Internet address:  http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm
Technical information:             USDL 99-315
  Household data:  (202) 606-6378

                                   Transmission of material in this release is
  Establishment data:    606-6555  embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST),
Media contact:           606-5902  Friday, November 5, 1999.
                                     
                                     
                  THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:  OCTOBER 1999
                                     
                                     
   Employment rose in October, and the unemployment rate was essentially
unchanged at 4.1 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S.
Department of Labor reported today.  Nonfarm payroll employment rose by
310,000, following an increase of only 41,000 (as revised) in September.
Average hourly earnings rose by 1 cent in October.
   
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
   
   The number of unemployed persons, 5.8 million, and the unemployment
rate, 4.1 percent, were essentially unchanged in October.  The jobless rate
has been 4.3 percent or lower since March.  Unemployment rates for the
major demographic groups--adult men (3.5 percent), adult women (3.5
percent), teenagers (13.9 percent), whites (3.5 percent), blacks (8.3
percent), and Hispanics (6.4 percent)--showed little or no change over the
month.  (See tables A-1 and A-2.)
   
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
   
   The civilian labor force, at 139.7 million, and the labor force
participation rate, at 67.0 percent, were little changed in October.  Total
employment rose by 346,000 to 133.9 million.  The employment-population
ratio (64.2 percent) remained near its September level.  (See table A-1.)
   
   About 8.0 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one
job in October.  These multiple jobholders represented 6.0 percent of the
total employed, compared with 6.2 percent a year earlier.  (See table A-10.)
   
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
   
   About 1.2 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally
attached to the labor force in October.  These were people who wanted and
were available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12
months but were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for
work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.  The number of discouraged
workers--a subset of the marginally attached who were not currently looking
for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for
them--was 271,000 in October, down from 333,000 a year earlier.  (See table
A-10.)
   
                                  - 2 -

Table A.  Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
                      |    Quarterly    |       Monthly data       |
                      |    averages     |                          |
                      |_________________|__________________________| Sept.-
      Category        |      1999       |           1999           | Oct.
                      |_________________|__________________________|change
                      |   II   |  III   |  Aug.  |  Sept. |  Oct.  |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
    HOUSEHOLD DATA    |                 Labor force status
                      |____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 139,173| 139,301| 139,264| 139,386| 139,662|    276
  Employment..........| 133,242| 133,423| 133,411| 133,550| 133,896|    346
  Unemployment........|   5,931|   5,879|   5,853|   5,836|   5,766|    -70
Not in labor force....|  68,259|  68,743|  68,774|  68,879|  68,821|    -58
                      |________|________|________|________|________|_______
                      |                 Unemployment rates
                      |____________________________________________________
All workers...........|    4.3 |     4.2|     4.2|     4.2|     4.1|   -0.1
  Adult men...........|    3.5 |     3.5|     3.6|     3.4|     3.5|     .1
  Adult women.........|    3.9 |     3.8|     3.7|     3.7|     3.5|    -.2
  Teenagers...........|   13.4 |    13.7|    13.5|    15.0|    13.9|   -1.1
  White...............|    3.8 |     3.7|     3.7|     3.6|     3.5|    -.1
  Black...............|    7.5 |     8.3|     7.8|     8.3|     8.3|     .0
  Hispanic origin.....|    6.8 |     6.5|     6.5|     6.7|     6.4|    -.3
                      |________|________|________|________|________|_______
 ESTABLISHMENT DATA   |                     Employment
                      |____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 128,246|p128,916| 128,945|p128,986|p129,296|   p310
  Goods-producing 1/..|  25,222| p25,186|  25,148| p25,163| p25,180|    p17
    Construction......|   6,258|  p6,263|   6,246|  p6,274|  p6,302|    p28
    Manufacturing.....|  18,433| p18,397|  18,378| p18,364| p18,349|   p-15
  Service-producing 1/| 103,024|p103,730| 103,797|p103,823|p104,116|   p293
    Retail trade......|  22,756| p22,882|  22,888| p22,855| p22,825|   p-30
    Services..........|  38,810| p39,168|  39,205| p39,245| p39,460|   p215
    Government........|  20,094| p20,190|  20,210| p20,207| p20,260|    p53
                      |________|________|________|________|________|_______
                      |                  Hours of work 2/
                      |____________________________________________________
Total private.........|    34.4|   p34.5|    34.5|   p34.4|   p34.6|   p0.2
  Manufacturing.......|    41.7|   p41.8|    41.8|   p41.8|   p41.7|   p-.1
    Overtime..........|     4.5|    p4.7|     4.7|    p4.7|    p4.6|   p-.1
                      |________|________|________|________|________|_______
                      |    Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/
                      |____________________________________________________
Total private.........|   147.3|  p148.2|   148.4|  p148.0|  p149.0|   p1.0
                      |________|________|________|________|________|_______
                      |                      Earnings 2/
                      |____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, |        |        |        |        |        |
  total private.......|  $13.19| p$13.31|  $13.29| p$13.36| p$13.37| p$0.01
Avg. weekly earnings, |        |        |        |        |        |
  total private.......|  454.06| p458.75|  458.51| p459.58| p462.60|  p3.02
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
    1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
    2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
    p=preliminary.

                                  - 3 -

Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
   
   Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 310,000 in October to 129.3 million,
after seasonal adjustment.  This large increase follows little growth in
September; the average job gain over the 2 months was 176,000.  In October,
employment growth was widespread in the service-producing sector, and the
construction and mining industries also added jobs.  Job losses continued
in manufacturing, although the declines have been smaller, on average, over
the past 4 months than in the first half of the year.  (See table B-1.)
   
   In the service-producing sector, the services industry gained 215,000
jobs in October, following a small gain in September (40,000).  The 2-month
average job growth (128,000) is in line with the average for the first 8
months of this year.  Business services accounted for about one-third of
October's increase.  Within business services, help supply services added
45,000 jobs, well above its average growth.  In contrast, computer services
added only 5,000 jobs, the second consecutive month of slow growth for this
industry.  Elsewhere in services, notable employment increases occurred in
amusement and recreation services (23,000), health services (19,000),
educational services (23,000), social services (15,000), and engineering
and management services (27,000); all of these industries showed little or
no job growth in September.
   
   Government employment rose by 53,000 in October, after seasonal
adjustment.  Local government accounted for nearly all of the growth, with
a gain of 46,000 jobs split almost evenly between education and
noneducation agencies.
   
   Finance, insurance, and real estate added 18,000 jobs in October,
following a decline of 7,000 in the prior month.  Real estate employment
grew by 10,000 in October after 2 months of small declines.  Within
finance, security and commodity brokerages added 7,000 jobs over the month,
following no growth in September.  Employment in mortgage banks and
brokerages fell by 5,000 in October.  This industry has lost a total of
19,000 jobs since May, likely reflecting the recent rise in mortgage
interest rates.
   
   Employment in transportation and public utilities rose by 17,000 in
October.  Transportation accounted for most of the increase (14,000), with
the largest gains occurring in trucking and warehousing and transportation
by air.  Communications employment rose by 8,000 over the month; since
June, the industry has added 28,000 jobs.  In public utilities, an October
employment decline of 5,000 more than offset small increases in the prior 2
months.  Wholesale trade employment grew by 20,000 in October, with a large
gain occurring in its durable goods component (18,000).  October's rise in
wholesale jobs followed a small increase (5,000) in September.
   
   Retail trade lost 30,000 jobs in October.  This was its third
consecutive over-the-month decline following a large increase in July.
Average monthly employment growth for the year thus far (30,000) is still
in line with that for all of 1998.  In October, large job declines in
eating and drinking places (-28,000), food stores (-13,000), and general
merchandise stores (-8,000) were only partially offset by increases in
building materials and garden supplies (11,000) and auto dealerships (6,000).
   
   In the goods-producing sector, construction employment increased by
28,000 in October, seasonally adjusted, following a gain of the same
magnitude in September.  Most of the October growth was in special trade
contractors (22,000), some of which reflects cleanup and reconstruction
following Hurricane Floyd.
   
   All of October's 4,000 increase in mining employment was in oil and gas
extraction, reflecting the recent rise in crude oil prices.

                                  - 4 -

   Manufacturing employment continued to decline in October with a loss of
15,000 jobs.  Since June, the number of factory jobs has fallen by an
average of 12,000 per month, compared with an average decline of 36,000 per
month during the first half of the year.  The slower pace of job loss since
June can be attributed in part to electrical equipment and to fabricated
metals, which have added 8,000 and 2,000 jobs over the period,
respectively.  Employment in both of these industries had been trending
down since the spring of 1998.  In October, job losses continued in
instruments, industrial machinery, aircraft, apparel, and textiles.  Lumber
and furniture continued their slow growth, and rubber and plastics products
also added jobs in October.
   
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
   
   The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.2 hour in October to 34.6 hours, seasonally
adjusted.  Both the manufacturing workweek and overtime edged down by 0.1
hour to 41.7 and 4.6 hours, respectively.  (See table B-2.)
   
   The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.7 percent to 149.0
(1982=100), seasonally adjusted.  The manufacturing index declined by 0.6
percent in October to 105.9.  (See table B-5.)
   
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
   
   Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 1 cent in October to $13.37,
seasonally adjusted.  This followed a gain of 7 cents in September.  In
October, average weekly earnings rose by 0.7 percent to $462.60, seasonally
adjusted.  Over the year, both average hourly earnings and average weekly
earnings increased by 3.6 percent.  (See table B-3.)
   
                 ________________________________________
   
   The Employment Situation for November 1999 is scheduled to be released
on Friday, December 3, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).
     
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 |                                                                        |
 |           New Seasonal Factors for Establishment Survey Data           |
 |                                                                        |
 |   Following usual practice, the 6-month updates to seasonal adjustment |
 |factors for the establishment survey data will be introduced with next  |
 |month's release of November data.  These factors will be used for the   |
 |September 1999 through April 2000 estimates and will be published in the|
 |December 1999 issue of Employment and Earnings.  These factors will be  |
 |available on Monday, November 29, on the Internet                       |
 |(http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm) or by calling (202) 606-6555.        |
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                  - 5 -

Explanatory Note


 This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey).  The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA.  It is a sample survey of about
50,000 households  conducted by the Bureau of the Census  for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
 
 The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA.  This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies.  In June 1999,
the sample included about 390,000 establishments employing about 48 million
people.
 
 For both surveys, the data for a given month  relate to a particular week
or pay period.  In the household survey,  the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month.  In the
establishment survey, the reference  period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
 
 Household survey.  The sample  is selected  to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population.  Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person  16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
 
 People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm.  People are also counted as employed if they
were  temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
 
 People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria:  They had no employment during the  reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week.  Persons laid off from  a job and expecting recall   need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed.  The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
 
 The civilian labor force  is the sum of  employed and  unemployed
persons.  Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force.  The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the  labor force.  The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
 
 Establishment survey.  The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities.  Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave.  Persons are counted in each job
they hold.  Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.

                                  - 6 -
 
 Differences in employment estimates.  The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys.  Among these are:
 
 --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.

 --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
 
 --The household survey is limited to  workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
 
 --The  household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
individuals  are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In
the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job  and thus
appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
 
 Other differences between the two surveys are described in   "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.

Seasonal adjustment
 
 Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools.  The
effect of such seasonal  variation can  be  very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
 
 Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month.  These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot.  For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined.  However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change.  Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
 
 In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted.  However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series.  For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-
sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
 
 The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year.  For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December

                                  - 7 -

period.  For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period.  In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates
 
 Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error.  When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent.  The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate.  There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error.  BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
 
 For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
376,000.  Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next.  The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 +/- 376,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval.  Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased.  If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero.  In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred.  The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is +/- 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is +/- .21 percentage point.
 
 In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations.  The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages.  The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
 
 The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error.  Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
 
 For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables.  It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
 
 Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms.  To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change.  The size of the

                                  - 8 -

monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
 
 The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error.  The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries.  Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.

Additional statistics and other information
 
 More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS.  It is available for $16.00 per issue or
$40.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402.  All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
 
 Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release.  For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-H of its "Explanatory Notes."  Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that
publication.
 
 Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request.  Voice phone:  202-606-STAT; TDD phone:
202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone:  1-800-326-2577.
  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                              HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-1.  Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                     Not seasonally adjusted              Seasonally adjusted(1)            
                                                                                                                            
           Employment status, sex, and age                                                                                  
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                       Oct.    Sept.   Oct.    Oct.    June    July    Aug.    Sept.   Oct. 
                                                       1998    1999    1999    1998    1999    1999    1999    1999    1999 
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                        TOTAL                                                                                               
                                                                                                                            
  Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 205,919 208,265 208,483 205,919 207,632 207,828 208,038 208,265 208,483
    Civilian labor force............................ 138,255 139,217 139,761 138,116 139,408 139,254 139,264 139,386 139,662
          Participation rate........................    67.1    66.8    67.0    67.1    67.1    67.0    66.9    66.9    67.0
      Employed...................................... 132,424 133,555 134,390 131,858 133,432 133,307 133,411 133,550 133,896
          Employment-population ratio...............    64.3    64.1    64.5    64.0    64.3    64.1    64.1    64.1    64.2
        Agriculture.................................   3,630   3,342   3,293   3,558   3,354   3,292   3,219   3,137   3,203
        Nonagricultural industries.................. 128,794 130,214 131,096 128,300 130,078 130,015 130,192 130,413 130,693
      Unemployed....................................   5,831   5,661   5,372   6,258   5,975   5,947   5,853   5,836   5,766
          Unemployment rate.........................     4.2     4.1     3.8     4.5     4.3     4.3     4.2     4.2     4.1
    Not in labor force..............................  67,664  69,048  68,722  67,803  68,225  68,574  68,774  68,879  68,821
                                                                                                                            
                Men, 16 years and over                                                                                      
                                                                                                                            
  Civilian noninstitutional population..............  99,121  99,976 100,088  99,121  99,668  99,761  99,863  99,976 100,088
    Civilian labor force............................  74,165  74,393  74,623  74,189  74,420  74,500  74,400  74,634  74,655
          Participation rate........................    74.8    74.4    74.6    74.8    74.7    74.7    74.5    74.7    74.6
      Employed......................................  71,219  71,603  71,825  70,925  71,321  71,444  71,332  71,615  71,569
          Employment-population ratio...............    71.9    71.6    71.8    71.6    71.6    71.6    71.4    71.6    71.5
      Unemployed....................................   2,946   2,790   2,799   3,264   3,099   3,056   3,067   3,019   3,087
          Unemployment rate.........................     4.0     3.8     3.8     4.4     4.2     4.1     4.1     4.0     4.1
                                                                                                                            
                Men, 20 years and over                                                                                      
                                                                                                                            
  Civilian noninstitutional population..............  91,101  91,793  91,896  91,101  91,487  91,561  91,692  91,793  91,896
    Civilian labor force............................  70,051  70,286  70,401  69,913  70,127  70,164  70,179  70,326  70,291
          Participation rate........................    76.9    76.6    76.6    76.7    76.7    76.6    76.5    76.6    76.5
      Employed......................................  67,773  68,078  68,175  67,362  67,633  67,687  67,682  67,950  67,815
          Employment-population ratio...............    74.4    74.2    74.2    73.9    73.9    73.9    73.8    74.0    73.8
        Agriculture.................................   2,542   2,296   2,268   2,449   2,248   2,271   2,242   2,168   2,171
        Nonagricultural industries..................  65,231  65,782  65,907  64,913  65,385  65,416  65,440  65,782  65,644
      Unemployed....................................   2,278   2,208   2,226   2,551   2,494   2,477   2,496   2,376   2,477
          Unemployment rate.........................     3.3     3.1     3.2     3.6     3.6     3.5     3.6     3.4     3.5
                                                                                                                            
               Women, 16 years and over                                                                                     
                                                                                                                            
  Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 106,798 108,289 108,395 106,798 107,964 108,067 108,175 108,289 108,395
    Civilian labor force............................  64,090  64,823  65,138  63,927  64,988  64,754  64,864  64,753  65,007
          Participation rate........................    60.0    59.9    60.1    59.9    60.2    59.9    60.0    59.8    60.0
      Employed......................................  61,205  61,952  62,565  60,933  62,112  61,863  62,079  61,935  62,327
          Employment-population ratio...............    57.3    57.2    57.7    57.1    57.5    57.2    57.4    57.2    57.5
      Unemployed....................................   2,884   2,871   2,573   2,994   2,876   2,891   2,786   2,817   2,679
          Unemployment rate.........................     4.5     4.4     4.0     4.7     4.4     4.5     4.3     4.4     4.1
                                                                                                                            
               Women, 20 years and over                                                                                     
                                                                                                                            
  Civilian noninstitutional population..............  99,037 100,385 100,458  99,037 100,131 100,203 100,285 100,385 100,458
    Civilian labor force............................  60,224  61,053  61,292  59,826  61,092  60,791  60,908  60,793  60,920
          Participation rate........................    60.8    60.8    61.0    60.4    61.0    60.7    60.7    60.6    60.6
      Employed......................................  57,898  58,753  59,238  57,437  58,719  58,373  58,654  58,572  58,806
          Employment-population ratio...............    58.5    58.5    59.0    58.0    58.6    58.3    58.5    58.3    58.5
        Agriculture.................................     802     833     829     771     869     797     764     767     803
        Nonagricultural industries..................  57,097  57,920  58,409  56,666  57,849  57,576  57,890  57,804  58,003
      Unemployed....................................   2,326   2,299   2,054   2,389   2,373   2,418   2,254   2,222   2,113
          Unemployment rate.........................     3.9     3.8     3.4     4.0     3.9     4.0     3.7     3.7     3.5
                                                                                                                            
              Both sexes, 16 to 19 years                                                                                    
                                                                                                                            
  Civilian  noninstitutional population.............  15,781  16,086  16,129  15,781  16,014  16,065  16,061  16,086  16,129
    Civilian labor force............................   7,980   7,878   8,068   8,377   8,189   8,300   8,177   8,267   8,451
          Participation rate........................    50.6    49.0    50.0    53.1    51.1    51.7    50.9    51.4    52.4
      Employed......................................   6,753   6,724   6,977   7,059   7,081   7,247   7,075   7,028   7,275
          Employment-population ratio...............    42.8    41.8    43.3    44.7    44.2    45.1    44.0    43.7    45.1
        Agriculture.................................     287     212     196     338     237     225     212     201     229
        Nonagricultural industries..................   6,466   6,512   6,781   6,721   6,843   7,023   6,862   6,827   7,046
      Unemployed....................................   1,226   1,154   1,091   1,318   1,108   1,053   1,102   1,238   1,176
          Unemployment rate.........................    15.4    14.7    13.5    15.7    13.5    12.7    13.5    15.0    13.9

    1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
  and seasonally adjusted columns.
     NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.






  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                              HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-2.  Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                     Not seasonally adjusted              Seasonally adjusted(1)            
                                                                                                                            
        Employment status, race, sex, age, and                                                                              
                   Hispanic origin                                                                                          
                                                                                                                            
                                                       Oct.    Sept.   Oct.    Oct.    June    July    Aug.    Sept.   Oct. 
                                                       1998    1999    1999    1998    1999    1999    1999    1999    1999 
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                        WHITE                                                                                               
  Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 171,956 173,432 173,585 171,956 172,999 173,133 173,275 173,432 173,585
    Civilian labor force............................ 115,804 116,243 116,683 115,714 116,578 116,393 116,602 116,409 116,577
        Participation rate..........................    67.3    67.0    67.2    67.3    67.4    67.2    67.3    67.1    67.2
      Employed...................................... 111,599 112,241 112,890 111,162 112,092 112,117 112,277 112,210 112,483
        Employment-population ratio.................    64.9    64.7    65.0    64.6    64.8    64.8    64.8    64.7    64.8
      Unemployed....................................   4,206   4,002   3,793   4,552   4,486   4,276   4,325   4,198   4,093
        Unemployment rate...........................     3.6     3.4     3.3     3.9     3.8     3.7     3.7     3.6     3.5
                                                                                                                            
                Men, 20 years and over                                                                                      
    Civilian labor force............................  59,620  59,808  59,784  59,579  59,711  59,837  59,968  59,839  59,738
        Participation rate..........................    77.2    77.1    77.0    77.2    77.2    77.3    77.4    77.1    76.9
      Employed......................................  57,911  58,236  58,235  57,646  57,784  57,978  58,013  58,120  58,003
        Employment-population ratio.................    75.0    75.1    75.0    74.7    74.7    74.9    74.8    74.9    74.7
      Unemployed....................................   1,709   1,571   1,549   1,933   1,927   1,859   1,955   1,719   1,735
        Unemployment rate...........................     2.9     2.6     2.6     3.2     3.2     3.1     3.3     2.9     2.9
                                                                                                                            
               Women, 20 years and over                                                                                     
    Civilian labor force............................  49,433  49,746  50,042  49,062  49,933  49,542  49,701  49,534  49,660
        Participation rate..........................    60.1    59.9    60.2    59.7    60.2    59.7    59.9    59.6    59.7
      Employed......................................  47,825  48,138  48,581  47,401  48,215  47,878  48,134  47,946  48,148
        Employment-population ratio.................    58.2    57.9    58.4    57.6    58.2    57.7    58.0    57.7    57.9
      Unemployed....................................   1,608   1,608   1,460   1,661   1,718   1,665   1,567   1,587   1,512
        Unemployment rate...........................     3.3     3.2     2.9     3.4     3.4     3.4     3.2     3.2     3.0
                                                                                                                            
              Both sexes, 16 to 19 years                                                                                    
    Civilian labor force............................   6,751   6,690   6,857   7,073   6,934   7,013   6,932   7,036   7,179
        Participation rate..........................    53.9    52.5    53.8    56.4    54.6    55.1    54.4    55.2    56.3
      Employed......................................   5,863   5,867   6,073   6,115   6,093   6,261   6,129   6,144   6,332
        Employment-population ratio.................    46.8    46.0    47.7    48.8    48.0    49.2    48.1    48.2    49.7
      Unemployed....................................     888     823     784     958     840     753     803     892     847
        Unemployment rate...........................    13.2    12.3    11.4    13.5    12.1    10.7    11.6    12.7    11.8
          Men.......................................    13.8    12.4    11.4    14.1    11.8    10.9    12.2    13.0    11.6
          Women.....................................    12.4    12.2    11.5    13.0    12.5    10.6    10.9    12.4    12.0
                                                                                                                            
                        BLACK                                                                                               
  Civilian noninstitutional population..............  24,496  24,946  24,985  24,496  24,833  24,867  24,904  24,946  24,985
    Civilian labor force............................  16,220  16,494  16,527  16,163  16,300  16,384  16,279  16,534  16,478
        Participation rate..........................    66.2    66.1    66.1    66.0    65.6    65.9    65.4    66.3    66.0
      Employed......................................  14,896  15,113  15,215  14,776  15,103  14,949  15,005  15,154  15,104
        Employment-population ratio.................    60.8    60.6    60.9    60.3    60.8    60.1    60.3    60.7    60.5
      Unemployed....................................   1,325   1,381   1,311   1,387   1,197   1,434   1,274   1,380   1,374
        Unemployment rate...........................     8.2     8.4     7.9     8.6     7.3     8.8     7.8     8.3     8.3
                                                                                                                            
                Men, 20 years and over                                                                                      
    Civilian labor force............................   7,212   7,216   7,334   7,144   7,152   7,132   7,151   7,200   7,282
        Participation rate..........................    73.7    72.4    73.4    73.1    72.1    71.8    71.9    72.3    72.9
      Employed......................................   6,754   6,711   6,794   6,653   6,712   6,601   6,706   6,684   6,707
        Employment-population ratio.................    69.1    67.3    68.0    68.0    67.7    66.5    67.4    67.1    67.2
      Unemployed....................................     458     506     540     491     440     531     445     516     575
        Unemployment rate...........................     6.4     7.0     7.4     6.9     6.1     7.4     6.2     7.2     7.9
                                                                                                                            
               Women, 20 years and over                                                                                     
    Civilian labor force............................   8,030   8,361   8,286   7,992   8,214   8,318   8,229   8,383   8,254
        Participation rate..........................    65.5    66.9    66.2    65.2    66.0    66.8    66.0    67.1    65.9
      Employed......................................   7,437   7,774   7,790   7,391   7,671   7,663   7,658   7,821   7,751
        Employment-population ratio.................    60.7    62.2    62.2    60.3    61.7    61.5    61.4    62.6    61.9
      Unemployed....................................     594     587     496     601     544     654     571     562     502
        Unemployment rate...........................     7.4     7.0     6.0     7.5     6.6     7.9     6.9     6.7     6.1
                                                                                                                            
              Both sexes, 16 to 19 years                                                                                    
    Civilian labor force............................     978     917     906   1,027     934     934     899     951     943
        Participation rate..........................    39.8    36.9    36.5    41.8    37.7    37.6    36.2    38.3    38.0
      Employed......................................     705     628     631     732     721     685     642     649     646
        Employment-population ratio.................    28.7    25.3    25.4    29.8    29.0    27.6    25.8    26.1    26.0
      Unemployed....................................     273     289     275     295     214     249     257     302     297
        Unemployment rate...........................    27.9    31.5    30.3    28.7    22.9    26.7    28.6    31.7    31.5
          Men.......................................    31.2    28.7    32.7    34.7    26.7    30.8    29.4    30.6    36.4
          Women.....................................    25.0    34.2    27.9    23.5    19.6    22.9    27.9    32.9    26.5
                   HISPANIC ORIGIN                                                                                          
  Civilian noninstitutional population..............  21,286  21,820  21,881  21,286  21,618  21,684  21,752  21,820  21,881
    Civilian labor force............................  14,509  14,768  14,837  14,437  14,643  14,592  14,734  14,756  14,797
        Participation rate..........................    68.2    67.7    67.8    67.8    67.7    67.3    67.7    67.6    67.6
      Employed......................................  13,502  13,818  13,922  13,382  13,654  13,685  13,776  13,763  13,853
        Employment-population ratio.................    63.4    63.3    63.6    62.9    63.2    63.1    63.3    63.1    63.3
      Unemployed....................................   1,007     950     915   1,055     989     907     959     993     944
        Unemployment rate...........................     6.9     6.4     6.2     7.3     6.8     6.2     6.5     6.7     6.4

    1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
  and seasonally adjusted columns.
      NOTE:  Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
  group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.  Beginning in January
  1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.





  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                               HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                               Not seasonally adjusted                  Seasonally adjusted(1)               
                                                                                                                             
            Educational attainment                                                                                           
                                                                                                                             
                                                Oct.     Sept.    Oct.     Oct.     June     July     Aug.     Sept.    Oct.  
                                                1998     1999     1999     1998     1999     1999     1999     1999     1999  
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
       Less than a high school diploma                                                                                       
                                                                                                                             
  Civilian noninstitutional population......   28,713   28,583   28,246   28,713   28,515   28,015   28,568   28,583   28,246
    Civilian labor force....................   12,143   12,275   12,039   12,408   12,047   12,069   12,412   12,198   12,297
        Percent of population...............     42.3     42.9     42.6     43.2     42.2     43.1     43.4     42.7     43.5
      Employed..............................   11,368   11,506   11,303   11,556   11,238   11,244   11,530   11,358   11,487
        Employment-population ratio.........     39.6     40.3     40.0     40.2     39.4     40.1     40.4     39.7     40.7
      Unemployed............................      774      769      735      852      810      825      883      840      810
        Unemployment rate...................      6.4      6.3      6.1      6.9      6.7      6.8      7.1      6.9      6.6
                                                                                                                             
     High school graduates, no college(2)                                                                                    
                                                                                                                             
  Civilian noninstitutional population......   57,666   57,518   57,275   57,666   57,963   57,162   57,195   57,518   57,275
    Civilian labor force....................   37,669   37,286   37,170   37,540   37,403   36,941   36,845   37,133   37,019
        Percent of population...............     65.3     64.8     64.9     65.1     64.5     64.6     64.4     64.6     64.6
      Employed..............................   36,287   36,022   36,038   36,056   35,961   35,629   35,550   35,807   35,823
        Employment-population ratio.........     62.9     62.6     62.9     62.5     62.0     62.3     62.2     62.3     62.5
      Unemployed............................    1,383    1,264    1,132    1,484    1,442    1,313    1,294    1,325    1,195
        Unemployment rate...................      3.7      3.4      3.0      4.0      3.9      3.6      3.5      3.6      3.2
                                                                                                                             
       Less than a bachelor's degree(3)                                                                                      
                                                                                                                             
  Civilian noninstitutional population......   42,573   42,955   43,787   42,573   42,780   43,610   43,130   42,955   43,787
    Civilian labor force....................   31,827   31,930   32,564   31,349   31,937   32,102   31,803   32,076   32,177
        Percent of population...............     74.8     74.3     74.4     73.6     74.7     73.6     73.7     74.7     73.5
      Employed..............................   30,916   31,086   31,714   30,423   31,130   31,097   30,795   31,211   31,307
        Employment-population ratio.........     72.6     72.4     72.4     71.5     72.8     71.3     71.4     72.7     71.5
      Unemployed............................      911      844      851      926      806    1,005    1,008      866      871
        Unemployment rate...................      2.9      2.6      2.6      3.0      2.5      3.1      3.2      2.7      2.7
                                                                                                                             
              College graduates                                                                                              
                                                                                                                             
  Civilian noninstitutional population......   43,520   45,081   44,986   43,520   44,464   45,042   45,086   45,081   44,986
    Civilian labor force....................   35,034   35,948   35,992   34,779   35,856   35,981   36,142   35,745   35,717
        Percent of population...............     80.5     79.7     80.0     79.9     80.6     79.9     80.2     79.3     79.4
      Employed..............................   34,405   35,333   35,420   34,108   35,128   35,317   35,579   35,157   35,104
        Employment-population ratio.........     79.1     78.4     78.7     78.4     79.0     78.4     78.9     78.0     78.0
      Unemployed............................      629      615      573      671      727      664      563      588      613
        Unemployment rate...................      1.8      1.7      1.6      1.9      2.0      1.8      1.6      1.6      1.7

    1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
  and seasonally adjusted columns.
    2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
    3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
     NOTE:  Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.





  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                              HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-4. Selected employment indicators

  (In thousands)
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                     Not seasonally adjusted               Seasonally adjusted              
                                                                                                                            
                       Category                                                                                             
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                       Oct.    Sept.   Oct.    Oct.    June    July    Aug.    Sept.   Oct. 
                                                       1998    1999    1999    1998    1999    1999    1999    1999    1999 
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                    CHARACTERISTIC                                                                                          
                                                                                                                            
  Total employed, 16 years and over................. 132,424 133,555 134,390 131,858 133,432 133,307 133,411 133,550 133,896
    Married men, spouse present.....................  43,512  43,663  43,590  43,090  43,291  43,353  43,398  43,446  43,158
    Married women, spouse present...................  33,451  33,403  33,928  33,037  33,802  33,302  33,458  33,204  33,525
    Women who maintain families.....................   7,928   8,380   8,407   7,940   7,991   8,289   8,357   8,313   8,424
                                                                                                                            
                      OCCUPATION                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
    Managerial and professional specialty...........  39,960  40,892  40,973  39,679  40,946  40,901  40,893  40,843  40,690
    Technical, sales, and administrative support....  38,556  38,519  39,035  38,431  38,729  38,573  38,842  38,557  38,996
    Service occupations.............................  17,577  17,817  17,444  17,692  18,020  18,035  18,034  17,907  17,566
    Precision production, craft, and repair.........  14,129  14,531  14,776  14,192  14,084  14,405  14,241  14,589  14,881
    Operators, fabricators, and laborers............  18,446  18,202  18,675  18,168  18,190  17,985  18,058  18,260  18,396
    Farming, forestry, and fishing..................   3,756   3,594   3,487   3,604   3,504   3,423   3,422   3,346   3,343
                                                                                                                            
                   CLASS OF WORKER                                                                                          
                                                                                                                            
    Agriculture:                                                                                                            
      Wage and salary workers.......................   2,284   2,051   1,950   2,247   1,911   1,938   1,900   1,929   1,915
      Self-employed workers.........................   1,310   1,246   1,294   1,282   1,369   1,300   1,262   1,176   1,273
      Unpaid family workers.........................      37      44      49      33      37      47      48      41      43
    Nonagricultural industries:                                                                                             
      Wage and salary workers....................... 119,616 121,255 122,048 119,275 121,005 121,157 121,163 121,498 121,600
        Government..................................  18,586  18,939  18,796  18,547  19,110  19,068  19,243  19,131  18,759
        Private industries.......................... 101,030 102,316 103,252 100,728 101,895 102,089 101,920 102,367 102,841
          Private households........................     950   1,006     939     946   1,001     943     871   1,039     931
          Other industries.......................... 100,080 101,310 102,313  99,782 100,894 101,146 101,049 101,328 101,910
      Self-employed workers.........................   9,091   8,864   8,959   9,030   8,857   8,837   9,066   8,820   8,879
      Unpaid family workers.........................      87      95      89      95      87      74      91      98     100
                                                                                                                            
              PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME                                                                                     
                                                                                                                            
    All industries:                                                                                                         
      Part time for economic reasons................   3,086   2,948   2,832   3,404   3,418   3,299   3,248   3,269   3,151
        Slack work or business conditions...........   1,821   1,689   1,718   2,031   2,092   1,983   1,871   1,895   1,926
        Could only find part-time work..............   1,047   1,031     895   1,136   1,014   1,044   1,057   1,087     975
      Part time for noneconomic reasons.............  19,479  19,069  19,644  18,667  18,666  19,122  19,359  18,787  18,816
                                                                                                                            
    Nonagricultural industries:                                                                                             
      Part time for economic reasons................   2,956   2,814   2,666   3,253   3,232   3,130   3,105   3,096   2,958
        Slack work or business conditions...........   1,724   1,596   1,600   1,927   1,944   1,846   1,791   1,789   1,800
        Could only find part-time work..............   1,030   1,015     876   1,110   1,010   1,028   1,041   1,080     950
      Part time for noneconomic reasons.............  18,896  18,490  19,081  18,107  18,016  18,618  18,781  18,288  18,277

      NOTE:  Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
  reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.  Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
  work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
  weather.  Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.





  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                              HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                            Number of                                                       
                                                        unemployed persons                Unemployment rates(1)             
                                                          (in thousands)                                                    
                       Category                                                                                             
                                                                                                                            
                                                       Oct.    Sept.   Oct.    Oct.    June    July    Aug.    Sept.   Oct. 
                                                       1998    1999    1999    1998    1999    1999    1999    1999    1999 
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                    CHARACTERISTIC                                                                                          
                                                                                                                            
   Total, 16 years and over.........................   6,258   5,836   5,766    4.5     4.3     4.3     4.2     4.2     4.1 
     Men, 20 years and over.........................   2,551   2,376   2,477    3.6     3.6     3.5     3.6     3.4     3.5 
     Women, 20 years and over.......................   2,389   2,222   2,113    4.0     3.9     4.0     3.7     3.7     3.5 
     Both sexes, 16 to 19 years.....................   1,318   1,238   1,176   15.7    13.5    12.7    13.5    15.0    13.9 
                                                                                                                            
     Married men, spouse present....................   1,004     955     996    2.3     2.2     2.3     2.3     2.1     2.3 
     Married women, spouse present..................     945     885     840    2.8     2.7     2.9     2.7     2.6     2.4 
     Women who maintain families....................     585     574     535    6.9     6.6     6.4     6.4     6.5     6.0 
                                                                                                                            
     Full-time workers..............................   4,871   4,553   4,637    4.3     4.0     4.1     4.1     4.0     4.0 
     Part-time workers..............................   1,362   1,247   1,117    5.5     5.4     4.9     4.5     5.1     4.6 
                                                                                                                            
                    OCCUPATION(2)                                                                                           
                                                                                                                            
     Managerial and professional specialty..........     778     744     761    1.9     2.0     1.9     1.8     1.8     1.8 
     Technical, sales, and administrative support...   1,553   1,390   1,415    3.9     3.6     4.0     3.6     3.5     3.5 
     Precision production, craft, and repair........     594     586     602    4.0     4.9     3.8     4.6     3.9     3.9 
     Operators, fabricators, and laborers...........   1,316   1,277   1,239    6.8     6.0     6.3     6.2     6.5     6.3 
     Farming, forestry, and fishing.................     207     172     191    5.4     7.5     6.4     6.2     4.9     5.4 
                                                                                                                            
                       INDUSTRY                                                                                             
                                                                                                                            
     Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers   4,896   4,663   4,468    4.6     4.4     4.4     4.3     4.4     4.2 
       Goods-producing industries...................   1,319   1,375   1,290    4.6     4.7     4.4     5.0     4.9     4.5 
         Mining.....................................      15      44      25    2.4     4.7     6.4     4.0     7.1     4.3 
         Construction...............................     471     519     526    6.7     7.5     6.7     7.9     6.8     6.7 
         Manufacturing..............................     833     812     739    3.9     3.8     3.5     3.9     4.1     3.7 
           Durable goods............................     411     510     412    3.2     3.6     3.8     3.7     4.1     3.4 
           Nondurable goods.........................     422     302     327    5.1     4.0     3.0     4.2     3.9     4.2 
       Service-producing industries.................   3,577   3,288   3,177    4.7     4.3     4.4     4.0     4.2     4.0 
         Transportation and public utilities........     255     217     250    3.5     2.8     3.6     3.1     2.7     3.2 
         Wholesale and retail trade.................   1,511   1,415   1,327    5.6     5.4     5.2     4.8     5.2     4.8 
         Finance, insurance, and real estate........     210     178     186    2.5     2.3     2.3     2.4     2.2     2.3 
         Services...................................   1,601   1,477   1,414    4.7     4.2     4.5     4.0     4.1     4.0 
     Government workers.............................     409     381     391    2.2     2.4     2.3     2.1     2.0     2.0 
     Agricultural wage and salary workers...........     161     108     149    6.7     9.6     8.9     9.8     5.3     7.2 

    1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
    2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
  is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
     NOTE:  Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.





  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                              HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-6. Duration of unemployment

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                     Not seasonally adjusted               Seasonally adjusted              
                                                                                                                            
                       Duration                                                                                             
                                                                                                                            
                                                       Oct.    Sept.   Oct.    Oct.    June    July    Aug.    Sept.   Oct. 
                                                       1998    1999    1999    1998    1999    1999    1999    1999    1999 
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED                                                                                       
                                                                                                                            
   Less than 5 weeks................................   2,617   2,627   2,359   2,754   2,529   2,680   2,621   2,589   2,471
   5 to 14 weeks....................................   1,728   1,664   1,664   1,896   1,736   1,766   1,810   1,831   1,853
   15 weeks and over................................   1,486   1,370   1,348   1,598   1,668   1,505   1,449   1,392   1,427
      15 to 26 weeks................................     652     672     646     732     824     787     745     698     711
      27 weeks and over.............................     834     698     702     866     844     718     704     694     716
                                                                                                                            
   Average (mean) duration, in weeks................    14.6    13.1    13.8    14.1    14.5    13.6    13.2    12.8    13.2
   Median duration, in weeks........................     5.7     6.0     6.1     5.9     6.2     5.7     6.5     5.8     6.4
                                                                                                                            
                 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION                                                                                       
                                                                                                                            
   Total unemployed.................................   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0
     Less than 5 weeks..............................    44.9    46.4    43.9    44.1    42.6    45.0    44.6    44.5    43.0
     5 to 14 weeks..................................    29.6    29.4    31.0    30.3    29.3    29.7    30.8    31.5    32.2
     15 weeks and over..............................    25.5    24.2    25.1    25.6    28.1    25.3    24.6    23.9    24.8
       15 to 26 weeks...............................    11.2    11.9    12.0    11.7    13.9    13.2    12.7    12.0    12.4
       27 weeks and over............................    14.3    12.3    13.1    13.9    14.2    12.1    12.0    11.9    12.4

     NOTE:  Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.





  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                              HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-7. Reason for unemployment

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                     Not seasonally adjusted               Seasonally adjusted              
                                                                                                                            
                        Reason                                                                                              
                                                                                                                            
                                                       Oct.    Sept.   Oct.    Oct.    June    July    Aug.    Sept.   Oct. 
                                                       1998    1999    1999    1998    1999    1999    1999    1999    1999 
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED                                                                                       
                                                                                                                            
  Job losers and persons who completed temporary                                                                            
     jobs...........................................   2,426   2,299   2,162   2,813   2,683   2,740   2,662   2,586   2,490
    On temporary layoff.............................     584     620     535     857     892     850     929     890     781
    Not on temporary layoff.........................   1,842   1,678   1,626   1,956   1,791   1,890   1,734   1,696   1,710
      Permanent job losers..........................   1,218   1,158   1,097   (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)  
      Persons who completed temporary jobs..........     625     520     529   (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)  
  Job leavers.......................................     757     871     789     730     864     755     797     737     766
  Reentrants........................................   2,137   2,028   1,956   2,142   2,057   2,011   1,896   1,965   1,952
  New entrants......................................     509     464     466     577     349     402     483     537     527
                                                                                                                            
                 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION                                                                                       
                                                                                                                            
  Total unemployed..................................   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0
   Job losers and persons who completed temporary                                                                           
     jobs...........................................    41.6    40.6    40.2    44.9    45.1    46.4    45.6    44.4    43.4
     On temporary layoff............................    10.0    11.0    10.0    13.7    15.0    14.4    15.9    15.3    13.6
     Not on temporary layoff........................    31.6    29.6    30.3    31.2    30.1    32.0    29.7    29.1    29.8
   Job leavers......................................    13.0    15.4    14.7    11.7    14.5    12.8    13.6    12.7    13.4
   Reentrants.......................................    36.7    35.8    36.4    34.2    34.6    34.0    32.5    33.7    34.0
   New entrants.....................................     8.7     8.2     8.7     9.2     5.9     6.8     8.3     9.2     9.2
                                                                                                                            
            UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE                                                                                  
                   CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE                                                                                     
                                                                                                                            
   Job losers and persons who completed temporary                                                                           
     jobs...........................................     1.8     1.7     1.5     2.0     1.9     2.0     1.9     1.9     1.8
   Job leavers......................................      .5      .6      .6      .5      .6      .5      .6      .5      .5
   Reentrants.......................................     1.5     1.5     1.4     1.6     1.5     1.4     1.4     1.4     1.4
   New entrants.....................................      .4      .3      .3      .4      .3      .3      .3      .4      .4

    1 Not available.
     NOTE:  Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.





  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                               HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization

  (Percent)
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                  Not seasonally               Seasonally adjusted           
                                                                     adjusted                                                
                            Measure                                                                                          
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                Oct.   Sept.  Oct.   Oct.   June   July   Aug.   Sept.  Oct. 
                                                                1998   1999   1999   1998   1999   1999   1999   1999   1999 
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
  U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of                                                                 
      the civilian labor force................................    1.1    1.0    1.0    1.2    1.2    1.1    1.0    1.0    1.0
                                                                                                                             
  U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as                                                                
      a percent of the civilian labor force...................    1.8    1.7    1.5    2.0    1.9    2.0    1.9    1.9    1.8
                                                                                                                             
  U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor                                                                   
      force (official unemployment rate)......................    4.2    4.1    3.8    4.5    4.3    4.3    4.2    4.2    4.1
                                                                                                                             
  U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent                                                                
      of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers....    4.4    4.3    4.0   (1)    (1)    (1)    (1)    (1)    (1) 
                                                                                                                             
  U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all                                                                   
      other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the                                                                 
      civilian labor force plus all marginally                                                                               
      attached workers........................................    5.1    4.9    4.7   (1)    (1)    (1)    (1)    (1)    (1) 
                                                                                                                             
  U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,                                                                
      plus total employed part time for economic reasons,                                                                    
      as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all                                                                      
      marginally attached workers.............................    7.3    7.0    6.7   (1)    (1)    (1)    (1)    (1)    (1) 

    1 Not available.
      NOTE:  This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
  this release prior to 1994.  Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
  but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past.  Discouraged
  workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. 
  Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
  settle for a part-time schedule.  For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
  measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.  Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised
  population controls used in the household survey.





  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                              HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                            Number of                                                       
                                                        unemployed persons                Unemployment rates(1)             
                                                          (in thousands)                                                    
                     Age and sex                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                       Oct.    Sept.   Oct.    Oct.    June    July    Aug.    Sept.   Oct. 
                                                       1998    1999    1999    1998    1999    1999    1999    1999    1999 
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
  Total, 16 years and over..........................   6,258   5,836   5,766    4.5     4.3     4.3     4.2     4.2     4.1 
    16 to 24 years..................................   2,320   2,245   2,269   10.5     9.9     9.6     9.6    10.1    10.1 
      16 to 19 years................................   1,318   1,238   1,176   15.7    13.5    12.7    13.5    15.0    13.9 
        16 to 17 years..............................     607     532     541   18.2    16.1    14.6    15.8    16.3    15.9 
        18 to 19 years..............................     704     706     630   14.0    11.8    11.4    12.1    14.1    12.5 
      20 to 24 years................................   1,002   1,007   1,093    7.3     7.7     7.7     7.3     7.2     7.8 
    25 years and over...............................   3,931   3,630   3,496    3.4     3.2     3.2     3.2     3.1     3.0 
      25 to 54 years................................   3,475   3,168   3,056    3.5     3.3     3.3     3.3     3.2     3.1 
      55 years and over.............................     466     458     470    2.7     3.0     3.0     2.6     2.6     2.7 
                                                                                                                            
    Men, 16 years and over..........................   3,264   3,019   3,087    4.4     4.2     4.1     4.1     4.0     4.1 
      16 to 24 years................................   1,255   1,162   1,224   10.9    10.7    10.2     9.8     9.9    10.4 
        16 to 19 years..............................     713     642     610   16.7    14.1    13.4    13.5    14.9    14.0 
          16 to 17 years............................     357     281     261   20.9    16.5    15.4    15.8    16.6    14.9 
          18 to 19 years............................     351     345     346   13.7    12.8    11.8    12.3    13.4    13.2 
        20 to 24 years..............................     542     519     613    7.5     8.7     8.3     7.6     7.0     8.3 
      25 years and over.............................   2,006   1,873   1,863    3.2     3.0     3.0     3.1     3.0     3.0 
        25 to 54 years..............................   1,739   1,581   1,601    3.3     3.0     2.9     3.2     3.0     3.0 
        55 years and over...........................     276     296     284    2.9     2.6     3.2     2.9     3.0     2.9 
                                                                                                                            
    Women, 16 years and over........................   2,994   2,817   2,679    4.7     4.4     4.5     4.3     4.4     4.1 
      16 to 24 years................................   1,065   1,083   1,046   10.1     9.0     8.9     9.4    10.2     9.7 
        16 to 19 years..............................     605     596     566   14.8    12.9    11.9    13.4    15.0    13.8 
          16 to 17 years............................     250     250     280   15.4    15.7    13.8    15.8    15.9    16.8 
          18 to 19 years............................     353     360     284   14.3    10.7    11.0    11.9    15.0    11.7 
        20 to 24 years..............................     460     487     480    7.1     6.7     7.1     7.0     7.3     7.2 
      25 years and over.............................   1,925   1,758   1,633    3.6     3.5     3.6     3.3     3.2     3.0 
        25 to 54 years..............................   1,736   1,587   1,455    3.8     3.5     3.7     3.4     3.4     3.1 
        55 years and over...........................     190     161     187    2.5     3.5     2.9     2.3     2.0     2.4 

    1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
     NOTE:  Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.





  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                  HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
                                                                            Total                Men                Women       
                                                                                                                                
                               Category                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
                                                                        Oct.      Oct.      Oct.      Oct.      Oct.      Oct.  
                                                                        1998      1999      1998      1999      1998      1999  
                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
                        NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
  Total not in the labor force......................................   67,664    68,722    24,955    25,465    42,708    43,257 
    Persons who currently want a job................................    4,550     4,020     1,861     1,657     2,689     2,363 
       Searched for work and available to work now(1)...............    1,242     1,184       592       588       650       596 
          Reason not currently looking:                                                                                         
            Discouragement over job prospects(2)....................      333       271       197       160       135       111 
            Reasons other than discouragement(3)....................      910       913       395       428       515       485 
                                                                                                                                
                         MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
  Total multiple jobholders(4)......................................    8,234     8,014     4,270     4,245     3,964     3,769 
      Percent of total employed.....................................      6.2       6.0       6.0       5.9       6.5       6.0 
                                                                                                                                
      Primary job full time, secondary job part time................    4,755     4,462     2,739     2,630     2,016     1,832 
      Primary and secondary jobs both part time.....................    1,675     1,672       483       504     1,192     1,168 
      Primary and secondary jobs both full time.....................      278       308       208       204        70       104 
      Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................    1,487     1,511       817       868       670       643 

    1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
  reference week.
    2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
  other types of discrimination.
    3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
  problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
    4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
     NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                                    ESTABLISHMENT DATA


Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry

(In thousands)
                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                        
                                             Not seasonally adjusted                   Seasonally adjusted              
                                                                                                                        
                Industry                                                                                                
                                           Oct.    Aug.   Sept.   Oct.     Oct.    June    July    Aug.   Sept.   Oct. 
                                           1998    1999   1999p   1999p    1998    1999    1999    1999   1999p   1999p 
                                                                                                                        
          Total......................... 127,523 128,753 129,442 130,196 126,567 128,443 128,816 128,945 128,986 129,296
                                                                                                                        
       Total private.................... 107,311 109,751 109,427 109,636 106,654 108,338 108,663 108,735 108,779 109,036
                                                                                                                        
Goods-producing.........................  25,617  25,628  25,539  25,495  25,306  25,180  25,247  25,148  25,163  25,180
                                                                                                                        
  Mining................................     584     534     534     534     578     526     528     524     525     529
    Metal mining........................    50.0    47.8    48.1    48.0      50      48      48      47      48      48
    Coal mining.........................    89.5    83.5    82.4    81.8      90      84      85      83      82      82
    Oil and gas extraction..............   332.6   289.7   290.8   292.4     329     285     285     285     286     290
    Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels..   112.2   113.3   112.8   112.1     109     109     110     109     109     109
                                                                                                                        
  Construction..........................   6,295   6,620   6,555   6,554   6,042   6,258   6,270   6,246   6,274   6,302
    General building contractors........ 1,422.5 1,496.6 1,473.4 1,472.6   1,389   1,430   1,432   1,426   1,437   1,439
    Heavy construction, except building.   923.0   931.9   934.1   929.2     843     857     857     852     852     856
    Special trade contractors........... 3,949.6 4,191.7 4,147.7 4,151.7   3,810   3,971   3,981   3,968   3,985   4,007
                                                                                                                        
  Manufacturing.........................  18,738  18,474  18,450  18,407  18,686  18,396  18,449  18,378  18,364  18,349
      Production workers................  12,901  12,687  12,696  12,669  12,849  12,623  12,691  12,622  12,617  12,610
                                                                                                                        
   Durable goods........................  11,141  10,987  10,980  10,970  11,128  10,960  11,015  10,975  10,963  10,954
      Production workers................   7,618   7,504   7,515   7,511   7,605   7,487   7,549   7,513   7,503   7,497
    Lumber and wood products............   824.8   839.3   835.4   834.5     817     824     826     826     827     829
    Furniture and fixtures..............   532.7   542.5   541.8   544.6     532     538     546     543     543     545
    Stone, clay, and glass products.....   573.0   579.4   577.7   575.6     566     568     571     568     569     567
    Primary metal industries............   705.6   686.7   685.7   685.8     705     687     692     688     685     686
      Blast furnaces and basic steel                                                                                    
         products.......................   228.2   222.3   221.1   221.3   (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)  
    Fabricated metal products........... 1,499.4 1,482.0 1,487.1 1,490.6   1,498   1,485   1,493   1,484   1,485   1,487
    Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,179.6 2,114.4 2,114.7 2,106.7   2,188   2,128   2,131   2,122   2,120   2,114
      Computer and office equipment.....   375.3   360.3   358.3   354.7     374     364     360     359     359     355
    Electronic and other electrical                                                                                     
       equipment........................ 1,682.5 1,659.8 1,664.4 1,664.3   1,683   1,657   1,667   1,662   1,664   1,665
      Electronic components and                                                                                         
         accessories....................   645.7   641.5   640.1   640.6     647     637     639     641     641     642
    Transportation equipment............ 1,892.3 1,857.4 1,849.2 1,842.5   1,892   1,849   1,863   1,859   1,848   1,841
      Motor vehicles and equipment......   998.8 1,010.7 1,008.6 1,005.3     998     998   1,014   1,012   1,008   1,004
      Aircraft and parts................   523.4   481.0   476.9   471.8     523     491     488     483     477     471
    Instruments and related products....   858.1   837.6   833.1   830.1     859     837     840     836     834     830
    Miscellaneous manufacturing.........   392.8   388.2   391.0   395.0     388     387     386     387     388     390
                                                                                                                        
   Nondurable goods.....................   7,597   7,487   7,470   7,437   7,558   7,436   7,434   7,403   7,401   7,395
      Production workers................   5,283   5,183   5,181   5,158   5,244   5,136   5,142   5,109   5,114   5,113
    Food and kindred products........... 1,712.6 1,735.0 1,733.7 1,706.0   1,685   1,680   1,681   1,666   1,675   1,676
    Tobacco products....................    42.4    36.2    39.0    39.7      40      39      39      36      38      38
    Textile mill products...............   589.8   557.0   555.7   552.9     590     560     559     557     554     551
    Apparel and other textile products..   744.4   676.3   675.6   669.9     738     686     679     672     669     663
    Paper and allied products...........   668.7   660.2   657.2   655.7     669     659     659     658     657     656
    Printing and publishing............. 1,564.6 1,552.3 1,547.9 1,549.2   1,565   1,552   1,554   1,553   1,552   1,550
    Chemicals and allied products....... 1,042.0 1,035.2 1,031.7 1,031.8   1,042   1,033   1,032   1,030   1,031   1,033
    Petroleum and coal products.........   141.7   139.4   138.3   138.0     140     137     138     136     136     136
    Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 1,009.7 1,022.7 1,018.1 1,020.5   1,009   1,016   1,021   1,022   1,016   1,019
    Leather and leather products........    80.9    72.7    73.0    73.1      80      74      72      73      73      73
                                                                                                                        
Service-producing....................... 101,906 103,125 103,903 104,701 101,261 103,263 103,569 103,797 103,823 104,116
                                                                                                                        
  Transportation and public utilities...   6,705   6,797   6,876   6,902   6,657   6,781   6,799   6,813   6,837   6,854
    Transportation......................   4,377   4,418   4,500   4,524   4,327   4,423   4,438   4,445   4,459   4,473
      Railroad transportation...........   234.2   227.5   228.8   229.0     232     233     230     226     226     227
      Local and interurban passenger                                                                                    
         transit........................   490.4   421.4   498.3   504.5     473     483     483     488     486     486
      Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,792.3 1,850.1 1,854.5 1,864.0   1,766   1,810   1,817   1,817   1,825   1,832
      Water transportation..............   185.7   190.2   186.6   184.2     183     181     182     182     183     184
      Transportation by air............. 1,198.4 1,241.7 1,246.3 1,256.4   1,199   1,234   1,240   1,246   1,254   1,260
      Pipelines, except natural gas.....    13.9    13.2    12.9    12.9      14      13      13      13      13      13
      Transportation services...........   462.0   474.1   472.3   472.8     460     469     473     473     472     471
    Communications and public utilities.   2,328   2,379   2,376   2,378   2,330   2,358   2,361   2,368   2,378   2,381
      Communications.................... 1,479.5 1,530.3 1,532.7 1,539.6   1,480   1,513   1,519   1,525   1,533   1,541
      Electric, gas, and sanitary                                                                                       
         services.......................   848.3   848.9   843.6   838.3     850     845     842     843     845     840
                                                                                                                        
  Wholesale trade.......................   6,899   7,062   7,046   7,072   6,876   6,993   7,012   7,031   7,036   7,056
    Durable goods.......................   4,068   4,184   4,162   4,179   4,068   4,139   4,154   4,169   4,167   4,185
    Nondurable goods....................   2,831   2,878   2,884   2,893   2,808   2,854   2,858   2,862   2,869   2,871
  Retail trade..........................  22,436  23,041  22,912  22,843  22,392  22,796  22,903  22,888  22,855  22,825
    Building materials and garden                                                                                       
       supplies.........................   955.8 1,008.7   989.6   992.0     957     982     986     988     987     998
    General merchandise stores.......... 2,792.0 2,720.4 2,719.5 2,795.1   2,744   2,782   2,778   2,774   2,756   2,748
      Department stores................. 2,486.7 2,423.2 2,422.6 2,490.1   2,441   2,482   2,476   2,468   2,453   2,447
    Food stores......................... 3,490.0 3,499.4 3,465.7 3,469.0   3,485   3,479   3,478   3,484   3,474   3,461
    Automotive dealers and service                                                                                      
       stations......................... 2,366.0 2,437.6 2,427.7 2,426.4   2,356   2,403   2,407   2,409   2,413   2,419
      New and used car dealers.......... 1,055.0 1,092.7 1,094.1 1,096.4   1,052   1,080   1,085   1,089   1,092   1,094
    Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,137.3 1,193.6 1,176.0 1,188.8   1,144   1,178   1,192   1,191   1,189   1,193
    Furniture and home furnishings                                                                                      
       stores........................... 1,039.4 1,083.6 1,085.2 1,097.0   1,038   1,091   1,090   1,094   1,097   1,098
    Eating and drinking places.......... 7,755.7 8,154.7 8,078.8 7,867.7   7,787   7,911   7,989   7,960   7,944   7,916
    Miscellaneous retail establishments. 2,899.7 2,943.2 2,969.6 3,006.9   2,881   2,970   2,983   2,988   2,995   2,992
                                                                                                                        
  Finance, insurance, and real estate...   7,486   7,732   7,651   7,641   7,494   7,636   7,647   7,650   7,643   7,661
    Finance.............................   3,634   3,736   3,704   3,704   3,642   3,709   3,715   3,716   3,712   3,717
      Depository institutions........... 2,036.6 2,058.0 2,039.8 2,037.9   2,044   2,045   2,044   2,046   2,046   2,046
        Commercial banks................ 1,460.8 1,473.2 1,459.2 1,457.2   1,466   1,463   1,462   1,464   1,464   1,464
        Savings institutions............   256.6   256.3   253.9   252.9     258     256     256     255     255     254
      Nondepository institutions........   682.3   720.9   712.1   704.1     684     721     721     719     713     706
        Mortgage bankers and brokers....   349.4   368.2   360.6   353.9     350     372     369     366     360     355
      Security and commodity brokers....   660.6   690.9   685.9   690.0     660     676     682     685     685     692
      Holding and other investment                                                                                      
         offices........................   254.3   266.1   266.3   272.1     254     267     268     266     268     273
    Insurance...........................   2,367   2,415   2,405   2,407   2,367   2,402   2,404   2,407   2,408   2,411
      Insurance carriers................ 1,614.6 1,643.0 1,633.9 1,635.0   1,614   1,638   1,635   1,636   1,635   1,638
      Insurance agents, brokers, and                                                                                    
         service........................   752.4   772.2   770.7   771.7     753     764     769     771     773     773
    Real estate.........................   1,485   1,581   1,542   1,530   1,485   1,525   1,528   1,527   1,523   1,533
                                                                                                                        
  Services2.............................  38,168  39,491  39,403  39,683  37,929  38,952  39,055  39,205  39,245  39,460
    Agricultural services...............   745.8   827.2   804.7   794.1     716     757     760     757     763     766
    Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,783.0 1,951.8 1,858.8 1,815.6   1,784   1,797   1,807   1,813   1,812   1,812
    Personal services................... 1,163.3 1,164.9 1,176.2 1,184.9   1,194   1,200   1,207   1,207   1,214   1,215
    Business services................... 8,900.7 9,294.6 9,313.0 9,444.0   8,729   9,088   9,148   9,186   9,204   9,279
      Services to buildings.............   961.2 1,006.1 1,005.4 1,004.9     959     984     992     998   1,001   1,005
      Personnel supply services......... 3,400.4 3,506.3 3,516.2 3,613.7   3,254   3,387   3,422   3,418   3,435   3,474
        Help supply services............ 3,033.4 3,112.1 3,118.4 3,205.5   2,891   3,000   3,025   3,024   3,034   3,079
      Computer and data processing                                                                                      
         services....................... 1,656.0 1,806.4 1,804.7 1,809.8   1,658   1,781   1,794   1,806   1,812   1,817
    Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,155.9 1,192.6 1,191.4 1,197.3   1,155   1,184   1,185   1,185   1,189   1,198
    Miscellaneous repair services.......   387.8   400.3   397.6   401.2     386     395     395     396     396     400
    Motion pictures.....................   566.6   620.7   607.5   609.9     577     611     609     608     614     622
    Amusement and recreation services... 1,569.3 1,982.4 1,809.2 1,669.2   1,626   1,695   1,694   1,712   1,712   1,735
    Health services..................... 9,886.3 10008.9 9,989.1 10015.7   9,883   9,964   9,975   9,993   9,996  10,015
      Offices and clinics of medical                                                                                    
         doctors........................ 1,826.1 1,880.7 1,871.9 1,876.9   1,825   1,864   1,868   1,874   1,873   1,877
      Nursing and personal care                                                                                         
         facilities..................... 1,759.8 1,760.3 1,756.0 1,757.9   1,759   1,755   1,754   1,755   1,754   1,757
      Hospitals......................... 3,947.8 3,980.3 3,971.3 3,982.7   3,948   3,969   3,968   3,973   3,974   3,982
      Home health care services.........   657.7   654.9   655.9   660.0     654     653     655     658     656     658
    Legal services......................   980.8 1,010.9 1,001.3 1,005.7     985   1,002   1,000   1,004   1,006   1,009
    Educational services................ 2,353.6 1,963.7 2,234.5 2,465.1   2,206   2,272   2,278   2,288   2,287   2,310
    Social services..................... 2,689.9 2,757.7 2,794.7 2,819.1   2,682   2,778   2,763   2,799   2,795   2,810
      Child day care services...........   626.5   579.8   633.2   642.7     612     633     632     631     624     625
      Residential care..................   754.4   789.0   784.8   789.7     757     777     781     785     787     793
    Museums and botanical and zoological                                                                                
      gardens...........................    93.7   101.4    94.1    95.3      93      94      94      95      93      94
    Membership organizations............ 2,360.8 2,449.7 2,388.2 2,400.1   2,374   2,409   2,403   2,409   2,410   2,414
    Engineering and management services. 3,239.2 3,469.5 3,447.4 3,469.9   3,248   3,411   3,441   3,458   3,458   3,485
      Engineering and architectural                                                                                     
         services.......................   916.2   962.5   949.6   956.4     915     942     948     948     946     955
      Management and public relations... 1,069.5 1,183.7 1,180.9 1,189.5   1,068   1,153   1,165   1,178   1,174   1,190
    Services, nec.......................    53.4    57.6    57.5    58.3   (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)  
                                                                                                                        
  Government............................  20,212  19,002  20,015  20,560  19,913  20,105  20,153  20,210  20,207  20,260
    Federal.............................   2,694   2,657   2,647   2,642   2,711   2,664   2,656   2,651   2,655   2,655
      Federal, except Postal Service.... 1,822.8 1,794.7 1,785.1 1,775.4   1,833   1,789   1,779   1,779   1,784   1,787
    State...............................   4,749   4,449   4,686   4,845   4,633   4,675   4,682   4,706   4,718   4,725
      Education......................... 2,051.2 1,671.6 1,924.0 2,098.0   1,923   1,934   1,947   1,965   1,965   1,968
      Other State government............ 2,697.5 2,777.1 2,761.6 2,746.7   2,710   2,741   2,735   2,741   2,753   2,757
    Local...............................  12,769  11,896  12,682  13,073  12,569  12,766  12,815  12,853  12,834  12,880
      Education......................... 7,374.3 6,123.7 7,147.4 7,575.3   7,108   7,239   7,268   7,308   7,296   7,317
      Other local government............ 5,394.3 5,772.1 5,534.9 5,497.8   5,461   5,527   5,547   5,545   5,538   5,563

  1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
  2 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
  p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                                    ESTABLISHMENT DATA


Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                        
                                             Not seasonally adjusted                   Seasonally adjusted              
                                                                                                                        
                Industry                                                                                                
                                           Oct.    Aug.   Sept.   Oct.     Oct.    June    July    Aug.   Sept.   Oct. 
                                           1998    1999   1999p   1999p    1998    1999    1999    1999   1999p   1999p 
                                                                                                                        
       Total private....................   34.6    35.1    34.3    34.6    34.6    34.5    34.5    34.5    34.4    34.6 
                                                                                                                        
Goods-producing.........................   41.4    41.3    40.9    41.4    41.1    41.2    41.2    41.1    41.2    41.0 
                                                                                                                        
  Mining................................   44.0    44.5    44.4    44.4    43.7    44.0    45.1    44.2    44.4    43.7 
                                                                                                                        
  Construction..........................   40.0    40.0    38.6    39.9    39.2    39.4    38.9    39.0    39.4    38.9 
                                                                                                                        
  Manufacturing.........................   41.9    41.8    41.7    41.9    41.7    41.7    41.9    41.8    41.8    41.7 
      Overtime hours....................    4.7     4.8     4.9     4.8     4.5     4.7     4.7     4.7     4.7     4.6 
                                                                                                                        
   Durable goods........................   42.5    42.3    42.1    42.3    42.3    42.3    42.5    42.4    42.5    42.2 
      Overtime hours....................    4.8     4.9     4.9     4.9     4.7     4.8     4.9     4.9     5.0     4.8 
                                                                                                                        
    Lumber and wood products............   41.5    41.7    40.8    41.3    41.1    41.1    41.1    41.3    40.9    41.0 
    Furniture and fixtures..............   40.9    40.7    40.5    40.3    40.5    40.4    40.6    40.3    40.9    39.9 
    Stone, clay, and glass products.....   44.1    44.1    43.9    43.9    43.6    43.4    43.6    43.6    43.5    43.2 
    Primary metal industries............   43.6    44.1    44.3    44.4    43.7    44.3    44.5    44.4    44.6    44.4 
      Blast furnaces and basic steel                                                                                    
         products.......................   43.2    44.9    44.7    45.1    43.7    45.2    45.2    45.1    44.7    45.3 
    Fabricated metal products...........   42.6    42.3    41.9    42.4    42.3    42.1    42.3    42.4    42.6    42.1 
    Industrial machinery and equipment..   42.4    42.0    41.7    42.0    42.6    42.0    42.4    42.4    42.6    42.2 
    Electronic and other electrical                                                                                     
       equipment........................   41.5    41.6    41.2    41.6    41.5    41.5    41.7    41.7    41.6    41.4 
    Transportation equipment............   44.2    43.7    44.0    43.7    43.9    44.2    44.4    44.0    44.2    43.5 
      Motor vehicles and equipment......   44.5    44.7    45.6    44.7    44.1    45.4    46.0    45.2    45.9    44.5 
    Instruments and related products....   41.1    41.4    41.2    41.6    41.2    41.5    41.7    41.6    41.8    41.7 
    Miscellaneous manufacturing.........   40.2    40.0    39.7    40.3    39.7    40.0    40.1    40.1    40.0    39.9 
                                                                                                                        
   Nondurable goods.....................   41.1    41.0    41.0    41.2    40.9    41.0    41.1    40.9    40.8    40.9 
      Overtime hours....................    4.5     4.6     4.8     4.7     4.3     4.5     4.5     4.4     4.4     4.5 
                                                                                                                        
    Food and kindred products...........   42.0    41.9    42.1    42.1    41.6    41.8    42.0    41.6    41.5    41.7 
    Tobacco products....................   39.1    40.1    39.2    40.9    38.5    39.1    41.1    40.0    39.3    39.4 
    Textile mill products...............   41.1    41.1    40.7    41.1    41.1    40.6    41.3    40.9    40.6    41.0 
    Apparel and other textile products..   37.6    37.5    36.7    37.8    37.3    37.7    37.5    37.3    37.2    37.6 
    Paper and allied products...........   43.6    43.4    43.8    44.0    43.5    43.5    43.5    43.7    43.4    43.8 
    Printing and publishing.............   38.4    38.4    38.6    38.5    38.2    38.3    38.4    38.3    38.2    38.3 
    Chemicals and allied products.......   43.2    43.1    43.2    43.0    43.2    43.0    43.1    43.3    43.2    42.9 
    Petroleum and coal products.........   44.0    42.6    42.9    43.5    (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)  
    Rubber and misc. plastics products..   41.8    41.4    41.5    41.6    41.8    41.8    41.7    41.6    41.8    41.5 
    Leather and leather products........   37.6    38.6    37.7    37.5    37.4    37.9    37.9    38.2    37.6    37.1 
                                                                                                                        
Service-producing.......................   32.8    33.5    32.6    32.8    32.9    32.8    32.9    32.9    32.7    33.0 
                                                                                                                        
  Transportation and public utilities...   39.3    39.4    38.5    38.5    39.3    38.9    38.7    38.9    38.5    38.5 
                                                                                                                        
  Wholesale trade.......................   38.3    38.7    38.3    38.6    38.3    38.4    38.4    38.4    38.4    38.6 
                                                                                                                        
  Retail trade..........................   28.9    29.9    28.8    28.9    29.1    29.1    29.1    29.0    28.7    29.1 
                                                                                                                        
  Finance, insurance, and real estate...   36.1    36.9    36.1    36.2    (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)  
                                                                                                                        
  Services..............................   32.6    33.2    32.3    32.7    32.7    32.6    32.6    32.7    32.6    32.8 

  1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
  2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
  p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                                    ESTABLISHMENT DATA


Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                        
                                                 Average hourly earnings                 Average weekly earnings        
                                                                                                                        
                Industry                                                                                                
                                            Oct.      Aug.     Sept.     Oct.       Oct.      Aug.     Sept.     Oct.  
                                            1998      1999     1999p     1999p      1998      1999     1999p     1999p  
                                                                                                                        
       Total private....................  $12.93    $13.20    $13.38    $13.40    $447.38   $463.32   $458.93   $463.64 
        Seasonally adjusted.............   12.91     13.29     13.36     13.37     446.69    458.51    459.58    462.60 
                                                                                                                        
Goods-producing.........................   14.51     14.93     15.07     15.05     600.71    616.61    616.36    623.07 
                                                                                                                        
  Mining................................   17.07     17.01     17.11     16.88     751.08    756.95    759.68    749.47 
                                                                                                                        
  Construction..........................   16.89     17.26     17.42     17.51     675.60    690.40    672.41    698.65 
                                                                                                                        
  Manufacturing.........................   13.55     13.95     14.13     14.04     567.75    583.11    589.22    588.28 
                                                                                                                        
   Durable goods........................   14.02     14.47     14.64     14.55     595.85    612.08    616.34    615.47 
    Lumber and wood products............   11.22     11.53     11.56     11.59     465.63    480.80    471.65    478.67 
    Furniture and fixtures..............   10.99     11.28     11.36     11.37     449.49    459.10    460.08    458.21 
    Stone, clay, and glass products.....   13.68     13.97     14.15     14.04     603.29    616.08    621.19    616.36 
    Primary metal industries............   15.32     15.99     16.22     16.04     667.95    705.16    718.55    712.18 
      Blast furnaces and basic steel                                                                                    
         products.......................   18.22     18.99     19.07     18.88     787.10    852.65    852.43    851.49 
    Fabricated metal products...........   13.17     13.50     13.62     13.53     561.04    571.05    570.68    573.67 
    Industrial machinery and equipment..   14.57     15.13     15.25     15.23     617.77    635.46    635.93    639.66 
    Electronic and other electrical                                                                                     
       equipment........................   13.13     13.51     13.65     13.60     544.90    562.02    562.38    565.76 
    Transportation equipment............   17.46     18.23     18.57     18.36     771.73    796.65    817.08    802.33 
      Motor vehicles and equipment......   17.63     18.61     19.05     18.74     784.54    831.87    868.68    837.68 
    Instruments and related products....   13.86     14.28     14.34     14.41     569.65    591.19    590.81    599.46 
    Miscellaneous manufacturing.........   11.02     11.34     11.46     11.47     443.00    453.60    454.96    462.24 
                                                                                                                        
   Nondurable goods.....................   12.84     13.18     13.36     13.28     527.72    540.38    547.76    547.14 
    Food and kindred products...........   11.82     12.08     12.20     12.11     496.44    506.15    513.62    509.83 
    Tobacco products....................   16.95     20.99     19.16     18.84     662.75    841.70    751.07    770.56 
    Textile mill products...............   10.45     10.72     10.78     10.74     429.50    440.59    438.75    441.41 
    Apparel and other textile products..    8.65      8.88      9.01      9.00     325.24    333.00    330.67    340.20 
    Paper and allied products...........   15.60     15.98     16.28     16.09     680.16    693.53    713.06    707.96 
    Printing and publishing.............   13.61     13.82     13.97     13.99     522.62    530.69    539.24    538.62 
    Chemicals and allied products.......   17.21     17.51     17.84     17.74     743.47    754.68    770.69    762.82 
    Petroleum and coal products.........   21.06     21.29     21.77     21.61     926.64    906.95    933.93    940.04 
    Rubber and misc. plastics products..   11.88     12.32     12.47     12.38     496.58    510.05    517.51    515.01 
    Leather and leather products........    9.45      9.77      9.87      9.87     355.32    377.12    372.10    370.13 
                                                                                                                        
Service-producing.......................   12.41     12.65     12.83     12.87     407.05    423.78    418.26    422.14 
                                                                                                                        
  Transportation and public utilities...   15.39     15.67     15.77     15.73     604.83    617.40    607.15    605.61 
                                                                                                                        
  Wholesale trade.......................   14.19     14.65     14.72     14.77     543.48    566.96    563.78    570.12 
                                                                                                                        
  Retail trade..........................    8.84      9.04      9.18      9.19     255.48    270.30    264.38    265.59 
                                                                                                                        
  Finance, insurance, and real estate...   14.20     14.61     14.62     14.69     512.62    539.11    527.78    531.78 
                                                                                                                        
  Services..............................   13.01     13.25     13.48     13.52     424.13    439.90    435.40    442.10 

  1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
  p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                              ESTABLISHMENT DATA


Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted
                                                                                                  
                                                                                                  
                                                                                         Percent  
                                    Oct.     June     July     Aug.    Sept.    Oct.      change  
            Industry                1998     1999     1999     1999    1999p    1999p     from:   
                                                                                        Sept. 1999-
                                                                                         Oct. 1999 
                                                                                                  
Total private:                                                                                    
   Current dollars..............   $12.91   $13.24   $13.28   $13.29   $13.36   $13.37      0.1   
   Constant (1982) dollars2.....     7.80     7.89     7.88     7.87     7.86     N.A.     (3)    
                                                                                                  
  Goods-producing...............    14.44    14.85    14.90    14.90    14.97    14.98       .1   
    Mining......................    17.15    16.96    17.23    17.12    17.16    16.98     -1.0   
    Construction................    16.72    17.16    17.18    17.15    17.21    17.31       .6   
    Manufacturing...............    13.57    13.95    14.02    14.03    14.09    14.08      -.1   
      Excluding overtime4.......    12.87    13.20    13.26    13.28    13.31    13.35       .3   
                                                                                                  
  Service-producing.............    12.41    12.73    12.77    12.79    12.85    12.87       .2   
    Transportation and public                                                                     
       utilities................    15.38    15.65    15.70    15.70    15.77    15.72      -.3   
    Wholesale trade.............    14.23    14.56    14.61    14.63    14.74    14.81       .5   
    Retail trade................     8.83     9.06     9.10     9.13     9.16     9.16       .0   
    Finance, insurance, and real                                                                  
       estate...................    14.23    14.62    14.68    14.63    14.68    14.72       .3   
    Services....................    13.02    13.38    13.42    13.44    13.49    13.53       .3   

  1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
  2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series.
  3 Change was -.1 percent from August 1999 to September 1999, the latest month available.
  4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
  N.A. = not available.
  p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                                    ESTABLISHMENT DATA


Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry

(1982=100)
                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                        
                                             Not seasonally adjusted                   Seasonally adjusted              
                                                                                                                        
                Industry                                                                                                
                                          Oct.   Aug.    Sept.    Oct.    Oct.    June    July   Aug.    Sept.    Oct.  
                                          1998   1999    1999p    1999p   1998    1999    1999   1999    1999p    1999p 
                                                                                                                        
       Total private....................  147.0  152.3   148.2    149.9   146.0  147.8   148.3   148.4   148.0    149.0 
                                                                                                                        
Goods-producing.........................  118.1  117.8   116.1    117.3   115.2  114.6   115.1   114.3   114.8    114.1 
                                                                                                                        
  Mining................................   55.7   51.3    51.4     51.4    54.6   49.7    50.9    49.8    50.5     50.0 
                                                                                                                        
  Construction..........................  179.1  187.6   179.1    185.1   166.4  172.8   170.7   170.3   172.8    171.3 
                                                                                                                        
  Manufacturing.........................  109.0  106.9   106.6    107.0   108.1  106.3   107.3   106.4   106.5    105.9 
                                                                                                                        
   Durable goods........................  112.9  110.9   110.4    110.9   112.3  110.4   111.9   111.2   111.3    110.2 
    Lumber and wood products............  148.6  152.0   148.1    149.4   145.6  146.9   147.3   147.6   146.6    147.0 
    Furniture and fixtures..............  136.2  138.2   137.2    137.2   134.6  136.2   138.8   137.5   138.9    136.1 
    Stone, clay, and glass products.....  119.9  120.8   120.2    119.5   116.5  116.8   118.1   116.8   117.0    115.2 
    Primary metal industries............   91.3   89.6    89.8     90.2    91.4   89.8    91.1    90.4    90.3     90.2 
      Blast furnaces and basic steel                                                                                    
         products.......................   68.2   69.6    68.9     69.9    69.0   69.4    69.8    70.0    69.0     70.3 
    Fabricated metal products...........  119.4  116.8   116.2    118.1   118.4  116.6   118.2   117.4   118.0    116.8 
    Industrial machinery and equipment..  107.6  102.6   102.1    102.7   108.6  104.0   105.3   104.4   104.6    103.6 
    Electronic and other electrical                                                                                     
       equipment........................  108.2  106.4   106.0    106.9   108.1  105.9   108.0   107.2   107.1    106.4 
    Transportation equipment............  128.4  124.8   125.4    123.7   127.8  125.0   127.1   126.6   126.1    123.5 
      Motor vehicles and equipment......  163.3  166.5   169.9    165.5   161.8  165.9   172.1   169.9   171.7    165.0 
    Instruments and related products....   75.4   75.0    74.7     75.5    75.7   75.2    76.0    75.4    76.0     75.8 
    Miscellaneous manufacturing.........  103.4  101.2   101.7    104.8   100.5  100.9   101.1   101.1   101.6    101.8 
                                                                                                                        
   Nondurable goods.....................  103.7  101.5   101.5    101.5   102.4  100.5   100.9    99.9    99.8    100.0 
    Food and kindred products...........  121.1  123.3   123.7    121.4   117.4  117.9   119.1   116.2   116.9    117.5 
    Tobacco products....................   65.1   50.7    54.3     59.5    59.1   56.2    59.0    49.5    50.6     52.7 
    Textile mill products...............   85.1   80.5    79.5     80.1    85.2   79.8    81.3    80.0    79.3     79.4 
    Apparel and other textile products..   65.9   59.1    57.8     59.0    64.7   60.4    59.3    58.6    57.9     58.0 
    Paper and allied products...........  108.2  105.7   106.3    106.8   108.0  106.0   106.0   105.9   105.4    106.1 
    Printing and publishing.............  124.8  122.4   122.5    122.8   124.3  122.3   122.4   122.1   121.5    122.1 
    Chemicals and allied products.......  103.3  102.2   102.8    102.8   103.3  101.9   102.1   102.3   102.9    102.4 
    Petroleum and coal products.........   79.1   74.9    75.2     75.4    76.3   72.9    74.4    72.5    73.6     73.3 
    Rubber and misc. plastics products..  148.4  148.6   148.8    150.1   148.1  148.6   149.6   149.4   149.4    149.2 
    Leather and leather products........   34.9   32.2    31.4     31.1    34.5   32.0    30.9    31.7    31.2     30.8 
                                                                                                                        
Service-producing.......................  160.0  167.8   162.7    164.5   159.8  162.7   163.2   163.7   163.0    164.6 
                                                                                                                        
  Transportation and public utilities...  134.1  135.3   134.0    134.3   132.9  133.7   133.2   134.1   133.2    133.3 
                                                                                                                        
  Wholesale trade.......................  130.1  134.5   132.4    133.6   129.3  132.0   132.3   132.5   132.5    133.3 
                                                                                                                        
  Retail trade..........................  140.0  149.2   142.8    143.3   140.8  143.6   144.4   143.8   141.9    143.9 
                                                                                                                        
  Finance, insurance, and real estate...  136.8  144.7   139.1    139.1   138.1  139.4   141.2   140.7   140.4    141.0 
                                                                                                                        
  Services..............................  197.4  207.0   201.1    204.9   196.6  200.7   201.1   202.4   202.3    204.7 

  1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
  p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                                   ESTABLISHMENT DATA


Table B-6.  Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted

(Percent)
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
       Time span          Jan.    Feb.    Mar.    Apr.    May     June    July    Aug.   Sept.    Oct.    Nov.    Dec. 
                                                                                                                       
                        
                                                   Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1
                        
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
Over 1-month span:                                                                                                     
     1995..............   63.8    58.0    54.6    56.5    47.5    54.8    55.6    59.1    57.9    56.9    55.2    57.7 
     1996..............   49.6    64.9    59.4    55.1    61.9    60.8    57.0    62.5    57.3    63.5    59.7    61.2 
     1997..............   56.2    61.0    61.9    62.8    58.8    56.3    60.7    61.0    59.4    65.4    63.6    62.1 
     1998..............   63.8    57.9    58.8    60.5    55.9    57.9    58.0    55.8    54.6    52.9    59.1    58.6 
     1999..............   54.4    58.3    52.1    58.8    51.5    57.0    57.6    50.0   p52.4   p56.2                 
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
Over 3-month span:                                                                                                     
     1995..............   63.8    62.9    58.0    53.5    53.9    52.7    59.3    61.0    59.4    58.6    57.3    55.3 
     1996..............   62.6    62.5    63.3    63.1    63.1    64.3    64.3    62.2    64.6    64.2    66.2    63.2 
     1997..............   63.8    63.6    67.7    67.3    62.6    61.7    61.4    66.2    67.3    69.9    70.8    71.2 
     1998..............   66.7    66.2    64.5    63.9    61.4    58.7    60.0    58.4    57.6    57.6    59.0    60.4 
     1999..............   60.7    55.9    59.6    54.6    56.3    56.2    56.2   p56.0   p55.2                         
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
Over 6-month span:                                                                                                     
     1995..............   66.7    59.7    58.6    56.5    59.0    60.0    57.7    61.0    60.5    59.3    61.7    63.2 
     1996..............   62.6    65.2    64.5    65.2    64.7    64.6    67.0    65.4    65.9    66.7    66.9    66.7 
     1997..............   67.4    68.3    65.6    67.0    65.6    64.9    66.3    68.4    69.7    71.3    71.3    71.9 
     1998..............   70.6    66.9    65.9    62.4    62.6    61.1    58.0    59.8    60.0    60.8    60.8    58.0 
     1999..............   61.1    58.8    57.3    59.0    55.2   p54.8   p55.8                                         
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
Over 12-month span:                                                                                                    
     1995..............   63.6    62.4    62.6    63.3    61.7    61.9    58.7    62.2    62.2    61.5    63.5    65.4 
     1996..............   64.5    66.7    64.5    65.6    68.5    67.3    67.7    66.4    68.0    69.9    68.7    66.9 
     1997..............   69.0    67.3    68.3    69.7    69.5    70.1    70.1    70.4    70.5    69.7    69.8    71.3 
     1998..............   70.4    68.3    67.1    64.0    62.1    61.7    61.8    63.8    59.8    59.0    59.3    58.6 
     1999..............   60.1    57.3   p57.3   p56.9                                                                 
                                                                                                                       
                        
                                                    Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
                        
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
Over 1-month span:                                                                                                     
     1995..............   57.2    50.4    47.1    52.9    41.4    45.3    45.0    51.1    48.6    51.1    45.3    48.2 
     1996..............   42.4    55.4    46.8    41.0    55.8    51.4    47.1    56.5    48.9    55.0    50.7    54.0 
     1997..............   50.0    52.9    53.6    56.1    52.2    53.2    51.1    55.4    53.6    62.2    61.2    55.4 
     1998..............   58.6    51.8    50.4    50.4    40.6    46.8    40.3    45.3    42.1    36.3    39.9    45.0 
     1999..............   40.3    42.4    39.6    44.6    36.3    45.3    57.2    38.5   p42.8   p45.3                 
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
Over 3-month span:                                                                                                     
     1995..............   55.4    51.4    44.2    41.7    43.5    37.4    42.1    43.9    48.2    46.8    44.6    41.4 
     1996..............   46.8    46.0    43.5    46.0    48.2    51.1    51.8    49.6    53.2    52.5    55.0    50.7 
     1997..............   51.8    51.4    57.6    56.8    54.3    51.8    53.6    55.4    59.7    68.3    65.8    64.4 
     1998..............   59.4    57.9    51.8    44.2    41.7    34.9    37.4    37.1    38.1    34.2    35.6    35.3 
     1999..............   37.4    31.7    37.1    30.2    33.8    43.9    43.2   p43.5   p36.3                         
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
Over 6-month span:                                                                                                     
     1995..............   55.4    45.7    43.2    38.1    41.7    42.8    41.0    42.1    43.5    43.2    44.2    45.0 
     1996..............   41.4    46.0    45.7    47.1    46.0    48.6    52.9    50.4    51.8    51.4    52.5    51.8 
     1997..............   54.7    54.0    51.4    54.3    52.5    52.2    55.4    61.2    61.5    64.7    66.2    65.1 
     1998..............   59.7    49.3    48.2    36.7    36.7    36.7    28.4    31.3    33.5    35.3    32.7    28.1 
     1999..............   33.1    29.1    28.1    36.0    30.9   p34.2   p34.9                                         
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
Over 12-month span:                                                                                                    
     1995..............   46.0    44.2    46.0    47.8    41.0    41.7    38.5    38.8    36.3    38.5    39.9    44.6 
     1996..............   43.5    47.5    45.3    45.3    50.4    49.6    50.4    48.6    51.1    55.0    54.3    50.7 
     1997..............   54.7    52.5    54.0    54.0    55.4    56.8    57.2    57.9    58.3    56.5    55.4    57.2 
     1998..............   54.0    49.3    46.0    40.6    35.6    33.8    30.9    32.0    26.6    26.6    25.5    26.3 
     1999..............   32.7    25.9   p27.3   p27.7                                                                 

  1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span. 
  p = preliminary.
  NOTE:  Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.