For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, October 11, 2017 USDL-17-1366

Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – AUGUST 2017

The number of job openings was little changed at 6.1 million on the last business day of August, the

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires and separations were also little 

changed at 5.4 million and 5.2 million, respectively. Within separations, the quits rate and the layoffs 

and discharges rate were little changed at 2.1 percent and 1.2 percent, respectively. This release includes 

estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by 

industry and by four geographic regions.

Job Openings

On the last business day of August, there were 6.1 million job openings, little changed from July. The 

job openings rate was 4.0 percent in August. The number of job openings was little changed for total 

private and for government. Job openings increased in health care and social assistance (+71,000) and in 

durable goods manufacturing (+31,000). Job openings decreased in other services (-95,000), educational 

services (-51,000), and nondurable goods manufacturing (-48,000). The number of job openings 

increased in the Midwest region. (See table 1.)

Hires

The number of hires was little changed at 5.4 million in August. The hires rate was 3.7 percent. The 

number of hires was little changed for total private and for government. The number of hires was little 

changed in all industries. Hires decreased in the Northeast region. (See table 2.)
- 2 -

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 

referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 

the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 

discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 

due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

The number of total separations was little changed at 5.2 million in August. The total separations rate 

was 3.6 percent. The number of total separations was little changed for total private and for government. 

Total separations was little changed in all industries. The number of total separations decreased in the 

South region. (See table 3.)

The number of quits was little changed at 3.1 million in August. The quits rate was 2.1 percent. The 

number of quits was little changed for total private and for government. Quits decreased in information

(-14,000) and mining and logging (-6,000). In the regions, the number of quits increased in the West but 

decreased in the South. (See table 4.)

There were 1.7 million layoffs and discharges in August, little changed from July. The layoffs and 

discharges rate was 1.2 percent in August. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed for

total private and for government. The layoffs and discharges level decreased in state and local

government education (-11,000) and federal government (-4,000). The number of layoffs and discharges

was little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations was little changed in August. Other separations was little changed for 

total private and for government. Other separations was also little changed in all industries and regions. 

(See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 

employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 

hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 

Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 

if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in August, hires totaled 63.8 million and 

separations totaled 61.7 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.1 million. These totals include 

workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for September 2017 are scheduled to be 

released on Tuesday, November 7, 2017 at 10:00 a.m. (EST).
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

LEVELS BY INDUSTRY

(in thousands)

Total................................................... 5,491 6,140 6,082 5,288 5,521 5,430 5,059 5,362 5,228

Total private....................................... 4,981 5,625 5,566 4,909 5,175 5,105 4,706 5,012 4,892

Mining and logging1............................ 12 24 24 30 35 36 28 29 28

Construction1................................... 184 237 247 339 354 387 330 367 350

Manufacturing.................................. 339 414 397 268 353 352 270 320 304

Durable goods1.............................. 185 207 238 145 205 212 156 181 178

Nondurable goods1

.......................... 154 207 159 123 148 140 114 139 125

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 997 1,074 1,096 1,089 1,023 1,019 1,020 1,015 995

Wholesale trade1............................ 169 230 203 167 145 143 155 150 140

Retail trade................................... 614 618 647 727 687 677 693 682 662

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 215 226 247 195 192 199 172 184 193

Information1

..................................... 87 93 107 74 77 73 70 87 79

Financial activities.............................. 332 362 363 188 206 213 179 200 212

Finance and insurance..................... 249 279 270 131 137 133 120 125 130

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 82 83 92 57 69 79 59 75 82

Professional and business services......... 1,036 1,088 1,078 1,104 1,200 1,135 1,036 1,127 1,062

Education and health services............... 1,049 1,164 1,184 644 669 653 600 616 636

Educational services1

....................... 89 144 93 94 88 89 87 79 82

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 960 1,020 1,091 550 581 564 514 537 554

Leisure and hospitality........................ 750 839 837 1,000 1,021 1,015 971 991 985

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 75 84 75 158 171 163 166 188 164

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 674 755 762 842 850 853 805 803 821

Other services1................................. 195 330 235 173 235 221 201 260 240

Government....................................... 511 515 516 378 346 325 353 351 336

Federal1

......................................... 85 83 72 41 38 35 37 41 36

State and local................................. 426 432 443 338 308 290 316 310 300

State and local education.................. 145 155 145 163 149 136 159 156 143

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 281 277 298 175 159 154 157 154 157

RATES BY INDUSTRY

(percent)

Total................................................... 3.7 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.6

Total private....................................... 3.9 4.3 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.1 3.8 4.0 3.9

Mining and logging1

............................ 1.8 3.2 3.2 4.5 5.0 5.0 4.3 4.0 3.9

Construction1

................................... 2.7 3.3 3.5 5.1 5.1 5.6 4.9 5.3 5.1

Manufacturing.................................. 2.7 3.2 3.1 2.2 2.8 2.8 2.2 2.6 2.4

Durable goods1

.............................. 2.3 2.6 3.0 1.9 2.6 2.7 2.0 2.3 2.3

Nondurable goods1.......................... 3.2 4.2 3.3 2.7 3.2 3.0 2.5 3.0 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities........... 3.5 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.6

Wholesale trade1

............................ 2.8 3.7 3.3 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.4

Retail trade................................... 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities1

..................................... 3.7 3.9 4.2 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.1 3.3 3.4

Information1

..................................... 3.0 3.3 3.8 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.5 3.2 2.9

Financial activities.............................. 3.8 4.1 4.1 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.5

Finance and insurance..................... 3.9 4.3 4.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . .. 3.7 3.6 4.0 2.6 3.1 3.6 2.8 3.4 3.7

Professional and business services......... 4.9 5.0 4.9 5.5 5.8 5.5 5.1 5.4 5.1

Education and health services............... 4.4 4.8 4.9 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.7

Educational services1

....................... 2.4 3.8 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . .. 4.8 5.0 5.3 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.8

Leisure and hospitality........................ 4.6 5.0 5.0 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . .. 3.3 3.6 3.2 7.0 7.5 7.1 7.4 8.3 7.2

Accommodation and food services. . . . . .. 4.8 5.2 5.3 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.0 5.9 6.0

Other services1

................................. 3.3 5.4 3.9 3.0 4.1 3.8 3.5 4.5 4.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued

Category

Job openings Hires Total separations

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Government....................................... 2.2 2.3 2.3 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5

Federal1

......................................... 2.9 2.9 2.5 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3

State and local................................. 2.1 2.2 2.2 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5

State and local education.................. 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.4

State and local, excluding education1

. . .. 3.0 2.9 3.2 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

1 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data

are identical.

p Preliminary
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job 

Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles 

JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm 

establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS 

concepts and methodology is available online at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government 

entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data 

are collected for total employment, job openings, hires, 

quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total 

separations.

Concepts

Industry classification. The industry classifications in 

this release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the 

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Employment. Employment includes persons on the 

payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period 

that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, 

and hourly employees are included, as are employees on 

paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners 

of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or 

persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire 

pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of 

temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, 

outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their 

employer of record, not by the establishment where they 

are working.

Job openings. Job openings information is collected for 

the last business day of the reference month. A job 

opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and 

there is work available for that position, 2) work could 

start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a 

suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively 

recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the 

position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, 

short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting 

means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a 

position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, 

posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or 

using other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, 

demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also 

excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in 

the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but 

have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by 

employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing 

companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job 

openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job 

openings by the sum of employment and job openings and 

multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to 

the payroll occurring at any time during the reference 

month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal 

employees, employees recalled to the location after a 

layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent 

employees who returned to work after having been 

formally separated, and transfers from other locations. 

The hires count does not include transfers or promotions 

within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, 

employees of temporary help agencies or employee 

leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. 

The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of 

hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 

100.

Separations. The separations level is the total number of 

employment terminations occurring at any time during the 

reference month, and is reported by type of separation—

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. 

(Some respondents are only able to report total 

separations.) The quits count includes voluntary 

separations by employees (except for retirements, which 

are reported as other separations). The layoffs and 

discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations 

initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no 

intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last 

more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 

downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for 

cause; terminations of permanent or short-term 

employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The 

other separations count includes retirements, transfers to 

other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. 

The separations count does not include transfers within 

the same location or employees on strike. The separations 

rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by 

employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The 

quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates 

are computed similarly.

Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs 

and discharges, other separations, and total separations 

are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual 

rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the 

Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average 

employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. 

This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 

12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual 

estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted 

data and are released with the January news release each 

year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings 

because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, 

measurement for the last business day of each month.
Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 

16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments. 

The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry 

sector, and establishment size class. The establishments 

are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million 

establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 

Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which

includes all employers subject to state unemployment 

insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the 

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees

program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or 

ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment 

estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS 

employment is used to adjust the levels for all other 

JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only 

be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the 

birth of an establishment until its appearance on the 

sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition, 

many of these new units may fail within the first year. 

Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the 

sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot 

capture job openings, hires, and separations from these 

units during their early existence. To compensate for the 

inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS 

has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and 

death activity from previous years. The estimates of job 

openings, hires, and separations produced by the 

birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates 

produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for 

openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several 

JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal 

filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is 

used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are 

calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and 

including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment 

includes both additive and multiplicative models and 

REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) 

modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at 

the beginning and end of the series and to detect and 

adjust for outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be 

used to derive a measure of net employment change. This 

change should be comparable to the net employment 

change from the much larger CES survey. However, 

definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors between the two surveys historically 

caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit 

the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS 

hires and separations series, BLS implemented the 

Monthly Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the 

seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend 

(hires minus separations) forcing them to be 

approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality 

of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally 

adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied 

employment change and the CES net employment change 

is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment 

change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment 

change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure 

adjusts the two components (hires, separations) 

proportionally to their contribution to the total churn 

(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and 

separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted 

data by reversing the application of the original seasonal 

factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been 

used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are 

computed from the adjusted levels. 

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and 

nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than 

the entire population, there is a chance that the sample 

estimates may differ from the "true" population values 

they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, 

varies depending on the particular sample selected, and 

this variability is measured by the standard error of the 

estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-

percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-

percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate 

based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 

standard errors from the "true" population value because 

of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available

at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling 

error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, 

including the failure to include a segment of the 

population, the inability to obtain data from all units in 

the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents 

to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by 

respondents, errors made in the collection or processing 

of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark 

data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Aug.

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Total............................................... 5,491 5,967 5,702 6,116 6,140 6,082 3.7 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.0

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,981 5,410 5,171 5,545 5,625 5,566 3.9 4.2 4.0 4.3 4.3 4.3

Mining and logging3

....................... 12 24 15 22 24 24 1.8 3.3 2.1 3.0 3.2 3.2

Construction3............................... 184 200 163 212 237 247 2.7 2.8 2.3 3.0 3.3 3.5

Manufacturing.............................. 339 365 350 419 414 397 2.7 2.9 2.7 3.3 3.2 3.1

Durable goods3

.......................... 185 207 201 232 207 238 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.9 2.6 3.0

Nondurable goods3

...................... 154 158 149 187 207 159 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.9 4.2 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 997 967 999 1,027 1,074 1,096 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.8

Wholesale trade3

........................ 169 210 185 229 230 203 2.8 3.4 3.0 3.7 3.7 3.3

Retail trade............................... 614 566 666 615 618 647 3.7 3.5 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.9

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 215 190 149 183 226 247 3.7 3.3 2.6 3.1 3.9 4.2

Information3................................. 87 109 88 102 93 107 3.0 3.8 3.1 3.6 3.3 3.8

Financial activities......................... 332 388 349 353 362 363 3.8 4.4 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1

Finance and insurance................. 249 283 266 285 279 270 3.9 4.3 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.1

Real estate and rental and leasing3

... 82 105 83 68 83 92 3.7 4.6 3.7 3.0 3.6 4.0

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,036 1,093 1,029 1,171 1,088 1,078 4.9 5.0 4.7 5.4 5.0 4.9

Education and health services........... 1,049 1,111 1,109 1,203 1,164 1,184 4.4 4.6 4.6 5.0 4.8 4.9

Educational services3

................... 89 91 99 92 144 93 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.5 3.8 2.5

Health care and social assistance. . .. 960 1,020 1,010 1,111 1,020 1,091 4.8 5.0 4.9 5.4 5.0 5.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 750 827 798 819 839 837 4.6 5.0 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.0

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 75 66 58 90 84 75 3.3 2.8 2.5 3.8 3.6 3.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 674 761 740 729 755 762 4.8 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.3

Other services3

............................. 195 327 270 218 330 235 3.3 5.4 4.5 3.7 5.4 3.9

Government................................... 511 557 531 571 515 516 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.3

Federal3

..................................... 85 93 118 101 83 72 2.9 3.2 4.0 3.5 2.9 2.5

State and local............................. 426 464 414 471 432 443 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.2

State and local education.............. 145 166 145 154 155 145 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4

State and local, excluding

education3

............................. 281 298 269 317 277 298 3.0 3.2 2.9 3.4 2.9 3.2

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 958 1,103 1,057 1,059 1,119 1,064 3.5 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.8

South........................................... 1,938 2,190 2,062 2,234 2,243 2,129 3.5 4.0 3.7 4.0 4.0 3.8

Midwest........................................ 1,242 1,424 1,296 1,467 1,378 1,550 3.7 4.2 3.8 4.3 4.1 4.5

West............................................ 1,354 1,250 1,288 1,356 1,400 1,339 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.9 4.0 3.8

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Aug.

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Total............................................... 5,288 5,043 5,459 5,432 5,521 5,430 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,909 4,720 5,126 5,102 5,175 5,105 4.0 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.1

Mining and logging......................... 30 32 38 33 35 36 4.5 4.5 5.4 4.6 5.0 5.0

Construction................................ 339 375 368 345 354 387 5.1 5.5 5.3 5.0 5.1 5.6

Manufacturing.............................. 268 314 329 324 353 352 2.2 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.8

Durable goods........................... 145 164 183 190 205 212 1.9 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7

Nondurable goods....................... 123 150 146 134 148 140 2.7 3.2 3.1 2.9 3.2 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,089 969 1,055 1,057 1,023 1,019 4.0 3.5 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.7

Wholesale trade......................... 167 116 126 134 145 143 2.8 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.4

Retail trade............................... 727 677 731 726 687 677 4.6 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.3 4.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 195 176 198 196 192 199 3.5 3.1 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5

Information.................................. 74 58 73 68 77 73 2.6 2.1 2.7 2.5 2.8 2.7

Financial activities......................... 188 185 220 205 206 213 2.3 2.2 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.5

Finance and insurance................. 131 119 145 132 137 133 2.1 1.9 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 57 66 75 74 69 79 2.6 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.6

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,104 1,006 1,168 1,191 1,200 1,135 5.5 4.9 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.5

Education and health services........... 644 614 670 644 669 653 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.8

Educational services.................... 94 97 101 76 88 89 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.1 2.4 2.5

Health care and social assistance. . .. 550 518 569 567 581 564 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9

Leisure and hospitality.................... 1,000 953 955 1,018 1,021 1,015 6.4 6.0 6.0 6.4 6.4 6.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 158 151 144 167 171 163 7.0 6.7 6.4 7.4 7.5 7.1

Accommodation and food services. .. 842 802 811 851 850 853 6.3 5.9 5.9 6.2 6.2 6.2

Other services.............................. 173 213 250 218 235 221 3.0 3.7 4.3 3.8 4.1 3.8

Government................................... 378 324 332 330 346 325 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5

Federal...................................... 41 34 29 28 38 35 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.2

State and local............................. 338 290 303 302 308 290 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5

State and local education.............. 163 140 146 141 149 136 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 175 150 157 160 159 154 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 878 888 1,017 902 894 787 3.3 3.3 3.8 3.3 3.3 2.9

South........................................... 2,022 1,963 2,109 2,118 2,105 2,161 3.8 3.7 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.0

Midwest........................................ 1,183 1,083 1,167 1,256 1,305 1,219 3.7 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.0 3.7

West............................................ 1,205 1,110 1,165 1,157 1,216 1,262 3.6 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.8

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Aug.

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Total............................................... 5,059 5,008 5,245 5,309 5,362 5,228 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.6

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 4,706 4,681 4,914 4,997 5,012 4,892 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9

Mining and logging......................... 28 23 31 25 29 28 4.3 3.3 4.3 3.5 4.0 3.9

Construction................................ 330 377 341 340 367 350 4.9 5.5 5.0 4.9 5.3 5.1

Manufacturing.............................. 270 317 325 315 320 304 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.4

Durable goods........................... 156 162 171 182 181 178 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3

Nondurable goods....................... 114 155 153 133 139 125 2.5 3.3 3.3 2.9 3.0 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 1,020 948 1,051 1,063 1,015 995 3.7 3.5 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.6

Wholesale trade......................... 155 116 116 131 150 140 2.6 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.4

Retail trade............................... 693 663 747 737 682 662 4.4 4.2 4.7 4.7 4.3 4.2

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 172 168 187 196 184 193 3.1 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.4

Information.................................. 70 74 79 67 87 79 2.5 2.7 2.9 2.4 3.2 2.9

Financial activities......................... 179 184 213 200 200 212 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5

Finance and insurance................. 120 110 132 130 125 130 1.9 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 59 74 81 70 75 82 2.8 3.4 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.7

Professional and business services. . . .. 1,036 1,001 1,116 1,182 1,127 1,062 5.1 4.9 5.4 5.7 5.4 5.1

Education and health services........... 600 594 625 619 616 636 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7

Educational services.................... 87 86 92 93 79 82 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.3

Health care and social assistance. . .. 514 508 532 526 537 554 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 971 943 942 980 991 985 6.2 5.9 5.9 6.1 6.2 6.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 166 133 137 170 188 164 7.4 5.9 6.1 7.5 8.3 7.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 805 810 804 809 803 821 6.0 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.0

Other services.............................. 201 220 192 206 260 240 3.5 3.8 3.3 3.6 4.5 4.2

Government................................... 353 328 331 312 351 336 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.5

Federal...................................... 37 34 26 31 41 36 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.3

State and local............................. 316 293 305 282 310 300 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.5

State and local education.............. 159 147 139 131 156 143 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 157 147 166 150 154 157 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7

REGION3

Northeast...................................... 829 808 839 865 886 869 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.2

South........................................... 1,973 1,992 2,190 2,164 2,173 1,984 3.7 3.7 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.7

Midwest........................................ 1,083 1,044 1,096 1,143 1,195 1,170 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.6

West............................................ 1,173 1,165 1,119 1,138 1,108 1,206 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.6

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Aug.

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Total............................................... 3,048 3,044 3,206 3,130 3,194 3,124 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 2,883 2,887 3,035 2,966 3,023 2,957 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4

Mining and logging......................... 13 11 14 15 18 12 1.9 1.6 2.0 2.1 2.5 1.7

Construction................................ 146 159 142 135 141 138 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0

Manufacturing.............................. 149 178 202 197 191 176 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4

Durable goods........................... 80 94 104 108 109 102 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3

Nondurable goods....................... 69 84 98 90 82 74 1.5 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 644 581 675 641 662 638 2.4 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.3

Wholesale trade......................... 98 72 72 74 91 87 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.5

Retail trade............................... 462 420 498 462 456 443 2.9 2.7 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.8

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 84 89 104 105 115 107 1.5 1.6 1.9 1.9 2.1 1.9

Information.................................. 37 37 31 37 58 44 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.4 2.1 1.6

Financial activities......................... 104 111 131 105 116 120 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.4

Finance and insurance................. 67 71 80 61 75 73 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 37 40 52 44 41 47 1.7 1.8 2.4 2.0 1.9 2.1

Professional and business services. . . .. 608 630 616 634 615 599 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9

Education and health services........... 377 402 421 422 391 409 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8

Educational services.................... 51 45 45 49 42 49 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.4

Health care and social assistance. . .. 327 357 376 373 349 360 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8

Leisure and hospitality.................... 660 667 690 648 666 669 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 70 77 67 63 66 64 3.1 3.4 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.8

Accommodation and food services. .. 589 590 623 585 601 606 4.4 4.3 4.6 4.3 4.4 4.4

Other services3

............................. 144 111 112 132 165 152 2.5 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.9 2.6

Government................................... 165 157 172 164 171 167 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7

Federal...................................... 13 14 11 14 14 14 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5

State and local............................. 152 143 160 151 157 153 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

State and local education.............. 76 75 78 76 81 78 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 76 67 83 75 75 75 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 437 446 472 458 445 448 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7

South........................................... 1,225 1,220 1,311 1,281 1,372 1,236 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.3

Midwest........................................ 664 639 691 661 700 678 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1

West............................................ 722 740 733 730 677 762 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.3

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Aug.

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Total............................................... 1,660 1,605 1,673 1,806 1,789 1,729 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 1,532 1,500 1,577 1,713 1,667 1,621 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3

Mining and logging3

....................... 12 9 13 7 8 13 1.8 1.3 1.9 1.0 1.2 1.8

Construction................................ 168 207 187 194 215 201 2.5 3.0 2.7 2.8 3.1 2.9

Manufacturing.............................. 104 117 103 95 109 105 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8

Durable goods........................... 65 55 59 61 60 66 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Nondurable goods....................... 38 63 44 34 50 39 0.8 1.3 1.0 0.7 1.1 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 292 282 283 317 275 294 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.1

Wholesale trade3

........................ 44 33 36 32 48 43 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.7

Retail trade............................... 176 183 184 208 171 179 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.1

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities.................................. 72 66 63 77 56 71 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.3

Information.................................. 23 24 33 25 22 28 0.8 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.8 1.0

Financial activities......................... 50 45 51 63 62 61 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7

Finance and insurance................. 31 19 25 42 31 30 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing. .. 18 25 26 22 31 31 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.4

Professional and business services. . . .. 372 315 440 488 436 393 1.8 1.5 2.1 2.4 2.1 1.9

Education and health services........... 183 158 168 153 170 168 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Educational services.................... 27 37 40 34 29 24 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7

Health care and social assistance. . .. 155 121 129 119 141 144 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7

Leisure and hospitality.................... 275 247 222 309 289 289 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.9 1.8 1.8

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. .. 90 54 67 106 119 95 4.0 2.4 3.0 4.7 5.2 4.2

Accommodation and food services. .. 186 194 155 203 170 194 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.4

Other services.............................. 54 96 76 62 81 68 0.9 1.7 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.2

Government................................... 128 104 97 93 122 108 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Federal...................................... 13 11 9 8 17 13 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.5

State and local............................. 114 94 88 85 105 95 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5

State and local education.............. 62 42 37 33 51 40 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 52 52 51 52 54 55 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 324 295 303 345 360 356 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3

South........................................... 598 646 751 730 676 608 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.1

Midwest........................................ 353 333 321 408 421 413 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.3

West............................................ 385 331 298 322 333 352 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Aug.

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

June

2017

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Total............................................... 350 359 365 373 379 376 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private................................... 291 293 303 318 321 315 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Mining and logging......................... 4 3 3 3 2 3 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3

Construction3

............................... 16 11 13 12 11 11 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing.............................. 17 21 19 23 20 22 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Durable goods........................... 11 13 8 13 12 11 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods3...................... 6 8 11 10 8 12 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . .. 83 84 93 105 78 64 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 12 11 8 25 10 9 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.2

Retail trade............................... 55 60 65 67 55 40 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and

utilities3

................................. 16 13 20 14 13 15 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

Information3................................. 9 13 15 5 7 8 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.3

Financial activities......................... 25 28 30 32 23 32 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4

Finance and insurance................. 21 20 27 27 19 27 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing3... 4 8 3 4 3 5 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Professional and business services. . . .. 57 57 60 60 75 70 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3

Education and health services........... 41 34 36 44 55 59 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Educational services3................... 9 4 8 10 9 9 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3

Health care and social assistance3

. .. 32 30 28 34 47 50 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 36 29 29 22 36 27 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation3

... 6 3 3 2 4 5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Accommodation and food services3... 30 26 26 21 33 22 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services3............................. 2 13 4 12 13 20 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4

Government................................... 60 66 63 55 58 61 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

Federal...................................... 10 9 6 8 9 9 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local............................. 50 57 57 46 49 52 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

State and local education.............. 22 29 24 23 24 25 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

State and local, excluding

education.............................. 28 28 33 23 24 27 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION4

Northeast...................................... 68 67 65 61 81 65 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

South........................................... 151 126 128 154 126 140 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3

Midwest........................................ 66 72 84 73 74 79 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

West............................................ 66 94 88 85 98 92 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

series.

4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 5,581 6,434 6,200 3.7 4.2 4.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,039 5,873 5,658 3.9 4.5 4.3

Mining and logging............................................... 12 24 24 1.7 3.2 3.1

Construction....................................................... 184 237 247 2.6 3.2 3.3

Manufacturing..................................................... 339 414 397 2.7 3.2 3.1

Durable goods.................................................. 185 207 238 2.3 2.6 2.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 154 207 159 3.2 4.2 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,048 1,157 1,163 3.7 4.1 4.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 169 230 203 2.8 3.7 3.3

Retail trade..................................................... 665 701 714 4.0 4.2 4.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 215 226 247 3.7 3.9 4.2

Information........................................................ 87 93 107 3.0 3.3 3.8

Financial activities................................................ 323 372 351 3.7 4.2 4.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 240 289 259 3.7 4.4 4.0

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 82 83 92 3.6 3.6 3.9

Professional and business services............................ 1,025 1,121 1,062 4.8 5.1 4.8

Education and health services.................................. 1,033 1,226 1,182 4.4 5.1 4.9

Educational services.......................................... 89 144 93 2.7 4.2 2.7

Health care and social assistance........................... 944 1,082 1,089 4.7 5.3 5.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 794 899 891 4.6 5.1 5.1

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 83 82 82 3.2 3.0 3.1

Accommodation and food services.......................... 711 818 810 4.9 5.5 5.4

Other services.................................................... 195 330 235 3.3 5.4 3.9

Government.......................................................... 541 561 542 2.5 2.6 2.5

Federal............................................................. 85 83 72 2.9 2.9 2.5

State and local.................................................... 457 478 470 2.4 2.6 2.5

State and local education..................................... 176 202 172 1.9 2.2 1.9

State and local, excluding education........................ 281 277 298 2.9 2.9 3.1

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,010 1,162 1,121 3.7 4.1 4.0

South................................................................. 1,931 2,378 2,102 3.5 4.3 3.8

Midwest............................................................... 1,265 1,425 1,594 3.8 4.2 4.7

West.................................................................. 1,374 1,470 1,384 4.0 4.2 4.0

1

Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.

2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 5,894 5,999 6,017 4.1 4.1 4.1

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,225 5,622 5,454 4.2 4.5 4.4

Mining and logging............................................... 31 37 39 4.6 5.1 5.4

Construction....................................................... 334 416 391 4.8 5.8 5.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 291 396 387 2.3 3.2 3.1

Durable goods.................................................. 154 224 232 2.0 2.9 3.0

Nondurable goods............................................. 137 172 155 2.9 3.6 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,120 1,032 1,038 4.1 3.8 3.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 167 166 147 2.8 2.8 2.5

Retail trade..................................................... 761 677 694 4.8 4.3 4.4

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 192 189 196 3.5 3.4 3.5

Information........................................................ 74 83 73 2.7 3.0 2.7

Financial activities................................................ 190 230 218 2.3 2.7 2.6

Finance and insurance........................................ 131 158 134 2.1 2.5 2.1

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 58 72 84 2.6 3.2 3.7

Professional and business services............................ 1,131 1,265 1,164 5.6 6.1 5.6

Education and health services.................................. 823 773 836 3.7 3.4 3.7

Educational services.......................................... 181 109 176 5.6 3.3 5.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 642 664 660 3.4 3.4 3.4

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,073 1,106 1,102 6.6 6.6 6.6

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 125 183 133 4.9 6.9 5.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 948 923 969 6.9 6.5 6.9

Other services.................................................... 160 284 206 2.8 4.9 3.5

Government.......................................................... 668 377 562 3.2 1.8 2.7

Federal............................................................. 39 35 35 1.4 1.2 1.2

State and local.................................................... 630 343 528 3.4 1.9 2.9

State and local education..................................... 458 155 377 5.0 1.8 4.2

State and local, excluding education........................ 171 187 150 1.8 2.0 1.6

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 930 988 821 3.5 3.7 3.0

South................................................................. 2,340 2,283 2,482 4.4 4.3 4.6

Midwest............................................................... 1,310 1,353 1,337 4.1 4.2 4.1

West.................................................................. 1,314 1,375 1,376 4.0 4.1 4.1

1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.

2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 6,071 5,756 6,246 4.2 3.9 4.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 5,558 5,316 5,749 4.5 4.2 4.6

Mining and logging............................................... 31 31 31 4.7 4.3 4.2

Construction....................................................... 374 385 390 5.4 5.4 5.4

Manufacturing..................................................... 340 342 377 2.7 2.7 3.0

Durable goods.................................................. 195 204 224 2.5 2.6 2.9

Nondurable goods............................................. 145 138 153 3.1 2.9 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 1,157 1,049 1,118 4.2 3.8 4.1

Wholesale trade................................................ 171 162 156 2.9 2.7 2.6

Retail trade..................................................... 810 694 758 5.1 4.4 4.8

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 177 194 204 3.2 3.5 3.7

Information........................................................ 78 95 89 2.8 3.5 3.3

Financial activities................................................ 216 200 256 2.6 2.3 3.0

Finance and insurance........................................ 155 123 169 2.5 2.0 2.7

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 61 78 86 2.8 3.5 3.8

Professional and business services............................ 1,148 1,181 1,159 5.6 5.7 5.5

Education and health services.................................. 735 727 778 3.3 3.2 3.4

Educational services.......................................... 134 111 127 4.1 3.3 3.8

Health care and social assistance........................... 601 616 652 3.1 3.2 3.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 1,253 1,033 1,281 7.7 6.2 7.7

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 243 150 248 9.6 5.7 9.6

Accommodation and food services.......................... 1,010 883 1,033 7.3 6.3 7.3

Other services.................................................... 225 272 270 3.9 4.7 4.6

Government.......................................................... 513 439 497 2.4 2.1 2.3

Federal............................................................. 41 35 40 1.5 1.2 1.4

State and local.................................................... 472 405 457 2.6 2.2 2.5

State and local education..................................... 229 245 211 2.5 2.8 2.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 243 160 246 2.6 1.7 2.6

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 1,051 952 1,101 3.9 3.5 4.1

South................................................................. 2,382 2,371 2,347 4.5 4.4 4.4

Midwest............................................................... 1,324 1,226 1,424 4.1 3.8 4.4

West.................................................................. 1,314 1,208 1,373 4.0 3.6 4.1

1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.

2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 3,863 3,643 3,936 2.7 2.5 2.7

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 3,603 3,423 3,676 2.9 2.7 2.9

Mining and logging............................................... 16 21 15 2.4 2.9 2.1

Construction....................................................... 195 178 183 2.8 2.5 2.5

Manufacturing..................................................... 204 222 236 1.6 1.8 1.9

Durable goods.................................................. 106 131 134 1.4 1.7 1.7

Nondurable goods............................................. 98 91 102 2.1 1.9 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 795 712 778 2.9 2.6 2.8

Wholesale trade................................................ 112 101 103 1.9 1.7 1.7

Retail trade..................................................... 583 476 549 3.7 3.0 3.5

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 100 134 127 1.8 2.4 2.3

Information........................................................ 48 65 56 1.7 2.4 2.1

Financial activities................................................ 127 122 145 1.5 1.4 1.7

Finance and insurance........................................ 90 81 98 1.4 1.3 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 37 41 47 1.7 1.8 2.1

Professional and business services............................ 722 694 713 3.6 3.3 3.4

Education and health services.................................. 473 463 509 2.1 2.0 2.2

Educational services.......................................... 83 59 83 2.6 1.8 2.5

Health care and social assistance........................... 390 403 426 2.0 2.1 2.2

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 877 781 889 5.4 4.7 5.3

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 129 84 115 5.1 3.2 4.5

Accommodation and food services.......................... 749 697 775 5.4 4.9 5.5

Other services.................................................... 144 165 152 2.5 2.8 2.6

Government.......................................................... 260 220 260 1.2 1.0 1.2

Federal............................................................. 19 14 19 0.7 0.5 0.7

State and local.................................................... 241 206 241 1.3 1.1 1.3

State and local education..................................... 126 120 131 1.4 1.4 1.5

State and local, excluding education........................ 115 86 110 1.2 0.9 1.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 586 509 601 2.2 1.9 2.2

South................................................................. 1,544 1,578 1,534 2.9 3.0 2.9

Midwest............................................................... 874 787 886 2.7 2.4 2.7

West.................................................................. 858 768 914 2.6 2.3 2.7

1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.

2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 1,840 1,717 1,916 1.3 1.2 1.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 1,650 1,573 1,745 1.3 1.3 1.4

Mining and logging............................................... 12 8 13 1.7 1.2 1.8

Construction....................................................... 163 196 197 2.3 2.7 2.7

Manufacturing..................................................... 118 99 120 1.0 0.8 1.0

Durable goods.................................................. 77 60 80 1.0 0.8 1.0

Nondurable goods............................................. 41 39 40 0.9 0.8 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 267 249 269 1.0 0.9 1.0

Wholesale trade................................................ 44 48 43 0.8 0.8 0.7

Retail trade..................................................... 161 154 163 1.0 1.0 1.0

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 61 47 63 1.1 0.8 1.1

Information........................................................ 21 22 25 0.8 0.8 0.9

Financial activities................................................ 62 61 75 0.7 0.7 0.9

Finance and insurance........................................ 42 28 40 0.7 0.4 0.6

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 20 33 35 0.9 1.5 1.6

Professional and business services............................ 369 418 374 1.8 2.0 1.8

Education and health services.................................. 220 209 209 1.0 0.9 0.9

Educational services.......................................... 42 43 34 1.3 1.3 1.0

Health care and social assistance........................... 179 166 176 0.9 0.9 0.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 339 215 365 2.1 1.3 2.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 108 62 129 4.3 2.3 5.0

Accommodation and food services.......................... 231 154 236 1.7 1.1 1.7

Other services.................................................... 79 94 98 1.4 1.6 1.7

Government.......................................................... 190 144 170 0.9 0.7 0.8

Federal............................................................. 12 12 12 0.4 0.4 0.4

State and local.................................................... 178 132 158 1.0 0.7 0.9

State and local education..................................... 78 87 50 0.9 1.0 0.6

State and local, excluding education........................ 100 45 108 1.1 0.5 1.2

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 396 354 434 1.5 1.3 1.6

South................................................................. 678 663 665 1.3 1.2 1.2

Midwest............................................................... 376 364 449 1.2 1.1 1.4

West.................................................................. 389 337 367 1.2 1.0 1.1

1

Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.

2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1

Industry and region

Levels (in thousands) Rates2

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Aug.

2016

July

2017

Aug.

2017p

Total..................................................................... 369 396 394 0.3 0.3 0.3

INDUSTRY

Total private.......................................................... 306 320 327 0.2 0.3 0.3

Mining and logging............................................... 3 2 2 0.5 0.3 0.3

Construction....................................................... 16 11 11 0.2 0.2 0.2

Manufacturing..................................................... 18 21 22 0.1 0.2 0.2

Durable goods.................................................. 11 13 10 0.1 0.2 0.1

Nondurable goods............................................. 6 8 12 0.1 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................. 96 88 71 0.4 0.3 0.3

Wholesale trade................................................ 15 12 10 0.2 0.2 0.2

Retail trade..................................................... 65 63 47 0.4 0.4 0.3

Transportation, warehousing, and utilities.................. 16 13 15 0.3 0.2 0.3

Information........................................................ 9 7 8 0.3 0.3 0.3

Financial activities................................................ 27 17 36 0.3 0.2 0.4

Finance and insurance........................................ 24 14 31 0.4 0.2 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing.......................... 4 3 5 0.2 0.1 0.2

Professional and business services............................ 57 69 72 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services.................................. 41 55 59 0.2 0.2 0.3

Educational services.......................................... 9 9 9 0.3 0.3 0.3

Health care and social assistance........................... 32 47 50 0.2 0.2 0.3

Leisure and hospitality........................................... 36 36 27 0.2 0.2 0.2

Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......................... 6 4 5 0.2 0.1 0.2

Accommodation and food services.......................... 30 33 22 0.2 0.2 0.2

Other services.................................................... 2 13 20 0.0 0.2 0.4

Government.......................................................... 63 75 66 0.3 0.4 0.3

Federal............................................................. 10 9 9 0.3 0.3 0.3

State and local.................................................... 53 67 58 0.3 0.4 0.3

State and local education..................................... 25 39 29 0.3 0.4 0.3

State and local, excluding education........................ 29 28 28 0.3 0.3 0.3

REGION3

Northeast............................................................. 69 89 65 0.3 0.3 0.2

South................................................................. 159 129 149 0.3 0.2 0.3

Midwest............................................................... 74 75 88 0.2 0.2 0.3

West.................................................................. 67 103 92 0.2 0.3 0.3

1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.

2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.

3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New

Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,

Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:

Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,

California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.