Internet address:  http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm
Technical information:   (202) 691-6378   USDL 00-223

                                          For release:  10:00 A.M. EDT
Media contact:                 691-5902   Wednesday, August 9, 2000


                 WORKER DISPLACEMENT DURING THE LATE 1990s
     
   From January 1997 through December 1999, 3.3 million workers were
displaced from jobs they had held for at least 3 years, the Bureau of Labor
Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today.  The number of
displaced workers was about the same as the level of 3.6 million recorded
2 years earlier in a survey that measured job losses that occurred from
January 1995 through December 1997.  Both surveys covered 3-year periods
of strong employment growth and declining unemployment.
   
   Since 1984, the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S.
Department of Labor has sponsored surveys that collect information on
workers who were displaced from their jobs.  These surveys have been
conducted biennially as supplements to the Current Population Survey,
a monthly survey of households that is the primary source of information
on the nation's labor force.
   
   Displaced workers are defined as persons 20 years of age and older who
lost or left jobs because their plant or company closed or moved, there was
insufficient work for them to do, or their position or shift was abolished.
The period covered in this study was 1997-99, the 3 calendar years prior to
the February 2000 survey date.  The following analysis focuses primarily on
the 3.3 million persons who had worked for their employer for 3 or more
years at the time of displacement (also referred to as long-tenured
displaced).  Another 4.3 million persons were displaced from jobs they had
held for less than 3 years.  Combining the short- and long-tenured groups,
the number of displaced workers totaled 7.6 million, compared with 8.0
million from the prior survey.  Some of the highlights from the February
2000 survey are:

    --  Nearly three-fourths of both the long-tenured and total displaced
        were reemployed at the time of the survey, about the same proportion
        reemployed in the February 1998 survey.

    --  Half of the long-tenured displaced workers reported plant or company
        closings or moves as the reason for their displacement.

    --  Forty-four percent of displaced workers who had worked for their
        employer for 3 or more years were given written advance notification
        that their jobs would be terminated.  Those who had received advance
        notice, however, were no more likely to be reemployed in February
        2000 than were those who had not.

    --  Although manufacturing's share of displaced workers has fallen since      
        the early 1980s, this proportion continued to be much larger than
        the industry's share of total employment.

    --  Nearly three-fifths of workers who were displaced from full-time wage
        and salary jobs and who were reemployed in such jobs had earnings
        that were the same or higher than those on the lost job.  One-fourth
        of such workers, however, experienced earnings losses of 20 percent
        or more.

                                  - 2 -

Characteristics of the reemployed
   
   Of the 3.3 million long-tenured workers who had been displaced from
January 1997 through December 1999, 74 percent were reemployed, 10 percent
were unemployed, and 16 percent were not in the labor force when surveyed
in February 2000.  (See table 1.)  These proportions were about the same as
those from the February 1998 survey.
   
   In the February 2000 survey, reemployment rates for workers ages 20 to
24 and those in the central-age group (ages 25 to 54) were 88 and 80
percent, respectively.  By comparison, reemployment rates were much lower
for older workers ages 55 to 64 (56 percent) and 65 years and older
(26 percent).  Large proportions of older displaced workers were not in the
labor force when surveyed.  Some of these older workers may leave the labor
force after displacement because they are unable to find jobs comparable to
the ones they lost.
   
   Although men account for a larger share of displaced workers than women,
men were more likely to have found a new job when surveyed.  In February 2000,
79 percent of men were reemployed, compared with 67 percent of women.  Men
and women had about an equal likelihood of being unemployed, but the propor-
tion of displaced women who had left the labor force, at 21 percent, was
nearly twice that for men--12 percent.
   
   In February 2000, reemployment rates for whites (74 percent), blacks
(72 percent), and Hispanics (70 percent) were about the same as the rates
from the February 1998 survey.
   
Reason for job loss and receipt of advance notice
   
   Of those workers displaced from January 1997 through December 1999,
49 percent lost or left their jobs due to plant closings or moves, 22 percent
cited insufficient work as the reason for being displaced, and 29 percent
reported that their position or shift was abolished.  (See table 2.)  These
proportions were roughly the same as those reported in the prior survey.
   
   The proportion of displaced workers who received written advance notice
that their jobs would be terminated--more than 4 in 10--was similar to that
of the prior survey.  In February 2000, workers who lost jobs due to plant
closings or moves were most likely to have received written advance notice
of their impending job loss.  Of this group, 56 percent received such
notice; in comparison, 39 percent of workers displaced because of shift
abolishment and only 23 percent of those who lost jobs due to insufficient
work were notified in advance.  Regardless of the reason for displacement,
receipt of written advance notice appears to have had little impact on the
likelihood of being reemployed in February 2000.  For example, 74 percent
of displaced workers who received written advance notice were reemployed
when surveyed, compared with 73 percent of their counterparts who did not
receive such notice.  (See table 3.)
   
Industry and occupation
   
   As was the case in prior surveys, manufacturing continued to comprise
the largest share of displaced workers.  Over the 1997-99 period, 1.0 million factory
workers lost jobs, accounting for about 1 in every 3 displacements.  This
share was well below its proportion in the early 1980s (one-half), but
still about twice manufacturing's share of employment.  Manufacturing
displacements continued to be concentrated in durable goods industries,
particularly in machinery.  (See table 4.)

                                  - 3 -

   Although most of the job growth in the United States continues to
be concentrated in the service-producing sector, substantial numbers of
workers were displaced from these industries as well.  Displacements in
wholesale and retail trade (616,000) and in finance, insurance, and real
estate (245,000) accounted for 19 and 8 percent, respectively, of all
workers displaced over the 1997-99 period.  For both industries, this was
more than their share of total employment, indicating that workers in these
industries have an above-average risk of being displaced.
   
   Slightly more than 7 in every 10 workers displaced from manufacturing
were reemployed when surveyed in February 2000.  As in prior surveys, the
reemployment rate for workers displaced from durable goods industries
(77 percent) was much higher than the rate for nondurable goods industries--
66 percent.  (These workers were not necessarily reemployed in the same
industries from which they were displaced.)  Reemployment rates for workers
displaced from the other major industry groups ranged from 71 percent for
workers displaced from wholesale and retail trade to 78 percent for workers
who lost jobs in construction.
   
   Reflecting the change in the industrial composition of displacement
(and employment as well) that has occurred since the early 1980s, there
also have been shifts in the occupational distribution of displaced workers.
For example, in the February 2000 survey, managerial and professional
specialty occupations accounted for 30 percent of all displacements.  This
proportion has doubled since the early 1980s, but is still slightly below
this occupational group's share of total employment.  In contrast, the
proportion of displacement made up of operators, fabricators, and laborers,
at 18 percent in the February 2000 survey, was about half of what it had been
in the early 1980s; the proportion displaced, however, was still higher than
the group's share of total employment--13 percent.  (See table 5.)
   
   The proportion of displaced workers who had found new jobs when
surveyed was highest for technicians and related support (86 percent) and
lowest for machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors--66 percent.
   
Geographic divisions
   
   In every geographic division in the United States, the number of
workers displaced over the 1997-99 period was about the same as it had been
in the prior survey period.  In terms of employment status at the time of
the February 2000 survey, displaced workers in the Mountain, New England,
Pacific, and West North Central divisions had the smallest proportions
unemployed--fewer than 1 in 10 in each area.  Workers who were displaced in
these divisions also were among the most likely to have found new jobs, as
more than 3 out of every 4 were reemployed.  (See table 6.)
   
Earnings
   
   Of the 2.2 million reemployed displaced workers who lost full-time wage
and salary jobs over the 1997-99 period, 1.9 million were again working in
such jobs in February 2000.  The share of displaced workers reemployed full
time who were earning about as much or more than they had earned on their
prior jobs was 58 percent, roughly the same as the proportion from the
February 1998 survey--55 percent.  In the February 2000 survey, one-fourth
reported earnings losses of 20 percent or more, little different than the
proportion from the prior survey.  (See table 7.)

                                  - 4 -

Total displaced workers (with no tenure restriction)
   
   The total number of workers displaced from January 1997 to December
1999 (regardless of how long they had held their jobs) was 7.6 million,
about the same as the number displaced during the 1995-97 period--8.0
million.  (See table 8.)   This group had a larger proportion of young
persons than did the long-tenured group, as younger workers tend to have
lower tenure on their jobs.
   
   About three-fourths of all displaced workers were reemployed at the
time of the survey, while 12 percent were unemployed and 14 percent were
out of the labor force.  These proportions are about the same as those from
the February 1998 survey.
   
   Plant and company closings were slightly less common as a reason for
displacement among all displaced workers than among the long-tenured,
43 versus 49 percent.  The proportion of the total displaced citing
insufficient work as the cause for a job ending (32 percent) was much
higher than the share for long-tenured displaced workers--22 percent.  In
terms of industry, manufacturing, retail trade, and services accounted for
the largest proportions of the total number of workers displaced over the
1997-99 period.
Technical Note


     The data presented in this report were collected through a supplement
to the February 2000 Current Population Survey (CPS), the monthly survey of
about 50,000 households that provides the basic data on employment and
unemployment for the nation.  The purpose of this supplement was to obtain
information on the number and characteristics of persons who had been
displaced (as defined below) from their jobs over the prior 3 calendar
years.
     
     Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request.  Voice phone:  (202) 691-5200; TDD message referral
phone number:  1-800-877-8339.

Reliability of the estimates

     Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and
nonsampling error.  When a sample, rather than the entire population, is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the
"true" population values they represent.  The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.  There is
about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based
on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true"
population value because of sampling error.  BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
     
     The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error.  Non-sampling
error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment
of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in
the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct
information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data.
     
     For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and
information on estimating standard errors, see the "Explanatory Notes and
Estimates of Error" section of Employment and Earnings.

Concepts

     The first question asked of survey respondents was, "During the last 3
calendar years, that is, January 1997 through December 1999, did (you/name)
lose a job or leave one because: (your/his/her) plant or company closed or
moved, (your/his/her) position or shift was abolished, there was
insufficient work, or another similar reason?"  If the answer to that
question was "yes," then the respondent was asked to identify which reason,
among the following, best described the reason for the job loss:

     Plant or company closed down or moved
     Plant or company operating but lost or left job because of:
        Insufficient work
        Position or shift abolished
        Seasonal job completed
     Self-operated business failed
     Some other reason
     
     Respondents who provided one of the first three reasons--plant or
company closed or moved, insufficient work, or position or shift
abolished--were then asked questions about the lost job, including how many
years it had been held; the year the job was lost; its earnings, industry,
and occupation; and whether health insurance had been provided.  Other
questions were asked to determine what transpired before and after the job
loss, such as:  Was the respondent notified of the upcoming dismissal?  How
long did he/she go without work?  Did he/she receive unemployment benefits?
And, if so, were the benefits used up?  Did the person move to another
location after the job loss to take or look for another job?  Information
also was collected about current health insurance coverage (other than Medi-
care and Medicaid) and current earnings for those employed in February 2000.
     Table 1.  Displaced workers(1) by age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, and employment status in February 2000
                                                                                                              
                                                                                                              
                                                              Percent distribution by employment status       
        Age, sex, race, and Hispanic         Total                                                            
                   origin                 (thousands)                                                         
                                                           Total        Employed     Unemployed    Not in the 
                                                                                                  labor force 
                                                                                                              
                                                                                                              
                    TOTAL                                                                                     
                                                                                                              
         Total, 20 years and over.......      3,275        100.0          73.5          10.4          16.1    
     20 to 24 years.....................        100        100.0          87.7           3.7           8.7    
     25 to 54 years.....................      2,503        100.0          79.5          10.3          10.2    
     55 to 64 years.....................        517        100.0          56.0          13.6          30.4    
     65 years and over..................        155        100.0          26.3           5.2          68.6    
                                                                                                              
                     Men                                                                                      
                                                                                                              
         Total, 20 years and over.......      1,765        100.0          78.9           9.6          11.5    
     20 to 24 years.....................         75        100.0          86.6           4.9           8.4    
     25 to 54 years.....................      1,331        100.0          85.1           9.1           5.8    
     55 to 64 years.....................        279        100.0          62.9          13.3          23.8    
     65 years and over..................         80        100.0          23.6          10.0          66.4    
                                                                                                              
                    Women                                                                                     
                                                                                                              
         Total, 20 years and over.......      1,511        100.0          67.3          11.3          21.4    
     20 to 24 years.....................         25        100.0          (2)           (2)           (2)     
     25 to 54 years.....................      1,172        100.0          73.2          11.7          15.1    
     55 to 64 years.....................        238        100.0          47.9          14.0          38.1    
     65 years and over..................         75        100.0          29.1           -            70.9    
                                                                                                              
                    White                                                                                     
                                                                                                              
         Total, 20 years and over.......      2,778        100.0          74.4           9.9          15.7    
     Men................................      1,522        100.0          79.0          10.0          11.0    
     Women..............................      1,256        100.0          68.8           9.8          21.4    
                                                                                                              
                    Black                                                                                     
                                                                                                              
         Total, 20 years and over.......        363        100.0          72.2          12.8          15.0    
     Men................................        188        100.0          82.0           4.7          13.4    
     Women..............................        175        100.0          61.8          21.5          16.7    
                                                                                                              
               Hispanic origin                                                                                
                                                                                                              
         Total, 20 years and over.......        346        100.0          69.7          13.0          17.3    
     Men................................        181        100.0          84.6           9.1           6.2    
     Women..............................        165        100.0          53.4          17.2          29.5    

       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between
     January 1997 and December 1999 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the
     abolishment of their positions or shifts.
       2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
       NOTE:  Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for
     the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black
     population groups.  Dash represents zero.





         Table 2.  Displaced workers(1) by age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, and reason for job loss, February 2000
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                                                                       Percent distribution by reason for job loss     
                                                                                                                       
                                                      Total                                                            
         Age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin       (thousands)                   Plant or                  Position or 
                                                                    Total        company     Insufficient     shift    
                                                                               closed down       work       abolished  
                                                                                 or moved                              
                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                       
                        TOTAL                                                                                          
                                                                                                                       
         Total, 20 years and over................      3,275        100.0          49.4          21.6          29.0    
     20 to 24 years..............................        100        100.0          49.8          29.5          20.7    
     25 to 54 years..............................      2,503        100.0          48.3          22.1          29.6    
     55 to 64 years..............................        517        100.0          56.6          15.3          28.1    
     65 years and over...........................        155        100.0          43.1          29.0          27.9    
                                                                                                                       
                         Men                                                                                           
                                                                                                                       
         Total, 20 years and over................      1,765        100.0          47.1          24.0          28.9    
     20 to 24 years..............................         75        100.0          43.4          36.1          20.5    
     25 to 54 years..............................      1,331        100.0          46.2          24.0          29.8    
     55 to 64 years..............................        279        100.0          56.3          17.4          26.3    
     65 years and over...........................         80        100.0          33.5          34.6          31.9    
                                                                                                                       
                        Women                                                                                          
                                                                                                                       
         Total, 20 years and over................      1,511        100.0          52.1          18.7          29.1    
     20 to 24 years..............................         25        100.0          (2)           (2)           (2)     
     25 to 54 years..............................      1,172        100.0          50.7          19.9          29.4    
     55 to 64 years..............................        238        100.0          57.0          12.8          30.2    
     65 years and over...........................         75        100.0          53.4          23.0          23.6    
                                                                                                                       
                        White                                                                                          
                                                                                                                       
         Total, 20 years and over................      2,778        100.0          48.9          20.9          30.3    
     Men.........................................      1,522        100.0          46.5          23.4          30.1    
     Women.......................................      1,256        100.0          51.7          17.8          30.4    
                                                                                                                       
                        Black                                                                                          
                                                                                                                       
         Total, 20 years and over................        363        100.0          53.2          26.5          20.3    
     Men.........................................        188        100.0          53.3          26.4          20.2    
     Women.......................................        175        100.0          53.0          26.6          20.5    
                                                                                                                       
                   Hispanic origin                                                                                     
                                                                                                                       
         Total, 20 years and over................        346        100.0          50.4          32.1          17.5    
     Men.........................................        181        100.0          44.6          41.1          14.3    
     Women.......................................        165        100.0          56.7          22.2          21.1    


       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 1997
     and December 1999 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their
     positions or shifts.
       2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
         NOTE:  Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other
     races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.  






     Table 3.  Displaced workers(1) by whether they received written advance notice, reason for job loss, and employment
     status in February 2000
                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                          
                                                                              Percent distribution by employment status   
                                                                  Total                                                   
                          Characteristic                       (thousands)                                                
                                                                              Total      Employed   Unemployed  Not in the
                                                                                                               labor force
                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                          
                               TOTAL                                                                                      
                                                                                                                          
         Total, 20 years and over(2)..........................     3,275      100.0        73.5        10.4        16.1   
     Received written advance notice..........................     1,447      100.0        74.0         9.6        16.4   
     Did not receive written advance notice...................     1,796      100.0        73.3        10.8        15.9   
                                                                                                                          
               Plant or company closed down or moved                                                                      
                                                                                                                          
         Total, 20 years and over(2)..........................     1,619      100.0        73.4         9.8        16.8   
     Received written advance notice..........................       912      100.0        73.9         8.8        17.3   
     Did not receive written advance notice...................       688      100.0        72.6        10.8        16.6   
                                                                                                                          
                         Insufficient work                                                                                
                                                                                                                          
         Total, 20 years and over(2)..........................       706      100.0        76.8         9.3        13.9   
     Received written advance notice..........................       159      100.0        77.1         9.2        13.7   
     Did not receive written advance notice...................       539      100.0        77.0         8.9        14.1   
                                                                                                                          
                    Position or shift abolished                                                                           
                                                                                                                          
         Total, 20 years and over(2)..........................       950      100.0        71.4        12.2        16.4   
     Received written advance notice..........................       375      100.0        73.0        11.6        15.4   
     Did not receive written advance notice...................       569      100.0        70.7        12.5        16.8   

       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 1997 and
     December 1999 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
     or shifts.
       2 Includes a small number who did not report information on advance notice.






     Table 4.  Displaced workers(1) by industry and class of worker of lost job and employment status in February 2000
                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                          
                                                                              Percent distribution by employment status   
                                                                  Total                                                   
             Industry and class of worker of lost job          (thousands)                                                
                                                                              Total      Employed   Unemployed  Not in the
                                                                                                               labor force
                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                          
          Total, 20 years and over(2).........................     3,275      100.0        73.5        10.4        16.1   
     Agricultural wage and salary workers.....................        52      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
     Nonagricultural wage and salary workers..................     3,162      100.0        73.5        10.3        16.2   
       Private wage and salary workers........................     3,004      100.0        73.4        10.6        16.0   
                                                                                                                          
         Mining...............................................        55      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
         Construction.........................................       214      100.0        77.9        10.6        11.4   
                                                                                                                          
         Manufacturing........................................     1,016      100.0        72.9        11.9        15.1   
           Durable goods......................................       627      100.0        77.2        11.1        11.8   
             Lumber and wood products.........................        43      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Furniture and fixtures...........................        19      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Stone, clay, and glass products..................        29      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Primary metal industries.........................        24      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Fabricated metal products........................        59      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Machinery, except electrical.....................       147      100.0        78.9         9.9        11.2   
             Electrical machinery.............................       134      100.0        72.7        13.5        13.8   
             Transportation equipment.........................        77      100.0        76.8         5.2        18.0   
               Automobiles....................................        28      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
               Other transportation equipment.................        48      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Professional and photographic equipment..........        68      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Other durable goods industries...................        26      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
                                                                                                                          
           Nondurable goods...................................       389      100.0        66.1        13.3        20.5   
             Food and kindred products........................        53      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Textile mill products............................        37      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Apparel and other finished textile products......        95      100.0        40.8        21.0        38.2   
             Paper and allied products........................        24      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Printing and publishing..........................        72      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Chemical and allied products.....................        73      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products.......        15      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Other nondurable goods industries................        19      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
                                                                                                                          
         Transportation and public utilities..................       164      100.0        74.4        15.7         9.9   
           Transportation.....................................        90      100.0        75.3        22.4         2.3   
           Communications and other public utilities..........        74      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
                                                                                                                          
         Wholesale and retail trade...........................       616      100.0        71.3         8.0        20.8   
           Wholesale trade....................................       161      100.0        70.7         7.1        22.2   
           Retail trade.......................................       456      100.0        71.5         8.3        20.3   
                                                                                                                          
         Finance, insurance, and real estate..................       245      100.0        75.8         8.5        15.7   
         Services.............................................       692      100.0        74.7         9.3        16.0   
           Professional services..............................       385      100.0        77.0         8.9        14.1   
           Other service industries...........................       307      100.0        71.9         9.7        18.3   
                                                                                                                          
       Government workers.....................................       158      100.0        74.8         4.7        20.4   

       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 1997 and
     December 1999 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
     or shifts.
       2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report industry or class of
     worker.
       3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




     Table 5.  Displaced workers(1) by occupation of lost job and employment status in February 2000
                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                   
                   Occupation of lost job                  Total       Total      Employed   Unemployed  Not in the
                                                        (thousands)                                     labor force
                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                   
          Total, 20 years and over(2)..................     3,275      100.0        73.5        10.4        16.1   
                                                                                                                   
     Managerial and professional specialty.............       982      100.0        78.5         9.2        12.3   
       Executive, administrative, and managerial.......       600      100.0        77.8        11.6        10.6   
       Professional specialty..........................       382      100.0        79.6         5.3        15.0   
                                                                                                                   
     Technical, sales, and administrative support......       941      100.0        73.0        10.0        17.0   
       Technicians and related support.................       126      100.0        85.6         5.8         8.6   
       Sales occupations...............................       360      100.0        72.0        11.3        16.6   
       Administrative support, including clerical......       454      100.0        70.4        10.1        19.5   
                                                                                                                   
     Service occupations...............................       216      100.0        67.1         3.9        28.9   
                                                                                                                   
     Precision production, craft, and repair...........       448      100.0        74.9        10.7        14.5   
       Mechanics and repairers.........................       105      100.0        76.3         7.9        15.8   
       Construction trades.............................       159      100.0        76.5        11.0        12.5   
       Other precision production, craft, and repair...       184      100.0        72.6        12.0        15.4   
                                                                                                                   
     Operators, fabricators, and laborers..............       590      100.0        69.4        13.6        17.1   
       Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors...       338      100.0        66.4        15.6        17.9   
       Transportation and material moving occupations..       126      100.0        78.1        13.3         8.6   
       Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and                                                                  
        laborers.......................................       126      100.0        68.5         8.2        23.3   
                                                                                                                   
     Farming, forestry, and fishing....................        52      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    

       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January
     1997 and December 1999 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of
     their positions or shifts.
       2 Total includes a small number who did not report occupation.
       3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.






     Table 6.  Displaced workers(1) by selected characteristics and area of residence in February 2000
     
     (In thousands)
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                                      New    Middle   East    West   South    East    West                   
               Characteristic               Total   England  Atlan-  North   North  Atlan-   South   South   Mountain Pacific
                                                              tic   Central Central   tic   Central Central                  
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
            Workers who lost jobs                                                                                            
                                                                                                                             
         Total, 20 years and over.......    3,275       190     491     570     205     559     196     280      172      612
     Men................................    1,765        95     217     307     109     307     103     160       87      378
     Women..............................    1,511        95     274     262      96     251      93     120       85      234
                                                                                                                             
             Reason for job loss                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
     Plant or company closed down                                                                                            
           or moved.....................    1,619       104     214     286      98     294     120     164       76      263
     Insufficient work..................      706        28     105      90      38      97      27      59       34      228
     Position or shift abolished........      950        58     171     194      69     167      49      58       62      122
                                                                                                                             
           Industry of lost job(2)                                                                                           
                                                                                                                             
     Mining.............................       55      -          4      10       2       2       6      19        2        9
     Construction.......................      214         7      22      36       5      21       6      13       20       84
     Manufacturing......................    1,021        74     151     227      54     156      87      61       25      185
       Durable goods....................      627        61      91     146      41      72      51      22       13      130
       Nondurable goods.................      393        13      59      80      13      84      36      39       12       55
     Transportation and public utilities      173        11      17      22       2      52       7      28        4       30
     Wholesale and retail trade.........      622        27      96     107      50     127      34      51       38       92
     Finance, insurance, and real estate      253        11      44      49      21      46       5      21       19       38
     Services...........................      776        50     135      97      67     132      48      60       53      135
       Professional services............      467        30      84      63      34      87      33      23       30       83
       Other service industries.........      310        20      50      35      33      44      15      37       23       52
     Public administration..............       69         8      10       8       1      14    -          9        6       14
                                                                                                                             
              Employment status                                                                                              
              in February 2000                                                                                               
                                                                                                                             
     Employed...........................    2,409       157     351     441     154     359     148     196      132      470
     Unemployed.........................      340        14      51      60      15      71      35      32        7       55
     Not in the labor force.............      526        19      89      68      36     129      13      52       32       86

       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 1997 and
     December 1999 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions or
     shifts.
       2 Total includes a small number who did not report industry.
       NOTE:  Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont compose the New England Division;
     New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania compose the Middle Atlantic Division; Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and
     Wisconsin compose the East North Central Division; Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South
     Dakota compose the West North Central Division; Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North
     Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia compose the South Atlantic Division; Alabama, Kentucky,
     Mississippi, and Tennessee compose the East South Central Division; Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas compose the
     West South Central Division; Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming compose the
     Mountain Division; Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington compose the Pacific Division.  Dash represents
     zero.

     Table 7.  Displaced workers(1) who lost full-time wage and salary jobs and were reemployed in February 2000 by
     industry of lost job and characteristics of new job
     
     (In thousands)
                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                           
                                                                         Reemployed in February 2000                       
                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                           
                                                                          Wage and salary workers                          
                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                           
                                                                                     Full time                             
                                                                                                                    Self-  
                 Industry of lost job                                                                              employed
                                                   Total                  Earnings relative to  those of lost job    and   
                                                            Part                                                    unpaid 
                                                            time                                                    family 
                                                                   Total      20      Below,   Equal or     20     workers 
                                                                    (2)    percent     but      above,   percent           
                                                                           or more  within 20    but     or more           
                                                                            below    percent  within 20   above            
                                                                                               percent                     
                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                           
         Total who lost full-time wage and salary                                                                          
        jobs(3)..................................   2,178     164   1,875      396       282       561       367       140 
                                                                                                                           
     Mining......................................      33       2      25       13         1         4      -           6 
     Construction................................     158      10     138       21        19        41        44        10 
     Manufacturing...............................     725      38     660      143        83       217       116        27 
       Durable goods(4)..........................     470      20     427       82        56       143        73        23 
         Primary metal industries................      18       4      13        2      -            4         2         2 
         Fabricated metal products...............      53    -         51       15         7        14        11         3 
         Machinery, except electrical............     110       5      96       27        16        14        20         9 
         Electrical machinery....................      98       1      90       10         7        42        19         6 
         Transportation equipment................      59       6      53       12        10        16         3      -    
           Automobiles...........................      19       4      15        4         4         2      -         -    
           Other transportation equipment........      40       2      38        8         6        14         3      -    
       Nondurable goods..........................     255      18     233       61        27        74        44         4 
                                                                                                                           
     Transportation and public utilities.........     121       5     101       25        10        36        17        15 
     Wholesale and retail trade..................     373      23     329       74        58        88        72        21 
     Finance, insurance, and real estate.........     177      18     141       30        12        32        35        18 
     Services....................................     481      61     383       81        73       119        64        37 
       Professional services.....................     284      42     222       53        40        63        36        20 
       Other service industries..................     197      20     160       27        32        56        27        17 
     Public administration.......................      49       5      37        4         5        13         4         7 

       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 1997 and
     December 1999 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
     or shifts.
       2 Includes about 269,000 persons who did not report earnings on lost job.
       3 Includes a small number who did not report industry.
       4 Includes other industries, not shown separately
       NOTE:  Dash represents zero.



     Table 8.  Total displaced workers(1) by selected characteristics and employment status in February
     2000
                                                                                                         
                                                                                                         
                                                                Percent distribution by employment status
                                                      Total                                              
                    Characteristic                 (thousands)                                           
                                                                 Total  Employed  Unemployed   Not in the
                                                                                              labor force
                                                                                                         
                                                                                                         
                 Workers who lost jobs                                                                   
                                                                                                         
         Total, 20 years and over.................     7,561     100.0     74.4       12.1        13.5   
     20 to 24 years...............................       902     100.0     73.0       12.2        14.8   
     25 to 54 years...............................     5,665     100.0     78.4       12.0         9.6   
     55 to 64 years...............................       775     100.0     58.8       13.4        27.8   
     65 years and over............................       219     100.0     33.1        8.7        58.2   
                                                                                                         
         Men......................................     4,030     100.0     78.1       12.8         9.0   
     20 to 24 years...............................       504     100.0     78.3       11.7        10.0   
     25 to 54 years...............................     3,000     100.0     81.9       12.9         5.3   
     55 to 64 years...............................       413     100.0     63.0       15.1        21.9   
     65 years and over............................       113     100.0     33.2        9.5        57.3   
                                                                                                         
         Women....................................     3,531     100.0     70.2       11.2        18.6   
     20 to 24 years...............................       398     100.0     66.3       12.8        20.8   
     25 to 54 years...............................     2,665     100.0     74.5       11.1        14.5   
     55 to 64 years...............................       362     100.0     54.0       11.4        34.6   
     65 years and over............................       106     100.0     33.0        7.8        59.2   
                                                                                                         
     White........................................     6,261     100.0     75.8       11.3        12.9   
     Black........................................     1,015     100.0     68.1       16.8        15.1   
     Hispanic origin..............................       871     100.0     69.5       15.6        14.9   
                                                                                                         
                  Reason for job loss                                                                    
                                                                                                         
     Plant or company closed down or moved........     3,267     100.0     74.0       10.4        15.6   
     Insufficient work............................     2,399     100.0     74.0       14.6        11.5   
     Position or shift abolished..................     1,895     100.0     75.7       11.8        12.4   
                                                                                                         
        Occupation and industry of lost job(2)                                                           
                                                                                                         
     Managerial and professional specialty........     1,890     100.0     80.8        9.0        10.2   
     Technical, sales, and administrative support.     2,276     100.0     74.4       10.6        15.0   
     Service occupations..........................       697     100.0     65.5       12.1        22.3   
     Precision production, craft, and repair......     1,011     100.0     76.6       13.3        10.1   
     Operators, fabricators, and laborers.........     1,395     100.0     69.8       17.1        13.1   
     Farming, forestry, and fishing...............       123     100.0     70.0       21.0         9.0   
                                                                                                         
     Agricultural wage and salary workers.........       102     100.0     80.1       10.2         9.7   
     Nonagricultural wage and salary workers......     7,237     100.0     74.5       12.1        13.4   
       Private wage and salary workers............     6,927     100.0     74.4       12.2        13.4   
         Mining...................................        83     100.0     68.0       21.6        10.4   
         Construction.............................       658     100.0     76.3       15.4         8.4   
         Manufacturing............................     1,808     100.0     74.4       13.3        12.2   
           Durable goods..........................     1,090     100.0     77.1       12.0        10.8   
           Nondurable goods.......................       718     100.0     70.3       15.3        14.4   
         Transportation and public utilities......       397     100.0     77.4       13.0         9.7   
         Wholesale and retail trade...............     1,692     100.0     72.9       10.6        16.5   
           Wholesale trade........................       401     100.0     80.2        8.0        11.8   
           Retail trade...........................     1,291     100.0     70.7       11.4        17.9   
         Finance, insurance, and real estate......       469     100.0     74.7       11.9        13.4   
         Services.................................     1,821     100.0     74.8       10.9        14.4   
       Government workers.........................       310     100.0     75.6        9.4        15.0   

       1 Data refer to all persons (regardless of years of tenure on lost job) who had lost or left a job
     between January 1997 and December 1999 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient
     work, or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
       2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report occupation
     or industry.
       NOTE:  Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data
     for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black
     population groups.