Technical information:  (202) 606-6378     USDL 96-446
                              606-6373     (Replaces USDL 96-336,
                                           issued August 22, 1996)
                                           For release:  10:00 A.M. EDT
Media contact:                606-5902     Friday, October 25, 1996

                 WORKER DISPLACEMENT DURING THE MID-1990s
                       (BASED ON REVISED ESTIMATES)
     
     
     A total of 4.2 million workers were displaced between January 1993 and
December 1995 from jobs that they had held for at least 3 years, the Bureau
of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today.  The
number of displaced workers was slightly below the level recorded 2 years
earlier in a survey that covered the period from January 1991 to December
1993.  The earlier period included the 1990-91 recession and the slow labor
market recovery that followed.  In contrast, the February 1996 survey
covered a period of employment expansion and declining unemployment.
     
     Since 1984, the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S.
Department of Labor has sponsored surveys that collect information on
workers who were displaced from their jobs.  The surveys have been
conducted biennially as supplements to the Current Population Survey, a
monthly survey of households that provides comprehensive data on the
nation's labor force.
     
     Displaced workers are persons 20 years and older who lost or left jobs
because their plant or company closed or moved, there was insufficient work
for them to do, or their position or shift was abolished.  This analysis 
     
  -----------------------------------------------------------
 |  This news release replaces USDL 96-336, issued on        |
 |Aug. 22, 1996.  Estimates in the original release were     |
 |made without a nonresponse adjustment for the displaced    |
 |worker data; this practice was first established with      |
 |the initial displaced worker survey in 1984.  As a         |
 |result of information brought to the attention of BLS      |
 |by a private researcher, the Bureau decided to recalculate |
 |the data in the August release to incorporate an adjustment|
 |for nonresponse.  This action is being taken because       |
 |nonresponse was much higher in February 1996 than in prior |
 |displaced worker surveys, and this difference affects      |
 |comparisons of the data from the February 1996 survey with |
 |those from earlier surveys.  Data from the February 1994   |
 |displaced worker survey, which were issued on Sept. 14,    |
 |1994, in news release USDL 94-434, also have been          |
 |recalculated, incorporating an adjustment for              |
 |nonresponse.  This permits more meaningful comparisons     |
 |between the two periods.  Revised data from the February   |
 |1994 survey are available upon request by calling          |
 |202--606-6378 and through the INTERNET                     |
 |(http://stats.bls.gov/cps94dw.htm).                        |
 |  Adjusting the two surveys for nonresponse raised the     |
 |estimates of displacement about 11 percent for the period  |
 |covered by the 1996 survey and about 2 percent for the     |
 |1994 survey period.  For workers who had held their jobs   |
 |at least 3 years, the reduction in displacement between    |
 |the two surveys, originally reported as 718,000, is now    |
 |estimated to be 382,000.  The total number of displaced    |
 |workers (regardless of how long they had held their jobs)  |
 |shows a statistically insignificant increase (174,000)     |
 |between the survey periods rather than the decline         |
 |(618,000) originally reported.  For both the 1996 and 1994 |
 |surveys, the nonresponse adjustment had minimal effects on |
 |the estimates pertaining to the demographic and other      |
 |characteristics of displaced workers.
  -----------------------------------------------------------
     
                                  - 2 -
     
focuses principally on the 4.2 million persons who had worked for their 
employer for at least 3 years at the time of displacement (also referred 
to as long-tenured).  Another 5.2 million workers were displaced from 
jobs they had held for less than 3 years.  Combining the long- and 
short-tenured groups, the number of displaced workers totaled 9.4 
million.  Some of the highlights from the February 1996 survey are:
     
       Slightly more than 7 in 10 of both the total and the long-tenured
       displaced workers were reemployed when surveyed in February 1996.
     
       Long-tenured workers most often cited plant or company closings or
       moves as the reason for displacement.

       Forty-three percent of displaced workers who had worked for their
       employer for at least 3 years were given written advance notice of their
       impending job loss.  Advance notice had little effect on the likelihood of
       holding a new job in February 1996, however.
     
       Workers in manufacturing continued to make up the largest share of
       displaced workers (29 percent).  They also were among the least likely to
       be reemployed in February 1996.

       Nearly half of the workers who had lost full-time wage and salary jobs
       and were reemployed in such jobs had earnings that were the same or greater
       than those on the lost job.  About one-third of such workers suffered
       earnings losses of 20 percent or more.
     
Employment status in February 1996

     Of the 4.2 million workers with 3 or more years of tenure who had been
displaced over the period from January 1993 to December 1995, 74 percent
were reemployed and 13 percent were unemployed when surveyed in February
1996. (See table 1.)  These proportions were 68 and 19 percent,
respectively, in the February 1994 survey.
     
     In the February 1996 survey, the reemployment rate was highest for
workers ages 25 to 54, as 79 percent were working again at the time of the
survey.  By comparison, the reemployment rates for older workers ages 55 to
64, and 65 and over, were 52 and 32 percent, respectively.
     
     More of the displaced were men than women; however, men were more
likely to be reemployed at the time of the survey.  Seventy-eight percent
of men were working in a new job, compared with 68 percent of women.  Among
those who were not reemployed at the time of the survey, men and women were
about equally likely to be looking for work.  The proportion of displaced
women who left the labor force--20 percent--was over twice that of men (9
percent).
     
Reason for job loss and receipt of advance notice
     
     Of those displaced between January 1993 and December 1995, 44 percent
lost their jobs due to plant closings or moves, about the same proportion
as in the February 1994 survey.  The proportion reporting insufficient work
as the reason for displacement declined from 30 to 24 percent of the total
between the two surveys; historically, the share of the displaced reporting
this reason has been sensitive to fluctuations in the business cycle.  In
February 1996, about one-third of those displaced cited position or shift
abolishment as the reason for their job loss, slightly higher than the
proportion reporting this reason in the previous survey.  (See table 2.)
     
                                  - 3 -
     
     In February 1996, workers who lost their jobs because of plant
closings or moves were most likely to receive written advance notice of
their job loss.  Of these workers, 56 percent received such notice.  By
comparison, 41 percent of workers who lost their jobs due to shift
abolishment, and only 20 percent of those displaced because of insufficient
work, were notified in advance.  Overall, displaced workers who had
received written advance notice of job loss were about equally as likely to
be working in February 1996 as were those who had not received notice.  (See
table 3.)
     
Industry and occupation

     Although manufacturing continued to account for the largest proportion
of displacements (29 percent), the number of factory workers who had lost
jobs decreased by 308,000 from the previous survey.  Nearly all of this
decline occurred among workers in the durable goods manufacturing
industries.  These industries tend to be among those most affected by
cyclical changes in economic conditions.
     
     About 7 in 10 workers displaced from manufacturing were reemployed at
the time of the survey.  This compares with about three-fourths of the
workers displaced from the industries in the service-producing sector and
about four-fifths of the workers displaced from construction.  (See table
4.)
     
     The number of workers displaced during the January 1993 to December
1995 period was lower than it had been in the prior survey period in the
managerial; precision production, craft, and repair; and operators,
fabricators, and laborers occupations.  Reemployment rates among
occupations were the highest for technicians and related support (86
percent) and lowest for machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors (55
percent).  (See table 5.)

Displacement by geographic division

     The West North Central and New England divisions had the smallest
shares of displaced workers who were unemployed at the time of the survey--
fewer than 1 in 10 in each area.  Workers who lost jobs in these divisions
also were among the most likely to be reemployed, as nearly 4 out of 5
found new jobs.  (See table 6.)

Earnings

     Of the 2.7 million reemployed displaced workers who had lost full-time
wage and salary jobs, 2.2 million were again working in such jobs in
February 1996.  The remainder were holding part-time wage and salary jobs,
were self-employed, or were working as unpaid workers in family businesses.
Nearly half of those reemployed in full-time wage and salary jobs were
earning as much or more than they did prior to their job loss.  About one-
third, however, suffered earnings losses of 20 percent or more.  (See table
7.)

Total displaced workers (with no tenure restriction)
     
     The total number of workers who were displaced over the period January
1993 to December 1995 (regardless of how long they had held their jobs) was
9.4 million, little different from the total number in the previous survey
period.  (See table 8.)  Of the total number of workers displaced over the
most recent survey period, 72 percent were reemployed and 15 percent were
unemployed in February 1996.  In the previous survey, 66 percent of the
total displaced were reemployed and 21 percent were unemployed.  In
February 1996, the total group of displaced workers was somewhat more
likely than those with 3 or more years of job tenure to have lost jobs in
construction, retail trade, and services and was less likely to have lost
manufacturing jobs.
                                  - 4 -

Explanatory Note
 
 
 The  data presented in this report were collected through a supplement  to
the  February 1996 Current Population Survey (CPS), the monthly  survey  of
about  50,000  households that provides the basic data  on  employment  and
unemployment for the nation.  The purpose of this supplement was to  obtain
information  on  the  number and characteristics of persons  who  had  been
displaced  (as  defined below) from their jobs over the  prior  3  calendar
years.
 
 The  first  question asked of survey respondents was, "During the  last  3
calendar years, that is, January 1993 through December 1995, did (you/name)
lose a job or leave one because: (your/his/her) plant or company closed  or
moved,  (your/his/her) position or shift was abolished, insufficient  work,
or another similar reason?"  If the answer to that question was "yes," then
the  respondent  was asked to identify which reason, among  the  following,
best described the reason for the job loss:
 
   Plant or company closed down or moved
   Plant or company operating but lost or left job because of:
            Insufficient work
            Position or shift abolished
            Seasonal job completed
   Self-operated business failed
   Some other reason
 
 Respondents who provided one of the first three reasons--plant  or  company
closed  or  moved,  insufficient work, or position or shift  abolished--were
then  asked questions about the lost job, including how many years  it  had
been  held;  the  year  the  job  was lost;  its  earnings,  industry,  and
occupation;  and  whether  health  insurance  had  been  provided.    Other
questions were asked to determine what transpired before and after the  job
loss, such as:  Was the respondent notified of the upcoming dismissal?  How
long did he/she go without work?  Did he/she receive unemployment benefits?
And,  if  so,  were the benefits used up?  Did the person move  to  another
location  after the job loss to take or look for another job?   Information
also  was  collected  about current health insurance coverage  (other  than
Medicare  and Medicaid) and current earnings for those employed in February
1996.
 
 Information  in  this release will be made available to  sensory  impaired
individuals upon request.  Voice phone:  202-606-STAT; TDD phone:
202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone number:  1-800-326-2577.
 
     Table 1.  Displaced workers by age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, and employment status in February 1996
                                                                                                              
                                                                                                              
                                                              Percent distribution by employment status       
        Age, sex, race, and Hispanic        Total(1)                                                          
                   origin                 (thousands)                                                         
                                                           Total        Employed     Unemployed    Not in the 
                                                                                                  labor force 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                    TOTAL                                                                                     
                                                                                                              
       Total, 20 years and over.........      4,171        100.0          73.6          12.5          13.9    
         20 to 24 years.................        149        100.0          71.3          17.9          10.7    
         25 to 54 years.................      3,397        100.0          78.5          12.0           9.5    
         55 to 64 years.................        487        100.0          52.1          16.6          31.3    
         65 years and over..............        139        100.0          31.6           4.1          64.3    
                                                                                                              
                     Men                                                                                      
                                                                                                              
       Total, 20 years and over.........      2,358        100.0          77.8          13.1           9.1    
         20 to 24 years.................         82        100.0          77.4          17.1           5.4    
         25 to 54 years.................      1,929        100.0          82.0          13.2           4.8    
         55 to 64 years.................        276        100.0          60.7          12.6          26.7    
         65 years and over..............         71        100.0          (2)           (2)           (2)     
                                                                                                              
                    Women                                                                                     
                                                                                                              
       Total, 20 years and over.........      1,813        100.0          68.2          11.8          20.0    
         20 to 24 years.................         67        100.0          63.9          18.9          17.2    
         25 to 54 years.................      1,468        100.0          73.9          10.6          15.6    
         55 to 64 years.................        211        100.0          40.8          21.9          37.3    
         65 years and over..............         67        100.0          (2)           (2)           (2)     
                                                                                                              
                    White                                                                                     
                                                                                                              
       Total, 20 years and over.........      3,632        100.0          74.1          12.0          13.9    
         Men............................      2,087        100.0          79.0          12.0           9.0    
         Women..........................      1,545        100.0          67.5          11.9          20.6    
                                                                                                              
                    Black                                                                                     
                                                                                                              
       Total, 20 years and over.........        420        100.0          67.4          17.1          15.5    
         Men............................        230        100.0          67.3          21.3          11.3    
         Women..........................        191        100.0          67.4          12.1          20.5    
                                                                                                              
               Hispanic origin                                                                                
                                                                                                              
       Total, 20 years and over.........        383        100.0          66.5          22.8          10.7    
         Men............................        248        100.0          74.6          19.5           5.8    
         Women..........................        135        100.0          51.7          28.6          19.7    

       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between
     January 1993 and December 1995 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the
     abolishment of their positions or shifts.
       2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
         NOTE:  Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for
     the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black
     population groups.  






     Table 2.  Displaced workers  by age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, and reason for job loss, February 1996
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                       Percent distribution by reason for job loss     
                                                                                                                       
                                                     Total(1)                                                          
         Age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin       (thousands)                   Plant or                  Position or 
                                                                    Total        company     Insufficient     shift    
                                                                               closed down       work       abolished  
                                                                                 or moved                              
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                        TOTAL                                                                                          
                                                                                                                       
       Total, 20 years and over..................      4,171        100.0          44.0          24.2          31.8    
         20 to 24 years..........................        149        100.0          52.9          30.0          17.1    
         25 to 54 years..........................      3,397        100.0          43.1          25.3          31.6    
         55 to 64 years..........................        487        100.0          45.3          15.1          39.7    
         65 years and over.......................        139        100.0          50.4          22.5          27.1    
                                                                                                                       
                         Men                                                                                           
                                                                                                                       
       Total, 20 years and over..................      2,358        100.0          42.8          27.3          29.9    
         20 to 24 years..........................         82        100.0          53.5          34.9          11.6    
         25 to 54 years..........................      1,929        100.0          42.4          28.6          28.9    
         55 to 64 years..........................        276        100.0          41.5          14.8          43.7    
         65 years and over.......................         71        100.0          (2)           (2)           (2)     
                                                                                                                       
                        Women                                                                                          
                                                                                                                       
       Total, 20 years and over..................      1,813        100.0          45.5          20.2          34.4    
         20 to 24 years..........................         67        100.0          52.3          23.9          23.8    
         25 to 54 years..........................      1,468        100.0          44.0          21.0          35.1    
         55 to 64 years..........................        211        100.0          50.1          15.5          34.4    
         65 years and over.......................         67        100.0          (2)           (2)           (2)     
                                                                                                                       
                        White                                                                                          
                                                                                                                       
       Total, 20 years and over..................      3,632        100.0          43.0          24.7          32.4    
         Men.....................................      2,087        100.0          41.3          28.1          30.5    
         Women...................................      1,545        100.0          45.2          20.0          34.8    
                                                                                                                       
                        Black                                                                                          
                                                                                                                       
       Total, 20 years and over..................        420        100.0          51.8          20.0          28.2    
         Men.....................................        230        100.0          52.2          19.6          28.1    
         Women...................................        191        100.0          51.2          20.4          28.4    
                                                                                                                       
                   Hispanic origin                                                                                     
                                                                                                                       
       Total, 20 years and over..................        383        100.0          49.5          37.0          13.4    
         Men.....................................        248        100.0          48.1          43.2           8.6    
         Women...................................        135        100.0          52.1          25.6          22.3    

       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 1993
     and December 1995 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their
     positions or shifts.
       2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
         NOTE:  Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other
     races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.  






     Table 3.  Displaced workers by whether they received written advance notice, reason for job loss, and employment
     status in February 1996
                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                          
                                                                              Percent distribution by employment status   
                                                                 Total(1)                                                 
                          Characteristic                       (thousands)                                                
                                                                              Total      Employed   Unemployed  Not in the
                                                                                                               labor force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                               TOTAL                                                                                      
                                                                                                                          
       Total, 20 years and over(2)............................     4,171      100.0        73.6        12.5        13.9   
         Received written advance notice......................     1,776      100.0        73.2        11.0        15.8   
         Did not receive written advance notice...............     2,340      100.0        74.1        13.8        12.1   
                                                                                                                          
               Plant or company closed down or moved                                                                      
                                                                                                                          
       Total, 20 years and over(2)............................     1,833      100.0        72.7        12.7        14.5   
         Received written advance notice......................     1,031      100.0        75.0        10.5        14.4   
         Did not receive written advance notice...............       766      100.0        69.7        16.2        14.1   
                                                                                                                          
                         Insufficient work                                                                                
                                                                                                                          
       Total, 20 years and over(2)............................     1,009      100.0        74.3        12.6        13.0   
         Received written advance notice......................       199      100.0        63.5        11.1        25.5   
         Did not receive written advance notice...............       801      100.0        77.1        12.8        10.1   
                                                                                                                          
                    Position or shift abolished                                                                           
                                                                                                                          
       Total, 20 years and over(2)............................     1,329      100.0        74.3        12.2        13.5   
         Received written advance notice......................       546      100.0        73.5        11.7        14.8   
         Did not receive written advance notice...............       772      100.0        75.4        12.3        12.3   

       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 1993 and
     December 1995 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
     or shifts.
       2 Includes a small number who did not report information on advance notice.






     Table 4.  Displaced workers by industry and class of worker of lost job and employment status in February 1996
                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                          
                                                                              Percent distribution by employment status   
                                                                 Total(1)                                                 
             Industry and class of worker of lost job          (thousands)                                                
                                                                              Total      Employed   Unemployed  Not in the
                                                                                                               labor force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
          Total, 20 years and over(2).........................     4,171      100.0        73.6        12.5        13.9   
                                                                                                                          
     Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers..........     3,761      100.0        73.5        12.5        14.0   
                                                                                                                          
       Mining.................................................        62      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
       Construction...........................................       287      100.0        79.5         9.3        11.2   
                                                                                                                          
       Manufacturing..........................................     1,216      100.0        69.5        14.0        16.5   
         Durable goods........................................       732      100.0        72.7        13.3        14.0   
           Lumber and wood products...........................        31      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
           Furniture and fixtures.............................        40      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
           Stone, clay, and glass products....................        43      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
           Primary metal industries...........................        43      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
           Fabricated metal products..........................        81      100.0        72.0        14.3        13.6   
           Machinery, except electrical.......................       142      100.0        78.7        10.6        10.7   
           Electrical machinery...............................       127      100.0        82.9         6.3        10.8   
           Transportation equipment...........................       151      100.0        64.1        15.4        20.5   
             Automobiles......................................        42      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Other transportation equipment...................       109      100.0        67.5        10.9        21.6   
           Professional and photographic equipment............        39      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
           Other durable goods industries.....................        36      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
                                                                                                                          
         Nondurable goods.....................................       484      100.0        64.5        15.1        20.3   
           Food and kindred products..........................        88      100.0        77.2         8.3        14.5   
           Textile mill products..............................        38      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
           Apparel and other finished textile products........       113      100.0        58.9        21.1        20.1   
           Paper and allied products..........................        36      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
           Printing and publishing............................        93      100.0        73.5        15.9        10.7   
           Chemical and allied products.......................        69      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
           Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products.........        39      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
           Other nondurable goods industries..................         7      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
                                                                                                                          
       Transportation and public utilities....................       284      100.0        75.5        11.6        12.9   
         Transportation.......................................       167      100.0        76.2         8.7        15.1   
         Communications and other public utilities............       116      100.0        74.6        15.6         9.8   
                                                                                                                          
       Wholesale and retail trade.............................       802      100.0        75.5        11.3        13.1   
         Wholesale trade......................................       207      100.0        79.8         9.1        11.1   
         Retail trade.........................................       594      100.0        74.0        12.1        13.9   
                                                                                                                          
       Finance, insurance, and real estate....................       333      100.0        76.0         5.7        18.3   
       Services...............................................       779      100.0        75.6        13.8        10.6   
         Professional services................................       431      100.0        79.4        11.4         9.3   
         Other service industries.............................       347      100.0        71.0        16.8        12.2   
     Agricultural wage and salary workers.....................        56      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
     Government workers.......................................       304      100.0        77.5        11.3        11.2   

       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 1993 and
     December 1995 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
     or shifts.
       2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report industry or class of
     worker.
       3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.






     Table 5.  Displaced workers by occupation of lost job and employment status in February 1996
                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                   
                   Occupation of lost job                 Total(1)     Total      Employed   Unemployed  Not in the
                                                        (thousands)                                     labor force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
          Total, 20 years and over(2)..................     4,171      100.0        73.6        12.5        13.9   
                                                                                                                   
     Managerial and professional specialty.............     1,167      100.0        77.7         9.9        12.4   
       Executive, administrative, and managerial.......       701      100.0        76.6         9.2        14.2   
       Professional specialty..........................       466      100.0        79.5        10.9         9.6   
                                                                                                                   
     Technical, sales, and administrative support......     1,336      100.0        72.5        12.2        15.3   
       Technicians and related support.................       136      100.0        85.7         7.0         7.3   
       Sales occupations...............................       478      100.0        68.2        16.3        15.4   
       Administrative support, including clerical......       722      100.0        72.8        10.5        16.7   
                                                                                                                   
     Service occupations...............................       247      100.0        77.0        11.1        11.9   
                                                                                                                   
     Precision production, craft, and repair...........       578      100.0        80.4        10.0         9.6   
       Mechanics and repairers.........................       167      100.0        80.9        12.6         6.4   
       Construction trades.............................       197      100.0        81.8         8.6         9.6   
       Other precision production, craft, and repair...       214      100.0        78.7         9.1        12.2   
                                                                                                                   
     Operators, fabricators, and laborers..............       775      100.0        63.8        18.1        18.1   
       Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors...       407      100.0        55.0        19.3        25.8   
       Transportation and material moving occupations..       197      100.0        76.1        12.6        11.3   
       Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and                                                                  
        laborers.......................................       171      100.0        70.6        21.6         7.9   
                                                                                                                   
     Farming, forestry, and fishing....................        40      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    

       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January
     1993 and December 1995 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of
     their positions or shifts.
       2 Total includes a small number who did not report occupation.
       3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.






     Table 6.  Displaced workers by selected characteristics and area of residence in February 1996
     
     (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                          Total(1)    New    Middle   East    West   South    East    West                   
               Characteristic            (thousand- England Atlant-  North   North  Atlant-  South   South   Mountain Pacific
                                             s)                ic   Central Central    ic   Central Central                  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
            Workers who lost jobs                                                                                            
                                                                                                                             
     Total, 20 years and over...........    4,171       247     670     707     311     659     235     360      230      752
       Men..............................    2,358       131     381     395     148     376     141     209      137      440
       Women............................    1,813       116     290     312     163     283      94     151       93      312
                                                                                                                             
             Reason for job loss                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
       Plant or company closed down                                                                                          
           or moved.....................    1,833       105     289     323     141     281     110     165       91      329
       Insufficient work................    1,009        59     160     137      58     184      69      97       63      184
       Position or shift abolished......    1,329        83     221     247     112     194      57      99       76      239
                                                                                                                             
            Industry of lost job                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
       Construction.....................      300         7      42      45      26      78      11      33       10       48
       Manufacturing....................    1,240        81     221     214      85     170      93      97       70      209
         Durable goods..................      756        57     117     139      48      90      32      68       46      158
         Nondurable goods...............      484        24     103      75      37      81      61      29       24       51
       Transportation and public                                                                                             
        utilities.......................      295        21      46      73      15      53      17      14       17       39
       Wholesale and retail trade.......      811        46     107     141      73     147      34      88       42      135
       Finance, insurance, and real                                                                                          
        estate..........................      361        39      54      81      24      47      25      33        8       51
       Services.........................      903        45     162     128      71     134      38      55       63      208
         Professional services..........      549        26      85      89      49      68      31      37       36      127
         Other service industries.......      354        19      76      39      22      66       8      18       26       80
       Public administration............      112         4      24      10       6      22       7       6        8       24
       Other industries(2)..............      150         4      15      15      12       8      10      36       13       38
                                                                                                                             
              Employment status                                                                                              
              in February 1996                                                                                               
                                                                                                                             
       Employed.........................    3,071       192     441     530     241     494     181     273      176      543
       Unemployed.......................      522        21     117      77      24      85      25      54       22       97
         Percent less than 5 weeks......     24.2     (3)      34.9    13.5   (3)      20.1   (3)     (3)      (3)       26.3
         Percent 27 weeks or more.......     25.4     (3)      20.0    24.0   (3)      33.8   (3)     (3)      (3)       19.7
       Not in the labor force...........      578        33     113     100      46      80      29      33       33      112

       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 1993 and
     December 1995 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or
     shifts.
       2 Includes a small number who did not report industry.
       3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
         NOTE:  Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont compose the New England Division;
     New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania compose the Middle Atlantic Division; Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and
     Wisconsin compose the East North Central Division; Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South
     Dakota compose the West North Central Division; Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North
     Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia compose the South Atlantic Division; Alabama, Kentucky,
     Mississippi, and Tennessee compose the East South Central Division; Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas compose the
     West South Central Division; Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming compose the
     Mountain Division; Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington compose the Pacific Division.  






     Table 7.  Displaced workers who lost full-time wage and salary jobs(1) and were reemployed in February 1996 by
     industry of lost job and characteristics of new job
     
     (In thousands)
                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                           
                                                                         Reemployed in February 1996                       
                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                           
                                                                          Wage and salary workers                          
                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                           
                                                                                     Full time                             
                                                                                                                    Self-  
                 Industry of lost job                                                                              employed
                                                   Total                  Earnings relative to  those of lost job    and   
                                                            Part                                                    unpaid 
                                                            time                                                    family 
                                                                  Total(-     20      Below,   Equal or     20     workers 
                                                                     2)    percent     but      above,   percent           
                                                                           or more  within 20    but     or more           
                                                                            below    percent  within 20   above            
                                                                                               percent                     
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
     Total who lost full-time wage and salary                                                                              
        jobs.....................................   2,734     226   2,210      612       420       563       376       298 
                                                                                                                           
       Construction..............................     202    -        179       46        23        74        24        24 
       Manufacturing.............................     844      67     712      208       126       159       138        65 
         Durable goods(3)........................     541      48     458      143        58       109        92        35 
           Primary metal industries..............      30       2      26       11         2         3         8         2 
             Steel(4)............................      20       2      16        8      -            3         4         2 
             Other primary metals................      10    -         10        3         2      -            4      -    
           Fabricated metal products.............      56    -         50       20         8         8         6         6 
           Machinery, except electrical..........     112      10      92       28         9        15        21         9 
           Electrical machinery..................     106      12      92       22        16        32        13         2 
           Transportation equipment..............     108      10      89       37         3        23        19        10 
             Automobiles.........................      23    -         23        5      -            9         7      -    
             Other transportation equipment......      85      10      65       31         3        13        12        10 
         Nondurable goods........................     302      19     254       65        68        50        46        30 
                                                                                                                           
       Transportation and public utilities.......     203      20     169       60        31        39        26        15 
       Wholesale and retail trade................     507      49     402      104        93        58        86        56 
       Finance, insurance, and real estate.......     250      17     180       40        46        51        21        52 
       Services..................................     565      62     434      117        94       138        63        69 
         Professional services...................     350      50     277       78        69        84        30        24 
         Other service industries................     215      13     158       39        25        54        33        45 
       Public administration.....................      80       6      66       16         6        27         8         8 
       Other industries(5).......................      82       6      68       22         2        18         9         9 

       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a full-time wage and salary job they had lost or left
     between January 1993 and December 1995 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the
     abolishment of their positions or shifts. 
       2 Includes about 239,000  persons who did not report earnings on lost job.
       3 Includes other industries, not shown separately
       4 Includes blast furnaces, steelworks, rolling and finishing mills, and iron and steel furnaces.
       5 Includes a small number who did not report industry.
         NOTE:  Dash represents zero.






     Table 8.  Total displaced workers by selected characteristics and employment status in February 1996
                                                                                                         
                                                                                                         
                                                                Percent distribution by employment status
                                                     Total(1)                                            
                    Characteristic                 (thousands)                                           
                                                                 Total  Employed  Unemployed   Not in the
                                                                                              labor force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
                 Workers who lost jobs                                                                   
                                                                                                         
     Total, 20 years and over.....................     9,367     100.0     71.6       15.3        13.1   
       20 to 24 years.............................     1,117     100.0     70.8       17.4        11.8   
       25 to 54 years.............................     7,310     100.0     74.6       15.1        10.3   
       55 to 64 years.............................       707     100.0     55.4       17.2        27.4   
       65 years and over..........................       233     100.0     30.5        7.7        61.9   
                                                                                                         
       Men........................................     5,315     100.0     74.1       17.3         8.6   
         20 to 24 years...........................       681     100.0     71.1       20.1         8.8   
         25 to 54 years...........................     4,106     100.0     77.1       17.2         5.7   
         55 to 64 years...........................       404     100.0     63.1       14.7        22.2   
         65 years and over........................       124     100.0     27.6       12.7        59.6   
                                                                                                         
       Women......................................     4,052     100.0     68.3       12.8        18.9   
         20 to 24 years...........................       437     100.0     70.3       13.1        16.6   
         25 to 54 years...........................     3,204     100.0     71.4       12.4        16.3   
         55 to 64 years...........................       303     100.0     45.1       20.6        34.3   
         65 years and over........................       109     100.0     33.7        1.9        64.4   
                                                                                                         
       White......................................     7,887     100.0     73.4       14.0        12.6   
       Black......................................     1,150     100.0     58.8       25.9        15.3   
       Hispanic origin............................       936     100.0     61.9       25.0        13.1   
                                                                                                         
                  Reason for job loss                                                                    
                                                                                                         
       Plant or company closed down or moved......     3,404     100.0     71.6       13.5        14.9   
       Insufficient work..........................     3,500     100.0     69.9       18.5        11.6   
       Position or shift abolished................     2,463     100.0     73.9       13.4        12.7   
                                                                                                         
        Occupation and industry of lost job(2)                                                           
                                                                                                         
       Managerial and professional specialty......     2,021     100.0     80.0       10.1        10.0   
       Technical, sales, and administrative                                                              
          support.................................     2,806     100.0     71.0       13.5        15.5   
       Service occupations........................       921     100.0     67.6       16.3        16.1   
       Precision production, craft, and repair....     1,351     100.0     74.9       15.7         9.4   
       Operators, fabricators, and laborers.......     2,013     100.0     64.3       21.6        14.1   
       Farming, forestry, and fishing.............       112     100.0     69.8       21.4         8.8   
                                                                                                         
       Nonagricultural private wage and salary                                                           
          workers.................................     8,492     100.0     71.6       15.3        13.1   
         Mining...................................        91     100.0     65.4       24.8         9.8   
         Construction.............................       974     100.0     71.5       18.3        10.3   
         Manufacturing............................     2,166     100.0     69.2       16.3        14.5   
           Durable goods..........................     1,312     100.0     70.3       17.0        12.7   
           Nondurable goods.......................       854     100.0     67.6       15.2        17.2   
         Transportation and public utilities......       607     100.0     70.5       16.3        13.2   
         Wholesale and retail trade...............     2,042     100.0     70.3       15.8        13.9   
           Wholesale trade........................       412     100.0     73.1       19.0         7.9   
           Retail trade...........................     1,630     100.0     69.6       15.0        15.4   
         Finance, insurance, and real estate......       599     100.0     77.4        6.0        16.6   
         Services.................................     2,012     100.0     74.3       14.4        11.4   
       Agricultural wage and salary workers.......       132     100.0     65.9       18.7        15.5   
       Government workers.........................       498     100.0     73.8       16.0        10.2   

       1 Data refer to all persons (regardless of years of tenure on lost job) who had lost or left a job
     between January 1993 and December 1995 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient
     work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
       2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report occupation
     or industry.
         NOTE:  Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data
     for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black
     population groups.