 5.8 5.8 5.7 6.1 5.4 6.1 5.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations.......... 14.4 14.7 15.8 12.5 10.1 15.7 16.0

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations................................ 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.8

Construction and extraction occupations.................................. 6.1 5.9 6.0 5.7 5.7 7.1 9.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations....................... 7.9 8.4 9.4 6.5 3.7 8.3 5.3

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations............. 18.4 16.6 15.4 18.8 19.9 23.7 17.5

Production occupations...................................................... 7.1 7.0 6.7 7.6 5.7 8.3 6.8

Transportation and material moving occupations........................ 11.3 9.6 8.8 11.2 14.2 15.3 10.7

WOMEN

Total employed (in thousands)................................................... 1,115 943 643 300 20 152 73,280

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed..................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations....................... 54.1 54.6 52.0 60.2 – 52.9 48.8

Management, business, and financial operations occupations......... 21.9 22.3 20.3 26.8 – 19.5 18.7

Professional and related occupations...................................... 32.2 32.3 31.7 33.4 – 33.4 30.0

Service occupations............................................................ 13.6 13.2 14.6 10.4 – 15.4 19.4

Sales and office occupations.................................................. 25.1 25.0 25.8 23.4 – 24.7 24.1

Sales and related occupations.............................................. 7.8 8.1 7.7 9.0 – 6.3 9.0

Office and administrative support occupations........................... 17.3 16.9 18.1 14.4 – 18.5 15.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations.......... 1.6 1.7 2.3 0.3 – 1.1 1.1

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations................................ 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 – 0.2 0.3

Construction and extraction occupations.................................. 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.1 – 0.0 0.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations....................... 1.2 1.3 1.7 0.3 – 1.0 0.3
Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2023

annual averages — Continued

[Percent distribution]

Occupation and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era

WW II,

Korean

War,

and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

periods Total Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations............. 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.7 – 5.8 6.6

Production occupations...................................................... 2.2 2.0 2.2 1.7 – 2.7 3.3

Transportation and material moving occupations........................ 3.4 3.5 3.2 4.1 – 3.2 3.3

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of

service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War

(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in

only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent

one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data

that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of

service, 2023 annual averages

[Percent distribution]

Industry, class of worker, and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era WW II,

Korean

War, and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

Total periods Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

TOTAL

Total employed (in thousands)1

............................... 8,391 5,955 3,877 2,079 787 1,648 150,472

As a percent of total employed

Total employed1

................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries.......................... 1.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 5.8 1.9 1.4

Wage and salary workers2............................... 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.4 1.4 0.9 1.0

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.3 4.4 0.9 0.4

Nonagricultural industries................................... 98.6 99.3 99.3 99.3 94.2 98.1 98.6

Wage and salary workers2............................... 93.1 95.3 95.3 95.1 78.0 92.6 92.9

Private industries....................................... 70.6 69.6 68.9 70.8 66.6 76.4 79.8

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . .. 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.3

Construction.......................................... 6.3 6.3 6.6 5.6 5.0 6.9 6.2

Manufacturing........................................ 11.7 11.5 10.8 12.8 8.6 14.1 9.4

Wholesale trade...................................... 2.0 1.8 1.6 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.0

Retail trade........................................... 8.0 7.5 7.3 7.8 11.9 8.1 9.7

Transportation and utilities.......................... 8.2 7.8 7.7 8.0 6.3 10.3 4.9

Information............................................ 1.7 1.9 1.5 2.5 0.5 1.5 1.7

Financial activities................................... 4.8 4.6 4.2 5.3 5.9 5.1 6.4

Professional and business services............... 11.1 11.3 12.0 10.0 9.3 11.1 11.5

Education and health services..................... 9.0 9.3 9.3 9.4 6.7 9.1 16.0

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 4.0 4.1 4.3 3.8 5.0 2.9 7.8

Other services........................................ 3.2 2.7 2.7 2.7 4.6 4.2 4.0

Government............................................. 22.5 25.7 26.4 24.4 11.4 16.2 13.1

Federal................................................ 11.0 13.3 14.3 11.5 3.9 6.0 2.2

State................................................... 4.4 4.7 4.7 4.7 2.0 4.3 4.6

Local................................................... 7.1 7.7 7.4 8.1 5.5 5.9 6.3

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 5.4 4.0 3.9 4.1 16.1 5.5 5.7

MEN

Total employed (in thousands)1

............................... 7,276 5,012 3,234 1,779 768 1,496 77,192

As a percent of total employed

Total employed1................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries.......................... 1.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 5.9 2.0 1.9

Wage and salary workers2............................... 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.4 1.4 1.0 1.3

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.4 4.5 1.0 0.6

Nonagricultural industries................................... 98.4 99.2 99.2 99.2 94.1 98.0 98.1

Wage and salary workers2

............................... 92.9 95.3 95.5 95.0 77.9 92.4 91.7

Private industries....................................... 71.5 70.5 69.9 71.8 66.6 77.1 81.6

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . .. 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.6

Construction.......................................... 7.0 7.1 7.5 6.5 5.1 7.6 10.7

Manufacturing........................................ 12.8 12.7 12.1 13.9 8.8 15.0 12.6

Wholesale trade...................................... 2.2 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.7 2.6

Retail trade........................................... 8.2 7.6 7.6 7.8 12.0 8.0 9.6

Transportation and utilities.......................... 8.9 8.7 8.5 8.9 6.3 11.0 7.1

Information............................................ 1.8 2.1 1.7 2.8 0.5 1.6 2.0

Financial activities................................... 4.7 4.4 4.0 5.1 6.0 4.9 5.8

Professional and business services............... 11.1 11.4 11.9 10.5 9.2 11.1 12.6

Education and health services..................... 7.1 7.1 6.9 7.4 6.5 7.4 7.2

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 3.8 3.8 4.2 3.2 5.0 3.1 7.3

Other services........................................ 3.2 2.7 2.7 2.6 4.4 4.1 3.6

Government............................................. 21.4 24.8 25.7 23.2 11.3 15.2 10.2

Federal................................................ 10.5 13.1 14.4 10.7 3.7 5.4 2.0

State................................................... 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.5 2.0 4.1 3.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of

service, 2023 annual averages — Continued

[Percent distribution]

Industry, class of worker, and sex

Veterans

NonTotal veterans

Gulf War era WW II,

Korean

War, and

Vietnam

era

Other

service

Total periods Gulf War

era II

Gulf War

era I

Local................................................... 6.8 7.3 6.9 8.0 5.6 5.7 4.8

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 5.5 3.9 3.7 4.2 16.1 5.6 6.4

WOMEN

Total employed (in thousands)1

............................... 1,115 943 643 300 20 152 73,280

As a percent of total employed

Total employed1................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries.......................... 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.0 – 0.2 0.9

Wage and salary workers2............................... 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 – 0.2 0.6

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 – 0.0 0.3

Nonagricultural industries................................... 99.7 99.7 99.6 100.0 – 99.8 99.1

Wage and salary workers2

............................... 94.8 95.0 94.4 96.2 – 95.0 94.2

Private industries....................................... 65.1 64.3 64.2 64.6 – 69.6 78.0

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . .. 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.7 – 0.3 0.1

Construction.......................................... 1.6 1.8 2.3 0.9 – 0.5 1.5

Manufacturing........................................ 5.0 5.2 4.8 6.2 – 4.5 6.0

Wholesale trade...................................... 0.7 0.6 0.3 1.2 – 0.5 1.4

Retail trade........................................... 6.9 6.5 5.9 7.7 – 9.2 9.8

Transportation and utilities.......................... 3.4 3.3 3.7 2.3 – 3.5 2.5

Information............................................ 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.1 – 0.1 1.3

Financial activities................................... 5.8 5.7 5.4 6.4 – 7.0 7.0

Professional and business services............... 10.7 10.5 12.3 6.7 – 11.2 10.3

Education and health services..................... 21.7 21.2 21.3 21.1 – 26.0 25.3

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 5.1 5.6 4.8 7.5 – 1.8 8.3

Other services........................................ 3.3 2.7 2.6 2.9 – 5.1 4.5

Government............................................. 29.7 30.7 30.3 31.6 – 25.4 16.2

Federal................................................ 14.1 14.6 13.9 16.1 – 11.4 2.3

State................................................... 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.2 – 5.6 6.0

Local................................................... 9.2 9.5 9.7 9.2 – 8.4 7.9

Self-employed workers, unincorporated................ 4.9 4.7 5.2 3.8 – 4.8 4.9

1 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately.

2

Includes self-employed workers whose business are incorporated.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of

service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War

(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in

only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent

one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data

that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).
Table 6A. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by state, 2023 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

State

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

TOTAL VETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,898 8,632 48.2 8,391 46.9 241 2.8 9,267

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 174 49.2 172 48.6 2 1.1 180

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 36 58.1 35 56.3 1 3.1 26

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 222 48.5 216 47.1 6 2.9 236

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 95 45.8 94 45.1 1 1.6 112

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,324 601 45.4 584 44.1 17 2.9 723

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 193 51.3 189 50.3 4 1.8 183

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 61 40.9 60 40.7 0 0.4 88

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 34 44.7 32 42.3 2 5.4 41

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 11 48.1 11 47.0 0 2.2 12

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,400 625 44.7 610 43.6 15 2.5 775

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634 325 51.2 317 50.0 8 2.5 309

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 40 45.7 39 44.8 1 2.0 47

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 54 44.0 53 42.6 2 3.3 69

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499 215 43.2 209 41.9 6 3.0 284

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 191 47.3 185 46.0 6 2.9 212

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 114 56.0 110 54.0 4 3.6 90

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 80 48.7 77 47.1 3 3.3 84

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 125 48.1 124 47.3 2 1.5 136

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 124 44.5 121 43.2 4 3.1 155

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 47 44.9 45 43.0 2 4.2 57

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 190 56.0 186 54.8 4 2.0 150

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 113 46.4 111 45.7 2 1.7 130

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 254 49.3 247 48.0 7 2.7 261

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 121 43.9 116 42.3 5 3.7 154

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 77 42.2 75 41.2 2 2.5 106

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 177 46.4 173 45.4 4 2.1 205

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 51 51.0 50 49.7 1 2.7 49

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 56 48.8 55 48.1 1 1.3 58

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 112 51.8 106 49.1 6 5.2 104

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 48 46.4 46 44.7 2 3.6 55

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 106 37.8 103 36.6 3 3.2 175

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 64 41.5 59 38.6 5 7.1 90

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666 280 42.0 270 40.5 10 3.6 386

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684 320 46.8 315 46.1 5 1.7 364

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 27 57.4 26 56.8 0 1.1 20

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684 317 46.3 309 45.2 8 2.4 368

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 140 54.3 139 53.7 1 1.0 118

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 121 43.8 116 42.2 5 3.8 155

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684 295 43.1 289 42.2 6 2.0 390

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 25 44.9 24 43.8 1 2.5 30

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 200 45.8 193 44.3 7 3.4 237

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 32 54.5 32 53.2 1 2.5 27

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 222 46.7 213 44.9 9 3.9 253

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,603 915 57.1 885 55.2 30 3.2 688

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 81 55.3 80 54.2 2 2.0 66

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 17 45.4 16 44.6 0 1.7 20

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735 447 60.8 431 58.6 16 3.7 288

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473 238 50.4 229 48.5 9 3.8 234

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 55 44.7 54 43.8 1 2.2 68

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 138 44.4 135 43.3 3 2.4 173

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 24 49.8 23 49.3 0 1.2 24

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Dash indicates no data or

data that do not meet publication criteria.
Table 6B. Employment status of nonveterans 18 years and over by state, 2023 annual averages

[Numbers in thousands]

State

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor

Total force

Percent

of

population

Employed Unemployed

Total

Percent

of

population

Total

Percent

of

labor force

TOTAL NONVETERANS

Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239,789 156,034 65.1 150,472 62.8 5,562 3.6 83,755

Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,565 2,116 59.4 2,065 57.9 51 2.4 1,449

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468 315 67.2 300 64.0 15 4.7 154

Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,288 3,422 64.7 3,294 62.3 128 3.7 1,866

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,118 1,271 60.0 1,226 57.9 45 3.5 848

California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,631 18,467 64.5 17,616 61.5 851 4.6 10,165

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,190 2,979 71.1 2,885 68.9 94 3.1 1,211

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,697 1,794 66.5 1,728 64.1 66 3.7 903

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735 461 62.7 446 60.7 15 3.3 274

District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518 380 73.4 362 69.8 18 4.8 138

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,597 10,293 62.0 10,020 60.4 273 2.7 6,304

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,736 4,956 64.1 4,793 62.0 164 3.3 2,780

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 999 627 62.7 608 60.9 19 3.0 372

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,373 900 65.6 871 63.4 29 3.3 473

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,112 6,049 66.4 5,790 63.5 259 4.3 3,064

Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,803 3,166 65.9 3,057 63.6 109 3.4 1,638

Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,250 1,562 69.4 1,517 67.5 44 2.8 688

Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,024 1,412 69.8 1,373 67.8 40 2.8 611

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,162 1,846 58.4 1,768 55.9 78 4.2 1,316

Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,137 1,919 61.2 1,849 58.9 71 3.7 1,218

Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,029 633 61.6 616 59.9 18 2.8 395

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,400 3,007 68.3 2,927 66.5 80 2.7 1,393

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,299 3,564 67.3 3,446 65.0 119 3.3 1,735

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,321 4,691 64.1 4,514 61.7 177 3.8 2,630

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,108 2,895 70.5 2,814 68.5 81 2.8 1,213

Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,013 1,145 56.9 1,111 55.2 34 3.0 868

Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,350 2,856 65.7 2,771 63.7 85 3.0 1,494

Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793 527 66.4 512 64.6 15 2.8 266

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,361 973 71.5 952 70.0 21 2.1 388

Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,278 1,494 65.6 1,422 62.4 72 4.8 784

New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,037 691 66.7 676 65.2 15 2.2 346

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,886 4,636 67.3 4,420 64.2 216 4.7 2,250

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,477 872 59.1 841 56.9 32 3.6 605

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,661 9,310 63.5 8,915 60.8 394 4.2 5,352

North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,644 4,860 63.6 4,702 61.5 158 3.3 2,783

North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537 385 71.7 377 70.3 8 2.0 152

Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,356 5,369 64.3 5,197 62.2 172 3.2 2,987

Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,743 1,807 65.9 1,742 63.5 64 3.6 937

Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,095 1,988 64.2 1,918 62.0 70 3.5 1,107

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,489 6,112 64.4 5,927 62.5 185 3.0 3,377

Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815 542 66.5 524 64.3 18 3.3 273

South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,735 2,260 60.5 2,192 58.7 69 3.0 1,475

South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628 452 71.9 443 70.6 8 1.8 177

Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,007 3,146 62.8 3,044 60.8 102 3.2 1,861

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,966 14,137 67.4 13,580 64.8 556 3.9 6,829

Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,315 1,663 71.8 1,620 70.0 42 2.5 653

Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 328 66.9 323 65.7 6 1.8 162

Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,976 4,100 68.6 3,996 66.9 104 2.5 1,876

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,607 3,751 66.9 3,602 64.2 150 4.0 1,855

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,266 708 55.9 682 53.8 26 3.7 558

Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,303 2,929 68.1 2,839 66.0 90 3.1 1,374

Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 269 67.4 261 65.4 8 2.9 130

NOTE: Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.
Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex, August 2023, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Presence of disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total Percent of

population

Employed

Total Percent of

population

Unemployed

Total Percent of

labor force

Not in labor

force

TOTAL

VETERANS

Total 17,879 8,603 48.1 8,268 46.2 335 3.9 9,276

With service-connected disability 5,278 2,632 49.9 2,475 46.9 157 6.0 2,646

Less than 30 percent disability rating 1,054 594 56.3 541 51.3 53 8.9 460

30 to 50 percent disability rating 917 500 54.6 481 52.4 19 3.9 417

60 percent or higher disability rating 2,940 1,362 46.3 1,284 43.7 77 5.7 1,578

Disability rating not reported 367 176 48.1 169 46.0 8 4.3 190

Without service-connected disability 11,742 5,563 47.4 5,390 45.9 173 3.1 6,180

Presence of disability not reported 859 408 47.5 403 46.9 5 1.2 451

Gulf War era, total

Total 8,018 6,174 77.0 5,922 73.9 252 4.1 1,844

With service-connected disability 3,269 2,266 69.3 2,126 65.0 140 6.2 1,003

Less than 30 percent disability rating 530 424 80.0 383 72.2 41 9.7 106

30 to 50 percent disability rating 537 435 81.0 415 77.4 19 4.5 102

60 percent or higher disability rating 2,000 1,268 63.4 1,196 59.8 72 5.7 732

Disability rating not reported 202 139 68.9 132 65.1 8 5.4 63

Without service-connected disability 4,352 3,623 83.2 3,516 80.8 106 2.9 730

Presence of disability not reported 397 285 71.8 280 70.5 5 1.8 112

Gulf War era II

Total 5,106 4,076 79.8 3,881 76.0 196 4.8 1,030

With service-connected disability 2,362 1,724 73.0 1,614 68.3 110 6.4 638

Less than 30 percent disability rating 282 235 83.0 224 79.1 11 4.7 48

30 to 50 percent disability rating 387 330 85.1 310 80.1 19 5.9 58

60 percent or higher disability rating 1,544 1,048 67.9 976 63.2 72 6.9 496

Disability rating not reported 148 112 75.5 104 70.4 8 6.7 36

Without service-connected disability 2,459 2,135 86.8 2,049 83.3 86 4.0 324

Presence of disability not reported 285 218 76.3 218 76.3 - - 68

Gulf War era I

Total 2,912 2,097 72.0 2,041 70.1 56 2.7 814

With service-connected disability 907 543 59.8 512 56.5 30 5.6 365

Less than 30 percent disability rating 247 190 76.6 159 64.3 30 16.0 58

30 to 50 percent disability rating 149 105 70.4 105 70.4 - - 44

60 percent or higher disability rating 457 221 48.3 221 48.3 - - 236

Disability rating not reported 54 27 - 27 - - - 27

Without service-connected disability 1,893 1,487 78.6 1,467 77.5 21 1.4 405

Presence of disability not reported 112 67 60.1 62 55.5 5 - 45

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total 5,941 737 12.4 709 11.9 29 3.9 5,204

With service-connected disability 1,423 151 10.6 146 10.3 5 3.6 1,271

Less than 30 percent disability rating 338 68 20.0 68 20.0 - - 270

30 to 50 percent disability rating 280 30 10.6 30 10.6 - - 250

60 percent or higher disability rating 721 41 5.6 35 4.9 5 - 680

Disability rating not reported 84 14 16.2 14 16.2 - - 70

Without service-connected disability 4,248 563 13.3 540 12.7 23 4.1 3,685

Presence of disability not reported 270 23 8.4 23 8.4 - - 247

Other service periods

Total 3,920 1,692 43.2 1,637 41.8 55 3.3 2,228

With service-connected disability 586 215 36.6 203 34.6 12 5.5 372

Less than 30 percent disability rating 187 102 54.9 91 48.6 12 11.5 84

30 to 50 percent disability rating 100 36 35.8 36 35.8 - - 64

60 percent or higher disability rating 219 53 24.1 53 24.1 - - 166

Disability rating not reported 81 24 29.2 24 29.2 - - 57

Without service-connected disability 3,142 1,377 43.8 1,334 42.5 43 3.1 1,765

Presence of disability not reported 192 100 52.3 100 52.3 - - 91

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex, August 2023, not seasonally adjusted -- Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Presence of disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total Percent of

population

Employed

Total Percent of

population

Unemployed

Total Percent of

labor force

Not in labor

force

MEN

VETERANS

Total 15,836 7,491 47.3 7,221 45.6 270 3.6 8,345

With service-connected disability 4,586 2,217 48.3 2,111 46.0 106 4.8 2,369

Less than 30 percent disability rating 952 529 55.6 485 51.0 43 8.2 423

30 to 50 percent disability rating 803 420 52.3 401 49.9 19 4.6 383

60 percent or higher disability rating 2,507 1,116 44.5 1,080 43.1 36 3.2 1,391

Disability rating not reported 325 152 47.0 145 44.6 8 5.0 172

Without service-connected disability 10,473 4,904 46.8 4,745 45.3 159 3.2 5,569

Presence of disability not reported 777 371 47.7 366 47.1 5 1.4 406

Gulf War era, total

Total 6,646 5,244 78.9 5,048 76.0 196 3.7 1,402

With service-connected disability 2,678 1,888 70.5 1,796 67.1 92 4.9 791

Less than 30 percent disability rating 441 366 82.9 331 75.1 34 9.4 75

30 to 50 percent disability rating 446 361 81.0 342 76.6 19 5.4 85

60 percent or higher disability rating 1,607 1,034 64.4 1,004 62.5 30 2.9 573

Disability rating not reported 184 127 68.9 119 64.8 8 6.0 57

Without service-connected disability 3,628 3,103 85.5 3,004 82.8 99 3.2 525

Presence of disability not reported 340 253 74.6 248 73.1 5 2.0 86

Gulf War era II

Total 4,172 3,435 82.3 3,281 78.6 154 4.5 737

With service-connected disability 1,894 1,400 73.9 1,331 70.3 68 4.9 495

Less than 30 percent disability rating 234 201 85.9 190 81.2 11 5.5 33

30 to 50 percent disability rating 314 273 87.1 254 80.9 19 7.1 40

60 percent or higher disability rating 1,211 826 68.2 796 65.7 30 3.7 385

Disability rating not reported 136 100 73.2 92 67.7 8 7.6 36

Without service-connected disability 2,037 1,841 90.4 1,755 86.1 86 4.7 197

Presence of disability not reported 241 195 81.0 195 81.0 - - 46

Gulf War era I

Total 2,474 1,809 73.1 1,767 71.4 42 2.3 665

With service-connected disability 784 488 62.3 465 59.3 23 4.8 296

Less than 30 percent disability rating 207 165 79.5 142 68.3 23 14.1 42

30 to 50 percent disability rating 132 88 66.5 88 66.5 - - 44

60 percent or higher disability rating 396 208 52.5 208 52.5 - - 188

Disability rating not reported 48 27 - 27 - - - 21

Without service-connected disability 1,591 1,262 79.4 1,249 78.5 14 1.1 328

Presence of disability not reported 99 58 59.0 53 53.9 5 - 41

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total 5,689 715 12.6 686 12.1 29 4.0 4,974

With service-connected disability 1,392 147 10.6 142 10.2 5 3.7 1,245

Less than 30 percent disability rating 326 63 19.4 63 19.4 - - 263

30 to 50 percent disability rating 278 30 10.7 30 10.7 - - 248

60 percent or higher disability rating 711 41 5.7 35 5.0 5 - 670

Disability rating not reported 77 14 17.5 14 17.5 - - 64

Without service-connected disability 4,036 545 13.5 521 12.9 23 4.3 3,491

Presence of disability not reported 261 23 8.7 23 8.7 - - 238

Other service periods

Total 3,501 1,532 43.8 1,487 42.5 45 3.0 1,969

With service-connected disability 516 182 35.3 173 33.5 9 5.1 334

Less than 30 percent disability rating 184 100 54.3 91 49.2 9 9.3 84

30 to 50 percent disability rating 79 29 36.9 29 36.9 - - 50

60 percent or higher disability rating 189 41 21.6 41 21.6 - - 148

Disability rating not reported 63 12 - 12 - - - 51

Without service-connected disability 2,809 1,256 44.7 1,220 43.4 36 2.9 1,553

Presence of disability not reported 177 95 53.5 95 53.5 - - 82

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex, August 2023, not seasonally adjusted -- Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Presence of disability, reported disability

rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total Percent of

population

Employed

Total Percent of

population

Unemployed

Total Percent of

labor force

Not in labor

force

WOMEN

VETERANS

Total 2,043 1,112 54.4 1,046 51.2 65 5.9 931

With service-connected disability 692 415 60.1 364 52.7 51 12.3 276

Less than 30 percent disability rating 103 65 63.5 56 54.1 10 - 38

30 to 50 percent disability rating 114 80 70.5 80 70.5 - - 34

60 percent or higher disability rating 433 246 56.9 204 47.3 42 16.9 187

Disability rating not reported 42 24 - 24 - - - 18

Without service-connected disability 1,270 659 51.9 645 50.8 14 2.1 611

Presence of disability not reported 82 37 45.4 37 45.4 - - 45

Gulf War era, total

Total 1,372 929 67.7 874 63.7 56 6.0 443

With service-connected disability 591 379 64.1 330 55.9 49 12.9 212

Without service-connected disability 724 519 71.7 512 70.8 7 1.4 205

Presence of disability not reported 57 31 - 31 - - - 26

Gulf War era II

Total 934 641 68.7 600 64.2 42 6.5 293

With service-connected disability 467 324 69.4 283 60.5 42 12.8 143

Without service-connected disability 422 294 69.7 294 69.7 - - 128

Presence of disability not reported 44 23 - 23 - - - 22

Gulf War era I

Total 438 288 65.8 274 62.6 14 4.9 150

With service-connected disability 123 55 44.2 47 38.4 7 - 69

Without service-connected disability 302 225 74.5 218 72.2 7 3.1 77

Presence of disability not reported 13 9 - 9 - - - 4

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total 252 23 9.0 23 9.0 - - 229

With service-connected disability 30 4 - 4 - - - 26

Without service-connected disability 212 18 8.6 18 8.6 - - 194

Presence of disability not reported 9 - - - - - - 9

Other service periods

Total 419 160 38.1 150 35.8 10 6.0 259

With service-connected disability 70 33 - 30 - 3 - 38

Without service-connected disability 334 122 36.4 115 34.3 7 5.8 212

Presence of disability not reported 15 6 - 6 - - - 9

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and

other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served

in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are

classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The

associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal

Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this news release. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication

criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).
Table 8. Employed persons 18 years and over by veteran status, presence of service-connected disability, period of service,

and class of worker, August 2023, not seasonally adjusted

Veteran status, presence of

disability, and period of service

Total

Employed

(thousands)

Percent distribution by class of worker

Total

Agriculture

and

related

industries

Nonagricultural industries

Total

Wage and salary workers1

Private

sector

Government

Total Federal State and

local

Selfemployed,

unincorporated, and

unpaid

family

workers

Veterans, total2 8,268 100.0 1.4 98.6 69.6 23.5 11.1 12.5 5.4

With service-connected disability 2,475 100.0 1.1 98.9 64.1 31.4 19.0 12.5 3.4

Without service-connected disability 5,390 100.0 1.6 98.4 72.1 20.0 7.9 12.2 6.2

Gulf War era, total2 5,922 100.0 0.8 99.2 68.2 26.7 13.4 13.3 4.2

With service-connected disability 2,126 100.0 0.7 99.3 63.7 33.4 20.3 13.2 2.2

Without service-connected disability 3,516 100.0 0.9 99.1 71.1 22.8 10.1 12.7 5.2

Gulf War era II2 3,881 100.0 0.9 99.1 67.6 27.9 14.3 13.6 3.6

With service-connected disability 1,614 100.0 0.9 99.1 65.1 32.7 18.6 14.2 1.3

Without service-connected disability 2,049 100.0 1.0 99.0 70.2 23.7 11.8 11.8 5.2

Gulf War era I2 2,041 100.0 0.6 99.4 69.4 24.6 11.9 12.8 5.4

With service-connected disability 512 100.0 - 100.0 59.3 35.6 25.5 10.1 5.1

Without service-connected disability 1,467 100.0 0.8 99.2 72.3 21.6 7.6 13.9 5.3

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era2 709 100.0 7.0 93.0 65.8 11.1 3.6 7.5 16.1

With service-connected disability 146 100.0 7.2 92.8 74.7 4.2 2.4 1.8 13.9

Without service-connected disability 540 100.0 7.2 92.8 63.2 12.9 4.0 8.9 16.6

Other service periods2 1,637 100.0 1.1 98.9 76.2 17.3 5.8 11.5 5.3

With service-connected disability 203 100.0 1.3 98.7 60.7 30.0 17.5 12.5 8.1

Without service-connected disability 1,334 100.0 1.2 98.8 78.5 15.7 3.7 12.0 4.6

Nonveterans 150,651 100.0 1.4 98.6 80.5 12.5 2.2 10.3 5.6

 1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

 2 Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.

Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service:

Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-

January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one

period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one.

Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a

health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is

determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this

news release. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).
Table 9. Employment status of Gulf War-era veterans by Reserve or National Guard status, August 2023, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Period of service and Reserve or National Guard

status

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total Percent of

population

Employed

Total Percent of

population

Unemployed

Total

Percent of

labor

force

Not in

labor

force

VETERANS

Gulf War era, total

Total 8,018 6,174 77.0 5,922 73.9 252 4.1 1,844

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard 2,809 2,175 77.4 2,090 74.4 86 3.9 634

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard 5,044 3,878 76.9 3,713 73.6 166 4.3 1,166

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported 165 120 72.9 120 72.9 - - 45

Gulf War era II

Total 5,106 4,076 79.8 3,881 76.0 196 4.8 1,030

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard 1,674 1,385 82.7 1,327 79.2 59 4.2 289

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard 3,314 2,605 78.6 2,468 74.5 137 5.3 709

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported 118 87 73.3 87 73.3 - - 32

Gulf War era I

Total 2,912 2,097 72.0 2,041 70.1 56 2.7 814

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard 1,135 790 69.6 763 67.2 27 3.5 345

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard 1,730 1,274 73.6 1,245 72.0 29 2.2 456

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported 46 33 - 33 - - - 13

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. The

Gulf War era began in August 1990 and continues to the present day. It is divided into two periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present)

and Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent period. Data do not include

Reserve and National Guard members who have never been called to Active Duty. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria

(values not shown where base is less than 75,000).
Table 10. Employment status of Gulf War-era II veterans 18 years and over by location of service, August 2023, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Period of service and location

Civilian

noninstitutional

population

Civilian labor force

Total Percent of

population

Employed

Total Percent of

population

Unemployed

Number Rate

Not in labor

force

Total, Gulf War-era II veterans 5,106 4,076 79.8 3,881 76.0 196 4.8 1,030

Served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both1 2,009 1,600 79.7 1,524 75.9 76 4.8 408

Served in Iraq2 1,578 1,252 79.4 1,179 74.7 74 5.9 326

Served in Afghanistan3 1,029 802 78.0 781 75.9 21 2.6 227

Served in both locations4 598 454 76.0 435 72.8 19 4.1 144

Served elsewhere 3,098 2,476 79.9 2,357 76.1 120 4.8 621

 1 Refers to veterans who served in Iraq at anytime since March 2003 and veterans who served in Afghanistan at anytime since October 2001. Also

includes veterans who served in both countries.

 2 Includes all veterans who served in Iraq at any time since March 2003, whether or not they also served in Afghanistan.

 3 Includes all veterans who served in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, whether or not they also served in Iraq.

 

4

 Veterans who served in both Iraq and Afghanistan during the designated dates are also included in the totals of each location above.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf

War-era II veterans served anywhere in the world at any time since September 2001. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria

(values not shown where base is less than 75,000).