ii

Occupational Employment

and Wages, 2001

U.S. Department of Labor

Elaine L. Chao, Secretary

Bureau of Labor Statistics

Kathleen Utgoff, Commissioner

June 2003

Bulletin 2559
iii

Preface

This bulletin provides occupational employment and

wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey. It includes national, State, and

Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) estimates across all industries, as well as by industry. The tables present crossindustry national estimates for Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) detailed occupations, as well as selected

industry-specific national estimates and cross-industry State

and MSA estimates for some detailed occupations in each

SOC major occupational group. Additional estimates are

available on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/oes/. The estimates are based on data collected during 1999, 2000, and

2001 surveys and are adjusted to full universe counts for the

fourth-quarter 2001 reference period, based on information

from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Covered Employment and Wages program.

For many years, the OES survey has been a major source

of detailed occupational employment data by industry for

the Nation, for States, and for metropolitan areas. The OES

survey is an annual mail survey collecting occupational employment and its distribution by wage interval for wage and

salary workers in nonfarm establishments by industry. The

survey samples approximately 400,000 establishments per

year, taking 3 years to fully collect data from the sample of 1.2

million establishments. Therefore, 3 years of employment and

wage data have been combined to produce this year’s results.

This annual survey is part of the Federal-State cooperative program of occupational employment statistics, which

provides information for many data users, including individuals and organizations engaged in planning vocational

education programs, higher education, and employment and

training programs. OES data also are used to prepare information for career counseling, for job placement activities

performed at State Employment Security Agencies, and for

personnel planning and market research conducted by private enterprises.

This bulletin was prepared in BLS Office of Employment

and Unemployment Statistics, Division of Occupational and

Administrative Statistics, under the direction of Laurie

Salmon, with contributing articles by Chakinna Brewington,

Fatemeh Hajiha, Jillian Kerr, Patrick Kilcoyne, Jerome

Pikulinski, and Michael Soloy. Benjamin Cover, John Ichiro

Jones, Jillian Kerr, and Michael Soloy prepared the tables.

For additional information, call (202) 691-6569 or e-mail

oesinfo@bls.gov.

Information in this bulletin will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202)

691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339. This material is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may

be reproduced without permission.
v

Page

Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 1

Employment and Wages by Major Occupational Group and Industry .............................................................. 3

High-Tech Occupations by Metropolitan Statistical Area ................................................................................. 7

Employment and Wages in Elementary and Secondary Schools ....................................................................... 11

New and Emerging Occupations ........................................................................................................................ 15

Concentration of Entertainment-related Employment by Metropolitan Area ..................................................... 21

An Examination of the Employment and Wages of FAA-certified and FAA-noncertified Aircraft

 Mechanics and Service Technicians, 2001 ....................................................................................................... 25

Tables:

1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey by

occupation, 2001 ................................................................................................................................. 29

2. Industry, State, and MSA data for selected occupations, 2001 .......................................................... 41

Appendixes:

A. The Standard Occupational Classification System ............................................................................ 157

B. Survey Methods and Reliability of the 2001 Occupational Employment Statistics

Estimates ............................................................................................................................................ 159

C. Availability of Historical Occupational Employment Statistics Survey

Data Nationally and from State Agencies ........................................................................................... 167

Contents
1

Introduction

The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey

collects data on occupational employment and wages

of wage and salary workers by industry in nonfarm

establishments. The program is a Federal-State cooperative

effort between the State Employment Security Agencies

(SESAs) and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). BLS provides technical assistance and the statistical procedures for

the survey; the SESAs collect the data.

The tables in this bulletin present national, State, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), and industry employment

and wage data for detailed occupations. The industry data

are identified based on the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. The occupational data are identified

based on the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)

system. Under the SOC system, workers are classified in 1 of

more than 760 occupations. For each detailed occupation,

table 1 shows cross-industry national estimates of employment, hourly mean wage, annual mean wage, and percentile

wages.

Table 2 presents a sample of the data available from the

OES survey, including national industry-specific and State

and MSA cross-industry employment and wage data for the

five largest occupations in each SOC major group. The industry data are national industry-specific data for both the

five industries with the greatest employment and the five

industries with the highest wages for a given occupation.

This differs from the national estimates in table 1, which are

based on data from all industries. The employment ranks and

wage ranks for the industry data refer to the industry’s employment or wage estimate for a given occupation relative to

comparable data for the same occupation in other industries.

In other words, the industry with employment rank 1 has the

largest number of workers in the designated occupation;

that with employment rank 2 has the second-largest number

of workers, and so forth. Likewise, the industry with a wage

rank of 1 is the highest paying industry for workers in the

designated occupation; a wage rank of 4 represents the fourthhighest paying industry for the occupation. In addition,

table 2 presents State and MSA employment and wage estimates for the five areas with the highest relative employment

and the five areas in which workers in the given occupation

earn the highest wages. The relative employment is the percentage of the total State employment found in the occupation. This measure provides more information than does

total employment, which usually parallels population—the

largest States and MSAs usually have the largest numbers

of workers, regardless of the occupation.

In 2001, all 50 States, the District of Columbia, Puerto

Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands participated in the survey.

Data for the territories are not included in the national estimates. Industry-specific occupational employment and wage

estimates for each participating State and territory are available from the SESAs listed on the inside back cover of this

bulletin.

Occupational employment estimates are based on survey

results adjusted to reflect total industry employment. Mean

wage is the estimated total wages for an occupation divided

by the occupation’s weighted survey employment. Occupations or industries with fewer than 50 workers, or with an

employment relative error greater than 50 percent, are not

shown. Wage estimates with a relative error greater than 30

percent are not shown. Employment totals for all industries

surveyed reflect employment levels in each industry for the

survey reference months listed in appendix B. Appendix B

provides more complete definitions of terms and statistical

concepts.

National, State, and MSA data across surveyed industries are available on the OES Web site at http://www.bls.gov/

oes/. National occupational employment data for all occupations at the two-digit and more detailed three-digit SIC

levels also are available on the Web site. Additional information about the structure of the OES classification system

is provided in appendix A of this bulletin. Definitions for all

occupations are available on the Standard Occupational Classification Web site at http://www.bls.gov/soc/.
2
3
3

Employment and Wages by

Major Occupational Group

and Industry

Fatemeh Hajiha

Since 1996, the Occupational Employment Statistics

(OES) program has collected occupational employment

and wage information from all industries each year.

The OES survey covers 400 detailed industries and more

than 760 occupations, and collects employment and wage

data for 400,000 establishments each year, or 1.2 million establishments over the full 3-year sampling period. This survey design permits estimation and analysis of wage distributions by occupation across all industries as well as within

individual industries, and by detailed geographic areas.

 The following analysis examines employment and wages

by major occupational group across all industries, and wages

for detailed occupations in selected industries. Following

the articles in this bulletin, table 1 shows national employment, hourly mean wage, annual mean wage, and percentile

wages for each detailed occupation. Table 2 presents a

sample of the data available from the OES survey, including

national industry-specific and State and MSA cross-industry employment and wage data for the five largest occupations within each major group of the Standard Occupational

Classification (SOC). (For a description of the SOC system

used by Federal agencies, see appendix A.).

Employment and wages by major occupational

group

The OES program collects and publishes data for 22 of the 23

Text table 1. Percentile wages by major occupational group

 Total ........................................... 127,980,370 $6.76 $8.72 $13.01 $20.31 $30.23 $16.35

Management ...................................................................... 7,212,360 14.62 20.84 30.88 44.77 66.62 34.04

Legal .................................................................................. 909,370 12.76 17.36 27.03 47.77 (1) 33.19

Computer and mathematical ............................................. 2,825,870 14.95 20.26 27.72 36.66 45.62 29.02

Architecture and engineering ............................................ 2,489,070 14.36 19.09 25.78 33.97 42.76 27.08

Business and financial operations .................................... 4,676,680 12.65 16.47 21.98 29.67 39.74 24.32

Healthcare practitioner and technical ............................... 6,118,970 10.97 15.05 20.56 27.65 41.87 24.01

Life, physical, and social science ..................................... 1,067,730 11.54 15.52 21.53 29.97 40.71 23.90

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media ............... 1,508,790 7.26 10.52 16.19 24.14 34.35 19.12

Education, training, and library ......................................... 7,658,480 7.68 11.46 17.41 24.14 31.94 18.81

Construction and extraction ............................................. 6,239,430 8.84 11.29 15.57 21.56 27.89 17.05

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................................ 5,323,070 8.85 11.58 15.92 21.14 26.44 16.81

Community and social services ....................................... 1,523,890 8.83 11.38 15.12 20.35 26.28 16.44

Protective service ............................................................. 2,957,990 7.16 9.14 13.66 20.58 27.32 15.64

Sales and related .............................................................. 13,418,240 6.15 7.16 9.63 16.35 27.21 13.91

Production ......................................................................... 11,270,210 7.27 8.95 11.81 16.25 21.87 13.27

Office and administrative support .................................... 22,798,590 7.47 9.32 12.04 15.93 20.31 13.09

Transportation and material moving ................................. 9,410,660 6.57 8.09 10.96 15.63 21.02 12.77

Healthcare support. .......................................................... 3,122,870 6.91 8.06 9.85 12.32 15.48 10.53

Personal care and service ................................................ 2,802,050 5.97 6.76 8.28 11.04 16.80 10.10

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance ............. 4,275,340 6.18 7.13 8.71 11.39 15.19 9.80

Farming, fishing, and forestry ........................................... 453,050 6.26 6.68 7.76 10.62 15.44 9.44

Food preparation and serving related .............................. 9,917,660 5.71 6.29 7.13 8.85 11.59 8.04

Hourly earnings

Employment

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Mean

wage

Major occupational group

 1 Represents a wage above $70 per hour.

Fatemeh Hajiha is an economist in the Division of Occupational

and Administrative Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
4

0 5,000,000 10,000,000 15,000,000 20,000,000 25,000,000

Food preparation and serving related ($8.04)

Farming, fishing, and forestry ($9.44)

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance ($9.80)

Personal care and service ($10.10)

Healthcare support ($10.53)

Transportation and material moving ($12.77)

Office and administrative support ($13.09)

Production ($13.27)

Sales and related ($13.91)

Protective service ($15.64)

Community and social services ($16.44)

Installation, maintenance, and repair ($16.81)

Construction and extraction ($17.05)

Education, training, and library ($18.81)

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media ($19.12)

Life, physical, and social science ($23.90)

Healthcare practitioner and technical ($24.01)

Business and financial operations ($24.32)

Architecture and engineering ($27.08)

Computer and mathematical ($29.02)

Legal ($33.19)

Management ($34.04)

major occupational groups in the SOC. The OES survey

does not cover military specific occupations. Chart 1 displays employment, the percentage of total employment, and

the mean wage for each of these groups. The chart is arrayed by mean wage, with the highest paying occupational

group on the top and the lowest paying group on the bottom. Total employment for all occupational groups in 2001

was approximately 128 million workers.

In terms of employment and wages, the 22 occupational

groups fall into three broad categories. The first consist of

five groups with the largest employment. They are sales and

related; production; office and administrative support; transportation and material moving; and food preparation and

serving related. These groups together account for more

than one-half of total employment, or about 67 million workers. Of the five, the office and administrative support group,

with about 22.8 million workers, is the largest, and the transportation and material moving group, withmore than 9.4 million workers, is the smallest. The mean wage in each of these

five major groups is less than the mean wage for all workers

across occupational groups ($16.35). The food preparation

and serving related group has a mean wage of $8.04 per hour,

the lowest among all occupational groups.

A second category consists of five occupational groups

with midsize employment. Accounting for more than onequarter of total employment, or 32.6 million workers, these

groups are management; healthcare practitioner and technical; education, training, and library; construction and extraction; and installation, maintenance, and repair. The mean

wage in each of these groups is greater than the mean wage

for all workers across occupational groups. The management group, with about 7.2 million workers, has the second

largest employment among the midsize occupational groups

and the highest mean wage among all occupational groups.

The installation, maintenance, and repair group, with 5.3 million workers, has the smallest employment and lowest mean

wage among the midsize occupational groups. Still, the mean

wage of $16.81 per hour for this group is higher than the

mean wage for all workers across occupational groups.

The remaining 12 occupational groups account for 22.4

percent of total employment, or 28.6 million workers. Among

these, the business and financial operations group, with

around 4.7 million workers, has the largest employment, and

the farming, fishing, and forestry occupations, with fewer

than 0.5 million, the smallest. Four of the twelve smallest

occupational groups—legal; computer and mathematical; architecture and engineering; and business and financial operations—have the second-, third-, fourth-, and fifth-highest mean wage, respectively, among all occupational groups.

Another four—farming, fishing, and forestry; building and

grounds cleaning and maintenance; personal care and service; and healthcare support—have the second-, third-,

Computer and mathematical ($29.02)

Architecture and engineering ($27.08)

Business and financial operations ($24.32)

Life, physical, and social science ($23.90)

Construction and extraction ($17.05)

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance ($9.80)

Farming, fishing, and forestry ($9.44)

Food preparation and serving related ($8.04)

17.8%

Management ($34.04)

Legal ($33.19)

Healthcare practitioner and technica (@24.01)l

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media ($19.12)

Education, training, and library ($18.81)

Installatiion, maintenance, and repair ($16.81)

Community and social services ($16.44)

Protective service ($15.64)

Sales and related ($13.91)

Production ($13.27)

Office and administrative support ($13.09)

Transportation and material moving ($12.77)

Healthcare support ($10.53)

Personal care and service ($10.10)

5.6%

0.7%

2.2%

1.9%

3.7%

4.8%

0.8%

1.2%

6.0%

4.9%

4.2%

1.2%

2.3%

10.5%

8.8%

7.4%

2.4%

2.2%

3.3%

0.4%

7.7%

0 10,000,000 5,000,000 15,000,000 20,000,000 25,000,000

Employment level (employment share annoted)

Chart 1. Mean hourly wage and percent of total employment by major occupational group, 2001 Occupation group (with mean hourly wage shown in parentheses)
5

$0 $10 $20 $30 $40 $50 $60 $70

Food preparation and serving related occupations

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations

Healthcare support occupations

Office and administrative support occupations

Sales and related occupations

Community and social services occupations

Construction and extraction occupations

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations

Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations

Architecture and engineering occupations

Legal occupations

Chart 2. Wage distribution by occupational group, 2001

Management

Legal

Computer and mathematical

Architecture and engineering

Business and financial operations

Healthcare practioner and technical

Life, physical, and social science

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media

Education, training, and library

Construction and extraction

Installation, maintenance, and repair

Sales and related

Protective service

Community and social services

Personal care and services

Food preparation and serving related

Farming, fishing and forestry

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance

Production

Office and administrative support

Transportation and material moving

Healthcare support

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

$14.62

$12.76

$14.95

$14.36

$12.65

$10.97

$11.54

$7.26

$7.16

$7.68

$8.84

$8.85

$27.32

$8.83 $26.28

$26.44

$27.89

$41.87

$40.71

$34.35

$31.94

$6.15 $27.21

$7.27 $27.81

$20.31

$6.57

$7.47

$21.02

$6.91 $15.48

$5.97 $16.80

$6.18 $15.19

$6.26 $15.44

$5.71 $11.59

$0 $10 $20 $30 $40 $50 $60 $70

Hourly wages

$45.62

$42.76

$39.74

(1)

1 Represents a wage above $70 per hour.

fourth-, and fifth-lowest mean wage.

Percentile wages by occupational group

In addition to total employment and mean wage by major

occupational group, text table 1 also displays the 10th-, 25th-,

50th-, 75th-, and 90th-percentile wages for each of the 22

major occupational groups. A percentile wage shows the

percentage of workers in an occupation who earn less than a

given wage and the percentage who earn more. For example,

the 50th-percentile wage, or median wage, is the pay level at

which 50 percent of workers earn more and 50 percent earn

less. Likewise, 10 percent of workers earn less than the 10thpercentile wage and 90 percent of workers earn less than the

90th-percentile wage. The middle 80 percent of workers in an

occupational group earn wages between these two endpoints.

As indicated earlier, the lowest paid occupational group

is the food preparation and serving related occupations. This

is clearly indicated by the fact that, for each percentile wage

shown, the food preparation and serving related group wage

is lower than that for any of the other groups. In addition to

being the lowest paid occupational group, the food preparation and serving related occupations have the narrowest

distribution of wages among all occupational groups. Ten

percent of workers in this group, or approximately 1 million,

earn less than $5.71 per hour, while ninety percent of the

workers earn less than $11.59 per hour, a difference of only

$5.88 per hour.

In addition to having the highest mean wage, the management occupations have the second widest distribution

of wages between the 10th- and the 90th-percentile wage.

Ten percent of workers in this group earn less than $14.62

per hour, while ninety percent earn less than $66.62 per hour,

a difference of $52.00 per hour. However, the management

group does not have the highest wages in all percentile wage

categories. The group ranks second in the 10th- and 90thpercentile categories. The largest distribution of wages is

among legal occupations, which has a difference of at least

$57.24 between the 10th- and 90th-percentile wages.

 As shown in text table 1, the mean wage in every occupational group is higher than the 50th-percentile, or median,

wage for that group, suggesting that the top half of workers

has a wider wage distribution than does the lower half. In

other words, the distribution of wages in each occupational

group is skewed towards the higher end of the wage range.

Chart 2 uses the percentile wages from text table 1 to

graphically display the wage distribution for each major occupational group. Combined, the portions of the bars represent the middle 80 percent of the distribution for each group.

The left endpoint of the bar indicates the 10th-percentile

wage-–10 percent of workers in the occupational group earn

less than that wage. The right endpoint of the bar indicates

$66.62
6

Text table 2. Mean wages for selected OES occupations and two-digit SIC industries

Financial managers ..................................................... $28.10 $32.18 $37.88 $40.58 $35.09 $31.81 $32.04 $32.52

Accountants and auditors ........................................... 22.05 23.80 23.72 25.89 20.18 21.85 22.41 21.45

Computer programmers ............................................. 24.14 29.81 26.16 29.22 23.82 29.50 26.49 26.20

Sales representatives, wholesale and

 manufacturing, except technical and scientific

 products. .................................................................. 21.31 23.08 22.47 24.22 17.96 21.89 14.51 20.23

Secretaries, except legal, medical, and

 executive .................................................................. 11.10 11.52 13.14 14.80 10.98 13.60 10.50 12.14

Janitors and cleaners, except maids and

 housekeeping workers ............................................ 8.85 8.74 10.47 11.80 8.36 8.49 9.18 9.26

Landscaping and groundskeeping workers .............. 9.61 11.34 10.60 12.85 8.57 10.06 9.40 10.20

Machinery maintenance workers ............................... 10.09 13.80 15.18 21.18 14.27 18.36 16.29 14.83

Agricultural

services

General

building

contractors

Food

stores

Depository

institutions

Food and

kindred

products

(mfg.)

Personal

services

Health

services

Electric,

gas, and

sanitary

services

Occupation

Industry

the 90th-percentile wage–-10 percent of workers in the occupational group earn more than that wage. Similarly, the inner

bar segment between the 25th and 75th percentiles shows

the middle 50 percent of the distribution for each of the occupational groups.

As shown in chart 2, the width of the wage distributions

for both the middle 80 percent and middle 50 percent of workers in an occupational group generally declines with the mean

wage of that group. Wages for the middle 50 percent of

workers are skewed, to varying degrees, toward the lower

end of the pay distribution for all occupational groups. Most

noticeable in this regard are the farming, fishing, and forestry; personal care and service; and sales and related groups.

By contrast, wages for the middle 50 percent of workers in

computer and mathematical; architecture and engineering;

education, training, and library; and installation, maintenance,

and repair groups are comparatively less skewed toward the

lower end of the pay distribution.

In addition to cross-industry estimates for the 22 major

occupational groups, the OES program produces detailed

occupational wages across all industries. These estimates

show that wages for detailed occupations can vary substantially within a major occupational group. This is due to the

fact that occupational groups incorporate data from as many

as 75 specific occupations into the mean hourly wages. For

example, the legal occupations group includes occupations

such as lawyers and legal secretaries. The wages and employment for both are included in the overall wage and employment estimates for legal occupations, even though the

mean hourly wage of lawyers is almost 3 times that of legal

secretaries. The shares of employment accounted for by

these occupations will affect the wages for the entire legal

occupations group. Because of these variations, comparative wages for detailed occupations in different major occupational groups might not follow the overall pattern of wage

difference noted between their respective major groups. Table

1 of this publication shows these variations.

Occupational wages by two-digit SIC industry

The OES program also produces detailed occupational wages

by industry major groups at the two-digit level within the

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. Text table 2

shows the mean wage for eight selected OES occupations in

eight selected two-digit industries. Wages for detailed occupations vary according to industry, as illustrated in the

table. For example, while financial managers have high overall wages compared with other detailed occupations, the

mean wage for financial managers itself varies depending on

the industry in which they are employed.

In fact, among the occupations for which data are shown

in text table 2, financial managers show the largest variation

in wages, with $12.48 separating the highest paying industry

from the lowest. The mean wage for financial managers ranges

from $40.58 per hour in the electric, gas, and sanitary services industry to $28.10 per hour in the agricultural services

industry. Another large difference between industries, $11.09,

occurs for the occupation of machinery maintenance workers. The hourly mean wages for these workers range from

$21.18 per hour in the electric, gas, and sanitary services

industry to $10.09 per hour in agricultural services. The occupation of janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners, exhibits a smaller variation among the selected

industries, with $3.44 separating the highest wage from the

lowest. The mean wage of this occupation across the eight

selected industries ranges from $11.80 per hour in electric,

gas, and sanitary services to $8.36 per hour in food stores.

Similarly, mean wages vary across occupations in an industry. The electric, gas, and sanitary services industry has

the highest wages among industries shown for all occupations except computer programmers, for which it has the third

highest wage. It is interesting that, while the highest wages

for each occupation are fairly concentrated in this single

industry, the lowest wages are found in three industries—

agricultural services, food services, and personal services.

Because text table 2 shows only a sample of industries and

occupations, it may not reflect the overall wage pattern for a

given industry. Detailed information about industries and

occupational employment and wage estimates at the twodigit industry level are available on the OES Web site at

http://www.bls.gov/oes/.
7
7

High-Tech Occupations by

Metropolitan Statistical Area

Patrick Kilcoyne

The term high-tech has always denoted a very ambiguous and amorphous concept. An industry or an occupational field that is commonly known as high-tech

one year could be using technology or skills that are considered to be standard only a few years later. Low-skilled workers can be found in industries known as high-tech, and most

people would not consider these workers to be employed in

high-tech occupations. Similarly, workers who perform highly

skilled functions using the latest technology could be employed in very low-tech, older industries.

However high-tech occupations are defined, practical

knowledge would lead us to expect to find these occupations grouped together, either by wage rate, industry, or geographical area. This article uses criteria based on the level of

technology utilization to identify high-tech occupations. It

then provides a statistical summary by metropolitan statistical

area (MSA) of the wage and employment estimates for technologically oriented occupations. According to the 2001

Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey, there were

dramatic differences in these estimates by MSA.

Defining high-tech

Previous studies have identified high-tech occupations by

the level of education that an individual must have in order

to be employed in a given field. By this standard, many

professional occupations are termed high-tech, even though

the incumbents may be performing their duties using technology that has been available for generations. In other

words, the educational attainment criterion may be useful for

identifying high-wage, or high-potential, jobs but is not directly related to high technology as a concept.

Other researchers have attempted to define high-tech occupations as consisting of workers in industries that utilize

new technologies. The logic of this classification is that,

because the processes being used in these industries are

technically advanced, their employees, to a certain extent,

must be also. However, as with all industries, not all of the

people employed at firms in these industries are producing

technical products or making use of advanced technology

to perform their duties. Therefore, many unskilled workers

and persons not using any cutting-edge technology in their

work would be incorrectly identified as high-tech workers.

Out of consideration for these factors, high-tech occupations are defined for the purposes of this ariticle as consisting of workers who typically or necessarily utilize new technologies—those that are changing the ways in which people

live and work—in order to perform their duties. Using this

criterion and the occupational definitions from the 2000 Standard Occupation Classification (SOC) system, occupations

were selected for inclusion in a high technology subgroup.

A list was compiled of the 36 occupations determined to be

utilizing new technologies to the greatest extent, and they

will be referred to in this article as “high-tech occupations.”

This list of high-tech occupations, shown below, may change

in the future as new technologies become standard, and others are brought into the workplace.

SOC code SOC title

15-1011 Computer and information scientists, research

15-1021 Computer programmers

15-1031 Computer software engineers, applications

15-1032 Computer software engineers, systems software

15-1051 Computer systems analysts

15-1061 Database administrators

15-1081 Network systems and data communications

 analysts

17-2011 Aerospace engineers

17-2031 Biomedical engineers

17-2041 Chemical engineers

17-2061 Computer hardware engineers

17-2071 Electrical engineers

17-2072 Electronics engineers, except computer

17-2151 Mining and geological engineers

17-2161 Nuclear engineers

17-2171 Petroleum engineers

17-3021 Aerospace engineering and operations technicians

17-3023 Electrical and electronic engineering technicians

17-3024 Electro-mechanical technicians

19-1021 Biochemists and biophysicists

19-1022 Microbiologists

19-1041 Epidemiologists

19-1042 Medical scientists, except epidemiologists

19-2011 Astronomers

19-2012 Physicists

19-2021 Atmospheric and space scientists

19-2031 Chemists

Patrick Kilcoyne is an economist in the Division of Occupational

and Administrative Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
8

19-2042 Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographer

19-4021 Biological technicians

19-4031 Chemical technicians

19-4041 Geological and petroleum technicians

19-4051 Nuclear technicians

27-1014 Multi-media artists and animators

29-2011 Medical and clinical laboratory technologists

29-2033 Nuclear medicine technologists

29-2034 Radiologic technologists and technicians

The criterion used in the selection of these occupations

does not always lead to a clear stratification according to the

SOC. For example, although most of the occupations from

the major group Computer and mathematical science occupations (15-0000), are included as high-tech occupations,

some, such as Computer support specialists (15-1041), were

not included because of the nontechnological aspects of

their job duties. Conversely, only one occupation, Multimedia artists and animators (27-1014), was included from the

major group Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media

occupations (27-0000). None of the management and supervisory occupations was included in this list because of the

OES coding principle that these individuals must spend at

least 80 percent of their time supervising workers rather than

performing work that might be considered high-tech. Also,

residual occupations (those with titles ending in the phrase,

“all other”) were excluded from this list.

Yuba City, CA MSA ................................................ 0.61 $54,980 $32,800 7.41 $55,750 $31,140

McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX MSA ..................... .62 39,870 24,410 5.94 44,830 23,230

Jonesboro, AR MSA ............................................. .63 38,500 26,120 8.68 41,370 24,770

Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX MSA ......... .67 46,610 24,590 6.05 44,550 23,480

Punta Gorda, FL MSA........................................... .68 43,790 27,430 11.86 43,990 25,350

Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton, NJ PMSA ................. .68 50,220 31,960 6.52 49,430 30,880

Gadsden, AL MSA ................................................ .69 40,310 26,180 8.65 43,870 24,620

Jacksonville, NC MSA .......................................... .72 41,680 24,620 5.83 42,140 23,680

Stockton-Lodi, CA MSA ........................................ .73 51,240 32,400 5.86 54,520 31,190

Yuma, AZ MSA ...................................................... .73 51,790 24,630 6.19 46,520 23,420

San Jose, CA PMSA ............................................. 10.68 $79,800 $45,210 19.92 $73,460 $43,190

Boulder-Longmont, CO PMSA.............................. 9.81 68,630 37,750 20.26 60,260 36,080

Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, FL MSA .............. 7.15 48,120 30,780 17.88 49,830 28,390

Huntsville, AL MSA ................................................ 6.80 62,710 32,800 16.33 56,070 31,310

Lowell, MA-NH PMSA ........................................... 6.43 71,560 39,120 15.53 62,480 37,410

Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, NC MSA ................. 6.20 65,330 34,730 16.48 55,960 32,900

Washington, DC-MD-VA-WV PMSA ..................... 6.16 67,830 41,030 14.72 63,340 39,250

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA PMSA .................... 5.71 69,880 39,830 14.48 63,890 37,910

Boise City, ID MSA ................................................ 5.67 49,940 31,340 13.69 48,730 29,910

Austin-San Marcos, TX MSA ................................ 5.30 66,370 33,650 14.26 55,420 32,140

Text table 1. Employment shares and wage rates for the 10 metropolitan areas with the largest shares

of high-tech workers, 2001

MSA

High tech Non- Technology group

high-tech

wage

Nontechnology

group

wage

Employment share

Annual

wage

Employment shareAnnual

wage

Text table 2. Employment shares and wage rates for the 10 metropolitan areas with the smallest shares of hightech workers, 2001

High tech Non- Technology group

high-tech

wage

Nontechnology

group

wage

Employment share

Annual

wage

MSA Employment share

Annual

wage

 A different method of classifying workers as high-tech is

to identify major groups in the SOC among whom the use of

technology is prevalent. The four major groups usually considered be the most technologically oriented are: Computer

and mathematical science occupations (15-0000), Architecture and engineering occupations (17-0000), Life, physical,

and social science occupations (19-0000), and Healthcare

practitioner and technical occupations (29-0000). The rationale for including all of the occupations in these groups as

high-tech is that even those workers who are not making use

of cutting-edge technology to perform their tasks are probably associated with other workers who are, thereby achieving higher productivity in their own occupation. When all of

the workers from these major groups are included, the list of

high-tech occupations increases from 36 to more than 100.

The workers in these groups will be referred to in this article

as employed in “technology group occupations.”

Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs)

The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program collected occupational employment and wage data in 337 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in 2001. Text table 1 shows

the 10 MSAs with the largest estimates for high-tech workers as a percentage of total MSA employment, and text table

2 shows the MSAs with the lowest estimates. These tables

(Shares in percent)

(Shares in percent)
9

list the average annual wages for both the high-tech and

technology group occupations, as well as those of all workers outside of these classifications. The map on the following page displays the percentage of high-tech workers for all

MSAs.

In text table 1, the wages for high-tech workers is higher

than the wages for technology group workers in 9 out of the

10 MSAs with the highest percentages of high-tech workers. Conversely, text table 2 shows that the wage estimate

for technology group workers is higher than the wage estimate for high-tech workers in 7 out of the 10 MSAs with the

lowest percentages of high-tech workers. Not surprisingly,

there is a connection between the percentage of high-tech

workers in an area and the percentage of workers in technology group occupations. From these tables, it is also clear

that there is a correlation between the percentage of hightech workers in an area and the level of wages of both hightech and non-high-tech workers in the same area.

Interpreting the results

A correlation coefficient is a number between -1 and 1 that

measures the degree to which two variables are linearly related. If there is perfect linear relationship with positive slope

between the two variables, we have a correlation coefficient

of 1; if there is positive correlation, whenever one variable

has a high (low) value, so does the other. For all MSAs, the

correlation coefficient between the percentage of high-tech

workers in an MSA and the annual wages paid to those

workers in that area is 0.658, while the correlation coefficient

between the percentage of technology group workers in an

MSA and the annual wages paid to those workers in that

area is only 0.481. This would seem to indicate that technology-oriented workers tend to be clustered in communities

that are, generally speaking, technological centers that are

willing to pay more than other areas for workers who possess advanced technical skills. The relationship between

the percentage of employment and wages is much stronger

for the high-tech workers than for the technology group

workers.

The correlation coefficient between the percentage of

high-tech workers in an MSA and the annual wages paid to

all other workers in that MSA is 0.604, while the correlation

coefficient between the percentage of technology group

workers in an MSA and the annual wages paid to all other

workers in that MSA is only 0.418.

This demonstrates that, once again, the more specialized

class of technology workers appears to have a greater effect

on both their own wages and area wages in general than

does the technology group, and that this effect is not accounted for by the relatively higher incomes of the high-tech

workers.

A number of empirical studies have documented that unskilled labor and capital are substitutes, while skilled labor

and capital are complements. Similarly, high-tech workers,

as defined in this article, are performing work that is both

highly skilled and capital intensive, which not only leads to

increased wages but requires fewer unskilled workers. Because of the relatively lower demand for unskilled workers in

high-tech areas, productivity gains and greater demand for

tech workers tend to result in a wage distribution that is more

positively skewed than those in other areas. This would

appear to support the theory of a skill-biased technological

difference between MSAs.

According to this theory, technological advancements

that are introduced into the workplace decrease the demand

for unskilled workers and increase the demand for skilled

workers. Because a decrease in the demand for certain workers will lower their relative wages if the supply of workers is

held constant, technology improvements result in greater

wage inequality between highly skilled and unskilled workers in the labor market. The data presented in this article

indicate that the wages paid to non-high-tech workers within

high-tech MSAs tend to be higher, possibly caused by rent

sharing,1

 increased productivity of non-high-tech workers

due to their high-tech environment, or a substitution of higher

skilled workers for unskilled labor.

1

The rent-sharing hypothesis of wage behavior applies to situations in which employers, for any of a number of reasons, feel compelled to share some of their profits with their employees.
10
11
11

Employment and Wages

in Elementary and Secondary

Schools

Chakinna Brewington

The number of people working directly in the education industries demonstrates the importance of investment in education in the United States. With 11.5

million workers, or about 9 percent of total employment, educational services (Standard Industrial Classification 82) is

one of the largest employing industries in the Nation. The

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) divides SIC 82 into

five three-digit industries: Elementary and secondary schools

(SIC 821); colleges, universities, professional schools and

junior colleges (SIC 822); libraries (SIC 823); vocational

schools (SIC 824); and schools, and educational services,

not elsewhere classified (SIC 829).

Drawing on 2001 data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics’

Occupational Employment Statistics survey (OES), this article focuses on the staffing and wages of teachers, teacher

Text table 1. Employment and annual mean wage for three categories of occupations in elementary and secondary schools

(SIC 821), 2001

Total employment in elementary and secondary schools ................................................... 7,985,850 $36,020

Teachers ............................................................................................................................... 3,662,320 44,120

Kindergarten teachers, except special education .......................................................... 150,760 42,400

Elementary school teachers, except special education ................................................ 1,435,620 43,370

Middle school teachers, except special and vocational education ................................ 569,140 43,550

Vocational education teachers, middle school ................................................................ 18,240 43,420

Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education ........................ 975,100 45,390

Vocational education teachers, secondary school. ....................................................... 103,870 44,970

Special education teachers, preschool, kindergarten, and elementary school ............ 203,180 45,230

Special education teachers, middle school .................................................................... 85,490 43,160

Special education teachers, secondary school. ............................................................ 120,920 45,860

Teacher support .................................................................................................................... 1,073,650 22,180

Librarians ......................................................................................................................... 61,790 46,110

Library technicians .......................................................................................................... 25,600 23,290

Audio-visual collections specialists ................................................................................. 5,600 36,540

Instructional coordinators ................................................................................................ 32,100 53,220

Teacher assistants .......................................................................................................... 948,560 19,450

Administrative ........................................................................................................................ 318,120 66,690

Managerial........................................................................................................................ 287,560 59,460

Business .......................................................................................................................... 19,580 46,040

Financial ........................................................................................................................... 10,980 48,690

Other occupations ................................................................................................................ 2,931,760 32,930

support workers, and administrative workers in elementary

and secondary schools (SIC 821) and highlights the variation in the staffing and wages among States. Table 1 shows

the distribution of employment and annual mean wages for

the detailed occupations in the three occupational groups.

These occupations, combined, account for 5.1 million workers, or about two-thirds of employment in the Nation’s elementary and secondary schools (SIC 821). Teachers are 46

percent of employment in elementary and secondary schools,

while teacher support occupations make up 14 percent and

administrative workers account for 4 percent. Elementary

school teachers, with 1.4 million workers, is the largest detailed occupation within the three occupation groups discussed here, and is also one of the largest occupations in the

United States. Other dominant occupations in this industry

are secondary school teachers and teacher assistants, with

around 1 million employees each, followed by middle school

teachers with about 570,000 employees.

Occupation Employment Annual mean wage

Chakinna Brewington is an economist in the Division of Occupational and Administrative Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
12

As one might expect, about half of those employed by

elementary and secondary schools are teachers. However,

the teachers’ proportion of school employment and their

salary levels are not consistent across all States. For example, teachers’ share of industry employment varies from

33 percent in Kentucky to 56 percent in Missouri. In the

case of earnings, annual mean wages for teaching occupations vary from $59,615 in New York to $31,847 in Montana.

The next section of this article discusses employment of

the teacher, teacher support worker, and administrative

worker groups with regard to various characteristics. The

following section focuses on wages for these occupations.

Employment

There are about 3.6 million teachers in elementary and secondary schools nationwide. Text table 2 shows the share of

employment in teaching occupations that is found in elementary and secondary schools for each of the 50 States and the

District of Columbia. In Delaware, Pennsylvania, Nevada,

Oklahoma, and Wisconsin, teachers represent more than 50

percent of industry employment, while they account for only

33 percent in Kentucky and 36 percent in Michigan.

While some States have higher shares of teachers overall, they may have different concentrations of specific types

of teachers. Elementary school teachers account for the

highest share of elementary and secondary school employment in Nevada (27 percent) and North Dakota (26 percent).

This contrasts with Maine and Rhode Island, which have

the smallest shares, or 13 percent each. States with the highest shares of such teachers include New Mexico (26 percent)

and Louisiana (25 percent) and those with the lowest share

of special education teachers include Indiana (12 percent)

and Texas (11 percent).

As in the case of teachers, the representation of teacher

support occupations varies by State. These support occupations include librarians, library technicians, audio-visual

collections specialists, instructional coordinators, and teacher

assistants. Chart 1 shows the States in which support workers' shares of industry employment are greatest. The States

with the smallest shares of teacher support workers include

West Virginia (7 percent) and Nevada (8 percent). Missouri,

which has the largest share of industry employment for teachers, has the third lowest share of employment in teacher support occupations (9 percent).

There are 948,560 teacher assistants in elementary and

secondary schools, or 12 percent of the industry’s employment. This single occupation accounts for about 90 percent

of the employment in teacher support occupations. In most

States, teacher assistants dominate employment in teacher

support occupations. The occupation’s share of employment ranges from 19 percent in Vermont to 6 percent in West

Virginia.

 The final group of workers examined in this study is administrative employees. Administrative workers, a group that

accounts for 4 percent of employment in elementary and secondary schools, includes all managerial, business, and financial occupations. Clerical workers are not included in

this group. By State, the share of industry employment attributable to administrative occupations varies from under 3

percent in Utah to 5 percent in Arizona, the District of ColumText table 2. Share of employment in teaching occupations as a percent of SIC 821 employment, 2001

Missouri ............................................................ 56

Delaware .......................................................... 55

Pennsylvania .................................................... 53

Nevada. ............................................................ 52

Wisconsin ......................................................... 51

Oklahoma ......................................................... 51

Nebraska .......................................................... 50

West Virginia ..................................................... 49

South Dakota.................................................... 49

South Carolina .................................................. 49

Oregon ............................................................. 49

North Dakota .................................................... 49

New Jersey ...................................................... 49

New York ........................................................... 48

Massachusetts ................................................ 48

Iowa .................................................................. 48

Illinois ................................................................ 48

Connecticut. ..................................................... 48

Alaska ............................................................... 48

Texas ................................................................ 47

Maine ................................................................ 47

United States .................................................. 46

Tennessee ........................................................ 46

Ohio .................................................................. 46

Minnesota ......................................................... 46

State

Georgia ............................................................. 46

Arkansas .......................................................... 46

North Carolina .................................................. 45

New Hampshire ............................................... 45

Mississippi ........................................................ 45

Maryland ........................................................... 45

Louisiana .......................................................... 45

Idaho ................................................................. 45

Colorado ........................................................... 45

Virginia .............................................................. 44

Montana ............................................................ 44

Arizona ............................................................. 44

Vermont ............................................................ 43

Kansas ............................................................. 43

Florida ............................................................... 43

Alabama ............................................................ 43

Utah .................................................................. 42

Hawaii. .............................................................. 42

California ........................................................... 42

New Mexico ...................................................... 41

Wyoming ........................................................... 40

Indiana .............................................................. 40

Washington ....................................................... 39

District of Columbia .......................................... 37

Rhode Island .................................................... 36

Michigan ........................................................... 36

Kentucky .......................................................... 33

State

Percent of

industry

employment

Percent of

industry

employment
13

bia, West Virginia, Alaska, and Delaware. The largest detailed occupation in the administrative worker group is elementary and secondary school administrators, which includes school principals. While these administrators account

for just over 2 percent of industry employment in elementary

and secondary schools, they are reported in 85 percent of all

establishments in this industry.

The occupations outside of the three major categories

discussed here account for about one-third of total employment in elementary and secondary schools. The largest of

these are janitors, school bus drivers, food service workers,

and clerical workers. While these other occupations account

for smaller portions of total employment, they are found in

most schools in all States.

Wage rates

Wage rates for the three major occupational groups in the

education industry are quite different. Nationally, administrative workers earn $66,690 per year. On average, teachers

earn $44,120 per year, or about two-thirds of the administrative workers’ salary, and teacher support occupations earn

$22,180 or about one-third of the administrative wage. Just

as employment for these occupations differs from State to

State, so do wages among workers in these groups. Text

table 3 displays teachers’ annual salaries by State for 2001.

Mean annual salaries for teachers range from $31,847 in Montana to $59,615 in New York.

Relative wages for specific types of teachers also vary by

State. While special education teachers earn wages, that are

4 percent higher on average, than those of non-special education teachers, States premium for special education teachers range from 13 percent in Colorado and 9 percent in Maryland to -9 percent in Hawaii and -6 percent in Missouri and

New Hampshire. Although Colorado has the highest relative wages for special education teachers, the share of teachers accounted for by special education teachers is less than

13 percent. Nationally, 16 percent of all teachers are special

education teachers.

 On average, teacher support workers earn half as much as

teachers. Yet, the differences in wages between the two groups

also depend on where the jobs are located. While teachers in

New York earn the highest wages nationwide, teacher support

workers in the State earn less than half of the teachers’ pay.

Other States, such as Connecticut and New Jersey, that pay

teachers high wages also pay teacher support workers less

than half of what teachers earn. On the other hand, 33 States,

including Maine and Iowa, pay teacher support workers more

than half the wage of teachers, as shown in chart 2. In Nevada and the District of Columbia, teacher support workers

earn three-quarters of the teachers’ wage.

While they represent a small share of industry employment, administrative workers have earnings that far exceed

those earnings of teachers and teacher support workers. In

all States, administrative workers earn more than do teachers. Education administrator is the most commonly reported

occupation in elementary and secondary schools. With an

annual salary of over $71,000 per year, this is among the top

wage-earning occupations in elementary and secondary

schools. Other high-paying occupations in this group include chief executives ($95,510) and computer and information systems managers ($69,420).

ALMOST 8 MILLION PEOPLE are directly or indirectly involved

with educating students in elementary and secondary

schools. Besides elementary school teachers, teacher assistants, and school principals, other occupations that are found

in nearly all schools include counselors, school bus drivers,

food service workers, and janitors. The staffing and wages

for these occupations may vary greatly by State. An understanding of the typical staffing in elementary and secondary

schools may be useful to those interested in employment in

this industry.

Chart 1. States with the highest share of 

employment in teacher support occupations

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

VT

UT

AL

NH

WA

State

Employment share

Chart 1. States with the highest shares of employment in teacher support occupations, 2001

Employment share (in percent)

State

Washington

New Hampshire

Alabama

Utah

Vermont

0 5 10 15 20 25
14

Text table 3. Wage rates for teachers, by State, 2001

Pennsylvania .................................................... $48,552

Alaska ............................................................... 49,647

Maine ................................................................ 38,189

West Virginia ..................................................... 36,671

Rhode Island .................................................... 48,986

Alabama ............................................................ 39,323

Massachusetts ................................................ 46,496

Florida. .............................................................. 41,718

Wyoming ........................................................... 36,450

Ohio .................................................................. 43,237

Virginia .............................................................. 42,481

North Dakota .................................................... 32,300

Delaware .......................................................... 52,672

South Carolina .................................................. 38,676

Vermont ............................................................ 40,380

New Hampshire ............................................... 38,418

Georgia ............................................................. 44,141

California ........................................................... 49,881

Michigan ........................................................... 47,976

Texas ................................................................ 40,142

Indiana .............................................................. 43,279

United States .................................................. 44,122

Minnesota ......................................................... 42,389

Idaho ................................................................. 38,622

North Carolina .................................................. 37,577

State State Mean

wage

Mean

wage

New Mexico ...................................................... $36,835

Illinois ................................................................ 46,484

Hawaii ............................................................... 39,709

Tennessee ........................................................ 35,662

Maryland ........................................................... 44,345

Kentucky .......................................................... 39,067

Louisiana .......................................................... 34,144

Connecticut ...................................................... 52,624

Colorado ........................................................... 40,053

Oregon ............................................................. 42,757

Arizona ............................................................. 37,564

New York ........................................................... 59,615

Oklahoma ......................................................... 33,188

Montana ............................................................ 31,847

Arkansas .......................................................... 34,683

Wisconsin ......................................................... 42,247

Nebraska .......................................................... 37,885

Utah .................................................................. 39,857

Mississippi ........................................................ 32,043

Kansas ............................................................. 35,460

Washington ....................................................... 42,864

District of Columbia .......................................... 46,987

South Dakota .................................................... 32,155

Iowa .................................................................. 34,791

Nevada ............................................................. 40,937

New Jersey ...................................................... 51,201

Missouri ............................................................ 35,441

Chart.2 State annual wages by occupational group

$0

$20,000

$40,000

$60,000

$80,000

$100,000

West VirginiaMaine

Alabama

Iowa

Nebraska

Missouri

Pennsylvania

Georgia

U.S

Alaska

Nevada

District of Columb NewJersey

New York

Annual mean wage

Chart 2. State annual wages by occupational group Annual mean wage

$100,000

$80,000

$60,000

$40,000

Teacher support

$0

West

Virginia

Maine Alabama

Iowa Ne

braska

Missouri

Pennsylvania

GeorgiaU.S Alaska Nevada

District

of

Columbia

New

York

New

Jersey

$20,000

Teachers Administrative
15

New and Emerging Occupations

in the 2000 Occupational

Employment Survey

Jerome Pikulinski

The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey

conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

(BLS) is an important source of information about

new and emerging occupations. Jobseekers, curriculum planners, and students are among those interested in knowing

where the future job opportunities are going to be. Labor

market analysts at the national, State and local levels estimate current employment for occupations and also project

future employment for occupations, as well as openings due

to the need to replace workers currently in an occupation.

The process for developing the current and future employment for an occupation is systematic—starting with collecting information on the current workforce and concluding

with analysis leading to projections of this employment. In

addition to measuring employment for existing occupations,

many of the aforementioned consumers of data also want

information on new occupations.

Background

The identification of new occupations is problematic. By

the time that one can conclusively confirm that there indeed

is a new occupation in the workforce, the occupation is often

no longer new. Complicating the process is the distinction

between an occupation and a job title. An occupation is a

broader concept that generally includes numerous job titles.

When a new title emerges in the workforce, it usually relates

to activities that fall under the definition of an already existing occupation. Conversely, the occupation title sometimes

stays the same, but the core activities that define the occupation change. In the former case there is not a new occupation. In the latter case, a determination must be made as to

whether a new occupation has arisen. These situations describe most of what occurs in the attempt to determine

whether there is a new occupation. Occasionally, a new

occupation appears that has a new title and clearly includes

duties that do not fall within the definition of any existing

occupation. (Typically, these new occupations are coded

into one of the residual classifications of the Standard Occupational Classification. See appendix A.) In addition to the

above, some occupations, although not new, are emerging in

industries in which they were not previously found.

Methodology

The observations in this report were obtained from establishments responding to the OES survey. This survey is

conducted by the State Employment Security Agencies in

cooperation with BLS. The responding establishment is initially provided with a limited list of occupations and their

definitions. Establishment respondents are asked to indicate

on the survey questionnaire how many workers they have in

these occupations, by specific wage intervals. They are

further asked to enter the occupation title and definition for

any worker not covered by the provided occupations and

definitions.

Labor market analysts in the State agency take the respondent entries for occupations not included in the survey

form and determine the occupation classification in which

the associated data should be placed. The occupation classification structure used in the OES survey is the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. (See appendix A for a description of the SOC system.) Entries that

cannot be assigned to a specific detailed occupation in the

SOC are usually assigned to ‘all other’ categories in some of

the occupational divisions. These entries form a potential

pool for identifying new occupations.

Sometimes, the respondent entry is such that the decision as to which occupation it relates to is not clear. In such

cases, the State agency analyst tries to determine whether

the entry falls within the core definition for any occupation

existing in the SOC. If the State analyst determines that the

entry does not appear to relate to any occupation in the

SOC, including the ‘all other’ categories, he or she may opt

to seek assistance from a BLS coding expert. These inquiries

form another potential pool for identifying new occupations.

The information in this report was obtained from the 2000

OES survey. States forwarded the relevant survey entries

dealing with potentially new occupations to BLS for review.

At BLS, the information submitted by all States is reviewed

and grouped by potential occupation. There is a great deal

of judgment that must be exercised at every stage of this

process. As a result, there are no corresponding employ- Jerome Pikulinski is an economist in the Division of Occupational

and Administrative Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
16

Chart 1. New & emerging occupations by establishment size

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

1 - 49 50 -99 100-249 250-999 1000 & Over

Establishment size in employment

Percent distribution

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Percent distribution

1–49 50–99 100–249 250–999 1,000 and over

2000 employment

New and emerging occupations

Chart 1. New and emerging occupations by establishment

employment size, 2000

ment estimates for these occupations. Nonetheless, the

information provided should be useful in the overall effort to

identify new occupations.

Patterns of new and emerging occupations

The 230 selections of potential new and emerging (N&E)

occupations were analyzed as a group with respect to a variety of distributions. These are establishment-size, industry, wage, regional, and SOC classification distributions.

Establishment size. Chart 1 shows that more than 50 percent

of the N&E occupations were reported by establishment units

having fewer than 50 employees. This compares with about

Establishment employment size

40 percent of the employed workforce being in establishments with fewer than 50 employees. It appears that small

firms have an edge in the creation of N&E occupations. These

surveyed units could have been either small firms or special

operating units within larger firms. The smallest percentage

of N&E occupations was reported by firms with more than

1,000 employees.

Industry. New and emerging occupations arise in a number

of industries. More than 40 percent arise in services. This

dominant major group consists of several sectors, including

health, social services, legal assistance, and education, as

well as personal, business, and amusement and recreation

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Services

Transportation and public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

Finance, insurance, and real estate

Manufacturing

Public administration

Mining

Agricultural production-crops

Percent distribution

45

40

35

20

30

10

0

Percent distribution

Services Transportation

and

public

sales

Major industries

Chart 2. New and emerging occupations by industry, 2000

2000 employment

New and emerging occupations

Wholesale and

retail

trade

Finance,

insurance,

and real

estate

ManufacturingPublic

administration

Mining Agricultural

productioncrops

25

15

5
17

Chart 3. Relative wage distribution of new & emerging occupations

0

5

10

15

20

Under $6.75

6.75 - 8.49

8.50 - 10.74

10.75 - 13.49

13.50 - 16.99

17.00 - 21.49

21.50 - 27.24

27.25 - 34.49

34.50 - 43.74

43.75 - 55.49

55.50 - 69.99

70.00 and over

Wage range

Percent distribution

20

15

10

5

0

Percent distribution

Under

$6.75

$6.75–

$8.49

$8.50–

$10.74

$10.75–

$13.49

Chart 3. Relative wage distribution of new and emerging occupations, 2000

$13.50–

$16.99

$17.00–

$21.49

$21.50–

$27.24

$27.25–

$34.49

$34.50–

$43.74

$43.75–

$55.49

$55.50–

$69.99

$70.00

and over

Chart 4. Regional com parison of new & em erging occupations

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

W est M idwest South Northeast

Region

Percent distribution

services. Within manufacturing, the durable goods sector is

the primary source of N&E occupations. As indicated in

chart 2, a variety of other industries account for the remaining occupations.

Almost one-half of the new and emerging occupations

are found in the group of wage ranges from $8.50 to $16.99.

Most of the remaining occupations are found in ranges that

start at $17 and higher. The number of N&E jobs in the

highest wage category reflects new positions for emergency

medical physicians at a number of hospitals.

Region. While the chart 4 suggests that some regions may

account for larger percentages of N&E occupations, no one

State dominates in this regard. The number of new and emerging occupations is relatively high in Western States, proporWage range

Region

Chart 4. Regional comparisons of new and emerging occupations, 2000

2000 employment

45 New and emerging occupations

35

20

30

10

0

Percent distribution

West

25

15

5

40

Midwest South Northeast

tional in the Central States, and low in Southern and Northeastern States when compared with total employment in each

region.1

1

 The following States and areas constitute the regions for which

data are presented in chart 4: Northeast—Connecticut, Delaware,

District of Columbia, Maine, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York,

Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South—Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest—Illinois,

Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska,

North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; and West—

Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Guam, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
18

0246810 12 14

Healthcare suppor

Transportation and material mo

Architecture and engineer

Personal careand servi

Office and administrative sup

Building andgrounds cleaning an

Occupation 

classification

Percent distribution

SOC classification. From an occupational classification perspective, the pattern of N&E occupations consists of a complex distribution that cuts across previously noted industry

patterns. Study and experience show that, within industry

classifications, many positions fall into occupational patterns that cut across industry lines. For example, the healthcare industry obviously requires healthcare support workers, but it also needs managers; installation, maintenence,

and repair personnel; transportation workers; and personnel

to staff business and financial operations. These occupations, in turn, are common to many other industries. Further

detail on these occupations is presented in the next section.

Developments in selected occupational groups

This section highlights and briefly discusses specific occupations flagged as new or emerging, based on the results of

the 2000 OES survey round.

Occupations in the field of information technology

• GIS project managers

• GIS analysts—map production

• GIS analysts—land use

Chart 5. New and emerging occupations by classification, 2000

Percent distribution

The pivotal role of visual information in land use decisionmaking at the local government level continues to generate emerging Geographical Information System (GIS) occupations. Local government infrastructure investments

and land-use regulations require systemic development plans

and other land use data in visual form. Among other uses,

GIS information and models aid in discussions and negotiations between local governments and various private entities, including developers.

Manufacturing processes.

• Senior engineers—operations due diligence

• Quality control crew leaders—production line

The concept of “due diligence” typically refers to a profound review of financial and accounting documents in the

acquisition of a firm or in the process of investing in a firm.

The concept also applies to the engineering and production

activities, for which functional plans and systems may assume equal importance with the financial picture of a firm.

Industry adoption of the International Standards Organization (ISO) 9000 procedures is closely related to the creation

of a variety of management and technical positions that cer0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Legal

Healthcare practitioner and technical

Construction and excavation

Office and administrative support

Education, training, and library

Life, physical, and social sciences

Computer and mathematical science

Personal care and service

Sales and related

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media

Farming, fishing, and forestry

Community and social services

Business and financial operations

Production

Management

Healthcare support

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance

Protective service

Food preparation and serving related

Architecture and engineering

Transportation and material moving

Installation, maintenance, and repair
19

tify the efficacy of the engineering and production functions. Positions intended to certify manufacturing standards

and quality production through use of well-documented procedures and processes continue to emerge.

Healthcare.

• Credentialing positions

• Eligibility, necessity, and utilization reviewers

• Selected medical specialties

• Adjuvant therapists

In the health field, N&E occupations have addressed concerns with legal liabilities, responses to advancing medical

technologies, administrative adjustments to rising costs, and

alternative medical approaches. As a consequence, increased

attention has been directed toward establishing and updating the credentials and certifications of medical personnel.

New technologies and related certifications have created or

changed work content in emergency medicine, endoscopy,

enterostomal therapy, sonography, and retinal angiography,

to list only some areas. Rising costs have created the need

for additional cost-containment positions that determine the

necessity of treatment, the form of treatment, the duration

and location of treatment, and approved providers, among

other cost control measures. Adjuvant, or “helping,” therapies of alternative varieties have created additional occupational opportunities as insurers extend coverage options.

Included among providers of adjuvant therapies are acupuncturists, cultural healers, biofeedback clinicians, and sleep

technicians.

Human service occupations.

• Death and burial management

• Chaplains and religious educators

• Bereavement specialists

• Behavioral modification and adaptation

The aging of the American population continues to create occupations related to deaths and burials. Some associated occupations include “death-call drivers,” who handle

initial disposition of human remains. Others are cemetery

personnel, who handle grave preparation and graveside arrangements. Other positions exist for persons who help in

the management of bereavement and subsequent grief management.

Chaplain occupations and others dealing with religious

education have been reported in nontraditional areas such

as home healthcare services, residential care facilities, other

health and allied services, labor unions and similar labor organizations, and some units of local government. The need

for behavior modification and adaptation by other means

has created demand for habilitation specialists, alcohol education instructors, Americorp volunteers, victim-witness coordinators, and interpreters for the deaf. For example, aggressive enforcement and control efforts, including rehabilitation, have necessitated education and training programs

for persons convicted of driving while intoxicated.

Transportation.

• Aircraft line and support technicians

• Armored car drivers

• Aircraft interior refurbishers

• Ship container placement planners

N&E transportation occupations are aircraft-line personnel, armored car drivers, and ship container placement planners. Aircraft occupations are associated with corporate

aircraft ownership. These aircraft owners require line technicians to move, fuel, and clean airplanes. The growth in the

number of corporate aircraft has led to demand for interior

refurbishers to maintain and renew interior accommodations.

The continued growth of various convenience stores and

fast-food outlets, among other factors, has created a need

for armored car drivers to collect receipts and deliver operating funds. Finally, international trade and current ship container technology have resulted in occupations for specialists who plan the loading and placement of containers aboard

ships.

Security.

• Security screeners

• Crisis response specialists—telephone

• Surveillance analysts

• Construction traffic control officers

• 9-1-1 coordinators

• Alarm monitoring center operators

In 2000, a variety of airport screening occupations appeared. These included managers and assistant managers

of airport screeners, screening supervisors, and screeners.

Similar occupations were created for work in the lobbies and

public areas of commercial and government buildings. Camera surveillance of retail sites created the need for analysts

to review videotapes and reports. The need for telephone

companies to support 9-1-1 call systems required the use of

various coordinators to oversee the installation and maintenance of required switches. The expansion of telephone call

centers of 9-1-1 type systems required increased staffing of

crisis response specialists. The management of traffic around

construction and utility repair sites called for the employment of specialized traffic control personnel. Finally, an ex-
20

panded reliance upon silent alarm systems at businesses

and homes supported the need for alarm monitoring personnel at central alarm locations, partly due to local police complaints about having to respond to false alarms.

Management support.

• Total quality management

• Bankruptcy coordinators

• Governmental affairs specialists

• Disaster business plan specialists

• Regulatory specialists

• Supply chain and process control managers

• Overseas operations specialists

• Conflict of interest specialists

The total quality management label denotes a number of

related occupations that incorporate integrated management

functions: Total quality manager of process and International

Standards Organization (ISO) compliance; ISO management

representative in human resources, data processing, and

safety; document control/safety manager, ISO Procedures;

and safety director/quality control, among others. These

integrated managerial positions have resulted from widespread adoption of the process improvement approach to

management. The positions of governmental affairs specialist and manager of environmental affairs were created to address conditions outside of internal operations. Other regulatory specialist functions are more internal, such as those

performed by regulatory compliance managers; directors,

regulatory affairs and quality assurance; compliance representatives, software sales; regulatory specialists, branch

level; and compliance/document control specialists.

Global business opportunities and requirements have

spurred demand for international sales managers, senior

managers of international affairs, overseas operations specialists, directors of international accounting, and export/

import trade representatives. Domestically, business failures and personal credit problems have created the need for

bankruptcy coordinators at a variety of loan and consumer

finance establishments. At another level, concerns about

business disruptions resulting from natural and other disasters have provided opportunities for specialists who prepare

contingency plans that address possible risks.

Modern systems development and related processes have

created an entirely new set of integrated operations management functions. These require managers of supply chains,

resource managers of material or manufacturing resources

planning (MRP), supply chain managers, and process and

inventory control managers.

Law firms have increasingly found themselves in need of

protection against conflict of interest charges. As a result,

growing numbers of such firms have added conflict of interest specialists to their administrative staffs.

Technology-specific.

• Satellites

• Wheelchair and scooter maintenance

• Environmental care

• Nonmetallic technicians

• Underground operations

• Salvage technicians

The extensive development of satellite technology has

created occupations such as satellite engineers, satellite tracking technicians, field engineers for satellite uplink systems,

satellite tracking equipment repairers, telecommunications

switch technicians, and cable/satellite technicians. Increased

attention to environment management and care has led to

growth in the numbers of restoration cleaning technicians,

fire and water damage restoration technicians, mine cleanup

technicians, waste water technicians dealing with disposal

to city systems, and reverse osmosis repair and service technicians. The expanded use of underground routings of various pipeline and cable systems has boosted demand for

underground utility locators, underground directional boring specialists and operators, and cathodic protection specialists. The mobility needs of an expanding senior population have driven increases in the numbers of wheelchair and

scooter repair and service technicians. The prevalence of

nonmetallic materials in everyday products has created positions for laminator/welders of fiberglass tanks and pipes,

plastic welders, and laminators. Finally, the high intrinsic

value of components and materials going into high-technology products has resulted in an increase in salvage activities and in the growth of occupations engaged in the salvage of such goods as automobile parts and materials in

x-ray units.

Summary and conclusions

The data from the supplemental sheet of the 2000 OES survey questionnaire have yielded a number of observations

about potentially new and emerging occupations. However,

as indicated in the earlier discussion of study methodology,

the methods used to analyze the data more closely resemble

case-study techniques than standard statistical procedures.

No claim is made about statistical significance and reliability; however, comparisons with total employment patterns

suggest the reasonableness of the observations. A number

of occupations have been highlighted here to substantiate

patterns with specific details.

If any conclusions are possible, they are that new and

emerging occupations are appearing throughout the economy, in many industries in many States. Increasing human

needs and new technology serve as the engine and fuel for

the creation and expansion of these jobs.
21

Concentration of Entertainment-related

Employment by Metropolitan Area

Jillian Kerr

Music, sports, art, drama—all Americans enjoy some

form of entertainment. Entertainment workers serve

many functions, from athletes and coaches in the

sports arena to actors and set designers in the theater industry to fine artists and animators in the art world. This article

uses employment data from the Occupational Employment

Statistics (OES) program to locate those metropolitan areas

(MSAs) in which entertainment is created. What are the

entertainment hotspots in the United States? The answer to

this question can be found by examining the concentration

of entertainment workers among metropolitan areas, types

of entertainment, and sources of the entertainment.

The workers discussed in this article produce entertainment. This definition includes artists, actors, musicians, athletes, and models, as well as their agents and business managers. Employees of movie theaters, casinos, and bowling

allies, who contribute to the enjoyment of entertainment but

do not create entertainment, are not among the entertainment workers discussed in this article. OES data, which measure employment by occupation, show that Los Angeles,

CA; New York City, NY; Orlando, FL; and Nashville, TN, are

among the metropolitan areas with the highest concentrations of entertainment-related workers. Text table 1 shows

the employment in entertainment occupations, the total MSA

employment, and the entertainment share of total employment for each of these four metropolitan areas.

Text table 2. Drama-related employment by MSAs with high

concentrations of entertainment employment, 2001

Los Angeles-Long Beach,

 CA ................................... 44,380 1.09 2

New York, NY.................... 37,070 .91 3

Orlando, FL ...................... 2,560 .29 5

Nashville, TN .................... 1,420 .22 9

MSA

Dramarelated

employment

Rank

among

MSAs

Dramarelated

share of

total

Los Angeles-Long Beach,

 CA .................................. 72,030 4,073,150 1.77

New York, NY ................... 56,150 4,056,640 1.38

Orlando, FL ..................... 8,400 871,750 .96

Nashville, TN ................... 4,890 638,970 .77

MSA

employment

Entertainment

employment

Entertainment

share of

total

MSA

Entertainment

With almost 18 out of every 1,000 workers in entertainment

occupations, Los Angeles has the highest concentration of

entertainment workers in the country. This should come as

no surprise, considering the fame of Hollywood and Los

Angeles’s “fashion district.” In New York City, home to the

theater district, Broadway, and art-savvy Soho, 14 out of

every 1,000 people are employed in entertainment services—

second only to Los Angeles. Orlando, the home of many

enormous amusement parks, and Nashville, the home of country music, also are among the MSAs with the largest concentrations of entertainment-related services in the United States.

These four metropolitan areas are the foci of this study.

Entertainment can be divided into four subcategories:

Drama, art, music and sports. The concentration of employment for these four types of entertainment is different in Los

Angeles, New York, Orlando, and Nashville, reflecting each

area’s unique character. Text tables 2 through 5 show the

employment, share of the MSA employment, and rank among

MSAs for each entertainment subcategory in each area. Rank

refers to how the metropolitan area’s concentration of subcategory employment compares with those of the other 336

metropolitan areas in the United States.

Drama

Drama services account for the largest share of entertainment employment in all four metropolitan areas. The drama

subcategory of entertainment includes the following occupations: Set and exhibit designers, actors, producers and Jillian Kerr is an economist in the Division of Occupational and

Administrative Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Text table 1. MSAs with large shares of entertainment

service employment, 2001
22

directors, dancers, choreographers, film and video editors,

and theatrical and performance makeup artists. Text table 2

presents the drama-related employment data for Los Angeles, New York, Orlando, and Nashville.

Los Angeles has the second largest share of drama-related workers among the 337 metropolitan areas in the United

States. More than 1 out of every 100 hundred people employed in Los Angeles is employed in a drama-related occupation. Eighty-one percent of the more than 44,000 people

employed in such occupations are employed by the motion

picture industry. The motion picture industry has a huge

presence in Los Angeles, accounting for 3 percent of the

entire workforce.

Almost 1 percent of New York City’s workforce is employed in drama-related occupations. This city of more than

4 million workers ranks third in the Nation for its concentration of drama-related workers. As in Los Angeles, the motion picture industry employs the largest portion of drama

service workers, 77 percent. The producers, orchestras, and

entertainers industry, which includes Broadway theater companies and casting agencies, is the second largest employer

of drama services, with 9 percent of the area’s workers. Radio and television broadcasting stations are third, employing more than 5 percent of New York drama service workers.

Some of the main attractions at Orlando’s many amusement parks are the live performances. Orlando is fifth in the

country for share of drama workers. Fifty-one percent of its

drama-related workers are in the miscellaneous amusement

and recreation service industry, which includes amusement

parks. Other large employers of drama-service occupations

are the motion picture production and service industry and

the business services industry.

Nashville ranks ninth nationally for its concentration of

drama-related services. Most of the drama-related employment is found in the motion picture production and services

industry; the radio, television, and broadcasting industry;

and the producers, orchestras, and entertainers industry.

Art

Art occupations include fine artists, painters, sculptors, illustrators, multimedia artists, animators, and fashion designers. Text table 3 presents art-related employment data for the

four metropolitan areas with high concentrations of entertainment employment.

Los Angeles-Long Beach,

CA ...................................... 5,330 0.13 10

New York, NY..................... 5,630 .14 6

Orlando, FL ....................... 740 .09 26

Nashville, TN ..................... 660 .10 14

MSA Art-related

employment

Art-related

share

of total

Rank

among

MSAs

Text table 4. Music-related employment in MSAs with high

concentrations of entertainment employment, 2001

Los Angeles-Long Beach,

 CA .................................... 5,610 .14 12

New York, NY ..................... 8,780 .22 5

Orlando, FL ....................... 580 .07 64

Nashville, TN ..................... 840 .13 14

MSA

Musicrelated

employment

Musicrelated

share

of total

Rank

among

MSAs

Los Angeles has the tenth largest share of art-related

workers in the United States. The motion picture industry

not only employs drama-related workers but also many artistic workers. Thirty-one percent of the MSA’s artists, such as

fine artists and animators, are found in this industry. The

wholesale trade of nondurable goods industry, which includes men’s, women’s, and children’s fashions, footwear,

and accessories, employs art workers such as designers and

illustrators. Seventeen percent of workers employed in artrelated occupations in Los Angeles are employed in this

fashion industry, the second largest employer of art-related

workers in the area.

Advertising is the dominant industry employing art-related service workers in New York City. More than 22 percent of New York City’s art-related employees are found in

this industry. With 5,630 people employed in art-related jobs,

New York City is sixth in the country for its share of artrelated workers. Other industries that employ more than 5

percent of art-service workers in this metropolitan area are

apparel, piece goods, and notions; printing and publishing;

motion picture production and services; and radio and television broadcasting.

Orlando’s art employment is not dominated by any industry. However, art employment in Orlando is concentrated in

several industries. The amusement and recreation services

industry; the engineering and architectural services industry; and the motion picture production and services industry

are all significant employers of the area’s art-related workers.

Nashville ranks 14thin the country in art-related employment. Art-related employment in Nashville is found in the

business services industry and the motion picture industries.

Music

The music subcategory consists of music directors, composers, musicians, singers, musical instrument repairers and

tuners. Text table 4 displays employment data for the music

subcategory in Los Angeles, New York, Orlando, and Nashville.

Los Angeles has the 12th largest share of music employees in the country. The industry comprising theatrical producers, bands, orchestras, and entertainers employs 52 percent of these workers in Los Angeles. Religious organizations

employ another 10 percent of music service-related workers.

Text table 3. Art-related employment in MSAs with high

concentrations of entertainment employment, 2001
23

Text table 6. MSAs with the highest shares of sports service

employment, 2001

Great Falls, MT ................. 120 0.39 1

Grand Forks, ND-MN ....... 170 .37 2

Kenosha, WI ...................... 180 .36 3

St. Joseph, MO ................. 160 .37 4

Bellingham, WA .................. 230 .36 5

MSA

Sportsrelated

employment

Sportsrelated

share of

total

Rank

among

MSAs

Text table 5. Sports-related employment by MSA with high

concentrations of entertainment employment, 2001

Los Angeles-Long Beach,

 CA .................................... 2,233 0.06 221

New York, NY ..................... 1,771 .4 256

Orlando, FL ....................... 813 .9 118

Nashville, TN ..................... 732 .16 86

MSA

Sportsrelated

employment

Sportsrelated

share of

total

Rank

among

MSAs

New York has a larger music community than Los Angeles: 8,800 versus 5,600. More than 2 out of every 1,000 workers in New York City and almost 16 percent of entertainment

service workers in New York City are involved with music

services. These figures make New York City the area with

the fifth highest concentration of music service workers in

the Nation. Eighty-nine percent of area workers with musicrelated occupations are employed in the producers, orchestras, and entertainers industry.

In Orlando, many music-related workers are employed by

membership organizations and repair services. Membership organizations include religious services as well as other

civil and social organizations. These workers would include

the musicians, who perform at church services, and the musical instrument repairers and tuners, who work behind the

scenes.

Nashville, famous for country music, is ranked 14th nationally in terms of employment in music-related services.

The producers, orchestras, and entertainers industry employs the most music-related services in this area.

Sports

The sports subcategory is unique among the entertainment

subcategories. The sports category contains athletes and

sports competitors, coaches, scouts, umpires, referees, and

athletic trainers. None of the four metropolitan areas already

discussed in this article has a high concentration of sportsrelated workers. In fact, Nashville, which has the highest

share of sports-related workers among the four areas discussed, ranks 86th among all MSAs in terms of employment

of such workers. Text table 5 shows that, in the sports

subcategory, Los Angeles is ranked 221st; New York City,

226th; Orlando, 118th; and Nashville, 86th.

Because this article focuses on subcategories of entertainment employment as a share of overall employment,

smaller cities stand out in sports-related employment due to

affiliations with schools, semiprofessional sports teams, and

other sports organizations. Text table 6 shows that the areas

with the highest concentrations of sports-related occupations are Great Falls, MT; Grand Forks, ND; Kenosha, WI;

Saint Joseph, MO; and Bellingham, WA. These five metropolitan areas all are among the 100 areas in the United States

with the smallest employment.

LOS ANGELES, NEW YORK CITY, ORLANDO, AND NASHVILLE are

clearly hotspots of American entertainment. Each metropolitan area employs entertainers in different industries, which

gives each area a unique character. Los Angeles and New

York City have a flare for fashion and the dramatic arts. Entertainment in Orlando thrives through its amusement parks.

Country music influences Nashville culture. The sports entertainment field has a unique niche in American life, very

different from that of the other forms of entertainment. The

products of the American entertainment industry are enjoyed

worldwide but their production is concentrated in a small

number of population centers. 
25

An Examination of the Employment

and Wages of FAA-certified

and FAA-noncertified Aircraft

Mechanics and Service

Technicians, 2001

Michael Soloy

I

n 2001, aircraft mechanics and service technicians certified by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) earned

an average $21.14 per hour, according to the Bureau of

Labor Statistics’ Occupational Employment Statistics survey. Aircraft mechanics and service technicians without FAA

certification averaged $16.45 per hour, over $4 less than their

FAA-certified counterparts. Total employment for aircraft

mechanics and service technicians in all industries in 2001

was 135,250. Because the Federal Government may use Federal certification types other than FAA for its aircraft mechanics, only data for private industry are discussed here.

Private industry employed 114,300 aircraft mechanics and

service technicians in 2001. Of this total, almost 82 percent

were FAA certified.

Over 95 percent of the private industry employment for

aircraft mechanics and service technicians could be found in

seven industries: Aircraft and parts manufacturing; air transportation, scheduled; air transportation, nonscheduled; airports, flying fields, and services; machinery, equipment, and

supplies, wholesale trade; personnel supply services; and

management and public relations. (Two of these industries,

personnel supply services and management and public relations, have been combined for this summary.) Employment

and wage data for aircraft mechanics and service technicians

in these industries are presented in text table 1. The industries are as defined at the three-digit level of the U.S. Office

of Management and Budget’s 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC).

The mean wage for FAA-certified aircraft mechanics and

service technicians was higher than the mean wage for their

FAA-noncertified counterpart in each of the six three-digit

Michael Soloy is an economist in the Division of Occupational

and Administrative Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Text table 1. Employment and mean wages for aircraft mechanics and service technicians in selected industries, by FAA

certification status, 2001

SIC code SIC name Certification Employment Mean wage

 372 Aircraft and parts manufacturing FAA-certified 8,150 $20.98

FAA-noncertified 6,850 18.35

 451 Air transportation, scheduled FAA-certified 54,900 22.23

FAA-noncertified 1,240 17.62

 452 Air transportation, nonscheduled FAA-certified 5,530 20.53

FAA-noncertified 860 16.58

458 Airports, flying fields, and services FAA-certified 18,410 18.33

FAA-noncertified 7,860 14.54

 508 Machinery, equipment, and supplies, FAA-certified 1,930 16.90

wholesale trade FAA-noncertified 380 14.73

 736 and 874 Personnel supply services and FAA-certified 1,330 20.63

management and public relations FAA-noncertified 1,400 17.18

NOTE: SIC is the industry's 1987 Standard Industrial Classification, as defined by the U.S. Office of Management Budget.
26

Chart 1. Hourly mean w ages of FAA-certified and FAA-noncertified aircraft mechanics and

service technicians, selected industries, 2001

$10

$12

$14

$16

$18

$20

$22

$24

Aircraft and

parts ,

m anufacturing

Air

trans portation,

scheduled

Air

trans portation,

nonscheduled

Airports , flying

fields , & s ervices

Machinery,

equipm ent, and

supplies,

wholes ale trade

Personnel

s upply s ervices

and

management

and public

relations

SIC code

Hourly mean wage

FAA certified

Non-FAA certified

industries. (See chart 1.) The highest industry mean wage

for FAA-certified aircraft mechanics was found in air transportation, scheduled, at $22.23 per hour. The highest industry mean wage for FAA-noncertified workers was found in

aircraft and parts manufacturing, at $18.35 per hour.

As indicated earlier, total private sector employment of

aircraft mechanics and service technicians was split 82 percent to 18 percent between certified and noncertified workers. There was wide variation among the six industries, however, in the pattern of employing certified versus noncertified

mechanics. (See chart 2.) The highest percentage of FAAcertified aircraft mechanics was in air transportation, scheduled, which had 98 percent of its aircraft mechanics so classified. The lowest percentage of FAA-certified aircraft

mechanics was found in personnel supply services and management and public relations, in which, taken together, only

49 percent were certified.

The percentages of aircraft mechanics and service technicians classified as FAA certified varied by State. Of the 49

States reporting aircraft mechanics and service technicians,

16 reported over 95 percent of their employment for this occupation as FAA certified. An additional 20 States reported

over 80 percent of their employment as FAA certified. A total

of 47 States reported over 50 percent of their employment for

this occupation as FAA certified. However, an examination

of the data at both the area and industry levels shows that

industry has a much larger effect on the share of aircraft

mechanics and service technicians who are FAA certified

than does area. In States with high percentages of aircraft

mechanics and service technicians classified as FAA certified, most of the employment for this occupation tended to

be found in the scheduled air transportation and unscheduled air transportation industries. States with lower percentages classified as FAA certified generally had more employment for this occupation in the personnel supply services;

management and public relations; and aircraft and parts manufacturing industries. Within a given industry, the percentages of aircraft mechanics and service technicians classified

as FAA certified were very similar across States.

The percentage of each type of mechanic also varied by

the size of the employing establishment. On average, establishments with higher total employment had higher percentages of aircraft mechanics and service technicians classified

as FAA certified. Among establishments that employed at

least one worker in the occupation, those with fewer than 50

total employees had, on average, 69 percent of their aircraft

mechanics and service technicians classified as FAA certified. Establishments with between 50 and 250 total employees reported an average 77 percent of such workers as FAA

certified, while in establishments with 250 or more total employees an average 87 percent of aircraft mechanics were

certified.

Individual establishments can be classified into three

groups based upon the type of aircraft mechanics and ser24

22

18

16

20

14

10

Hourly mean wage

Industry

Aircraft and

parts

manufacturing

Chart 1. Hourly mean wages of FAA-certified and FAA-noncertified

aircraft mechanics and service technicians, selected industries, 2001

12

Air

transportation,

scheduled

Air

transportation,

unscheduled

Airports, flying

fields, and

services

Machinery,

equipment, and

supplies,

wholesale trade

Personnel

supply

services and

management

and public

relations

Dollars

FAA certified

FAA-noncertified
27

Chart2. Share of FAA certified and non-FAA certified Aircraft mechanics and

service technicians in selected Industries

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Air transportation,

scheduled

Air transportation,

nonscheduled

Airports, flying

fields, & services

Aircraft and parts,

manufacturing

Machinery,

equipment, and

supplies,

wholesale trade

Personnel supply

services and

management and

public relations

Percent FAA certified

Non-FAA certified

vice technicians they employed: Those that reported only

FAA-certified aircraft mechanics and service technicians,

those that reported only FAA-noncertified workers, and those

that reported both types. Of the establishments surveyed

that reported aircraft mechanics and service technicians,

approximately 64 percent reported only the FAA-certified

type, 19 percent reported only FAA-noncertified workers,

and 17 percent reported both types. For the establishments

that reported both types, about 57 percent of the total employment was FAA certified.

As with the employment percentages, these establishment-type percentages also vary by industry. Within the

scheduled air transportation industry, 88 percent of establishments reported only FAA-certified aircraft mechanics, 3

percent reported only FAA-noncertified workers, and 9 percent reported both types. For the combined personnel supply services and management and public relations industry

group, 58 percent of establishments reported only FAA-certified aircraft mechanics, 28 percent reported only FAAnoncertified personnel, and 14 percent reported both types.

Additional information about aircraft mechanics and service technicians can be found in the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Occupational Outlook Handbook. This Handbook includes a detailed description of the working environment,

training requirements, and employment growth outlook for

aircraft mechanics and service technicians. The Handbook

is available online at http://www.bls.gov/oco/home.htm or may

be purchased from the U.S. Government Printing Office.

Aircraft and

parts

manufacturing

Chart 2. Share of FAA certified and FAA-noncertified aircraft mechanics and

service technicians in selected industries, 2001

Air transportation,

scheduled

Air transportation,

unscheduled

Airports, flying

fields, and

services

Machinery,

equipment,

and supplies,

wholesale

trade

Personnel

supply

services and

management

and public

relations

Percent

100

90

60

50

80

40

20

30

70

10

0

FAA certified

FAA-noncertified

Industry
Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey by occupation, 2001

Hourly Annual1 10th 25th 50th 

(Median) 75th 90th

Management occupations 

Chief executives.......................................................................................................... $51.77 $107,67 455,930 0 $23.52 $36.93 $57.91 (2) (2)

General and operations managers.............................................................................. 35.37 2,064,220 73,570 14.99 20.81 31.25 48.22 (2)

Legislators.................................................................................................................. 67,400 13.54 28,170 5.69 6.17 7.05 17.00 31.20 

Advertising and promotions managers........................................................................ 85,850 31.23 64,960 14.04 18.45 26.90 40.96 60.52 

Marketing managers................................................................................................... 189,140 78,410 37.70 18.14 25.06 35.75 49.57 66.61 

Sales managers.......................................................................................................... 317,410 77,000 37.02 17.35 23.79 34.43 49.12 68.97 

Public relations managers........................................................................................... 64,920 30.90 64,280 15.12 20.28 27.50 39.20 54.28 

Administrative services managers............................................................................... 311,600 26.67 55,460 12.10 16.41 23.95 34.26 45.82 

Computer and information systems managers............................................................ 267,310 40.33 83,890 22.31 30.03 39.65 51.03 64.95 

Financial managers..................................................................................................... 570,110 36.26 75,430 18.05 24.17 33.75 46.26 65.72 

Human resources managers....................................................................................... 194,470 31.89 66,330 16.69 21.91 29.75 40.65 52.40 

Industrial production managers................................................................................... 183,050 32.84 68,310 17.99 23.35 31.01 41.00 52.86 

Purchasing managers................................................................................................. 107,130 29.44 61,250 14.79 19.85 27.24 36.93 48.60 

Transportation, storage, and distribution managers..................................................... 108,590 29.48 61,330 15.96 20.88 27.52 36.18 46.20 

Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers............................................................. 5,720 22.41 46,610 11.25 15.09 20.27 27.10 37.04 

Construction managers............................................................................................... 213,960 66,190 31.82 17.66 22.58 29.35 38.74 52.15 

Education administrators, preschool and child care center/program............................ 52,640 17.78 36,980 9.18 11.54 15.32 21.32 30.60 

Education administrators, elementary and secondary school....................................... 200,440 (3) 71,130 475103 569503 692403 847903 1010703

Education administrators, postsecondary.................................................................... 94,120 32.09 66,760 16.18 21.40 29.66 40.87 54.15 

Engineering managers................................................................................................ 214,760 88,900 42.74 26.78 33.57 42.06 52.69 65.23 

Food service managers.............................................................................................. 260,880 38,290 18.41 9.79 12.51 16.17 21.19 29.58 

Funeral directors......................................................................................................... 25,300 23.27 48,400 11.16 15.41 20.20 27.24 39.86 

Gaming managers...................................................................................................... 3,470 28.38 59,020 14.01 19.35 25.70 34.42 47.84 

Lodging managers...................................................................................................... 31,040 17.71 36,830 9.56 12.14 15.80 20.97 27.62 

Medical and health services managers........................................................................ 227,410 64,550 31.03 17.58 22.36 28.47 36.92 50.17 

Natural sciences managers......................................................................................... 42,650 39.88 82,940 21.38 28.21 38.66 51.46 67.03 

Postmasters and mail superintendents........................................................................ 26,640 22.50 46,810 16.92 18.64 21.39 26.55 31.66 

Property, real estate, and community association managers....................................... 156,180 44,080 21.19 8.52 11.98 17.45 26.42 40.15 

Social and community service managers.................................................................... 100,810 44,540 21.41 11.50 14.97 19.84 26.27 34.07 

Business and financial operations occupations 

Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes............................ 10,270 30.04 62,480 12.88 18.16 26.71 36.91 58.89 

Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products............................................................. 17,640 21.70 45,130 11.16 14.59 18.60 25.57 37.17 

Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products..................................................... 131,670 44,200 21.25 10.82 13.69 18.55 25.75 35.45 

Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products.................................. 228,360 46,090 22.16 12.88 16.08 20.79 27.07 33.86 

Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators........................................................... 200,510 45,350 21.80 12.67 15.74 20.40 26.66 33.82 

Insurance appraisers, auto damage............................................................................ 12,110 20.37 42,360 13.00 16.28 20.10 24.50 28.08 

Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety

 and transportation.................................................................................................... 136,580 46,250 22.23 12.79 15.89 20.50 26.87 34.41 

Cost estimators........................................................................................................... 188,840 50,450 24.25 13.69 17.30 22.58 29.43 37.64 

Emergency management specialists........................................................................... 10,720 21.76 45,260 10.88 15.10 20.08 27.46 35.52 

Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists.................................................. 173,940 44,320 21.31 11.30 14.02 18.27 25.34 34.95 

Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists.................................................. 81,450 22.09 45,950 12.72 16.08 20.83 26.64 33.79 

Training and development specialists.......................................................................... 186,780 44,800 21.54 11.60 15.05 20.09 26.87 34.13 

Management analysts................................................................................................. 363,890 64,470 31.00 16.84 21.43 27.87 37.61 52.70 

Meeting and convention planners................................................................................ 29,560 19.08 39,680 11.18 13.79 17.57 22.68 29.45 

Accountants and auditors............................................................................................ 881,390 50,690 24.37 14.08 17.23 21.82 28.65 38.42 

Appraisers and assessors of real estate..................................................................... 59,630 20.39 42,420 9.89 13.36 18.72 25.62 33.62 

Budget analysts.......................................................................................................... 60,620 25.50 53,040 15.90 19.35 24.29 30.55 37.35 

Credit analysts............................................................................................................ 66,710 22.68 47,170 12.03 15.03 20.02 27.09 36.86 

Financial analysts........................................................................................................ 157,770 62,440 30.02 16.12 20.36 26.50 35.70 51.79 

Personal financial advisors.......................................................................................... 83,820 33.32 69,310 12.77 17.47 27.75 47.66 (2)

Insurance underwriters................................................................................................ 92,780 23.45 48,770 13.33 16.42 21.19 28.14 36.90 

Financial examiners.................................................................................................... 24,570 28.78 59,860 14.96 19.31 26.46 35.79 47.92 

Loan counselors.......................................................................................................... 29,710 17.19 35,760 10.77 12.32 15.13 19.79 27.65 

Loan officers............................................................................................................... 213,450 50,070 24.07 12.09 15.29 20.78 29.21 41.79 

Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents........................................................... 68,780 21.72 45,180 11.19 14.97 20.61 28.28 34.29 

Tax preparers............................................................................................................. 59,520 15.73 32,710 7.05 8.82 13.31 19.25 27.85 

Computer and mathematical operations occupations 

Computer and information scientists, research............................................................ 25,620 37.01 76,970 20.48 27.55 36.12 45.82 57.28 

Computer programmers.............................................................................................. 501,550 62,890 30.23 17.01 22.19 28.90 37.42 46.34 

Computer software engineers, applications................................................................. 361,690 72,370 34.79 21.34 26.54 33.76 42.34 52.48 

Computer software engineers, systems software........................................................ 261,520 74,490 35.81 22.03 27.74 35.23 43.49 53.24 

Computer support specialists...................................................................................... 493,240 41,920 20.16 10.92 14.07 18.54 24.73 32.53 

Computer systems analysts........................................................................................ 448,270 63,710 30.63 18.69 23.48 29.80 37.01 44.81 

Database administrators............................................................................................. 104,250 28.08 58,420 14.75 19.34 26.37 36.10 44.37 

Network and computer systems administrators........................................................... 227,840 56,440 27.14 16.26 20.37 25.85 32.84 41.30 

Network systems and data communications analysts.................................................. 126,060 60,300 28.99 16.56 21.24 27.63 35.25 44.07 

Actuaries..................................................................................................................... 13,210 35.92 74,720 18.66 23.67 32.75 46.42 63.76 

Mathematicians........................................................................................................... 3,080 35.21 73,230 17.91 26.91 35.96 43.84 52.93 

Operations research analysts...................................................................................... 57,520 28.49 59,270 15.95 20.18 26.67 35.26 44.00 

Statisticians................................................................................................................. 17,040 27.44 57,080 14.14 18.57 25.98 35.00 43.28 

Mathematical technicians............................................................................................ 1,720 21.35 44,410 11.13 13.79 17.58 24.89 40.07 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Occupation

Percentiles

Employment

Mean wages
Hourly Annual1 10th 25th 50th 

(Median) 75th 90th

Architecture and engineering occupations 

Architects, except landscape and naval....................................................................... 84,980 $28.65 $59,590 $17.08 $20.94 $26.67 $34.78 $42.90

Landscape architects.................................................................................................. 17,980 24.83 51,640 13.77 17.01 22.46 30.56 38.26 

Cartographers and photogrammetrists........................................................................ 7,810 20.84 43,350 12.05 15.06 19.95 25.88 31.75 

Surveyors.................................................................................................................... 54,650 19.96 41,510 10.45 13.73 18.87 25.01 31.66 

Aerospace engineers.................................................................................................. 74,380 34.32 71,380 23.46 27.79 33.83 41.05 47.70 

Agricultural engineers.................................................................................................. 2,550 26.11 54,300 15.83 18.79 23.59 32.83 41.57 

Biomedical engineers.................................................................................................. 6,960 30.45 63,330 18.29 22.73 28.75 36.75 45.21 

Chemical engineers.................................................................................................... 31,710 34.99 72,780 22.83 27.29 33.74 41.82 51.29 

Civil engineers............................................................................................................ 205,370 61,000 29.33 18.76 22.68 28.09 34.71 42.94 

Computer hardware engineers.................................................................................... 67,590 35.72 74,310 22.00 27.11 34.40 43.58 54.24 

Electrical engineers..................................................................................................... 151,300 68,630 32.99 21.16 25.78 32.16 39.95 47.32 

Electronics engineers, except computer...................................................................... 123,210 69,710 33.52 21.93 26.53 32.86 40.40 48.00 

Environmental engineers............................................................................................. 48,700 30.11 62,640 18.50 22.98 29.45 36.51 43.46 

Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors............. 36,420 28.41 59,090 17.74 22.34 27.68 34.07 41.31 

Industrial engineers..................................................................................................... 161,540 61,940 29.78 19.13 23.72 29.22 35.25 42.66 

Marine engineers and naval architects........................................................................ 4,860 32.18 66,940 19.60 24.85 32.12 39.79 46.05 

Materials engineers..................................................................................................... 22,920 30.21 62,840 18.88 23.61 29.45 36.51 43.49 

Mechanical engineers.................................................................................................. 204,310 63,530 30.54 19.54 23.90 29.54 36.65 44.12 

Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers........................... 6,090 31.43 65,370 17.80 23.35 29.89 38.34 47.67 

Nuclear engineers....................................................................................................... 14,180 38.56 80,200 27.94 32.11 38.50 43.92 52.57 

Petroleum engineers................................................................................................... 11,420 39.33 81,800 23.41 30.13 39.14 49.22 58.41 

Architectural and civil drafters..................................................................................... 99,160 18.55 38,580 11.71 14.39 17.79 21.45 26.73 

Electrical and electronics drafters................................................................................ 39,300 20.77 43,200 12.08 15.04 19.27 25.21 32.33 

Mechanical drafters..................................................................................................... 69,150 20.07 41,750 12.12 15.04 19.05 24.20 29.80 

Aerospace engineering and operations technicians..................................................... 15,570 24.75 51,470 15.98 19.91 24.27 28.73 34.38 

Civil engineering technicians....................................................................................... 85,920 18.54 38,550 10.93 13.88 17.98 22.50 27.16 

Electrical and electronic engineering technicians......................................................... 220,800 43,220 20.78 12.80 15.98 20.26 24.95 29.34 

Electro-mechanical technicians................................................................................... 42,130 19.18 39,890 11.45 14.63 18.34 22.30 27.65 

Environmental engineering technicians........................................................................ 17,970 18.82 39,140 10.99 13.71 17.59 22.70 29.27 

Industrial engineering technicians................................................................................ 59,500 21.15 43,980 12.89 15.60 19.70 25.51 32.62 

Mechanical engineering technicians............................................................................ 54,430 20.51 42,650 13.13 15.89 19.67 24.34 29.34 

Surveying and mapping technicians............................................................................ 56,430 14.81 30,810 8.81 10.72 13.56 17.98 22.68 

Life, physical, and social science occupations 

Agricultural and food scientists.................................................................................... 13,470 25.15 52,310 13.79 17.24 23.28 31.54 41.03 

Biochemists and biophysicists..................................................................................... 16,130 29.66 61,680 16.31 19.97 27.45 37.70 46.98 

Microbiologists............................................................................................................ 15,520 26.20 54,500 14.78 18.55 23.98 32.03 41.93 

Zoologists and wildlife biologists.................................................................................. 12,950 22.79 47,400 13.77 17.13 22.22 26.94 33.54 

Conservation scientists............................................................................................... 12,750 23.78 49,460 14.69 18.69 23.54 27.95 33.59 

Foresters.................................................................................................................... 10,480 22.65 47,110 13.94 17.39 22.16 26.68 33.03 

Epidemiologists........................................................................................................... 3,970 26.72 55,590 17.49 21.74 25.34 30.50 38.21 

Medical scientists, except epidemiologists.................................................................. 46,430 30.12 62,650 14.22 18.96 26.90 38.56 53.73 

Astronomers............................................................................................................... 900 36.73 76,390 19.24 24.83 37.29 48.21 55.11

Physicists.................................................................................................................... 10,880 40.26 83,750 23.71 31.35 40.23 50.14 59.24 

Atmospheric and space scientists............................................................................... 6,770 29.55 61,470 15.10 20.40 29.58 37.05 44.64 

Chemists..................................................................................................................... 84,870 26.86 55,880 14.64 18.60 24.93 33.73 43.19 

Materials scientists...................................................................................................... 8,360 31.18 64,850 15.69 21.63 30.17 40.30 49.99 

Environmental scientists and specialists, including health............................................ 57,430 24.38 50,700 14.26 17.52 22.75 29.94 37.65 

Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers................................................... 23,030 30.83 64,120 15.94 21.06 28.01 38.89 52.65 

Hydrologists................................................................................................................ 7,340 28.16 58,570 17.72 21.50 27.11 33.56 41.47 

Economists................................................................................................................. 13,390 34.78 72,350 18.12 23.84 32.24 43.55 57.51 

Market research analysts............................................................................................ 108,940 58,230 27.99 13.70 18.41 25.70 35.80 46.62 

Survey researchers..................................................................................................... 20,690 15.70 32,660 7.34 8.29 11.17 21.04 31.19 

Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists............................................................. 95,640 25.72 53,500 14.27 18.11 24.24 31.50 39.72 

Industrial-organizational psychologists........................................................................ 1,380 33.63 69,950 18.64 24.76 31.74 40.96 54.88 

Sociologists................................................................................................................. 1,820 27.19 56,560 12.63 18.69 26.38 34.78 43.34 

Urban and regional planners....................................................................................... 31,130 24.24 50,430 14.88 18.34 23.33 29.08 35.69 

Anthropologists and archeologists............................................................................... 4,190 20.10 41,800 11.18 13.45 18.70 25.11 32.05 

Geographers............................................................................................................... 750 24.10 50,130 15.32 18.71 23.28 29.42 33.79 

Historians.................................................................................................................... 2,010 21.56 44,850 10.98 14.87 20.64 27.58 33.92 

Political scientists........................................................................................................ 4,220 37.94 78,920 18.95 27.81 39.11 49.48 56.08 

Agricultural and food science technicians.................................................................... 17,310 14.30 29,750 8.08 10.36 13.24 17.04 22.34 

Biological technicians.................................................................................................. 43,560 16.36 34,030 9.81 12.22 15.52 19.75 24.59 

Chemical technicians.................................................................................................. 71,000 18.20 37,850 10.67 13.46 17.40 22.20 27.14 

Geological and petroleum technicians......................................................................... 11,930 19.85 41,300 9.30 14.31 18.53 24.73 30.94 

Nuclear technicians..................................................................................................... 5,230 29.56 61,490 18.87 23.78 28.70 34.91 43.42 

Environmental science and protection technicians, including health............................ 25,750 17.62 36,650 10.10 13.06 16.68 21.49 26.69 

Forensic science technicians....................................................................................... 6,730 19.38 40,300 11.68 14.48 18.45 23.64 28.93 

Forest and conservation technicians........................................................................... 16,430 15.44 32,110 9.45 11.57 14.64 18.35 21.42 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Occupation

Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey by occupation, 2001 - Continued

Percentiles

Employment

Mean wages
Hourly Annual1 10th 25th 50th 

(Median) 75th 90th

Community and social service occupations 

Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors................................................. 61,580 $15.09 $31,390 $9.47 $11.67 $14.36 $17.72 $21.41

Educational, vocational, and school counselors........................................................... 201,500 45,540 21.90 11.98 15.88 20.90 26.88 33.32 

Marriage and family therapists.................................................................................... 20,380 16.94 35,230 9.58 12.05 15.73 20.32 26.09 

Mental health counselors............................................................................................. 72,590 15.37 31,970 9.29 11.19 13.96 18.45 23.60 

Rehabilitation counselors............................................................................................. 105,450 28,570 13.74 7.90 9.60 12.31 16.42 21.93 

Child, family, and school social workers...................................................................... 257,080 35,180 16.91 10.13 12.58 15.84 20.23 25.53 

Medical and public health social workers..................................................................... 103,490 38,050 18.29 11.35 13.99 17.50 21.83 26.61 

Mental health and substance abuse social workers..................................................... 85,550 16.34 33,980 9.87 12.20 15.42 19.81 24.56 

Health educators......................................................................................................... 43,890 18.29 38,040 10.21 12.88 16.94 22.43 28.47 

Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists............................................. 78,640 19.74 41,070 12.35 14.83 18.64 24.14 29.42 

Social and human service assistants........................................................................... 283,060 24,660 11.85 7.31 8.86 11.09 13.95 17.63 

Clergy......................................................................................................................... 32,940 17.46 36,320 8.07 11.79 16.27 21.52 28.10 

Directors, religious activities and education................................................................. 12,120 15.09 31,400 7.00 9.80 13.18 18.82 25.70 

Legal occupations 

Lawyers...................................................................................................................... 490,000 91,920 44.19 20.67 28.99 42.67 64.20 (2)

Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers...................................... 30,520 27.30 56,780 15.59 18.83 24.14 33.05 46.31 

Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators....................................................................... 5,060 26.13 54,340 10.97 15.29 22.43 34.11 50.09 

Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates............................................................... 27,890 38.24 79,540 9.36 20.33 41.95 55.19 66.89 

Paralegals and legal assistants................................................................................... 183,550 39,220 18.86 11.40 13.98 17.63 22.42 27.48 

Court reporters............................................................................................................ 15,300 20.45 42,530 9.42 13.62 19.43 25.53 34.07 

Law clerks................................................................................................................... 40,340 15.52 32,280 9.18 11.35 14.51 18.52 21.76 

Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers................................................................ 42,720 17.12 35,610 9.42 11.69 15.28 20.61 27.12 

Education, training, and library occupations 

Business teachers, postsecondary3............................................................................. 65,050 (3) 59,090 26,610 38,130 54,280 76,920 100,010

Computer science teachers, postsecondary3............................................................... 29,690 (3) 53,790 26,020 35,670 49,050 68,410 90,290

Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary3......................................................... 38,480 (3) 53,770 27,300 37,330 49,420 66,860 88,680

Architecture teachers, postsecondary3........................................................................ 4,960 (3) 58,070 31,920 42,390 54,480 70,690 89,980

Engineering teachers, postsecondary3........................................................................ 28,360 (3) 69,620 36,090 49,740 67,310 87,850 111,960

Agricultural sciences teachers, postsecondary3........................................................... 11,590 (3) 65,080 34,010 47,430 64,500 81,930 99,140

Biological science teachers, postsecondary3............................................................... 38,580 (3) 64,410 31,240 41,400 57,230 82,660 114,080

Forestry and conservation science teachers, postsecondary3...................................... 1,950 (3) 65,170 38,610 47,370 63,430 81,570 98,830

Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers, postsecondary3................ 7,630 (3) 64,210 32,740 44,850 60,240 81,960 105,890

Chemistry teachers, postsecondary3........................................................................... 16,610 (3) 58,390 31,700 41,220 53,750 71,790 93,450

Environmental science teachers, postsecondary3........................................................ 3,630 (3) 61,240 32,760 43,820 57,170 76,980 95,940

Physics teachers, postsecondary3............................................................................... 11,830 (3) 65,050 34,650 45,750 61,300 82,680 105,850

Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary3.............................................. 4,240 (3) 61,230 32,990 45,460 58,990 76,730 93,320

Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary3........................................ 5,070 (3) 59,650 32,650 42,920 54,650 74,770 96,140

Economics teachers, postsecondary3.......................................................................... 11,600 (3) 65,620 32,990 46,680 62,820 82,590 105,780

Geography teachers, postsecondary3.......................................................................... 3,600 (3) 58,200 33,090 42,590 55,240 73,090 89,380

Political science teachers, postsecondary3.................................................................. 11,230 (3) 59,110 31,400 41,330 54,930 73,070 95,420

Psychology teachers, postsecondary3......................................................................... 24,850 (3) 57,140 29,530 40,200 53,120 70,580 92,770

Sociology teachers, postsecondary3............................................................................ 12,890 (3) 54,600 28,170 38,780 51,120 67,590 87,700

Health specialties teachers, postsecondary3................................................................ 85,220 (3) 66,850 26,800 40,370 59,100 88,140 131,240

Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary3....................................................... 34,390 (3) 51,290 31,150 39,330 49,470 60,850 74,310

Education teachers, postsecondary3........................................................................... 40,480 (3) 50,680 27,290 36,510 47,060 61,190 81,050

Library science teachers, postsecondary3................................................................... 4,040 (3) 53,520 29,980 39,460 51,050 64,930 84,100

Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers, postsecondary3.................................. 8,060 (3) 47,720 22,990 32,650 43,770 57,210 78,000

Law teachers, postsecondary3..................................................................................... 9,660 (3) 79,120 31,120 47,500 77,910 ###### 141,670

Social work teachers, postsecondary3......................................................................... 6,250 (3) 53,490 31,020 39,550 50,250 64,290 85,630

Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary3........................................................ 55,540 (3) 51,100 24,750 35,480 47,080 63,360 84,190

Communications teachers, postsecondary3................................................................. 18,110 (3) 50,460 27,590 36,110 47,120 61,870 80,410

English language and literature teachers, postsecondary3........................................... 51,370 (3) 49,770 25,390 34,130 45,590 61,250 81,770

Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary3........................................... 18,590 (3) 49,130 25,810 34,130 45,030 59,980 80,260

History teachers, postsecondary3................................................................................ 16,710 (3) 54,010 29,630 39,080 50,400 66,870 86,480

Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary3....................................................... 14,000 (3) 52,080 27,890 37,030 47,740 64,170 84,340

Graduate teaching assistants3..................................................................................... 133,690 (3) 24,360 12,760 14,920 22,150 31,530 38,840

Home economics teachers, postsecondary3................................................................ 4,350 (3) 51,730 24,520 36,650 48,040 64,490 85,610

Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary3............................................ 14,700 (3) 44,320 18,490 29,690 42,140 55,900 71,390

Vocational education teachers, postsecondary............................................................ 116,890 41,710 20.05 10.84 14.18 18.53 24.61 32.24 

Preschool teachers, except special education............................................................. 377,540 20,940 10.07 6.33 7.37 8.96 11.58 15.61 

Kindergarten teachers, except special education3....................................................... 161,610 (3) 41,100 24,060 30,850 38,740 49,560 61,810

Elementary school teachers, except special education3............................................... (3) 43,320 1,452,160 27,000 32,830 41,080 52,110 64,280

Middle school teachers, except special and vocational education3.............................. 571,100 (3) 43,570 27,790 33,090 41,220 52,120 64,270

Vocational education teachers, middle school3............................................................ 18,530 (3) 43,340 28,470 33,990 41,460 50,940 62,890

Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education3....................... 980,730 (3) 45,370 27,980 34,050 43,280 54,750 67,940

Vocational education teachers, secondary school3...................................................... 107,680 (3) 45,050 29,440 35,120 43,590 54,200 65,130

Special education teachers, preschool, kindergarten, and elementary school3............ 211,240 (3) 44,900 27,920 33,560 42,120 53,900 67,360

Special education teachers, middle school3................................................................. 87,330 (3) 43,040 27,600 32,550 40,010 50,680 63,540

Special education teachers, secondary school3........................................................... 123,570 (3) 45,670 28,560 34,210 42,780 54,760 68,810

See footnotes at end of table. 

Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey by occupation, 2001 - Continued

Occupation

Percentiles

Employment

Mean wages
Hourly Annual1 10th 25th 50th 

(Median) 75th 90th

Education, training, and library occupations - Continued 

Adult literacy, remedial education, and GED teachers and instructors........................ 58,310 $19.34 $40,230 $9.59 $12.59 $16.93 $23.22 $33.42

Self-enrichment education teachers............................................................................ 130,440 32,180 15.47 7.24 9.73 13.89 19.28 26.00 

Archivists, curators, and museum technicians............................................................. 19,970 18.35 38,160 9.09 12.05 16.44 22.58 30.71 

Librarians.................................................................................................................... 150,280 43,750 21.04 11.89 16.02 20.52 25.74 31.37 

Library technicians...................................................................................................... 108,580 25,060 12.05 6.82 8.71 11.44 14.83 17.99 

Audio-visual collections specialists.............................................................................. 10,320 16.23 33,750 7.82 10.71 14.35 21.25 27.15 

Farm and home management advisors....................................................................... 12,540 19.74 41,060 9.11 13.48 19.05 25.25 31.54 

Instructional coordinators............................................................................................ 88,340 23.39 48,650 12.34 16.40 22.41 29.58 36.62 

Teacher assistants3..................................................................................................... (3) 19,430 1,188,910 12,620 14,450 18,070 22,840 28,410

Art, design, entertainment, sports and media occupations 

Art directors................................................................................................................ 20,880 31.52 65,570 15.33 21.03 28.75 39.78 54.65 

Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators............................................ 9,710 18.43 38,330 7.59 10.71 15.80 21.59 30.87 

Multi-media artists and animators................................................................................ 30,530 22.45 46,700 11.83 15.31 20.32 27.34 36.71 

Commercial and industrial designers........................................................................... 33,600 25.20 52,410 13.85 18.25 23.95 31.35 38.31 

Fashion designers....................................................................................................... 8,890 27.09 56,340 11.20 16.26 23.81 35.87 49.60 

Floral designers.......................................................................................................... 69,660 9.85 20,490 6.33 7.50 9.27 11.21 14.32 

Graphic designers....................................................................................................... 136,470 39,670 19.07 10.43 13.42 17.32 22.71 29.35 

Interior designers........................................................................................................ 39,340 20.71 43,080 10.33 14.23 19.03 25.66 33.28 

Merchandise displayers and window trimmers............................................................. 49,520 11.81 24,570 7.03 8.53 10.52 13.55 18.23 

Set and exhibit designers............................................................................................ 7,840 17.29 35,960 7.81 11.51 16.08 21.56 28.53 

Actors3........................................................................................................................ 94,470 (3) 36,790 12,440 13,900 20,540 42,120 100,040

Producers and directors3............................................................................................. 52,130 (3) 57,160 22,810 31,390 45,090 70,540 140,070

Athletes and sports competitors3................................................................................. 10,520 (3) 71,070 13,610 22,910 43,730 (2) (2)

Coaches and scouts3.................................................................................................. 68,670 (3) 34,690 13,410 18,190 29,030 43,390 62,560

Umpires, referees, and other sports officials3.............................................................. 8,750 (3) 26,600 13,450 15,980 20,650 29,810 38,170

Dancers...................................................................................................................... 17,010 13.83 28,770 6.35 7.14 11.11 17.10 27.24 

Choreographers.......................................................................................................... 12,660 15.75 32,750 6.64 9.11 13.78 20.50 26.91 

Music directors and composers3................................................................................. 7,020 (3) 39,330 13,760 21,770 33,720 49,080 68,060

Musicians and singers3................................................................................................ 55,100 (3) 46,690 13,310 19,740 40,320 60,860 93,960

Announcers................................................................................................................. 50,420 13.27 27,590 6.07 7.07 9.74 14.54 23.97 

News analysts, reporters and correspondents............................................................. 64,130 18.17 37,800 8.33 10.63 14.45 22.24 32.70 

Public relations specialists........................................................................................... 132,390 45,240 21.75 11.50 14.83 19.72 26.58 35.05 

Editors........................................................................................................................ 105,130 44,910 21.59 11.10 14.30 19.21 26.41 35.32 

Technical writers......................................................................................................... 45,900 24.83 51,650 14.30 18.48 23.73 29.91 37.18 

Writers and authors..................................................................................................... 40,980 23.13 48,120 9.89 14.05 20.41 27.71 39.99 

Interpreters and translators......................................................................................... 18,900 16.68 34,680 9.21 11.83 15.38 20.00 25.69 

Audio and video equipment technicians....................................................................... 32,960 17.16 35,690 8.15 10.58 14.50 20.84 29.34 

Broadcast technicians................................................................................................. 31,100 16.13 33,550 6.93 9.01 13.34 21.40 30.43 

Radio operators.......................................................................................................... 3,260 16.84 35,040 8.45 11.48 15.36 20.41 28.22 

Sound engineering technicians.................................................................................... 9,350 20.34 42,300 8.57 11.28 16.89 25.21 38.28 

Photographers............................................................................................................ 61,250 13.43 27,940 6.86 8.30 11.08 16.29 23.10 

Camera operators, television, video, and motion picture............................................. 22,040 16.43 34,180 7.08 9.54 13.93 21.89 29.85 

Film and video editors................................................................................................. 13,750 20.20 42,010 9.34 12.43 17.74 25.58 34.84 

Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations 

Chiropractors.............................................................................................................. 18,060 36.96 76,870 12.42 21.06 32.89 54.13 (2)

Dentists....................................................................................................................... 87,810 53.27 110,790 38.53 24.08 61.95 (2) (2)

Dietitians and nutritionists............................................................................................ 43,200 19.74 41,070 12.13 15.71 19.43 23.27 27.34 

Optometrists............................................................................................................... 24,230 42.30 87,980 21.13 29.21 41.14 56.82 (2)

Pharmacists................................................................................................................ 223,630 72,830 35.02 25.92 31.11 36.00 40.98 44.38 

Anesthesiologists........................................................................................................ 24,700 63.31 131,680 46.45 63.06 (2) (2) (2)

Family and general practitioners.................................................................................. 135,290 110,02 52.89 0 44.11 22.45 56.92 (2) (2)

Internists, general....................................................................................................... 53,310 61.03 126,930 57.25 40.75 (2) (2) (2)

Obstetricians and gynecologists.................................................................................. 17,230 64.15 133,430 66.75 (2) (2) (2) 47.31

Pediatricians, general.................................................................................................. 24,150 56.03 116,550 48.41 34.45 60.79 (2) (2)

Psychiatrists................................................................................................................ 21,620 54.60 113,570 46.36 28.32 60.80 (2) (2)

Surgeons.................................................................................................................... 48,920 65.89 137,040 (2) (2) (2) (2) 53.27

Physician assistants.................................................................................................... 56,200 30.00 62,410 15.67 23.90 30.75 36.73 43.04 

Podiatrists................................................................................................................... 7,620 45.43 94,500 19.42 30.14 45.86 65.27 (2)

Registered nurses....................................................................................................... 23.19 2,217,990 48,240 15.92 18.85 22.44 26.88 32.30 

Audiologists................................................................................................................ 11,040 23.89 49,700 15.41 18.50 22.55 27.64 34.06 

Occupational therapists............................................................................................... 77,080 25.10 52,210 16.24 20.32 24.70 29.14 35.21 

Physical therapists...................................................................................................... 126,450 59,130 28.43 19.20 23.13 27.20 33.23 40.84 

Radiation therapists.................................................................................................... 13,460 25.71 53,480 16.47 19.52 23.57 28.39 35.00 

Recreational therapists................................................................................................ 26,830 14.92 31,020 8.63 11.05 14.44 18.14 22.09 

Respiratory therapists................................................................................................. 82,930 19.17 39,870 14.28 16.17 18.93 21.68 25.47 

Speech-language pathologists.................................................................................... 83,110 24.20 50,330 15.43 18.85 23.32 28.34 34.60 

Veterinarians............................................................................................................... 41,240 33.25 69,150 18.03 23.16 29.81 40.88 58.93 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey by occupation, 2001 - Continued

Occupation

Percentiles

Employment

Mean wages
Hourly Annual1 10th 25th 50th 

(Median) 75th 90th

Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations - Continued 

Medical and clinical laboratory technologists............................................................... 145,400 20.70$ $43,060 $14.58 $17.24 $20.31 $24.01 $27.68

Medical and clinical laboratory technicians.................................................................. 146,920 30,200 14.52 9.28 11.22 13.85 17.12 21.05 

Dental hygienists......................................................................................................... 149,880 56,770 27.30 17.13 21.81 26.30 32.25 39.35 

Cardiovascular technologists and technicians............................................................. 40,990 17.55 36,510 9.70 12.31 16.83 21.88 26.66 

Diagnostic medical sonographers............................................................................... 32,990 23.08 48,010 16.21 19.17 22.59 26.44 31.17 

Nuclear medicine technologists................................................................................... 17,360 24.65 51,270 16.57 19.44 22.79 26.85 32.86 

Radiologic technologists and technicians..................................................................... 168,240 38,860 18.68 12.64 15.09 18.12 21.71 26.03 

Emergency medical technicians and paramedics........................................................ 170,690 25,450 12.24 7.19 8.87 11.14 14.51 18.77 

Dietetic technicians..................................................................................................... 28,940 11.23 23,360 6.72 8.00 10.48 13.63 16.69 

Pharmacy technicians................................................................................................. 207,140 22,510 10.82 7.28 8.52 10.40 12.82 15.27 

Psychiatric technicians................................................................................................ 59,750 12.94 26,920 8.04 9.51 12.17 15.96 19.55 

Respiratory therapy technicians................................................................................... 28,700 16.93 35,220 11.11 13.55 16.27 19.71 23.52 

Surgical technologists................................................................................................. 67,460 14.77 30,710 10.10 12.12 14.47 17.00 20.18 

Veterinary technologists and technicians..................................................................... 51,790 11.36 23,620 7.65 9.07 10.78 13.19 15.97 

Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses....................................................... 683,790 31,490 15.14 10.77 12.45 14.75 17.31 20.63 

Medical records and health information technicians..................................................... 142,170 25,370 12.20 7.80 9.28 11.31 14.36 17.80 

Opticians, dispensing.................................................................................................. 63,120 13.49 28,060 7.98 9.72 12.55 16.31 20.67 

Orthotists and prosthetists.......................................................................................... 4,480 24.77 51,510 10.78 15.28 22.65 31.77 40.99 

Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians......................................... 38,800 22.21 46,190 12.00 16.11 21.56 27.33 33.53 

Athletic trainers........................................................................................................... 12,580 (3) 35,380 19,330 26,420 33,450 41,970 54,440

Healthcare support ocupations 

Home health aides...................................................................................................... 560,190 8.90 18,510 6.33 7.32 8.46 10.09 11.93 

Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants...................................................................... 9.54 1,307,600 19,850 6.76 7.81 9.27 11.01 13.13 

Psychiatric aides......................................................................................................... 59,640 11.42 23,760 7.45 8.94 11.08 13.84 16.15 

Occupational therapist assistants................................................................................ 17,520 17.39 36,170 12.12 14.66 17.23 20.20 22.62 

Occupational therapist aides....................................................................................... 7,560 11.70 24,340 7.09 8.37 10.37 14.28 18.56 

Physical therapist assistants....................................................................................... 47,810 17.18 35,740 11.34 14.37 16.96 20.21 23.04 

Physical therapist aides............................................................................................... 35,250 10.45 21,730 7.20 8.18 9.76 11.61 14.29 

Massage therapists..................................................................................................... 26,440 15.93 33,130 6.62 8.73 13.48 22.22 29.40 

Dental assistants......................................................................................................... 267,840 27,650 13.29 8.35 10.23 12.85 16.28 19.48 

Medical assistants....................................................................................................... 345,930 24,360 11.71 8.23 9.57 11.35 13.46 16.14 

Medical equipment preparers...................................................................................... 33,540 11.29 23,490 7.75 9.10 10.81 13.16 15.76 

Medical transcriptionists.............................................................................................. 94,090 12.99 27,020 9.02 10.56 12.72 15.22 17.51 

Pharmacy aides.......................................................................................................... 58,130 9.22 19,170 6.20 7.25 8.66 10.73 13.26 

Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers............................................... 60,050 8.93 18,570 6.18 7.08 8.40 10.22 12.57 

Protective service occupations 

First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers............................................... 32,090 22.13 46,040 13.96 16.26 21.46 27.10 32.73 

First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives............................................. 113,970 59,940 28.82 16.86 21.79 28.51 35.31 42.61 

First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and prevention workers....................... 61,260 26.38 54,880 15.77 20.25 25.68 32.21 39.23 

Fire fighters................................................................................................................. 275,500 35,880 17.25 8.03 12.01 16.67 22.00 27.26 

Fire inspectors and investigators................................................................................. 12,160 21.18 44,050 11.39 15.53 20.61 26.58 32.56 

Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists......................................................... 1,030 17.19 35,760 9.16 13.04 16.88 20.92 25.81 

Bailiffs......................................................................................................................... 16,330 15.67 32,590 8.37 11.14 15.09 20.28 24.42 

Correctional officers and jailers................................................................................... 401,250 33,770 16.24 10.22 12.24 15.39 19.78 24.58 

Detectives and criminal investigators.......................................................................... 87,030 25.07 52,150 14.64 18.43 24.50 31.16 37.56 

Fish and game wardens.............................................................................................. 7,790 22.68 47,180 12.48 15.59 19.82 24.57 32.62 

Parking enforcement workers...................................................................................... 9,160 13.21 27,480 8.03 10.07 12.89 16.23 19.17 

Police and sheriff's patrol officers................................................................................ 599,550 41,950 20.17 11.78 15.05 19.70 24.96 29.74 

Transit and railroad police........................................................................................... 6,750 21.63 44,990 11.20 15.72 20.72 27.30 33.74 

Animal control workers................................................................................................ 9,360 12.34 25,670 7.15 9.20 11.66 14.93 18.38 

Private detectives and investigators............................................................................ 31,330 15.61 32,470 8.38 10.35 13.64 19.33 25.89 

Gaming surveillance officers and gaming investigators............................................... 9,470 11.27 23,430 6.98 8.96 10.64 13.11 16.45 

Security guards........................................................................................................... 995,510 9.84 20,460 6.43 7.48 8.94 11.14 14.58 

Crossing guards.......................................................................................................... 69,990 9.63 20,020 6.08 6.91 8.55 11.15 14.16 

Food preparation and serving related occupations 

Chefs and head cooks................................................................................................ 114,930 30,330 14.58 7.46 9.41 12.88 17.98 24.63 

First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and serving workers.................... 659,380 25,930 12.47 7.36 8.89 11.35 14.71 18.96 

Cooks, fast food.......................................................................................................... 601,570 6.99 14,530 5.58 6.02 6.70 7.81 8.82 

Cooks, institution and cafeteria.................................................................................... 418,180 9.02 18,760 6.01 6.92 8.53 10.62 13.03 

Cooks, restaurant........................................................................................................ 674,050 9.24 19,230 6.31 7.40 8.88 10.63 12.82 

Cooks, short order...................................................................................................... 228,710 7.98 16,590 5.79 6.43 7.57 9.22 10.82 

Food preparation workers........................................................................................... 855,800 8.07 16,780 5.82 6.51 7.65 9.15 11.10 

Bartenders.................................................................................................................. 427,010 7.96 16,550 5.69 6.27 7.03 8.71 11.67 

Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food........................... 7.13 2,054,250 14,830 5.65 6.13 6.79 7.90 9.10 

Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop................................ 428,780 7.50 15,610 5.76 6.35 7.10 8.25 10.05 

Waiters and waitresses............................................................................................... 7.36 1,981,810 15,310 5.59 6.01 6.60 7.71 10.71 

Food servers, nonrestaurant....................................................................................... 191,030 8.06 16,760 5.75 6.35 7.36 9.22 11.61 

Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers....................................... 389,580 7.21 15,000 5.69 6.21 6.80 7.94 9.49 

Dishwashers............................................................................................................... 488,180 7.25 15,080 5.72 6.28 6.98 8.10 9.17 

Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop.......................................... 286,750 7.57 15,750 5.77 6.36 7.17 8.39 10.08 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Percentiles

Employment

Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey by occupation, 2001 - Continued

Occupation

Mean wages
Hourly Annual1 10th 25th 50th 

(Median) 75th 90th

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 

First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and janitorial workers...................... $14.18 $29,50 202,880 0 $8.17 $10.04 $13.08 $17.15 $21.79

First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn service, and 

 groundskeeping workers.......................................................................................... 94,930 16.82 34,990 9.54 12.01 15.43 20.12 26.09 

Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................ 9.52 2,071,920 19,800 6.10 7.02 8.61 11.18 14.56 

Maids and housekeeping cleaners.............................................................................. 917,930 8.12 16,900 5.90 6.62 7.71 9.08 11.14 

Pest control workers................................................................................................... 56,570 12.03 25,020 7.46 9.05 11.13 14.15 17.64 

Landscaping and groundskeeping workers.................................................................. 772,800 20,880 10.04 6.60 7.64 9.19 11.52 14.82 

Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation............................................ 22,120 12.19 25,360 7.75 9.49 11.62 14.17 17.20 

Tree trimmers and pruners.......................................................................................... 44,850 12.43 25,860 7.62 9.12 11.51 14.83 19.01 

Personal care and service occupations 

Gaming supervisors.................................................................................................... 25,100 19.21 39,960 10.72 14.33 18.87 23.54 27.31 

Slot key persons......................................................................................................... 12,580 11.66 24,250 7.41 8.65 10.82 13.58 17.23 

First-line supervisors/managers of personal service workers...................................... 98,750 15.09 31,380 8.34 10.49 13.48 17.92 24.35 

Animal trainers............................................................................................................ 6,860 13.12 27,280 6.61 8.00 11.19 16.83 21.62 

Nonfarm animal caretakers......................................................................................... 86,230 8.79 18,270 5.97 6.73 7.97 9.99 13.12 

Gaming dealers........................................................................................................... 77,540 7.71 16,040 5.61 6.01 6.58 7.23 12.76 

Gaming and sports book writers and runners.............................................................. 11,310 9.60 19,970 6.34 7.23 8.77 10.76 15.13 

Motion picture projectionists........................................................................................ 10,280 9.33 19,410 5.83 6.52 7.84 11.23 13.42 

Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers................................................................. 101,680 7.71 16,030 5.68 6.17 6.78 8.08 11.44 

Amusement and recreation attendants........................................................................ 211,950 7.68 15,970 5.73 6.28 7.02 8.38 10.47 

Costume attendants.................................................................................................... 3,540 12.45 25,890 6.76 8.29 11.33 14.59 20.88 

Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants............................................... 19,860 8.28 17,230 6.02 6.83 7.9 9.25 11.00 

Embalmers................................................................................................................. 7,980 16.70 34,730 8.82 11.65 15.88 20.26 25.60 

Funeral attendants...................................................................................................... 28,960 9.23 19,200 5.97 6.90 8.48 10.57 13.83 

Barbers....................................................................................................................... 12,290 10.19 21,190 5.97 6.78 8.89 12.21 16.69 

Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists............................................................. 329,920 21,360 10.27 6.10 6.96 8.78 11.78 16.44 

Makeup artists, theatrical and performance................................................................. 1,240 15.41 32,050 8.46 10.49 14.54 16.64 26.69 

Manicurists and pedicurists......................................................................................... 30,420 8.64 17,980 5.99 6.69 8.03 9.95 12.50 

Shampooers............................................................................................................... 15,230 6.98 14,510 5.58 5.98 6.60 7.73 9.17 

Skin care specialists................................................................................................... 14,470 12.17 25,310 6.43 7.72 10.61 14.85 21.05 

Baggage porters and bellhops..................................................................................... 58,020 10.59 22,030 5.98 6.68 8.33 13.62 19.91 

Concierges.................................................................................................................. 16,180 11.03 22,940 6.83 8.24 10.12 13.56 16.31 

Tour guides and escorts.............................................................................................. 28,680 9.78 20,340 6.13 7.03 8.83 11.42 14.38 

Travel guides.............................................................................................................. 5,480 15.00 31,210 8.05 10.11 13.07 16.44 23.92 

Flight attendants3........................................................................................................ 115,750 (3) 46,880 19,470 29,630 40,600 57,860 85,740

Transportation attendants, except flight attendants and baggage porters.................... 25,910 9.84 20,480 6.01 6.92 8.69 11.64 16.03 

Child care workers...................................................................................................... 418,540 8.16 16,980 5.82 6.51 7.71 9.46 11.17 

Personal and home care aides.................................................................................... 408,360 8.00 16,640 5.87 6.64 7.76 8.94 10.51 

Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors..................................................................... 160,490 29,290 14.08 6.52 7.84 11.22 18.06 26.06 

Recreation workers..................................................................................................... 263,460 9.75 20,270 6.15 7.01 8.58 11.18 15.47 

Residential advisors.................................................................................................... 53,870 10.20 21,210 6.93 7.88 9.46 11.43 15.05 

Sales and related occupations 

First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers............................................... 15.95 1,252,410 33,170 8.51 10.54 13.74 18.53 25.88

First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales workers........................................ 309,460 59,350 28.53 12.11 16.90 24.75 36.61 53.84 

Cashiers..................................................................................................................... 7.81 3,387,580 16,240 5.73 6.32 7.19 8.50 10.69 

Gaming change persons and booth cashiers............................................................... 33,670 9.42 19,580 6.46 7.53 9.13 10.83 12.77 

Counter and rental clerks............................................................................................ 434,250 9.26 19,250 5.89 6.67 8.05 10.49 14.29 

Parts salespersons..................................................................................................... 244,410 25,940 12.47 6.99 8.53 11.20 15.34 19.96 

Retail salespersons..................................................................................................... 10.06 3,917,190 20,920 6.00 6.84 8.24 10.87 16.40 

Advertising sales agents............................................................................................. 144,830 45,700 21.97 9.12 12.32 17.58 27.19 42.39 

Insurance sales agents............................................................................................... 269,000 48,570 23.35 9.92 13.29 18.70 28.37 45.21 

Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...................................... 270,730 73,430 35.30 12.49 17.21 28.70 54.55 (2)

Travel agents.............................................................................................................. 111,310 27,230 13.09 7.61 9.63 12.30 15.60 19.43 

Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific 

 products.................................................................................................................. 370,330 60,520 29.10 13.50 18.55 26.13 37.24 51.23 

Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and 

 scientific products.................................................................................................... 23.19 1,352,800 48,240 10.58 14.34 19.96 28.40 41.23 

Demonstrators and product promoters........................................................................ 96,670 12.45 25,910 6.96 7.94 9.95 14.71 22.06 

Models........................................................................................................................ 2,930 10.87 22,600 6.29 7.17 9.14 12.36 16.93 

Real estate brokers..................................................................................................... 38,530 31.45 65,410 9.27 13.79 24.70 45.66 (2)

Real estate sales agents............................................................................................. 118,780 38,430 18.48 7.05 9.48 13.73 23.02 36.78 

Sales engineers.......................................................................................................... 82,850 31.01 64,490 17.18 22.48 28.71 38.58 49.08 

Telemarketers............................................................................................................. 437,510 21,850 10.50 6.59 7.61 9.24 11.91 16.39 

Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers................ 28,090 14.30 29,740 6.35 7.82 11.94 18.10 25.60 

Office and administrative support occupations 

First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers.............. 19.67 1,417,720 40,920 11.06 14.04 18.26 23.83 30.45 

Switchboard operators, including answering service.................................................... 227,660 21,410 10.29 6.95 8.18 9.93 11.98 14.23 

Telephone operators................................................................................................... 57,500 14.15 29,440 8.08 9.94 14.20 18.18 20.55 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey by occupation, 2001 - Continued

Occupation

Mean wages

Employment

Percentiles
Hourly Annual1 10th 25th 50th 

(Median) 75th 90th

Office and administrative support occupations - Continued 

Bill and account collectors........................................................................................... $13.17 $27,39 385,800 0 $8.63 $10.19 $12.48 $15.38 $18.76

Billing and posting clerks and machine operators........................................................ 480,610 26,340 12.66 8.55 10.05 12.19 14.69 17.54 

Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks............................................................. 13.38 1,697,890 27,820 8.23 10.19 12.76 15.97 19.61 

Gaming cage workers................................................................................................. 17,140 10.72 22,290 7.70 8.88 10.36 12.40 14.16 

Payroll and timekeeping clerks.................................................................................... 188,570 29,300 14.09 9.14 11.11 13.58 16.63 20.10 

Procurement clerks..................................................................................................... 74,740 14.17 29,480 9.01 11.08 13.84 16.66 20.10 

Tellers......................................................................................................................... 532,740 9.69 20,150 7.21 8.21 9.54 10.85 12.79 

Brokerage clerks......................................................................................................... 82,730 16.78 34,900 10.16 12.55 15.61 19.89 25.38 

Correspondence clerks............................................................................................... 34,190 12.66 26,330 8.89 10.15 12.13 14.51 17.49 

Court, municipal, and license clerks............................................................................ 104,060 28,930 13.91 8.40 10.33 13.02 16.50 21.00 

Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks...................................................................... 78,450 13.40 27,870 8.37 9.99 12.44 15.80 19.94 

Customer service representatives............................................................................... 13.20 1,875,370 27,450 8.02 9.76 12.23 15.71 20.24 

Eligibility interviewers, government programs.............................................................. 97,240 15.16 31,530 10.73 12.33 14.43 17.63 21.07 

File clerks................................................................................................................... 249,970 9.90 20,590 6.55 7.67 9.37 11.45 14.20 

Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks............................................................................ 176,920 8.48 17,640 6.10 7.04 8.13 9.59 11.20 

Interviewers, except eligibility and loan........................................................................ 171,650 23,240 11.17 7.31 8.57 10.52 13.10 16.22 

Library assistants, clerical........................................................................................... 106,360 9.66 20,090 6.09 7.03 8.93 11.73 14.51 

Loan interviewers and clerks....................................................................................... 157,680 28,500 13.70 9.03 10.74 13.01 16.15 19.72 

New accounts clerks................................................................................................... 99,760 12.47 25,940 8.90 10.01 11.86 14.22 16.80 

Order clerks................................................................................................................ 338,430 25,770 12.39 7.48 9.19 11.66 14.88 18.24 

Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping..................................... 164,680 30,570 14.70 9.59 11.65 14.17 17.13 20.78 

Receptionists and information clerks........................................................................... 10.31 1,046,590 21,450 6.87 8.11 9.93 12.11 14.49 

Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks.................................... 183,280 27,570 13.26 7.85 9.39 11.58 17.47 21.23 

Cargo and freight agents............................................................................................. 60,530 15.53 32,300 8.63 11.04 14.73 19.13 23.29

Couriers and messengers........................................................................................... 121,670 9.89 20,560 6.42 7.47 9.20 11.42 14.33 

Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers...................................................................... 88,550 13.30 27,670 8.16 10.15 12.83 16.14 19.60 

Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance.......................................................... 170,050 32,340 15.55 8.69 10.92 14.46 19.27 24.34 

Meter readers, utilities................................................................................................. 52,140 14.40 29,950 8.49 10.51 13.64 17.83 21.82 

Postal service clerks................................................................................................... 80,760 18.37 38,210 15.48 17.42 18.78 20.15 20.96 

Postal service mail carriers......................................................................................... 355,120 37,860 18.20 14.62 17.01 18.61 20.20 21.16 

Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators............... 201,150 32,190 15.48 9.53 11.84 16.95 19.25 20.60 

Production, planning, and expediting clerks................................................................. 302,430 34,070 16.38 9.18 11.71 15.59 20.20 25.25 

Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks.......................................................................... 802,600 24,220 11.64 7.36 8.81 10.92 13.74 17.08 

Stock clerks and order fillers....................................................................................... 10.32 1,680,640 21,480 6.37 7.45 9.16 12.24 16.94 

Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping.................................. 78,620 13.10 27,240 7.61 9.24 11.87 16.12 21.29 

Executive secretaries and administrative assistants.................................................... 16.34 1,384,240 33,980 10.32 12.56 15.57 19.29 23.44 

Legal secretaries........................................................................................................ 263,590 35,970 17.29 10.75 13.08 16.64 21.01 25.62 

Medical secretaries..................................................................................................... 334,200 26,000 12.50 8.48 9.77 11.86 14.62 17.56 

Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive....................................................... 12.36 1,800,950 25,710 7.48 9.42 11.85 14.84 18.01 

Computer operators.................................................................................................... 177,990 30,780 14.80 8.57 10.68 13.88 17.78 21.82 

Data entry keyers........................................................................................................ 405,000 22,740 10.93 7.52 8.88 10.56 12.71 15.03 

Word processors and typists....................................................................................... 229,090 26,870 12.92 8.22 10.07 12.50 15.23 18.39 

Desktop publishers...................................................................................................... 34,860 16.05 33,380 8.65 11.19 15.00 19.70 25.17 

Insurance claims and policy processing clerks............................................................ 258,100 30,730 14.77 9.30 11.06 13.69 17.00 21.83 

Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service.................................... 166,000 21,560 10.37 6.98 8.19 9.91 12.09 14.53 

Office clerks, general.................................................................................................. 11.06 2,791,420 23,000 6.72 8.30 10.47 13.24 16.39 

Office machine operators, except computer................................................................ 90,240 11.28 23,470 7.36 8.60 10.45 13.11 16.50 

Proofreaders and copy markers.................................................................................. 25,200 12.41 25,810 7.44 9.05 11.47 14.95 18.61 

Statistical assistants.................................................................................................... 25,850 14.60 30,370 8.86 10.71 13.94 17.49 21.12 

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 

First-line supervisors/managers of farming, fishing, and forestry workers.................... 22,180 17.33 36,040 9.31 12.17 16.02 20.92 27.47

Farm labor contractors................................................................................................ 6,450 9.53 19,810 6.29 6.59 7.10 10.16 12.96 

Agricultural inspectors................................................................................................. 13,980 14.24 29,630 7.98 9.85 13.17 17.72 21.90 

Animal breeders.......................................................................................................... 1,630 12.70 26,420 6.90 8.52 10.89 15.13 21.63 

Graders and sorters, agricultural products.................................................................. 54,110 8.26 17,190 6.08 6.60 7.42 9.13 11.45 

Agricultural equipment operators................................................................................. 26,580 8.94 18,600 5.98 6.69 8.00 10.42 13.47 

Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse......................................... 211,020 7.56 15,730 6.16 6.50 6.97 8.09 9.94 

Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals........................................................................ 34,590 8.56 17,810 6.03 6.69 7.93 9.92 12.43 

Forest and conservation workers................................................................................ 12,750 10.31 21,440 6.44 7.13 9.13 12.11 16.66 

Fallers......................................................................................................................... 9,790 15.66 32,580 7.12 9.46 12.85 19.07 30.35 

Logging equipment operators...................................................................................... 30,930 13.10 27,240 8.12 10.00 12.57 15.84 18.84 

Log graders and scalers............................................................................................. 4,950 13.75 28,610 8.17 10.20 12.97 16.60 20.58 

Construction and extraction occupations 

First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and extraction workers............ 514,750 49,430 23.77 14.18 17.64 22.39 28.49 35.37 

Boilermakers............................................................................................................... 24,390 19.50 40,570 10.89 15.30 19.06 23.99 28.10 

Brickmasons and blockmasons................................................................................... 109,840 42,340 20.36 11.65 15.42 20.00 25.17 30.55 

Stonemasons.............................................................................................................. 11,880 16.26 33,820 9.36 11.41 15.60 20.00 24.75 

Carpenters.................................................................................................................. 851,610 36,110 17.36 9.79 12.32 16.09 21.46 27.45 

Carpet installers.......................................................................................................... 36,340 16.48 34,290 8.58 11.17 15.13 20.96 27.03 

Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles......................................................... 13,560 16.42 34,160 8.58 11.02 15.14 20.51 27.19 

Floor sanders and finishers......................................................................................... 8,230 13.75 28,590 8.82 9.96 12.47 16.11 21.14 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Occupation

Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey by occupation, 2001 - Continued

Mean wages Percentiles

Employment
Hourly Annual1 10th 25th 50th 

(Median) 75th 90th

Construction and extraction occupations - Continued 

Tile and marble setters................................................................................................ 30,390 $18.17 $37,790 $10.16 $13.14 $17.02 $22.54 $27.48

Cement masons and concrete finishers....................................................................... 176,590 32,590 15.67 8.87 11.08 14.25 19.42 25.36 

Terrazzo workers and finishers................................................................................... 5,800 15.02 31,240 8.59 10.21 13.80 18.52 24.72 

Construction laborers.................................................................................................. 825,390 27,790 13.36 7.43 9.11 11.57 16.66 22.59 

Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators.................................................. 57,880 15.27 31,760 8.88 10.56 13.60 18.60 25.43 

Pile-driver operators.................................................................................................... 4,950 20.59 42,820 11.23 13.89 19.86 27.03 32.43 

Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators............................... 353,650 17.86 37,160 10.30 12.57 16.42 22.12 28.19

Drywall and ceiling tile installers.................................................................................. 121,450 35,500 17.07 9.64 12.19 15.87 20.97 27.14 

Tapers........................................................................................................................ 37,920 18.86 39,220 10.59 14.03 18.20 23.79 28.49 

Electricians................................................................................................................. 625,560 20.75 43,160 11.65 14.76 19.60 25.94 32.66

Glaziers...................................................................................................................... 46,960 16.11 33,510 8.71 11.14 14.68 20.05 27.36 

Insulation workers....................................................................................................... 54,270 15.04 31,280 8.13 10.18 13.46 17.63 25.20 

Painters, construction and maintenance...................................................................... 256,220 30,840 14.83 8.88 10.84 13.66 17.51 23.38 

Paperhangers............................................................................................................. 9,320 15.76 32,780 8.63 11.03 15.07 20.12 24.71 

Pipelayers................................................................................................................... 56,190 14.94 31,080 8.93 10.59 13.55 18.09 23.69 

Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters........................................................................ 438,290 41,140 19.78 10.94 14.28 18.61 24.92 31.01 

Plasterers and stucco masons.................................................................................... 53,790 16.98 35,310 9.96 12.32 15.79 20.57 26.78 

Reinforcing iron and rebar workers.............................................................................. 29,610 18.33 38,130 9.78 12.26 16.70 24.27 28.76 

Roofers....................................................................................................................... 118,160 32,350 15.55 8.95 10.95 14.16 19.17 25.05 

Sheet metal workers................................................................................................... 207,960 36,350 17.48 9.31 11.81 15.97 22.20 28.54 

Structural iron and steel workers................................................................................. 78,700 19.55 40,660 10.29 13.81 18.72 25.09 30.89 

Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters........ 64,730 12.79 26,590 7.82 9.42 11.35 14.87 21.17 

Helpers--carpenters.................................................................................................... 99,490 10.69 22,240 7.11 8.44 10.19 12.43 14.86 

Helpers--electricians................................................................................................... 108,070 23,680 11.38 7.51 8.93 10.65 13.30 16.58 

Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons............................... 29,750 10.46 21,770 6.90 7.77 9.36 11.86 15.91 

Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters........................................ 79,980 11.10 23,090 7.45 8.84 10.50 12.89 15.82 

Helpers--roofers.......................................................................................................... 24,200 10.09 20,980 7.09 8.04 9.59 11.42 13.87 

Construction and building inspectors........................................................................... 72,200 19.81 41,200 12.06 15.23 19.32 24.00 28.35 

Elevator installers and repairers.................................................................................. 26,450 24.39 50,730 12.86 18.63 24.82 30.13 35.58 

Fence erectors............................................................................................................ 20,550 12.06 25,090 7.06 8.68 10.50 14.45 19.75 

Hazardous materials removal workers........................................................................ 36,660 16.59 34,510 10.11 12.28 15.29 21.27 25.69 

Highway maintenance workers.................................................................................... 148,390 28,490 13.70 8.32 10.31 13.23 16.62 20.32 

Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators.............................................. 11,680 16.40 34,110 9.59 13.37 16.30 19.82 23.37 

Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners............................................................ 16,200 13.75 28,590 7.67 10.01 13.11 16.61 20.45 

Segmental pavers....................................................................................................... 2,670 13.58 28,240 8.33 10.12 12.58 16.07 21.93 

Derrick operators, oil and gas..................................................................................... 15,150 14.84 30,870 9.72 11.24 13.70 17.42 22.24 

Rotary drill operators, oil and gas................................................................................ 15,560 17.14 35,640 10.45 12.61 15.87 20.25 25.87 

Service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining................................................................. 13,320 14.47 30,100 9.02 10.54 13.11 17.45 21.90 

Earth drillers, except oil and gas................................................................................. 19,630 16.29 33,870 9.81 12.09 15.39 19.55 24.66 

Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters..................................... 4,790 16.79 34,920 11.26 13.61 16.32 19.60 22.52 

Continuous mining machine operators......................................................................... 9,560 16.50 34,320 11.35 13.39 16.17 19.32 22.25 

Mine cutting and channeling machine operators.......................................................... 5,860 17.19 35,760 11.93 14.25 16.99 20.24 22.27 

Rock splitters, quarry.................................................................................................. 2,710 13.92 28,940 8.76 10.48 12.95 16.21 20.11 

Roof bolters, mining.................................................................................................... 3,990 17.83 37,080 12.93 14.90 18.02 20.54 22.44 

Roustabouts, oil and gas............................................................................................. 37,010 11.25 23,400 7.26 8.15 10.16 13.44 17.33 

Helpers--extraction workers........................................................................................ 30,910 12.46 25,910 7.97 9.57 11.75 14.76 17.90 

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 

First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers...................... 441,700 48,510 23.32 13.53 17.12 22.27 28.28 34.87 

Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers........................................... 143,810 34,120 16.40 9.73 12.23 15.81 20.03 24.39 

Radio mechanics........................................................................................................ 6,550 17.36 36,120 9.82 12.75 16.36 21.50 26.75 

Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers........... 210,650 44,360 21.33 12.90 17.68 22.30 25.68 28.01 

Avionics technicians.................................................................................................... 16,340 20.06 41,720 13.14 16.68 19.93 23.95 27.12 

Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers......................................................... 29,240 15.85 32,970 9.00 11.31 14.91 19.29 24.86 

Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment............... 16,650 18.20 37,860 10.45 13.83 18.23 22.20 26.42 

Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment.................. 77,780 18.80 39,110 11.39 14.54 18.65 22.62 26.86 

Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay...................... 19,680 23.30 48,470 15.35 20.27 24.24 27.11 30.78 

Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles...................................... 13,210 12.85 26,740 8.32 9.80 12.14 15.34 18.51 

Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers.............................. 29,770 13.81 28,710 7.99 10.08 12.96 16.94 21.06 

Security and fire alarm systems installers.................................................................... 42,050 15.77 32,790 9.20 11.49 14.66 18.88 24.00 

Aircraft mechanics and service technicians................................................................. 135,250 20.41 42,460 12.75 16.39 20.19 24.76 28.34

Automotive body and related repairers........................................................................ 168,630 34,980 16.82 8.76 11.61 15.62 20.78 26.79 

Automotive glass installers and repairers.................................................................... 21,550 13.52 28,120 8.14 9.87 13.06 16.50 20.12 

Automotive service technicians and mechanics........................................................... 701,150 31,870 15.32 7.98 10.33 14.19 19.25 24.39 

Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............................................... 254,420 34,570 16.62 10.32 12.79 16.14 20.10 24.00 

Farm equipment mechanics........................................................................................ 35,420 13.08 27,200 8.43 10.22 12.67 15.57 18.32 

Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines.................................................. 116,260 35,900 17.26 11.18 13.76 16.92 20.46 24.16 

Rail car repairers......................................................................................................... 11,860 17.90 37,220 11.51 15.00 18.46 20.86 23.38 

Motorboat mechanics.................................................................................................. 18,370 14.13 29,390 8.68 10.62 13.55 16.82 20.68 

Motorcycle mechanics................................................................................................. 13,290 13.50 28,090 7.96 9.89 12.69 16.32 20.71 

Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics..................................... 27,250 12.15 25,270 7.10 9.19 11.63 14.53 17.70 

Bicycle repairers......................................................................................................... 7,730 9.46 19,670 6.47 7.54 9.05 11.12 13.14 

Recreational vehicle service technicians..................................................................... 11,830 13.36 27,780 8.39 10.11 12.70 15.89 19.52 

Tire repairers and changers........................................................................................ 86,200 10.16 21,140 7.00 7.95 9.48 11.48 14.63 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Employment

Mean wages Percentiles

Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey by occupation, 2001 - Continued

Occupation
Hourly Annual1 10th 25th 50th 

(Median) 75th 90th

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations - Continued 

Mechanical door repairers........................................................................................... 10,510 $15.18 $31,570 $8.88 $10.78 $13.83 $18.37 $23.87

Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door............................. 37,740 20.49 42,610 11.61 15.42 20.65 25.61 29.30 

Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers.......................... 201,850 35,510 17.07 10.09 12.67 16.35 20.72 25.65 

Home appliance repairers........................................................................................... 33,640 15.10 31,420 8.53 10.72 14.22 18.57 22.47 

Industrial machinery mechanics.................................................................................. 187,750 18.69 38,880 11.81 14.44 18.08 22.56 26.97

Maintenance and repair workers, general.................................................................... 14.54 1,232,280 30,230 8.07 10.36 13.82 18.03 22.03 

Maintenance workers, machinery................................................................................ 98,280 15.88 33,030 9.40 11.84 15.36 19.44 23.27 

Millwrights................................................................................................................... 69,800 20.34 42,310 12.42 15.78 20.18 25.21 28.80 

Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons.................................................... 3,350 17.03 35,420 11.32 13.70 16.89 20.15 22.22 

Electrical power-line installers and repairers................................................................ 99,140 22.04 45,840 12.73 17.47 22.70 26.70 31.17 

Telecommunications line installers and repairers......................................................... 168,260 39,030 18.76 10.21 13.22 18.84 24.33 27.20 

Camera and photographic equipment repairers........................................................... 5,580 15.10 31,420 7.89 10.32 14.45 18.92 22.96 

Medical equipment repairers....................................................................................... 22,070 18.06 37,570 10.16 12.79 17.09 22.17 27.47 

Musical instrument repairers and tuners...................................................................... 4,520 15.73 32,710 7.62 10.28 14.15 19.30 28.95 

Watch repairers.......................................................................................................... 3,680 13.58 28,240 6.92 9.33 12.47 16.81 21.48 

Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers................................ 33,100 13.19 27,440 7.51 9.68 12.74 16.19 19.99 

Commercial divers...................................................................................................... 3,050 19.54 40,640 10.64 13.02 15.76 19.65 33.08 

Fabric menders, except garment................................................................................. 2,090 13.13 27,310 7.30 8.57 11.39 18.15 20.91 

Locksmiths and safe repairers.................................................................................... 13,450 14.56 30,290 8.56 10.85 13.94 17.43 21.29 

Manufactured building and mobile home installers....................................................... 14,140 11.46 23,850 7.33 9.02 11.03 13.35 16.41 

Riggers....................................................................................................................... 15,340 16.42 34,150 9.60 12.26 15.72 19.59 24.41 

Signal and track switch repairers................................................................................. 8,550 20.61 42,860 16.04 18.31 20.38 23.10 26.46 

Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers................................................ 148,390 23,220 11.16 6.76 8.05 10.20 13.39 17.33 

Production occupations 

First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers.......................... 733,410 44,740 21.51 11.99 15.40 20.19 26.31 33.50 

Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers..................................... 33,620 17.53 36,460 9.48 12.49 17.88 22.92 26.11 

Coil winders, tapers, and finishers............................................................................... 43,900 11.41 23,740 7.32 8.61 10.62 13.53 16.91 

Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers.......................................................... 302,530 23,900 11.49 7.35 8.78 10.71 13.46 16.92 

Electromechanical equipment assemblers.................................................................. 63,930 12.54 26,080 7.78 9.47 11.87 14.99 18.68 

Engine and other machine assemblers........................................................................ 55,820 14.24 29,610 8.13 10.14 13.51 17.68 21.81 

Structural metal fabricators and fitters......................................................................... 90,480 14.06 29,240 9.04 10.85 13.46 16.55 20.07 

Fiberglass laminators and fabricators.......................................................................... 41,520 12.14 25,260 7.72 9.25 11.44 14.41 17.50 

Team assemblers....................................................................................................... 11.66 1,189,840 24,250 7.28 8.69 10.70 13.55 17.36 

Timing device assemblers, adjusters, and calibrators................................................. 8,550 12.33 25,640 8.22 9.57 11.32 13.90 17.18 

Bakers........................................................................................................................ 154,410 21,830 10.49 6.68 7.83 9.83 12.70 15.79 

Butchers and meat cutters.......................................................................................... 135,630 26,500 12.74 7.23 9.06 11.92 16.06 19.91 

Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers................................................................ 156,670 8.80 18,310 6.67 7.40 8.34 9.94 11.68 

Slaughterers and meat packers.................................................................................. 117,490 9.62 20,010 7.17 8.17 9.60 10.84 12.46 

Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders......... 18,720 12.24 25,450 6.93 8.62 11.16 14.94 19.86 

Food batchmakers...................................................................................................... 70,540 11.10 23,090 6.61 7.98 10.43 13.76 16.74 

Food cooking machine operators and tenders............................................................. 34,910 10.93 22,730 6.72 8.01 10.30 13.27 16.45 

Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and plastic................................... 140,540 14.26 29,670 8.99 10.86 13.65 17.10 20.79

Numerical tool and process control programmers....................................................... 20,800 18.67 38,830 11.30 14.32 17.93 22.30 27.23 

Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.... 102,320 25,870 12.44 7.83 9.62 12.10 14.78 17.34 

Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............................ 49,760 13.57 28,230 7.63 9.64 12.44 16.21 23.39 

Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............................. 45,090 13.86 28,830 8.35 10.46 13.30 16.60 20.64 

Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal

 and plastic................................................................................................................ 296,070 25,320 12.17 7.81 9.36 11.58 14.27 17.33 

Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.... 58,060 13.64 28,360 8.34 10.13 12.82 16.25 20.88 

Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and 

 tenders, metal and plastic........................................................................................ 107,300 27,110 13.03 7.98 9.73 12.28 15.65 19.60 

Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic..... 75,650 14.72 30,630 9.29 11.35 14.24 17.36 21.40 

Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.......... 32,680 14.44 30,020 8.74 10.70 13.82 17.24 21.39 

Machinists................................................................................................................... 390,090 32,880 15.81 9.44 12.00 15.43 19.18 22.74 

Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders.............................................................. 19,060 14.86 30,910 9.78 11.77 14.37 17.55 20.87 

Pourers and casters, metal......................................................................................... 14,580 14.01 29,130 9.25 11.02 13.27 16.60 20.44 

Model makers, metal and plastic................................................................................. 8,990 18.05 37,540 8.25 11.86 17.68 23.39 29.51 

Patternmakers, metal and plastic................................................................................ 6,840 16.66 34,640 8.72 11.76 15.74 20.59 27.27 

Foundry mold and coremakers.................................................................................... 26,170 12.99 27,020 8.22 10.05 12.29 14.83 19.10 

Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal 

 and plastic................................................................................................................ 149,000 24,500 11.78 7.29 8.71 10.74 13.74 17.69 

Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic...................... 101,500 30,320 14.58 8.58 10.42 13.42 17.71 23.88 

Tool and die makers................................................................................................... 112,960 42,430 20.40 12.63 15.90 20.01 24.82 29.49 

Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers..................................................................... 382,400 30,260 14.55 9.19 11.16 13.70 16.99 21.57 

Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders................... 60,810 14.80 30,780 9.04 10.94 13.57 17.23 23.95 

Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic................. 32,490 13.87 28,840 8.87 10.65 13.24 16.39 20.48 

Lay-out workers, metal and plastic.............................................................................. 14,100 15.66 32,570 9.32 11.74 14.70 18.11 23.07 

Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic......... 45,940 12.50 25,990 7.92 9.57 11.93 14.89 17.78 

Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners........................................................................... 25,410 14.52 30,200 8.67 10.60 13.77 17.53 21.93 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Employment

Mean wages Percentiles

Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey by occupation, 2001 - Continued

Occupation
Hourly Annual1 10th 25th 50th 

(Median) 75th 90th

Production occupations - Continued 

Bindery workers.......................................................................................................... 93,240 $11.37 $23,650 $6.79 $8.13 $10.33 $13.63 $17.54

Bookbinders................................................................................................................ 7,500 13.25 27,550 7.50 9.39 11.86 16.35 20.90 

Job printers................................................................................................................. 55,210 14.93 31,050 8.40 10.74 14.05 18.54 22.30 

Prepress technicians and workers............................................................................... 96,580 15.54 32,320 8.51 11.09 14.80 19.36 23.81 

Printing machine operators.......................................................................................... 198,710 30,800 14.81 8.33 10.58 13.95 18.24 22.40 

Laundry and dry-cleaning workers............................................................................... 214,520 8.29 17,240 5.93 6.71 7.86 9.41 11.37 

Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials......................................................... 92,730 8.33 17,330 6.00 6.82 7.98 9.52 11.18 

Sewing machine operators.......................................................................................... 308,380 8.68 18,050 6.17 6.82 8.08 10.04 12.37 

Shoe and leather workers and repairers...................................................................... 9,970 9.45 19,650 6.30 7.21 8.70 11.15 13.86 

Shoe machine operators and tenders.......................................................................... 6,440 9.55 19,850 6.51 7.61 9.24 11.18 13.25 

Sewers, hand.............................................................................................................. 22,550 9.29 19,320 6.21 7.09 8.43 10.52 13.34

Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers.................................................................. 31,580 11.38 23,670 6.70 8.11 10.38 13.89 17.30 

Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders...................................... 31,650 9.88 20,560 6.66 7.94 9.78 11.44 13.28 

Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders............................................... 37,250 9.92 20,630 6.71 7.65 9.31 11.56 14.35 

Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders......................... 57,830 10.91 22,690 7.55 9.16 10.81 12.66 14.03 

Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders.... 68,530 10.65 22,150 8.08 9.24 10.25 11.45 13.52 

Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and

 glass fibers................................................................................................................................................ 30,370 13.15 27,340 8.48 10.71 13.04 15.72 17.54 

Fabric and apparel patternmakers............................................................................... 12,580 14.63 30,440 7.30 9.06 11.99 18.08 25.98 

Upholsterers............................................................................................................... 39,780 12.61 26,240 7.69 9.41 11.80 15.34 18.71 

Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters......................................................................... 127,640 25,120 12.08 7.54 9.04 11.30 14.35 17.96 

Furniture finishers........................................................................................................ 32,140 11.40 23,700 7.29 8.71 10.74 13.42 16.69 

Model makers, wood................................................................................................... 4,320 13.59 28,270 7.82 9.50 12.02 16.12 22.80 

Patternmakers, wood.................................................................................................. 4,280 14.76 30,690 7.67 9.79 13.79 17.96 24.59 

Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood .............................................. 52,740 10.97 22,810 7.25 8.57 10.45 12.91 15.79 

Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing....................... 91,640 10.84 22,540 7.23 8.54 10.38 12.76 15.44 

Nuclear power reactor operators................................................................................. 3,310 29.13 60,590 22.77 25.13 28.94 33.31 37.20

Power distributors and dispatchers.............................................................................. 12,840 25.33 52,690 15.62 20.15 25.11 30.75 35.45 

Power plant operators................................................................................................. 35,030 22.95 47,740 14.61 18.86 23.34 27.31 31.68 

Stationary engineers and boiler operators................................................................... 54,330 20.43 42,490 12.19 15.62 19.93 25.12 30.03 

Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators..................................... 98,440 16.23 33,760 9.57 12.16 15.66 19.81 24.14 

Chemical plant and system operators......................................................................... 60,340 20.09 41,790 13.23 16.52 20.19 24.17 27.20 

Gas plant operators.................................................................................................... 12,600 22.63 47,060 15.77 19.00 22.56 26.54 30.71 

Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers........................... 34,540 22.41 46,610 14.19 19.08 23.06 26.28 29.00 

Chemical equipment operators and tenders................................................................ 53,930 17.91 37,250 11.20 14.17 17.70 21.55 25.56 

Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, operators,

 and tenders............................................................................................................. 35,380 14.52 30,200 8.39 10.75 14.04 17.72 21.45 

Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders................. 46,470 13.02 27,080 8.04 9.73 12.34 15.78 19.44 

Grinding and polishing workers, hand.......................................................................... 44,050 11.88 24,700 7.43 8.88 10.84 13.73 17.71 

Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders...................................... 111,610 27,790 13.36 8.12 10.05 12.91 16.25 19.72 

Cutters and trimmers, hand......................................................................................... 31,440 11.70 24,340 6.84 8.25 10.46 13.72 18.70 

Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders........................................ 76,370 12.50 26,010 7.82 9.48 11.99 15.09 18.07 

Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and 

 tenders.................................................................................................................... 76,640 13.04 27,120 8.15 9.85 12.40 15.72 19.40 

Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders........................................ 30,020 14.02 29,170 8.66 10.68 13.46 16.98 20.83 

Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers.................................................. 525,540 29,210 14.04 7.64 9.70 12.83 17.20 23.01 

Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers......................................................... 29,030 14.37 29,900 6.91 9.21 13.08 17.64 22.05 

Dental laboratory technicians...................................................................................... 39,750 14.69 30,550 8.02 10.18 13.45 17.61 22.68 

Medical appliance technicians..................................................................................... 12,410 13.95 29,010 8.07 9.69 12.43 16.23 21.70 

Ophthalmic laboratory technicians............................................................................... 34,490 10.87 22,610 7.47 8.60 10.26 12.57 15.35 

Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders.................................................. 379,750 22,710 10.92 6.59 7.82 9.98 13.30 16.81 

Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders................... 94,050 12.56 26,120 7.94 9.57 11.88 14.73 18.19 

Painters, transportation equipment.............................................................................. 44,090 16.65 34,630 9.44 12.00 15.55 20.75 25.82 

Painting, coating, and decorating workers................................................................... 31,770 10.79 22,440 6.81 7.91 9.88 12.79 16.37 

Photographic process workers.................................................................................... 25,420 10.80 22,460 6.56 7.63 9.44 12.81 16.95 

Photographic processing machine operators............................................................... 54,500 9.77 20,320 6.25 7.29 8.80 11.22 14.78 

Semiconductor processors.......................................................................................... 51,060 13.54 28,170 9.07 10.38 12.73 15.87 19.70 

Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders................................................ 29,190 11.48 23,880 7.23 8.72 10.85 13.75 16.72 

Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders.................... 18,070 11.70 24,340 7.28 8.62 10.77 14.00 17.60 

Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders............................................... 7,320 11.26 23,420 6.61 8.07 10.15 13.68 18.07 

Etchers and engravers................................................................................................ 10,330 11.98 24,910 6.96 8.39 10.63 13.95 18.87 

Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic............................................. 39,450 12.55 26,110 7.48 9.26 11.86 15.33 18.96 

Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders................................................ 120,880 28,780 13.84 8.44 10.70 13.35 16.46 20.30 

Tire builders................................................................................................................ 13,410 17.23 35,840 9.20 12.33 18.38 21.45 25.34 

Helpers--production workers....................................................................................... 459,440 9.81 20,410 6.46 7.49 9.13 11.36 14.37 

Transportation and material moving occupations 

Aircraft cargo handling supervisors............................................................................. 9,070 19.58 40,720 10.25 12.93 17.95 24.81 32.19 

First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand....... 147,490 38,250 18.39 10.55 13.45 17.35 22.25 27.60 

First-line supervisors/managers of transportation and material-moving machine 

 and vehicle operators............................................................................................... 197,430 44,200 21.25 11.53 14.94 19.78 25.76 33.16 

Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers3................................................................. 88,800 (3) 99,400 36,670 57,690 ###### (2) (2)

Commercial pilots3...................................................................................................... 18,380 (3) 55,920 25,520 33,630 47,410 69,780 104,980

Air traffic controllers.................................................................................................... 22,990 40.07 83,350 21.86 30.74 42.27 50.76 55.83 

Airfield operations specialists...................................................................................... 5,390 19.15 39,830 9.15 11.85 16.93 24.96 32.62 

See footnotes at end of table. 

Mean wages Percentiles

Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey by occupation, 2001 - Continued

Occupation Employment
Hourly Annual1 10th 25th 50th 

(Median) 75th 90th

Transportation and material moving occupations - Continued 

Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians............... 17,620 $10.05 $20,910 $6.27 $7.38 $9.08 $11.55 $14.42

Bus drivers, transit and intercity.................................................................................. 190,530 29,430 14.15 7.99 9.98 13.49 18.04 21.73 

Bus drivers, school...................................................................................................... 469,100 22,540 10.84 6.17 7.67 10.57 13.33 16.27 

Driver/sales workers................................................................................................... 378,220 23,340 11.22 5.98 6.89 9.70 14.35 19.20 

Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................................................................ 16.20 1,548,480 33,690 9.84 12.29 15.66 19.60 23.10 

Truck drivers, light or delivery services....................................................................... 996,000 25,630 12.32 6.81 8.54 11.22 15.22 19.99 

Taxi drivers and chauffeurs......................................................................................... 125,860 9.51 19,780 6.10 7.04 8.62 10.90 14.15 

Locomotive engineers................................................................................................. 30,730 22.74 47,300 13.85 16.51 22.38 27.31 33.91

Locomotive firers........................................................................................................ 730 21.22 44,140 12.51 16.77 23.40 26.07 27.70 

Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers..................................................... 4,840 19.29 40,130 12.91 15.30 18.32 20.96 24.96 

Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators............................................................... 17,070 22.57 46,940 13.08 16.50 21.60 28.53 33.98 

Railroad conductors and yardmasters......................................................................... 40,910 22.10 45,970 14.57 17.45 20.59 26.12 33.03 

Sailors and marine oilers............................................................................................. 28,650 14.55 30,270 7.57 10.19 13.76 18.36 21.98 

Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels............................................................... 22,180 23.87 49,660 12.14 17.20 23.40 29.01 35.76 

Motorboat operators.................................................................................................... 3,410 15.12 31,450 7.43 9.25 14.31 19.85 24.46 

Ship engineers............................................................................................................ 7,470 24.56 51,080 13.04 18.11 24.04 30.50 36.46 

Bridge and lock tenders.............................................................................................. 4,500 14.81 30,800 7.57 10.25 16.05 19.02 20.79 

Parking lot attendants................................................................................................. 109,930 7.99 16,610 5.96 6.62 7.54 8.79 10.79 

Service station attendants........................................................................................... 107,650 8.31 17,280 5.98 6.73 7.75 9.12 11.41 

Traffic technicians....................................................................................................... 5,090 16.41 34,140 9.59 11.70 15.11 20.47 26.09 

Transportation inspectors............................................................................................ 27,670 22.37 46,530 10.36 16.67 22.75 27.13 34.42 

Conveyor operators and tenders................................................................................. 61,590 11.97 24,900 7.71 9.28 11.25 13.76 17.62 

Crane and tower operators.......................................................................................... 51,650 17.68 36,770 10.79 13.09 16.64 21.19 26.79 

Dredge operators........................................................................................................ 2,920 14.64 30,450 8.34 10.46 13.27 17.37 24.35 

Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators............................................. 70,370 16.57 34,470 10.01 12.19 15.38 20.25 25.69 

Loading machine operators, underground mining........................................................ 3,370 14.73 30,630 9.79 11.84 14.58 17.31 20.45 

Hoist and winch operators........................................................................................... 9,960 17.37 36,130 9.37 11.64 15.56 21.08 30.04 

Industrial truck and tractor operators........................................................................... 591,790 27,040 13.00 8.49 9.95 12.19 15.24 19.24 

Cleaners of vehicles and equipment............................................................................ 304,500 8.78 18,260 5.96 6.67 7.93 10.00 13.03 

Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.............................................. 10.18 2,098,180 21,170 6.46 7.55 9.35 11.84 15.44 

Machine feeders and offbearers.................................................................................. 190,080 22,720 10.92 7.10 8.27 10.17 12.82 16.13 

Packers and packagers, hand..................................................................................... 951,960 8.52 17,730 5.97 6.65 7.83 9.83 12.39 

Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators.................................................. 6,070 20.71 43,090 12.20 17.20 20.84 25.01 28.20 

Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers................................................................. 12,920 18.34 38,140 9.12 12.08 17.33 24.58 27.66 

Wellhead pumpers...................................................................................................... 9,560 15.86 33,000 9.23 11.68 15.45 20.13 22.98 

Refuse and recyclable material collectors................................................................... 125,600 25,430 12.22 6.28 8.19 11.47 15.52 19.97 

Shuttle car operators................................................................................................... 3,020 17.46 36,310 12.64 14.68 18.01 20.33 21.84 

Tank car, truck, and ship loaders................................................................................ 19,430 16.29 33,880 9.44 11.63 15.00 20.35 26.17 

2 Represents a wage above $70.01 per hour.

3

 Hourly wage rates for occupations where workers typically work fewer than 2,080 hours per year are not available.

Mean wages Percentiles

Employment

1

 Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours 

figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual 

wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.

Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey by occupation, 2001 - Continued

Occupation
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Engineering & management services $56.44 $117,390 1 42,570 27 

2. Business services 32,990 54.01 112,330 2 41

3. Federal, State, and local government 36.56 26,160 76,050 3 70 

4. Depository institutions 22,630 54.16 112,640 4 39

5. Educational services 22,020 47.53 98,870 5 55

1. Tobacco products 290 67.57 140,540 68 1

2. Metal mining 90 65.41 136,060 69 2

3. Instruments and related products 3,210 62.85 130,730 40 3

4. Security and commodity brokers 8,570 62.81 130,640 18 4

5. Electronic & other electrical equipment 5,740 62.05 129,060 26 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. District of Columbia 6,780 $47.13 $98,030 1.121 3

2. Delaware 48.58 2,990 101,060 .744 3 

3. Illinois 49.23 36,000 102,400 .614 7 

4. Pennsylvania 48.47 29,600 100,820 .534 8 

5. Massachusetts 16,720 57.21 118,990 .518 7

1. Rhode Island 62.62 900 130,240 .192 3 

2. New Jersey 61.68 4,450 128,300 .116 5 

3. New York 59.54 25,680 123,840 .307 6 

4. Connecticut 4,300 59.20 123,130 .258 4

5. Washington 3,230 58.89 122,500 .125 7

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Springfield, IL MSA $37.81 $78,630 .782 860

2. Wilmington-Newark, DE-MD PMSA 49.76 2,330 103,500 .761 

3. Longview-Marshall, TX MSA 40.65 590 84,560 .652 

4. Odessa-Midland, TX MSA 670 41.15 85,580 .652 

5. Chicago, IL PMSA 52.71 26,030 109,640 .647 

1. New York, NY PMSA 64.21 14,810 133,550 .365 

2. San Jose, CA PMSA 63.77 4,450 132,640 .468 

3. Bergen-Passaic, NJ PMSA 63.45 680 131,980 .108 

4. Waterbury, CT PMSA 63.00 190 131,040 .222 

5. Jersey City, NJ PMSA 62.76 360 130,540 .145 

11-1011 Chief executives

Determine and formulate policies and provide the overall direction of companies or private and public 

sector organizations within the guidelines set up by a board of directors or similar governing body. 

Plan, direct, or coordinate operational activities at the highest level of management with the help of 

subordinate executives and staff managers.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Business services 157,130 $39.63 $82,420 1 26

2. Wholesale trade--durable goods 40.71 134,920 84,680 2 21 

3. Engineering & management services 45.34 115,810 94,300 3 6 

4. Eating and drinking places 91,060 23.83 49,570 4 69

5. Special trade contractors 90,920 36.64 76,210 5 39

1. Instruments and related products 12,670 49.13 102,190 45 1

2. Electronic & other electrical equipment 17,740 48.05 99,950 37 2

3. Chemicals and allied products 15,180 47.97 99,770 40 3

4. Security and commodity brokers 19,270 47.83 99,480 33 4

5. Paper and allied products 7,040 46.24 96,180 56 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. District of Columbia 17,350 $35.07 $72,940 2.869 40

2. Maryland 34.05 67,010 70,820 2.759 48 

3. Montana 10,160 22.22 46,210 2.649 88

4. Louisiana 44,050 29.75 61,880 2.384 35

5. Alaska 6,610 31.95 66,450 2.364 45

1. New Jersey 47.74 54,090 99,290 1.406 13 

2. New York 47.18 64,670 98,140 .772 17 

3. Connecticut 23,810 46.34 96,380 1.430 14

4. Washington 22,030 44.13 91,790 .854 17

5. California 236,290 42.44 88,280 1.636 21

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Odessa-Midland, TX MSA 3,200 $30.03 $62,460 3.114 

2. Baltimore, MD PMSA 35,910 32.61 67,830 2.970 

3. Missoula, MT MSA 1,410 25.93 53,940 2.851 

4. Great Falls, MT MSA 21.15 870 43,980 2.793 

5. Billings, MT MSA 1,770 23.82 49,540 2.693 

1. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 52.63 4,620 109,460 2.224 

2. New York, NY PMSA 51.42 34,290 106,950 .845 

3. Newark, NJ PMSA 50.60 13,080 105,240 1.358 

4. San Jose, CA PMSA 49.99 15,660 103,990 1.647 

5. Bergen-Passaic, NJ PMSA 49.96 10,440 103,910 1.654 

11-1021 General and operations managers

Plan, direct, or coordinate the operations of companies or public and private sector organizations. 

Duties and responsibilities include formulating policies, managing daily operations, and planning the 

use of materials and human resources, but are too diverse and general in nature to be classified in any 

one functional area of management or administration, such as personnel, purchasing, or administrative 

services. Include owners and managers who head small business establishments whose duties are 

primarily managerial.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Wholesale trade--durable goods $40.60 $84,440 1 33,500 8 

2. Business services 32,430 39.26 81,660 2 17

3. Automotive dealers & service stations 40.36 25,020 83,950 3 11 

4. Wholesale trade--nondurable goods 37.67 25,020 78,360 4 24 

5. Communications 11,440 39.80 82,790 5 13

1. Security and commodity brokers 4,260 47.55 98,910 22 1

2. Instruments and related products 5,040 42.56 88,530 19 2

3. Chemicals and allied products 5,810 42.53 88,460 15 3

4. Electronic & other electrical equipment 7,070 42.27 87,920 13 4

5. Paper and allied products 2,650 41.34 85,980 34 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Georgia $38.88 $80,880 .363 19 13,930 

2. Massachusetts 11,720 43.23 89,910 .363 17

3. Delaware 33.04 1,400 68,720 .348 35 

4. Illinois 35.32 20,400 73,460 .348 26 

5. Texas 29,260 36.05 74,990 .317 27

1. New York 47.20 13,820 98,180 .165 16 

2. New Jersey 45.21 8,930 94,030 .232 17 

3. Connecticut 4,490 43.93 91,370 .270 20

4. Massachusetts 11,720 43.23 89,910 .363 17

5. Minnesota 6,590 41.98 87,320 .252 17

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Rockford, IL MSA $29.34 $61,030 .479 800

2. Atlanta, GA MSA 39.49 10,040 82,130 .466 

3. Dallas, TX PMSA 40.62 8,820 84,490 .455 

4. Nashua, NH PMSA 410 39.35 81,850 .442 

5. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 48.50 910 100,880 .438 

1. New York, NY PMSA 50.52 7,590 105,070 .187 

2. San Jose, CA PMSA 49.51 3,900 102,990 .410 

3. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 48.50 910 100,880 .438 

4. Newark, NJ PMSA 47.14 2,170 98,040 .225 

5. Nassau-Suffolk, NY PMSA 46.58 2,180 96,890 .184 

11-2022 Sales managers

Direct the actual distribution or movement of a product or service to the customer. Coordinate sales 

distribution by establishing sales territories, quotas, and goals and establish training programs for sales 

representatives. Analyze sales statistics gathered by staff to determine sales potential and inventory 

requirements and monitor the preferences of customers.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Federal, State, and local government $25.25 $52,520 1 39,110 49 

2. Business services 27,690 26.27 54,650 2 43

3. Health services 27,170 25.30 52,620 3 47

4. Educational services 26,380 26.94 56,020 4 37

5. Engineering & management services 26.26 25,170 54,610 5 44 

1. Metal mining 42.80 - 89,030 - 1

2. Security and commodity brokers 5,470 38.48 80,050 12 2

3. Instruments and related products 2,230 37.77 78,560 33 3

4. Chemicals and allied products 2,650 36.14 75,160 26 4

5. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 3,450 35.56 73,970 22 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. District of Columbia 5,700 $26.21 $54,520 .943 120 

2. Maryland 22.97 13,210 47,780 .544 170 

3. Oklahoma 5,920 19.11 39,740 .408 157 

4. Alaska 1,100 23.51 48,910 .393 152 

5. Tennessee 20.38 9,920 42,390 .384 159 

1. New York 39.68 19,960 82,540 .238 31 

2. New Jersey 38.30 7,680 79,660 .200 36 

3. Rhode Island 35.73 640 74,330 .137 29 

4. Connecticut 3,420 33.36 69,390 .205 59

5. Washington 3,230 32.94 68,510 .125 65

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Baltimore, MD PMSA 8,580 $20.28 $42,180 .710 

2. Santa Fe, NM MSA 420 23.15 48,150 .584 

3. Austin-San Marcos, TX MSA 3,810 28.59 59,460 .579 

4. Des Moines, IA MSA 27.94 1,610 58,100 .572 

5. Cheyenne, WY MSA 25.09 190 52,180 .537 

1. New York, NY PMSA 43.50 11,320 90,470 .279 

2. Jersey City, NJ PMSA 43.04 800 89,520 .321 

3. Newark, NJ PMSA 39.25 1,700 81,640 .176 

4. Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ PMSA 39.13 1,540 81,400 .245 

5. Nassau-Suffolk, NY PMSA 38.74 2,660 80,590 .225 

11-3011 Administrative services managers

Plan, direct, or coordinate supportive services of an organization, such as recordkeeping, mail 

distribution, telephone operator/receptionist, and other office support services. May oversee facilities 

planning and maintenance and custodial operations. 

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Depository institutions 89,860 $31.81 $66,160 1 58

2. Engineering & management services 40.01 40,490 83,220 2 17 

3. Security and commodity brokers 35,410 51.72 107,570 3 1

4. Federal, State, and local government 32.62 34,510 67,850 4 54 

5. Business services 33,100 37.39 77,770 5 35

1. Security and commodity brokers 35,410 51.72 107,570 3 1

2. Tobacco products 360 45.12 93,850 64 2

3. Chemicals and allied products 5,430 43.35 90,170 27 3

4. Holding and other investment offices 10,120 42.63 88,660 16 4

5. Petroleum and coal products 730 42.58 88,570 61 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. District of Columbia 5,110 $39.06 $81,240 .845 18

2. Massachusetts 25,410 40.38 83,980 .787 24

3. Delaware 32.16 2,540 66,900 .632 41 

4. New York 48.67 51,790 101,240 .618 12 

5. Connecticut 10,100 43.04 89,520 .607 21

1. New York 48.67 51,790 101,240 .618 12 

2. Rhode Island 43.25 1,650 89,960 .352 14 

3. Connecticut 10,100 43.04 89,520 .607 21

4. New Jersey 41.69 21,220 86,720 .551 20 

5. Minnesota 9,130 41.01 85,310 .349 19

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA $51.09 $106,270 1.102 2,290

2. Boston, MA-NH PMSA 43.12 18,950 89,690 .961 

3. New York, NY PMSA 51.79 38,320 107,720 .945 

4. Reading, PA MSA 1,300 23.29 48,440 .796 

5. Jersey City, NJ PMSA 43.17 1,910 89,800 .767 

1. New York, NY PMSA 51.79 38,320 107,720 .945 

2. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 51.09 2,290 106,270 1.102 

3. San Jose, CA PMSA 48.40 5,400 100,670 .568 

4. San Francisco, CA PMSA 6,910 46.30 96,310 .693 

5. Nassau-Suffolk, NY PMSA 45.09 3,890 93,790 .328 

11-3031 Financial managers

Plan, direct, and coordinate accounting, investing, banking, insurance, securities, and other financial 

activities of a branch, office, or department of an establishment.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Federal, State, and local government $24.66 $51,290 1 39,690 9 

2. Industrial machinery and equipment 20,140 22.06 45,890 2 25

3. Transportation equipment 15,420 25.13 52,260 3 6

4. Electronic & other electrical equipment 21.52 13,950 44,760 4 30 

5. Business services 11,950 21.65 45,040 5 28

1. Railroad transportation 180 29.22 60,770 61 1

2. Pipelines, except natural gas 28.68 - 59,660 - 2

3. Oil and gas extraction 850 28.59 59,460 39 3

4. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 3,110 27.16 56,490 18 4

5. Security and commodity brokers 640 25.48 52,990 44 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. District of Columbia 2,600 $30.19 $62,800 .430 76

2. Virginia 8,480 24.29 50,530 .249 145 

3. Washington 6,150 23.44 48,750 .238 200 

4. Michigan 10,010 24.93 51,860 .225 144 

5. Minnesota 5,640 21.66 45,060 .216 207 

1. District of Columbia 2,600 30.19 62,800 .430 76

2. New Jersey 25.32 6,840 52,660 .178 185 

3. Michigan 10,010 24.93 51,860 .225 144 

4. Alaska 560 24.67 51,310 .200 123 

5. Virginia 8,480 24.29 50,530 .249 145 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Huntsville, AL MSA $26.32 $54,740 .742 1,310

2. Binghamton, NY MSA 470 22.89 47,610 .425 

3. San Jose, CA PMSA 28.23 3,820 58,710 .402 

4. Elkhart-Goshen, IN MSA 20.62 430 42,880 .385 

5. Lowell, MA-NH PMSA 23.64 440 49,170 .354 

1. Washington, DC-MD-VA-WV PMSA 28.46 8,420 59,200 .315 

2. San Jose, CA PMSA 28.23 3,820 58,710 .402 

3. Detroit, MI PMSA 27.47 5,370 57,150 .262 

4. Flint, MI PMSA 27.26 270 56,700 .166 

5. Monmouth-Ocean, NJ PMSA 850 26.63 55,390 .222 

Purchase machinery, equipment, tools, parts, supplies, or services necessary for the operation of an 

establishment. Purchase raw or semi-finished materials for manufacturing. Include contract specialists, 

field contractors, purchasers, price analysts, tooling coordinators, and media buyers.

Industry

13-1023 Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Insurance carriers 130,160 $22.12 $46,000 1 9

2. Insurance agents, brokers, & service 21.11 45,510 43,920 2 14 

3. Federal, State, and local government 22.09 7,720 45,940 3 10 

4. Business services 6,850 20.98 43,650 4 15

5. Membership organizations 2,100 18.03 37,510 5 25

1. Communications 660 33.77 70,240 11 1

2. Railroad transportation 270 31.91 66,370 14 2

3. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 210 27.75 57,710 16 3

4. Real estate 240 25.24 52,500 15 4

5. Transportation by air 23.66 50 49,210 24 5 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Rhode Island $23.54 $48,970 .308 129 1,440 

2. Connecticut 4,970 24.35 50,640 .299 177 

3. Nebraska 2,110 19.02 39,550 .239 167 

4. Illinois 19.00 13,620 39,510 .232 287 

5. Oklahoma 2,950 22.13 46,040 .203 94

1. Alaska 80 29.57 61,500 .029 59

2. New Hampshire 28.57 670 59,420 .111 58 

3. New York 24.41 14,520 50,760 .173 202 

4. Connecticut 4,970 24.35 50,640 .299 177 

5. California 26,280 23.87 49,650 .182 224 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Bloomington-Normal, IL MSA $22.35 $46,490 1.406 1,180

2. Hartford, CT MSA 22.93 3,320 47,690 .542 

3. Des Moines, IA MSA 18.33 1,400 38,120 .498 

4. Jacksonville, FL MSA 23.01 2,430 47,860 .442 

5. Wausau, WI MSA 20.41 290 42,460 .439 

1. Bridgeport, CT PMSA 70 35.80 74,470 .037 

2. San Angelo, TX MSA 31.80 - 66,140 - 

3. Lubbock, TX MSA 31.76 - 66,060 - 

4. Anchorage, AK MSA 30.73 70 63,910 .053 

5. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 30.10 800 62,610 .385 

13-1031 Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators

Review settled claims to determine that payments and settlements have been made in accordance with 

company practices and procedures, ensuring that proper methods have been followed. Report 

overpayments, underpayments, and other irregularities. Confer with legal counsel on claims requiring 

litigation.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Engineering & management services $35.90 $74,670 1 109,630 4 

2. Federal, State, and local government 27.70 78,400 57,620 2 37 

3. Business services 41,660 32.64 67,880 3 9

4. Insurance carriers 17,000 26.37 54,860 4 47

5. Communications 16,300 26.10 54,290 5 48

1. Legal services 38.32 220 79,700 38 1 

2. Services, nec 1,220 37.71 78,430 25 2

3. Oil and gas extraction 1,220 37.01 76,990 27 3

4. Engineering & management services 109,630 35.90 74,670 1 4

5. Pipelines, except natural gas 80 35.46 73,750 52 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. District of Columbia 17,050 $30.24 $62,890 2.820 75

2. Virginia 29,090 34.29 71,310 .856 47

3. Maryland 30.33 12,280 63,090 .506 83 

4. Connecticut 7,140 34.58 71,930 .429 52

5. New Jersey 34.69 16,500 72,150 .429 54 

1. Rhode Island 40.21 1,250 83,640 .267 21 

2. Illinois 36.02 17,420 74,910 .297 24 

3. New Hampshire 35.35 1,850 73,530 .306 20 

4. Massachusetts 13,210 35.34 73,510 .409 42

5. New Jersey 34.69 16,500 72,150 .429 54 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Tallahassee, FL MSA $32.13 $66,830 2.488 3,830

2. Washington, DC-MD-VA-WV PMSA 33.09 43,120 68,830 1.613 

3. Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR MSA 19.71 2,150 40,990 .715 

4. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 41.06 1,420 85,410 .684 

5. Huntsville, AL MSA 29.04 1,200 60,400 .680 

1. Manchester, NH PMSA 49.79 - 103,560 - 

2. Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA MSA 42.01 1,000 87,380 .194 

3. Santa Rosa, CA PMSA 190 41.57 86,470 .099 

4. Lubbock, TX MSA 41.32 - 85,950 - 

5. Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI MSA 41.26 590 85,810 .107 

13-1111 Management analysts

Conduct organizational studies and evaluations, design systems and procedures, conduct work 

simplifications and measurement studies, and prepare operations and procedures manuals to assist 

management in operating more efficiently and effectively. Include program analysts and management 

consultants.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Engineering & management services $26.94 $56,030 1 256,400 2 

2. Federal, State, and local government 22.59 99,290 46,990 2 48 

3. Business services 44,560 23.40 48,660 3 40

4. Wholesale trade--durable goods 24.82 30,700 51,610 4 20 

5. Educational services 29,440 20.55 42,740 5 66

1. Legal services 27.30 5,910 56,790 36 1 

2. Engineering & management services 256,400 26.94 56,030 1 2

3. Transportation equipment 10,670 26.85 55,840 18 3

4. Pipelines, except natural gas 170 26.83 55,810 69 4

5. Security and commodity brokers 13,070 26.66 55,460 12 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. District of Columbia 9,450 $27.25 $56,680 1.563 107 

2. New York 28.39 79,340 59,040 .947 139 

3. Connecticut 15,700 28.36 58,990 .943 117 

4. Washington 22,500 26.70 55,540 .872 133 

5. Vermont 25.46 2,500 52,950 .848 68 

1. New York 28.39 79,340 59,040 .947 139 

2. Connecticut 15,700 28.36 58,990 .943 117 

3. New Jersey 27.53 29,930 57,270 .778 145 

4. District of Columbia 9,450 27.25 56,680 1.563 107 

5. California 97,190 26.85 55,840 .673 169 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Tallahassee, FL MSA $23.73 $49,350 1.631 2,510

2. Olympia, WA PMSA 22.73 1,240 47,280 1.481 

3. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 30.37 2,700 63,160 1.300 

4. New York, NY PMSA 30.38 48,680 63,200 1.200 

5. Hartford, CT MSA 27.64 7,180 57,490 1.172 

1. Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA PMSA 35.49 1,360 73,810 .749 

2. Bergen-Passaic, NJ PMSA 30.95 5,370 64,370 .851 

3. Danbury, CT PMSA 30.61 580 63,660 .664 

4. New York, NY PMSA 30.38 48,680 63,200 1.200 

5. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 30.37 2,700 63,160 1.300 

13-2011 Accountants and auditors

Examine, analyze, and interpret accounting records for the purpose of giving advice or preparing 

statements. Install or advise on systems of recording costs or other financial and budgetary data.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Depository institutions 101,290 $22.87 $47,580 1 12

2. Nondepository institutions 95,060 24.86 51,710 2 9

3. Federal, State, and local government 25.20 5,380 52,410 3 7 

4. Real estate 3,010 27.76 57,740 4 5

5. Insurance carriers 2,660 24.35 50,650 5 10

1. Automotive dealers & service stations 35.40 950 73,630 9 1 

2. Wholesale trade--durable goods 120 32.53 67,660 11 2

3. Security and commodity brokers 1,670 29.52 61,410 6 3

4. Engineering & management services 110 28.35 58,960 12 4

5. Real estate 3,010 27.76 57,740 4 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. South Dakota $18.70 $38,900 .392 131 1,420 

2. Montana 1,190 18.91 39,330 .310 140 

3. Colorado 6,510 28.04 58,330 .301 85

4. Utah 2,910 20.26 42,140 .278 169 

5. North Dakota 800 20.56 42,770 .257 95

1. Rhode Island 36.82 960 76,580 .205 26 

2. Connecticut 2,240 30.79 64,030 .135 85

3. New York 30.69 7,740 63,840 .092 93 

4. District of Columbia 610 29.47 61,290 .101 87

5. Arizona 28.83 3,810 59,970 .171 53 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Great Falls, MT MSA $14.69 $30,560 .449 140

2. Owensboro, KY MSA 17.11 170 35,580 .416 

3. Manchester, NH PMSA 410 23.89 49,680 .402 

4. Santa Rosa, CA PMSA 690 25.85 53,770 .361 

5. Denver, CO PMSA 30.90 3,950 64,260 .343 

1. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 38.93 350 80,980 .168 

2. New York, NY PMSA 38.07 3,350 79,180 .083 

3. San Francisco, CA PMSA 1,810 35.78 74,430 .181 

4. Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA MSA 35.61 1,050 74,080 .204 

5. Bremerton, WA PMSA 34.21 120 71,160 .167 

13-2072 Loan officers

Evaluate, authorize, or recommend approval of commercial, real estate, or credit loans. Advise 

borrowers on financial status and methods of payments. Include mortgage loan officers and agents, 

collection analysts, loan servicing officers, and loan underwriters.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Business services 235,380 $32.05 $66,660 1 9

2. Wholesale trade--durable goods 32.12 35,310 66,800 2 8 

3. Engineering & management services 29.58 28,220 61,540 3 17 

4. Insurance carriers 23,190 28.57 59,420 4 27

5. Educational services 18,570 22.94 47,710 5 68

1. Heavy construction, ex. building 380 35.42 73,680 54 1

2. Security and commodity brokers 11,370 34.40 71,550 9 2

3. Pipelines, except natural gas 80 33.85 70,400 65 3

4. Oil and gas extraction 1,050 33.28 69,220 36 4

5. Coal mining 40 33.13 68,910 67 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Virginia 28,010 $29.52 $61,400 .824 89

2. Delaware 34.17 2,830 71,070 .704 29 

3. New Jersey 33.19 27,090 69,040 .704 69 

4. Colorado 13,010 31.66 65,850 .602 51

5. Connecticut 9,560 32.27 67,110 .574 73

1. Delaware 34.17 2,830 71,070 .704 29 

2. Texas 45,360 34.07 70,860 .491 41

3. Washington 12,090 34.01 70,740 .468 52

4. California 65,670 33.61 69,920 .455 75

5. Massachusetts 16,320 33.51 69,700 .505 53

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Boulder-Longmont, CO PMSA $32.34 $67,260 1.663 3,010

2. Olympia, WA PMSA 26.74 1,090 55,630 1.302 

3. San Jose, CA PMSA 35.19 11,650 73,190 1.226 

4. San Francisco, CA PMSA 11,890 36.53 75,990 1.192 

5. Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, NC MSA 34.04 7,040 70,790 1.064 

1. Houston, TX PMSA 36.72 9,000 76,370 .436 

2. Dallas, TX PMSA 36.55 18,720 76,020 .965 

3. San Francisco, CA PMSA 11,890 36.53 75,990 1.192 

4. Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ PMSA 36.33 5,980 75,560 .952 

5. Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA PMSA 36.14 9,090 75,180 .683 

15-1021 Computer programmers

Convert project specifications and statements of problems and procedures to detailed logical flow charts 

for coding into computer language. Develop and write computer programs to store, locate, and retrieve 

specific documents, data, and information. May program web sites.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Business services 190,710 $36.15 $75,190 1 2

2. Engineering & management services 34.65 32,520 72,070 2 11 

3. Industrial machinery and equipment 16,620 35.95 74,780 3 4

4. Electronic & other electrical equipment 35.79 16,470 74,440 4 5 

5. Instruments and related products 11,790 35.77 74,390 5 6

1. Security and commodity brokers 5,200 37.75 78,520 11 1

2. Business services 190,710 36.15 75,190 1 2

3. Services, nec 170 35.95 74,780 39 3

4. Industrial machinery and equipment 16,620 35.95 74,780 3 4

5. Electronic & other electrical equipment 16,470 35.79 74,440 4 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Massachusetts 21,050 $39.65 $82,470 .652 27

2. Colorado 13,280 36.45 75,810 .615 28

3. New Hampshire 35.64 3,350 74,120 .554 16 

4. Virginia 17,150 34.10 70,930 .504 50

5. Washington 12,880 36.39 75,690 .499 34

1. Arizona 39.82 4,850 82,820 .217 14 

2. Massachusetts 21,050 39.65 82,470 .652 27

3. California 66,400 39.16 81,450 .460 35

4. New Jersey 36.59 17,010 76,100 .442 43 

5. Colorado 13,280 36.45 75,810 .615 28

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Boulder-Longmont, CO PMSA $37.14 $77,260 2.011 3,640

2. San Jose, CA PMSA 42.59 17,530 88,600 1.844 

3. Nashua, NH PMSA 1,290 38.40 79,880 1.389 

4. Lowell, MA-NH PMSA 40.10 1,480 83,400 1.192 

5. Burlington, VT MSA 1,200 35.55 73,940 1.110 

1. Pittsfield, MA MSA 100 44.99 93,580 .241 

2. Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA PMSA 43.84 670 91,180 .711 

3. Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA PMSA 42.84 - 89,100 - 

4. San Jose, CA PMSA 42.59 17,530 88,600 1.844 

5. Santa Rosa, CA PMSA 510 42.44 88,280 .267 

15-1031 Computer software engineers, applications

Develop, create, and modify general computer applications software or specialized utility programs. 

Analyze user needs and develop software solutions. Design software or customize software for client use 

with the aim of optimizing operational efficiency. May analyze and design databases within an 

application area, working individually or coordinating database development as part of a team.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Business services 109,250 $36.28 $75,450 1 7

2. Industrial machinery and equipment 29,760 38.56 80,210 2 1

3. Engineering & management services 36.68 27,240 76,300 3 5 

4. Communication 20,250 33.55 69,770 4 23

5. Electronic & other electrical equipment 37.97 14,180 78,980 5 2 

1. Industrial machinery and equipment 29,760 38.56 80,210 2 1

2. Electronic & other electrical equipment 14,180 37.97 78,980 5 2

3. Apparel and other textile products 37.07 - 77,100 - 3

4. Transportation equipment 6,030 36.95 76,850 9 4

5. Engineering & management services 27,240 36.68 76,300 3 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Virginia 16,630 $34.66 $72,090 .489 43

2. Massachusetts 14,820 39.53 82,230 .459 28

3. Washington 11,340 37.33 77,650 .439 32

4. Maryland 37.89 10,190 78,810 .420 23 

5. Colorado 8,530 35.41 73,650 .395 30

1. California 50,280 39.94 83,070 .348 30

2. New Jersey 39.69 9,860 82,560 .256 29 

3. Massachusetts 14,820 39.53 82,230 .459 28

4. Illinois 38.07 9,510 79,180 .162 20 

5. District of Columbia 1,470 37.98 79,000 .243 23

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. San Jose, CA PMSA $44.07 $91,660 2.031 19,310

2. Lowell, MA-NH PMSA 39.88 1,400 82,940 1.127 

3. Colorado Springs, CO MSA 2,460 35.55 73,940 1.051 

4. Boulder-Longmont, CO PMSA 37.18 1,460 77,330 .807 

5. Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA PMSA 37.60 10,430 78,200 .783 

1. Sarasota-Bradenton, FL MSA 47.02 190 97,800 .068 

2. Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA PMSA 44.07 270 91,660 .287 

3. San Jose, CA PMSA 44.07 19,310 91,660 2.031 

4. Tyler, TX MSA 43.72 - 90,950 - 

5. Newark, NJ PMSA 41.82 1,950 86,980 .202 

15-1032 Computer software engineers, systems software

Research, design, develop, and test operating systems-level software, compilers, and network distribution 

software for medical, industrial, military, communications, aerospace, business, scientific, and general 

computing applications. Set operational specifications and formulate and analyze software 

requirements. Apply principles and techniques of computer science, engineering, and mathematical 

analysis. 

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Business services 188,270 $20.35 $42,330 1 29

2. Educational services 48,690 16.81 34,960 2 65

3. Wholesale trade--durable goods 23.52 32,410 48,930 3 7 

4. Engineering & management services 20.32 24,230 42,270 4 30 

5. Federal, State, and local government 19.85 20,580 41,290 5 35 

1. Heavy construction, ex. building 900 26.48 55,070 42 1

2. Oil and gas extraction 970 25.53 53,110 39 2

3. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 2,380 25.29 52,610 27 3

4. Coal mining 120 25.23 52,480 65 4

5. Paper and allied products 870 24.59 51,160 43 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Utah 7,660 $12.35 $25,700 .732 419 

2. Colorado 14,110 21.09 43,870 .653 197 

3. Rhode Island 18.94 2,920 39,400 .624 198 

4. Arizona 19.86 13,300 41,320 .596 176 

5. South Dakota 2,100 13.95 29,030 .580 230 

1. Massachusetts 17,160 23.55 48,990 .531 188 

2. New York 23.55 33,020 48,980 .394 220 

3. New Jersey 22.76 18,800 47,330 .489 242 

4. California 57,820 22.60 47,000 .400 257 

5. Hawaii 1,420 22.42 46,630 .265 161 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Provo-Orem, UT MSA $12.01 $24,990 1.574 2,250

2. Boulder-Longmont, CO PMSA 20.55 2,720 42,750 1.503 

3. Olympia, WA PMSA 21.12 1,060 43,930 1.266 

4. San Jose, CA PMSA 27.71 9,460 57,630 .995 

5. Colorado Springs, CO MSA 2,160 18.14 37,720 .923 

1. San Jose, CA PMSA 27.71 9,460 57,630 .995 

2. Lowell, MA-NH PMSA 27.21 1,120 56,600 .902 

3. San Francisco, CA PMSA 6,860 27.07 56,300 .688 

4. Waterbury, CT PMSA 26.85 190 55,840 .222 

5. Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC MSA 26.20 4,610 54,490 .571 

15-1041 Computer support specialists

Provide technical assistance to computer system users. Answer questions or resolve computer problems 

for clients in person, via telephone or from remote location. May provide assistance concerning the use 

of computer hardware and software, including printing, installation, word processing, electronic mail, 

and operating systems.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Business services 158,620 $32.79 $68,200 1 3

2. Federal, State, and local government 29.12 77,000 60,560 2 28 

3. Insurance carriers 30,170 29.96 62,320 3 19

4. Engineering & management services 29.56 26,790 61,470 4 24 

5. Educational services 15,220 23.88 49,670 5 61

1. Oil and gas extraction 690 33.68 70,060 36 1

2. Pipelines, except natural gas 60 32.80 68,220 60 2

3. Business services 158,620 32.79 68,200 1 3

4. Security and commodity brokers 6,450 32.39 67,360 12 4

5. Wholesale trade--durable goods 13,700 32.08 66,720 7 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. District of Columbia 7,480 $33.98 $70,670 1.237 47

2. Virginia 25,520 30.47 63,370 .751 75

3. Maryland 31.41 17,280 65,340 .712 70 

4. Colorado 13,850 33.55 69,790 .641 38

5. Illinois 33.16 36,550 68,960 .624 38 

1. New Jersey 36.17 17,480 75,230 .454 46 

2. District of Columbia 7,480 33.98 70,670 1.237 47

3. Wisconsin 11,460 33.70 70,090 .426 26

4. Colorado 13,850 33.55 69,790 .641 38

5. New York 33.37 23,780 69,410 .284 68 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Springfield, IL MSA $27.84 $57,920 1.391 1,530

2. Washington, DC-MD-VA-WV PMSA 32.21 34,570 66,990 1.293 

3. Boulder-Longmont, CO PMSA 31.01 2,290 64,510 1.265 

4. Huntsville, AL MSA 29.10 1,660 60,530 .940 

5. Madison, WI MSA 25.87 2,400 53,820 .884 

1. Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ PMSA 40.35 4,120 83,930 .656 

2. Bloomington-Normal, IL MSA 40.34 - 83,900 - 

3. Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI PMSA 39.11 - 81,350 - 

4. Jersey City, NJ PMSA 37.73 1,570 78,480 .630 

5. Santa Rosa, CA PMSA 330 37.23 77,430 .172 

15-1051 Computer systems analysts

Analyze science, engineering, business, and all other data processing problems for application to 

electronic data processing systems. Analyze user requirements, procedures, and problems to automate or 

improve existing systems and review computer system capabilities, workflow, and scheduling limitations. 

May analyze or recommend commercially available software.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Engineering & management services $29.52 $61,390 1 106,400 18 

2. Federal, State, and local government 28.52 64,030 59,330 2 24 

3. Heavy construction, ex. building 8,500 32.09 66,750 3 11

4. General building contractors 7,220 27.96 58,150 4 29

5. Special trade contractors 3,940 27.80 57,820 5 31

1. Oil and gas extraction 680 42.07 87,510 11 1

2. Pipelines, except natural gas 170 40.23 83,670 25 2

3. Trucking and warehousing 34.78 - 72,340 - 3

4. Chemicals and allied products 760 33.95 70,620 10 4

5. Paper and allied products 150 33.93 70,580 29 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Washington 10,190 $32.02 $66,610 .395 75

2. Alaska 1,010 33.12 68,890 .361 36

3. Hawaii 1,580 28.30 58,860 .295 64

4. Colorado 6,150 28.56 59,410 .285 79

5. Montana 1,090 24.85 51,690 .284 54

1. District of Columbia 830 33.81 70,330 .137 48

2. Alaska 1,010 33.12 68,890 .361 36

3. Washington 10,190 32.02 66,610 .395 75

4. California 30,960 31.96 66,470 .214 90

5. Texas 16,070 31.69 65,910 .174 58

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Olympia, WA PMSA $28.83 $59,980 .908 760

2. Yuba City, CA MSA 340 29.06 60,450 .882 

3. Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA MSA 34.76 560 72,310 .727 

4. Sacramento, CA PMSA 31.55 4,030 65,620 .557 

5. Redding, CA MSA 340 29.50 61,360 .535 

1. Brazoria, TX PMSA 37.48 - 77,960 - 

2. Odessa-Midland, TX MSA 36.80 - 76,550 -

3. Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA PMSA 35.25 250 73,310 .138 

4. Augusta-Aiken, GA-SC MSA 35.24 500 73,290 .257 

5. Newburgh, NY-PA PMSA 35.03 100 72,860 .077 

17-2051 Civil engineers

Perform engineering duties in planning, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of 

building structures, and facilities, such as roads, railroads, airports, bridges, harbors, channels, dams, 

irrigation projects, pipelines, power plants, water and sewage systems, and waste disposal units. Include 

architectural, structural, traffic, ocean, and geo-technical engineers.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Engineering & management services $33.18 $69,020 1 37,850 16 

2. Electronic & other electrical equipment 32.76 24,430 68,140 2 17 

3. Instruments and related products 18,520 33.70 70,090 3 12

4. Industrial machinery and equipment 12,900 32.41 67,410 4 18

5. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 9,730 33.33 69,320 5 14

1. Motion pictures 120 37.22 77,410 30 1

2. Holding and other investment offices 210 37.16 77,290 24 2

3. Business services 8,580 36.93 76,800 6 3

4. Coal mining 50 36.78 76,500 37 4

5. General building contractors 320 36.35 75,600 22 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. New Mexico $36.22 $75,330 .244 21 1,760 

2. Colorado 4,850 31.79 66,130 .225 50

3. Massachusetts 7,200 36.66 76,250 .223 37

4. Virginia 6,780 32.70 68,010 .199 58

5. Arizona 35.50 4,190 73,840 .188 19 

1. Massachusetts 7,200 36.66 76,250 .223 37

2. District of Columbia 500 36.24 75,390 .083 30

3. New Mexico 36.22 1,760 75,330 .244 21 

4. Texas 12,310 36.06 75,000 .133 26

5. California 24,830 36.01 74,900 .172 52

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Lowell, MA-NH PMSA $36.77 $76,490 .765 950

2. San Jose, CA PMSA 42.46 7,050 88,320 .742 

3. Huntsville, AL MSA 31.71 1,210 65,960 .685 

4. Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA MSA 38.01 460 79,060 .597 

5. Boulder-Longmont, CO PMSA 31.09 1,020 64,670 .564 

1. San Jose, CA PMSA 42.46 7,050 88,320 .742 

2. Austin-San Marcos, TX MSA 2,480 39.13 81,380 .377 

3. Brazoria, TX PMSA 38.92 - 80,940 - 

4. Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA MSA 38.01 460 79,060 .597 

5. Ventura, CA PMSA 390 37.84 78,700 .137 

17-2071 Electrical engineers

Design, develop, test, or supervise the manufacturing and installation of electrical equipment, 

components, or systems for commercial, industrial, military, or scientific use.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Transportation equipment 24,870 $30.32 $63,070 1 19

2. Industrial machinery and equipment 20,080 28.98 60,270 2 28

3. Electronic & other electrical equipment 30.46 19,460 63,350 3 18 

4. Instruments and related products 13,080 30.66 63,780 4 14

5. Business services 12,100 29.01 60,340 5 25

1. Oil and gas extraction 1,370 37.07 77,100 20 1

2. Services, nec 35.89 - 74,660 - 2

3. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 2,200 35.71 74,270 16 3

4. Pipelines, except natural gas 60 35.02 72,840 46 4

5. Heavy construction, ex. building 990 33.75 70,190 22 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Michigan 12,730 $31.10 $64,680 .287 66

2. Ohio 11,650 28.75 59,810 .215 60

3. Minnesota 5,100 31.44 65,390 .195 54

4. Indiana 5,380 26.74 55,630 .188 72

5. Massachusetts 6,020 31.33 65,170 .186 72

1. Alaska 80 36.41 75,740 .029 21

2. California 18,320 32.74 68,090 .127 85

3. District of Columbia 200 32.47 67,540 .033 63

4. Hawaii 70 32.36 67,310 .013 38

5. Washington 2,770 32.10 66,760 .107 73

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Lawrence, MA-NH PMSA $32.68 $67,970 .594 930

2. Flint, MI PMSA 32.52 820 67,650 .503 

3. Mansfield, OH MSA 370 24.91 51,820 .472 

4. San Jose, CA PMSA 38.41 4,350 79,890 .458 

5. Boulder-Longmont, CO PMSA 32.76 820 68,140 .453 

1. Odessa-Midland, TX MSA 60 38.72 80,530 .058 

2. San Jose, CA PMSA 38.41 4,350 79,890 .458 

3. Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA MSA 37.44 - 77,870 - 

4. Brazoria, TX PMSA 35.60 - 74,050 - 

5. Lake Charles, LA MSA 35.36 120 73,540 .143 

17-2112 Industrial engineers

Design, develop, test, and evaluate integrated systems for managing industrial production processes 

including human work factors, quality control, inventory control, logistics and material flow, cost 

analysis, and production coordination.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Engineering & management services $32.25 $67,080 1 40,150 12 

2. Industrial machinery and equipment 38,790 27.68 57,570 2 39

3. Transportation equipment 22,040 30.20 62,820 3 25

4. Instruments and related products 15,780 31.32 65,150 4 15

5. Electronic & other electrical equipment 30.83 14,080 64,120 5 21 

1. Amusement & recreation services 41.40 240 86,110 32 1 

2. Holding and other investment offices 60 38.59 80,270 42 2

3. Heavy construction, ex. building 820 37.02 77,000 21 3

4. Business services 12,610 36.27 75,430 6 4

5. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 2,240 35.41 73,640 14 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Michigan 14,350 $30.18 $62,780 .323 73

2. Connecticut 4,840 30.33 63,090 .291 88

3. Wisconsin 6,920 27.42 57,030 .257 61

4. Indiana 7,000 27.54 57,280 .245 65

5. Kansas 2,880 25.69 53,440 .218 83

1. New Mexico 36.73 830 76,400 .115 20 

2. Texas 18,190 35.17 73,150 .197 32

3. District of Columbia 680 34.72 72,220 .112 42

4. Alaska 270 34.57 71,910 .097 30

5. Delaware 34.14 510 71,020 .127 30 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Peoria-Pekin, IL MSA $32.54 $67,670 .905 1,470

2. Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA MSA 38.36 490 79,800 .636 

3. Huntsville, AL MSA 31.13 920 64,740 .521 

4. Bremerton, WA PMSA 29.52 350 61,400 .487 

5. Houston, TX PMSA 37.89 9,660 78,800 .468 

1. Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA MSA 38.36 490 79,800 .636 

2. Houston, TX PMSA 37.89 9,660 78,800 .468 

3. Boulder-Longmont, CO PMSA 37.67 650 78,350 .359 

4. Brazoria, TX PMSA 37.41 - 77,800 - 

5. San Jose, CA PMSA 37.17 3,970 77,310 .418 

17-2141 Mechanical engineers

Perform engineering duties in planning and designing tools, engines, machines, and other mechanically 

functioning equipment. Oversee installation, operation, maintenance, and repair of such equipment as 

centralized heat, gas, water, and steam systems.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Electronic & other electrical equipment $18.23 $37,910 1 53,320 40 

2. Wholesale trade--durable goods 21.77 26,730 45,290 2 12 

3. Communications 21,970 23.51 48,900 3 7

4. Federal, State, and local government 23.69 21,870 49,270 4 6 

5. Engineering & management services 20.95 21,050 43,580 5 17 

1. Pipelines, except natural gas 120 26.69 55,520 39 1

2. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 8,100 24.97 51,940 9 2

3. Motion pictures 940 24.92 51,840 16 3

4. Railroad transportation 200 24.17 50,270 33 4

5. Petroleum and coal products 190 23.83 49,580 34 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Idaho 6,850 $19.75 $41,080 1.227 141 

2. Arizona 18.91 9,330 39,340 .418 202 

3. Oregon 18.53 5,740 38,550 .368 260 

4. New Mexico 20.78 2,380 43,220 .330 134 

5. New Hampshire 21.14 1,420 43,970 .235 140 

1. Alaska 370 27.49 57,170 .132 80

2. District of Columbia 400 24.35 50,650 .066 144 

3. Delaware 23.87 260 49,650 .065 112 

4. Colorado 4,540 23.49 48,860 .210 146 

5. New Jersey 22.90 5,130 47,630 .133 235 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Boise City, ID MSA $19.60 $40,770 2.837 6,300

2. San Jose, CA PMSA 23.94 8,530 49,790 .897 

3. Las Cruces, NM MSA 20.10 420 41,810 .750 

4. Boulder-Longmont, CO PMSA 28.16 1,340 58,580 .740 

5. Nashua, NH PMSA 570 20.57 42,790 .614 

1. Boulder-Longmont, CO PMSA 28.16 1,340 58,580 .740 

2. Bergen-Passaic, NJ PMSA 26.41 1,060 54,930 .168 

3. Bremerton, WA PMSA 25.37 260 52,770 .362 

4. Bloomington-Normal, IL MSA 25.34 70 52,700 .083 

5. Bakersfield, CA MSA 25.18 970 52,370 .419 

17-3023 Electrical and electronic engineering technicians

Apply electrical and electronic theory and related knowledge, usually under the direction of engineering 

staff, to design, build, repair, calibrate, and modify electrical components, circuitry, controls, and 

machinery for subsequent evaluation and use by engineering staff in making engineering design 

decisions.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Chemicals and allied products 32,540 $28.45 $59,170 1 6

2. Engineering & management services 24.07 22,270 50,070 2 24 

3. Federal, State, and local government 29.08 9,900 60,490 3 4 

4. Food and kindred products 2,620 22.84 47,500 4 27

5. Instruments and related products 2,390 27.00 56,160 5 13

1. Oil and gas extraction 42.91 - 89,240 - 1

2. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 1,220 30.27 62,960 7 2

3. Paper and allied products 1,060 29.46 61,280 10 3

4. Federal, State, and local government 9,900 29.08 60,490 3 4

5. Petroleum and coal products 1,000 28.97 60,260 11 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Delaware $37.69 $78,400 .249 20 1,000 

2. New Jersey 30.96 6,940 64,410 .180 102 

3. North Carolina 4,350 27.96 58,170 .117 72

4. Massachusetts 3,670 31.36 65,230 .114 71

5. Maryland 32.80 2,590 68,220 .107 59 

1. Delaware 37.69 1,000 78,400 .249 20 

2. District of Columbia 470 35.45 73,740 .078 36

3. Maryland 32.80 2,590 68,220 .107 59 

4. Connecticut 1,560 32.62 67,850 .094 68

5. Massachusetts 3,670 31.36 65,230 .114 71

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, NC MSA $29.64 $61,660 .380 2,510

2. Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ PMSA 30.25 2,110 62,910 .336 

3. Newark, NJ PMSA 31.81 2,990 66,170 .310 

4. Wilmington-Newark, DE-MD PMSA 38.22 950 79,500 .310 

5. Boulder-Longmont, CO PMSA 23.66 550 49,210 .304 

1. Lawrence, MA-NH PMSA 40.06 130 83,330 .083 

2. Wilmington-Newark, DE-MD PMSA 38.22 950 79,500 .310 

3. Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA MSA 36.83 - 76,600 - 

4. Washington, DC-MD-VA-WV PMSA 35.70 2,620 74,260 .098 

5. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 33.66 410 70,020 .197 

19-2031 Chemists

Conduct qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses or chemical experiments in laboratories for 

quality or process control or to develop new products or knowledge. 

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Federal, State, and local government $23.88 $49,660 1 29,050 19 

2. Engineering & management services 24.16 19,140 50,240 2 18 

3. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 2,010 28.96 60,240 3 10

4. Educational services 1,890 19.35 40,250 4 24

5. Chemicals and allied products 1,590 30.38 63,200 5 8

1. Holding and other investment offices 60 40.95 85,180 12 1

2. Oil and gas extraction 440 38.96 81,030 7 2

3. Wholesale trade--nondurable goods 110 36.14 75,170 10 3

4. Petroleum and coal products 240 33.09 68,820 8 4

5. Paper and allied products 60 31.29 65,090 13 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. District of Columbia 1,130 $33.27 $69,210 .187 54

2. Alaska 470 27.32 56,820 .168 82

3. New Mexico 22.27 930 46,310 .129 109 

4. Washington 2,780 26.63 55,390 .108 137 

5. Nebraska 890 16.58 34,490 .101 231 

1. District of Columbia 1,130 33.27 69,210 .187 54

2. California 5,240 29.16 60,650 .036 137 

3. Colorado 1,330 28.46 59,200 .062 80

4. New Jersey 27.87 2,260 57,970 .059 141 

5. Alaska 470 27.32 56,820 .168 82

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA MSA $31.51 $65,540 .610 470

2. Olympia, WA PMSA 23.59 440 49,060 .526 

3. Tallahassee, FL MSA 35.16 540 73,130 .351 

4. Las Cruces, NM MSA 16.98 170 35,320 .304 

5. Santa Fe, NM MSA 210 22.97 47,780 .292 

1. Tallahassee, FL MSA 35.16 540 73,130 .351 

2. San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles, CA MSA 34.85 - 72,480 - 

3. Bakersfield, CA MSA 33.58 90 69,850 .039 

4. Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ PMSA 32.99 330 68,610 .053 

5. San Francisco, CA PMSA 610 32.17 66,910 .061 

Conduct research or perform investigation for the purpose of identifying, abating, or eliminating sources 

of pollutants or hazards that affect either the environment or the health of the population. Utilizing 

knowledge of various scientific disciplines may collect, synthesize, study, report, and take action based 

on data derived from measurements or observations of air, food, soil, water, and other sources.

Industry

19-2041 Environmental scientists and specialists, including health

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Engineering & management services $23.83 $49,570 1 20,490 45 

2. Business services 16,220 30.21 62,840 2 13

3. Communications 5,960 31.16 64,820 3 7

4. Insurance carriers 5,870 23.55 48,980 4 47

5. Wholesale trade--durable goods 34.66 5,540 72,100 5 3 

1. Industrial machinery and equipment 3,640 35.92 74,700 9 1

2. Transportation equipment 840 35.75 74,360 25 2

3. Wholesale trade--durable goods 5,540 34.66 72,100 5 3

4. Electronic & other electrical equipment 5,130 33.28 69,220 6 4

5. Oil and gas extraction 150 32.04 66,630 47 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. District of Columbia 1,130 $30.36 $63,160 .187 73

2. Washington 4,540 36.32 75,540 .176 35

3. Minnesota 4,440 31.33 65,160 .170 57

4. Massachusetts 5,060 29.95 62,290 .157 83

5. Connecticut 2,530 30.65 63,750 .152 86

1. Washington 4,540 36.32 75,540 .176 35

2. Oregon 32.71 1,440 68,030 .092 37 

3. California 15,200 31.38 65,270 .105 97

4. Minnesota 4,440 31.33 65,160 .170 57

5. Connecticut 2,530 30.65 63,750 .152 86

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA $31.11 $64,700 .327 680

2. Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA PMSA 37.87 3,850 78,770 .289 

3. San Jose, CA PMSA 38.53 2,680 80,150 .282 

4. Utica-Rome, NY MSA 350 8.61 17,910 .271 

5. Austin-San Marcos, TX MSA 1,610 36.94 76,820 .245 

1. Eugene-Springfield, OR MSA 46.84 - 97,420 - 

2. San Francisco, CA PMSA 1,740 39.93 83,050 .174 

3. San Jose, CA PMSA 38.53 2,680 80,150 .282 

4. Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA PMSA 37.87 3,850 78,770 .289 

5. Austin-San Marcos, TX MSA 1,610 36.94 76,820 .245 

19-3021 Market research analysts

Research market conditions in local, regional, or national areas to determine potential sales of a product 

or service. May gather information on competitors, prices, sales, and methods of marketing and 

distribution. May use survey results to create a marketing campaign based on regional preferences and 

buying habits.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Educational services 39,560 $26.53 $55,170 1 2

2. Health services 32,490 27.21 56,590 2 1

3. Social services 12,910 20.27 42,160 3 7

4. Federal, State, and local government 24.94 9,260 51,880 4 4 

5. Engineering & management services 25.41 550 52,840 5 3 

1. Health services 32,490 27.21 56,590 2 1

2. Educational services 39,560 26.53 55,170 1 2

3. Engineering & management services 550 25.41 52,840 5 3

4. Federal, State, and local government 9,260 24.94 51,880 4 4

5. Business services 350 23.89 49,690 6 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Connecticut 2,110 $26.94 $56,030 .127 142 

2. Massachusetts 3,770 23.48 48,850 .117 192 

3. New Hampshire 23.26 700 48,380 .116 118 

4. Delaware 25.13 450 52,280 .112 101 

5. Utah 1,100 21.24 44,170 .105 145 

1. New York 31.86 8,420 66,270 .101 85 

2. California 12,600 30.23 62,870 .087 118 

3. Michigan 3,440 29.48 61,310 .077 81

4. New Jersey 28.55 3,020 59,370 .078 126 

5. Alaska 240 28.25 58,760 .086 70

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. New Bedford, MA PMSA $26.44 $54,990 .356 230

2. Brockton, MA PMSA 310 27.79 57,810 .316 

3. Redding, CA MSA 170 27.52 57,240 .267 

4. Pueblo, CO MSA 140 23.71 49,320 .257 

5. Dutchess County, NY PMSA 260 28.88 60,070 .236 

1. Nashua, NH PMSA 70 37.62 78,250 .075 

2. Nassau-Suffolk, NY PMSA 36.27 1,070 75,440 .090 

3. New York, NY PMSA 36.02 3,770 74,920 .093 

4. Terre Haute, IN MSA 35.89 - 74,640 - 

5. San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles, CA MSA 34.02 110 70,770 .108 

19-3031 Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists

Diagnose and treat mental disorders; learning disabilities; and cognitive, behavioral, and emotional 

problems using individual, child, family, and group therapies. May design and implement behavior 

modification programs.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Chemicals and allied products 28,240 $20.01 $41,620 1 8

2. Engineering & management services 14.25 15,320 29,630 2 32 

3. Instruments and related products 2,890 19.42 40,390 3 11

4. Food and kindred products 2,050 16.00 33,290 4 26

5. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 1,970 25.14 52,290 5 1

1. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 1,970 25.14 52,290 5 1

2. Pipelines, except natural gas 120 23.97 49,850 25 2

3. Oil and gas extraction 1,210 23.30 48,460 11 3

4. Transportation equipment 980 22.88 47,580 15 4

5. Tobacco products 22.28 - 46,350 - 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Delaware $22.92 $47,680 .259 122 1,040 

2. West Virginia 920 19.56 40,690 .134 145 

3. New Jersey 19.90 5,040 41,400 .131 307 

4. Louisiana 2,270 23.24 48,340 .123 112 

5. Wyoming 12.87 260 26,770 .109 276 

1. Louisiana 2,270 23.24 48,340 .123 112 

2. Delaware 22.92 1,040 47,680 .259 122 

3. Hawaii 30 21.71 45,170 .006 180 

4. New Mexico 21.10 380 43,880 .053 129 

5. Arizona 21.07 460 43,830 .021 148 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Parkersburg-Marietta, WV-OH MSA $19.99 $41,580 .409 270

2. Wilmington-Newark, DE-MD PMSA 23.36 980 48,590 .320 

3. Casper, WY MSA 11.78 100 24,510 .307 

4. Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ PMSA 19.05 1,880 39,620 .299 

5. Baton Rouge, LA MSA 24.21 860 50,350 .295 

1. Houma, LA MSA 25.48 60 53,010 .077 

2. Brazoria, TX PMSA 25.38 - 52,790 - 

3. Baton Rouge, LA MSA 24.21 860 50,350 .295 

4. Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX MSA 24.19 390 50,320 .257 

5. Wilmington-Newark, DE-MD PMSA 23.36 980 48,590 .320 

19-4031 Chemical technicians

Conduct chemical and physical laboratory tests to assist scientists in making qualitative and quantitative 

analyses of solids, liquids, and gaseous materials for purposes, such as research and development of new 

products or processes, quality control, maintenance of environmental standards, and other work 

involving experimental, theoretical, or practical application of chemistry and related sciences. 

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Educational services 166,340 $23.08 $48,010 1 2

2. Social services 21,070 13.66 28,420 2 9

3. Federal, State, and local government 21.01 9,620 43,690 3 3 

4. Health services 2,690 16.73 34,800 4 5

5. Membership organizations 440 15.42 32,070 5 6

1. Engineering & management services 29.95 - 62,290 - 1

2. Educational services 166,340 23.08 48,010 1 2

3. Federal, State, and local government 9,620 21.01 43,690 3 3

4. Holding and other investment offices 190 20.41 42,450 6 4

5. Health services 2,690 16.73 34,800 4 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Louisiana 5,510 $19.29 $40,130 .298 184 

2. Florida 21.87 18,450 45,490 .261 170 

3. Hawaii 1,250 19.51 40,580 .233 229 

4. Vermont 19.94 680 41,470 .231 159 

5. Alaska 640 23.82 49,550 .229 142 

1. New York 29.65 13,190 61,670 .158 115 

2. New Jersey 27.97 5,930 58,180 .154 139 

3. Michigan 5,640 24.68 51,330 .127 152 

4. Rhode Island 24.61 740 51,190 .158 109 

5. Connecticut 2,960 24.32 50,580 .178 178 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Bryan-College Station, TX MSA $16.54 $34,400 .512 390

2. Grand Forks, ND-MN MSA 16.79 210 34,920 .457 

3. Baton Rouge, LA MSA 21.41 1,300 44,520 .446 

4. Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA MSA 17.34 500 36,070 .409 

5. Wichita, KS MSA 1,080 20.50 42,640 .387 

1. New York, NY PMSA 37.36 5,860 77,710 .144 

2. Myrtle Beach, SC MSA 31.05 - 64,590 - 

3. Nassau-Suffolk, NY PMSA 29.69 1,560 61,760 .132 

4. Roanoke, VA MSA 29.37 170 61,100 .122 

5. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 29.00 210 60,310 .101 

21-1012 Educational, vocational, and school counselors

Counsel individuals and provide group educational and vocational guidance services.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Social services 68,920 $12.03 $25,010 1 8

2. Federal, State, and local government 18.23 19,190 37,920 2 2 

3. Health services 13,830 14.78 30,750 3 7

4. Educational services 1,850 17.67 36,760 4 3

5. Engineering & management services 17.28 540 35,940 5 4 

1. Insurance agents, brokers, & service 34.25 - 71,240 - 1

2. Federal, State, and local government 19,190 18.23 37,920 2 2

3. Educational services 1,850 17.67 36,760 4 3

4. Engineering & management services 540 17.28 35,940 5 4

5. Insurance carriers 120 17.01 35,370 6 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Washington 8,420 $14.30 $29,740 .326 488 

2. Idaho 1,320 15.49 32,210 .237 240 

3. Connecticut 3,690 16.88 35,110 .222 363 

4. Oklahoma 2,970 8.68 18,060 .205 568 

5. North Dakota 490 11.40 23,720 .157 344 

1. Mississippi 760 25.17 52,340 .070 62

2. Michigan 1,490 19.54 40,650 .034 275 

3. Ohio 3,290 18.64 38,770 .061 253 

4. South Dakota 260 16.92 35,190 .072 160 

5. Connecticut 3,690 16.88 35,110 .222 363 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Tacoma, WA PMSA $14.65 $30,470 .702 1,620

2. Spokane, WA MSA 14.87 1,090 30,930 .582 

3. Yakima, WA MSA 14.19 440 29,520 .582 

4. Cumberland, MD-WV MSA 170 11.20 23,300 .460 

5. Olympia, WA PMSA 14.10 370 29,330 .442 

1. Jackson, MS MSA 29.69 - 61,760 - 

2. Ventura, CA PMSA 23.99 - 49,890 -

3. Detroit, MI PMSA 21.64 460 45,020 .022 

4. Lansing-East Lansing, MI MSA 21.61 120 44,950 .055 

5. Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA MSA 21.18 70 44,050 .026 

21-1015 Rehabilitation counselors

Counsel individuals to maximize the independence and employability of persons coping with personal, 

social, and vocational difficulties that result from birth defects, illness, disease, accidents, or the stress of 

daily life. Coordinate activities for residents of care and treatment facilities. Assess client needs and 

design and implement rehabilitation programs that may include personal and vocational counseling, 

training, and job placement.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Federal, State, and local government $17.78 $36,990 1 112,730 3 

2. Social services 88,240 14.21 29,560 2 9

3. Educational services 34,680 21.38 44,470 3 1

4. Health services 15,930 17.41 36,220 4 4

5. Membership organizations 4,660 12.38 25,750 5 12

1. Educational services 34,680 21.38 44,470 3 1

2. Personal services 20.04 - 41,690 - 2

3. Federal, State, and local government 112,730 17.78 36,990 1 3

4. Health services 15,930 17.41 36,220 4 4

5. Amusement & recreation services 17.04 50 35,440 9 5 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Rhode Island $18.94 $39,390 .485 199 2,270 

2. Kentucky 15.07 7,360 31,350 .426 300 

3. Delaware 17.25 1,640 35,870 .408 214 

4. Maine 2,170 15.69 32,630 .366 257 

5. West Virginia 2,360 11.66 24,260 .343 383 

1. Connecticut 4,630 22.75 47,330 .278 200 

2. New Jersey 22.03 6,970 45,830 .181 256 

3. New York 19.96 22,650 41,510 .270 298 

4. District of Columbia 670 19.89 41,360 .111 210 

5. Hawaii 1,240 19.82 41,220 .232 224 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Springfield, IL MSA $16.69 $34,710 .609 670

2. Bangor, ME MSA 300 14.24 29,620 .523 

3. Jackson, MI MSA 310 17.41 36,210 .515 

4. Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA MSA 19.11 2,630 39,750 .511 

5. Wheeling, WV-OH MSA 13.08 280 27,200 .453 

1. Nashua, NH PMSA 90 29.77 61,920 .097 

2. Bergen-Passaic, NJ PMSA 24.34 1,060 50,630 .168 

3. New London-Norwich, CT-RI MSA 23.47 370 48,820 .272 

4. Bridgeport, CT PMSA 490 23.38 48,630 .262 

5. Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ PMSA 23.22 780 48,300 .124 

21-1021 Child, family, and school social workers

Provide social services and assistance to improve the social and psychological functioning of children 

and their families and to maximize the family well-being and the academic functioning of children. May 

assist single parents, arrange adoptions, and find foster homes for abandoned or abused children. In 

schools, they address such problems as teenage pregnancy, misbehavior, and truancy. May also advise 

teachers on how to deal with problem children.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Health services 63,060 $19.24 $40,030 1 5

2. Federal, State, and local government 18.24 19,180 37,940 2 8 

3. Social services 18,340 14.94 31,080 3 11

4. Engineering & management services 18.25 720 37,950 4 7 

5. Educational services 670 18.81 39,120 5 6

1. Insurance agents, brokers, & service 26.49 - 55,090 - 1

2. Chemicals and allied products 30 23.16 48,180 11 2

3. Insurance carriers 390 21.23 44,150 7 3

4. Business services 220 19.65 40,860 8 4

5. Health services 63,060 19.24 40,030 1 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. South Dakota 740 $15.38 $31,980 .204 195 

2. Alabama 2,740 15.08 31,360 .150 285 

3. Massachusetts 4,580 19.30 40,150 .142 289 

4. Hawaii 610 20.32 42,260 .114 212 

5. Iowa 15.43 1,600 32,100 .113 280 

1. Nevada 400 22.45 46,700 .039 149 

2. California 10,260 21.50 44,710 .071 280 

3. New York 21.06 6,760 43,810 .081 270 

4. Connecticut 1,730 21.00 43,680 .104 244 

5. New Jersey 20.90 3,400 43,470 .088 278 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Barnstable-Yarmouth, MA MSA 160 $20.50 $42,630 .248 

2. Sioux Falls, SD MSA 17.75 260 36,930 .230 

3. Brockton, MA PMSA 220 20.20 42,010 .224 

4. Lowell, MA-NH PMSA 16.34 270 33,990 .217 

5. Bismarck, ND MSA 100 16.02 33,320 .208 

1. Oakland, CA PMSA 720 26.16 54,420 .072 

2. Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA PMSA 25.31 150 52,640 .083 

3. Washington, DC-MD-VA-WV PMSA 24.85 1,580 51,680 .059 

4. Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie, FL MSA 24.62 100 51,200 .098 

5. Danbury, CT PMSA 24.60 - 51,170 - 

21-1022 Medical and public health social workers

Provide persons, families, or vulnerable populations with the psychosocial support needed to cope with 

chronic, acute, or terminal illnesses, such as Alzheimer's, cancer, or AIDS. Services include advising 

family care givers, providing patient education and counseling, and making necessary referrals for other 

social services.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Social services 146,880 $10.68 $22,220 1 12

2. Federal, State, and local government 13.75 81,850 28,600 2 3 

3. Health services 38,810 12.48 25,960 3 5

4. Educational services 6,480 11.40 23,710 4 6

5. Membership organizations 6,460 10.81 22,480 5 10

1. Insurance carriers 70 18.25 37,960 11 1

2. Engineering & management services 790 15.86 32,990 6 2

3. Federal, State, and local government 81,850 13.75 28,600 2 3

4. Real estate 300 13.30 27,660 10 4

5. Health services 38,810 12.48 25,960 3 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Vermont $12.14 $25,250 .726 359 2,140 

2. Maryland 10.92 13,540 22,710 .558 537 

3. Connecticut 8,270 15.78 32,830 .497 400 

4. Wyoming 9.16 1,080 19,060 .453 374 

5. North Dakota 1,400 10.24 21,300 .449 379 

1. District of Columbia 1,560 17.99 37,410 .258 238 

2. Connecticut 8,270 15.78 32,830 .497 400 

3. California 21,640 13.64 28,370 .150 499 

4. Alaska 1,190 13.46 28,000 .426 336 

5. New York 13.23 27,930 27,530 .334 512 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Lewiston-Auburn, ME MSA $11.33 $23,570 .941 430

2. Lynchburg, VA MSA 9.83 830 20,460 .887 

3. Duluth-Superior, MN-WI MSA 9.75 930 20,270 .840 

4. Utica-Rome, NY MSA 1,010 11.84 24,630 .783 

5. Wheeling, WV-OH MSA 8.19 470 17,030 .761 

1. San Jose, CA PMSA 17.13 860 35,640 .090 

2. Hartford, CT MSA 16.79 2,730 34,930 .446 

3. Oakland, CA PMSA 1,050 16.42 34,160 .105 

4. Chico-Paradise, CA MSA 320 16.42 34,160 .445 

5. Danbury, CT PMSA 16.19 150 33,670 .172 

21-1093 Social and human service assistants

Assist professionals from a wide variety of fields, such as psychology, rehabilitation, or social work, to 

provide client services, as well as support for families. May assist clients in identifying available benefits 

and social and community services and help clients obtain them. May assist social workers with 

developing, organizing, and conducting programs to prevent and resolve problems relevant to substance 

abuse, human relationships, rehabilitation, or adult daycare.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Legal services $45.79 $95,250 1 334,140 44 

2. Federal, State, and local government 36.54 100,450 76,000 2 54 

3. Insurance carriers 13,130 43.20 89,850 3 47

4. Engineering & management services 50.76 5,070 105,590 4 29 

5. Business services 3,660 47.66 99,130 5 37

1. Paper and allied products 110 61.96 128,880 39 1

2. Petroleum and coal products 460 60.81 126,480 26 2

3. Instruments and related products 610 59.16 123,050 23 3

4. Metal mining 30 59.11 122,950 53 4

5. Transportation equipment 720 58.85 122,400 22 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. District of Columbia 22,570 $49.41 $102,780 3.733 2

2. New York 48.74 58,590 101,370 .700 11 

3. New Jersey 45.26 19,350 94,150 .503 16 

4. Massachusetts 15,840 45.00 93,610 .490 15

5. Alaska 1,260 41.04 85,370 .451 10

1. California 58,300 50.43 104,900 .404 8

2. District of Columbia 22,570 49.41 102,780 3.733 2

3. Utah 3,210 49.20 102,340 .307 7

4. New York 48.74 58,590 101,370 .700 11 

5. Texas 31,820 48.18 100,220 .345 13

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Washington, DC-MD-VA-WV PMSA $47.48 $98,760 1.191 31,840

2. Tallahassee, FL MSA 42.27 1,830 87,910 1.189 

3. New York, NY PMSA 52.21 42,450 108,600 1.046 

4. Trenton, NJ PMSA 40.60 1,900 84,460 .922 

5. San Francisco, CA PMSA 9,160 54.01 112,340 .918 

1. San Jose, CA PMSA 59.42 4,320 123,600 .454 

2. Ocala, FL MSA 57.76 200 120,140 .245 

3. Anniston, AL MSA 57.33 40 119,250 .089 

4. Danbury, CT PMSA 57.08 270 118,730 .309 

5. Houston, TX PMSA 56.97 10,260 118,490 .497 

23-1011 Lawyers

Represent clients in criminal and civil litigation and other legal proceedings, draw up legal documents, 

and manage or advise clients on legal transactions. May specialize in a single area or may practice 

broadly in many areas of law.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Federal, State, and local government $27.30 $56,780 1 30,520 1 

2.

3.

4.

5.

1. Federal, State, and local government 27.30 30,520 56,780 1 1 

2.

3.

4.

5.

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Virginia 4,540 $31.04 $64,570 .134 69

2. Washington 1,640 23.99 49,900 .064 188 

3. Maryland 21.78 1,430 45,290 .059 187 

4. Alaska 150 26.93 56,010 .054 91

5. West Virginia 300 23.01 47,870 .044 89

1. New Jersey 34.45 440 71,650 .011 55 

2. California 2,320 34.05 70,810 .016 68

3. Michigan 470 32.63 67,880 .011 56

4. Connecticut 270 32.56 67,710 .016 69

5. Virginia 4,540 31.04 64,570 .134 69

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Parkersburg-Marietta, WV-OH MSA $16.66 $34,650 .197 130

2. Washington, DC-MD-VA-WV PMSA 31.99 4,870 66,540 .182 

3. Roanoke, VA MSA 22.99 180 47,820 .129 

4. Baltimore, MD PMSA 1,390 21.61 44,950 .115 

5. Montgomery, AL MSA 24.28 160 50,510 .106 

1. Fresno, CA MSA 44.87 50 93,340 .015 

2. San Jose, CA PMSA 44.50 40 92,560 .004 

3. Sacramento, CA PMSA 42.48 270 88,360 .037 

4. Riverside-San Bernardino, CA PMSA 70 41.88 87,100 .007 

5. Orlando, FL MSA 38.38 40 79,830 .005 

Conduct hearings to decide or recommend decisions on claims concerning government programs or 

other government-related matters and prepare decisions. Determine penalties or the existence and the 

amount of liability, or recommend the acceptance or rejection of claims, or compromise settlements.

Industry

23-1021 Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Legal services $18.24 $37,940 1 134,750 38 

2. Federal, State, and local government 20.07 22,620 41,750 2 29 

3. Business services 5,180 21.35 44,400 3 21

4. Insurance carriers 4,950 21.04 43,760 4 22

5. Engineering & management services 20.31 2,310 42,250 5 28 

1. Communication 640 27.98 58,210 13 1

2. Electronic & other electrical equipment 110 27.27 56,730 28 2

3. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 290 26.65 55,420 19 3

4. Wholesale trade--durable goods 220 25.37 52,770 24 4

5. Railroad transportation 60 23.79 49,480 36 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. District of Columbia 6,010 $18.26 $37,990 .994 236 

2. Delaware 16.59 1,260 34,500 .313 231 

3. West Virginia 1,890 12.62 26,250 .274 346 

4. Florida 18.71 18,090 38,920 .256 238 

5. Connecticut 3,850 20.82 43,310 .231 251 

1. California 20,530 23.55 48,990 .142 237 

2. New York 22.64 16,040 47,090 .192 240 

3. Alaska 410 21.57 44,870 .147 177 

4. New Jersey 20.85 4,280 43,380 .111 279 

5. Connecticut 3,850 20.82 43,310 .231 251 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Fort Lauderdale, FL PMSA $15.25 $31,710 .680 4,630

2. Charleston, WV MSA 13.54 600 28,170 .478 

3. West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL MSA 21.27 2,110 44,230 .417 

4. Shreveport-Bossier City, LA MSA 13.10 650 27,250 .391 

5. Wilmington-Newark, DE-MD PMSA 16.65 1,080 34,640 .353 

1. Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA PMSA 26.12 5,420 54,330 .133 

2. Monmouth-Ocean, NJ PMSA 410 25.89 53,850 .107 

3. San Francisco, CA PMSA 3,100 25.42 52,880 .311 

4. San Jose, CA PMSA 25.14 2,170 52,280 .228 

5. New York, NY PMSA 24.26 11,340 50,450 .280 

23-2011 Paralegals and legal assistants

Assist lawyers by researching legal precedent, investigating facts, or preparing legal documents. 

Conduct research to support a legal proceeding, to formulate a defense, or to initiate legal action.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Federal, State, and local government $16.06 $33,400 1 20,960 6 

2. Legal services 14.85 17,200 30,880 2 12 

3. Insurance carriers 460 15.18 31,560 3 11

4. Nondepository institutions 370 15.55 32,340 4 8

5. Business services 200 15.34 31,900 5 9

1. Membership organizations 70 25.87 53,820 10 1

2. Insurance agents, brokers, & service 18.64 50 38,770 11 2 

3. Engineering & management services 17.72 80 36,850 9 3 

4. Educational services 40 17.19 35,750 12 4

5. Security and commodity brokers 200 16.17 33,630 6 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. District of Columbia 1,510 $18.70 $38,890 .250 230 

2. South Carolina 1,940 10.86 22,590 .111 502 

3. Utah 680 14.01 29,150 .065 354 

4. Hawaii 340 15.97 33,210 .063 311 

5. Louisiana 1,110 14.06 29,250 .060 342 

1. Idaho 160 21.08 43,850 .029 115 

2. Nevada 330 19.74 41,050 .032 226 

3. Rhode Island 19.69 80 40,960 .017 183 

4. New York 19.13 2,060 39,790 .025 319 

5. Minnesota 720 19.11 39,750 .028 289 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Columbia, SC MSA 630 $11.62 $24,170 .223 

2. Philadelphia, PA-NJ PMSA 17.17 2,240 35,720 .096 

3. Washington, DC-MD-VA-WV PMSA 18.01 2,480 37,470 .093 

4. Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR MSA 12.41 270 25,820 .090 

5. Birmingham, AL MSA 10.97 380 22,820 .084 

1. Tallahassee, FL MSA 27.50 100 57,200 .065 

2. Boise City, ID MSA 25.92 80 53,910 .036 

3. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 25.64 - 53,320 - 

4. West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL MSA 23.37 90 48,600 .018 

5. New York, NY PMSA 21.85 1,230 45,440 .030 

23-2092 Law clerks

Assist lawyers or judges by researching or preparing legal documents. May meet with clients or assist 

lawyers and judges in court. 

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Insurance carriers 18,440 $18.19 $37,840 1 5

2. Real estate 15,920 16.08 33,440 2 11

3. Legal services 14.35 3,590 29,840 3 14 

4. Federal, State, and local government 17.24 870 35,860 4 9 

5. Communications 630 26.84 55,820 5 2

1. Oil and gas extraction 500 27.23 56,630 7 1

2. Communications 630 26.84 55,820 5 2

3. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 70 25.10 52,210 14 3

4. General building contractors 70 19.54 40,650 15 4

5. Insurance carriers 18,440 18.19 37,840 1 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Utah 910 $20.63 $42,900 .087 159 

2. Colorado 1,750 15.18 31,580 .081 373 

3. Wyoming 12.54 190 26,080 .080 282 

4. Hawaii 380 17.00 35,360 .071 276 

5. Oregon 20.54 1,090 42,730 .070 224 

1. California 6,300 23.14 48,130 .044 244 

2. New Jersey 20.98 1,400 43,640 .036 276 

3. Utah 910 20.63 42,900 .087 159 

4. Oregon 20.54 1,090 42,730 .070 224 

5. Nevada 560 20.19 42,000 .054 205 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Casper, WY MSA $15.13 $31,460 .123 40

2. Eugene-Springfield, OR MSA 19.45 140 40,450 .103 

3. Pocatello, ID MSA 16.67 30 34,670 .102 

4. Santa Fe, NM MSA 70 14.33 29,800 .097 

5. Salinas, CA MSA 140 21.02 43,730 .092 

1. Reno, NV MSA 120 26.54 55,190 .062 

2. Sacramento, CA PMSA 26.36 640 54,820 .088 

3. San Francisco, CA PMSA 470 25.68 53,420 .047 

4. Oakland, CA PMSA 510 25.45 52,930 .051 

5. Yolo, CA PMSA 25.44 30 52,920 .034 

23-2093 Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers

Search real estate records, examine titles, or summarize pertinent legal or insurance details for a variety 

of purposes. May compile lists of mortgages, contracts, and other instruments pertaining to titles by 

searching public and private records for law firms, real estate agencies, or title insurance companies.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Social services 300,240 $9.25 $19,240 1 10

2. Educational services 55,300 14.17 29,480 2 1

3. Membership organizations 8,560 10.65 22,150 3 4

4. Health services 5,980 10.15 21,110 4 6

5. Federal, State, and local government 12.66 5,080 26,340 5 2 

1. Educational services 55,300 14.17 29,480 2 1

2. Federal, State, and local government 5,080 12.66 26,340 5 2

3. Engineering & management services 260 11.52 23,970 8 3

4. Membership organizations 8,560 10.65 22,150 3 4

5. Amusement & recreation services 810 10.31 21,440 6 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Georgia $9.34 $19,420 .505 599 19,370 

2. Utah 4,840 9.38 19,510 .462 546 

3. New Hampshire 9.35 2,740 19,450 .453 506 

4. Massachusetts 14,030 11.33 23,580 .434 559 

5. Connecticut 7,190 11.12 23,130 .432 552 

1. District of Columbia 1,360 13.59 28,270 .225 316 

2. Vermont 12.17 460 25,310 .156 356 

3. Rhode Island 12.08 1,260 25,130 .269 387 

4. New Jersey 11.84 12,250 24,630 .318 543 

5. Minnesota 6,370 11.68 24,290 .244 552 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Auburn-Opelika, AL MSA $7.07 $14,710 .835 340

2. Manchester, NH PMSA 780 8.89 18,500 .765 

3. Clarksville-Hopkinsville, TN-KY MSA 6.83 490 14,200 .757 

4. Greenville, NC MSA 8.26 430 17,180 .668 

5. Goldsboro, NC MSA 7.22 280 15,020 .661 

1. Hagerstown, MD PMSA 16.55 50 34,430 .079 

2. Yolo, CA PMSA 14.94 150 31,080 .168 

3. Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton, NJ PMSA 14.01 120 29,130 .205 

4. Jersey City, NJ PMSA 13.87 540 28,850 .217 

5. Yakima, WA MSA 13.75 140 28,600 .185 

25-2011 Preschool teachers, except special education

Instruct children (normally up to 5 years of age) in activities designed to promote social, physical, and 

intellectual growth needed for primary school in preschool, day care center, or other child development 

facility. May be required to hold State certification.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Educational services 1,437,860 - $43,350 1 1

2. Social services 6,570 - 29,790 2 7

3. Membership organizations 2,420 - 31,450 3 5

4. Health services 380 - 37,840 4 4

5. Business services 200 - 39,090 5 3

1. Educational services 1,437,860 - 43,350 1 1

2. Amusement & recreation services - 70 39,810 7 2

3. Business services 200 - 39,090 5 3

4. Health services 380 - 37,840 4 4

5. Membership organizations 2,420 - 31,450 3 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. North Dakota 5,780 - $32,610 1.853 195 

2. Idaho 9,490 - 39,580 1.701 151 

3. Louisiana 29,370 - 33,670 1.590 276 

4. Alaska 4,340 - 48,990 1.552 151 

5. Vermont - 4,390 1.489 189 38,970 

1. New York - 101,780 1.215 136 59,220 

2. Delaware - 4,120 1.025 96 52,760 

3. Connecticut 19,110 - 51,620 1.148 168 

4. New Jersey - 55,550 1.443 219 49,400 

5. Pennsylvania - 66,820 1.206 147 49,370 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX MSA - $38,590 2.527 4,200

2. Bakersfield, CA MSA - 5,600 2.419 49,250

3. Redding, CA MSA 1,460 - 41,490 2.296 

4. Newburgh, NY-PA PMSA - 2,910 2.252 53,400

5. Dover, DE MSA - 1,140 2.190 51,370

1. Nassau-Suffolk, NY PMSA - 14,920 1.260 60,180

2. Dutchess County, NY PMSA 1,770 - 59,940 1.605 

3. Jersey City, NJ PMSA - 2,920 1.172 55,650

4. Bergen-Passaic, NJ PMSA - 9,780 1.549 55,180

5. Bridgeport, CT PMSA 2,490 - 53,450 1.331 

25-2021 Elementary school teachers, except special education

Teach pupils in public or private schools at the elementary level basic academic, social, and other 

formative skills. 

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Educational services 569,410 - $43,550 1 1 

2. Social services 330 - 36,440 2 2

3. Membership organizations 130 - 29,660 3 4

4. Engineering & management services - 110 30,710 4 3

5.

1. Educational services 569,410 - 43,550 1 1

2. Social services 330 - 36,440 2 2

3. Engineering & management services 110 - 4 30,710 3 

4. Membership organizations 130 - 29,660 3 4

5.

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Iowa - $35,000 .827 239 11,730 

2. Maine 4,160 - 38,130 .702 190 

3. Vermont - 2,040 .692 164 41,220 

4. New Hampshire - 4,160 .688 178 38,390 

5. Texas 61,690 - 39,870 .668 239 

1. New York - 43,970 .525 134 59,420 

2. Connecticut 9,630 - 53,460 .578 151 

3. New Jersey - 19,580 .509 198 51,460 

4. California 46,900 - 49,590 .325 225 

5. Pennsylvania - 23,530 .425 151 49,070 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Goldsboro, NC MSA - $35,830 1.701 720

2. Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX MSA - 1,570 1.434 40,350

3. Provo-Orem, UT MSA - 1,930 1.350 37,930

4. Killeen-Temple, TX MSA - 1,150 1.159 43,230

5. Laredo, TX MSA - 790 41,100 1.116 

1. Nassau-Suffolk, NY PMSA - 5,110 .431 61,530

2. Bergen-Passaic, NJ PMSA - 2,940 .466 58,860

3. Champaign-Urbana, IL MSA - - - 57,910

4. Waterbury, CT PMSA - 580 56,660 .678 

5. Danbury, CT PMSA - 610 55,600 .699 

Teach students in public or private schools in one or more subjects at the middle, intermediate, or junior 

high level, which falls between elementary and senior high school as defined by applicable State laws 

and regulations. 

Industry

25-2022 Middle school teachers, except special and vocational education

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Educational services 976,410 - $45,390 1 1 

2. Social services 620 - 33,970 2 4

3. Membership organizations 300 - 34,800 3 3

4. Engineering & management services - 240 41,440 4 2

5. Health services 60 - 32,950 5 5

1. Educational services 976,410 - 45,390 1 1

2. Engineering & management services 240 - 4 41,440 2 

3. Membership organizations 300 - 34,800 3 3

4. Social services 620 - 33,970 2 4

5. Health services 60 - 32,950 5 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Idaho 8,900 - $37,590 1.595 172 

2. Maine 7,590 - 39,080 1.280 175 

3. Illinois - 68,070 1.161 127 52,070 

4. North Dakota 3,200 - 31,710 1.026 211 

5. Montana 3,920 - 30,340 1.022 249 

1. New York - 80,970 .967 142 58,780 

2. New Jersey - 31,660 .823 167 55,240 

3. Delaware - 1,920 .478 84 54,900 

4. Connecticut 14,450 - 52,560 .868 160 

5. California 90,640 - 52,330 .627 195 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Newburgh, NY-PA PMSA - $52,450 2.407 3,110

2. McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX MSA - 3,130 1.883 40,890

3. Binghamton, NY MSA 1,930 - 43,470 1.744 

4. Glens Falls, NY MSA - 860 48,040 1.736 

5. Sharon, PA MSA - 860 43,340 1.688 

1. Nassau-Suffolk, NY PMSA - 15,030 1.269 61,490

2. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA - 1,490 .717 60,590

3. Newark, NJ PMSA - 8,610 .894 59,740

4. Atlantic-Cape May, NJ PMSA 820 - 59,670 .453 

5. San Jose, CA PMSA - 4,500 .473 58,400

Instruct students in secondary public or private schools in one or more subjects at the secondary level, 

such as English, mathematics, or social studies. May be designated according to subject matter specialty, 

such as typing instructors, commercial teachers, or English teachers. 

Industry

25-2031 Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational 

education

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Educational services 1,004,630 - $19,670 1 3

2. Social services 120,530 - 17,140 2 9

3. Membership organizations 16,740 - 16,810 3 12

4. Health services 6,030 - 19,630 4 4

5. Business services 950 - 19,690 5 2

1. Museums, botanical, zoological garden 230 - 21,140 8 1

2. Business services 950 - 19,690 5 2

3. Educational services 1,004,630 - 19,670 1 3

4. Health services 6,030 - 19,630 4 4

5. Engineering & management services - - - 19,600 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Vermont - $18,750 1.794 459 5,290 

2. Alaska 4,460 - 27,940 1.595 337 

3. New York - 129,930 1.552 602 22,780 

4. Connecticut 23,400 - 22,770 1.406 557 

5. Maine 7,770 - 22,330 1.310 456 

1. District of Columbia 4,000 - 28,140 .662 317 

2. Alaska 4,460 - 27,940 1.595 337 

3. Nevada 3,630 - 24,350 .351 447 

4. New York - 129,930 1.552 602 22,780 

5. Connecticut 23,400 - 22,770 1.406 557 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Redding, CA MSA 1,710 - $19,930 2.689 

2. Laredo, TX MSA - 1,500 2.120 16,960

3. Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX MSA - 2,210 2.019 14,690

4. Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA MSA - 2,450 2.004 22,750

5. Corvallis, OR MSA - 680 24,380 1.980 

1. Galveston-Texas City, TX PMSA - 1,100 1.270 36,070

2. State College, PA MSA - 1,020 1.650 29,520

3. Anchorage, AK MSA - 1,580 1.194 26,700

4. New York, NY PMSA - 67,480 1.663 26,320

5. Waterbury, CT PMSA - 1,550 1.813 26,310

25-9041 Teacher assistants

Perform duties that are instructional in nature or deliver direct services to students or parents. Serve in a 

position for which a teacher or another professional has ultimate responsibility for the design and 

implementation of educational programs and services.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Miscellaneous retail $9.55 $19,870 1 50,700 13 

2. Food stores 10.42 8,290 21,680 2 9 

3. Wholesale trade--nondurable goods 9.94 3,970 20,670 3 11 

4. General merchandise stores 8.99 1,760 18,710 4 15 

5. Business services 1,480 15.07 31,340 5 3

1. Services, nec 21.89 - 45,530 - 1

2. Federal, State, and local government 16.83 40 35,000 13 2 

3. Business services 1,480 15.07 31,340 5 3

4. Hotels and other lodging places 210 12.61 26,230 11 4

5. Eating and drinking places 250 11.71 24,350 9 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. North Dakota 480 $8.01 $16,660 .154 454 

2. South Dakota 380 7.57 15,750 .105 480 

3. Idaho 530 7.87 16,380 .095 497 

4. Montana 340 7.67 15,960 .089 494 

5. West Virginia 590 7.76 16,150 .086 541 

1. District of Columbia 13.41 - 27,890 - 319

2. New York 12.99 3,950 27,020 .047 524 

3. New Jersey 12.29 1,950 25,570 .051 526 

4. Massachusetts 1,300 12.04 25,040 .040 536 

5. Connecticut 910 11.87 24,690 .055 529 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Florence, SC MSA $7.16 $14,900 .20 120

2. Enid, OK MSA 40 6.88 14,300 .187 

3. Sumter, SC MSA 70 10.96 22,790 .183 

4. Spokane, WA MSA 9.06 340 18,840 .181 

5. Steubenville-Weirton, OH-WV MSA 8.15 80 16,960 .169 

1. Atlantic-Cape May, NJ PMSA 240 20.81 43,290 .132 

2. New York, NY PMSA 17.52 - 36,440 - 

3. Nassau-Suffolk, NY PMSA 15.89 670 33,040 .057 

4. San Francisco, CA PMSA 15.69 - 32,630 -

5. Newark, NJ PMSA 14.86 200 30,900 .021 

27-1023 Floral designers

Design, cut, and arrange live, dried, or artificial flowers and foliage.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Business services 55,330 $21.04 $43,770 1 9

2. Printing and publishing 33,880 16.23 33,760 2 50

3. Engineering & management services 20.02 10,370 41,650 3 17 

4. Wholesale trade--nondurable goods 18.38 3,540 38,220 4 33 

5. Educational services 2,900 17.77 36,970 5 37

1. Transportation equipment 1,560 24.09 50,100 10 1

2. Services, nec 300 22.95 47,730 33 2

3. Legal services 130 22.60 47,000 46 3

4. Security and commodity brokers 470 22.14 46,060 22 4

5. Oil and gas extraction 100 21.84 45,430 51 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. District of Columbia 1,090 $20.82 $43,300 .180 196 

2. Vermont 16.30 530 33,910 .180 222 

3. Connecticut 2,660 20.56 42,770 .160 254 

4. New York 23.19 11,660 48,240 .139 225 

5. Washington 3,600 20.98 43,640 .139 269 

1. Massachusetts 4,350 25.20 52,420 .135 157 

2. New York 23.19 11,660 48,240 .139 225 

3. California 17,910 21.56 44,840 .124 276 

4. Washington 3,600 20.98 43,640 .139 269 

5. District of Columbia 1,090 20.82 43,300 .180 196 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL MSA $18.40 $38,270 .464 2,350

2. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 23.31 790 48,490 .380 

3. Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah, WI MSA 19.81 480 41,200 .248 

4. Lawrence, KS MSA 13.70 110 28,490 .234 

5. Burlington, VT MSA 250 16.82 34,980 .231 

1. San Jose, CA PMSA 29.15 1,100 60,640 .116 

2. Boston, MA-NH PMSA 28.14 3,040 58,530 .154 

3. New York, NY PMSA 26.47 7,320 55,050 .180 

4. San Francisco, CA PMSA 1,820 25.54 53,120 .182 

5. Santa Rosa, CA PMSA 280 25.03 52,060 .146 

27-1024 Graphic designers

Design or create graphics to meet specific commercial or promotional needs, such as packaging, 

displays, or logos. May use a variety of mediums to achieve artistic or decorative effects.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Motion pictures 64,070 - $41,560 1 3

2. Amusement & recreation services - 21,960 2 25,210 11 

3. Business services 1,060 - 20,300 3 12

4. Educational services 650 - 33,180 4 4

5. Museums, botanical, zoological garden 610 - 29,400 5 6

1. Communications 260 - 54,710 6 1

2. Social services 120 - 44,900 8 2

3. Motion pictures 64,070 - 41,560 1 3

4. Educational services 650 - 33,180 4 4

5. Engineering & management services - - - 31,150 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. New York - $27,650 .369 510 30,880 

2. California 35,670 - 52,050 .247 202 

3. South Dakota 240 - 19,540 .066 411 

4. Florida - 3,600 .051 457 25,840 

5. Minnesota 790 - 36,140 .030 343 

1. California 35,670 - 52,050 .247 202 

2. Tennessee - - - 44,720 140 

3. Washington 340 - 44,450 .013 258 

4. Arizona - - - 42,630 162 

5. Colorado - - 42,360 - 218

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA PMSA - $53,070 .798 32,500

2. New York, NY PMSA - 26,480 .653 27,680

3. Nassau-Suffolk, NY PMSA - 590 42,180 .050 

4. Richmond-Petersburg, VA MSA - 240 31,750 .045 

5. Sarasota-Bradenton, FL MSA - 110 23,740 .039 

1. Dallas, TX PMSA - - - 75,270

2. San Francisco, CA PMSA - - 60,680 - 

3. Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA PMSA - 32,500 .798 53,070

4. Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA PMSA - 280 49,100 .021 

5. Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc, CA MSA - - 46,340 -

27-2011 Actors

Play parts in stage, television, radio, video, or motion picture productions for entertainment, 

information, or instruction. Interpret serious or comic role by speech, gesture, and body movement to 

entertain or inform audience. May dance and sing.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Engineering & management services $24.54 $51,030 1 23,740 17 

2. Federal, State, and local government 23.63 15,610 49,150 2 20 

3. Membership organizations 12,800 19.48 40,510 3 45

4. Educational services 12,430 18.65 38,800 4 49

5. Business services 10,200 22.68 47,180 5 25

1. Electronic & other electrical equipment 32.25 860 67,080 20 1 

2. Petroleum and coal products 160 31.40 65,320 47 2

3. Oil and gas extraction 240 30.91 64,290 42 3

4. Rubber and misc. plastics products 90 28.93 60,170 55 4

5. Instruments and related products 750 28.84 59,980 23 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. District of Columbia 3,260 $26.25 $54,600 .539 119 

2. Vermont 20.66 870 42,980 .295 144 

3. Washington 4,680 25.65 53,350 .181 154 

4. Wisconsin 4,520 16.39 34,080 .168 316 

5. South Dakota 600 15.49 32,210 .166 191 

1. District of Columbia 3,260 26.25 54,600 .539 119 

2. California 15,920 26.12 54,340 .110 181 

3. Washington 4,680 25.65 53,350 .181 154 

4. New York 25.34 13,440 52,710 .160 184 

5. Maryland 24.03 1,910 49,990 .079 147 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Springfield, IL MSA $19.57 $40,700 .382 420

2. Tallahassee, FL MSA 22.93 570 47,690 .370 

3. Olympia, WA PMSA 26.01 280 54,090 .335 

4. Burlington, VT MSA 360 19.81 41,210 .333 

5. Madison, WI MSA 20.07 820 41,750 .302 

1. San Francisco, CA PMSA 2,180 33.89 70,500 .219 

2. San Jose, CA PMSA 33.02 1,430 68,690 .150 

3. Fort Collins-Loveland, CO MSA 31.35 180 65,210 .150 

4. Sacramento, CA PMSA 29.04 1,650 60,400 .228 

5. Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA PMSA 27.85 2,890 57,940 .217 

27-3031 Public relations specialists

Engage in promoting or creating good will for individuals, groups, or organizations by writing or 

selecting favorable publicity material and releasing it through various communications media. May 

prepare and arrange displays, and make speeches.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Printing and publishing 65,490 $21.43 $44,570 1 25

2. Business services 10,360 23.75 49,390 2 12

3. Engineering & management services 21.97 5,580 45,690 3 21 

4. Membership organizations 5,250 21.39 44,490 4 26

5. Communications 5,190 19.69 40,960 5 30

1. Depository institutions 100 28.22 58,690 24 1

2. Security and commodity brokers 300 26.72 55,570 15 2

3. Nondepository institutions 50 26.58 55,300 30 3

4. Wholesale trade--nondurable goods 870 26.38 54,870 9 4

5. Transportation equipment 480 26.30 54,710 13 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. District of Columbia 3,180 $24.13 $50,200 .526 149 

2. New York 24.27 16,230 50,480 .194 204 

3. Massachusetts 4,620 23.89 49,690 .143 179 

4. Connecticut 1,880 24.96 51,910 .113 167 

5. Virginia 3,740 23.35 48,560 .110 162 

1. Connecticut 1,880 24.96 51,910 .113 167 

2. Hawaii 250 24.61 51,200 .047 125 

3. New York 24.27 16,230 50,480 .194 204 

4. District of Columbia 3,180 24.13 50,200 .526 149 

5. Washington 2,050 23.98 49,880 .079 189 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Charlottesville, VA MSA $17.44 $36,270 .641 540

2. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 26.15 660 54,390 .318 

3. Boulder-Longmont, CO PMSA 15.57 570 32,380 .315 

4. New York, NY PMSA 25.84 12,210 53,760 .301 

5. Bloomington, IN MSA 17.13 180 35,640 .298 

1. San Jose, CA PMSA 30.79 810 64,050 .085 

2. Rochester, MN MSA 29.81 - 62,010 -

3. Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, MI MSA 27.20 70 56,570 .035 

4. Jersey City, NJ PMSA 26.36 380 54,840 .153 

5. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 26.15 660 54,390 .318 

27-3041 Editors

Perform variety of editorial duties, such as laying out, indexing, and revising content of written 

materials, in preparation for final publication. Include technical editors.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Miscellaneous retail $35.16 $73,130 1 98,160 6 

2. Health services 57,750 34.70 72,180 2 7

3. General merchandise stores 35.76 26,780 74,370 3 3 

4. Food stores 35.64 21,470 74,130 4 5 

5. Federal, State, and local government 33.56 7,120 69,800 5 10 

1. Holding and other investment offices 38.71 - 80,510 - 1

2. Insurance agents, brokers, & service 37.49 70 77,990 13 2 

3. General merchandise stores 26,780 35.76 74,370 3 3

4. Wholesale trade--durable goods 340 35.74 74,350 11 4

5. Food stores 21,470 35.64 74,130 4 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Maryland $34.62 $72,010 .263 40 6,390 

2. West Virginia 1,700 35.76 74,390 .247 11

3. Louisiana 4,140 31.80 66,150 .224 28

4. Nebraska 1,970 30.00 62,400 .224 37

5. Montana 850 30.09 62,600 .222 21

1. California 21,490 40.08 83,370 .149 29

2. Delaware 37.85 510 78,720 .127 19 

3. Wisconsin 4,080 37.75 78,510 .152 14

4. Nevada 1,470 37.38 77,740 .142 14

5. Florida 37.34 13,250 77,670 .188 24 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Iowa City, IA MSA $31.13 $64,760 .417 270

2. Baltimore, MD PMSA 4,160 33.68 70,060 .344 

3. Medford-Ashland, OR MSA 230 37.44 77,870 .320 

4. Punta Gorda, FL MSA 38.42 120 79,920 .315 

5. Alexandria, LA MSA 30.71 170 63,880 .313 

1. Redding, CA MSA 160 44.97 93,550 .252 

2. Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA MSA 44.67 160 92,910 .131 

3. Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc, CA MSA 240 42.12 87,610 .148 

4. Chico-Paradise, CA MSA 180 41.81 86,960 .250 

5. Fresno, CA MSA 41.77 570 86,880 .170 

29-1051 Pharmacists

Dispense drugs prescribed by physicians and other health practitioners and provide information to 

patients about medications and their use. May advise physicians and other health practitioners on the 

selection, dosage, interactions, and side effects of medications.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Health services 1,844,930 $23.26 $48,370 1 17

2. Federal, State, and local government 24.07 135,770 50,060 2 11 

3. Business services 80,860 24.23 50,410 3 9

4. Educational services 74,400 20.53 42,700 4 30

5. Social services 32,980 20.01 41,620 5 34

1. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 110 27.16 56,500 29 1

2. Services, nec 26.77 - 55,690 - 2

3. Legal services 190 26.15 54,390 25 3

4. Petroleum and coal products 50 26.10 54,280 35 4

5. Wholesale trade--durable goods 770 25.11 52,230 12 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Rhode Island $24.30 $50,550 2.452 114 11,480 

2. West Virginia 15,970 19.53 40,620 2.318 146 

3. South Dakota 8,350 19.05 39,630 2.307 121 

4. Massachusetts 74,200 25.26 52,550 2.297 156 

5. Maine 12,180 21.67 45,080 2.054 114 

1. California 201,070 27.85 57,940 1.392 152 

2. Maryland 27.29 44,790 56,770 1.844 104 

3. Hawaii 8,120 27.10 56,370 1.516 74

4. Alaska 4,700 26.26 54,620 1.681 98

5. New Jersey 25.90 70,560 53,870 1.834 176 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Punta Gorda, FL MSA $22.55 $46,900 3.697 1,410

2. Jackson, TN MSA 1,940 18.65 38,790 3.654 

3. Sarasota-Bradenton, FL MSA 21.02 10,040 43,730 3.602 

4. Columbia, MO MSA 2,290 20.44 42,510 3.443 

5. Gainesville, FL MSA 22.22 3,980 46,220 3.350 

1. Oakland, CA PMSA 14,490 34.40 71,560 1.451 

2. San Francisco, CA PMSA 11,540 31.92 66,390 1.157 

3. San Jose, CA PMSA 31.61 11,420 65,750 1.201 

4. New York, NY PMSA 29.30 77,740 60,940 1.916 

5. Salinas, CA MSA 2,050 29.16 60,660 1.348 

29-1111 Registered nurses

Assess patient health problems and needs, develop and implement nursing care plans, and maintain 

medical records. Administer nursing care to ill, injured, convalescent, or disabled patients. May advise 

patients on health maintenance and disease prevention or provide case management. Licensing or 

registration required. Include advance practice nurses such as: nurse practitioners, clinical nurse 

specialists, certified nurse midwives, and certified registered nurse anesthetists. Advanced practice 

nursing is practiced by RNs who have specialized formal, post-basic education and who function in 

highly autonomous and specialized roles.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Local and interurban passenger transit 73,830 $11.04 $22,960 1 17

2. Federal, State, and local government 13.62 51,360 28,330 2 6 

3. Health services 40,540 12.49 25,980 3 12

4. Amusement & recreation services 11.99 910 24,940 4 14 

5. Transportation by air 15.60 890 32,450 5 3 

1. Chemicals and allied products 22.94 - 47,720 - 1

2. Paper and allied products 30 19.05 39,630 15 2

3. Transportation by air 890 15.60 32,450 5 3

4. Transportation equipment 50 14.11 29,350 14 4

5. Educational services 330 13.90 28,910 8 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. West Virginia 1,840 $9.01 $18,730 .267 501 

2. Pennsylvania 11.35 14,350 23,610 .259 568 

3. North Dakota 770 8.87 18,450 .247 427 

4. Missouri 5,850 11.54 24,000 .221 508 

5. Wisconsin 5,750 11.00 22,870 .214 540 

1. District of Columbia 660 19.15 39,840 .109 223 

2. Washington 2,200 16.80 34,940 .085 395 

3. Alaska 290 15.54 32,330 .104 286 

4. Oregon 15.36 1,120 31,940 .072 383 

5. New York 14.41 10,220 29,970 .122 470 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Johnstown, PA MSA $8.46 $17,600 .663 560

2. Benton Harbor, MI MSA 11.58 240 24,080 .383 

3. Daytona Beach, FL MSA 11.32 560 23,550 .361 

4. Youngstown-Warren, OH MSA 10.01 770 20,820 .333 

5. Altoona, PA MSA 8.69 180 18,070 .310 

1. Bremerton, WA PMSA 24.96 140 51,930 .195 

2. San Francisco, CA PMSA 22.22 - 46,210 - 

3. Salinas, CA MSA 20.84 - 43,350 - 

4. Olympia, WA PMSA 20.38 100 42,400 .119 

5. Tacoma, WA PMSA 18.81 180 39,110 .078 

29-2041 Emergency medical technicians and paramedics

Assess injuries, administer emergency medical care, and extricate trapped individuals. Transport injured 

or sick persons to medical facilities.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Miscellaneous retail $9.89 $20,570 1 105,340 12 

2. Health services 53,800 12.50 26,010 2 5

3. General merchandise stores 9.65 16,660 20,060 3 13 

4. Food stores 10.95 15,760 22,780 4 11 

5. Wholesale trade--nondurable goods 11.25 6,930 23,400 5 10 

1. Chemicals and allied products 400 17.11 35,600 11 1

2. Federal, State, and local government 5,000 13.80 28,710 6 2

3. Business services 1,100 12.83 26,690 7 3

4. Insurance carriers 480 12.80 26,630 9 4

5. Health services 53,800 12.50 26,010 2 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. West Virginia 1,700 $9.24 $19,210 .247 487 

2. Rhode Island 9.88 1,060 20,550 .226 464 

3. Alabama 3,990 8.62 17,930 .218 578 

4. Minnesota 5,660 12.53 26,060 .217 519 

5. Maryland 10.89 5,180 22,640 .213 538 

1. California 17,960 14.81 30,810 .124 465 

2. Alaska 310 13.94 29,000 .111 325 

3. Washington 3,900 13.54 28,160 .151 516 

4. Oregon 13.00 2,200 27,050 .141 472 

5. Colorado 2,310 12.71 26,430 .107 481 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Cumberland, MD-WV MSA 140 $9.34 $19,430 .379 

2. Columbia, MO MSA 240 9.61 19,990 .361 

3. Florence, AL MSA 10.73 180 22,310 .358 

4. Punta Gorda, FL MSA 9.66 130 20,090 .341 

5. Iowa City, IA MSA 11.76 220 24,460 .339 

1. San Francisco, CA PMSA 680 16.67 34,680 .068 

2. Oakland, CA PMSA 1,440 15.96 33,190 .144 

3. San Jose, CA PMSA 15.60 940 32,440 .099 

4. Santa Rosa, CA PMSA 290 15.46 32,150 .152 

5. Bakersfield, CA MSA 15.03 290 31,260 .125 

29-2052 Pharmacy technicians

Prepare medications under the direction of a pharmacist. May measure, mix, count out, label, and record 

amounts and dosages of medications.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Health services 554,700 $14.92 $31,040 1 13

2. Federal, State, and local government 15.22 43,140 31,660 2 12 

3. Business services 38,550 18.20 37,860 3 5

4. Social services 24,170 14.73 30,650 4 15

5. Educational services 15,010 15.27 31,760 5 11

1. Amusement & recreation services 22.58 80 46,960 15 1 

2. Industrial machinery and equipment 40 20.80 43,270 18 2

3. Insurance carriers 1,270 18.87 39,260 8 3

4. Holding and other investment offices 18.24 - 37,950 - 4

5. Business services 38,550 18.20 37,860 3 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Arkansas $12.19 $25,360 1.092 340 12,240 

2. West Virginia 6,890 11.78 24,500 1.000 376 

3. Louisiana 16,430 12.64 26,290 .889 409 

4. North Dakota 2,710 12.76 26,540 .869 286 

5. Oklahoma 12,540 12.56 26,130 .865 390 

1. Connecticut 7,030 20.53 42,690 .422 258 

2. Rhode Island 19.15 1,980 39,820 .423 193 

3. District of Columbia 1,540 18.48 38,450 .255 233 

4. New Jersey 18.48 18,250 38,440 .474 339 

5. Massachusetts 17,280 18.47 38,420 .535 318 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Punta Gorda, FL MSA $14.39 $29,930 2.229 850

2. Wheeling, WV-OH MSA 11.32 970 23,540 1.571 

3. Alexandria, LA MSA 12.22 850 25,420 1.564 

4. Pine Bluff, AR MSA 11.65 520 24,220 1.515 

5. Abilene, TX MSA 13.83 730 28,770 1.362 

1. Bridgeport, CT PMSA 820 21.34 44,380 .438 

2. Oakland, CA PMSA 3,840 21.12 43,930 .385 

3. San Francisco, CA PMSA 2,380 20.73 43,130 .239 

4. Hartford, CT MSA 20.72 2,690 43,100 .439 

5. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 20.60 610 42,860 .294 

29-2061 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses

Care for ill, injured, convalescent, or disabled persons in hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, private 

homes, group homes, and similar institutions. May work under the supervision of a registered nurse. 

Licensing required.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Health services 259,430 $8.62 $17,940 1 10

2. Social services 225,160 8.49 17,660 2 11

3. Federal, State, and local government 13.33 34,110 27,740 3 1 

4. Business services 33,890 9.28 19,310 4 5

5. Engineering & management services 8.71 3,510 18,110 5 8 

1. Federal, State, and local government 13.33 34,110 27,740 3 1 

2. Holding and other investment offices 220 11.98 24,910 11 2

3. Depository institutions 11.54 - 23,990 - 3

4. Membership organizations 410 11.49 23,900 8 4

5. Business services 33,890 9.28 19,310 4 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. New York $9.04 $18,810 1.306 653 109,330 

2. Minnesota 19,930 9.62 20,020 .763 613 

3. Maine 4,230 8.94 18,590 .713 523 

4. West Virginia 4,290 6.72 13,970 .623 568 

5. Texas 56,710 8.48 17,640 .614 648 

1. Alaska 850 11.66 24,250 .304 376 

2. Connecticut 8,290 11.53 23,990 .498 539 

3. Rhode Island 11.27 2,540 23,450 .543 412 

4. Colorado 6,790 11.26 23,420 .314 541 

5. Massachusetts 13,990 10.52 21,890 .433 585 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Laredo, TX MSA $6.31 $13,120 2.727 1,930

2. Muncie, IN MSA 8.75 1,060 18,190 1.968 

3. Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX MSA 7.20 1,870 14,970 1.708 

4. McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX MSA 6.25 2,660 13,000 1.601 

5. Dutchess County, NY PMSA 1,700 11.82 24,590 1.541 

1. Denver, CO PMSA 12.65 3,010 26,320 .262 

2. New London-Norwich, CT-RI MSA 12.49 470 25,990 .346 

3. Austin-San Marcos, TX MSA 1,900 12.34 25,670 .289 

4. Hartford, CT MSA 12.10 2,520 25,170 .411 

5. Oakland, CA PMSA 2,050 11.97 24,900 .205 

31-1011 Home health aides

Provide routine, personal healthcare, such as bathing, dressing, or grooming, to elderly, convalescent, 

or disabled persons in the home of patients or in a residential care facility.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Health services 1,093,380 $9.48 $19,710 1 7

2. Federal, State, and local government 10.77 73,200 22,400 2 1 

3. Social services 65,900 8.61 17,900 3 11

4. Business services 50,340 10.42 21,680 4 3

5. Educational services 12,710 9.54 19,840 5 6

1. Federal, State, and local government 10.77 73,200 22,400 2 1 

2. Agricultural services 10.44 - 21,720 - 2

3. Business services 50,340 10.42 21,680 4 3

4. Engineering & management services 4,520 9.97 20,730 6 4

5. Membership organizations 1,410 9.74 20,270 8 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. North Dakota 5,760 $8.44 $17,550 1.847 443 

2. Rhode Island 10.64 7,850 22,140 1.677 441 

3. South Dakota 6,030 8.60 17,900 1.666 444 

4. Maine 9,170 9.37 19,480 1.546 509 

5. Oklahoma 22,150 7.80 16,220 1.528 600 

1. Alaska 1,280 13.06 27,170 .458 346 

2. Connecticut 23,300 12.37 25,730 1.40 514 

3. New York 11.95 89,270 24,850 1.066 561 

4. Massachusetts 40,680 11.36 23,630 1.259 557 

5. Hawaii 3,280 11.04 22,970 .612 452 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Alexandria, LA MSA $7.27 $15,120 2.834 1,540

2. Eau Claire, WI MSA 9.85 1,960 20,480 2.645 

3. Texarkana, TX-Texarkana, AR MSA 7.99 1,310 16,610 2.586 

4. Enid, OK MSA 530 7.53 15,650 2.474 

5. Punta Gorda, FL MSA 9.20 880 19,140 2.307 

1. Nassau-Suffolk, NY PMSA 13.96 11,300 29,050 .954 

2. New York, NY PMSA 13.05 45,060 27,140 1.111 

3. Waterbury, CT PMSA 12.64 1,430 26,280 1.672 

4. Hartford, CT MSA 12.59 9,150 26,180 1.494 

5. Oakland, CA PMSA 8,390 12.53 26,070 .840 

31-1012 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants

Provide basic patient care under direction of nursing staff. Perform duties, such as feed, bathe, dress, 

groom, or move patients, or change linens. 

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Health services 258,230 $13.29 $27,640 1 5

2. Federal, State, and local government 13.33 4,450 27,730 2 4 

3. Business services 2,180 14.21 29,550 3 1

4. Educational services 1,710 12.68 26,370 4 6

5. Engineering & management services 13.90 730 28,920 5 2 

1. Business services 2,180 14.21 29,550 3 1

2. Engineering & management services 730 13.90 28,920 5 2

3. Membership organizations 50 13.42 27,900 8 3

4. Federal, State, and local government 4,450 13.33 27,730 2 4

5. Health services 258,230 13.29 27,640 1 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Washington 9,060 $15.59 $32,420 .351 449 

2. Oregon 14.07 5,450 29,270 .350 422 

3. Utah 3,340 9.75 20,270 .319 528 

4. Illinois 10.23 16,530 21,280 .282 619 

5. California 40,100 15.58 32,400 .278 440 

1. District of Columbia 490 18.54 38,570 .081 232 

2. Colorado 5,790 17.04 35,450 .268 309 

3. Connecticut 3,440 15.79 32,850 .207 399 

4. Washington 9,060 15.59 32,420 .351 449 

5. Nevada 1,650 15.58 32,410 .159 340 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc, CA MSA 910 $16.92 $35,190 .561 

2. Jonesboro, AR MSA 9.37 200 19,480 .504 

3. Salinas, CA MSA 740 14.66 30,480 .486 

4. Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA PMSA 14.40 860 29,960 .474 

5. Yakima, WA MSA 12.57 350 26,130 .463 

1. Boulder-Longmont, CO PMSA 23.10 400 48,060 .221 

2. Santa Rosa, CA PMSA 710 18.73 38,950 .371 

3. San Jose, CA PMSA 18.43 2,260 38,330 .238 

4. Barnstable-Yarmouth, MA MSA 160 18.30 38,070 .248 

5. Iowa City, IA MSA 18.14 190 37,730 .293 

31-9091 Dental assistants

Assist dentist, set up patient and equipment, and keep records.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Health services 319,640 $11.67 $24,270 1 6

2. Federal, State, and local government 13.63 7,050 28,360 2 1 

3. Business services 5,490 11.18 23,260 3 8

4. Educational services 4,670 12.90 26,840 4 2

5. Engineering & management services 12.44 4,290 25,880 5 3 

1. Federal, State, and local government 13.63 7,050 28,360 2 1 

2. Educational services 4,670 12.90 26,840 4 2

3. Engineering & management services 4,290 12.44 25,880 5 3

4. Membership organizations 80 11.94 24,830 11 4

5. Insurance carriers 630 11.68 24,300 7 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Hawaii $12.36 $25,710 .711 408 3,810 

2. Arizona 10.95 9,970 22,780 .447 467 

3. Florida 11.23 28,350 23,350 .402 519 

4. California 50,690 12.76 26,550 .351 528 

5. Washington 8,820 12.77 26,550 .342 546 

1. District of Columbia 1,500 15.26 31,730 .248 287 

2. Alaska 380 14.93 31,040 .136 301 

3. Connecticut 4,130 13.89 28,890 .248 463 

4. Massachusetts 5,830 13.29 27,640 .180 501 

5. Vermont 13.14 490 27,340 .166 312 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Modesto, CA MSA $13.50 $28,070 .895 1,380

2. Fort Myers-Cape Coral, FL MSA 11.12 1,360 23,140 .784 

3. McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX MSA 8.72 1,260 18,140 .758 

4. Honolulu, HI MSA 12.84 2,850 26,700 .727 

5. Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc, CA MSA 1,100 13.10 27,240 .678 

1. Anchorage, AK MSA 16.41 190 34,140 .144 

2. San Jose, CA PMSA 16.06 2,250 33,410 .237 

3. Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA PMSA 15.70 690 32,660 .380 

4. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 15.33 310 31,890 .149 

5. Hartford, CT MSA 15.23 1,260 31,670 .206 

31-9092 Medical assistants

Perform administrative and certain clinical duties under the direction of physician. Administrative duties 

may include scheduling appointments, maintaining medical records, billing, and coding for insurance 

purposes. Clinical duties may include taking and recording vital signs and medical histories, preparing 

patients for examination, drawing blood, and administering medications as directed by physician.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Health services 80,900 $12.97 $26,980 1 7

2. Business services 10,350 12.91 26,850 2 8

3. Engineering & management services 13.80 880 28,700 3 5 

4. Federal, State, and local government 14.40 580 29,960 4 3 

5. Educational services 540 13.47 28,010 5 6

1. Holding and other investment offices 14.51 - 30,180 - 1

2. Insurance carriers 160 14.46 30,080 7 2

3. Federal, State, and local government 580 14.40 29,960 4 3

4. Insurance agents, brokers, & service 14.28 80 29,700 8 4 

5. Engineering & management services 880 13.80 28,700 3 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. South Dakota 690 $11.24 $23,370 .191 322 

2. North Dakota 480 10.64 22,130 .154 363 

3. Iowa 11.23 1,950 23,360 .137 474 

4. West Virginia 820 10.52 21,870 .119 425 

5. Maine 700 12.28 25,540 .118 383 

1. Alaska 260 17.13 35,630 .093 254 

2. Maryland 16.49 1,130 34,310 .047 334 

3. Hawaii 290 15.90 33,070 .054 313 

4. Connecticut 880 15.70 32,650 .053 402 

5. Nevada 350 15.64 32,540 .034 337 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Rapid City, SD MSA 120 $11.65 $24,220 .249 

2. Hattiesburg, MS MSA 110 11.42 23,760 .236 

3. Sioux Falls, SD MSA 12.08 260 25,120 .230 

4. Champaign-Urbana, IL MSA 10.86 210 22,580 .217 

5. Bangor, ME MSA 120 15.60 32,450 .209 

1. Danbury, CT PMSA 21.30 - 44,300 - 

2. Anchorage, AK MSA 18.59 140 38,660 .106 

3. San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles, CA MSA 17.13 60 35,620 .059 

4. Washington, DC-MD-VA-WV PMSA 17.06 1,230 35,490 .046 

5. Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA PMSA 17.06 2,230 35,490 .055 

31-9094 Medical transcriptionists

Use transcribing machines with headset and foot pedal to listen to recordings by physicians and other 

healthcare professionals dictating a variety of medical reports, such as emergency room visits, 

diagnostic imaging studies, operations, chart reviews, and final summaries. Transcribe dictated reports 

and translate medical jargon and abbreviations into their expanded forms. Edit as necessary and return 

reports in either printed or electronic form to the dictator for review and signature, or correction.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Federal, State, and local government $28.89 $60,080 1 112,520 1 

2. Educational services 1,400 23.29 48,440 2 3

3. Membership organizations 50 26.55 55,220 3 2

4.

5.

1. Federal, State, and local government 28.89 112,520 60,080 1 1 

2. Membership organizations 50 26.55 55,220 3 2

3. Educational services 1,400 23.29 48,440 2 3

4.

5.

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Alabama 2,810 $21.01 $43,700 .154 142 

2. New Mexico 22.22 1,110 46,220 .154 111 

3. New Jersey 37.82 5,420 78,670 .141 39 

4. Connecticut 2,160 29.38 61,110 .130 103 

5. Hawaii 690 26.38 54,860 .129 90

1. District of Columbia 760 38.83 80,760 .126 19

2. New Jersey 37.82 5,420 78,670 .141 39 

3. California 12,500 37.74 78,490 .087 39

4. New York 33.96 10,670 70,640 .127 62 

5. Alaska 280 33.31 69,290 .100 34

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Montgomery, AL MSA $26.51 $55,150 .538 810

2. Tallahassee, FL MSA 29.00 470 60,310 .305 

3. Yuma, AZ MSA 27.89 140 58,020 .276 

4. Merced, CA MSA 30.73 130 63,910 .218 

5. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 28.29 450 58,840 .217 

1. Nassau-Suffolk, NY PMSA 44.66 1,000 92,890 .084 

2. Orange County, CA PMSA 43.79 770 91,080 .055 

3. San Francisco, CA PMSA 380 43.29 90,050 .038 

4. Bergen-Passaic, NJ PMSA 43.03 800 89,490 .127 

5. Oakland, CA PMSA 670 42.44 88,260 .067 

33-1012 First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives

Supervise and coordinate activities of members of police force.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Federal, State, and local government $17.37 $36,130 1 263,740 6 

2. Business services 4,710 15.43 32,080 2 10

3. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 350 21.71 45,160 3 1

4. Membership organizations 320 13.47 28,010 4 12

5. Transportation equipment 290 17.84 37,100 5 5

1. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 350 21.71 45,160 3 1

2. Petroleum and coal products 100 21.13 43,960 10 2

3. Educational services 170 18.75 39,000 6 3

4. Chemicals and allied products 70 18.53 38,540 13 4

5. Transportation equipment 290 17.84 37,100 5 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Alaska 3,250 $12.76 $26,540 1.162 354 

2. Wyoming 14.06 930 29,240 .390 243 

3. Ohio 20,310 14.33 29,800 .376 430 

4. Massachusetts 11,470 18.33 38,120 .355 322 

5. Washington 8,620 19.31 40,160 .334 330 

1. New Jersey 25.98 5,140 54,030 .134 174 

2. California 28,810 23.10 48,050 .199 245 

3. New York 22.90 13,560 47,620 .162 235 

4. Connecticut 5,150 21.95 45,660 .309 216 

5. Missouri 5,270 20.96 43,600 .199 169 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Columbus, OH MSA 5,740 $11.84 $24,640 .671 

2. Fayetteville, NC MSA 13.19 640 27,430 .625 

3. Barnstable-Yarmouth, MA MSA 380 23.24 48,350 .589 

4. Worcester, MA-CT PMSA 16.33 1,220 33,960 .530 

5. Bremerton, WA PMSA 17.34 350 36,060 .487 

1. Oakland, CA PMSA 2,050 32.26 67,100 .205 

2. Bergen-Passaic, NJ PMSA 29.42 480 61,200 .076 

3. Newark, NJ PMSA 28.48 1,720 59,240 .179 

4. San Francisco, CA PMSA 2,260 27.98 58,200 .227 

5. Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA PMSA 27.48 470 57,170 .259 

33-2011 Fire fighters

Control and extinguish fires or respond to emergency situations where life, property, or the environment 

is at risk. Duties may include fire prevention, emergency medical service, hazardous material response, 

search and rescue, and disaster management.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Federal, State, and local government $16.45 $34,210 1 379,420 1 

2. Engineering & management services 12.46 17,250 25,920 2 4 

3. Health services 2,160 14.94 31,070 3 2

4. Social services 1,120 10.33 21,490 4 6

5. Business services 940 10.70 22,250 5 5

1. Federal, State, and local government 16.45 379,420 34,210 1 1 

2. Health services 2,160 14.94 31,070 3 2

3. Membership organizations 12.71 - 26,430 - 3

4. Engineering & management services 17,250 12.46 25,920 2 4

5. Business services 940 10.70 22,250 5 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Louisiana 9,940 $11.22 $23,340 .538 471 

2. Mississippi 5,270 10.49 21,810 .484 454 

3. New Mexico 11.09 3,490 23,070 .484 404 

4. New York 21.68 38,100 45,090 .455 256 

5. Texas 39,170 13.27 27,610 .424 417 

1. Massachusetts 7,480 23.51 48,900 .232 191 

2. New Jersey 23.05 13,230 47,940 .344 231 

3. California 32,470 22.43 46,650 .225 263 

4. New York 21.68 38,100 45,090 .455 256 

5. Alaska 930 20.01 41,630 .333 200 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Glens Falls, NY MSA $21.67 $45,080 1.776 880

2. Utica-Rome, NY MSA 1,960 19.88 41,360 1.519 

3. Bakersfield, CA MSA 21.90 2,870 45,560 1.240 

4. Pueblo, CO MSA 530 19.74 41,060 .971 

5. Punta Gorda, FL MSA 14.55 340 30,260 .891 

1. Bergen-Passaic, NJ PMSA 26.21 890 54,510 .141 

2. San Francisco, CA PMSA 1,160 24.77 51,530 .116 

3. Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA PMSA 23.74 700 49,380 .386 

4. Boston, MA-NH PMSA 23.10 5,720 48,050 .290 

5. Riverside-San Bernardino, CA PMSA 3,310 23.02 47,890 .318 

33-3012 Correctional officers and jailers

Guard inmates in penal or rehabilitative institution in accordance with established regulations and 

procedures. May guard prisoners in transit between jail, courtroom, prison, or other point. Include 

deputy sheriffs and police who spend the majority of their time guarding prisoners in correctional 

institutions.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Federal, State, and local government $20.23 $42,090 1 590,650 1 

2. Educational services 8,430 15.82 32,910 2 2

3. Membership organizations 440 14.07 29,280 3 3

4.

5.

1. Federal, State, and local government 20.23 590,650 42,090 1 1 

2. Educational services 8,430 15.82 32,910 2 2

3. Membership organizations 440 14.07 29,280 3 3

4.

5.

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. New Mexico $15.83 $32,930 .760 243 5,480 

2. Arizona 20.23 13,890 42,080 .623 170 

3. Connecticut 10,240 22.92 47,680 .615 198 

4. New York 23.62 50,550 49,130 .604 216 

5. Louisiana 10,880 11.90 24,760 .589 439 

1. New Jersey 27.98 19,940 58,200 .518 138 

2. California 69,210 26.20 54,500 .479 178 

3. Alaska 1,330 23.84 49,590 .476 141 

4. Washington 8,540 23.74 49,390 .331 193 

5. New York 23.62 50,550 49,130 .604 216 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Laredo, TX MSA $19.38 $40,320 1.526 1,080

2. Salinas, CA MSA 2,110 24.01 49,940 1.387 

3. Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX MSA 18.13 1,510 37,720 1.380 

4. Yuma, AZ MSA 16.97 570 35,290 1.126 

5. Tallahassee, FL MSA 17.72 1,610 36,860 1.046 

1. Bergen-Passaic, NJ PMSA 32.68 2,940 67,970 .466 

2. Nassau-Suffolk, NY PMSA 32.21 6,080 66,990 .513 

3. San Francisco, CA PMSA 2,930 31.86 66,270 .294 

4. Oakland, CA PMSA 4,210 31.66 65,860 .422 

5. Orange County, CA PMSA 29.20 4,680 60,730 .333 

33-3051 Police and sheriff's patrol officers

Maintain order, enforce laws and ordinances, and protect life and property in an assigned patrol district. 

Perform combination of following duties: patrol a specific area on foot or in a vehicle; direct traffic; 

issue traffic summonses; investigate accidents; apprehend and arrest suspects, or serve legal processes 

of courts.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Business services 607,650 $9.00 $18,730 1 67

2. Educational services 55,620 11.75 24,440 2 36

3. Health services 44,760 11.67 24,270 3 37

4. Real estate 36,370 11.12 23,140 4 40

5. Amusement & recreation services 9.96 33,720 20,710 5 58 

1. Services, nec 50 16.11 33,500 67 1

2. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 3,290 15.99 33,270 20 2

3. Railroad transportation 15.78 - 32,810 - 3

4. Heavy construction, ex. building 600 15.58 32,400 45 4

5. Fabricated metal products 1,840 15.11 31,420 30 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. District of Columbia 11,090 $11.41 $23,730 1.834 354 

2. Nevada 16,460 10.14 21,090 1.591 509 

3. Hawaii 7,750 9.98 20,750 1.447 476 

4. New York 10.38 97,740 21,600 1.167 617 

5. New Mexico 8.89 7,650 18,480 1.061 502 

1. Alaska 1,980 13.24 27,540 .708 341 

2. Maryland 11.57 20,580 24,080 .847 514 

3. Colorado 14,570 11.52 23,950 .675 536 

4. District of Columbia 11,090 11.41 23,730 1.834 354 

5. Minnesota 13,570 11.05 22,990 .519 574 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Atlantic-Cape May, NJ PMSA 3,580 $10.35 $21,520 1.976 

2. Las Vegas, NV-AZ MSA 10.24 13,820 21,300 1.808 

3. Memphis, TN-AR-MS MSA 9.43 9,640 19,610 1.757 

4. New York, NY PMSA 10.39 68,110 21,600 1.679 

5. Miami, FL PMSA 8.17 15,200 17,000 1.521 

1. Richland-Kennewick-Pasco, WA MSA 18.79 370 39,090 .481 

2. Utica-Rome, NY MSA 990 14.12 29,380 .767 

3. San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles, CA MSA 13.88 590 28,880 .580 

4. Lafayette, IN MSA 13.77 170 28,640 .198 

5. Lynchburg, VA MSA 12.93 770 26,900 .823 

33-9032 Security guards

Guard, patrol, or monitor premises to prevent theft, violence, or infractions of rules.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Eating and drinking places 471,650 $12.17 $25,310 1 25

2. Educational services 50,040 11.86 24,660 2 29

3. Food stores 13.85 35,400 28,800 3 17 

4. Health services 24,990 13.59 28,260 4 19

5. Hotels and other lodging places 19,450 13.82 28,760 5 18

1. Transportation by air 22.49 270 46,790 22 1 

2. Trucking and warehousing 40 18.87 39,260 29 2

3. Water transportation 410 18.26 37,980 20 3

4. Printing and publishing 30 18.07 37,590 31 4

5. Legal services 17.78 30 36,990 30 5 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Hawaii $14.14 $29,400 .805 364 4,310 

2. Indiana 20,940 11.48 23,890 .733 522 

3. North Dakota 2,150 10.16 21,140 .689 383 

4. West Virginia 4,700 9.18 19,090 .682 491 

5. Wyoming 10.41 1,620 21,650 .679 344 

1. Massachusetts 14,160 25.16 52,330 .438 160 

2. Alaska 1,130 16.03 33,340 .404 274 

3. Washington 13,280 15.98 33,240 .515 429 

4. District of Columbia 1,350 15.10 31,400 .223 291 

5. Connecticut 7,510 14.99 31,180 .451 422 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Fort Walton Beach, FL MSA $11.15 $23,190 .974 710

2. Cheyenne, WY MSA 9.69 340 20,140 .961 

3. Muncie, IN MSA 11.88 500 24,710 .928 

4. Benton Harbor, MI MSA 10.05 570 20,910 .910 

5. Fargo-Moorhead, ND-MN MSA 10.21 880 21,240 .893 

1. Boston, MA-NH PMSA 32.94 8,320 68,520 .422 

2. Lancaster, PA MSA 19.23 790 39,990 .364 

3. Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA PMSA 17.51 6,570 36,410 .493 

4. Lawrence, MA-NH PMSA 17.34 620 36,060 .396 

5. Bridgeport, CT PMSA 450 17.29 35,960 .240 

Supervise workers engaged in preparing and serving food.

Industry

35-1012 First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and serving 

workers

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Eating and drinking places 580,940 $9.04 $18,800 1 19

2. Hotels and other lodging places 53,160 10.83 22,520 2 6

3. Amusement & recreation services 10.46 23,590 21,750 3 7 

4. Membership organizations 4,180 9.71 20,200 4 11

5. Business services 2,360 9.62 20,010 5 12

1. Railroad transportation 310 15.24 31,710 13 1

2. Furniture and homefurnishings stores 60 12.24 25,460 19 2

3. Transportation by air 11.68 60 24,300 20 3 

4. Federal, State, and local government 250 11.64 24,220 14 4

5. Museums, botanical, zoological garden 320 10.89 22,640 12 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Nevada 10,190 $11.66 $24,260 .985 450 

2. Montana 3,450 8.19 17,030 .900 486 

3. Colorado 19,380 9.67 20,120 .897 597 

4. Hawaii 4,710 12.28 25,540 .879 412 

5. New Mexico 7.97 5,270 16,570 .731 538 

1. Hawaii 4,710 12.28 25,540 .879 412 

2. New Jersey 12.07 11,610 25,110 .302 535 

3. Nevada 10,190 11.66 24,260 .985 450 

4. Alaska 990 11.66 24,240 .354 377 

5. New York 11.52 19,960 23,970 .238 580 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Sharon, PA MSA $7.11 $14,780 1.590 810

2. Grand Junction, CO MSA 660 7.80 16,230 1.292 

3. Flagstaff, AZ-UT MSA 8.48 650 17,630 1.202 

4. Macon, GA MSA 6.80 1,680 14,140 1.175 

5. Naples, FL MSA 11.96 1,250 24,870 1.162 

1. Atlantic-Cape May, NJ PMSA 1,950 13.88 28,870 1.076 

2. New York, NY PMSA 12.87 10,120 26,780 .249 

3. San Francisco, CA PMSA 6,370 12.85 26,730 .639 

4. Newark, NJ PMSA 12.69 2,540 26,400 .264 

5. Bridgeport, CT PMSA 730 12.56 26,110 .390 

35-2014 Cooks, restaurant

Prepare, season, and cook soups, meats, vegetables, desserts, or other foodstuffs in restaurants. May 

order supplies, keep records and accounts, price items on menu, or plan menu.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Eating and drinking places 384,250 $7.49 $15,580 1 33

2. Food stores 8.68 137,520 18,050 2 13 

3. Health services 104,650 8.41 17,490 3 19

4. Educational services 95,500 8.76 18,220 4 12

5. Social services 21,930 7.72 16,070 5 29

1. Legal services 11.80 70 24,530 28 1 

2. Communication 11.52 - 23,960 - 2

3. Holding and other investment offices 50 10.86 22,580 29 3

4. Transportation by air 510 10.71 22,280 19 4

5. Oil and gas extraction 10.34 - 21,500 - 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Louisiana 21,570 $6.67 $13,860 1.167 640 

2. Maine 6,260 8.14 16,930 1.056 541 

3. South Dakota 3,770 7.24 15,060 1.042 490 

4. North Dakota 3,190 8.97 18,660 1.023 425 

5. Mississippi 10,880 6.48 13,470 .999 613 

1. District of Columbia 3,840 10.45 21,730 .635 369 

2. Hawaii 4,530 10.37 21,580 .846 468 

3. Alaska 2,400 10.30 21,430 .858 394 

4. Connecticut 12,390 9.75 20,280 .744 584 

5. Nevada 5,410 9.35 19,440 .523 529 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Alexandria, LA MSA $6.44 $13,390 2.209 1,200

2. Champaign-Urbana, IL MSA 6.66 2,070 13,840 2.144 

3. Galveston-Texas City, TX PMSA 6.93 1,640 14,410 1.894 

4. Salem, OR PMSA 8.83 2,330 18,360 1.735 

5. Rockford, IL MSA 6.66 2,700 13,850 1.615 

1. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 11.33 860 23,570 .414 

2. Fargo-Moorhead, ND-MN MSA 10.85 1,500 22,560 1.522 

3. Danbury, CT PMSA 10.79 530 22,430 .607 

4. Rochester, MN MSA 240 10.63 22,100 .283 

5. Honolulu, HI MSA 10.49 3,120 21,830 .795 

35-2021 Food preparation workers

Perform a variety of food preparation duties other than cooking, such as preparing cold foods and 

shellfish, slicing meat, and brewing coffee or tea.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Eating and drinking places 1,670,840 $6.89 $14,330 1 36

2. Food stores 8.07 177,440 16,780 2 18 

3. Educational services 40,950 8.29 17,240 3 17

4. Amusement & recreation services 7.45 34,600 15,500 4 27 

5. Hotels and other lodging places 18,400 8.57 17,820 5 13

1. Personal services 13.15 360 27,360 23 1 

2. Railroad transportation 590 13.06 27,170 22 2

3. Printing and publishing 80 11.60 24,130 29 3

4. Federal, State, and local government 14,400 11.14 23,160 7 4

5. Depository institutions 70 9.77 20,320 30 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Hawaii $6.85 $14,240 3.970 525 21,260 

2. Wyoming 6.43 6,550 13,380 2.745 445 

3. South Dakota 8,940 7.58 15,760 2.470 479 

4. Alaska 6,820 8.14 16,920 2.439 422 

5. Washington 62,890 8.10 16,860 2.437 670 

1. Connecticut 15,520 8.66 18,010 .932 601 

2. District of Columbia 8,480 8.48 17,650 1.402 394 

3. Massachusetts 46,720 8.38 17,420 1.446 634 

4. Alaska 6,820 8.14 16,920 2.439 422 

5. Washington 62,890 8.10 16,860 2.437 670 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Jacksonville, NC MSA 2,580 $6.18 $12,850 6.859 

2. Punta Gorda, FL MSA 6.72 1,930 13,970 5.060 

3. Greenville, NC MSA 6.36 2,880 13,230 4.477 

4. Honolulu, HI MSA 6.60 17,520 13,720 4.467 

5. Chico-Paradise, CA MSA 2,870 6.94 14,440 3.991 

1. Barnstable-Yarmouth, MA MSA 10.16 - 21,130 - 

2. Danbury, CT PMSA 9.14 1,050 19,020 1.202 

3. Portsmouth-Rochester, NH-ME PMSA 9.14 2,410 19,010 2.065 

4. San Francisco, CA PMSA 12,270 9.03 18,770 1.230 

5. Madison, WI MSA 8.97 4,090 18,660 1.506 

Perform duties which combine both food preparation and food service.

Industry

35-3021 Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast 

food

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Eating and drinking places 1,675,820 $7.26 $15,110 1 21

2. Hotels and other lodging places 138,010 7.74 16,100 2 13

3. Amusement & recreation services 8.28 78,960 17,230 3 6 

4. Membership organizations 16,250 8.20 17,060 4 8

5. Automotive dealers & service stations 6.65 12,150 13,820 5 28 

1. Railroad transportation 1,180 14.91 31,010 16 1

2. Transportation services 70 11.28 23,460 26 2

3. Transportation by air 9.46 50 19,670 27 3 

4. Business services 11,800 9.12 18,980 6 4

5. Holding and other investment offices 180 8.93 18,580 22 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Nevada 30,180 $7.74 $16,090 2.917 556 

2. Hawaii 12,480 9.52 19,810 2.330 488 

3. New Mexico 6.75 15,820 14,040 2.193 565 

4. Colorado 46,200 8.27 17,190 2.140 628 

5. Rhode Island 7.50 9,750 15,610 2.083 509 

1. Massachusetts 53,620 9.83 20,460 1.660 602 

2. Hawaii 12,480 9.52 19,810 2.330 488 

3. Vermont 8.95 5,720 18,620 1.940 462 

4. Washington 37,490 8.91 18,540 1.453 658 

5. New York 8.75 96,720 18,210 1.155 663 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Barnstable-Yarmouth, MA MSA 2,550 $9.18 $19,100 3.954 

2. Atlantic-Cape May, NJ PMSA 6,930 8.75 18,200 3.825 

3. Flagstaff, AZ-UT MSA 6.43 1,790 13,370 3.310 

4. Las Vegas, NV-AZ MSA 8.03 24,390 16,690 3.191 

5. Naples, FL MSA 9.50 3,310 19,760 3.078 

1. New York, NY PMSA 10.97 41,400 22,810 1.021 

2. Jersey City, NJ PMSA 10.66 1,540 22,180 .618 

3. Boston, MA-NH PMSA 10.49 31,160 21,810 1.581 

4. San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles, CA MSA 10.02 2,710 20,830 2.666 

5. Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA PMSA 9.76 17,990 20,310 1.351 

35-3031 Waiters and waitresses

Take orders and serve food and beverages to patrons at tables in dining establishment. 

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Business services 52,160 $13.19 $27,430 1 53

2. Educational services 41,740 15.71 32,680 2 36

3. Hotels and other lodging places 33,500 11.83 24,600 3 57

4. Health services 25,080 13.82 28,740 4 50

5. Real estate 13,540 15.17 31,550 5 43

1. Primary metal industries 100 22.34 46,470 44 1

2. Security and commodity brokers 70 21.62 44,970 49 2

3. Instruments and related products 270 21.31 44,330 28 3

4. Paper and allied products 100 21.03 43,740 45 4

5. Chemicals and allied products 350 20.48 42,610 22 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. District of Columbia 2,930 $11.68 $24,290 .485 349 

2. Nevada 2,910 13.25 27,560 .281 398 

3. Hawaii 1,410 14.81 30,800 .263 349 

4. Missouri 5,700 13.13 27,310 .215 417 

5. Maryland 14.59 5,140 30,350 .212 405 

1. New York 17.84 15,480 37,110 .185 360 

2. Alaska 390 17.37 36,120 .139 247 

3. Connecticut 2,760 17.12 35,610 .166 359 

4. New Jersey 16.66 7,560 34,650 .196 387 

5. Massachusetts 5,390 16.43 34,180 .167 393 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Atlantic-Cape May, NJ PMSA 1,070 $14.58 $30,320 .591 

2. Myrtle Beach, SC MSA 11.26 400 23,430 .422 

3. Flagstaff, AZ-UT MSA 10.70 210 22,260 .388 

4. Bloomington, IN MSA 15.49 230 32,210 .380 

5. Dover, DE MSA 12.63 160 26,280 .307 

1. Nassau-Suffolk, NY PMSA 20.56 1,750 42,760 .148 

2. Waterbury, CT PMSA 19.79 120 41,170 .140 

3. Modesto, CA MSA 19.69 200 40,960 .130 

4. San Francisco, CA PMSA 1,460 19.33 40,210 .146 

5. Danbury, CT PMSA 18.94 180 39,400 .206 

Supervise work activities of cleaning personnel in hotels, hospitals, offices, and other establishments.

Industry

37-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and janitorial 

workers

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Agricultural services $16.40 $34,110 1 49,360 22 

2. Real estate 7,570 17.13 35,630 2 17

3. Federal, State, and local government 19.76 7,440 41,090 3 9 

4. Amusement & recreation services 19.60 6,020 40,770 4 10 

5. Business services 4,750 16.23 33,760 5 23

1. Food and kindred products 30 28.99 60,300 30 1

2. Chemicals and allied products 140 24.73 51,440 22 2

3. General building contractors 540 22.99 47,820 14 3

4. Food stores 22.86 40 47,540 27 4 

5. Paper and allied products 30 21.15 43,990 29 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Hawaii 810 $17.36 $36,100 .151 268 

2. Arizona 14.11 2,950 29,350 .132 345 

3. Nevada 1,140 18.04 37,520 .110 267 

4. Florida 15.34 7,620 31,900 .108 327 

5. Nebraska 940 16.74 34,820 .107 224 

1. Rhode Island 25.25 220 52,520 .047 97 

2. Connecticut 1,200 22.43 46,650 .072 208 

3. New York 21.64 5,320 45,020 .064 258 

4. Alaska 70 21.09 43,860 .025 183 

5. Washington 1,530 21.05 43,780 .059 268 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Naples, FL MSA $16.40 $34,100 .372 400

2. Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie, FL MSA 15.57 270 32,380 .266 

3. Barnstable-Yarmouth, MA MSA 140 18.78 39,070 .217 

4. Fort Myers-Cape Coral, FL MSA 14.15 360 29,430 .207 

5. Salinas, CA MSA 290 16.41 34,140 .191 

1. Tacoma, WA PMSA 26.35 230 54,820 .100 

2. Nassau-Suffolk, NY PMSA 25.53 1,220 53,100 .103 

3. Bridgeport, CT PMSA 140 25.37 52,760 .075 

4. New York, NY PMSA 25.01 1,930 52,020 .048 

5. Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA MSA 24.40 220 50,760 .043 

Plan, organize, direct, or coordinate activities of workers engaged in landscaping or groundskeeping 

activities, such as planting and maintaining ornamental trees, shrubs, flowers, and lawns, and applying 

fertilizers, pesticides, and other chemicals, according to contract specifications. May also coordinate 

activities of workers engaged in terracing hillsides, building retaining walls, constructing pathways, 

installing patios, and similar activities in following a landscape design plan. Work may involve reviewing 

contracts to ascertain service, machine, and work force requirements; answering inquiries from potential 

customers regarding methods, material, and price ranges; and preparing estimates according to labor, 

material, and machine costs.

Industry

37-1012 First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn service, and 

groundskeeping workers

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Business services 692,370 $8.26 $17,180 1 62

2. Educational services 454,990 10.92 22,720 2 15

3. Federal, State, and local government 12.57 128,610 26,140 3 4 

4. Health services 100,340 9.26 19,260 4 42

5. Real estate 98,290 10.19 21,200 5 24

1. Transportation equipment 8,070 15.74 32,740 24 1

2. Metal mining 13.93 - 28,980 - 2

3. Railroad transportation 930 13.16 27,370 58 3

4. Federal, State, and local government 128,610 12.57 26,140 3 4

5. Coal mining 230 12.33 25,650 65 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. District of Columbia 15,830 $9.54 $19,830 2.618 382 

2. Hawaii 12,960 9.18 19,100 2.420 497 

3. Nevada 23,540 10.12 21,040 2.275 510 

4. New York 11.56 182,810 24,040 2.183 579 

5. Alaska 5,930 11.68 24,300 2.121 375 

1. Alaska 5,930 11.68 24,300 2.121 375 

2. New York 11.56 182,810 24,040 2.183 579 

3. Massachusetts 59,910 11.19 23,270 1.855 564 

4. Michigan 71,770 11.15 23,190 1.616 589 

5. Connecticut 29,350 10.84 22,540 1.763 560 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX MSA $7.37 $15,320 3.051 3,340

2. Gadsden, AL MSA 7.15 1,110 14,860 3.032 

3. Jersey City, NJ PMSA 10.01 6,420 20,820 2.578 

4. Honolulu, HI MSA 8.98 9,890 18,680 2.521 

5. New York, NY PMSA 12.60 99,700 26,220 2.458 

1. Kokomo, IN MSA 13.09 890 27,220 1.812 

2. Flint, MI PMSA 12.98 2,490 26,990 1.527 

3. New York, NY PMSA 12.60 99,700 26,220 2.458 

4. Champaign-Urbana, IL MSA 12.57 2,190 26,140 2.268 

5. Fitchburg-Leominster, MA PMSA 12.11 650 25,180 1.267 

Keep buildings in clean and orderly condition. Perform heavy cleaning duties, such as cleaning floors, 

shampooing rugs, washing walls and glass, and removing rubbish. Duties may include tending furnace 

and boiler, performing routine maintenance activities, notifying management of need for repairs, and 

cleaning snow or debris from sidewalk.

Industry

37-2011 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Hotels and other lodging places 395,500 $7.86 $16,350 1 46

2. Health services 235,500 8.42 17,520 2 31

3. Business services 130,420 8.11 16,870 3 39

4. Real estate 46,250 8.57 17,830 4 28

5. Social services 30,460 7.70 16,020 5 50

1. Services, nec 90 14.02 29,170 39 1

2. Transportation by air 200 11.23 23,350 33 2

3. Chemicals and allied products 40 11.13 23,150 50 3

4. Oil and gas extraction 10.93 - 22,720 - 4

5. Transportation services 150 10.90 22,670 35 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Nevada 20,370 $9.45 $19,650 1.969 528 

2. Hawaii 10,350 11.16 23,210 1.933 448 

3. Wyoming 7.36 3,230 15,310 1.353 429 

4. Montana 4,690 6.96 14,470 1.223 517 

5. South Dakota 4,100 7.29 15,150 1.133 488 

1. District of Columbia 5,900 11.19 23,270 .976 360 

2. Hawaii 10,350 11.16 23,210 1.933 448 

3. New York 10.92 50,430 22,710 .602 605 

4. Alaska 2,350 9.91 20,610 .840 401 

5. Massachusetts 21,260 9.52 19,790 .658 609 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Myrtle Beach, SC MSA $7.68 $15,970 3.046 2,890

2. Atlantic-Cape May, NJ PMSA 4,770 9.65 20,080 2.633 

3. Flagstaff, AZ-UT MSA 6.68 1,330 13,900 2.460 

4. Las Vegas, NV-AZ MSA 9.77 16,600 20,320 2.172 

5. Barnstable-Yarmouth, MA MSA 1,280 8.92 18,550 1.985 

1. New York, NY PMSA 13.66 25,640 28,420 .632 

2. San Francisco, CA PMSA 8,360 11.04 22,970 .838 

3. Honolulu, HI MSA 10.57 5,540 21,980 1.412 

4. Cumberland, MD-WV MSA 370 10.51 21,870 1.002 

5. Anchorage, AK MSA 10.25 1,030 21,310 .778 

37-2012 Maids and housekeeping cleaners

Perform any combination of light cleaning duties to maintain private households or commercial 

establishments, such as hotels, restaurants, and hospitals, in a clean and orderly manner. Duties include 

making beds, replenishing linens, cleaning rooms and halls, and vacuuming.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Agricultural services $9.61 $19,980 1 340,990 47 

2. Amusement & recreation services 9.48 102,080 19,720 2 49 

3. Federal, State, and local government 12.52 77,000 26,030 3 9 

4. Real estate 66,250 9.57 19,910 4 48

5. Educational services 41,330 11.96 24,880 5 15

1. Communications 350 14.78 30,740 34 1

2. Instruments and related products 290 14.57 30,300 41 2

3. Transportation equipment 80 14.44 30,040 55 3

4. Chemicals and allied products 450 13.98 29,070 29 4

5. Paper and allied products 210 13.63 28,340 44 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Hawaii $11.23 $23,370 1.195 443 6,400 

2. Arizona 8.62 25,080 17,920 1.124 563 

3. Nevada 10,570 9.93 20,640 1.022 514 

4. Florida 9.23 70,470 19,200 .998 613 

5. California 111,340 10.61 22,080 .771 620 

1. Alaska 710 12.64 26,300 .254 356 

2. Connecticut 11,340 12.34 25,670 .681 515 

3. Massachusetts 18,780 12.26 25,490 .581 529 

4. District of Columbia 1,030 12.04 25,040 .170 340 

5. New Jersey 11.66 21,680 24,260 .563 550 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Naples, FL MSA $9.91 $20,610 3.059 3,290

2. Barnstable-Yarmouth, MA MSA 1,290 11.16 23,200 2.000 

3. Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie, FL MSA 9.21 1,930 19,160 1.898 

4. West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL MSA 8.81 9,310 18,330 1.839 

5. Punta Gorda, FL MSA 8.38 670 17,430 1.757 

1. Lowell, MA-NH PMSA 14.17 750 29,460 .604 

2. New York, NY PMSA 13.23 9,560 27,520 .236 

3. Danbury, CT PMSA 13.23 1,130 27,520 1.294 

4. Oakland, CA PMSA 7,540 13.19 27,440 .755 

5. San Francisco, CA PMSA 5,720 12.72 26,450 .574 

37-3011 Landscaping and groundskeeping workers

Landscape or maintain grounds of property using hand or power tools or equipment. Workers typically 

perform a variety of tasks, which may include any combination of the following: sod laying, mowing, 

trimming, planting, watering, fertilizing, digging, raking, sprinkler installation, and installation of 

mortarless segmental concrete masonry wall units.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Amusement & recreation services $7.35 $15,300 1 136,730 13 

2. Federal, State, and local government 8.84 37,570 18,380 2 3 

3. Membership organizations 10,910 7.76 16,140 3 11

4. Hotels and other lodging places 8,660 7.87 16,360 4 10

5. Eating and drinking places 2,990 6.99 14,540 5 18

1. Holding and other investment offices 110 9.18 19,100 14 1

2. Health services 8.97 - 18,650 - 2

3. Federal, State, and local government 37,570 8.84 18,380 2 3

4. Social services 990 8.13 16,910 11 4

5. Real estate 1,970 8.12 16,900 7 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Hawaii $9.48 $19,710 .347 489 1,860 

2. Florida 7.11 24,160 14,790 .342 676 

3. Nevada 3,400 7.35 15,300 .329 560 

4. Minnesota 8,270 8.49 17,660 .316 632 

5. New Hampshire 8.10 1,630 16,850 .269 534 

1. Alaska 470 11.99 24,950 .168 367 

2. District of Columbia 60 10.24 21,290 .010 371 

3. Connecticut 1,460 9.48 19,720 .088 592 

4. Hawaii 1,860 9.48 19,710 .347 489 

5. Washington 4,040 9.02 18,770 .157 652 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Atlantic-Cape May, NJ PMSA 1,150 $6.56 $13,640 .635 

2. Naples, FL MSA 7.62 630 15,840 .586 

3. Wilmington, NC MSA 560 6.45 13,420 .516 

4. Rapid City, SD MSA 200 6.54 13,610 .415 

5. Sarasota-Bradenton, FL MSA 7.50 1,120 15,600 .402 

1. Anchorage, AK MSA 12.41 140 25,820 .106 

2. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 11.47 280 23,860 .135 

3. Killeen-Temple, TX MSA 10.36 80 21,560 .081 

4. Ventura, CA PMSA 390 10.30 21,430 .137 

5. Yakima, WA MSA 10.29 80 21,410 .106 

39-3091 Amusement and recreation attendants

Perform variety of attending duties at amusement or recreation facility. May schedule use of recreation 

facilities, maintain and provide equipment to participants of sporting events or recreational pursuits, or 

operate amusement concessions and rides.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Personal services $10.25 $21,310 1 297,080 11 

2. General merchandise stores 9.93 24,050 20,660 2 14 

3. Miscellaneous retail 9.96 2,400 20,720 3 13 

4. Business services 2,290 15.59 32,420 4 1

5. Health services 1,270 10.78 22,420 5 8

1. Business services 2,290 15.59 32,420 4 1

2. Wholesale trade--nondurable goods 200 13.93 28,970 10 2

3. Amusement & recreation services 500 13.10 27,250 6 3

4. Federal, State, and local government 230 12.76 26,540 9 4

5. Apparel and accessory stores 360 12.74 26,490 7 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. North Dakota 1,340 $9.23 $19,190 .430 418 

2. New Jersey 10.07 14,970 20,940 .389 597 

3. Wisconsin 10,130 10.73 22,320 .376 548 

4. Pennsylvania 9.26 20,660 19,250 .373 632 

5. Maryland 9.99 8,830 20,790 .364 572 

1. District of Columbia 650 17.13 35,640 .107 253 

2. Washington 7,140 14.03 29,180 .277 499 

3. Alaska 490 13.14 27,340 .175 343 

4. Hawaii 780 12.14 25,250 .146 419 

5. Connecticut 5,880 11.59 24,100 .353 538 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Kenosha, WI PMSA $10.27 $21,370 .710 360

2. Monmouth-Ocean, NJ PMSA 2,390 9.47 19,700 .625 

3. Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA MSA 9.14 1,480 19,000 .545 

4. Bismarck, ND MSA 260 9.86 20,510 .542 

5. New London-Norwich, CT-RI MSA 9.29 720 19,320 .530 

1. Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA PMSA 17.97 3,400 37,380 .255 

2. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 15.58 860 32,410 .414 

3. Iowa City, IA MSA 15.01 200 31,230 .309 

4. Rockford, IL MSA 14.20 390 29,540 .233 

5. San Francisco, CA PMSA 1,390 14.02 29,150 .139 

39-5012 Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists

Provide beauty services, such as shampooing, cutting, coloring, and styling hair, and massaging and 

treating scalp. May also apply makeup, dress wigs, perform hair removal, and provide nail and skin care 

services.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Social services 233,480 $7.89 $16,410 1 15

2. Educational services 106,630 8.90 18,510 2 6

3. Amusement & recreation services 7.34 23,610 15,280 3 20 

4. Membership organizations 22,900 7.72 16,050 4 17

5. Health services 11,180 8.41 17,480 5 11

1. Services, nec 13.01 - 27,050 - 1

2. Federal, State, and local government 9,260 9.47 19,700 6 2

3. Museums, botanical, zoological garden 9.45 - 19,650 - 3

4. Motion pictures 150 9.30 19,340 14 4

5. Engineering & management services 1,140 9.16 19,040 10 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Vermont $8.12 $16,890 .739 484 2,180 

2. South Dakota 2,300 7.29 15,150 .636 487 

3. Arkansas 6,890 6.62 13,770 .615 586 

4. New York 9.37 48,460 19,480 .579 643 

5. Wyoming 7.28 1,290 15,140 .541 432 

1. Massachusetts 10,020 9.88 20,550 .310 601 

2. California 35,550 9.68 20,140 .246 647 

3. Connecticut 5,550 9.64 20,040 .333 589 

4. New York 9.37 48,460 19,480 .579 643 

5. Maryland 9.35 10,350 19,440 .426 588 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Redding, CA MSA 840 $8.74 $18,180 1.321 

2. Lawrence, KS MSA 7.62 500 15,850 1.062 

3. Iowa City, IA MSA 6.95 620 14,450 .956 

4. San Angelo, TX MSA 6.65 390 13,840 .883 

5. Terre Haute, IN MSA 8.49 550 17,660 .830 

1. San Francisco, CA PMSA 1,810 14.31 29,750 .181 

2. Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA PMSA 11.30 560 23,500 .309 

3. San Jose, CA PMSA 10.80 2,600 22,460 .274 

4. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 10.25 970 21,320 .467 

5. Pittsfield, MA MSA 170 10.22 21,260 .409 

39-9011 Child care workers

Attend to children at schools, businesses, private households, and child care institutions. Perform a 

variety of tasks, such as dressing, feeding, bathing, and overseeing play. 

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Social services 242,110 $8.31 $17,270 1 10

2. Health services 144,770 7.30 15,180 2 15

3. Federal, State, and local government 9.47 7,710 19,690 3 5 

4. Personal services 7.61 4,390 15,830 4 14 

5. Business services 3,990 8.69 18,080 5 6

1. Engineering & management services 16.41 1,480 34,130 6 1 

2. Holding and other investment offices 80 10.95 22,780 12 2

3. Eating and drinking places 210 9.78 20,350 10 3

4. Membership organizations 300 9.65 20,080 9 4

5. Federal, State, and local government 7,710 9.47 19,690 3 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Maine $8.40 $17,480 .798 536 4,730 

2. New York 8.11 65,190 16,870 .778 669 

3. Texas 67,470 6.32 13,140 .731 694 

4. North Dakota 1,840 8.00 16,630 .590 455 

5. Kansas 7,640 8.13 16,920 .578 589 

1. Alaska 1,160 11.74 24,430 .415 372 

2. Rhode Island 10.47 1,730 21,780 .370 448 

3. Arizona 10.34 2,530 21,500 .113 498 

4. Connecticut 4,770 10.21 21,230 .287 577 

5. Massachusetts 8,000 9.74 20,270 .248 604 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito, TX MSA $6.04 $12,570 4.486 4,910

2. McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX MSA 6.07 5,220 12,630 3.141 

3. San Angelo, TX MSA 6.09 840 12,660 1.901 

4. Wichita Falls, TX MSA 6.18 980 12,850 1.724 

5. Missoula, MT MSA 800 7.01 14,590 1.617 

1. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 13.58 200 28,240 .096 

2. Tucson, AZ MSA 12.29 1,100 25,570 .336 

3. New London-Norwich, CT-RI MSA 11.79 600 24,520 .442 

4. Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc, CA MSA 420 11.51 23,950 .259 

5. Atlantic-Cape May, NJ PMSA 180 11.49 23,900 .099 

39-9021 Personal and home care aides

Assist elderly or disabled adults with daily living activities at the person's home or in a daytime nonresidential facility. Duties performed at a place of residence may include keeping house (making beds, 

doing laundry, washing dishes) and preparing meals. May provide meals and supervised activities at nonresidential care facilities. May advise families, the elderly, and disabled on such things as nutrition, 

cleanliness, and household utilities.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Federal, State, and local government $10.55 $21,950 1 115,590 3 

2. Membership organizations 44,870 8.51 17,710 2 16

3. Health services 34,380 9.91 20,610 3 7

4. Social services 27,840 9.48 19,720 4 9

5. Amusement & recreation services 8.67 17,570 18,030 5 14 

1. Printing and publishing 70 13.01 27,060 14 1

2. Personal services 12.72 - 26,450 - 2

3. Federal, State, and local government 115,590 10.55 21,950 1 3

4. Real estate 2,790 10.49 21,830 9 4

5. General building contractors 50 10.07 20,940 17 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Maryland $9.52 $19,800 .482 585 11,700 

2. Connecticut 6,420 11.10 23,080 .386 553 

3. Hawaii 1,800 11.15 23,200 .336 449 

4. Vermont 9.41 940 19,580 .319 451 

5. Delaware 8.92 1,220 18,560 .303 449 

1. Kentucky 14.09 - 29,300 - 335

2. District of Columbia 670 13.16 27,380 .111 325 

3. Arizona 11.38 4,830 23,680 .217 460 

4. Washington 6,950 11.15 23,200 .269 598 

5. Hawaii 1,800 11.15 23,200 .336 449 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. New London-Norwich, CT-RI MSA $9.53 $19,820 .979 1,330

2. New Haven-Meriden, CT PMSA 11.82 1,500 24,580 .584 

3. Bellingham, WA MSA 8.68 320 18,060 .490 

4. Santa Rosa, CA PMSA 930 9.97 20,740 .486 

5. Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, NC MSA 9.17 3,080 19,070 .466 

1. Louisville, KY-IN MSA 15.57 - 32,380 - 

2. Champaign-Urbana, IL MSA 14.24 140 29,620 .145 

3. Tacoma, WA PMSA 14.11 430 29,350 .186 

4. Lansing-East Lansing, MI MSA 13.23 130 27,520 .060 

5. Danbury, CT PMSA 13.20 150 27,450 .172 

39-9032 Recreation workers

Conduct recreation activities with groups in public, private, or volunteer agencies or recreation 

facilities. Organize and promote activities, such as arts and crafts, sports, games, music, dramatics, 

social recreation, camping, and hobbies, taking into account the needs and interests of individual 

members. 

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Miscellaneous retail $14.67 $30,510 1 242,490 54 

2. Food stores 14.35 203,700 29,850 2 57 

3. General merchandise stores 12.96 161,210 26,960 3 59 

4. Automotive dealers & service stations 20.28 152,100 42,180 4 27 

5. Apparel and accessory stores 14.22 149,500 29,580 5 58 

1. Instruments and related products 620 34.18 71,090 38 1

2. Insurance carriers 1,640 29.93 62,260 29 2

3. Security and commodity brokers 2,020 28.70 59,700 25 3

4. Insurance agents, brokers, & service 1,000 28.54 59,370 35 4

5. Oil and gas extraction 40 26.99 56,140 61 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. New Hampshire $14.76 $30,700 1.266 306 7,660 

2. Missouri 31,250 14.20 29,540 1.180 372 

3. Maryland 15.69 28,480 32,630 1.173 362 

4. West Virginia 7,860 12.09 25,140 1.141 362 

5. Hawaii 6,000 16.14 33,570 1.120 300 

1. Washington 21,780 19.31 40,150 .844 331 

2. New Jersey 19.11 33,830 39,750 .879 327 

3. Connecticut 15,090 18.34 38,140 .906 322 

4. California 132,240 17.97 37,370 .915 363 

5. Colorado 21,130 17.72 36,850 .979 285 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Barnstable-Yarmouth, MA MSA 1,180 $16.24 $33,770 1.830 

2. Texarkana, TX-Texarkana, AR MSA 12.34 810 25,670 1.599 

3. Myrtle Beach, SC MSA 15.21 1,510 31,630 1.592 

4. Jacksonville, NC MSA 570 13.93 28,980 1.515 

5. Joplin, MO MSA 1,120 13.68 28,450 1.514 

1. Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA PMSA 20.88 10,530 43,420 .791 

2. Bergen-Passaic, NJ PMSA 20.79 5,830 43,230 .923 

3. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 20.52 2,060 42,690 .992 

4. Trenton, NJ PMSA 20.42 1,640 42,470 .796 

5. Bridgeport, CT PMSA 1,460 20.21 42,030 .780 

41-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers

Directly supervise sales workers in a retail establishment or department. Duties may include 

management functions, such as purchasing, budgeting, accounting, and personnel work, in addition to 

supervisory duties.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Food stores $8.10 $16,840 1 1,112,080 36 

2. Miscellaneous retail 7.34 527,250 15,260 2 51 

3. General merchandise stores 7.51 421,660 15,610 3 48 

4. Automotive dealers & service stations 7.40 347,720 15,390 4 50 

5. Eating and drinking places 276,180 7.05 14,660 5 53

1. Federal, State, and local government 13.24 38,220 27,540 12 1 

2. Insurance carriers 260 11.76 24,460 42 2

3. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 2,900 11.40 23,700 28 3

4. Security and commodity brokers 1,980 11.00 22,890 31 4

5. Transportation by air 1,420 10.82 22,500 32 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Vermont $7.66 $15,930 3.538 493 10,430 

2. New Hampshire 7.75 21,360 16,120 3.531 542 

3. Nevada 36,440 8.75 18,200 3.522 540 

4. Mississippi 36,860 6.74 14,020 3.384 607 

5. Alabama 57,960 6.75 14,040 3.171 630 

1. District of Columbia 6,510 9.83 20,450 1.077 378 

2. Washington 71,830 9.68 20,140 2.783 639 

3. California 364,420 9.46 19,670 2.523 652 

4. Alaska 7,100 9.41 19,560 2.539 405 

5. Oregon 9.18 33,010 19,100 2.118 594 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Myrtle Beach, SC MSA $7.28 $15,130 5.271 5,000

2. Auburn-Opelika, AL MSA 6.52 1,760 13,550 4.323 

3. Danbury, CT PMSA 8.73 3,650 18,160 4.180 

4. Monmouth-Ocean, NJ PMSA 15,950 8.08 16,800 4.174 

5. Decatur, AL MSA 6.98 2,280 14,510 4.087 

1. San Francisco, CA PMSA 22,590 10.64 22,130 2.265 

2. Santa Rosa, CA PMSA 5,630 10.54 21,920 2.942 

3. Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA PMSA 10.22 32,470 21,250 2.438 

4. San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles, CA MSA 10.03 3,110 20,860 3.060 

5. Sacramento, CA PMSA 9.80 19,180 20,380 2.649 

41-2011 Cashiers

Receive and disburse money in establishments other than financial institutions. Usually involves use of 

electronic scanners, cash registers, or related equipment. Often involved in processing credit or debit 

card transactions and validating checks.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. General merchandise stores $8.42 $17,520 1 968,330 60 

2. Miscellaneous retail 8.61 789,320 17,910 2 56 

3. Apparel and accessory stores 8.10 683,990 16,840 3 62 

4. Furniture and homefurnishings stores 372,400 11.65 24,220 4 33

5. Automotive dealers & service stations 17.97 354,070 37,380 5 8 

1. Transportation equipment 560 21.09 43,870 44 1

2. Oil and gas extraction 21.00 - 43,690 - 2

3. Local and interurban passenger transit 60 19.67 40,900 61 3

4. Insurance carriers 160 19.58 40,720 55 4

5. Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels 19.29 50 40,120 62 5 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. New Hampshire $10.15 $21,110 4.270 486 25,830 

2. Hawaii 22,570 9.85 20,490 4.214 481 

3. Colorado 82,620 11.07 23,030 3.826 545 

4. Delaware 10.15 14,930 21,110 3.714 418 

5. Montana 14,030 9.11 18,960 3.658 458 

1. Washington 72,510 12.05 25,060 2.810 567 

2. Alaska 8,100 11.90 24,750 2.897 369 

3. Connecticut 52,060 11.27 23,450 3.127 549 

4. Colorado 82,620 11.07 23,030 3.826 545 

5. Massachusetts 101,050 10.87 22,610 3.128 576 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Barnstable-Yarmouth, MA MSA 3,660 $10.45 $21,750 5.675 

2. Nashua, NH PMSA 5,100 10.35 21,520 5.492 

3. Punta Gorda, FL MSA 10.49 1,970 21,820 5.165 

4. Danbury, CT PMSA 11.45 4,230 23,810 4.844 

5. Rapid City, SD MSA 2,330 9.15 19,030 4.837 

1. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 13.73 7,770 28,570 3.740 

2. Tacoma, WA PMSA 12.84 6,090 26,700 2.638 

3. Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA PMSA 12.70 38,200 26,420 2.868 

4. Anchorage, AK MSA 12.57 4,630 26,140 3.498 

5. Olympia, WA PMSA 12.35 2,060 25,690 2.461 

41-2031 Retail salespersons

Sell merchandise, such as furniture, motor vehicles, appliances, or apparel in a retail establishment.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Wholesale trade--durable goods $23.78 $49,470 1 491,850 28 

2. Wholesale trade--nondurable goods 22.93 368,210 47,690 2 39 

3. Business services 53,680 23.21 48,280 3 34

4. Special trade contractors 37,380 22.37 46,530 4 44

5. Printing and publishing 36,940 26.11 54,300 5 10

1. Paper and allied products 11,350 29.38 61,100 16 1

2. Holding and other investment offices 960 28.84 59,980 47 2

3. Oil and gas extraction 900 28.80 59,910 48 3

4. Real estate 1,730 28.48 59,250 39 4

5. Coal mining 50 27.96 58,150 65 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. New York $26.49 $55,090 1.340 160 112,180 

2. Georgia 23.51 50,100 48,910 1.306 141 

3. Washington 31,980 22.49 46,780 1.239 224 

4. Alabama 22,380 22.22 46,230 1.224 124 

5. Wisconsin 31,950 23.67 49,240 1.187 119 

1. Connecticut 17,950 28.79 59,880 1.078 110 

2. New Jersey 27.07 40,880 56,310 1.062 159 

3. New York 26.49 112,180 55,090 1.340 160 

4. Minnesota 30,040 26.42 54,960 1.150 109 

5. Massachusetts 30,910 25.98 54,040 .957 139 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Billings, MT MSA 1,300 $18.18 $37,820 1.978 

2. Nassau-Suffolk, NY PMSA 27.06 21,510 56,280 1.816 

3. Victoria, TX MSA 600 20.06 41,720 1.669 

4. Albany, GA MSA 20.50 920 42,640 1.648 

5. Orange County, CA PMSA 26.68 22,900 55,500 1.628 

1. Kenosha, WI PMSA 36.66 520 76,250 1.026 

2. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 34.38 2,630 71,510 1.266 

3. Jersey City, NJ PMSA 32.64 2,480 67,890 .996 

4. San Jose, CA PMSA 30.53 8,820 63,510 .928 

5. Salinas, CA MSA 1,220 30.49 63,430 .802 

Sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers to businesses or groups of individuals. Work requires 

substantial knowledge of items sold.

Industry

41-4012 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except 

technical and scientific products

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Business services 227,760 $9.87 $20,520 1 40

2. Miscellaneous retail 10.24 31,710 21,310 2 35 

3. Communication 24,390 11.93 24,820 3 21

4. Engineering & management services 10.68 18,380 22,220 4 32 

5. Printing and publishing 17,170 10.89 22,650 5 29

1. Oil and gas extraction 30 21.74 45,220 51 1

2. Transportation by air 230 16.88 35,100 40 2

3. Federal, State, and local government 190 16.21 33,710 42 3

4. Rubber and misc. plastics products 130 15.91 33,100 45 4

5. Wholesale trade--durable goods 16,470 15.22 31,650 7 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Iowa $8.32 $17,310 .786 580 11,150 

2. West Virginia 5,410 8.65 17,990 .785 514 

3. North Dakota 2,210 8.24 17,150 .709 447 

4. Nebraska 5,660 8.72 18,140 .642 529 

5. Utah 6,510 10.51 21,860 .622 497 

1. Massachusetts 9,460 13.69 28,470 .293 482 

2. Connecticut 2,870 13.15 27,360 .172 484 

3. Vermont 13.05 280 27,140 .095 318 

4. California 39,650 11.99 24,940 .274 562 

5. Nevada 2,630 11.86 24,670 .254 442 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Cedar Rapids, IA MSA $9.60 $19,970 2.324 2,820

2. Casper, WY MSA 6.62 650 13,780 1.996 

3. Las Cruces, NM MSA 6.04 760 12,570 1.357 

4. San Antonio, TX 9,280 8.07 16,780 1.323 

5. Charleston, WV MSA 9.53 1,650 19,820 1.313 

1. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 22.33 490 46,440 .236 

2. San Jose, CA PMSA 20.19 1,710 42,000 .180 

3. Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA PMSA 18.58 50 38,650 .028 

4. Lowell, MA-NH PMSA 17.44 280 36,280 .225 

5. New Orleans, LA MSA 15.84 1,560 32,950 .260 

41-9041 Telemarketers

Solicit orders for goods or services over the telephone.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Business services 125,120 $13.11 $27,260 1 50

2. Engineering & management services 14.06 124,670 29,250 2 26 

3. Health services 102,590 13.47 28,010 3 42

4. Federal, State, and local government 13.90 101,680 28,910 4 34 

5. Wholesale trade--durable goods 13.58 100,870 28,240 5 41 

1. Security and commodity brokers 14,370 17.50 36,410 33 1

2. Railroad transportation 1,340 16.26 33,830 64 2

3. Metal mining 220 15.74 32,730 69 3

4. Pipelines, except natural gas 100 15.63 32,500 70 4

5. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 10,130 15.50 32,230 39 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. South Dakota $10.25 $21,310 2.169 377 7,850 

2. Vermont 12.84 6,110 26,720 2.072 330 

3. North Dakota 5,700 10.31 21,440 1.828 376 

4. Montana 6,990 10.52 21,870 1.823 395 

5. Wyoming 10.68 4,220 22,220 1.768 325 

1. District of Columbia 4,550 17.67 36,760 .752 244 

2. Connecticut 25,730 15.83 32,920 1.546 398 

3. Alaska 4,350 15.46 32,150 1.556 288 

4. California 191,680 15.32 31,870 1.327 452 

5. New Jersey 15.26 61,380 31,750 1.595 430 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Rapid City, SD MSA 1,080 $10.10 $21,020 2.242 

2. Bellingham, WA MSA 13.23 1,430 27,520 2.192 

3. Missoula, MT MSA 1,040 10.79 22,430 2.103 

4. Chico-Paradise, CA MSA 1,390 12.25 25,480 1.933 

5. Eau Claire, WI MSA 11.43 1,430 23,780 1.930 

1. San Francisco, CA PMSA 13,960 18.48 38,430 1.400 

2. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 18.24 3,860 37,930 1.858 

3. San Jose, CA PMSA 17.89 10,530 37,200 1.108 

4. Oakland, CA PMSA 12,240 17.26 35,890 1.226 

5. New York, NY PMSA 16.46 55,060 34,230 1.357 

43-3031 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks

Compute, classify, and record numerical data to keep financial records complete. Perform any 

combination of routine calculating, posting, and verifying duties to obtain primary financial data for use 

in maintaining accounting records. May also check the accuracy of figures, calculations, and postings 

pertaining to business transactions recorded by other workers. 

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Business services 310,590 $12.05 $25,070 1 49

2. Communications 167,530 16.32 33,950 2 7

3. Depository institutions 134,710 12.17 25,310 3 47

4. Insurance carriers 130,180 13.92 28,950 4 30

5. Insurance agents, brokers, & service 13.66 109,540 28,410 5 36 

1. Pipelines, except natural gas 40 19.06 39,640 67 1

2. Railroad transportation 3,230 17.93 37,290 52 2

3. Transportation equipment 5,100 16.95 35,260 42 3

4. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 46,580 16.81 34,970 15 4

5. Instruments and related products 11,840 16.63 34,600 26 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. South Dakota $10.51 $21,870 2.247 365 8,130 

2. Nebraska 18,760 11.38 23,680 2.129 427 

3. Delaware 14.02 8,370 29,150 2.082 303 

4. Utah 21,340 11.28 23,460 2.038 464 

5. Texas 182,260 12.29 25,560 1.975 466 

1. California 194,970 15.46 32,150 1.350 445 

2. District of Columbia 3,790 15.44 32,110 .627 284 

3. Massachusetts 51,350 15.21 31,640 1.590 419 

4. New York 15.17 116,600 31,550 1.392 441 

5. Alaska 2,000 15.01 31,210 .715 300 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Sioux Falls, SD MSA $10.83 $22,540 4.437 5,020

2. Hagerstown, MD PMSA 10.35 2,590 21,530 4.085 

3. Lubbock, TX MSA 9.41 3,860 19,580 3.288 

4. Jacksonville, FL MSA 11.88 17,390 24,710 3.160 

5. Dallas, TX PMSA 13.62 57,990 28,320 2.989 

1. San Jose, CA PMSA 22.28 13,320 46,340 1.401 

2. San Francisco, CA PMSA 17,350 18.48 38,440 1.740 

3. Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA PMSA 16.78 1,630 34,900 1.730 

4. New York, NY PMSA 16.61 55,790 34,560 1.375 

5. Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ PMSA 16.04 8,540 33,360 1.360 

43-4051 Customer service representatives

Interact with customers to provide information in response to inquiries about products and services and 

to handle and resolve complaints.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Food stores $9.12 $18,970 1 472,980 64 

2. General merchandise stores 8.48 304,850 17,630 2 66 

3. Wholesale trade--nondurable goods 10.79 136,210 22,450 3 48 

4. Wholesale trade--durable goods 11.41 114,490 23,730 4 39 

5. Federal, State, and local government 17.83 111,570 37,100 5 2 

1. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 5,080 19.25 40,050 28 1

2. Federal, State, and local government 111,570 17.83 37,100 5 2

3. Communications 5,050 17.44 36,280 29 3

4. Oil and gas extraction 840 17.36 36,100 49 4

5. Metal mining 160 17.35 36,090 67 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Florida $9.46 $19,670 1.672 605 118,030 

2. Tennessee 9.49 42,380 19,740 1.639 590 

3. Mississippi 17,490 8.70 18,090 1.606 551 

4. Georgia 10.20 57,540 21,220 1.499 568 

5. New Jersey 11.50 57,620 23,920 1.497 559 

1. District of Columbia 2,320 12.93 26,890 .384 329 

2. Alaska 3,380 12.78 26,580 1.209 353 

3. Colorado 22,280 11.69 24,310 1.032 531 

4. Washington 25,140 11.64 24,220 .974 583 

5. Delaware 11.61 5,950 24,150 1.480 380 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Brockton, MA PMSA 2,160 $10.79 $22,450 2.204 

2. Sarasota-Bradenton, FL MSA 9.37 6,080 19,490 2.181 

3. Roanoke, VA MSA 9.47 3,030 19,700 2.167 

4. Erie, PA MSA 12.71 2,610 26,430 2.044 

5. Jacksonville, FL MSA 9.83 11,190 20,450 2.033 

1. Reno, NV MSA 3,060 13.02 27,070 1.573 

2. San Francisco, CA PMSA 9,680 12.98 27,000 .971 

3. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 12.96 2,270 26,960 1.093 

4. Anchorage, AK MSA 12.82 1,390 26,670 1.050 

5. Yolo, CA PMSA 12.80 1,610 26,630 1.807 

43-5081 Stock clerks and order fillers

Receive, store, and issue sales floor merchandise, materials, equipment, and other items from stockroom, 

warehouse, or storage yard to fill shelves, racks, tables, or customers' orders. May mark prices on 

merchandise and set up sales displays.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Educational services 331,660 $12.41 $25,810 1 29

2. Federal, State, and local government 14.27 184,000 29,690 2 12 

3. Health services 175,670 12.14 25,240 3 33

4. Business services 148,980 12.07 25,110 4 37

5. Engineering & management services 13.10 99,640 27,260 5 21 

1. Railroad transportation 1,160 17.36 36,110 63 1

2. Metal mining 130 15.67 32,600 68 2

3. Chemicals and allied products 9,310 15.52 32,280 33 3

4. Security and commodity brokers 16,670 14.88 30,950 19 4

5. Instruments and related products 7,510 14.82 30,820 38 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. District of Columbia 14,580 $16.76 $34,870 2.411 260 

2. Louisiana 42,030 10.11 21,030 2.275 519 

3. New Mexico 10.85 14,810 22,580 2.053 418 

4. Nebraska 17,990 10.37 21,570 2.041 476 

5. Wyoming 9.99 4,530 20,790 1.898 357 

1. District of Columbia 14,580 16.76 34,870 2.411 260 

2. New Jersey 15.52 72,100 32,270 1.874 420 

3. Hawaii 5,990 14.60 30,360 1.118 354 

4. Alaska 3,760 14.50 30,150 1.345 311 

5. Connecticut 28,430 14.40 29,950 1.708 447 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Trenton, NJ PMSA $15.99 $33,270 2.819 5,810

2. Monroe, LA MSA 9.59 1,930 19,940 2.703 

3. Iowa City, IA MSA 14.59 1,660 30,350 2.561 

4. Houma, LA MSA 10.33 1,990 21,480 2.549 

5. Cheyenne, WY MSA 10.73 870 22,330 2.459 

1. San Jose, CA PMSA 16.97 8,720 35,290 .917 

2. San Francisco, CA PMSA 9,900 16.81 34,960 .993 

3. Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ PMSA 16.22 12,080 33,730 1.923 

4. Oakland, CA PMSA 9,400 16.10 33,490 .941 

5. Trenton, NJ PMSA 15.99 5,810 33,270 2.819 

43-6014 Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive

Perform routine clerical and administrative functions such as drafting correspondence, scheduling 

appointments, organizing and maintaining paper and electronic files, or providing information to callers.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Business services 337,810 $10.37 $21,580 1 51

2. Federal, State, and local government 12.32 309,620 25,630 2 10 

3. Health services 286,550 10.79 22,450 3 42

4. Educational services 281,460 10.97 22,810 4 39

5. Wholesale trade--durable goods 11.33 123,380 23,560 5 27 

1. Railroad transportation 10,700 16.46 34,240 44 1

2. Communications 41,190 15.19 31,590 18 2

3. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 18,130 14.60 30,370 32 3

4. Transportation equipment 12,920 14.49 30,130 38 4

5. Metal mining 210 14.23 29,600 68 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. New York $11.79 $24,520 2.878 570 241,000 

2. Minnesota 75,040 11.65 24,220 2.871 553 

3. Delaware 11.16 10,570 23,210 2.629 390 

4. Colorado 56,660 12.08 25,130 2.624 512 

5. Missouri 69,200 10.68 22,220 2.613 538 

1. District of Columbia 10,460 13.24 27,530 1.730 324 

2. Alaska 6,440 13.02 27,090 2.303 347 

3. Massachusetts 58,140 12.62 26,260 1.800 518 

4. Connecticut 31,460 12.47 25,940 1.890 508 

5. Washington 58,890 12.19 25,350 2.282 562 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Yolo, CA PMSA $12.15 $25,260 4.849 4,320

2. Olympia, WA PMSA 11.82 3,680 24,580 4.396 

3. Gainesville, FL MSA 11.23 4,880 23,370 4.108 

4. Bryan-College Station, TX MSA 8.19 2,930 17,040 3.846 

5. Iowa City, IA MSA 13.24 2,370 27,540 3.656 

1. Anchorage, AK MSA 13.48 3,340 28,030 2.523 

2. Iowa City, IA MSA 13.24 2,370 27,540 3.656 

3. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 13.20 4,590 27,460 2.209 

4. Danbury, CT PMSA 13.20 1,170 27,460 1.340 

5. Tallahassee, FL MSA 13.18 4,990 27,420 3.242 

43-9061 Office clerks, general

Perform duties too varied and diverse to be classified in any specific office clerical occupation, requiring 

limited knowledge of office management systems and procedures. Clerical duties may be assigned in 

accordance with the office procedures of individual establishments and may include a combination of 

answering telephones, bookkeeping, typing or word processing, stenography, office machine operation, 

and filing.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Agricultural services $7.10 $14,770 1 18,940 13 

2. Wholesale trade--nondurable goods 8.53 18,920 17,740 2 10 

3. Food and kindred products 9,810 8.87 18,450 3 8

4. Food stores 9.59 4,310 19,950 4 6 

5. Wholesale trade--durable goods 11.13 420 23,160 5 3 

1. Federal, State, and local government 12.83 270 26,690 7 1 

2. Lumber and wood products 260 11.43 23,770 8 2

3. Wholesale trade--durable goods 420 11.13 23,160 5 3

4. Engineering & management services 10.00 - 20,800 - 4

5. Building materials & garden supplies 130 9.68 20,140 9 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Idaho 2,140 $6.93 $14,410 .383 523 

2. Washington 4,240 8.41 17,500 .164 667 

3. South Dakota 530 9.37 19,490 .146 412 

4. North Dakota 430 10.63 22,110 .138 364 

5. Vermont 8.91 320 18,530 .109 464 

1. New Hampshire 11.91 - 24,770 - 421

2. Alaska 70 11.83 24,610 .025 370 

3. Kansas 180 11.21 23,310 .014 474 

4. North Dakota 430 10.63 22,110 .138 364 

5. Iowa 10.56 740 21,960 .052 500 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Yakima, WA MSA $8.09 $16,820 1.891 1,430

2. Bakersfield, CA MSA 7.01 3,410 14,590 1.473 

3. Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA MSA 7.58 1,480 15,780 1.210 

4. Salinas, CA MSA 1,140 7.96 16,550 .749 

5. Fresno, CA MSA 7.15 2,270 14,880 .676 

1. Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, NC MSA 13.98 50 29,070 .008 

2. Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC MSA 13.54 40 28,170 .024 

3. Tulsa, OK MSA 13.18 30 27,410 .008 

4. Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA PMSA 12.50 270 26,010 .020 

5. Columbia, SC MSA 12.30 - 25,590 - 

45-2041 Graders and sorters, agricultural products

Grade, sort, or classify unprocessed food and other agricultural products by size, weight, color, or 

condition.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Agricultural services $8.35 $17,360 1 19,760 11 

2. Wholesale trade--nondurable goods 10.89 2,980 22,650 2 5 

3. Food and kindred products 2,620 9.94 20,680 3 8

4. Trucking and warehousing 250 9.87 20,530 4 9

5. Educational services 170 11.82 24,590 5 4

1. Federal, State, and local government 17.17 80 35,700 8 1 

2. Real estate 30 12.77 26,570 10 2

3. Chemicals and allied products 150 12.77 26,550 6 3

4. Educational services 170 11.82 24,590 5 4

5. Wholesale trade--nondurable goods 2,980 10.89 22,650 2 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Arkansas 660 $8.17 $17,000 .059 540 

2. Iowa 10.86 830 22,600 .059 490 

3. California 7,990 9.20 19,130 .055 661 

4. Texas 4,670 6.71 13,950 .051 688 

5. Arizona 8.12 1,070 16,890 .048 574 

1. Maryland 16.06 40 33,390 .002 350 

2. Indiana 11.97 - 24,890 - 494

3. Michigan 240 11.88 24,710 .005 563 

4. Kansas 390 11.64 24,210 .030 454 

5. Vermont 11.61 40 24,160 .014 379 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Yuma, AZ MSA $7.95 $16,550 .770 390

2. Fresno, CA MSA 7.82 2,160 16,260 .643 

3. Bakersfield, CA MSA 8.46 960 17,610 .415 

4. Pine Bluff, AR MSA 6.07 130 12,630 .379 

5. Salinas, CA MSA 550 11.03 22,950 .362 

1. Montgomery, AL MSA 17.04 - 35,430 - 

2. Peoria-Pekin, IL MSA 15.20 30 31,620 .018 

3. Washington, DC-MD-VA-WV PMSA 13.85 60 28,820 .002 

4. St. Cloud, MN MSA 40 13.64 28,360 .044 

5. Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah, WI MSA 13.53 - 28,150 - 

45-2091 Agricultural equipment operators

Drive and control farm equipment to till soil and to plant, cultivate, and harvest crops. May perform 

tasks, such as crop baling or hay bucking. May operate stationary equipment to perform post-harvest 

tasks, such as husking, shelling, threshing, and ginning.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Agricultural services $7.39 $15,370 1 169,520 23 

2. Wholesale trade--nondurable goods 7.98 12,190 16,590 2 20 

3. Business services 9,700 7.25 15,070 3 24

4. Building materials & garden supplies 6,110 8.22 17,090 4 18

5. Food and kindred products 3,260 9.19 19,120 5 11

1. Federal, State, and local government 13.13 1,000 27,320 9 1 

2. Hotels and other lodging places 10.86 - 22,580 - 2

3. Amusement & recreation services 10.55 - 21,940 - 3

4. Educational services 1,720 10.36 21,560 8 4

5. Museums, botanical, zoological garden 170 10.19 21,200 12 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. California 122,850 $7.51 $15,630 .850 697 

2. New Mexico 6.16 4,650 12,820 .645 573 

3. Arizona 6.70 11,050 13,930 .495 603 

4. Florida 7.20 21,050 14,980 .298 670 

5. Oregon 7.83 3,330 16,290 .214 623 

1. Alaska 40 10.78 22,430 .014 392 

2. Delaware 10.51 80 21,860 .020 405 

3. Rhode Island 10.41 200 21,650 .043 451 

4. Massachusetts 410 10.25 21,310 .013 589 

5. Wyoming 10.23 170 21,290 .071 351 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Yuma, AZ MSA $6.60 $13,730 14.121 7,150

2. Salinas, CA MSA 19,500 8.14 16,940 12.819 

3. Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA MSA 7.66 13,360 15,940 10.926 

4. Bakersfield, CA MSA 6.96 20,470 14,470 8.843 

5. Fresno, CA MSA 7.01 23,260 14,580 6.923 

1. San Francisco, CA PMSA 250 12.35 25,690 .025 

2. Decatur, IL MSA 12.19 - 25,350 - 

3. Wilmington-Newark, DE-MD PMSA 12.16 30 25,300 .010 

4. Dayton-Springfield, OH MSA 11.97 60 24,900 .013 

5. Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, PA MSA 11.58 50 24,080 .014 

Manually plant, cultivate, and harvest vegetables, fruits, nuts, horticultural specialties, and field crops. 

Use hand tools, such as shovels, trowels, hoes, tampers, pruning hooks, shears, and knives. Duties may 

include tilling soil and applying fertilizers; transplanting, weeding, thinning, or pruning crops; applying 

pesticides; cleaning, grading, sorting, packing and loading harvested products. May construct trellises, 

repair fences and farm buildings, or participate in irrigation activities.

Industry

45-2092 Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Agricultural services $8.31 $17,280 1 11,990 17 

2. Wholesale trade--nondurable goods 7.60 7,970 15,810 2 20 

3. Food and kindred products 7,030 9.44 19,640 3 5

4. Amusement & recreation services 8.77 2,560 18,250 4 14 

5. Educational services 880 10.03 20,850 5 4

1. Federal, State, and local government 14.05 530 29,230 6 1 

2. Trucking and warehousing 10.50 - 21,830 - 2

3. Chemicals and allied products 30 10.26 21,330 14 3

4. Educational services 880 10.03 20,850 5 4

5. Food and kindred products 7,030 9.44 19,640 3 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Kentucky $8.87 $18,440 .159 570 2,740 

2. Arkansas 1,660 8.86 18,420 .148 512 

3. Montana 510 7.85 16,330 .133 492 

4. South Carolina 1,910 9.45 19,660 .109 564 

5. Oklahoma 1,210 7.72 16,060 .083 601 

1. Vermont 12.46 40 25,920 .014 351 

2. Connecticut 11.15 - 23,190 - 551

3. Missouri 1,080 10.11 21,020 .041 558 

4. Washington 380 9.87 20,520 .015 637 

5. Maryland 9.82 360 20,420 .015 579 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Lexington, KY MSA $8.78 $18,260 .712 1,820

2. Fresno, CA MSA 6.92 1,200 14,390 .357 

3. Billings, MT MSA 110 7.72 16,060 .167 

4. Ocala, FL MSA 8.98 130 18,690 .159 

5. Modesto, CA MSA 7.45 230 15,500 .149 

1. Memphis, TN-AR-MS MSA 12.32 60 25,620 .011 

2. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 11.80 - 24,550 - 

3. Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ PMSA 11.64 60 24,200 .010 

4. Washington, DC-MD-VA-WV PMSA 11.43 310 23,780 .012 

5. San Francisco, CA PMSA 170 11.39 23,690 .017 

45-2093 Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals

Attend to live farm, ranch, or aquacultural animals that may include cattle, sheep, swine, goats, horses 

and other equines, poultry, finfish, shellfish, and bees. Attend to animals produced for animal products, 

such as meat, fur, skins, feathers, eggs, milk, and honey. Duties may include feeding, watering, herding, 

grazing, castrating, branding, de-beaking, weighing, catching, and loading animals. May maintain 

records on animals; examine animals to detect diseases and injuries; assist in birth deliveries; and 

administer medications, vaccinations, or insecticides as appropriate. May clean and maintain animal 

housing areas. Include workers who shear wool from sheep, and collect eggs in hatcheries.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Lumber and wood products 29,230 $13.02 $27,090 1 4

2. Trucking and warehousing 660 14.92 31,040 2 3

3. Paper and allied products 220 18.77 39,040 3 1

4. Wholesale trade--durable goods 11.10 160 23,090 4 6 

5. Agricultural services 16.53 150 34,390 5 2 

1. Paper and allied products 220 18.77 39,040 3 1

2. Agricultural services 150 16.53 34,390 5 2

3. Trucking and warehousing 660 14.92 31,040 2 3

4. Lumber and wood products 29,230 13.02 27,090 1 4

5. Furniture and fixtures 30 11.52 23,960 6 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Maine $12.05 $25,060 .224 394 1,330 

2. Mississippi 1,840 11.95 24,860 .169 379 

3. Arkansas 1,820 9.94 20,670 .162 470 

4. Idaho 850 18.49 38,460 .152 163 

5. Alabama 2,670 12.08 25,120 .146 430 

1. Alaska 160 19.69 40,960 .057 206 

2. Idaho 850 18.49 38,460 .152 163 

3. Washington 1,990 17.51 36,420 .077 368 

4. Colorado 50 16.84 35,030 .002 316 

5. Oregon 16.66 1,830 34,650 .117 331 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Redding, CA MSA 290 $15.25 $31,720 .456 

2. Olympia, WA PMSA 17.05 160 35,450 .191 

3. Eugene-Springfield, OR MSA 17.54 250 36,480 .184 

4. Jacksonville, NC MSA 60 11.71 24,360 .160 

5. Florence, AL MSA 17.00 70 35,360 .139 

1. Salem, OR PMSA 19.90 60 41,380 .045 

2. Tacoma, WA PMSA 19.32 150 40,180 .065 

3. Yakima, WA MSA 19.00 100 39,520 .132 

4. Eugene-Springfield, OR MSA 17.54 250 36,480 .184 

5. Yuba City, CA MSA 50 17.24 35,850 .130 

45-4022 Logging equipment operators

Drive logging tractor or wheeled vehicle equipped with one or more accessories, such as bulldozer 

blade, frontal shear, grapple, logging arch, cable winches, hoisting rack, or crane boom, to fell tree; to 

skid, load, unload, or stack logs; or to pull stumps or clear brush.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Special trade contractors 186,030 $24.15 $50,230 1 23

2. General building contractors 132,740 24.02 49,950 2 24

3. Heavy construction, ex. building 65,620 23.07 47,980 3 33

4. Federal, State, and local government 21.24 47,900 44,180 4 47 

5. Oil and gas extraction 12,980 24.70 51,380 5 22

1. Printing and publishing 60 30.71 63,880 51 1

2. Local and interurban passenger transit 90 30.29 63,000 49 2

3. Hotels and other lodging places 120 29.01 60,340 43 3

4. Paper and allied products 140 28.80 59,900 42 4

5. Coal mining 4,860 28.72 59,740 10 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Wyoming $22.98 $47,790 .830 70 1,980 

2. Colorado 13,820 24.81 51,600 .640 123 

3. Louisiana 11,350 19.61 40,800 .614 178 

4. Arizona 22.63 13,490 47,060 .605 120 

5. Virginia 20,390 22.63 47,080 .600 175 

1. Alaska 1,290 32.18 66,940 .461 42

2. New Jersey 29.99 12,280 62,380 .319 109 

3. New York 28.99 31,890 60,310 .381 126 

4. Washington 11,840 28.68 59,650 .459 110 

5. California 44,090 28.51 59,300 .305 144 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Fort Myers-Cape Coral, FL MSA $21.56 $44,830 1.106 1,920

2. Lafayette, LA MSA 19.00 1,780 39,530 1.093 

3. Brazoria, TX PMSA 21.49 670 44,700 .903 

4. Houma, LA MSA 19.16 690 39,840 .884 

5. Naples, FL MSA 22.65 930 47,120 .865 

1. New York, NY PMSA 34.17 13,610 71,080 .336 

2. San Jose, CA PMSA 33.27 2,490 69,210 .262 

3. Anchorage, AK MSA 33.26 470 69,180 .355 

4. Bergen-Passaic, NJ PMSA 32.97 1,830 68,570 .290 

5. Newark, NJ PMSA 31.81 2,790 66,170 .290 

Directly supervise and coordinate activities of construction or extraction workers.

Industry

47-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and 

extraction workers

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. General building contractors 394,930 $17.62 $36,640 1 20

2. Special trade contractors 260,370 17.84 37,110 2 17

3. Heavy construction, ex. building 31,500 19.12 39,760 3 8

4. Lumber and wood products 28,790 13.16 27,370 4 56

5. Business services 28,480 15.12 31,440 5 42

1. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 570 22.44 46,670 27 1

2. Communications 80 21.34 44,390 58 2

3. Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels 130 20.65 42,950 50 3

4. Trucking and warehousing 720 20.59 42,820 26 4

5. Petroleum and coal products 270 20.23 42,070 38 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Nevada 13,750 $20.04 $41,690 1.329 211 

2. Utah 12,750 15.35 31,920 1.218 307 

3. Alaska 3,240 22.54 46,890 1.159 166 

4. Arizona 15.52 24,340 32,280 1.091 299 

5. Montana 3,990 14.48 30,120 1.040 253 

1. Hawaii 3,280 24.69 51,350 .612 122 

2. New Jersey 22.71 19,110 47,230 .497 245 

3. Alaska 3,240 22.54 46,890 1.159 166 

4. Illinois 22.07 39,570 45,920 .675 208 

5. Massachusetts 18,420 20.89 43,460 .570 253 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA PMSA $22.42 $46,630 1.929 3,500

2. Riverside-San Bernardino, CA PMSA 19,430 17.78 36,980 1.869 

3. Elkhart-Goshen, IN MSA 17.20 1,760 35,780 1.575 

4. Bremerton, WA PMSA 16.39 1,130 34,080 1.573 

5. Las Vegas, NV-AZ MSA 19.44 10,730 40,440 1.404 

1. Bergen-Passaic, NJ PMSA 26.53 3,130 55,190 .496 

2. San Francisco, CA PMSA 7,820 26.03 54,130 .784 

3. Honolulu, HI MSA 25.37 2,180 52,780 .556 

4. Kankakee, IL PMSA 24.28 280 50,500 .647 

5. Newark, NJ PMSA 23.47 5,150 48,820 .535 

47-2031 Carpenters

Construct, erect, install, or repair structures and fixtures made of wood, such as concrete forms; building 

frameworks, including partitions, joists, studding, and rafters; wood stairways, window and door frames, 

and hardwood floors. May also install cabinets, siding, drywall and batt or roll insulation. Include 

brattice builders who build doors or brattices (ventilation walls or partitions) in underground 

passageways to control the proper circulation of air through the passageways and to the working places.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Special trade contractors 309,740 $13.53 $28,140 1 15

2. Heavy construction, ex. building 209,360 14.27 29,680 2 12

3. General building contractors 192,860 13.28 27,630 3 18

4. Business services 48,650 8.92 18,560 4 44

5. Federal, State, and local government 13.62 35,660 28,330 5 14 

1. Metal mining 50 21.51 44,750 39 1

2. Hotels and other lodging places 120 19.21 39,960 30 2

3. Railroad transportation 220 18.48 38,450 24 3

4. Health services 350 17.25 35,880 20 4

5. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 2,100 16.45 34,220 10 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Wyoming $10.87 $22,600 1.228 318 2,930 

2. New Mexico 9.85 7,930 20,490 1.099 461 

3. Nevada 10,210 14.08 29,280 .987 373 

4. Nebraska 8,650 10.61 22,060 .982 466 

5. Alaska 2,660 19.11 39,750 .951 219 

1. Hawaii 2,810 19.68 40,940 .525 226 

2. Massachusetts 15,980 19.43 40,420 .495 284 

3. Alaska 2,660 19.11 39,750 .951 219 

4. New Jersey 18.91 14,900 39,340 .387 332 

5. New York 18.52 46,620 38,520 .557 334 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Brazoria, TX PMSA $9.65 $20,080 2.008 1,490

2. Lake Charles, LA MSA 10.93 1,470 22,740 1.752 

3. Alexandria, LA MSA 10.62 940 22,100 1.730 

4. Naples, FL MSA 11.27 1,820 23,440 1.692 

5. Pueblo, CO MSA 750 10.48 21,800 1.374 

1. Janesville-Beloit, WI MSA 21.75 280 45,240 .428 

2. Atlantic-Cape May, NJ PMSA 970 21.54 44,800 .535 

3. Jersey City, NJ PMSA 21.43 580 44,580 .233 

4. Boston, MA-NH PMSA 21.29 8,850 44,280 .449 

5. Honolulu, HI MSA 21.25 1,700 44,190 .433 

47-2061 Construction laborers

Perform tasks involving physical labor at building, highway, and heavy construction projects, tunnel and 

shaft excavations, and demolition sites. May operate hand and power tools of all types: air hammers, 

earth tampers, cement mixers, small mechanical hoists, surveying and measuring equipment, and a 

variety of other equipment and instruments. May clean and prepare sites, dig trenches, set braces to 

support the sides of excavations, erect scaffolding, clean up rubble and debris, and remove asbestos, 

lead, and other hazardous waste materials. May assist other craft workers.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Special trade contractors 433,990 $20.81 $43,290 1 24

2. Federal, State, and local government 20.98 28,760 43,640 2 20 

3. Transportation equipment 21,550 24.14 50,220 3 5

4. General building contractors 11,130 18.60 38,690 4 45

5. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 10,850 24.39 50,730 5 3

1. Holding and other investment offices 110 29.16 60,640 50 1

2. Real estate 1,580 24.41 50,760 28 2

3. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 10,850 24.39 50,730 5 3

4. Motion pictures 100 24.33 50,610 51 4

5. Transportation equipment 21,550 24.14 50,220 3 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Alaska 2,180 $24.86 $51,700 .780 121 

2. Wyoming 18.63 1,760 38,750 .738 154 

3. Louisiana 12,680 16.43 34,170 .686 269 

4. Nevada 6,690 22.36 46,500 .647 152 

5. Utah 6,490 18.64 38,770 .620 208 

1. New York 27.76 43,320 57,750 .517 150 

2. Oregon 25.34 8,880 52,710 .570 116 

3. New Jersey 25.20 18,440 52,420 .479 188 

4. Alaska 2,180 24.86 51,700 .780 121 

5. Hawaii 2,160 24.66 51,280 .403 123 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Baton Rouge, LA MSA $14.66 $30,490 1.317 3,840

2. Lake Charles, LA MSA 17.69 1,100 36,790 1.311 

3. Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah, WI MSA 18.96 2,310 39,430 1.193 

4. Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX MSA 17.45 1,640 36,300 1.081 

5. Janesville-Beloit, WI MSA 24.20 670 50,340 1.024 

1. Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA PMSA 34.08 1,410 70,890 .777 

2. Nassau-Suffolk, NY PMSA 32.78 3,620 68,180 .306 

3. Oakland, CA PMSA 5,680 31.00 64,480 .569 

4. New York, NY PMSA 30.35 26,460 63,130 .652 

5. San Francisco, CA PMSA 3,790 30.09 62,580 .380 

47-2111 Electricians

Install, maintain, and repair electrical wiring, equipment, and fixtures. Ensure that work is in 

accordance with relevant codes. May install or service street lights, intercom systems, or electrical 

control systems.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Special trade contractors 308,170 $19.91 $41,420 1 17

2. Heavy construction, ex. building 19,290 18.89 39,290 2 25

3. Federal, State, and local government 18.15 18,520 37,750 3 32 

4. Transportation equipment 14,820 21.40 44,510 4 10

5. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 12,280 20.68 43,010 5 11

1. Apparel and other textile products 50 23.95 49,810 42 1

2. Petroleum and coal products 810 23.03 47,900 22 2

3. Paper and allied products 1,820 22.68 47,170 16 3

4. Railroad transportation 260 22.62 47,050 30 4

5. Chemicals and allied products 3,470 22.53 46,870 11 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Louisiana 11,160 $16.81 $34,970 .604 258 

2. Delaware 21.20 2,280 44,090 .567 147 

3. Wyoming 15.68 1,180 32,610 .494 212 

4. Colorado 10,550 19.05 39,620 .489 250 

5. Alaska 1,340 25.98 54,030 .479 101 

1. Illinois 26.67 19,070 55,470 .325 97 

2. Alaska 1,340 25.98 54,030 .479 101 

3. Oregon 24.40 4,430 50,750 .284 136 

4. Michigan 18,510 24.35 50,640 .417 161 

5. New Jersey 23.72 9,390 49,330 .244 221 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Baton Rouge, LA MSA $17.12 $35,620 1.310 3,820

2. Bremerton, WA PMSA 25.14 840 52,290 1.169 

3. Brazoria, TX PMSA 17.00 830 35,350 1.118 

4. Houma, LA MSA 16.13 810 33,560 1.037 

5. Lake Charles, LA MSA 19.06 870 39,640 1.037 

1. Chicago, IL PMSA 28.85 12,140 60,000 .302 

2. Champaign-Urbana, IL MSA 28.50 410 59,280 .425 

3. San Francisco, CA PMSA 2,050 28.30 58,870 .206 

4. San Jose, CA PMSA 28.20 2,530 58,650 .266 

5. Racine, WI PMSA 27.52 290 57,250 .371 

47-2152 Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters

Assemble, install, alter, and repair pipelines or pipe systems that carry water, steam, air, or other liquids 

or gases. May install heating and cooling equipment and mechanical control systems.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Automotive dealers & service stations $22.30 $46,370 1 56,270 44 

2. Auto repair, services, and parking 50,220 21.42 44,560 2 50

3. Federal, State, and local government 22.75 46,900 47,320 3 37 

4. Wholesale trade--durable goods 23.20 34,190 48,260 4 32 

5. Communications 28,760 27.05 56,260 5 11

1. Coal mining 1,090 33.06 68,760 46 1

2. Security and commodity brokers 70 30.65 63,760 66 2

3. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 18,920 29.51 61,390 7 3

4. Tobacco products 29.40 - 61,160 - 4

5. Petroleum and coal products 1,380 29.38 61,110 44 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Wyoming $22.92 $47,670 .499 74 1,190 

2. Indiana 13,820 22.52 46,840 .483 139 

3. Alabama 8,230 20.54 42,720 .450 156 

4. Arkansas 5,020 19.60 40,760 .448 135 

5. Virginia 14,540 23.94 49,800 .428 152 

1. Alaska 950 30.52 63,480 .340 53

2. New Jersey 27.50 12,380 57,190 .322 146 

3. Connecticut 4,900 26.98 56,130 .294 140 

4. California 38,250 26.13 54,360 .265 180 

5. New York 25.94 28,260 53,960 .337 168 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Steubenville-Weirton, OH-WV MSA $23.30 $48,470 .740 350

2. Bremerton, WA PMSA 27.42 520 57,040 .724 

3. Lafayette, LA MSA 22.08 1,140 45,930 .700 

4. Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX MSA 21.68 940 45,090 .620 

5. Kokomo, IN MSA 26.14 300 54,370 .611 

1. Punta Gorda, FL MSA 30.69 120 63,830 .315 

2. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 30.02 480 62,450 .231 

3. Oakland, CA PMSA 2,860 29.90 62,180 .286 

4. San Francisco, CA PMSA 1,950 29.87 62,130 .196 

5. San Jose, CA PMSA 29.53 2,180 61,430 .229 

Supervise and coordinate the activities of mechanics, installers, and repairers. 

Industry

49-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and 

repairers

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Communications 169,170 $22.17 $46,120 1 7

2. Special trade contractors 12,520 15.01 31,230 2 26

3. Wholesale trade--durable goods 18.45 9,300 38,380 3 18 

4. Business services 5,400 20.27 42,170 4 13

5. Engineering & management services 21.92 2,340 45,600 5 9 

1. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 670 26.44 54,980 11 1

2. Holding and other investment offices 520 24.57 51,100 13 2

3. Printing and publishing 430 24.33 50,610 15 3

4. Chemicals and allied products 60 22.81 47,440 24 4

5. Oil and gas extraction 60 22.72 47,260 25 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Colorado $22.89 $47,600 .313 161 6,750 

2. Washington 6,920 22.74 47,290 .268 218 

3. Arizona 21.35 5,930 44,400 .266 145 

4. New Jersey 24.23 9,950 50,390 .259 207 

5. Oklahoma 3,650 21.46 44,630 .252 111 

1. Alaska 640 27.79 57,800 .229 75

2. Massachusetts 5,100 25.94 53,950 .158 141 

3. New York 25.61 14,480 53,260 .173 177 

4. New Jersey 24.23 9,950 50,390 .259 207 

5. New Hampshire 23.80 660 49,500 .109 104 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Lubbock, TX MSA $18.25 $37,970 .707 830

2. Odessa-Midland, TX MSA 550 19.97 41,530 .535 

3. Burlington, VT MSA 500 21.65 45,020 .462 

4. Colorado Springs, CO MSA 1,050 21.57 44,870 .448 

5. Topeka, KS MSA 19.27 420 40,080 .420 

1. Anchorage, AK MSA 28.47 410 59,220 .310 

2. Syracuse, NY MSA 28.31 270 58,880 .081 

3. Boston, MA-NH PMSA 26.56 3,290 55,250 .167 

4. New York, NY PMSA 26.25 8,160 54,590 .201 

5. Glens Falls, NY MSA 25.91 - 53,890 - 

Set-up, rearrange, or remove switching and dialing equipment used in central offices. Service or repair 

telephones and other Communications equipment on customers' property. May install equipment in new 

locations or install wiring and telephone jacks in buildings under construction.

Industry

49-2022 TeleCommunicationss equipment installers and repairers, except 

line installers

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Automotive dealers & service stations $16.66 $34,640 1 321,060 20 

2. Auto repair, services, and parking 257,180 13.55 28,180 2 48

3. Federal, State, and local government 17.53 35,010 36,460 3 12 

4. Wholesale trade--durable goods 13.83 18,850 28,760 4 44 

5. General merchandise stores 9.76 13,420 20,300 5 54 

1. Museums, botanical, zoological garden 26.37 - 54,840 - 1

2. Amusement & recreation services 3,000 23.32 48,500 14 2

3. Communications 1,350 22.74 47,300 17 3

4. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 3,470 20.86 43,380 10 4

5. Paper and allied products 150 19.61 40,780 42 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. New Hampshire $15.25 $31,710 .737 293 4,460 

2. North Dakota 2,170 13.01 27,060 .696 277 

3. Maine 4,050 12.94 26,910 .683 351 

4. Arizona 15.10 15,030 31,410 .674 308 

5. Alaska 1,860 19.85 41,290 .665 204 

1. Alaska 1,860 19.85 41,290 .665 204 

2. Michigan 21,820 17.55 36,510 .491 333 

3. Colorado 11,550 17.52 36,430 .535 295 

4. Connecticut 9,490 17.22 35,810 .570 357 

5. Nevada 5,040 17.04 35,440 .487 291 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Oakland, CA PMSA 10,880 $14.74 $30,660 1.090 

2. Jacksonville, NC MSA 370 14.60 30,370 .984 

3. Eau Claire, WI MSA 11.62 710 24,170 .958 

4. Enid, OK MSA 200 11.51 23,940 .933 

5. Brockton, MA PMSA 900 16.40 34,110 .918 

1. Bremerton, WA PMSA 21.07 450 43,830 .626 

2. Danbury, CT PMSA 21.02 570 43,730 .653 

3. Detroit, MI PMSA 19.66 9,540 40,900 .465 

4. San Francisco, CA PMSA 3,800 19.56 40,690 .381 

5. Santa Rosa, CA PMSA 1,170 19.40 40,340 .611 

49-3023 Automotive service technicians and mechanics

Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul automotive vehicles. 

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Trucking and warehousing 52,770 $15.38 $31,990 1 43

2. Wholesale trade--durable goods 16.83 34,100 35,000 2 19 

3. Auto repair, services, and parking 32,860 16.12 33,520 3 30

4. Federal, State, and local government 18.73 23,310 38,960 4 10 

5. Educational services 17,430 15.52 32,290 5 40

1. Transportation by air 21.77 6,960 45,290 8 1 

2. Communications 550 21.60 44,940 29 2

3. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 5,050 20.46 42,560 13 3

4. Textile mill products 20.16 - 41,940 - 4

5. Railroad transportation 960 19.75 41,080 22 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Wyoming $16.24 $33,790 .406 197 970 

2. Utah 4,210 15.51 32,270 .402 302 

3. Arkansas 3,760 13.43 27,930 .336 290 

4. North Dakota 1,000 13.99 29,090 .321 248 

5. South Dakota 1,090 13.61 28,300 .301 240 

1. Alaska 740 21.75 45,240 .265 176 

2. Washington 6,470 20.03 41,670 .251 307 

3. Hawaii 820 19.98 41,550 .153 220 

4. Nevada 1,660 19.26 40,060 .160 239 

5. New Jersey 19.23 6,820 40,000 .177 324 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Casper, WY MSA $16.70 $34,730 .737 240

2. Albany, GA MSA 13.91 390 28,920 .698 

3. Green Bay, WI MSA 15.43 860 32,090 .610 

4. Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR MSA 13.20 930 27,460 .594 

5. Hamilton-Middletown, OH PMSA 17.57 740 36,540 .585 

1. Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA PMSA 22.54 - 46,890 - 

2. New York, NY PMSA 22.37 5,210 46,530 .128 

3. Anchorage, AK MSA 22.30 370 46,390 .280 

4. San Francisco, CA PMSA 710 21.87 45,490 .071 

5. Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA PMSA 21.86 3,240 45,470 .243 

49-3031 Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists

Diagnose, adjust, repair, or overhaul trucks, buses, and all types of diesel engines. Include mechanics 

working primarily with automobile diesel engines.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Real estate 194,100 $11.95 $24,860 1 63

2. Federal, State, and local government 15.38 129,980 31,980 2 28 

3. Educational services 82,460 14.20 29,540 3 40

4. Health services 60,090 13.29 27,650 4 48

5. Hotels and other lodging places 58,370 11.60 24,120 5 66

1. Pipelines, except natural gas 510 21.14 43,970 66 1

2. Transportation equipment 24,690 20.16 41,940 13 2

3. Communications 10,610 19.79 41,170 28 3

4. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 17,220 19.63 40,830 21 4

5. Petroleum and coal products 2,930 19.28 40,110 54 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. South Carolina 23,470 $14.30 $29,740 1.342 324 

2. Alaska 3,450 19.62 40,800 1.234 210 

3. Mississippi 13,310 12.25 25,480 1.222 359 

4. Arkansas 13,640 12.68 26,370 1.217 319 

5. Kentucky 14.09 21,010 29,300 1.217 334 

1. Alaska 3,450 19.62 40,800 1.234 210 

2. District of Columbia 3,450 17.38 36,160 .571 249 

3. New Jersey 17.05 31,830 35,460 .827 376 

4. Connecticut 11,800 16.80 34,950 .709 367 

5. Illinois 16.51 55,360 34,350 .944 361 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Pine Bluff, AR MSA $15.37 $31,970 1.952 670

2. Terre Haute, IN MSA 14.02 1,170 29,170 1.765 

3. Rocky Mount, NC MSA 1,020 14.42 29,990 1.667 

4. Victoria, TX MSA 590 10.47 21,770 1.641 

5. Gadsden, AL MSA 14.89 560 30,970 1.530 

1. Anchorage, AK MSA 19.47 1,220 40,490 .922 

2. Bloomington-Normal, IL MSA 18.95 1,140 39,410 1.359 

3. Oakland, CA PMSA 7,530 18.48 38,440 .754 

4. Rockford, IL MSA 17.99 1,690 37,430 1.011 

5. Danbury, CT PMSA 17.91 700 37,250 .802 

49-9042 Maintenance and repair workers, general

Perform work involving the skills of two or more maintenance or craft occupations to keep machines, 

mechanical equipment, or the structure of an establishment in repair. Duties may involve pipe fitting; 

boiler making; insulating; welding; machining; carpentry; repairing electrical or mechanical equipment; 

installing, aligning, and balancing new equipment; and repairing buildings, floors, or stairs.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Industrial machinery and equipment 62,530 $23.54 $48,970 1 16

2. Fabricated metal products 56,760 21.40 44,520 2 33

3. Food and kindred products 53,460 19.90 41,400 3 43

4. Transportation equipment 47,500 24.07 50,060 4 13

5. Electronic & other electrical equipment 22.00 42,570 45,750 5 28 

1. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 13,830 31.26 65,020 22 1

2. Communications 800 30.72 63,890 50 2

3. Coal mining 860 29.83 62,040 48 3

4. Pipelines, except natural gas 410 29.03 60,380 55 4

5. Oil and gas extraction 3,310 27.60 57,420 33 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Indiana 27,790 $20.93 $43,520 .972 169 

2. Arkansas 9,480 17.93 37,290 .846 168 

3. Wisconsin 22,050 22.29 46,360 .819 152 

4. Iowa 20.10 11,530 41,810 .813 156 

5. Ohio 43,870 21.61 44,950 .811 173 

1. Alaska 530 28.82 59,950 .190 63

2. Connecticut 10,310 25.41 52,850 .619 156 

3. Michigan 34,410 25.20 52,410 .775 137 

4. New Jersey 24.90 20,190 51,790 .525 194 

5. Delaware 24.02 2,130 49,960 .530 110 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Elkhart-Goshen, IN MSA $19.19 $39,920 1.906 2,130

2. Sheboygan, WI MSA 19.70 1,090 40,970 1.853 

3. Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC MSA 17.76 2,530 36,930 1.504 

4. Danville, VA MSA 17.91 630 37,250 1.425 

5. Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA MSA 25.54 980 53,120 1.413 

1. Stamford-Norwalk, CT PMSA 29.10 850 60,530 .409 

2. San Jose, CA PMSA 28.38 5,290 59,030 .556 

3. Bremerton, WA PMSA 27.81 340 57,850 .473 

4. Flint, MI PMSA 27.80 1,040 57,820 .638 

5. Detroit, MI PMSA 27.71 15,830 57,630 .771 

Supervise and coordinate the activities of production and operating workers, such as inspectors, 

precision workers, machine setters and operators, assemblers, fabricators, and plant and system 

operators. 

Industry

51-1011 First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating 

workers

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Transportation equipment 171,780 $14.84 $30,870 1 2

2. Industrial machinery and equipment 135,790 12.38 25,740 2 6

3. Electronic & other electrical equipment 10.99 126,160 22,860 3 24 

4. Fabricated metal products 104,120 11.28 23,460 4 20

5. Wholesale trade--durable goods 11.08 77,620 23,050 5 22 

1. Communications 990 15.62 32,480 28 1

2. Transportation equipment 171,780 14.84 30,870 1 2

3. Petroleum and coal products 760 13.39 27,860 30 3

4. Membership organizations 70 13.04 27,120 37 4

5. Engineering & management services 2,270 13.03 27,110 25 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Indiana 70,880 $12.31 $25,610 2.480 475 

2. Tennessee 11.96 48,430 24,870 1.873 468 

3. Arkansas 20,140 10.06 20,930 1.797 463 

4. Iowa 12.92 25,140 26,870 1.772 387 

5. Wisconsin 46,770 12.09 25,150 1.737 491 

1. Kentucky 15.42 28,760 32,080 1.666 289 

2. Michigan 69,950 14.19 29,520 1.575 459 

3. South Carolina 24,380 13.07 27,190 1.394 384 

4. Iowa 12.92 25,140 26,870 1.772 387 

5. Connecticut 12,050 12.47 25,950 .724 507 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Elkhart-Goshen, IN MSA $13.91 $28,930 10.076 11,260

2. Racine, WI PMSA 12.19 3,880 25,350 4.969 

3. Clarksville-Hopkinsville, TN-KY MSA 14.12 2,950 29,380 4.557 

4. Fort Smith, AR-OK MSA 11.51 3,650 23,940 3.696 

5. Lafayette, IN MSA 14.28 3,170 29,700 3.693 

1. Peoria-Pekin, IL MSA 19.84 2,260 41,270 1.392 

2. Cedar Rapids, IA MSA 18.86 1,190 39,240 .981 

3. Rockford, IL MSA 16.66 3,960 34,660 2.369 

4. Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA MSA 16.55 1,710 34,430 2.465 

5. Detroit, MI PMSA 16.46 29,850 34,230 1.455 

51-2092 Team assemblers

Work as part of a team having responsibility for assembling an entire product or component of a 

product. Team assemblers can perform all tasks conducted by the team in the assembly process and 

rotate through all or most of them rather than being assigned to a specific task on a permanent basis. 

May participate in making management decisions affecting the work. Team leaders who work as part of 

the team should be included.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Industrial machinery and equipment 150,980 $15.89 $33,040 1 27

2. Fabricated metal products 44,300 15.40 32,040 2 33

3. Transportation equipment 36,690 16.89 35,120 3 21

4. Wholesale trade--durable goods 14.08 27,520 29,280 4 39 

5. Business services 18,080 11.36 23,620 5 46

1. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 1,630 26.12 54,340 24 1

2. Amusement & recreation services 240 24.77 51,520 35 2

3. Tobacco products 190 22.59 46,990 37 3

4. Transportation by air 1,330 21.81 45,370 26 4

5. Coal mining 100 21.36 44,430 42 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Michigan 23,630 $16.16 $33,620 .532 379 

2. Wisconsin 14,240 16.70 34,740 .529 310 

3. Connecticut 8,680 16.75 34,850 .521 368 

4. Ohio 27,940 15.80 32,870 .517 362 

5. Indiana 14,040 15.64 32,540 .491 339 

1. Hawaii 300 21.67 45,080 .056 182 

2. Alaska 310 21.28 44,250 .111 181 

3. District of Columbia 150 19.95 41,490 .025 209 

4. Washington 5,860 18.76 39,020 .227 342 

5. New Mexico 17.91 1,120 37,260 .155 185 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. York, PA MSA $17.43 $36,260 1.297 2,140

2. Lafayette, IN MSA 18.00 1,090 37,440 1.270 

3. Decatur, AL MSA 13.05 620 27,130 1.111 

4. Rockford, IL MSA 15.85 1,670 32,970 .999 

5. Anniston, AL MSA 14.89 450 30,980 .996 

1. Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA PMSA 23.15 480 48,150 .264 

2. Bremerton, WA PMSA 23.09 190 48,020 .264 

3. Anchorage, AK MSA 22.41 90 46,620 .068 

4. Honolulu, HI MSA 22.07 260 45,900 .066 

5. San Jose, CA PMSA 21.27 3,370 44,230 .355 

51-4041 Machinists

Set up and operate a variety of machine tools to produce precision parts and instruments. Include 

precision instrument makers who fabricate, modify, or repair mechanical instruments. May also 

fabricate and modify parts to make or repair machine tools or maintain industrial machines, applying 

knowledge of mechanics, shop mathematics, metal properties, layout, and machining procedures.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Electronic & other electrical equipment $13.41 $27,890 1 48,100 32 

2. Transportation equipment 47,800 18.84 39,200 2 6

3. Business services 42,140 10.78 22,420 3 52

4. Industrial machinery and equipment 38,410 15.13 31,460 4 24

5. Fabricated metal products 32,550 14.15 29,440 5 29

1. Pipelines, except natural gas 170 23.23 48,320 50 1

2. Communications 1,480 23.12 48,090 31 2

3. Transportation by air 1,130 23.09 48,020 34 3

4. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 3,940 23.03 47,900 24 4

5. Federal, State, and local government 18,200 21.78 45,300 12 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Indiana 19,730 $14.85 $30,880 .690 374 

2. Arkansas 7,650 11.70 24,330 .683 372 

3. South Carolina 11,600 12.93 26,900 .663 392 

4. Michigan 27,910 17.65 36,710 .628 329 

5. North Carolina 23,300 11.64 24,210 .625 492 

1. Alaska 310 20.89 43,460 .111 189 

2. District of Columbia 260 20.74 43,140 .043 199 

3. Hawaii 310 18.59 38,660 .058 246 

4. Michigan 27,910 17.65 36,710 .628 329 

5. Delaware 16.00 1,160 33,270 .289 250 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Lawrence, MA-NH PMSA $17.54 $36,490 1.271 1,990

2. Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, NC MSA 11.15 2,010 23,180 1.195 

3. Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC MSA 12.68 4,840 26,380 1.062 

4. Terre Haute, IN MSA 14.99 670 31,180 1.011 

5. Rocky Mount, NC MSA 610 11.15 23,200 .997 

1. Flint, MI PMSA 22.28 830 46,340 .509 

2. Bremerton, WA PMSA 22.09 220 45,940 .306 

3. Bloomington-Normal, IL MSA 20.45 270 42,540 .322 

4. Ann Arbor, MI PMSA 20.37 2,100 42,370 .735 

5. Honolulu, HI MSA 20.23 230 42,080 .059 

51-9061 Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers

Inspect, test, sort, sample, or weigh nonagricultural raw materials or processed, machined, fabricated, 

or assembled parts or products for defects, wear, and deviations from specifications. May use precision 

measuring instruments and complex test equipment.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 Wage rank3

1. Business services 107,750 $8.19 $17,030 1 49

2. Food and kindred products 53,750 10.61 22,070 2 19

3. Fabricated metal products 36,600 9.59 19,940 3 35

4. Paper and allied products 32,050 11.34 23,590 4 10

5. Printing and publishing 28,350 10.08 20,960 5 26

1. Coal mining 640 19.92 41,440 39 1

2. Tobacco products 1,890 14.31 29,770 24 2

3. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 1,290 13.52 28,110 30 3

4. Federal, State, and local government 1,410 13.00 27,040 29 4

5. Heavy construction, ex. building 1,250 12.88 26,800 32 5

Employment

Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Arkansas $9.26 $19,250 .826 494 9,250 

2. Tennessee 9.84 16,430 20,470 .636 578 

3. Illinois 8.92 35,290 18,560 .602 656 

4. Georgia 9.00 21,540 18,710 .561 609 

5. Wisconsin 15,080 10.77 22,390 .560 546 

1. Alaska 110 14.42 30,000 .039 315 

2. Kentucky 11.71 8,090 24,360 .469 454 

3. Maryland 11.30 5,250 23,510 .216 520 

4. West Virginia 1,930 10.97 22,820 .280 406 

5. Washington 6,400 10.97 22,810 .248 603 

Employment 

Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Fort Smith, AR-OK MSA $7.73 $16,070 2.146 2,120

2. Decatur, AL MSA 11.29 810 23,480 1.452 

3. Waco, TX MSA 8.39 1,240 17,450 1.323 

4. Rocky Mount, NC MSA 760 8.70 18,100 1.242 

5. Pine Bluff, AR MSA 10.99 400 22,860 1.165 

1. Anchorage, AK MSA 15.80 50 32,870 .038 

2. Steubenville-Weirton, OH-WV MSA 14.61 230 30,390 .487 

3. Pittsfield, MA MSA 170 14.11 29,340 .409 

4. Roanoke, VA MSA 13.87 350 28,860 .250 

5. Kalamazoo-Battle Creek, MI MSA 13.71 510 28,530 .252 

51-9198 Helpers--production workers

Help production workers by performing duties of lesser skill. Duties include supplying or holding 

materials or tools, and cleaning work area and equipment. 

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 Wage rank3

1. Trucking and warehousing 775,020 $17.10 $35,570 1 16

2. Wholesale trade--nondurable goods 16.17 145,360 33,630 2 20 

3. Stone, clay, and glass products 71,480 14.41 29,980 3 46

4. Wholesale trade--durable goods 14.46 64,970 30,090 4 44 

5. Heavy construction, ex. building 49,490 15.32 31,860 5 34

1. Communications 500 20.99 43,650 48 1

2. Motion pictures 170 19.74 41,070 57 2

3. Miscellaneous manufacturing industries 930 19.70 40,990 44 3

4. Transportation by air 23,120 19.59 40,750 11 4

5. Amusement & recreation services 340 19.46 40,470 51 5

Employment

Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Arkansas $15.09 $31,400 2.850 240 31,930 

2. Nebraska 23,520 15.75 32,760 2.669 245 

3. Tennessee 16.58 60,010 34,490 2.321 269 

4. Wyoming 14.69 5,150 30,550 2.158 227 

5. North Dakota 6,210 14.35 29,850 1.991 237 

1. Alaska 2,390 20.19 41,990 .855 198 

2. Massachusetts 23,830 18.09 37,620 .738 328 

3. New Jersey 17.73 41,270 36,880 1.072 359 

4. Illinois 17.72 73,770 36,860 1.259 322 

5. Connecticut 12,330 17.71 36,830 .741 345 

Employment 

Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Joplin, MO MSA 4,270 $17.60 $36,620 5.774 

2. Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR MSA 16.24 8,650 33,790 5.529 

3. Chattanooga, TN-GA MSA 18.50 12,010 38,480 5.433 

4. Laredo, TX MSA 15.11 2,460 31,420 3.476 

5. Cedar Rapids, IA MSA 18.20 3,950 37,850 3.255 

1. Gainesville, FL MSA 23.07 710 48,000 .598 

2. Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, PA MSA 20.24 6,250 42,100 1.792 

3. Champaign-Urbana, IL MSA 19.90 - 41,400 - 

4. New York, NY PMSA 19.59 14,060 40,740 .347 

5. Lowell, MA-NH PMSA 19.46 1,120 40,480 .902 

53-3032 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer

Drive a tractor-trailer combination or a truck with a capacity of at least 26,000 GVW, to transport and 

deliver goods, livestock, or materials in liquid, loose, or packaged form. May be required to unload 

truck. May require use of automated routing equipment. Requires commercial drivers' license.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 Wage rank3

1. Transportation by air $17.77 $36,970 1 152,960 1 

2. Trucking and warehousing 123,960 13.86 28,830 2 10

3. Wholesale trade--durable goods 10.67 114,010 22,200 3 55 

4. Wholesale trade--nondurable goods 11.98 106,190 24,910 4 29 

5. Business services 64,410 11.07 23,030 5 46

1. Transportation by air 17.77 152,960 36,970 1 1 

2. Railroad transportation 890 17.44 36,270 47 2

3. Coal mining 180 16.38 34,060 61 3

4. Transportation services 13,830 15.91 33,100 15 4

5. Electric, gas, and sanitary services 2,750 15.18 31,570 32 5

Employment

Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Virginia 34,880 $10.62 $22,090 1.026 579 

2. Kentucky 10.67 16,190 22,190 .938 506 

3. Idaho 5,160 10.44 21,720 .925 421 

4. Georgia 12.62 34,970 26,260 .911 437 

5. New Jersey 13.55 34,490 28,190 .896 485 

1. Massachusetts 23,620 14.42 29,990 .731 453 

2. Illinois 14.30 50,060 29,740 .854 443 

3. Maryland 13.78 21,100 28,670 .869 429 

4. Alaska 1,890 13.58 28,250 .676 333 

5. New Jersey 13.55 34,490 28,190 .896 485 

Employment 

Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Roanoke, VA MSA $10.04 $20,880 1.989 2,780

2. Yolo, CA PMSA 16.51 1,520 34,340 1.706 

3. Redding, CA MSA 1,060 11.68 24,290 1.667 

4. Richmond-Petersburg, VA MSA 10.20 8,850 21,220 1.643 

5. Topeka, KS MSA 9.57 1,590 19,900 1.591 

1. Yolo, CA PMSA 16.51 1,520 34,340 1.706 

2. Worcester, MA-CT PMSA 15.69 2,820 32,630 1.225 

3. Jersey City, NJ PMSA 15.69 3,910 32,630 1.570 

4. Champaign-Urbana, IL MSA 15.15 1,130 31,510 1.170 

5. Springfield, IL MSA 15.12 800 31,450 .727 

53-3033 Truck drivers, light or delivery services

Drive a truck or van with a capacity of under 26,000 GVW, primarily to deliver or pick up merchandise 

or to deliver packages within a specified area. May require use of automatic routing or location 

software. May load and unload truck.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Trucking and warehousing 74,230 $12.88 $26,790 1 27

2. Wholesale trade--nondurable goods 12.80 57,150 26,620 2 29 

3. Wholesale trade--durable goods 13.03 51,550 27,090 3 24 

4. Food and kindred products 46,140 13.00 27,040 4 26

5. Business services 33,280 10.95 22,780 5 53

1. Water transportation 8,590 20.17 41,950 22 1

2. Real estate 360 19.16 39,860 47 2

3. Coal mining 1,680 18.36 38,190 38 3

4. Transportation equipment 16,940 17.70 36,810 11 4

5. Hotels and other lodging places 130 16.14 33,580 54 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. Tennessee $12.15 $25,280 .773 456 19,990 

2. Indiana 21,610 13.39 27,860 .756 419 

3. Arkansas 8,220 11.16 23,210 .734 401 

4. Georgia 11.70 27,350 24,350 .713 485 

5. Iowa 12.48 9,660 25,960 .681 418 

1. Michigan 25,410 16.90 35,140 .572 348 

2. Alaska 430 16.57 34,470 .154 264 

3. Wyoming 16.56 1,110 34,450 .465 191 

4. Hawaii 1,530 14.81 30,810 .286 348 

5. District of Columbia 250 14.71 30,600 .041 295 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Danville, VA MSA $11.24 $23,380 1.267 560

2. Stockton-Lodi, CA MSA 14.43 2,420 30,010 1.226 

3. Pine Bluff, AR MSA 11.38 410 23,660 1.194 

4. Yakima, WA MSA 11.48 900 23,880 1.190 

5. Kankakee, IL PMSA 13.29 490 27,640 1.133 

1. Flint, MI PMSA 22.34 1,190 46,460 .730 

2. Detroit, MI PMSA 18.73 12,540 38,960 .611 

3. Ann Arbor, MI PMSA 18.23 1,150 37,920 .402 

4. Saginaw-Bay City-Midland, MI MSA 17.96 580 37,360 .337 

5. Lansing-East Lansing, MI MSA 17.71 820 36,840 .379 

53-7051 Industrial truck and tractor operators

Operate industrial trucks or tractors equipped to move materials around a warehouse, storage yard, 

factory, construction site, or similar location.

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Business services 419,810 $8.37 $17,410 1 65

2. Wholesale trade--durable goods 10.43 197,810 21,700 2 37 

3. Wholesale trade--nondurable goods 10.39 194,910 21,610 3 38 

4. Trucking and warehousing 151,600 11.75 24,430 4 18

5. Transportation by air 11.76 136,500 24,460 5 17 

1. Coal mining 1,840 17.68 36,770 56 1

2. Metal mining 390 16.89 35,140 63 2

3. Pipelines, except natural gas 310 15.62 32,490 64 3

4. Transportation equipment 22,440 14.95 31,090 20 4

5. Railroad transportation 4,760 14.36 29,870 49 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. West Virginia 19,570 $7.99 $16,630 2.841 538 

2. Tennessee 9.93 60,680 20,660 2.347 576 

3. Alabama 41,950 9.24 19,220 2.295 555 

4. Arkansas 25,340 8.91 18,540 2.262 509 

5. Mississippi 23,780 8.78 18,260 2.183 548 

1. Alaska 4,620 13.32 27,690 1.652 339 

2. Hawaii 5,260 12.66 26,340 .982 401 

3. Delaware 12.11 5,200 25,200 1.294 371 

4. Michigan 66,930 11.99 24,940 1.507 558 

5. Massachusetts 39,740 11.69 24,310 1.230 544 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Yolo, CA PMSA $12.46 $25,910 4.826 4,300

2. Laredo, TX MSA 7.99 3,170 16,610 4.480 

3. Jersey City, NJ PMSA 9.48 9,730 19,710 3.907 

4. Hamilton-Middletown, OH PMSA 10.57 4,870 21,980 3.851 

5. Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ PMSA 10.29 21,890 21,400 3.485 

1. Saginaw-Bay City-Midland, MI MSA 14.81 1,800 30,800 1.046 

2. Anchorage, AK MSA 13.50 2,250 28,080 1.700 

3. Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, PA MSA 13.26 7,350 27,590 2.107 

4. Gary, IN PMSA 13.05 5,190 27,140 2.065 

5. Flint, MI PMSA 13.04 2,070 27,120 1.269 

53-7062 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand

Manually move freight, stock, or other materials or perform other unskilled general labor. Include all 

unskilled manual laborers not elsewhere classified. 

Industry

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Employment and Wages for Selected Occupations by Industry, State, and MSA, 

2001 - Continued

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Employment 

rank2 

Wage rank3

1. Food stores $7.16 $14,890 1 268,010 52 

2. Business services 171,030 7.74 16,100 2 48

3. Food and kindred products 88,790 9.60 19,960 3 22

4. Wholesale trade--nondurable goods 9.11 71,230 18,940 4 30 

5. Rubber and misc. plastics products 34,870 9.76 20,300 5 20

1. Federal, State, and local government 16.20 1,590 33,690 33 1 

2. Water transportation 460 12.60 26,220 39 2

3. Heavy construction, ex. building 12.33 - 25,650 - 3

4. Transportation equipment 4,740 11.38 23,670 29 4

5. Stone, clay, and glass products 12,560 11.19 23,280 15 5

Employment Hourly mean 

wage

Annual mean 

wage

Percent of 

State 

employment

Wage rank 

within State5

1. New Jersey $8.49 $17,660 1.205 629 46,390 

2. Tennessee 8.50 27,100 17,680 1.048 616 

3. Indiana 28,430 9.09 18,920 .995 612 

4. Wisconsin 26,520 9.48 19,710 .985 590 

5. Ohio 52,070 8.93 18,570 .963 638 

1. Delaware 10.21 2,230 21,230 .555 414 

2. Oregon 9.51 10,410 19,780 .668 590 

3. Wisconsin 26,520 9.48 19,710 .985 590 

4. Pennsylvania 9.33 48,080 19,410 .868 628 

5. Massachusetts 20,050 9.18 19,080 .621 622 

Employment Hourly mean 

wage 

Annual mean 

wage 

Percent of 

MSA 

employment

1. Yakima, WA MSA $7.96 $16,560 2.644 2,000

2. Jersey City, NJ PMSA 7.75 5,710 16,110 2.293 

3. Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton, NJ PMSA 10.01 1,290 20,830 2.204 

4. York, PA MSA 9.19 3,410 19,120 2.067 

5. Sarasota-Bradenton, FL MSA 6.88 5,510 14,300 1.977 

1. Kokomo, IN MSA 12.91 460 26,850 .937 

2. Steubenville-Weirton, OH-WV MSA 12.18 330 25,340 .698 

3. Lincoln, NE MSA 11.98 860 24,920 .591 

4. Yolo, CA PMSA 11.83 1,240 24,610 1.392 

5. Green Bay, WI MSA 11.64 1,680 24,210 1.191 

MSAs with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 6

Top paying MSAs for this occupation

States with the highest concentration of workers in this occupation 4

Top paying States for this occupation

 MSA 

Top industries by employment for this occupation

Top paying industries for this occupation

State

53-7064 Packers and packagers, hand

Pack or package by hand a wide variety of products and materials.

Industry

See footnotes at end of table.
1

1

This table shows occupational employment and wage estimates

for 10 industries—the 5 with the highest employment and the 5 with

the highest wages for a given occupation. Industries are shown at the

two-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code level. Data for

industries are available at the three-digit SIC code level. 2

Employment rank refers to the industry’s occupational employment estimate relative to that of other industries. In other words, the

industry with employment rank 1 has the largest number of workers in

this occupation; that with employment rank 2 has the second largest,

and so forth. Most occupations are not found in all industries. Some

occupations occur in only one or a few industries. 3

 Wage rank refers to the industry’s occupational wage estimate

relative to other industries’ wages for the same occupation. In other

words, the industry with wage rank 1 is the highest paying industry for

this occupation; that with wage rank 2 is the second highest paying,

and so forth. 4

These are the States with the highest percentages of workers in

the occupation. The percent of employment is calculated by dividing

the State employment for the detailed occupation by the total State

employment for all occupations. 5

Wage rank within State refers to an occupation’s wage estimate

relative to those of other occupations in the same State. In other

words, an occupation with wage rank within State of 1 is the highest

paying occupation in the State. 6

These are the Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) with the

highest percentages of workers in the occupation. The percent of

workers is calculated by dividing the MSA employment for the detailed occupation by the total MSA employment for all occupations.

Table 2. Industry, State, and MSA data for selected occupations, 2001—Continued
1

[Footnotes for formal table 2]

Table 2. Industry, State, and MSA data for 

selected occupations, 2001--Continued 

____________________________________________________________ 

1

This table shows occupational employment and wage estimates 

for 10 industries--the 5 with the highest employment and the 

5 with the highest wages for a given occupation. Industries 

are shown at the two-digit Standard Industrial 

Classification (SIC) code level. Data for industries are 

available at the three-digit SIC code level. 

2

Employment rank refers to the industry’s occupational 

employment estimate relative to that of other industries. 

In other words, the industry with employment rank 1 has the 

largest number of workers in this occupation; that with 

employment rank 2 has the second largest, and so forth. 

Most occupations are not found in all industries. Some 

occupations occur in only one or a few industries. 

3

 Wage rank refers to the industry’s occupational wage 

estimate relative to other industries’ wages for the same 

occupation. In other words, the industry with wage rank 1 

is the highest paying industry for this occupation; that 

with wage rank 2 is the second highest paying, and so forth. 

4

These are the States with the highest percentages of 

workers in the occupation. The percent of employment is 
2

calculated by dividing the State employment for the detailed 

occupation by the total State employment for all 

occupations. 

5

Wage rank within State refers to an occupation’s wage 

estimate relative to those of other occupations in the same 

State. In other words, an occupation with wage rank within 

State of 1 is the highest paying occupation in the State. 

6

These are the Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) with 

the highest percentages of workers in the occupation. The 

percent of workers is calculated by dividing the MSA 

employment for the detailed occupation by the total MSA 

employment for all occupations. 
157

Appendix A. The Standard

Occupational Classification

System

I

n 2000, the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey fully implemented the U.S. Office of Management and

Budget’s (OMB) new occupational classification system—

the Standard Occupational Classification System (SOC). The

SOC is a response to a growing need for a universal occupational classification system that permits government agencies and private industry to produce comparable data.

Users of occupational data from the OES survey include

government program managers, industrial and labor relations

practitioners, students considering career training, job seekers, vocational training schools, and employers wishing to

set salary scales or locate a new plant. OMB requires all

Federal statistical agencies collecting occupational data to

use the SOC. The new classification system is designed to

cover all occupations in which work is performed for pay or

profit, reflecting the current occupational structure in the

United States.

The OES survey uses 22 of the 23 major occupational

groups from the SOC to categorize workers who work for pay

in one of 770 detailed occupations. The major group excluded is military occupations, which are not covered in the

OES survey.

Description of the SOC structure

The SOC is an empirically based, economywide occupational

classification system. The occupations are identified by

codes and titles, and by definitions that describe primary job

duties. The skill level required for some of the occupations

is implicit in the definition. The classification system emphasizes occupations of special interest to many data users,

such as technology-related occupations and those requiring substantial training.

The SOC system has four levels of classification: Major

group, minor group, broad occupation, and detailed occupation. Occupation codes consist of six digits, with a hyphen

between the second and third digits for presentation clarity.

The first two digits represent the major group; the third, the

minor group; and the fourth and fifth, the broad occupation.

The last digit, along with the preceding five, identifies the

detailed occupation.

Major group codes end with 0000 (for example, 33-0000,

Protective Service Occupations), minor groups end with 000

(33-2000, Fire Fighting Workers), and broad occupations end

with 0 (33-2020, Fire Inspectors). All residuals (“Other,” “Miscellaneous,” or “All Other”), whether at the detailed or broad

occupation or minor group level, will contain a 9 at the level

of the residual. Detailed residual occupations will end in 9

(for example, 33-9199, Protective Service Workers, All Other);

broad occupations that are minor group residuals will end in

90 (33-9190, Miscellaneous Protective Service Workers); and

minor groups that are major group residuals will end in 9000

(33-9000, Other Protective Service Workers).

There are residual categories within the various levels of

the system to permit the reporting of occupations not identified at the detailed level. The following sections examine the

first level of the system (major group), as well as the residual

occupational categories.

Major groups

The major groups and numbers of detailed occupations of

the SOC surveyed in the OES program in 2001 are as follows:

 Total ............................................ 770

11-0000 Management ................................... 30

13-0000 Business and financial operations.. 28

15-0000 Computer and mathematical .......... 16

17-0000 Architecture and engineering ......... 35

19-0000 Life, physical, and social science... 39

21-0000 Community and social services ..... 14

23-0000 Legal ................................................ 9

25-0000 Education, training, and library ....... 58

27-0000 Arts, design, entertainment, sports,

 and media ....................................... 37

29-0000 Healthcare practitioner and

 technical ........................................ 46

31-0000 Healthcare support ......................... 15

33-0000 Protective service ........................... 20

35-0000 Food preparation and serving

 related ........................................... 16

37-0000 Building and grounds cleaning and

 maintenance .................................. 9

39-0000 Personal care and service ............. 33

41-0000 Sales and related ............................ 21

43-0000 Office and administrative support .. 56

45-0000 Farming, fishing, and forestry ......... 13

47-0000 Construction and extraction ........... 58

49-0000 Installation, maintenance, and

 repair ............................................. 53

51-0000 Production ....................................... 112

53-0000 Transportation and material

 moving ........................................... 52

Detailed

occupations

Code Major occupational group
158

Classification guidelines

To ensure that all users of occupational data classify workers in the same way, the following classification principles

apply:

1. The classification covers all occupations in which work

is performed for pay or profit, including work performed

in family-operated enterprises by family members who

are not directly compensated. It excludes occupations

unique to volunteers. Each occupation is assigned to

only one occupation at the lowest level of the classification. OES does not cover the self-employed. For additional information, see appendix B.

2. Occupations are classified based upon the work performed and the skills, education, training, and credentials required.

3. Supervisors of professional and technical workers usually have qualifications similar to those of the workers

they supervise and are, therefore, classified with the

workers supervised. Likewise, team leaders, lead workers, and supervisors of production, sales, and service

workers who spend at least 20 percent of their time performing work similar to that of the workers they supervise are classified with the workers they supervise.

4. First-line managers and supervisors of production, service, and sales workers who spend 80 percent or more

of their time performing supervisory activities are classified separately in the appropriate supervisor category

because their work activities are distinct from those

of the workers they supervise. First-line managers generally are found in smaller establishments, where they

perform both supervisory and management functions,

such as accounting, marketing, and personnel work.

5. Apprentices and trainees are classified in the occupations for which they are being trained, while helpers

and aides are classified separately.

6. If an occupation is not included as a distinct detailed

occupation in the SOC structure, it is classified in the

appropriate residual occupation. Residual occupations

contain all occupations within a major, minor, or broad

group that are not classified separately.

7. When workers may be classified in more than one occupation, they are classified in the occupation that requires the highest level of skill. If there is no measurable difference in skill requirements, workers are included in the occupation at which they spend the most

time.

8. OES data collection and reporting agencies classify workers at the most detailed level possible. Different agencies may use different levels of aggregation, depending on their ability to collect data and the

requirements of data users.

First-line managers and supervisors are included in the

last 11 major occupational groups. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical supervisors are classified with the workers they supervise, due to the extensive subject matter knowledge required. First-line managers and supervisors may be

supervised by top and middle managers in the managerial

and administrative major groups.

Residual occupational categories

The SOC has detailed categories for occupations that are

numerically significant, either in one industry or across all

industries. For less populous occupations, residual categories (that is, “All other...”) have been created within most

levels of the SOC system. Residual categories provide a

complete accounting of all workers employed within an establishment and allow aggregation and analysis of occupational employment data at various levels of detail. Some

examples of residual categories are: “All other sales and related workers” at the major group level, and “All other machinery maintenance mechanics” at the detailed level. For

2001, residual occupations are not published.

For more information about the SOC, see the Bureau of

Labor Statistics Web site at http://www.bls.gov/soc/.
159
159

Appendix B. Survey Methods

and Reliability of the 2001

Occupational Employment

Statistics Estimates

The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) programsamples approximately 400,000 establishments each year

and, over a 3-year period, contacts approximately 1.2 million

establishments. Each single-year sample represents one-third

of both the certainty and noncertainty strata for the full 3-

year sample plan. (Certainty strata consist of establishments

that are included in the sample because of their large employment size.) While estimates can be made from data for 1

or 2 years, the OES survey has been designed to produce

estimates using a full 3 years’ worth of data. The sample

allows the production of estimates for detailed area, industry, and occupational levels. Estimates using any one year

of data are subject to a higher sampling error (due to the

smaller sample size) and to the limitations associated with

being based on data from only one-third of the certainty

units. Estimates from the 2001 survey are based on a full 3

years’ worth of data. Beginning with those for 2002, estimates will reflect the implementation of a new semiannual

collection cycle and the 2002 North American Industry Classification System.

Occupational and industrial classification

The occupational classification system. In 1999, the OES

survey began using the U.S. Office of Management and

Budget’s (OMB) new occupational classification system—

the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). (See appendix A for a detailed description of the SOC.) The SOC is

the first OMB-required occupational classification system

for Federal statistical agencies. The OES survey uses 22

major occupational groups from the SOC to categorize workers in 1 of almost 770 detailed occupations.

The industrial classification system. The industrial classification system used in this survey is described in the 1987

Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC), whereby

reporting establishments are classified into industries on the

basis of major product or activity. The OES program produces estimates by both two-digit and three-digit SIC codes

and across all industries.

Scope of the survey

Occupational employment data by wage interval are used to

produce the 2001 national, State, and area occupational employment and wage estimates by industry. This is the sixth

year for which the OES program has collected both occupational employment and wage data for all nonfarm industries,

except private households. The survey covers establishments in SIC codes 07, 10 through 42, 44 through 87, and 89,

and State and local governments. In addition, data for the

U.S. Postal Service and Federal Government are universe

counts obtained from the U.S. Office of Personnel Management. Occupational employment and wage estimates at the

national level were produced by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) using employment and wage data from the 50 States

and the District of Columbia. Guam, Puerto Rico, and the

Virgin Islands were surveyed; however, data from these territories are not included in the production of national estimates.

Employers participating in the OES survey are asked to

provide occupational data for a particular reference period.

The reference period of the 2001 survey is the pay period

that included October 12th, November 12th, or December

12thof the year. The pay period including the 12th day of the

reference month is standard for Federal agencies collecting

employment data. The reference period for any particular

establishment in this survey was dependent on the establishment’s SIC code. (See table below.)

Reference date SIC codes of industries surveyed

October 12 07, 15, 16, 17, 241, 472, 50, 51, 52, 53, 541,

542, 543, 545, 546, 549, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60,

61, 62, 637, 655, 672, 673, 679, 70, 722, 731,

732, 733, 734, 736, 738, 792, 793, 794, 799,

and 84.

November 12 26, 27, 28, 29, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356,

358, 359, 37, 386, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 473,

474, 478, 48, 631, 632, 633, 635, 636, 639, 64,

651, 653, 654, 671, 735, 737, 751, 753, 754,

76, 78, 80, 81, 83, 86, 87, and 89.

December 12 10, 12, 13, 14, 20, 21, 22, 23, 242, 243, 244,

245, 249, 25, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 357, 36,

381, 382, 384, 385, 387, 39, 49, 544, 721,

723, 724, 725, 726, 729, 752, 791, 82, and

State and local governments.
160

bonuses; tool allowances; tuition reimbursements; or uniform allowances.

Survey procedures

The survey is based on a probability sample, stratified by

area, industry, and size of establishment, and is designed to

represent the total or “universe” of establishments covered

by the survey. The survey is conducted over a 3-year cycle.

Each year, one-third of the sample units are included in the

survey. To the extent possible, units selected in one year are

not included in the sample the following 2 years.

Employers are asked to classify each of their workers in

an occupation and wage range. There are 12 wage ranges,

on both an hourly and annual basis, as follows:

Wages

Hourly Annual

Range A ............... Under $6.75 Under $14,040

Range B ............... $6.75 to $8.49 $14,040 to $17,679

Range C .............. $8.50 to $10.74 $17,680 to $22,359

Range D .............. $10.75 to $13.49 $22,360 to $28,079

Range E ............... $13.50 to $16.99 $28,080 to $35,359

Range F ............... $17.00 to $21.49 $35,360 to $44,719

Range G .............. $21.50 to $27.24 $44,720 to $56,679

Range H .............. $27.25 to $34.49 $56,680 to $71,759

Range I ................ $34.50 to $43.74 $71,760 to $90,999

Range J ............... $43.75 to $55.49 $91,000 to $115,439

Range K ............... $55.50 to $69.99 $115,440 to $145,599

Range L ............... $70.00 and over $145,600 and over

Method of collection

Survey questionnaires, or “schedules,” initially are mailed

out to almost all sampled establishments; State Employment

Security Agency (SESA) staff make personal visits to some

of the larger establishments.

Two additional mailings are sent to nonrespondents at

approximately 3-week intervals. Telephone or personal visit

followups are made for those nonrespondents considered

critical to the survey because of their size.

Sampling procedures

The sampling frame for this survey was the list of establishments in the two- and three-digit SIC codes listed above that

reported to the SESAs for Unemployment Insurance (UI)

purposes. Each quarter, the lists from all States are compiled

into a single file at BLS. This comprehensive file is called the

Longitudinal Database (LDB), and is a compilation of State

unemployment insurance reports. Virtually all businesses

are required to file these reports within the State in which

they are located. For the 1999 survey, the sampling frame

was the LDB file from the second quarter of 1998; for the

2000 survey, it was the file from the second quarter of 1999;

for the 2001 survey, it was the file from the fourth quarter of

2000. This frame was supplemented with a list supplying

establishment information on railroads (SIC 401).

A census is taken of Federal Government establishments

each year. Data representing Federal Government employInterval

The employment estimates have been adjusted to the full

universe counts of the 2001 survey reference period based

on information from the BLS Covered Employment and Wages

program. The 1999 and 2000 wage data have been adjusted

to the 2001 reference period by using the national over-theyear fourth-quarter rate of change in wages for nine major

occupational groups obtained from the BLS national Employment Cost Index.

Concepts

An establishment is an economic unit that produces goods

or services. It generally is found at a single physical location

and is engaged predominantly in one type of economic activity. Where a single physical location encompasses two or

more distinct activities, these are treated as separate establishments if separate payroll records are available and certain other criteria are met.

Employment includes full- and part-time workers; workers on paid vacations or other types of leave; workers on

unpaid short-term absences (such as those due to illness,

bad weather, temporary layoff, or jury duty); salaried officers, executives, and staff of incorporated firms; employees

temporarily assigned to other units; and employees for whom

the reporting unit is their permanent (home) duty station,

regardless of whether the unit prepares their paycheck.

Among those excluded from coverage are most proprietors

(owners and partners of unincorporated firms), self-employed

workers, and unpaid family workers.

Occupation refers to the occupation in which employees

are working rather than the occupation for which they may

have been trained. For example, an employee trained as an

engineer but working as a drafter is reported as a drafter.

Employees who perform the duties of two or more occupations are reported in the occupation that requires the highest

level of skill or in the occupation in which the most time is

spent if there is no measurable difference in skill requirements.

Working supervisors (those spending 20 percent or more

of their time doing work similar to that performed by workers

under their supervision) are reported in the occupation most

closely related to their work.

Part-time workers, workers receiving on-the-job training, and apprentices are reported in the occupation in which

they ordinarily work.

A wage is money that is paid or received for work or

services performed in a specified period. Included in wages

for this survey are: Base rate; cost-of-living allowance; guaranteed pay; hazardous duty pay; incentive pay, including

commissions; piece rates; production bonuses; length-ofservice allowance (longevity pay); oncall pay; portal-to-portal pay; and tips. Not included are: Backpay; overtime pay;

severance pay; shift differentials; jury-duty pay; vacation

pay; premium pay for work on holidays or weekends; attendance bonuses; holiday bonuses; meal and lodging allowances; merchandise discounts; nonproduction bonuses;

profit-sharing distributions; relocation allowances; stock
161

ment and wages are obtained at the end of the survey process from the U.S. Office of Personnel Management.

Within each State, establishments in the universe were

stratified by Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), three-digit

SIC code, and size of firm. An establishment’s size class is

determined by its employment as reported on the sampling

frame. Establishments in smaller size classes were selected

using a probability-based sampling procedure. Establishments in the largest size class are sampled with virtual certainty across the 3-year cycle of the survey. The targeted

sample size of 1.2 million establishments per 3-year cycle

was allocated in a manner that equalized the expected relative standard error of the typical occupational employment

within each MSA/three-digit SIC cell. Within each of these

cells, the sample was allocated across size classes in a manner that minimized the variance of the average typical occupational employment estimate.

The OES survey uses permanent random numbers (PRNs)

in its sample selection methodology. The purpose of the

PRN is to limit, to the extent possible, overlap between the

OES survey and other BLS surveys. These numbers are

placed on the frame and are retained by establishments

across time. A sample selection using PRNs can be done in

several ways. For example, a range of PRNs can be used to

select a portion of the universe within each stratum. Alternatively, a specific PRN value can be used as a “start” point

within a stratum. Within a stratum sorted by PRN value, nh

establishments are selected sequentially, beginning with this

“start” point (where nh is the number of sample units allocated to stratum h). This latter method is the one used for

the OES sample selection. For purposes of the sample selection, a stratum is defined by State/MSA/three-digit SIC/employment size class. Approximately one-third of the allocated units are selected within each stratum each year.

The above allocation method resulted in initial sample

sizes of 402,636 establishments in 1999, 406,876 establishments in 2000, and 405,655 establishments in 2001. The combined initial sample size for the 2001 estimates is 1,208,542

establishments. Note that the sum of samples across the 3

years does not equal the combined sample size because only

the current year’s State and Federal Government establishments are included.

Response

Of the 369,694 eligible units from the 1999 sample, usable

responses were obtained from 286,903, producing a response

rate of 77.6 percent based on units. Of the 375,387 eligible

units from the 2000 sample, usable responses were obtained

from 293,450, producing a response rate of 78.2 percent based

on units. Of the 366,760 eligible units from the 2001 sample,

usable responses were obtained from 286, 726, producing a

response rate of 78.2 percent based on units.

Nonresponse

Nonresponding establishments are accounted for in the OES

survey by a two-step imputation process. First, the staffing

pattern is imputed using a “hot-deck,” “nearest-neighbor”

imputation method. “Hot-deck” procedures utilize data from

the current period to impute missing data (from the current

period). The “nearest-neighbor” method searches the responding establishments within a defined cell and finds the

responding establishment that most closely matches the

nonresponding establishment for key classification values

(area/SIC/size class). The staffing pattern, or employment

distribution, of the responding establishment is used as the

staffing pattern of the nonresponding establishment. The

second step is to impute a wage distribution for each occupation of the imputed staffing pattern. This imputation procedure replaces the missing data by determining the distribution of the reported occupational wage data across wage

intervals in the current area/SIC/size class. If there are sufficient data at this level, the procedure uses this reported wage

distribution to allocate the nonrespondent’s imputed occupational employment across the wage intervals. If there are

not enough data, the pool of donors is expanded to include

adjacent size classes, industries, and areas until a distribution can be determined.

Occasionally, a responding establishment provides employment information, but refuses to provide wage distribution information for selected occupations. The OES survey

uses the “distribution within a cell” procedure described

above to impute the missing data for this partial report.

Combining and benchmarking multiyear data

Survey data from 1999, 2000, and 2001 were used to produce

the wage and employment estimates for all but one of the

occupations. The exception is physicians and surgeons, all

other, because data were not collected for this occupation in

1999; wage estimates for this occupation in are based on

2000 and 2001 data only. Each year’s sample is weighted to

represent the universe as it appeared at the time the sample

was selected. In order to combine the data, each unit’s weight

is modified so that the aggregate sample represents the universe. This is done via a fairly simple procedure: each unit’s

weight is divided by the number of years for which sample

units were selected for that stratum.

A ratio estimator is used to develop estimates of occupational employment. The auxiliary variable used was the 2001

reference-month population value of total employment. In

order to balance the States’ need for estimates at different

levels of geographic and industrial aggregation, the ratio

adjustment process was applied as a hierarchical series of

ratio adjustment, or “benchmark,” factors.

The primary component of this procedure is a ratio adjustment at the State/MSA/three-digit SIC/employment size

class level. If these ratio adjustment values are out of range,

they are set at predetermined maximum or minimum values.

This adjustment can be described as follows:

Define:

h = State/MSA/three-digit SIC

H = State/three-digit SIC

s = 1 of 4 employment size classes {1-19, 20-
162

49, 50 - 249, 250+}

S = 1 of 2 aggregate employment size classes

{1- 49, 50+}

M = 2001 reference month population value of

total employment

i = establishment

wi= adjusted sample weight for establishment i

xi = total establishment employment

BMFmin = a parameter, the lowest value allowed

for BMF

BMFmax= a parameter, the highest value allowed

for BMF, and





 



 = ∑i∈hs

hs hs ii β pwM , 



 



 = ∑i∈hS

hS hS ii β pwM , 



 



 = ∑

∈hi

h h ii β pwM , then

( )

( )



















>

= <

otherwise

BMF , if BMF ,

BMF , if BMF ,

, if all within h are bounded by BMF , BMF ,

, if all within h are bounded by BMF , BMF ,

max max

min min

min max

min max

,1

h

h

h

hS hS

hs hs

BMF hs

β

β

β

β β

β β

The next component in the procedure is a ratio adjustment at the State/three-digit SIC level using the product of

the adjusted sampling weight and the first ratio adjustment

as a final weight value. If these ratio adjustment values are

out of range, they are set at predetermined maximum or minimum values. This ratio adjustment accounts for weighted,

ratio-adjusted sample employment that does not adequately

represent the universe within one or more of the State/MSA/

three-digit SIC strata. This adjustment is calculated as follows:

Define:





















= ∑ ∑ hs hs ∈ ∈ H i

ii hs

H H pw BMF

M

,1

β , then











>

<

=

otherwise

BMF , if BMF ,

BMF , if BMF ,

max max

min min

,2

H

H

H

BMF H

β

β

β

A ratio adjustment at the State/two-digit SIC level is then

calculated using the product of the adjusted sampling weight,

the first ratio adjustment, and the second ratio adjustment as

a final weight value. If these ratio adjustment values are out

of range, they are set at predetermined maximum or minimum

values. This ratio adjustment accounts for weighted, ratioadjusted sample employment that does not adequately represent the universe within one or more of the State/threedigit SIC strata. This adjustment is calculated similarly to

BMF2,H.

Finally, a ratio adjustment at the State/industry-division

level is calculated using the product of the adjusted sampling weight, the first ratio adjustment, the second ratio adjustment, and the third ratio adjustment as a final weight

value. If these ratio adjustment values are out of range, they

are set at predetermined maximum or minimum values. This

ratio adjustment accounts for weighted, ratio-adjusted

sample employment that does not adequately represent the

universe within one or more of the State/two-digit SIC strata.

This adjustment also is calculated similarly to BMF2,H.

A final ratio adjustment factor, BMFi, is calculated as the

product of the four hierarchical ratio adjustment factors. That

is, BMFi = BMF1 * BMF2 * BMF3 * BMF4. A final weight

value is then calculated as the product of the adjusted sample

weight and the final ratio adjustment factor. Note that the

population values of total employment (Mhs) are obtained

from the BLS Longitudinal Data Base (LDB) file.

Estimation methodology

Producing estimates using sample data for 3 years provides

additional occupational detail and sampling error reductions

(particularly for small geographic areas and occupations).

However, this procedure also has some quality limitations

because it requires the adjustment of earlier years’ data to

the current reference period—a procedure referred to as

“wage updating.”

Estimates for all survey years use the estimation methodology introduced in 1997. The employment estimation methodology uses a “nearest neighbor” approach for nonrespondents and applies employment benchmarks at a detailed MSA/

three-digit industry/broad size class level. (See the sections

on estimated employment and nonresponse.) Wage estimates are updated using the Employment Cost Index. (See

section on estimated wage rates.)

The 1999 OES survey wage estimates for some occupations were developed from data for the full 3 years of the OES

sample, while the remaining occupational wage estimates

and all of the employment estimates were from 1 year’s worth

of data due to change in the occupation classification system used. (See appendix A.) The combined 1997, 1998, and

1999 data were obtained from approximately 1.2 million sample

units. The 2000 OES survey estimates are developed from

data for 2 years of the OES sample. The combined 1999 and

2000 data were obtained from approximately 800,000 sample

units. The 2001 OES survey estimates are developed from

data for the full 3 years of the OES sample. The combined

1999, 2000, and 2001 data were obtained from approximately

1.2 million sample units.

Estimated employment

As discussed previously, a ratio estimator is used to develop estimates of occupational employment. The auxiliary

variable is the population value of total employment obtained

from the refined UI files for the 2001 reference month. For

each MSA, the estimated employment for an occupation at

the reported three-digit SIC level was calculated by summing

the product of the weighted employment and the ratio factor

for each sampled establishment in the MSA/three-digit SIC.

The estimated employment for an occupation at the all-in-
163

dustry level was obtained by summing the occupational employment estimates across all industries within an MSA reporting that occupation. The employment and wage data for

Federal Government workers in each occupation were added

to the survey-derived data.

First, within each MSA, the estimated employment for an

occupation at the reported three-digit SIC h level was calculated using the following equation:

∑( ) ∈

= hi

ho ii io wX BMF x ˆ

where o = occupation;

h = reported three-digit SIC within an

MSA;

i = establishment;

wi = adjusted sample weight for establishment I;

BMFI = the hierarchical benchmark factor applied to establishment i;

xio = reported employment for occupation o in establishment i;

Xho ˆ = estimated employment for occupation o in SIC h within an MSA.

The estimated employment for an occupation at the allindustry level was obtained by summing the occupational

employment estimate Xho ˆ across all industries within an

MSA that reported that occupation. See the formula below:

 ∑=

= h L

h

o XX ho

1

ˆˆ

where Li is the number of industries reporting that occupation within the MSA.

Estimated wage rates

Occupational wage data in the OES survey are collected as

the number of workers in an occupation who are paid wages

within each of 12 contiguous wage intervals. For example,

an establishment might report that it employs 10 secretaries:

2 in wage interval B, paid wages between $6.75 and $8.49 per

hour; 6 in wage interval D, paid wages between $10.75 and

$13.49 per hour; and 2 in wage interval E, paid wages between $13.50 and $16.99 per hour. As a result, individual

wage rates of workers are not collected. Conventional arithmetic mean formulas are not applicable in this situation. Because wage data are collected within an interval matrix, the

particular wage rate of all employees within an interval is

approximated by a mean wage rate value for the interval for

each of the first 11 wage intervals. Data from the BLS National Compensation Survey (NCS) are used to calculate these

mean wage rate values. The mean wage value for the upper

open-ended wage interval is set at that interval’s starting

point. Occupational wage rates are calculated by developing a weighted estimate of total occupational wages, and

dividing that by a weighted estimate of total occupational

employment ( Xo

ˆ ).

Wage updating process. Because data from 3 years were

used to produce the 2001 OES wage estimates for most occupations, a process was used to update prior year information

so that it would be representative of the 2001 reference period. This was done by adjusting the 1999 and 2000 wage

data by a factor developed from the BLS Employment Cost

Index (ECI) program. The ECI program provides a rate of

change in wages from fourth-quarter 1999 to fourth-quarter

2001 for nine major occupational groups. Each OES occupation belongs to one of these major occupational groups.

Estimated mean wage rate. Mean wage is the estimated

total wages for an occupation divided by its weighted survey employment. An estimate of the mean wage rate was

calculated by using a standard interval-based estimation formula, modified to account for the wage-updating process.

See the formula below:

( )zicxuy X

w BMF y

R r

rzroiozoi

o

t

z z t i

oiii

o = ∈

















= ∑

∑ ∑ = ∈ −

, where ˆ ; ˆ

ˆ

ˆ 2

and where o = occupation;

Ro

ˆ = mean wage rate for occupation o;

z = year;

t = current reference year;

wi = adjusted sampling weight for establishment i;

i o yˆ = unweighted total wage estimate

for occupation o in establishment

i;

r = wage interval;

Xo

ˆ = estimated employment for occupation o;

xi o r = reported employment for occupation o in establishment i in wage

interval r (note that establishment

i reported data for 1 year (z));

uz o = ECI updating factor for year z and

occupation o; and

cz r = see below.

In this formula, cz rrepresents the mean wage of interval r

for year z. This mean was determined empirically using data

from the BLS NCS survey. Research is conducted at periodic

intervals to verify the continued utility of this updating procedure.

Median wage. The median wage is the estimated 50th percentile of the distribution of wages; 50 percent of workers in
164

an occupation earn wages below, and 50 percent earn wages

above the median wage. The wage interval containing the

median wage is located using a cumulative frequency count

of employment across wage intervals. After the targeted

wage interval is identified, the median wage rate is then estimated using a linear interpolation procedure.

Variance of estimates

Occupational employment variance estimates. Estimates

of sampling error are calculated to allow data users to determine if occupational employment estimates are reliable

enough for their needs. Only a probability-based sample

can be used to calculate estimates of sampling error from the

sample itself.

The formula used to estimate variances (a common measure of sampling error) for the occupational employment estimates is based on the survey’s sample design and method

of estimation. The OES program employs a subsample replication technique, called the “jackknife random group,” to

estimate variances of occupational employment. In this technique, each sampled establishment is assigned to one of G

random groups. Using the data in these groups, G

subsamples are formed from the parent sample. Next, G estimates of total occupational employment ( Xhjog ˆ ) are calculated, one employment estimate per subsample. Afterwards,

the variability of these G employment estimates is calculated

to obtain the estimated occupational employment variance.

The occupational employment variance estimate at the

reported three-digit SIC h/reported size class j level is calculated using the following equation:

)1(

) ˆ ˆ (

) ˆ ( 1

2

−

−

=

∑=

GG

XX

v X

G

g

hjog hjo

hjo

where ) ˆ (Xhjo v = estimated variance of Xhjo ˆ ;

G = number of random groups;

Xhjo ˆ = estimated employment of occupation o in SIC h and size class j;

Xhjog ˆ = estimated employment of occupation o in SIC h, size class j, and

subsample g; and

Xhjo

ˆ = estimated mean employment for

occupation o in SIC h and size

class j based on the G subsamples.

(Note that a finite population correction factor is applied to

the terms Xhjog ˆ and Xhjo

ˆ .)

The variance for an occupational employment estimate at

the reported three-digit SIC h level was obtained by summing the variance ) ˆ (Xhjo v across all reported size classes j

in SIC h.

∑

∈

= hj

ho XvX hjo v ) ˆ () ˆ (

Similarly, the variance for an occupational employment

estimate at the reported two-digit SIC level H is obtained by

summing the variance Xho v ˆ ( ) across all reported three-digit

SICs h within the two-digit SIC.

 ∑

∈

= Hh

Ho XvX ho v ) ˆ () ˆ (

Occupational mean wage variance estimates. The formula

used to estimate occupational mean wage variances also is

based on the survey’s sample design and method of estimation. Because the OES wage data are collected in intervals,

we do not capture the exact wage of each worker. Therefore,

some components of the wage variance are approximated

using factors developed from NCS data. A Taylor Linearization technique was used to develop a variance estimator

appropriate for OES mean wage estimates. The primary component of the mean wage variance, which accounts for the

variability of the observed sample data, is estimated using

the standard estimator of variance for a ratio estimate. This

component is the first term in the formula given below:

( ) ( )

( ) 































+ 















+

+



























 − 















−

−

=

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑

∑ ∑

=

∈

r r

rro

o

re

n

i

roii

r o

rcro

h h i

ohoii

oh

ohoh

o

o

X xw X

qqw n

fn

X v R o

2 2

1

2

2

22

2 2

2

ˆ

1

ˆ

1

1

1

ˆ

1

) ˆ (

σθ σ σθ ω

where Ro

ˆ = the estimated mean wage for occupation o;

) ˆ (Ro v = the estimated variance of Ro

ˆ ;

Xo

ˆ = the estimated occupational employment for occupation o;

h = a stratum (area / industry / establishment employment size);

ho f = the sampling fraction for occupation o in stratum h;

ho n = the number of sampled establishments that reported occupation

o in stratum h;

i = an establishment;

wi = the sampling weight for establishment i;

i o q = the quantity ( ) oiooi xRy ˆ ˆ − for

occupation o in establishment I;

io yˆ = the estimated total occupational

wage in establishment i for occupation o;
165

i o x = the reported employment in establishment i for occupation o;

ho q = the mean of the i o q quantities

for occupation o in stratum h;

r = a wage interval;

θ o r = the proportion of employment

within interval r for occupation o;

oi r x = the reported employment in establishment i within wage interval r

for occupation o; and

( ) 22 2 ,, rerc r and σσσ ω respectively represent—within wage interval r—the variability of the wage

value imputed to each worker, the variability of wages across

establishments, and the variability of wages within establishments. These quantities are estimated using data from

the BLS NCS.

Reliability of the estimates

Estimates developed from a sample may differ from the results of a census. Two types of error, sampling and nonsampling, can occur in estimates calculated from a sample. Sampling error occurs because our observations are based on a

sample, not on the entire population. Nonsampling error

occurs because of response and operational errors in the

survey. Unlike sampling error, this form of error also can

occur in a census.

Sampling errors

The particular sample used in this survey is one of a large

number of many possible samples of the same size that could

have been selected using the same sample design. Estimates derived from different samples would tend to differ

from one another. As indicated above, the variance of a

survey estimate is a measure of the variation among the estimates from all possible samples. The standard error of a

survey estimate is the square root of its variance; the relative

standard error is the ratio of the standard error to the estimate itself.

The sample estimate and its standard error allow the data

user to construct an interval estimate with a prescribed level

of confidence that the interval will include the mean value of

the estimate from all possible samples.

To illustrate, if all possible samples were selected, and if

each of these were surveyed under essentially the same conditions, and an estimate and its estimated standard error were

calculated from each sample, then:

1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from 1

standard error below to 1 standard error above the derived

estimate would include the average value of the estimates

from all possible samples. This interval is called a 68-percent

confidence interval.

2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6

standard errors below to 1.6 standard errors above the derived estimate would include the average value of the estimates from all possible samples. This interval is called a 90-

percent confidence interval.

3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from 2

standard errors below to 2 standard errors above the derived

estimate would include the average value of the estimates

from all possible samples. This interval is called the 95-

percent confidence interval.

4. Almost all (99.7 percent) of the intervals from 3 standard errors below to 3 standard errors above the derived

estimate would include the average value of the estimates

from all possible samples.

For example, suppose that an estimated occupational

employment total is 5,000, with an associated relative standard error of 2.0 percent. Based on these data, the standard

error of the estimate is 100 (2 percent of 5,000). A 68-percent

confidence interval for the employment estimate is (5,000 +/

- 100) or from 4,900 to 5,100. Approximately 68 percent of the

intervals constructed in this manner will include the mean of

all possible employment estimates as computed from all possible samples. A 95-percent confidence interval for the employment estimate is (5,000 +/- 200) or from 4,800 to 5,200.

Approximately 95 percent of the intervals constructed in this

manner will include the mean of all possible employment

estimates as computed from all possible samples. Estimates

of sampling errors for occupational employment and mean

wage estimates are provided with this publication.

Nonsampling error

This type of error is attributable to several causes such as:

An inability to obtain information for all establishments in

the sample; differences in the respondents’ interpretation of

the survey question; inability or unwillingness of the respondents to provide correct information; errors made in

recording, coding, or processing the data; and errors made

in imputing values for missing data. Explicit measures of the

effects of nonsampling error are not available.

Several edit and quality control procedures are used to

reduce nonsampling error. For example, completed survey

questionnaires are checked for data consistency. Followup

mailings and telephone calls are directed to nonresponding

establishments to improve the survey response rate. Response analysis studies are conducted to assess the respondents’ comprehension of the questionnaire. (See the section

below for additional information on the quality control procedures used by the OES survey.) The relative standard

error indicates the magnitude of the sampling error. It does

not measure nonsampling error, including any biases in the

data. Particular care should be exercised in the interpretation

of small estimates or of small differences between estimates

when the sampling error is relatively large or the magnitude

of the bias is unknown.

Quality control measures

The OES survey is a Federal-State cooperative effort that

enables States to conduct their own surveys. A major con-
166

cern with a cooperative program such as OES is to accommodate the needs of BLS and other Federal agencies, as well as

State-specific publication needs, with limited resources while

simultaneously standardizing survey procedures across all

50 States, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. territories.

Controlling sources of nonsampling error in this decentralized environment can be difficult. One important computerized quality control measure used by the OES survey is the

Survey Processing and Management (SPAM) system. It

was developed to provide a consistent and automated framework for survey processing and to reduce the workload for

analysts at the State, regional, and national levels.

To ensure standardized sampling methods in all areas, the

sample is drawn in the national office. Standardizing data

processing activities such as validating the sampling frame,

allocating and selecting the sample, refining mailing addresses, addressing envelopes and mailers, editing and updating questionnaires, conducting electronic review, producing management reports, and calculating employment estimates

has resulted in the overall standardization of the OES survey

methodology. This has reduced the number of errors on the

data files as well as the time needed to review them.

Other quality control measures used in the OES survey

include:

• Followup solicitations of nonrespondents (especially

critical nonrespondents);

• Review of schedules to verify the accuracy and reasonableness of the reported data;

• Adjustments for atypical reporting units on the data

file;

• Validation of the benchmark employment figures and

of the benchmark factors; and

• Validation of the analytical tables of estimates (at the

two- and three-digit SIC levels).

Confidentiality

BLS has a strict confidentiality policy that ensures that the

survey sample composition, lists of reporters, and names of

respondents will be kept confidential. Additionally, the policy

assures respondents that published figures will not reveal

the identity of any specific respondent and will not allow the

data of any specific respondent to be imputed. Each published estimate is screened to ensure that it meets these confidentiality requirements. The specific screening criteria are

not listed in this publication to further protect the confidentiality of the data.
167

The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) programfirst collected employment and wage data in 1996 to produce occupational estimates for all industries and also to

produce occupational wage data for all States and metropolitan areas each year. Prior to 1996, the OES survey collected

data from specified industries in 1 of 3 years in the survey

round, as indicated in the table below.

Appendix C. Availability of Historical

Occupational Employment Statistics

Survey Data Nationally

and from State Agencies

 Industry 1987 SIC code Years collected

Agricultural services 07 1992, 1995

Mining 10-14 1978, 1981, 1984, 1987, 1990, 1993

Construction 15-17 1978, 1981, 1984, 1987, 1990, 1993

Manufacturing 20-39 1977, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1989,

 1992, 1995

Transportation and public utilities 40-49 1979, 1982, 1985, 1988, 1991, 1994

Wholesale trade 50-51 1979, 1982, 1985, 1988, 1991, 1994

Retail trade 52-59 1979, 1982, 1985, 1988, 1991, 1994

Finance, insurance, and real estate 60-67 1978, 1981, 1984, 1987, 1990, 1993

Services 70-87, 89 1978, 1981, 1984, 1987, 1990, 1993

Hospitals 806 1980, 1983, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1995

Educational services 82 1978, 1981, 1985, 1988, 1991, 1994

State government 1979, 1982, 1985, 1988, 1991, 1994

Local government 1979, 1982, 1985, 1988, 1991, 1994

States also produce occupational estimates by industry.

Prior to 1983, not all States participated in the OES program

in all survey years. Starting with the 1991 OES survey, certain States also collected wage data. In 1996, all States began collecting wage data. Check with the State Employment

Security Agencies listed on the inside back cover of this

publication regarding the availability of State data on occupational employment and wages.