U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – DECEMBER 2020 

U.S. import prices advanced 0.9 percent in December, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today, 

following a 0.2-percent increase the previous month. Higher fuel and nonfuel prices both contributed to the 

December rise in import prices. Prices for U.S. exports also rose in December, advancing 1.1 percent, after 

increasing 0.7 percent in November. 

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: December 2019 – December 2020

Imports 

The price index for U.S. imports rose 0.9 percent in December, after advancing 0.2 percent from August to 

November. The December increase was the largest monthly advance since August. Import prices declined 

0.3 percent for the year ended in December. The last time the index rose on a 12-month basis was a 0.5-

percent increase in January 2020. (See table 1.) 

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on December 2020 Import and Export Price Index Data

The Bureau of Labor Statistics did not make changes to either the collection method or estimation 

methodology for the December release of U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes. Survey response rates for 

December were 5.3-percentage points lower than those in December 2019. A small number of indexes that 

are normally published were not published in December. Additional information is available at 

www.bls.gov/covid19/import-export-price-indexes-covid19-impacts-december-2020.htm. 

0.2 0.2

-0.7

-2.4 -2.6

0.7

1.3 1.2

0.9

0.2 -0.1 0.2

0.9 0.5 0.5

-1.3

-4.2

-6.8 -6.3

-4.0

-2.8

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-7.0

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-4.0

-3.0

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

Dec'19 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec'20

1-month percent change 12-month percent change

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until 

8:30 a.m. (ET) Thursday, January 14, 2021 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

USDL-21-0026
2

Fuel Imports: Import fuel prices rose 7.8 percent in December following a 4.8-percent increase in 

November. The December advance was the largest rise since a 15.2-percent increase in July 2020. In 

December, the advance was led by rising petroleum prices which more than offset lower natural gas prices. 

The price index for import petroleum rose 9.1 percent in December, after increasing 2.9 percent the previous 

month. In contrast, prices for natural gas fell 7.5 percent in December, after advancing 44.2 percent in 

November. Despite the recent increases, import fuel prices declined 19.5 percent in 2020, the largest 

calendar-year drop since the index fell 41.0 percent in 2015. In December, prices for petroleum decreased 

20.4 percent on a 12-month basis and natural gas prices decreased 0.2 percent. 

 

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for nonfuel imports rose 0.4 percent in December following a 0.2-

percent decrease the previous month. The December advance was driven by higher prices for nonfuel 

industrial supplies and materials and for consumer goods which more than offset declining foods, feeds, and 

beverages prices. Nonfuel import prices increased 1.9 percent in 2020, the largest calendar-year advance 

since the index rose 3.4 percent in 2011. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices advanced 2.3 

percent, after declining 0.3 percent in November. The December increase was led by higher prices for 

unfinished metals, chemicals, and lumber. 

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mostly unchanged in December. Consumer goods prices ticked 

up 0.1 percent following no change the previous month. Prices for capital goods and automotive vehicles 

were unchanged. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Prices for foods, feeds, and beverages decreased 0.2 percent in December 

following a 2.2-percent drop the previous month. The December decline was driven by a 7.6-percent 

decrease in vegetable prices. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories 
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Export Price Index: December 2019 – December 2020 

Exports 

U.S. export prices increased 1.1 percent in December, the largest 1-month advance since a 1.8-percent rise 

in June 2020. In December, higher agricultural and nonagricultural prices contributed to the increase in 

export prices. Prices for U.S. exports rose 0.2 percent from December 2019 to December 2020, the first 12-

month advance since January 2020. (See table 2.) 

Agricultural Exports: The price index for agricultural exports rose 0.6 percent in December following 3.5-

percent increases in November and October. In December, higher prices for soybeans more than offset 

declining prices for vegetables and dairy products. Prices for agricultural exports advanced 5.1 percent over 

the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year advance since the index rose 5.3 percent from June 2017 to 

June 2018. Higher soybean prices drove the increase in agricultural prices over the past year. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports advanced 1.3 percent in December, 

after increasing 0.3 percent in November. The December rise was the largest 1-month advance since the 

index increased 1.7 percent in June 2020. In December, the advance in export prices was led by higher 

prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials. Increasing prices for consumer goods, capital 

goods, automotive vehicles, and nonagricultural foods, feeds, and beverages also contributed to the overall 

advance. Despite the December increase, the price index for nonagricultural exports declined 0.2 percent 

over the past 12 months. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 

rose 3.4 percent in December following a 1.5-percent advance the previous month. The December advance 

was driven by an 8.9-percent increase in export fuel prices. 

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were up in December. Consumer goods prices advanced 0.4 percent, 

after decreasing 0.8 percent in November. The December rise was led by a 0.7-percent increase in 

medicinal, dental, and pharmaceutical preparatory materials. The price indexes for capital goods and 

automotive vehicles both ticked up 0.1 percent in December. 

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0.6

-1.2 -1.4

-3.5

0.0

1.8

1.0

0.5 0.6

0.2

0.7 1.1

-0.9

0.4

-1.4

-3.5

-7.0 -6.7

-4.5

-3.7

-2.7

-1.8 -1.7

-1.1

0.2

-8.0

-7.0

-6.0

-5.0

-4.0

-3.0

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

Dec'19 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec'20

1-month percent change 12-month percent change
4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality 

Imports by Locality of Origin: The price index for imports from China rose 0.3 percent in December, after 

advancing 0.2 percent the previous month. The December increase was the largest monthly advance since 

the index rose 0.3 percent in November 2017. Import prices from China increased 0.5 percent in 2020, the 

first calendar-year increase since the index advanced 3.6 percent in 2011. Prices for imports from Japan rose 

0.2 percent in December and have not recorded a monthly drop since July 2020. The price index for imports 

from Japan increased 0.4 percent for the year ended in December, the largest over-the-year advance since 

the index rose 0.4 percent in January 2020. Import prices from Canada also increased in December, 

advancing 3.7 percent, after edging down 0.1 percent in each of the previous 3 months. Prices for imports 

from the European Union rose 0.6 percent in December and import prices from Mexico ticked up 0.1 

percent for the same period. (See table 7.) 

Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China increased 1.8 percent in December following a 

1.7-percent advance in November. The December rise was the largest monthly increase since the index 

advanced 3.0 percent in June 2020. Prices for exports to China rose 3.6 percent from December 2019 to 

December 2020. The price index for exports to Japan increased 1.3 percent in December, the largest 1-

month advance since the index rose 4.4 percent in June 2020. Export prices to Japan increased 1.4 percent in 

2020. Prices for exports to Canada advanced 0.4 percent in December, after rising 1.1 percent the previous 

month. The price indexes for exports to the European Union and Mexico also increased in December, 

advancing 1.6 percent and 1.0 percent, respectively. (See table 8.) 

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 

the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade with China rose 

1.5 percent for the second consecutive month in December. The increases were the largest monthly 

advances since the index rose 3.0 percent in June 2020. The index for U.S. terms of trade with Japan 

increased 1.1 percent in December, after advancing 0.4 percent the previous month. The December increase 

was the largest 1-month advance since the index rose 4.1 percent in June 2020. In contrast, the U.S. terms of 

trade with Canada declined 3.2 percent in December. Higher import prices from Canada more than offset 

rising export prices to Canada. The index for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union increased 0.9 

percent in December following a 0.2-percent advance in November. The U.S. terms of trade with Mexico 

also rose in December, advancing 1.0 percent, after a 1.8-percent increase the previous month. (See table 9.) 

Import and Export Services 

Imports: Import air passenger fares advanced 3.9 percent in December following an 8.1-percent increase 

from August to November. In December, the increase was driven by higher Asian fares which more than 

offset lower European fares. Despite the recent advances, import air passenger fares fell 16.4 percent for the 

year ended in December. The price index for import air freight increased 6.2 percent in December and rose 

21.4 percent in the fourth quarter of 2020. Import air freight prices advanced 75.8 percent, the largest 

calendar-year increase since the index was first published in December 1990. (See table 10.) 

Exports: Export air passenger fares declined 9.5 percent in December, after increasing 14.5 percent in 

November. The December decline was the largest monthly drop since the index fell 11.6 percent in 

February 2017, and was led by a 24.5-percent decrease in Asian fares. Despite the December decline, export 

air passenger fares advanced 4.4 percent over the past 12 months. Export air freight prices rose 5.8 percent 

in December and 2.7 percent over the past year. The December increase was the largest monthly advance 

since the index rose 5.8 percent in May 2014. 

 

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for January 2021 are scheduled for release on Thursday, February 

18, 2021 at 8:30 a.m. (ET). 
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2019 to

December 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Nov.

20201

Index Percent change

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2019 to

Dec.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Sep.

2020 to

Oct.

2020

Oct.

2020 to

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2020 to

Dec.

2020

All commodities................................... 100.000 123.5 124.6 -0.3 0.2 -0.1 0.2 0.9

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 86.432 100.4 100.8 2.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.4

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 93.179 113.6 114.0 1.8 0.6 -0.1 0.0 0.4

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 92.542 117.4 117.9 1.9 0.5 0.0 -0.2 0.4

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 6.110 175.9 175.6 -1.2 1.1 -0.1 -2.2 -0.2

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 4.734 191.1 190.5 -1.3 1.3 -0.4 -2.8 -0.3

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.377 142.0 142.6 -0.5 0.2 1.2 -0.1 0.4

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 22.161 175.0 182.3 -3.0 0.1 -0.1 1.3 4.2

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 15.503 165.1 168.3 8.2 3.1 -0.1 0.9 1.9

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 14.720 185.0 189.3 8.9 2.6 0.3 -0.3 2.3

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 9.600 184.8 189.9 14.1 3.9 0.1 -0.7 2.8

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 5.740 140.5 141.3 -0.5 1.9 -0.5 3.5 0.6

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 7.458 158.6 171.0 -19.5 -4.7 -1.0 4.8 7.8

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 6.821 165.6 180.6 -20.4 -6.1 -0.2 2.9 9.1

Crude........................................ 10000 4.658 168.7 188.5 -19.3 -5.5 -0.2 4.5 11.7

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.536 147.8 138.2 0.4 19.8 -12.7 38.1 -6.5

Gas-natural.................................. 10110 0.477 139.4 129.0 -0.2 23.6 -14.7 44.2 -7.5

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.507 109.3 109.7 -1.6 -0.5 -0.5 1.1 0.4

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 4.597 153.4 155.9 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.5 1.6

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.824 171.9 177.2 23.7 10.7 1.6 -9.4 3.1

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 4.097 272.9 285.5 22.9 3.9 -0.2 2.5 4.6

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 1.860 162.3 163.4 3.7 0.6 -0.4 0.9 0.7

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.818 113.2 113.6 -0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.4 0.4

Capital goods................................... 2 28.962 88.4 88.4 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.669 121.3 121.4 0.9 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 22.900 80.3 80.2 1.0 0.1 -0.1 0.1 -0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 2.393 136.1 136.2 0.9 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 15.847 110.9 110.9 1.1 0.3 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 26.920 106.9 107.0 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.1

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 13.288 124.3 124.4 0.5 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.1

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 12.357 90.8 91.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.2

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 1.275 116.5 117.3 0.7 0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.7

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2019 to

December 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Nov.

20201

Index Percent change

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2019 to

Dec.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Sep.

2020 to

Oct.

2020

Oct.

2020 to

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2020 to

Dec.

2020

All commodities................................... 100.000 123.8 125.2 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.7 1.1

Agricultural commodities....................... 9.964 188.5 189.7 5.1 2.8 3.5 3.5 0.6

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 81.979 102.8 103.2 2.2 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.4

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 90.036 118.9 120.4 -0.2 0.3 -0.2 0.3 1.3

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 9.239 192.7 193.8 5.0 2.8 3.6 3.3 0.6

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 8.709 192.3 193.4 5.7 2.9 3.7 3.5 0.6

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.530 203.2 204.4 -5.8 1.1 2.6 0.4 0.6

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 31.535 144.0 148.8 -1.5 0.7 -0.4 1.6 3.3

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 11.511 183.0 184.5 10.8 1.3 -0.3 0.8 0.8

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 20.024 128.0 134.1 -7.3 0.4 -0.5 2.0 4.8

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.226 170.2 173.2 1.2 2.3 2.0 2.7 1.8

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 30.309 143.2 148.1 -1.6 0.6 -0.5 1.5 3.4

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 8.783 130.9 142.6 -17.6 -0.6 -2.1 2.2 8.9

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 20.522 165.1 167.0 7.3 1.1 0.1 1.2 1.2

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.005 126.7 129.4 10.8 1.9 1.6 1.8 2.1

Capital goods................................... 2 36.870 111.1 111.2 0.5 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 0.1

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.850 120.6 120.8 3.0 0.3 -0.1 0.2 0.2

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 23.868 94.4 94.3 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 9.152 185.0 186.0 1.6 0.2 0.1 -0.3 0.5

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 9.923 114.4 114.5 0.7 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.1

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 12.433 109.8 110.2 -0.1 0.7 0.2 -0.8 0.4

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 6.008 108.0 108.4 0.2 0.6 0.1 -0.9 0.4

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 5.021 107.7 107.8 0.8 0.9 0.3 -0.9 0.1

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec.

2018=100)................................... 42 1.404 93.5 94.4 -4.6 0.5 0.0 0.1 1.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: December 2019 to December

2020

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Nov.

20201

Index Percent change

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2019 to

Dec.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Sep.

2020 to

Oct.

2020

Oct.

2020 to

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2020 to

Dec.

2020

Nonmanufacturing................................ 7.268 90.0 96.7 -14.7 -2.5 -0.8 2.3 7.4

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 1.841 171.6 169.7 -2.2 2.4 -0.4 -6.5 -1.1

Crop production............................... 111 1.503 182.5 179.7 -1.1 2.7 -0.9 -7.9 -1.5

Mining............................................ 21 5.428 79.9 88.2 -17.9 -4.4 -0.8 5.5 10.4

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 5.169 78.7 87.2 -18.6 -4.5 -0.9 5.9 10.8

Manufacturing..................................... 92.403 111.3 111.8 1.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.4

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.470 125.6 125.9 0.5 0.2 0.2 -0.1 0.2

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 3.556 154.9 155.7 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.5

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.177 128.3 128.6 2.1 0.0 0.1 -1.2 0.2

Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)............... 313 0.381 101.1 101.2 1.9 0.1 -0.8 0.0 0.1

Textile product mills.......................... 314 0.939 106.6 106.7 -0.5 -0.2 0.8 -0.2 0.1

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.777 113.0 112.9 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.1

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.640 123.0 123.3 -0.3 -0.2 0.1 -0.8 0.2

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 18.096 122.1 123.5 -1.2 0.3 0.2 -0.9 1.1

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2019=100)................................... 321 1.106 137.8 144.3 44.3 17.9 2.3 -14.9 4.7

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 0.992 106.7 107.3 -0.7 -0.7 -0.9 0.8 0.6

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 1.986 73.3 75.5 -23.7 -8.0 0.1 -0.5 3.0

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 10.267 137.1 138.3 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.9

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.468 122.6 122.9 3.1 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.2

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 1.083 130.8 131.4 0.0 0.1 -0.1 0.2 0.5

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 62.837 104.8 105.2 1.9 0.4 -0.1 0.2 0.4

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.688 180.0 186.7 21.0 3.4 -0.3 2.7 3.7

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.261 126.8 127.2 0.4 0.2 -0.1 0.2 0.3

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 7.855 120.2 120.4 1.4 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.2

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 17.114 71.6 71.5 -0.3 -0.1 -0.3 0.0 -0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 5.544 117.8 118.1 0.6 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.3

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 16.929 110.2 110.2 1.2 0.4 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 1.906 114.9 115.1 -0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.540 120.2 120.7 1.3 0.6 -0.1 0.3 0.4

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: December 2019 to December

2020

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Nov.

20201

Index Percent change

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2019 to

Dec.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Sep.

2020 to

Oct.

2020

Oct.

2020 to

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2020 to

Dec.

2020

Nonmanufacturing................................ 9.557 119.9 123.9 -3.7 1.3 1.6 5.0 3.3

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 5.083 163.5 163.7 7.8 5.7 5.6 4.9 0.1

Crop production............................... 111 4.723 172.2 172.3 8.5 5.9 5.5 5.1 0.1

Mining............................................ 21 4.474 63.9 68.4 -13.4 -2.8 -2.6 4.9 7.0

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.108 89.1 90.8 -11.1 -0.4 -4.1 1.9 1.9

Manufacturing..................................... 88.979 115.3 116.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.9

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.905 143.1 143.7 1.4 0.3 1.2 1.7 0.4

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.738 161.4 162.0 0.6 0.1 1.5 2.1 0.4

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.674 127.9 130.2 7.3 1.2 2.0 0.6 1.8

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 23.059 105.2 108.4 -3.6 0.9 0.0 0.5 3.0

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.512 104.1 105.9 13.0 2.5 2.3 1.5 1.7

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.499 117.9 118.4 -0.9 0.3 0.1 -0.2 0.4

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 4.236 74.2 82.8 -21.4 1.3 -1.4 -1.2 11.6

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 13.467 118.4 120.1 2.6 1.0 0.6 1.0 1.4

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.301 115.5 116.0 -0.8 -0.4 -1.1 0.0 0.4

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.841 118.5 120.3 3.4 -0.3 -0.5 1.7 1.5

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 59.015 117.0 116.9 1.7 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.908 181.7 179.8 17.9 0.5 -0.8 1.3 -1.0

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.099 150.1 150.3 0.9 0.6 0.1 -0.9 0.1

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 9.821 129.5 129.4 -0.3 0.2 -0.2 -0.5 -0.1

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 13.768 81.6 81.4 -0.1 -0.2 -0.4 -0.5 -0.2

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.846 118.8 119.1 1.4 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.3

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 17.802 130.0 130.3 1.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.2

Furniture and related product

manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100).......... 337 0.410 126.8 127.0 3.7 0.1 1.6 0.0 0.2

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 5.361 118.9 119.2 -0.6 0.8 -0.1 0.1 0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2019 to

December 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Nov.

20201

Index Percent change

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2019 to

Dec.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Sep.

2020 to

Oct.

2020

Oct.

2020 to

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2020 to

Dec.

2020

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.339 191.0 192.6 -3.4 0.4 0.6 -0.1 0.8

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.384 270.0 273.9 -1.6 0.4 -0.9 0.4 1.4

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.691 131.6 132.3 -5.2 0.5 2.4 -0.7 0.5

Vegetable products............................... II 1.859 202.9 199.3 -0.6 2.4 -0.5 -7.3 -1.8

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.428 451.8 408.4 -17.7 1.3 1.7 -14.8 -9.6

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.581 98.5 97.4 -2.4 5.9 -2.0 -11.6 -1.1

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.341 217.3 222.6 5.6 1.4 -3.5 0.3 2.4

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.288 100.6 103.9 21.0 1.2 1.2 10.3 3.3

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.017 169.0 169.3 0.7 0.4 0.2 -0.4 0.2

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.204 99.8 100.6 -0.8 1.0 0.0 -0.2 0.8

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or

other parts of plants.......................... 20 0.366 168.6 168.9 -1.7 0.2 0.0 -0.1 0.2

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.133 140.0 140.5 3.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4

Mineral products.................................. V 7.601 161.6 173.6 -18.4 -4.7 -1.0 4.8 7.4

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 7.254 157.3 169.3 -19.3 -4.9 -1.1 5.1 7.6

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 9.599 154.9 156.4 -0.3 0.3 -0.1 0.2 1.0

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.461 271.9 280.5 -8.5 0.2 0.0 1.6 3.2

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.122 123.4 126.5 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.6 2.5

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 4.954 154.4 154.4 0.1 0.1 -0.5 -0.1 0.0

Essential oils and resinoids (Dec.

2016=100)..................................... 33 0.613 101.0 101.0 -2.1 -0.2 -1.0 -0.4 0.0

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.608 103.2 104.4 1.9 0.6 1.0 0.8 1.2

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 3.874 147.3 148.6 6.2 1.0 0.8 1.1 0.9

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.539 146.1 147.0 3.2 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.6

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.335 151.9 154.1 12.5 1.7 1.4 2.1 1.4

Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel

goods, etc....................................... VIII 0.623 124.3 124.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2

Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc.

of various materials........................... 42 0.596 131.1 131.3 0.6 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw,

basketware and wickerwork................. IX 1.149 201.9 211.1 45.6 17.5 2.6 -14.1 4.6

Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal

(Dec. 2019=100).............................. 44 1.125 140.4 146.9 46.9 17.9 2.7 -14.4 4.6

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.019 111.8 111.6 -2.4 -0.4 -0.7 1.0 -0.2

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.691 103.8 103.9 -4.3 -0.9 -0.7 0.5 0.1

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 4.885 114.4 114.4 0.2 -0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.0

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

knitted or crocheted.......................... 61 1.974 104.8 104.8 -0.7 -0.1 0.2 -0.2 0.0

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.644 122.5 122.2 1.4 0.2 -0.3 0.2 -0.2

Made-up or worn textile articles............... 63 0.635 100.2 100.2 -1.2 -0.5 1.0 -0.5 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2019 to

December 2020 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Nov.

20201

Index Percent change

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2019 to

Dec.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Sep.

2020 to

Oct.

2020

Oct.

2020 to

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2020 to

Dec.

2020

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.377 123.2 123.6 -0.3 0.0 -0.1 -1.0 0.3

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 1.151 121.5 121.9 -0.2 -0.1 0.1 -1.1 0.3

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.971 131.5 132.4 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.7

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 3.306 223.4 226.1 17.4 2.4 -1.7 0.6 1.2

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 5.715 174.9 179.9 6.3 1.7 0.0 2.0 2.9

Iron and steel.................................... 72 1.133 202.1 212.3 6.5 2.7 2.1 1.2 5.0

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.700 147.3 147.9 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.4

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.496 316.2 335.7 24.0 2.3 0.8 4.1 6.2

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 1.002 139.9 147.4 15.9 2.2 0.2 5.7 5.4

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.464 122.5 122.5 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 0.1 0.0

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.534 133.7 133.9 -0.8 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.1

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 30.726 79.0 79.0 0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 15.676 85.0 84.9 1.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.1

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 15.050 73.3 73.4 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.992 114.8 114.8 1.2 0.3 0.1 -0.1 0.0

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 12.860 114.0 114.0 1.3 0.4 0.0 -0.1 0.0

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 4.127 102.3 102.4 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.855 98.5 98.5 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.455 110.6 110.8 -0.6 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 0.2

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.809 116.5 116.7 -0.3 0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.2

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.377 101.0 101.1 -1.2 0.1 -0.4 -0.3 0.1

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.270 126.6 126.7 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2019 to

December 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Nov.

20201

Index Percent change

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2019 to

Dec.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Sep.

2020 to

Oct.

2020

Oct.

2020 to

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2020 to

Dec.

2020

Live animals; animal products................. I 2.001 217.2 213.8 -1.1 -1.0 3.1 2.9 -1.6

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.195 168.7 168.0 0.2 1.4 1.5 1.4 -0.4

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100).............. 03 0.325 109.1 109.7 -8.1 1.4 3.3 0.7 0.5

Vegetable products............................... II 4.762 216.9 216.6 10.1 5.9 5.5 5.9 -0.1

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.893 126.6 129.6 -10.6 4.1 -0.7 1.6 2.4

Cereals............................................ 10 1.561 216.2 218.3 12.5 8.4 6.2 6.4 1.0

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 1.731 228.0 240.3 26.3 5.8 3.8 7.6 5.4

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.121 156.7 157.9 1.1 2.0 1.2 0.7 0.8

Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or

other parts of plants (Dec. 2019=100). . . .. 20 0.322 96.0 96.3 -3.7 0.2 0.5 -0.6 0.3

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.594 100.4 101.0 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.6

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.573 108.7 108.8 -2.5 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.1

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.779 234.6 239.8 8.0 3.5 5.8 2.3 2.2

Mineral products.................................. V 8.759 158.6 173.2 -16.8 -0.8 -2.1 2.3 9.2

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.425 100.5 106.3 12.7 3.5 -1.4 0.7 5.8

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 8.138 149.1 163.5 -18.2 -1.0 -2.2 2.4 9.7

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 11.102 138.7 140.2 2.1 0.9 0.7 0.4 1.1

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.686 134.2 134.4 -8.2 0.3 -3.0 0.0 0.1

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.680 149.1 154.6 11.8 2.3 3.9 4.4 3.7

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 3.178 107.8 108.6 0.8 0.8 0.3 -1.7 0.7

Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints

varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100). . .. 32 0.518 101.2 101.2 -3.6 0.7 -0.1 -0.7 0.0

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.869 128.1 128.1 -1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.496 125.6 125.6 0.6 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 2.018 156.7 156.3 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.2 -0.3

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 5.209 142.8 145.4 3.0 0.8 0.2 1.8 1.8

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 4.329 140.4 143.4 3.8 1.3 0.3 2.1 2.1

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.879 150.7 151.1 -0.6 -1.6 0.3 0.1 0.3

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.628 102.8 104.8 15.0 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.9

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.800 121.7 124.6 5.1 0.7 -1.6 0.1 2.4

Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec.

2019=100)..................................... 47 0.483 114.3 123.7 23.7 0.8 -6.3 0.6 8.2

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 1.026 122.6 122.7 -1.3 0.6 0.3 -0.2 0.1

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 1.691 119.4 119.8 0.5 1.0 0.3 0.8 0.3

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.468 116.3 118.0 1.1 2.9 1.3 3.2 1.5

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.830 129.8 130.8 3.3 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: December 2019 to

December 2020 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Nov.

20201

Index Percent change

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2019 to

Dec.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Sep.

2020 to

Oct.

2020

Oct.

2020 to

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2020 to

Dec.

2020

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)....... 70 0.469 99.2 99.1 -0.9 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.1

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 5.344 304.2 300.1 14.9 1.3 -0.6 0.4 -1.3

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.812 162.4 167.3 7.7 2.5 0.8 1.0 3.0

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.576 202.0 218.5 24.9 2.5 0.0 4.4 8.2

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.760 108.5 119.0 21.1 5.4 2.3 2.7 9.7

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.350 158.5 158.5 3.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 28.531 97.6 97.6 0.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.4 0.0

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 16.945 115.0 115.0 -0.3 -0.1 -0.2 -0.4 0.0

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 11.586 78.8 78.8 1.2 0.0 0.0 -0.4 0.0

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 13.484 138.1 138.5 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 8.091 116.5 116.5 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.0

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 6.046 109.9 110.1 -0.3 -0.1 -0.5 0.1 0.2

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.356 113.6 113.6 0.6 -0.4 0.4 -0.2 0.0

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi;......................... 94 0.764 133.8 133.7 2.5 0.2 0.7 -0.1 -0.1

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.436 87.0 87.2 -1.9 -1.3 0.3 0.0 0.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: December 2019 to December 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Nov.

20201

Index Percent change

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2019 to

Dec.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Sep.

2020 to

Oct.

2020

Oct.

2020 to

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2020 to

Dec.

2020

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 125.5 127.5 0.5 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 1.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 8.951 145.5 158.7 -12.4 -6.0 0.6 4.0 9.1

Manufacturing................................ 90.440 123.1 124.0 1.9 0.6 -0.3 -0.5 0.7

Canada.......................................... 100.000 133.3 138.2 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 3.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 25.911 141.8 155.3 -12.3 -6.3 0.4 4.2 9.5

Manufacturing................................ 73.076 134.3 136.2 5.3 1.9 -0.3 -1.5 1.4

European Union............................... 100.000 139.1 139.9 2.1 0.9 0.1 -0.2 0.6

Manufacturing................................ 98.996 135.3 136.0 2.0 0.9 0.1 -0.2 0.5

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 129.1 129.5 1.6 0.5 0.0 -0.2 0.3

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 114.3 115.0 1.8 1.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.6

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 122.0 123.7 1.0 1.2 0.3 0.2 1.4

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 143.9 145.7 0.6 -0.4 -0.5 0.0 1.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 12.439 208.5 219.9 -14.6 0.4 -3.5 -2.5 5.5

Manufacturing................................ 87.286 121.1 121.9 3.2 -0.6 0.0 0.3 0.7

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 127.0 127.1 0.9 0.0 -0.2 -0.9 0.1

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 6.478 107.7 110.3 -16.8 7.1 -3.5 -12.0 2.4

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 93.248 89.0 88.9 2.4 -0.6 0.0 0.0 -0.1

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4............... 100.000 98.0 98.3 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 98.4 98.7 0.5 0.0 -0.1 0.2 0.3

Japan............................................ 100.000 97.0 97.2 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.2

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)...................... 100.000 98.4 98.6 -0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.2

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 86.0 86.5 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.6

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 98.1 98.6 1.4 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.5

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 151.2 160.4 -10.4 -0.5 0.3 0.9 6.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: December 2019 to December

2020

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Nov.

20201

Index Percent change

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2019 to

Dec.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Sep.

2020 to

Oct.

2020

Oct.

2020 to

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2020 to

Dec.

2020

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 103.5 104.2 1.2 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 9.468 96.0 98.8 -6.2 1.0 1.9 5.8 2.9

Manufacturing................................ 89.090 104.4 104.8 1.7 0.6 -0.1 0.0 0.4

Canada.......................................... 100.000 104.9 105.3 0.7 0.9 0.6 1.1 0.4

European Union............................... 100.000 103.0 104.6 0.1 0.4 -0.4 -0.1 1.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 8.235 84.3 91.4 -9.6 0.0 0.4 4.1 8.4

Manufacturing................................ 90.391 104.7 105.7 0.9 0.4 -0.6 -0.5 1.0

Germany........................................ 100.000 107.1 107.9 3.2 0.4 -0.4 -0.4 0.7

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 96.7 98.6 -1.4 0.2 0.6 0.7 2.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 8.262 112.4 115.0 10.8 3.2 3.5 8.6 2.3

Manufacturing................................ 91.182 95.5 97.3 -2.5 0.1 0.4 0.1 1.9

Mexico........................................... 100.000 98.1 99.1 -0.7 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.0

Nonmanufacturing........................... 6.805 113.3 112.6 16.8 4.7 0.7 17.9 -0.6

Manufacturing................................ 92.542 97.1 98.2 -1.8 0.2 0.9 -0.1 1.1

Pacific Rim4

.................................... 100.000 99.7 100.9 1.7 0.1 0.5 0.9 1.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 13.507 87.9 92.2 -3.6 0.7 1.7 2.9 4.9

Manufacturing................................ 84.522 102.0 102.3 1.8 -0.1 0.3 0.6 0.3

China............................................ 100.000 99.0 100.8 3.6 -1.2 0.7 1.7 1.8

Nonmanufacturing........................... 11.503 83.3 90.7 -4.5 -3.2 1.8 4.1 8.9

Manufacturing................................ 86.306 103.4 103.9 4.1 -1.1 1.0 1.5 0.5

Japan............................................ 100.000 100.6 101.9 1.4 0.7 0.8 0.5 1.3

Nonmanufacturing........................... 18.816 89.4 95.3 -3.4 2.2 2.6 4.8 6.6

Manufacturing................................ 79.178 102.4 102.1 1.8 0.2 0.3 -0.3 -0.3

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: December 2019 to December 20201

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2019 to

Dec.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Sep.

2020 to

Oct.

2020

Oct.

2020 to

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2020 to

Dec.

2020

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 100.9 100.0 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 -0.9

Canada.................................................. 103.4 100.1 0.5 1.1 0.6 1.2 -3.2

European Union...................................... 99.7 100.6 -2.0 -0.5 -0.6 0.2 0.9

Germany................................................ 107.8 108.0 1.4 -0.7 -0.2 -0.4 0.2

Latin America3

........................................ 100.1 100.8 -1.9 0.6 1.1 0.8 0.7

Mexico.................................................. 99.6 100.6 -1.6 0.5 1.0 1.8 1.0

Pacific Rim4............................................ 100.1 101.0 1.1 0.0 0.5 0.9 0.9

China.................................................... 100.7 102.2 3.0 -1.2 0.8 1.5 1.5

Japan.................................................... 99.0 100.1 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.4 1.1

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: December

2019 to December 2020

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Nov.

20201

Index Percent change

Nov.

2020

Dec.

2020

Annual Monthly

Dec.

2019 to

Dec.

2020

Aug.

2020 to

Sep.

2020

Sep.

2020 to

Oct.

2020

Oct.

2020 to

Nov.

2020

Nov.

2020 to

Dec.

2020

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 301.6 320.3 75.8 -2.9 4.1 9.8 6.2

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 26.979 240.9 242.1 68.9 -3.6 10.9 0.5 0.5

Asia.................................................. 65.378 313.3 342.4 95.7 -2.9 1.8 15.7 9.3

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 159.0 168.2 2.7 -2.9 -6.7 3.4 5.8

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 29.958 139.9 153.9 1.0 -2.5 -11.6 6.1 10.0

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 228.7 243.3 46.7 -5.1 3.0 6.3 6.4

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 26.307 168.9 167.6 27.8 -7.9 8.3 -0.8 -0.8

Asia.................................................. 64.204 234.5 258.6 66.2 -4.5 1.3 10.8 10.3

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 144.1 154.6 4.7 -4.3 -4.6 4.9 7.3

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 32.931 157.1 176.4 11.2 -2.9 -15.2 8.0 12.3

Asia.................................................. 45.628 136.1 146.1 3.5 -6.4 4.0 3.3 7.3

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 151.4 157.3 -16.4 4.4 3.9 -0.3 3.9

Europe............................................... 37.718 145.5 137.9 -32.9 9.9 3.6 -3.1 -5.2

Asia.................................................. 34.909 182.3 200.6 30.9 4.8 3.9 5.4 10.0

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 7.072 117.7 120.7 -34.9 -0.5 7.8 -0.8 2.5

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 169.4 153.3 4.4 5.9 -4.0 14.5 -9.5

Europe............................................... 24.761 181.0 180.7 -2.2 1.4 2.4 13.3 -0.2

Asia.................................................. 37.148 217.8 164.4 27.2 16.9 -21.0 46.5 -24.5

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 21.055 144.9 140.2 -11.5 -1.8 11.2 -6.5 -3.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2018 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

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TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
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Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. 

Voice phone: (202)-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-(800)-877-8339.