U.S.IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – MAY 2023

U.S. import prices decreased 0.6 percent in May, after increasing 0.3 percent the previous month, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Lower fuel and nonfuel prices each contributed to the May 

decline. Prices for U.S. exports fell 1.9 percent in May following a revised 0.1-percent drop in April. 

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: May 2022 – May 2023

Imports 

The price index for U.S. imports declined 0.6 percent in May, resuming the trend of monthly decreases in 

2023 following a 0.3-percent increase in April. U.S. import prices fell 5.9 percent for the year ended in May, 

the largest 12-month drop since the index declined 6.3 percent from May 2019 to May 2020. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices fell 6.4 percent in May following a 4.1-percent increase in April. Lower

petroleum and natural gas prices contributed to the May decline which was the largest 1-month drop since 

August 2022. Prices for import fuel decreased 35.2 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-theyear decline since the index fell 37.5 percent from June 2019 to June 2020. The price index for petroleum 

fell 5.9 percent in May, after rising 5.4 percent the previous month. Import petroleum prices declined 34.1 

percent over the past year, the largest 12-month drop since June 2020. Prices for natural gas decreased 26.1 

percent in May, after an 18.9-percent drop in April. Import natural gas prices fell 67.9 percent over the past 

12 months, the largest over-the-year decline since the index fell 68.6 percent for the year ended July 2009. 

 

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May'22 Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May'23

1-month percent change 12-month percent change

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until

8:30 a.m. (ET) Thursday, June 15, 2023 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

USDL-23-1304
2

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for nonfuel imports edged down 0.1 percent in May, after being 

unchanged the previous month. Lower prices in May for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials and foods, 

feeds, and beverages more than offset higher prices for automotive vehicles and capital goods. Nonfuel 

import prices declined 1.6 percent over the past year. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: The price index for foods, feeds, and beverages decreased 1.1 percent in 

May, after being unchanged in April. The May decline was the largest 1-month drop since a 1.5-percent 

decrease in August 2022. Lower fruit prices drove the decline in May and more than offset higher vegetable 

prices. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices fell 0.4 percent 

in May following a 0.1-percent decline the previous month. Lower prices for agricultural products used for 

industrial supplies and materials and chemicals led the decrease in nonfuel industrial supplies and materials 

prices. 

Finished Goods: Import prices for the major finished goods categories were mostly up in May. The price 

index for automotive vehicles rose 0.4 percent, after ticking up 0.1 percent in April. Higher automotive parts 

prices drove the May advance. Prices for capital goods ticked up 0.1 percent in May following a 0.1-percent 

decrease the previous month. Higher prices for industrial and service machinery led the advance in May. 

Consumer goods prices were unchanged in May, after rising 0.1 percent in April. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Export Price Index: May 2022 – May 2023

Exports 

Prices for U.S. exports declined 1.9 percent in May, the largest monthly drop since December 2022. Lower

prices for nonagricultural exports and agricultural exports in May each contributed to the overall decrease. 

U.S. export prices fell 10.1 percent for the year ended in May, the largest 12-month decline since the 12-

month percent change series was first published in September 1984. (See table 2.)

Agricultural Exports: Agricultural export prices decreased 2.1 percent in May, after advancing 0.4 percent 

in April. The May decline was the largest monthly drop since December 2022. Lower prices for corn, 

soybeans, and wheat in May more than offset higher meat and fruit prices. Prices for agricultural exports fell 

8.1 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year decline since a 9.1-percent drop in April 2016. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: The price index for nonagricultural exports fell 1.8 percent in May 

following a 0.1-percent drop the previous month. The May decrease was the largest 1-month decline since 

December 2022. Lower prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials and nonagricultural 

foods more than offset higher prices for capital goods, consumer goods, and automotive vehicles. 

Nonagricultural export prices decreased 10.5 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month drop since the 

12-month percent change series was first published in March 1986. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices

decreased 4.5 percent in May following a 0.5-percent drop the previous month. The May decline was the 

largest monthly drop since December 2022. The May decrease was led by a 10.1-percent drop in export fuel 

prices. 

Finished Goods: Prices for each of the major finished goods export categories were up in May. Capital 

goods prices advanced 0.1 percent, after increasing 0.2 percent in April. The price index for capital goods 

has not recorded a monthly decline since November 2022. Consumer goods prices advanced 0.2 percent in 

May following 0.3-percent increases in each of the previous 2 months. The May advance in consumer goods 

prices was driven by higher prices for medicinal, dental, and pharmaceutical materials. Prices for 

automotive vehicles ticked up 0.1 percent in May, after declining 0.3 percent in April. 

More information for the major import and export price indexes can be found at 

www.bls.gov/web/ximpim/largest.htm. 

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May'22 Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May'23

1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Prices for imports from China fell 0.2 percent in May, after declining 0.5 

percent the previous month. Import prices from China have not recorded a monthly advance since October 

2022. The price index for imports from China decreased 2.0 percent for the year ended in May. Prices for 

imports from Japan declined 0.2 percent in May following a 0.5-percent increase in April. Import prices 

from Japan rose on a 12-month basis, advancing 0.6 percent from May 2022 to May 2023. The price index 

for imports from Canada fell 2.9 percent in May, after advancing 0.5 percent the previous month. Prices for 

imports from Canada declined 22.4 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month drop since a 26.0-

percent decrease in May 2020. Import prices from Mexico edged down 0.1 percent in May following a 0.6-

percent advance in April. In contrast, the price index for imports from the European Union rose 0.3 percent 

in May, after increasing 0.5 percent the previous month. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: The price index for exports to China fell 2.1 percent in May, after 

declining 0.3 percent in April and 0.4 percent in March. Export prices to China fell 11.5 percent over the 

past 12 months, the largest over-the-year drop since the 12-month percent change series was first published 

in December 2018. Prices for exports to Japan fell 2.2 percent in May following a 0.8-percent drop the 

previous month. Export prices to Japan declined 12.9 percent for the year ended in May, the largest 12-

month drop since the 12-month percent change series was first published in December 2018. The price 

index for exports to Canada decreased 0.9 percent in May, after declining 0.5 percent in April. Prices for 

exports to Mexico and the European Union also fell in May, decreasing 2.0 percent and 1.9 percent, 

respectively. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 

the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. U.S. terms of trade with China declined 

1.9 percent in May, the first monthly decrease since December 2022. Lower export prices to China in May 

more than offset lower import prices from China. The index for U.S. terms of trade with China fell 9.8 

percent over the past year. U.S. terms of trade with Japan decreased 2.0 percent in May and 13.3 percent 

over the past 12 months. The indexes for U.S. terms of trade with Mexico and the European Union also fell 

in May, declining 1.9 percent and 2.2 percent, respectively. In contrast, U.S. terms of trade with Canada 

rose 2.2 percent in May and increased 23.9 percent from May 2022 to May 2023. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares rose 8.0 percent in May following a 5.4-percent decline in April. The 

May increase was the largest monthly rise since June 2022 and was primarily led by higher European fares. 

Import air passenger fares increased 6.3 percent over the past year. Prices for import air freight decreased 

4.5 percent in May, after rising 2.3 percent in April. The May drop was driven by lower Asian air freight 

prices. Import air freight prices declined 37.7 percent for the year ended in May, the largest over-the-year

drop since the 12-month percent change series was first published in September 1991. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares declined 5.5 percent in May following a 0.6-percent increase the 

previous month. The May decline was led by lower Latin American/Caribbean fares which more than offset 

higher European and Asian fares. The index for export air passenger fares rose 0.4 percent over the past 

year, the smallest 12-month advance since the most recent decline in November 2021. Export air freight 

prices fell 3.2 percent in May, after a 0.8-percent drop in April. Prices for export air freight decreased 15.4 

percent over the past year, the largest 12-month decline since the index fell 15.7 percent in September 2009. 

 

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for June 2023 are scheduled for release on Friday, July 14, 

2023, at 8:30 a.m. (ET). 
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2022 to May

2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Apr.

20231

Index Percent change

Apr.

2023

May

2023

Annual Monthly

May

2022 to

May

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Apr.

2023 to

May

2023

All commodities................................... 100.000 140.3 139.4 -5.9 -0.2 -0.8 0.3 -0.6

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 83.782 108.5 108.6 -1.7 0.3 -0.4 -0.1 0.1

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 91.467 124.1 123.9 -2.2 -0.3 -0.6 -0.2 -0.2

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 90.916 128.0 127.9 -1.6 0.4 -0.5 0.0 -0.1

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 7.134 212.8 210.5 -0.5 1.3 -0.9 0.0 -1.1

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 5.679 234.4 231.9 1.4 1.3 -1.3 0.5 -1.1

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.456 162.2 160.4 -7.4 1.4 0.6 -1.8 -1.1

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 24.934 247.3 240.9 -20.4 -2.0 -2.5 1.4 -2.6

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 16.518 206.5 204.5 -12.4 -3.4 -2.4 -0.7 -1.0

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 15.865 231.0 230.0 -9.9 0.2 -1.5 -0.1 -0.4

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.038 225.5 225.2 -10.0 1.6 -1.4 -0.3 -0.1

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 6.364 184.5 180.4 -14.9 -10.1 -3.9 -1.3 -2.2

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 9.084 282.8 264.6 -35.2 -5.6 -4.4 4.1 -6.4

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 8.533 303.3 285.3 -34.1 0.0 -3.1 5.4 -5.9

Crude petroleum........................... 10000 5.278 304.7 286.8 -35.8 -0.1 -1.7 7.1 -5.9

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.418 173.3 140.2 -58.8 -45.4 -23.1 -15.7 -19.1

Natural gas.................................. 10110 0.310 149.3 110.4 -67.9 -49.9 -28.8 -18.9 -26.1

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.520 138.7 139.5 5.8 -1.7 -2.2 -3.4 0.6

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 5.293 201.2 199.2 -10.6 -2.4 -1.5 0.4 -1.0

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.706 186.6 185.8 -20.7 2.4 -0.2 -3.2 -0.4

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 4.155 342.6 342.5 -14.2 2.2 -3.0 0.4 0.0

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 2.352 218.9 218.6 -0.5 0.2 -0.8 1.4 -0.1

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.825 128.0 127.7 -0.3 1.5 0.3 -1.2 -0.2

Capital goods................................... 2 27.763 93.6 93.7 0.9 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.1

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.733 129.4 129.7 0.8 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.2

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 22.633 84.6 84.6 0.5 0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.0

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 1.396 152.5 152.9 6.8 0.7 0.7 1.1 0.3

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 12.762 117.6 118.1 1.9 0.0 -0.2 0.1 0.4

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 27.407 110.3 110.3 -0.1 0.5 -0.3 0.1 0.0

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 12.798 125.4 125.5 0.4 0.2 -0.1 0.2 0.1

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 13.609 95.6 95.5 -0.2 0.3 -0.1 0.0 -0.1

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 1.001 129.4 129.5 -4.2 4.4 -4.4 1.1 0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2022 to May

2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Apr.

20231

Index Percent change

Apr.

2023

May

2023

Annual Monthly

May

2022 to

May

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Apr.

2023 to

May

2023

All commodities................................... 100.000 151.0 148.2 -10.1 0.4 -0.4 -0.1 -1.9

Agricultural commodities....................... 11.095 249.1 243.8 -8.1 0.8 -1.8 0.4 -2.1

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 72.965 115.1 115.2 -0.9 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.1

All exports excluding fuels (June

2022=100)........................................ 83.183 100.2 100.0 – 0.7 -0.1 0.2 -0.2

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 88.905 143.5 140.9 -10.5 0.3 -0.2 -0.1 -1.8

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 10.218 251.7 246.4 -8.0 0.8 -2.0 0.4 -2.1

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 9.815 254.1 248.6 -7.5 0.9 -1.9 0.6 -2.2

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.403 207.3 205.0 -17.5 -0.9 -2.7 -3.6 -1.1

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 38.705 206.4 197.4 -22.8 0.1 -0.8 -0.5 -4.4

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 11.038 217.1 216.3 -5.8 1.0 -0.9 1.3 -0.4

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 27.667 199.5 187.5 -28.0 -0.2 -0.7 -1.2 -6.0

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.280 225.7 221.7 -11.7 0.0 -1.2 -0.7 -1.8

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 37.424 205.9 196.6 -23.2 0.1 -0.8 -0.5 -4.5

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 16.817 251.9 226.4 -37.4 -1.1 -1.1 -1.3 -10.1

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 19.797 198.9 199.1 -7.3 1.2 -0.5 0.2 0.1

Selected building materials.................. 13 0.810 150.8 151.6 -11.7 0.7 0.7 -0.8 0.5

Capital goods................................... 2 30.369 121.1 121.2 2.4 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.399 137.6 137.7 4.8 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.1

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 22.247 101.5 101.6 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 4.724 207.2 207.5 6.1 1.5 0.5 0.8 0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 8.061 123.6 123.7 2.7 -0.1 0.1 -0.3 0.1

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 12.647 119.4 119.6 2.7 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.2

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 6.680 110.7 110.9 0.5 0.6 -0.1 0.5 0.2

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 4.711 119.2 119.4 5.3 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.2

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec.

2018=100)................................... 42 1.256 131.6 131.5 4.1 3.4 0.1 -0.2 -0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: May 2022 to May 2023

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Apr.

20231

Index Percent change

Apr.

2023

May

2023

Annual Monthly

May

2022 to

May

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Apr.

2023 to

May

2023

Nonmanufacturing................................ 8.289 147.8 139.0 -30.0 -4.5 -4.1 4.5 -6.0

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 2.172 216.5 211.3 -4.0 3.6 -4.4 0.1 -2.4

Crop production............................... 111 1.718 222.6 219.1 -4.8 2.3 -5.4 -0.5 -1.6

Animal production (Dec. 2022=100)........ 112 0.275 117.0 110.1 – 13.7 -3.3 3.5 -5.9

Mining............................................ 21 6.117 143.2 132.9 -36.3 -7.2 -4.0 6.0 -7.2

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 5.739 139.1 129.6 -38.2 -8.1 -4.2 5.0 -6.8

Mining (except oil and gas) (Dec.

2022=100)................................... 212 0.377 151.7 132.6 – 14.8 -0.2 24.3 -12.6

Manufacturing..................................... 91.330 122.7 122.5 -2.8 0.2 -0.5 0.1 -0.2

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.465 139.8 139.7 1.1 0.4 -0.2 0.7 -0.1

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.302 191.4 190.6 1.5 1.1 -0.3 1.5 -0.4

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.172 139.7 140.0 4.2 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.2

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.215 119.5 119.6 2.4 -0.1 -0.2 0.3 0.1

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.357 125.9 126.2 -1.1 -0.3 -0.3 0.0 0.2

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 19.962 144.0 142.7 -10.4 -0.4 -1.3 0.1 -0.9

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 0.964 122.5 122.7 2.2 -0.9 -1.3 -1.7 0.2

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 3.060 141.9 132.9 -28.9 -0.1 -5.2 3.1 -6.3

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 11.170 151.9 151.7 -6.3 -1.2 -0.8 -0.1 -0.1

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.632 133.7 134.8 1.7 0.9 0.3 0.0 0.8

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 1.058 144.1 144.9 2.5 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.6

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 59.903 113.0 113.1 -0.7 0.4 -0.4 0.0 0.1

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.949 231.2 231.4 -9.8 1.7 -3.0 0.4 0.1

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.331 149.8 149.4 -2.7 -0.3 0.1 0.3 -0.3

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 7.682 131.4 131.8 3.8 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.3

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 16.785 73.1 72.9 -1.5 0.0 -0.4 -0.5 -0.3

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 5.956 127.5 127.8 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 12.973 116.7 117.1 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 2.004 128.8 129.2 1.9 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 0.3

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 6.223 127.9 128.4 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.4

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: May 2022 to May 2023

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Apr.

20231

Index Percent change

Apr.

2023

May

2023

Annual Monthly

May

2022 to

May

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Apr.

2023 to

May

2023

Nonmanufacturing................................ 15.271 185.2 171.1 -31.3 -0.8 -2.6 -0.2 -7.6

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 5.652 217.0 209.0 -15.7 1.3 -3.0 0.2 -3.7

Crop production............................... 111 5.336 230.8 222.3 -15.7 1.3 -3.1 0.3 -3.7

Mining............................................ 21 9.619 112.0 100.9 -38.7 -1.9 -2.5 -0.4 -9.9

Oil and gas extraction (Dec. 2021=100). .. 211 8.072 97.0 86.7 -41.3 -2.4 -3.3 -0.8 -10.6

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.547 159.9 150.1 -20.6 1.3 2.1 2.2 -6.1

Manufacturing..................................... 83.013 135.2 134.0 -5.2 0.5 0.1 -0.1 -0.9

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.943 175.8 174.7 -2.2 0.3 -0.8 0.2 -0.6

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 5.128 207.0 205.6 -2.8 0.2 -1.1 0.2 -0.7

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.548 150.4 148.4 2.9 2.7 0.0 0.7 -1.3

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 26.420 140.0 136.2 -16.2 0.4 0.4 -0.8 -2.7

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.417 120.3 122.6 -14.6 0.5 1.6 0.3 1.9

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.591 150.5 147.0 0.8 -0.2 -2.4 -3.1 -2.3

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 6.932 160.9 143.3 -37.6 0.1 0.9 -2.2 -10.9

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 14.302 135.2 135.9 -6.3 0.8 0.4 0.0 0.5

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.240 132.9 133.4 3.0 -0.6 0.2 -0.4 0.4

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.748 130.7 130.7 -3.2 0.8 0.1 -0.1 0.0

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 49.650 128.9 128.9 1.5 0.6 -0.1 0.4 0.0

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.368 209.7 208.7 -9.5 1.9 -3.1 3.0 -0.5

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 9.369 149.0 149.2 5.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.1

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 12.694 83.6 83.6 -1.5 0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.519 135.5 135.6 4.8 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 11.852 142.6 142.7 4.0 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 4.856 138.1 138.7 4.8 1.3 0.9 0.2 0.4

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2022 to May

2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Apr.

20231

Index Percent change

Apr.

2023

May

2023

Annual Monthly

May

2022 to

May

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Apr.

2023 to

May

2023

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.593 240.8 235.8 -4.0 4.7 -0.3 1.5 -2.1

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.396 315.3 321.1 -6.6 0.5 1.0 4.9 1.8

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.826 159.9 156.6 -10.1 2.4 1.0 -3.1 -2.1

Vegetable products............................... II 2.201 253.6 249.2 -1.8 1.8 -3.7 0.8 -1.7

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.502 451.5 472.1 6.6 -6.8 -1.8 -3.4 4.6

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.805 128.2 121.1 -6.6 4.7 -4.2 1.8 -5.5

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.393 304.9 306.1 -3.7 1.8 0.4 -0.3 0.4

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.384 148.2 146.3 -7.3 -2.5 -2.9 1.2 -1.3

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.358 195.0 195.2 5.1 0.6 0.6 -0.1 0.1

Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec.

2021=100)..................................... 17 0.212 113.8 114.5 10.0 1.9 0.8 1.0 0.6

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.245 121.8 118.3 15.6 0.0 2.1 5.3 -2.9

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2022=100)..................................... 21 0.382 95.4 95.4 – 0.0 0.0 -4.6 0.0

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.106 153.4 153.8 3.9 0.8 0.9 0.3 0.3

Mineral products.................................. V 9.297 293.4 273.0 -34.4 -5.0 -4.4 5.0 -7.0

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 8.847 283.0 263.8 -35.9 -5.6 -4.6 4.4 -6.8

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 10.608 173.1 173.3 -3.5 -0.3 -1.0 -0.2 0.1

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.627 518.6 519.1 -6.2 -2.3 -3.0 -1.1 0.1

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.403 146.1 146.4 -3.7 0.1 -1.3 -0.2 0.2

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 5.254 148.3 148.3 -0.4 0.7 0.0 0.3 0.0

Fertilizers (Dec. 2022=100).................... 31 0.375 70.4 68.1 – -15.7 -9.9 -5.8 -3.3

Tanning extracts; dye, pigments, varnish,

paints & putty (Dec. 2022=100)............. 32 0.202 100.7 102.9 – 2.5 -1.1 -1.4 2.2

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.836 121.6 122.8 4.1 0.7 -0.9 -0.2 1.0

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 4.160 158.5 158.5 -2.1 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.0

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.721 158.9 158.2 -4.4 0.0 1.1 0.3 -0.4

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.439 161.0 162.2 2.8 1.3 0.0 0.6 0.7

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 0.954 127.7 128.0 0.5 -0.8 -1.1 -2.8 0.2

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 4.427 121.0 121.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.216 127.7 127.5 1.4 -0.2 0.1 0.2 -0.2

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.190 125.7 126.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.1 0.3

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 0.941 122.3 122.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.4 0.0 0.4

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.928 137.1 137.9 2.6 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.6

Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

or mica (Dec. 2020=100).................... 68 0.343 102.8 102.9 1.9 1.2 0.3 0.2 0.1

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2021=100)....... 70 0.322 106.3 107.1 5.2 0.9 0.7 1.9 0.8

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 3.319 234.1 238.1 -0.8 0.6 -4.4 2.6 1.7

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2022 to May

2023 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Apr.

20231

Index Percent change

Apr.

2023

May

2023

Annual Monthly

May

2022 to

May

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Apr.

2023 to

May

2023

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 6.357 238.1 235.9 -10.0 1.1 -0.2 -0.7 -0.9

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.890 207.6 206.2 -3.0 0.3 0.4 0.1 -0.7

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.550 388.8 378.0 -7.3 4.7 -0.3 -1.4 -2.8

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 1.068 192.1 186.9 -16.3 2.4 -2.7 -0.6 -2.7

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.444 132.1 131.7 0.8 0.3 0.4 -0.1 -0.3

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.547 148.8 148.3 -2.4 -0.7 -0.1 -1.3 -0.3

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 29.872 82.7 82.7 0.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.0

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 15.201 89.6 89.7 0.4 0.3 -0.2 -0.4 0.1

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 14.671 76.3 76.2 -0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 10.801 121.3 121.7 2.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.3

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 10.176 120.3 120.7 1.9 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.3

Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec.

2020=100)..................................... 88 0.514 108.4 108.4 5.4 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 4.128 107.8 108.1 2.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.3

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.844 103.6 103.8 2.2 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.2

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.828 120.2 120.1 1.6 0.4 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.751 127.8 127.6 1.0 0.2 -0.2 0.2 -0.2

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.778 106.3 106.3 1.3 0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.0

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.300 147.3 147.3 9.2 5.2 0.2 0.4 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2022 to May

2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Apr.

20231

Index Percent change

Apr.

2023

May

2023

Annual Monthly

May

2022 to

May

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Apr.

2023 to

May

2023

Live animals; animal products................. I 2.073 264.0 262.5 -11.0 -1.3 -1.9 -0.3 -0.6

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.255 215.2 218.6 -7.4 -1.4 1.8 1.7 1.6

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2022=100).............. 03 0.250 88.8 87.2 – -1.3 -4.4 -5.3 -1.8

Vegetable products............................... II 5.425 289.2 277.7 -13.0 2.1 -2.9 0.6 -4.0

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.825 138.9 143.7 -1.3 -0.3 0.6 0.8 3.5

Cereals............................................ 10 1.991 325.8 302.8 -21.7 1.2 -4.7 1.4 -7.1

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 2.094 309.3 298.2 -12.0 1.2 -2.5 -0.6 -3.6

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.038 189.4 189.0 3.1 0.3 -0.4 0.6 -0.2

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.667 117.2 117.7 9.3 1.6 0.4 0.0 0.4

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.467 109.3 109.5 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.2

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.811 322.8 318.2 -5.7 0.9 -3.1 1.8 -1.4

Mineral products.................................. V 16.598 302.0 270.8 -38.1 -1.2 -1.1 -1.1 -10.3

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.543 146.3 142.6 -9.2 3.2 0.1 2.2 -2.5

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 15.837 288.8 257.7 -39.3 -1.3 -1.2 -1.2 -10.8

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 12.760 163.5 165.3 -0.5 1.0 -0.1 -0.2 1.1

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 4.346 107.9 108.3 0.7 0.5 0.0 0.7 0.4

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.854 149.3 149.6 6.7 1.1 -0.1 1.4 0.2

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.465 136.3 136.3 3.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 2.253 192.3 193.2 2.4 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.5

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 4.565 159.9 159.6 -10.0 0.1 0.9 -0.3 -0.2

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 3.781 157.6 157.2 -11.7 0.1 1.0 -0.3 -0.3

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.784 168.6 168.9 1.4 0.2 0.2 -0.3 0.2

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.488 113.0 114.4 -19.0 0.4 1.5 -1.2 1.2

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.725 148.8 145.0 -4.7 1.2 -2.9 -3.0 -2.6

Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec.

2019=100)..................................... 47 0.515 156.1 145.8 -17.3 3.9 -1.3 -12.0 -6.6

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.974 148.7 146.9 2.4 -0.4 -4.6 1.8 -1.2

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.512 161.4 159.2 -26.0 -1.7 -3.8 -1.9 -1.4

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.730 146.2 146.2 -0.5 0.6 0.0 0.2 0.0

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)....... 70 0.447 110.9 110.9 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 4.681 324.6 325.5 -4.2 1.2 -3.1 3.2 0.3

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.537 214.5 212.5 -5.8 1.8 0.9 -0.1 -0.9

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.602 271.2 263.4 -6.7 7.5 -4.9 1.3 -2.9

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.679 148.2 147.7 -10.5 1.5 -0.3 -1.3 -0.3

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: May 2022 to May

2023 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Apr.

20231

Index Percent change

Apr.

2023

May

2023

Annual Monthly

May

2022 to

May

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Apr.

2023 to

May

2023

Miscellaneous articles of base metal (Dec.

2022=100)..................................... 83 0.313 101.4 101.4 – -1.5 2.7 0.0 0.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 25.562 106.4 106.5 2.4 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.1

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 14.790 129.5 129.7 4.0 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.2

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 10.772 82.1 82.2 0.4 0.4 -0.2 -0.4 0.1

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 8.946 150.0 150.2 2.5 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.1

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 6.740 124.8 124.9 1.4 -0.2 0.1 -0.4 0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 5.516 116.9 117.0 2.6 0.3 1.2 0.3 0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.200 136.7 136.7 6.2 0.2 -0.3 0.4 0.0

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi.......................... 94 0.573 149.9 149.9 -0.2 0.0 -0.5 0.8 0.0

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.483 117.9 118.3 18.8 0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: May 2022 to May 2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Apr.

20231

Index Percent change

Apr.

2023

May

2023

Annual Monthly

May

2022 to

May

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Apr.

2023 to

May

2023

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 145.0 143.8 -8.4 -1.2 -0.8 0.8 -0.8

Nonmanufacturing........................... 10.879 244.9 227.7 -37.7 -9.7 -2.3 4.8 -7.0

Manufacturing................................ 88.545 136.8 136.7 -2.7 -0.1 -0.6 0.3 -0.1

Canada.......................................... 100.000 173.2 168.1 -22.4 -4.0 -1.1 0.5 -2.9

Nonmanufacturing........................... 30.701 240.7 223.2 -39.0 -10.6 -2.3 5.0 -7.3

Manufacturing................................ 68.246 158.6 156.9 -12.0 -0.9 -0.8 -1.3 -1.1

European Union............................... 100.000 155.3 155.8 1.6 0.5 -0.4 0.5 0.3

Manufacturing................................ 99.142 151.0 151.6 2.2 0.5 -0.4 0.5 0.4

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 150.7 150.9 5.7 0.8 0.0 3.1 0.1

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 124.6 125.3 2.1 0.2 -1.0 -0.3 0.6

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 137.6 136.9 -0.9 -1.0 -0.9 2.2 -0.5

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 169.6 168.2 -4.5 0.4 -0.1 0.4 -0.8

Nonmanufacturing........................... 13.760 317.0 303.5 -22.6 0.8 -3.4 2.9 -4.3

Manufacturing................................ 85.937 137.6 137.3 -0.4 0.4 0.5 -0.1 -0.2

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 142.4 142.3 -1.5 0.1 -0.2 0.6 -0.1

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 8.215 154.6 153.9 -25.0 0.7 -2.8 4.3 -0.5

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 91.485 98.0 98.1 2.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4............... 100.000 103.2 103.2 -2.1 -0.1 -0.4 -0.4 0.0

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 102.7 102.5 -2.0 -0.1 -0.4 -0.5 -0.2

Japan............................................ 100.000 101.1 100.9 0.6 -0.2 -0.4 0.5 -0.2

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)...................... 100.000 110.7 109.5 -2.1 -0.3 0.1 -0.4 -1.1

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 95.9 95.0 -6.3 0.1 -0.4 -0.8 -0.9

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 103.2 102.1 -3.7 0.0 -0.3 -0.1 -1.1

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 219.9 212.8 -21.5 -0.5 -1.7 1.6 -3.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: May 2022 to May 2023

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Apr.

20231

Index Percent change

Apr.

2023

May

2023

Annual Monthly

May

2022 to

May

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Apr.

2023 to

May

2023

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 120.7 119.5 -6.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 -1.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 13.029 144.6 135.0 -28.8 1.2 -0.9 0.1 -6.6

Manufacturing................................ 85.145 118.1 117.8 -1.2 0.5 0.3 -0.2 -0.3

Canada.......................................... 100.000 128.6 127.5 -3.9 0.2 0.4 -0.5 -0.9

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100). . . . .. 7.723 136.1 128.2 -33.2 -0.1 -2.0 1.6 -5.8

Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)........... 90.529 120.2 119.7 0.0 0.2 0.7 -0.9 -0.4

European Union............................... 100.000 118.5 116.2 -7.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 -1.9

Nonmanufacturing........................... 16.170 144.9 129.4 -29.0 1.1 -0.8 4.7 -10.7

Manufacturing................................ 81.998 113.8 113.4 -1.0 0.0 0.3 0.4 -0.4

Germany........................................ 100.000 116.8 116.5 2.0 -0.2 0.0 1.1 -0.3

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 125.6 122.3 -18.0 -0.6 -0.4 -0.6 -2.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 9.373 145.2 134.1 -46.7 -8.5 -1.9 -3.7 -7.6

Manufacturing................................ 89.993 124.3 121.7 -13.4 0.2 -0.2 -0.3 -2.1

Mexico........................................... 100.000 125.3 122.8 -14.7 -0.9 0.2 -0.3 -2.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 8.028 123.5 115.6 -52.3 -13.9 -0.3 -5.9 -6.4

Manufacturing................................ 91.346 126.4 124.4 -8.9 0.5 0.2 0.2 -1.6

Pacific Rim4.................................... 100.000 116.6 114.3 -8.8 1.2 -0.7 0.3 -2.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 22.442 131.8 122.4 -26.8 3.4 -2.7 1.5 -7.1

Manufacturing................................ 76.333 114.4 113.8 -0.7 0.9 -0.1 0.0 -0.5

China............................................ 100.000 112.1 109.8 -11.5 1.7 -0.4 -0.3 -2.1

Nonmanufacturing........................... 29.195 120.0 112.8 -26.8 4.1 -1.8 1.4 -6.0

Manufacturing................................ 69.693 111.5 111.1 -2.0 0.7 0.3 -0.9 -0.4

Japan............................................ 100.000 116.5 113.9 -12.9 1.1 -1.1 -0.8 -2.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 26.947 140.8 130.1 -30.5 4.2 -1.8 -1.0 -7.6

Manufacturing................................ 71.819 109.7 109.3 -2.8 0.4 -0.5 -0.6 -0.4

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: May 2022 to May 20231

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

Apr.

2023

May

2023

Annual Monthly

May

2022 to

May

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Apr.

2023 to

May

2023

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 101.9 101.7 2.5 1.7 0.9 -0.8 -0.2

Canada.................................................. 97.6 99.7 23.9 4.4 1.5 -1.0 2.2

European Union...................................... 102.7 100.4 -8.5 -0.5 0.4 0.7 -2.2

Germany................................................ 107.9 107.0 -0.1 -0.4 1.0 1.4 -0.8

Latin America3

........................................ 110.3 108.3 -14.2 -1.0 -0.4 -0.9 -1.8

Mexico.................................................. 113.5 111.3 -13.4 -1.0 0.4 -1.0 -1.9

Pacific Rim4............................................ 111.2 109.0 -6.8 1.3 -0.3 0.7 -2.0

China.................................................... 109.3 107.2 -9.8 1.8 0.0 0.3 -1.9

Japan.................................................... 110.0 107.8 -13.3 1.3 -0.7 -1.3 -2.0

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: May 2022

to May 2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Apr.

20231

Index Percent change

Apr.

2023

May

2023

Annual Monthly

May

2022 to

May

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Apr.

2023 to

May

2023

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 238.1 227.4 -37.7 -4.6 -2.8 2.3 -4.5

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 28.235 219.9 225.3 -35.9 -0.6 -5.0 -14.6 2.5

Asia.................................................. 71.294 225.8 209.0 -39.2 -6.4 -2.0 11.1 -7.4

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 187.7 181.6 -15.4 2.6 -6.8 -0.8 -3.2

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 24.914 145.0 139.8 -22.5 -5.7 -1.5 -2.8 -3.6

Asia (Dec. 2011=100).............................. 53.092 147.7 142.1 -14.5 5.9 -8.7 -0.5 -3.8

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 169.5 167.5 -38.2 -4.2 -4.9 -1.2 -1.2

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 29.287 159.5 163.8 -28.7 -1.9 -2.7 -10.8 2.7

Asia.................................................. 58.372 151.6 147.1 -45.4 -5.2 -7.3 4.3 -3.0

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 184.5 176.4 -19.7 9.4 -7.6 -5.8 -4.4

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 28.305 174.7 170.8 -18.7 1.4 -3.9 -7.7 -2.2

Asia.................................................. 55.121 204.1 190.7 -20.3 16.2 -10.5 -5.4 -6.6

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 170.7 184.4 6.3 2.1 1.9 -5.4 8.0

Europe............................................... 44.817 189.3 216.7 10.7 -2.9 1.6 -2.3 14.5

Asia.................................................. 5.977 174.0 185.0 -6.6 -0.2 -1.5 3.6 6.3

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 17.814 167.3 151.4 20.2 10.3 5.7 -5.7 -9.5

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 191.8 181.2 0.4 -13.7 6.4 0.6 -5.5

Europe............................................... 18.820 210.8 223.1 4.0 -5.3 2.1 -1.9 5.8

Asia.................................................. 11.089 194.2 201.4 0.9 -14.4 -8.7 8.1 3.7

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 57.713 206.5 179.7 5.1 -18.3 12.4 1.6 -13.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

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TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
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Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at https://subscriptions.bls.gov/accounts/USDOLBLS/subscriber/new. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

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