Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-17-0732 

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, June 2, 2017

Technical information: 

 Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps 

 Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces 

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov 

 

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — MAY 2017 

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 138,000 in May, and the unemployment rate was 

little changed at 4.3 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in 

health care and mining. 

Household Survey Data 

The unemployment rate, at 4.3 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at 6.9 million, 

changed little in May. Since January, the unemployment rate has declined by 0.5 percentage point, and 

the number of unemployed has decreased by 774,000. (See table A-1.) 

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Whites edged down to 3.7 percent in 

May. The jobless rates for Blacks (7.5 percent), Asians (3.6 percent), and Hispanics (5.2 percent), as 

well as those for adult men (3.8 percent), adult women (4.0 percent), and teenagers (14.3 percent), 

showed little or no change. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) 

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month 

change, seasonally adjusted, May 2015 – May 2017

Percent Thousands

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

May-15 Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16 Aug-16 Nov-16 Feb-17 May-17

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 

May 2015 – May 2017

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

May-15 Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16 Aug-16 Nov-16 Feb-17 May-17
-2- 

Among the unemployed, the number of job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

declined by 211,000 to 3.3 million in May. The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 

weeks or more) was essentially unchanged over the month at 1.7 million and accounted for 24.0 percent 

of the unemployed. (See tables A-11 and A-12.) 

The labor force participation rate declined by 0.2 percentage point to 62.7 percent in May but has 

shown no clear trend over the past 12 months. The employment-population ratio edged down to 60.0 

percent in May. (See table A-1.) 

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as 

involuntary part-time workers) was little changed at 5.2 million in May. These individuals, who would 

have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been cut back or 

because they were unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-8.) 

In May, 1.5 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down by 238,000 from a 

year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted 

and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not 

counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. 

(See table A-16.) 

Among the marginally attached, there were 355,000 discouraged workers in May, down by 183,000 

from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not 

currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.1 

million persons marginally attached to the labor force in May had not searched for work for reasons 

such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) 

Establishment Survey Data 

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 138,000 in May, compared with an average monthly 

gain of 181,000 over the prior 12 months. In May, job gains occurred in health care and mining. (See 

table B-1.) 

Employment in health care rose by 24,000 in May. Hospitals added 7,000 jobs over the month, and 

employment in ambulatory health care services continued to trend up (+13,000). Job growth in health 

care has averaged 22,000 per month thus far in 2017, compared with an average monthly gain of 32,000 

in 2016. 

Mining added 7,000 jobs in May. Employment in mining has risen by 47,000 since reaching a recent 

low point in October 2016, with most of the gain in support activities for mining. 

In May, employment in professional and business services continued to trend up (+38,000). The 

industry has added an average of 46,000 jobs per month thus far this year, in line with the average 

monthly job gain in 2016. 

Employment in food services and drinking places also continued to trend up in May (+30,000) and has 

grown by 267,000 over the past 12 months. 
-3- 

Employment in other major industries, including construction, manufacturing, wholesale trade, retail 

trade, transportation and warehousing, information, financial activities, and government, showed 

little change over the month. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.4 hours in 

May. In manufacturing, the workweek also was unchanged at 40.7 hours, while overtime edged up by 

0.1 hour to 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on 

private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour to 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) 

In May, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 4 cents to 

$26.22. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 63 cents, or 2.5 percent. In May, average 

hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 3 cents to 

$22.00. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) 

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for March was revised down from +79,000 to +50,000, 

and the change for April was revised down from +211,000 to +174,000. With these revisions, 

employment gains in March and April combined were 66,000 less than previously reported. Monthly 

revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last 

published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors. Over the past 3 months, job gains 

have averaged 121,000 per month. 

_____________ 

The Employment Situation for June is scheduled to be released on Friday, July 7, 2017, at 

8:30 a.m. (EDT).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category May

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

May

2017

Change from:

Apr. 2017-

May 2017

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population........................................... 253,174 254,414 254,588 254,767 179

Civilian labor force........................................................... 158,510 160,201 160,213 159,784 -429

Participation rate.......................................................... 62.6 63.0 62.9 62.7 -0.2

Employed................................................................... 151,058 153,000 153,156 152,923 -233

Employment-population ratio.......................................... 59.7 60.1 60.2 60.0 -0.2

Unemployed............................................................... 7,451 7,202 7,056 6,861 -195

Unemployment rate.................................................... 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.3 -0.1

Not in labor force............................................................ 94,665 94,213 94,375 94,983 608

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over...................................................... 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.3 -0.1

Adult men (20 years and over)............................................ 4.3 4.3 4.0 3.8 -0.2

Adult women (20 years and over)......................................... 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.0 -0.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)................................................ 16.2 13.7 14.7 14.3 -0.4

White.......................................................................... 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.7 -0.1

Black or African American.................................................. 8.2 8.0 7.9 7.5 -0.4

Asian.......................................................................... 4.1 3.3 3.2 3.6 0.4

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................. 5.6 5.1 5.2 5.2 0.0

Total, 25 years and over...................................................... 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.6 0.0

Less than a high school diploma.......................................... 7.2 6.8 6.5 6.1 -0.4

High school graduates, no college........................................ 5.1 4.9 4.6 4.7 0.1

Some college or associate degree........................................ 3.8 3.7 3.7 4.0 0.3

Bachelor’s degree and higher.............................................. 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.3 -0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.................. 3,578 3,519 3,538 3,327 -211

Job leavers...................................................................... 803 798 789 804 15

Reentrants....................................................................... 2,215 2,066 2,032 2,100 68

New entrants.................................................................... 865 790 712 656 -56

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks............................................................. 2,197 2,334 2,335 2,154 -181

5 to 14 weeks................................................................... 2,251 2,109 2,135 1,960 -175

15 to 26 weeks................................................................. 1,174 1,115 1,108 1,157 49

27 weeks and over............................................................. 1,893 1,687 1,626 1,663 37

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons.............................................. 6,409 5,553 5,272 5,219 -53

Slack work or business conditions........................................ 3,879 3,402 3,174 3,082 -92

Could only find part-time work............................................. 2,064 1,852 1,802 1,789 -13

Part time for noneconomic reasons.......................................... 20,611 20,723 20,700 21,020 320

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force....................................... 1,713 1,595 1,534 1,475 –

Discouraged workers........................................................ 538 460 455 355 –

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will

not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced

annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category May

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

May

2017p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 50 174 138

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 59 173 147

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -44 17 19 16

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -9 6 9 6

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -14 0 -1 11

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -21 11 11 -1

Durable goods1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -23 6 6 2

Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -5.5 2.0 2.0 -1.5

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 5 -3

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 42 154 131

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4.0 -3.0 6.0 -2.1

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 -39.5 -5.8 -6.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 3.9 -0.2 3.6

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -2.0 -0.5 -0.5 -1.3

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -42 -8 -15 -2

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4 14 11

Professional and business services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 58 38 38

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -17.1 12.8 4.1 12.9

Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 16 50 47

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.5 18.7 44.9 32.3

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 11 58 31

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -7 0 9 12

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 -9 1 -9

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 166 152 121

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 162 151 126

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2

Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.5 49.5 49.5 49.5

Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.1 48.1 48.1 48.1

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.3 82.4 82.4 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS

ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 34.3 34.4 34.4

Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25.59 $26.13 $26.18 $26.22

Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $880.30 $896.26 $900.59 $901.97

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.1 106.3 106.8 106.9

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.5 132.8 133.7 134.0

Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.2

DIFFUSION INDEX

(Over 1-month span)5

Total private (261 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.7 55.4 61.3 54.8

Manufacturing (78 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.7 53.8 55.1 48.1

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the

service-providing industries.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate

hours.

4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average

aggregate weekly payrolls.

5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal

balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? 

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of 

employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series 

has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household 

survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 

100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically 

significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a 

more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers 

whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private 

household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also 

provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences 

between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? 

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the 

establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, 

it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does 

not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which 

identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the 

foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The 

Employment Situation news release. 

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? 

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating 

additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. 

The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 

2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. 

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors 

estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax 

records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more 

information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? 

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments 

with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the 

reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and 

industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 

 
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? 

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net 

employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an 

econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based 

on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census 

of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this 

purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There 

is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and 

availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment 

insurance benefits? 

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons 

who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the 

unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There 

is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently 

looking for work? 

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, 

including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged 

workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include 

discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each 

month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these 

alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? 

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the 

month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than 

on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including 

pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates 

typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some 

employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, 

while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. 

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll 

employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, 

employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees 

who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll 

employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit 

https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. 

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th 

of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as 

employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the 

number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure 

of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 

Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, 

please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from two major 

surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household 

survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; 

establishment survey). The household survey provides 

information on the labor force, employment, and 

unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked 

HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 

eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for 

the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

The establishment survey provides information on 

employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm 

payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 

month from the payroll records of a sample of 

nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the 

CES program surveys about 147,000 businesses and 

government agencies, representing approximately 634,000 

individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry 

data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on 

nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately 

one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a 

particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the 

reference period is generally the calendar week that contains 

the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the 

reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which 

may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect 

the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on 

responses to a series of questions on work and job search 

activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample 

household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in 

the labor force.

People are classified as employed if they did any work 

at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked 

in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or 

worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or 

farm. People are also counted as employed if they were 

temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad 

weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal 

reasons. 

People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of 

the following criteria: they had no employment during the 

reference week; they were available for work at that time; 

and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime 

during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. 

Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be 

looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The 

unemployment data derived from the household survey in no 

way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of 

unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and 

unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as 

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The 

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent 

of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the 

labor force as a percent of the population, and

the employment-population ratio is the employed as a 

percent of the population. Additional information

about the household survey can be found at 

https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are 

drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, 

offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local 

government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are 

those who received pay for any part of the reference pay 

period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted 

in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced 

for the private sector for all employees and for production 

and nonsupervisory employees. Production and

nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and 

related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, 

construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory 

employees in private service-providing industries. 

Industries are classified on the basis of an 

establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 

2012 version of the North American Industry Classification 

System. Additional information about the establishment 

survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous 

conceptual and methodological differences between the 

household and establishment surveys result in important 

distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the 

surveys. Among these are:

• The household survey includes agricultural 

workers, self-employed workers whose businesses 

are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and 

private household workers among the employed. 

These groups are excluded from the establishment 

survey.

• The household survey includes people on unpaid 

leave among the employed. The establishment 

survey does not.

• The household survey is limited to workers 16 years 

of age and older. The establishment survey is not 

limited by age.

• The household survey has no duplication of

individuals, because individuals are counted only 

once, even if they hold more than one job. In the 

establishment survey, employees working at more 

than one job and thus appearing on more than one 

payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor 

force and the levels of employment and unemployment 

undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may 

result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and 

the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such 

seasonal variation can be very large. 

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less 

regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a 

series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal 

variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal 

developments, such as declines in employment or increases 

in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to 

spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number 

of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to 

obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to 

May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic 

activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment 

survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 

20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with 

the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying 

employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal 

employment changes at the end and beginning of the school 

year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make 

underlying employment patterns more discernable. The 

seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with 

which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic 

activity.

Many seasonally adjusted series are independently 

adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. 

However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such 

as total payroll employment, employment in most major 

sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed 

by aggregating independently adjusted component series. 

For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the 

adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this 

differs from the unemployment estimate that would be 

obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the 

duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. 

For both the household and establishment surveys, a 

concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in 

which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using 

all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current 

month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are 

used to adjust only the current month's data. In the 

establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are 

used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly 

estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to 

incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated 

seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year 

revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

Statistics based on the household and establishment 

surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. 

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is 

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may 

differ from the true population values they represent. The 

component of this difference that occurs because samples 

differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its 

variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. 

There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 

that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more 

than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value 

because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally 

conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. 

For example, the confidence interval for the monthly 

change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment 

survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the 

estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from 

one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on 

the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000 

(50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the 

sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that 

there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range 

includes values of less than zero, we could not say with 

confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased 

that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment 

rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 

confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, 

it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm 

employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an 

unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent 

confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment 

as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, 

and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is 

about +/- 0.2 percentage point.

In general, estimates involving many individuals or 

establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the 

size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a 

small number of observations. The precision of estimates 

also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such 

as for quarterly and annual averages.

The household and establishment surveys are also 

affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many 

reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the 

population, inability to obtain information for all respondents 

in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to 

provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made 

by respondents, and errors made in the collection or 

processing of the data.

For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for 

the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; 

for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the 

tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly 

estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, 

that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the 

establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely 

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for 

this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an 

estimation procedure with two components is used to 

account for business births. The first component excludes 

employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains 

from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample 

units going out of business, but imputing to them the same 

employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This 

procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death 

employment.

The second component is an ARIMA time series model 

designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment 

not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time 

series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived 

from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level 

database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and 

deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to 

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from 

administrative records of the unemployment insurance 

program. The difference between the March sample-based 

employment estimates and the March universe counts is 

known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy 

for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate 

changes in the classification of industries. Over the past 

decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm 

employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from

-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to 

sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 

(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

May

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

May

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

May

2017

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253,174 254,588 254,767 253,174 254,082 254,246 254,414 254,588 254,767

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,800 159,817 159,979 158,510 159,716 160,056 160,201 160,213 159,784

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 62.8 62.8 62.6 62.9 63.0 63.0 62.9 62.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,594 153,262 153,407 151,058 152,081 152,528 153,000 153,156 152,923

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.9 60.2 60.2 59.7 59.9 60.0 60.1 60.2 60.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,207 6,555 6,572 7,451 7,635 7,528 7,202 7,056 6,861

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.1 4.1 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,374 94,771 94,788 94,665 94,366 94,190 94,213 94,375 94,983

Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,449 5,560 5,976 5,912 5,739 5,597 5,781 5,707 5,561

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,316 123,032 123,120 122,316 122,781 122,862 122,945 123,032 123,120

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,524 84,851 85,007 84,367 85,096 85,194 85,076 85,175 84,896

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.1 69.0 69.0 69.0 69.3 69.3 69.2 69.2 69.0

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,673 81,341 81,572 80,389 81,013 81,141 81,136 81,419 81,290

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.0 66.1 66.3 65.7 66.0 66.0 66.0 66.2 66.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,851 3,509 3,436 3,979 4,083 4,053 3,940 3,755 3,606

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.1 4.0 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.2

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,792 38,181 38,113 37,948 37,685 37,668 37,870 37,857 38,224

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,844 114,538 114,627 113,844 114,297 114,375 114,455 114,538 114,627

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,637 82,019 82,130 81,420 82,113 82,138 82,046 82,091 81,942

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.7 71.6 71.6 71.5 71.8 71.8 71.7 71.7 71.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,241 78,922 79,126 77,926 78,503 78,573 78,556 78,838 78,801

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.7 68.9 69.0 68.4 68.7 68.7 68.6 68.8 68.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,396 3,096 3,004 3,493 3,609 3,564 3,491 3,253 3,141

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 3.8 3.7 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.0 3.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,208 32,519 32,497 32,425 32,184 32,237 32,409 32,447 32,685

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,858 131,556 131,647 130,858 131,301 131,384 131,469 131,556 131,647

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,276 74,967 74,972 74,142 74,621 74,862 75,126 75,038 74,887

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.8 57.0 56.9 56.7 56.8 57.0 57.1 57.0 56.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,921 71,921 71,835 70,670 71,069 71,388 71,863 71,737 71,633

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.2 54.7 54.6 54.0 54.1 54.3 54.7 54.5 54.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,356 3,046 3,136 3,473 3,552 3,475 3,262 3,301 3,255

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.1 4.2 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.3 4.4 4.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,582 56,590 56,675 56,716 56,681 56,521 56,343 56,518 56,759

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,622 123,296 123,386 122,622 123,052 123,131 123,212 123,296 123,386

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,366 72,181 72,085 71,226 71,686 72,011 72,160 72,136 71,988

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.2 58.5 58.4 58.1 58.3 58.5 58.6 58.5 58.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,496 69,474 69,340 68,218 68,550 68,932 69,271 69,213 69,105

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.9 56.3 56.2 55.6 55.7 56.0 56.2 56.1 56.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,870 2,707 2,745 3,008 3,136 3,079 2,890 2,922 2,883

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 3.7 3.8 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.1 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,256 51,116 51,300 51,396 51,366 51,119 51,052 51,161 51,398

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,708 16,754 16,754 16,708 16,734 16,740 16,747 16,754 16,754

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,797 5,618 5,764 5,864 5,917 5,907 5,995 5,986 5,854

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.7 33.5 34.4 35.1 35.4 35.3 35.8 35.7 34.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,857 4,866 4,941 4,914 5,028 5,023 5,173 5,105 5,017

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.1 29.0 29.5 29.4 30.0 30.0 30.9 30.5 29.9

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940 752 823 950 890 884 822 881 837

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2 13.4 14.3 16.2 15.0 15.0 13.7 14.7 14.3

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,911 11,136 10,991 10,844 10,816 10,833 10,752 10,768 10,901

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

May

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

May

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

May

2017

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198,013 198,685 198,775 198,013 198,453 198,525 198,604 198,685 198,775

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,590 124,676 124,722 124,271 124,675 124,856 125,046 124,925 124,481

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.9 62.8 62.7 62.8 62.8 62.9 63.0 62.9 62.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,686 120,214 120,375 119,198 119,311 119,740 120,180 120,142 119,896

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.4 60.5 60.6 60.2 60.1 60.3 60.5 60.5 60.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,904 4,462 4,346 5,074 5,364 5,116 4,866 4,783 4,585

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.6 3.5 4.1 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,423 74,009 74,053 73,742 73,778 73,669 73,557 73,760 74,294

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,104 65,263 65,380 64,935 65,345 65,362 65,219 65,306 65,217

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.0 71.9 72.0 71.8 72.1 72.0 71.9 71.9 71.8

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,777 63,103 63,293 62,498 62,730 62,877 62,850 63,053 62,999

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.4 69.5 69.7 69.1 69.2 69.3 69.2 69.4 69.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,327 2,160 2,087 2,437 2,615 2,485 2,369 2,253 2,218

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,925 55,066 54,933 54,727 54,798 54,988 55,153 54,983 54,785

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.7 57.6 57.5 57.5 57.4 57.6 57.8 57.6 57.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,017 53,269 53,169 52,749 52,646 52,949 53,211 53,049 52,927

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.7 55.8 55.6 55.4 55.2 55.5 55.7 55.5 55.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,908 1,798 1,764 1,977 2,152 2,039 1,942 1,935 1,858

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,560 4,346 4,408 4,610 4,531 4,505 4,674 4,635 4,479

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.9 35.2 35.7 37.3 36.7 36.5 37.9 37.5 36.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,892 3,842 3,914 3,951 3,934 3,913 4,119 4,040 3,970

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.5 31.1 31.7 32.0 31.9 31.7 33.4 32.7 32.2

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668 504 495 659 597 592 555 595 508

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.7 11.6 11.2 14.3 13.2 13.1 11.9 12.8 11.4

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,828 32,161 32,193 31,828 32,063 32,095 32,128 32,161 32,193

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,424 20,046 20,082 19,433 19,993 19,998 20,002 20,110 20,075

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.0 62.3 62.4 61.1 62.4 62.3 62.3 62.5 62.4

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,865 18,577 18,593 17,844 18,445 18,378 18,409 18,514 18,560

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.1 57.8 57.8 56.1 57.5 57.3 57.3 57.6 57.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,559 1,469 1,489 1,589 1,548 1,620 1,593 1,597 1,515

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 7.3 7.4 8.2 7.7 8.1 8.0 7.9 7.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,403 12,116 12,111 12,394 12,070 12,097 12,126 12,051 12,118

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,926 9,135 9,103 8,893 9,106 9,081 9,132 9,169 9,063

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.4 68.1 67.8 67.1 68.1 67.8 68.1 68.3 67.5

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,248 8,505 8,511 8,224 8,437 8,369 8,384 8,496 8,475

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 63.4 63.3 62.1 63.1 62.5 62.6 63.3 63.1

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677 630 593 669 669 713 747 673 588

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 6.9 6.5 7.5 7.3 7.8 8.2 7.3 6.5

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,773 10,185 10,178 9,821 10,124 10,162 10,173 10,168 10,224

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.8 62.8 62.7 61.1 62.6 62.7 62.7 62.7 62.9

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,089 9,530 9,497 9,099 9,450 9,438 9,497 9,470 9,513

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.6 58.7 58.5 56.6 58.4 58.3 58.6 58.4 58.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684 655 681 721 673 724 676 698 712

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 6.4 6.7 7.3 6.7 7.1 6.6 6.9 7.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726 726 801 720 764 754 697 773 787

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.9 28.9 31.9 28.7 30.4 30.0 27.7 30.8 31.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528 542 586 521 558 571 528 547 572

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.0 21.6 23.3 20.8 22.2 22.7 21.0 21.8 22.8

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 184 215 199 205 183 169 226 215

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.3 25.3 26.8 27.6 26.9 24.3 24.3 29.3 27.3

See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

May

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

May

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

May

2017

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,938 15,389 15,433 14,938 15,157 15,228 15,285 15,389 15,433

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,422 9,749 9,818 9,432 9,641 9,709 9,635 9,761 9,826

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.1 63.4 63.6 63.1 63.6 63.8 63.0 63.4 63.7

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,055 9,448 9,479 9,047 9,281 9,377 9,318 9,446 9,471

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.6 61.4 61.4 60.6 61.2 61.6 61.0 61.4 61.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 301 339 385 360 332 317 316 356

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.1 3.5 4.1 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.6

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,516 5,640 5,615 5,506 5,517 5,519 5,650 5,628 5,607

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are

introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1

May

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

May

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

May

2017

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population................ 40,558 41,162 41,241 40,558 40,922 41,003 41,081 41,162 41,241

Civilian labor force................................ 26,535 27,155 27,218 26,534 27,044 27,251 27,387 27,241 27,239

Participation rate............................... 65.4 66.0 66.0 65.4 66.1 66.5 66.7 66.2 66.0

Employed....................................... 25,163 25,897 25,939 25,044 25,453 25,727 25,986 25,832 25,833

Employment-population ratio............... 62.0 62.9 62.9 61.7 62.2 62.7 63.3 62.8 62.6

Unemployed.................................... 1,372 1,258 1,279 1,490 1,590 1,523 1,402 1,410 1,405

Unemployment rate......................... 5.2 4.6 4.7 5.6 5.9 5.6 5.1 5.2 5.2

Not in labor force................................. 14,023 14,007 14,024 14,023 13,879 13,753 13,694 13,921 14,003

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 14,616 14,890 14,932 14,612 14,898 14,938 14,957 14,927 14,936

Participation rate............................... 79.9 80.3 80.4 79.9 80.9 80.9 80.9 80.5 80.4

Employed....................................... 14,016 14,331 14,357 13,959 14,187 14,253 14,291 14,297 14,304

Employment-population ratio............... 76.7 77.3 77.3 76.3 77.0 77.2 77.3 77.1 77.0

Unemployed.................................... 600 559 575 653 711 685 666 630 632

Unemployment rate......................... 4.1 3.8 3.9 4.5 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force................................ 10,696 11,098 11,066 10,680 11,028 11,119 11,127 11,086 11,062

Participation rate............................... 57.8 59.0 58.7 57.7 59.0 59.4 59.3 59.0 58.7

Employed....................................... 10,134 10,538 10,512 10,071 10,336 10,494 10,600 10,493 10,461

Employment-population ratio............... 54.8 56.1 55.8 54.4 55.3 56.0 56.5 55.8 55.5

Unemployed.................................... 562 561 554 609 692 625 527 593 601

Unemployment rate......................... 5.3 5.1 5.0 5.7 6.3 5.6 4.7 5.4 5.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force................................ 1,223 1,166 1,220 1,242 1,117 1,193 1,304 1,228 1,240

Participation rate............................... 32.5 30.4 31.8 33.0 29.3 31.3 34.1 32.1 32.3

Employed....................................... 1,014 1,028 1,070 1,014 930 980 1,095 1,042 1,068

Employment-population ratio............... 26.9 26.8 27.9 26.9 24.4 25.7 28.6 27.2 27.8

Unemployed.................................... 209 138 150 228 187 214 209 186 172

Unemployment rate......................... 17.1 11.9 12.3 18.4 16.7 17.9 16.0 15.2 13.9

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted

columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the

release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

May

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

May

2017

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force.................................. 10,786 10,249 10,620 10,488 10,533 10,229 10,139 10,041 10,299

Participation rate.................................. 45.9 45.6 46.5 44.6 45.3 46.1 45.1 44.7 45.1

Employed.......................................... 10,064 9,594 10,038 9,734 9,725 9,424 9,450 9,385 9,671

Employment-population ratio................. 42.8 42.7 43.9 41.4 41.8 42.5 42.1 41.8 42.3

Unemployed....................................... 722 656 582 754 808 806 689 656 628

Unemployment rate............................ 6.7 6.4 5.5 7.2 7.7 7.9 6.8 6.5 6.1

High school graduates, no college1

Civilian labor force.................................. 35,688 36,186 36,127 35,609 35,443 35,853 36,092 36,032 35,909

Participation rate.................................. 57.4 58.0 57.9 57.3 57.9 57.9 57.8 57.7 57.6

Employed.......................................... 33,993 34,603 34,535 33,800 33,580 34,078 34,315 34,374 34,211

Employment-population ratio................. 54.7 55.4 55.4 54.4 54.9 55.0 54.9 55.1 54.9

Unemployed....................................... 1,695 1,583 1,592 1,809 1,863 1,776 1,778 1,658 1,697

Unemployment rate............................ 4.8 4.4 4.4 5.1 5.3 5.0 4.9 4.6 4.7

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force.................................. 37,776 37,854 37,187 37,801 38,007 37,754 37,851 37,850 37,433

Participation rate.................................. 66.1 65.8 65.4 66.2 65.7 65.8 66.1 65.8 65.9

Employed.......................................... 36,416 36,532 35,786 36,347 36,563 36,245 36,454 36,465 35,941

Employment-population ratio................. 63.7 63.5 63.0 63.6 63.2 63.2 63.7 63.4 63.3

Unemployed....................................... 1,361 1,321 1,401 1,454 1,444 1,509 1,397 1,385 1,492

Unemployment rate............................ 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.7 3.7 4.0

Bachelor’s degree and higher2

Civilian labor force.................................. 53,448 54,821 55,146 53,402 54,271 54,804 54,653 54,764 55,039

Participation rate.................................. 74.4 74.1 74.0 74.3 73.8 73.5 73.9 74.0 73.8

Employed.......................................... 52,247 53,585 53,978 52,100 52,925 53,498 53,308 53,426 53,760

Employment-population ratio................. 72.7 72.4 72.4 72.5 72.0 71.8 72.0 72.2 72.1

Unemployed....................................... 1,201 1,236 1,168 1,303 1,346 1,306 1,345 1,338 1,278

Unemployment rate............................ 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.3

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2

Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,

and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Total Men Women

May

2016

May

2017

May

2016

May

2017

May

2016

May

2017

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,937 20,593 18,924 18,565 2,013 2,028

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,561 10,036 9,327 8,868 1,234 1,169

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.4 48.7 49.3 47.8 61.3 57.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,198 9,697 9,016 8,573 1,183 1,123

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.7 47.1 47.6 46.2 58.8 55.4

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 340 312 294 51 45

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 4.1 3.9

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,376 10,557 9,597 9,697 779 859

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,905 4,156 3,195 3,397 711 759

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,133 3,300 2,634 2,760 500 540

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.2 79.4 82.4 81.3 70.3 71.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,008 3,149 2,529 2,628 480 521

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.0 75.8 79.1 77.4 67.5 68.6

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 151 105 132 20 19

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 4.6 4.0 4.8 4.0 3.5

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 772 856 561 637 211 220

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,320 3,279 2,836 2,811 483 468

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,665 2,560 2,279 2,218 386 343

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.3 78.1 80.4 78.9 79.8 73.2

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,600 2,494 2,224 2,171 376 323

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.3 76.1 78.4 77.2 77.8 69.0

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 66 55 46 10 20

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.1 2.5 5.8

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655 719 557 594 98 125

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,540 8,106 8,234 7,813 306 293

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,150 1,828 2,084 1,783 67 45

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.2 22.5 25.3 22.8 21.8 15.3

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,085 1,766 2,025 1,721 59 45

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.4 21.8 24.6 22.0 19.4 15.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 62 59 62 7 0

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 3.4 2.8 3.5 – –

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,390 6,278 6,150 6,030 239 248

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,172 5,052 4,659 4,544 513 508

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,613 2,349 2,331 2,107 281 242

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.5 46.5 50.0 46.4 54.9 47.6

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,505 2,288 2,237 2,053 268 235

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.4 45.3 48.0 45.2 52.2 46.3

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 61 94 54 14 7

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 2.6 4.0 2.6 4.9 2.7

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,559 2,703 2,328 2,437 232 266

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223,294 225,332 98,902 100,141 124,392 125,191

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,177 147,854 74,202 75,159 71,976 72,695

Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.5 65.6 75.0 75.1 57.9 58.1

Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,732 141,908 70,856 72,152 68,876 69,755

Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 63.0 71.6 72.1 55.4 55.7

Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,445 5,946 3,345 3,007 3,100 2,939

Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.0 4.5 4.0 4.3 4.0

Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,117 77,478 24,701 24,982 52,416 52,496

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the

U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August

1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service

periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the

selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not

shown where base is less than 75,000).
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally

adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with a disability Persons with no disability

May

2016

May

2017

May

2016

May

2017

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... 30,209 30,732 222,965 224,035

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 6,186 6,326 152,614 153,653

Participation rate..................................................................... 20.5 20.6 68.4 68.6

Employed............................................................................. 5,583 5,722 146,010 147,685

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 18.5 18.6 65.5 65.9

Unemployed.......................................................................... 603 604 6,604 5,968

Unemployment rate............................................................... 9.7 9.5 4.3 3.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 24,023 24,406 70,351 70,382

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,804 2,722 76,583 76,969

Participation rate..................................................................... 35.6 34.4 82.3 82.6

Employed............................................................................. 2,517 2,457 73,169 73,958

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 32.0 31.0 78.6 79.4

Unemployed.......................................................................... 287 265 3,414 3,011

Unemployment rate............................................................... 10.2 9.7 4.5 3.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,073 5,194 16,504 16,160

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 2,233 2,565 67,910 68,046

Participation rate..................................................................... 27.7 31.0 70.5 70.8

Employed............................................................................. 1,989 2,279 64,927 65,362

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 24.7 27.5 67.4 68.0

Unemployed.......................................................................... 245 286 2,983 2,684

Unemployment rate............................................................... 11.0 11.2 4.4 3.9

Not in labor force....................................................................... 5,830 5,716 28,427 28,042

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force..................................................................... 1,149 1,039 8,122 8,637

Participation rate..................................................................... 8.0 7.2 24.2 24.8

Employed............................................................................. 1,078 986 7,915 8,364

Employment-population ratio.................................................... 7.6 6.8 23.6 24.0

Unemployed.......................................................................... 71 53 207 273

Unemployment rate............................................................... 6.2 5.1 2.5 3.2

Not in labor force....................................................................... 13,120 13,495 25,421 26,181

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty

seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or

emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as

visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with

the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity

Total Men Women

May

2016

May

2017

May

2016

May

2017

May

2016

May

2017

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 40,693 41,390 19,810 20,132 20,882 21,259

Civilian labor force.................................................. 26,243 27,315 15,269 15,737 10,973 11,578

Participation rate.................................................. 64.5 66.0 77.1 78.2 52.5 54.5

Employed.......................................................... 25,274 26,290 14,781 15,258 10,493 11,031

Employment-population ratio................................. 62.1 63.5 74.6 75.8 50.3 51.9

Unemployed....................................................... 969 1,025 489 479 480 547

Unemployment rate............................................ 3.7 3.8 3.2 3.0 4.4 4.7

Not in labor force.................................................... 14,450 14,075 4,541 4,395 9,909 9,680

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population................................... 212,482 213,377 102,506 102,989 109,976 110,388

Civilian labor force.................................................. 132,557 132,664 69,255 69,271 63,303 63,393

Participation rate.................................................. 62.4 62.2 67.6 67.3 57.6 57.4

Employed.......................................................... 126,319 127,117 65,892 66,314 60,427 60,804

Employment-population ratio................................. 59.4 59.6 64.3 64.4 54.9 55.1

Unemployed....................................................... 6,238 5,547 3,362 2,957 2,875 2,590

Unemployment rate............................................ 4.7 4.2 4.9 4.3 4.5 4.1

Not in labor force.................................................... 79,925 80,713 33,251 33,718 46,674 46,995

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States

or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born

in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

May

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

May

2017

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries................. 2,620 2,587 2,564 2,567 2,418 2,458 2,499 2,646 2,507

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 1,695 1,663 1,676 1,668 1,633 1,603 1,647 1,730 1,645

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 899 900 865 864 795 841 853 879 833

Unpaid family workers........................... 26 24 23 – – – – – –

Nonagricultural industries.......................... 148,974 150,676 150,843 148,477 149,582 150,026 150,429 150,481 150,417

Wage and salary workers1

...................... 139,978 142,061 142,130 139,677 140,952 141,101 141,663 141,931 141,849

Government..................................... 20,889 20,901 21,015 20,615 20,796 20,843 20,858 20,683 20,772

Private industries............................... 119,089 121,160 121,115 119,043 120,189 120,258 120,904 121,281 121,096

Private households.......................... 732 680 655 – – – – – –

Other industries.............................. 118,357 120,480 120,460 118,319 119,467 119,535 120,148 120,592 120,441

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . .. 8,914 8,563 8,660 8,807 8,552 8,826 8,707 8,489 8,550

Unpaid family workers........................... 82 53 53 – – – – – –

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2

All industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 6,238 5,058 5,038 6,409 5,840 5,704 5,553 5,272 5,219

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,721 3,059 2,921 3,879 3,583 3,574 3,402 3,174 3,082

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,162 1,767 1,860 2,064 1,944 1,864 1,852 1,802 1,789

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,888 21,257 21,373 20,611 20,487 20,773 20,723 20,700 21,020

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons3

.................. 6,188 4,990 4,994 6,343 5,769 5,637 5,502 5,197 5,154

Slack work or business conditions............. 3,685 3,019 2,900 3,828 3,535 3,540 3,386 3,130 3,045

Could only find part-time work.................. 2,156 1,750 1,853 2,059 1,947 1,853 1,842 1,781 1,776

Part time for noneconomic reasons4

.............. 20,492 20,849 21,060 20,215 20,136 20,445 20,396 20,349 20,677

1

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for

the entire week.

3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business

conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.

4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or

training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to

34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

May

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

May

2017

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,594 153,262 153,407 151,058 152,081 152,528 153,000 153,156 152,923

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,857 4,866 4,941 4,914 5,028 5,023 5,173 5,105 5,017

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,663 1,699 1,802 1,739 1,813 1,779 1,904 1,884 1,888

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,194 3,167 3,138 3,185 3,219 3,252 3,269 3,244 3,145

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,737 148,396 148,466 146,144 147,054 147,505 147,826 148,051 147,906

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,018 14,082 14,130 14,072 14,070 14,181 14,198 14,247 14,177

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,719 134,314 134,337 131,996 132,956 133,252 133,639 133,741 133,647

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,203 98,920 98,867 97,795 98,190 98,371 98,557 98,649 98,481

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,707 34,455 34,291 33,549 34,136 34,247 34,460 34,413 34,160

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,693 31,833 31,929 31,579 31,553 31,614 31,592 31,745 31,794

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,803 32,633 32,647 32,668 32,502 32,511 32,506 32,491 32,527

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,516 35,394 35,469 34,201 34,765 34,880 35,081 35,092 35,166

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,673 81,341 81,572 80,389 81,013 81,141 81,136 81,419 81,290

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,432 2,419 2,446 2,462 2,509 2,567 2,581 2,581 2,489

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801 853 846 831 871 895 947 957 884

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,631 1,566 1,600 1,634 1,641 1,677 1,636 1,631 1,614

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,241 78,922 79,126 77,926 78,503 78,573 78,556 78,838 78,801

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,205 7,214 7,344 7,214 7,302 7,223 7,241 7,293 7,335

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,036 71,708 71,782 70,654 71,202 71,299 71,315 71,532 71,422

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,657 52,800 52,874 52,439 52,705 52,687 52,640 52,770 52,678

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,224 18,415 18,426 18,142 18,472 18,408 18,445 18,426 18,362

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,127 17,234 17,247 17,057 17,048 17,072 17,086 17,217 17,169

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,306 17,151 17,201 17,240 17,185 17,206 17,108 17,127 17,147

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,379 18,908 18,909 18,215 18,497 18,612 18,675 18,762 18,743

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,921 71,921 71,835 70,670 71,069 71,388 71,863 71,737 71,633

16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,424 2,447 2,495 2,452 2,518 2,456 2,593 2,524 2,528

16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862 846 956 907 942 884 956 927 1,004

18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,563 1,601 1,538 1,551 1,578 1,574 1,633 1,614 1,531

20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,496 69,474 69,340 68,218 68,550 68,932 69,271 69,213 69,105

20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,813 6,868 6,786 6,858 6,767 6,957 6,958 6,954 6,842

25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,683 62,606 62,555 61,342 61,754 61,953 62,324 62,209 62,226

25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,546 46,120 45,994 45,356 45,485 45,685 45,918 45,879 45,803

25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,483 16,039 15,865 15,407 15,664 15,838 16,014 15,987 15,798

35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,566 14,599 14,682 14,521 14,505 14,541 14,505 14,528 14,624

45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,498 15,481 15,447 15,428 15,317 15,305 15,398 15,364 15,380

55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,137 16,486 16,561 15,986 16,269 16,268 16,406 16,330 16,423

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,215 46,135 45,968 45,007 45,593 46,017 45,907 46,029 45,784

Married women, spouse present1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,279 36,079 36,275 35,183 35,402 35,640 35,992 35,918 36,121

Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,831 9,654 9,470 – – – – – –

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,548 125,532 125,911 123,232 124,705 125,031 125,507 125,987 125,620

Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,046 27,731 27,496 27,928 27,405 27,554 27,603 27,233 27,366

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,472 7,609 7,584 7,428 7,562 7,822 7,960 7,683 7,589

Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.0

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,476 5,861 5,742 – – – – – –

Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,813 9,463 9,525 9,671 9,347 9,667 9,560 9,368 9,383

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.

2 Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.

4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic

Number of

unemployed persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

May

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

May

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

May

2017

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over........................... 7,451 7,056 6,861 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.3

16 to 19 years..................................... 950 881 837 16.2 15.0 15.0 13.7 14.7 14.3

16 to 17 years.................................. 391 379 285 18.4 16.0 18.0 17.4 16.8 13.1

18 to 19 years.................................. 541 465 536 14.5 14.5 13.5 11.2 12.5 14.6

20 years and over................................ 6,502 6,176 6,024 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.0 3.9

20 to 24 years.................................. 1,268 1,118 1,014 8.3 8.3 8.0 7.3 7.3 6.7

25 years and over.............................. 5,245 5,041 5,022 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.6

25 to 54 years............................... 4,069 3,910 3,928 4.0 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.8

25 to 34 years............................. 1,780 1,576 1,747 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.5 4.4 4.9

35 to 44 years............................. 1,137 1,190 1,092 3.5 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.6 3.3

45 to 54 years............................. 1,152 1,144 1,089 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.2

55 years and over........................... 1,184 1,160 1,121 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.1

Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,979 3,755 3,606 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.2

16 to 19 years..................................... 485 502 465 16.5 15.9 16.0 14.8 16.3 15.7

16 to 17 years.................................. 196 181 140 19.1 17.2 17.7 17.7 15.9 13.7

18 to 19 years.................................. 280 295 315 14.6 15.1 15.3 12.8 15.3 16.4

20 years and over................................ 3,493 3,253 3,141 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.0 3.8

20 to 24 years.................................. 703 668 632 8.9 9.3 9.4 8.5 8.4 7.9

25 years and over.............................. 2,811 2,564 2,517 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.4

25 to 54 years............................... 2,121 1,945 1,961 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.6

25 to 34 years............................. 972 846 895 5.1 4.9 5.0 4.8 4.4 4.6

35 to 44 years............................. 590 601 534 3.3 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.4 3.0

45 to 54 years............................. 560 499 531 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.8 3.0

55 years and over........................... 690 619 557 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.2 2.9

Women, 16 years and over........................ 3,473 3,301 3,255 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.3 4.4 4.3

16 to 19 years..................................... 464 379 372 15.9 14.2 13.9 12.6 13.1 12.8

16 to 17 years.................................. 195 198 145 17.7 14.8 18.3 17.0 17.6 12.6

18 to 19 years.................................. 260 169 221 14.4 13.8 11.6 9.6 9.5 12.6

20 years and over................................ 3,008 2,922 2,883 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.1 4.0

20 to 24 years.................................. 565 451 383 7.6 7.1 6.5 6.0 6.1 5.3

25 years and over.............................. 2,434 2,477 2,504 3.8 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.9

25 to 54 years............................... 1,948 1,964 1,967 4.1 4.2 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.1

25 to 34 years............................. 808 730 852 5.0 5.0 4.6 4.2 4.4 5.1

35 to 44 years............................. 547 589 557 3.6 4.1 4.5 4.1 3.9 3.7

45 to 54 years............................. 593 645 558 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.4 4.0 3.5

55 years and over........................... 522 548 583 3.2 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.4

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present1

.................... 1,225 1,136 1,082 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.3

Married women, spouse present1................. 1,035 1,021 945 2.9 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.5

Women who maintain families2.................... 694 615 688 6.6 6.3 6.5 5.5 6.0 6.8

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers3................................... 6,086 5,613 5,488 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.2

Part-time workers4.................................. 1,342 1,425 1,366 4.6 4.8 5.1 4.9 5.0 4.8

1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.

2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.

3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time

jobs.

4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from

part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment

of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

May

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

May

2017

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 3,322 3,369 3,017 3,578 3,713 3,709 3,519 3,538 3,327

On temporary layoff.............................. 645 794 575 836 1,062 979 953 934 814

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 2,677 2,576 2,442 2,742 2,651 2,730 2,567 2,604 2,513

Permanent job losers.......................... 1,955 1,795 1,699 1,985 1,981 2,042 1,819 1,806 1,741

Persons who completed temporary jobs. . .. 722 781 743 757 670 688 748 799 772

Job leavers........................................... 744 726 741 803 862 802 798 789 804

Reentrants............................................ 2,305 1,858 2,187 2,215 2,170 2,197 2,066 2,032 2,100

New entrants......................................... 835 602 628 865 813 773 790 712 656

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 46.1 51.4 45.9 48.0 49.1 49.6 49.1 50.0 48.3

On temporary layoff.............................. 9.0 12.1 8.7 11.2 14.0 13.1 13.3 13.2 11.8

Not on temporary layoff.......................... 37.1 39.3 37.2 36.7 35.1 36.5 35.8 36.8 36.5

Job leavers........................................... 10.3 11.1 11.3 10.8 11.4 10.7 11.1 11.2 11.7

Reentrants............................................ 32.0 28.4 33.3 29.7 28.7 29.4 28.8 28.7 30.5

New entrants......................................... 11.6 9.2 9.5 11.6 10.8 10.3 11.0 10.1 9.5

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE

CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs.................................... 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1

Job leavers........................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants............................................ 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3

New entrants......................................... 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

May

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

May

2017

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 2,243 1,953 2,106 2,197 2,468 2,566 2,334 2,335 2,154

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 1,850 1,735 1,592 2,251 2,089 2,138 2,109 2,135 1,960

15 weeks and over.................................. 3,113 2,868 2,874 3,068 3,043 2,858 2,802 2,734 2,820

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 1,219 1,206 1,213 1,174 1,192 1,057 1,115 1,108 1,157

27 weeks and over............................... 1,894 1,662 1,661 1,893 1,850 1,801 1,687 1,626 1,663

Average (mean) duration, in weeks............... 27.8 25.7 25.7 26.7 25.1 25.1 25.3 24.1 24.7

Median duration, in weeks......................... 11.4 12.1 11.3 10.6 10.2 10.0 10.3 10.2 10.4

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks.................................. 31.1 29.8 32.0 29.2 32.5 33.9 32.2 32.4 31.1

5 to 14 weeks........................................ 25.7 26.5 24.2 30.0 27.5 28.3 29.1 29.6 28.3

15 weeks and over.................................. 43.2 43.7 43.7 40.8 40.0 37.8 38.7 38.0 40.7

15 to 26 weeks.................................... 16.9 18.4 18.5 15.6 15.7 14.0 15.4 15.4 16.7

27 weeks and over............................... 26.3 25.4 25.3 25.2 24.4 23.8 23.3 22.6 24.0

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation

Employed Unemployed Unemployment

rates

May

2016

May

2017

May

2016

May

2017

May

2016

May

2017

Total, 16 years and over1............................................. 151,594 153,407 7,207 6,572 4.5 4.1

Management, professional, and related occupations........... 59,613 61,174 1,305 1,208 2.1 1.9

Management, business, and financial operations

occupations..................................................... 24,907 25,319 606 463 2.4 1.8

Professional and related occupations.......................... 34,706 35,855 699 745 2.0 2.0

Service occupations................................................ 26,931 27,001 1,533 1,529 5.4 5.4

Sales and office occupations...................................... 33,235 33,015 1,541 1,394 4.4 4.1

Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,721 15,510 850 733 5.1 4.5

Office and administrative support occupations............... 17,515 17,506 690 660 3.8 3.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance

occupations........................................................ 13,941 14,402 827 854 5.6 5.6

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.................... 1,227 1,245 113 81 8.4 6.1

Construction and extraction occupations...................... 7,964 8,235 519 562 6.1 6.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations........... 4,750 4,921 196 211 4.0 4.1

Production, transportation, and material moving

occupations........................................................ 17,873 17,815 1,154 944 6.1 5.0

Production occupations.......................................... 8,725 8,670 569 416 6.1 4.6

Transportation and material moving occupations............ 9,148 9,144 584 527 6.0 5.5

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Number of

unemployed

persons

(in thousands)

Unemployment

rates

May

2016

May

2017

May

2016

May

2017

Total, 16 years and over1

................................................................ 7,207 6,572 4.5 4.1

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................................. 5,473 5,074 4.4 4.0

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... 96 20 11.1 2.5

Construction.......................................................................... 461 502 5.2 5.3

Manufacturing........................................................................ 738 504 4.7 3.2

Durable goods..................................................................... 466 327 4.7 3.3

Nondurable goods................................................................ 272 178 4.8 3.1

Wholesale and retail trade......................................................... 981 916 5.0 4.7

Transportation and utilities......................................................... 254 262 3.9 4.2

Information............................................................................ 134 123 5.2 4.7

Financial activities................................................................... 178 232 1.8 2.3

Professional and business services............................................... 713 690 4.3 4.1

Education and health services..................................................... 679 675 2.9 2.8

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 933 905 6.6 6.3

Other services........................................................................ 305 245 4.6 3.6

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... 116 103 6.5 6.0

Government workers................................................................... 452 471 2.1 2.2

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers............ 330 297 3.2 3.0

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2016

Apr.

2017

May

2017

May

2016

Jan.

2017

Feb.

2017

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017

May

2017

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,

as a percent of the civilian labor force......... 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed

temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian

labor force......................................... 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the

civilian labor force (official unemployment

rate)................................................ 4.5 4.1 4.1 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.3

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged

workers, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus discouraged workers................. 4.9 4.4 4.3 5.0 5.1 5.0 4.8 4.7 4.5

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged

workers, plus all other persons marginally

attached to the labor force, as a percent of

the civilian labor force plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . .. 5.6 5.0 5.0 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.4 5.3 5.2

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons

marginally attached to the labor force, plus

total employed part time for economic

reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor

force plus all persons marginally attached to

the labor force..................................... 9.4 8.1 8.1 9.7 9.4 9.2 8.9 8.6 8.4

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and

are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have

given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are

available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of

January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category

Total Men Women

May

2016

May

2017

May

2016

May

2017

May

2016

May

2017

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force........................................... 94,374 94,788 37,792 38,113 56,582 56,675

Persons who currently want a job................................ 6,449 5,976 3,061 2,801 3,388 3,175

Marginally attached to the labor force1........................ 1,713 1,475 896 761 817 714

Discouraged workers2

......................................... 538 355 339 191 199 163

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. .. 1,175 1,121 557 570 617 551

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders4

............................................. 7,472 7,584 3,677 3,831 3,796 3,752

Percent of total employed.......................................... 4.9 4.9 4.6 4.7 5.4 5.2

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................... 4,052 4,136 2,237 2,295 1,815 1,840

Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 2,140 2,067 725 715 1,415 1,352

Primary and secondary jobs both full time....................... 256 301 176 217 80 84

Hours vary on primary or secondary job......................... 970 1,029 507 580 462 449

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference

week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.

2

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks

schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.

3

Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and

transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.

4

Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

May

2017p

May

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

May

2017p

Change

from:

Apr.2017 -

May2017p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,525 144,940 145,938 146,748 143,869 145,823 145,997 146,135 138

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,987 122,249 123,221 124,109 121,682 123,511 123,684 123,831 147

Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,727 19,587 19,786 20,016 19,699 19,950 19,969 19,985 16

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667 680 689 700 674 691 700 706 6

Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.9 48.6 48.2 49.1 51.6 50.5 51.0 50.7 -0.3

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617.5 631.4 640.6 650.6 622.6 640.4 648.7 655.3 6.6

Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179.2 176.8 177.0 178.9 180.4 178.3 179.2 179.8 0.6

Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181.1 179.8 185.4 184.8 178.9 183.9 185.0 183.1 -1.9

Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.5 50.1 50.5 50.6 49.8 50.4 50.6 51.0 0.4

Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.6 39.1 38.9 38.7 38.7 39.2 39.1 38.8 -0.3

Nonmetallic mineral mining and

quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.0 90.6 96.0 95.5 90.3 94.3 95.3 93.3 -2.0

Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257.2 274.8 278.2 286.9 263.3 278.2 284.5 292.4 7.9

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,748 6,582 6,758 6,940 6,690 6,871 6,870 6,881 11

Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,486.5 1,478.4 1,497.0 1,530.2 1,487.7 1,523.7 1,525.6 1,531.1 5.5

Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731.0 738.7 749.3 765.9 730.5 765.8 764.8 766.8 2.0

Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755.5 739.7 747.7 764.3 757.2 757.9 760.8 764.3 3.5

Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . 968.5 888.6 943.1 993.8 946.4 964.0 962.3 969.5 7.2

Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,293.3 4,215.0 4,318.1 4,416.0 4,255.7 4,382.8 4,382.0 4,380.8 -1.2

Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . 1,869.2 1,842.9 1,895.1 1,952.0 1,846.2 1,923.7 1,925.1 1,930.2 5.1

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 2,424.1 2,372.1 2,423.0 2,464.0 2,409.5 2,459.1 2,456.9 2,450.6 -6.3

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,312 12,325 12,339 12,376 12,335 12,388 12,399 12,398 -1

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,709 7,706 7,712 7,733 7,712 7,728 7,734 7,736 2

Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391.9 392.0 393.4 394.1 391.1 396.2 395.6 393.2 -2.4

Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411.2 407.5 412.6 417.2 406.3 416.3 415.4 412.2 -3.2

Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377.9 379.0 380.6 383.9 378.7 379.6 381.9 384.8 2.9

Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,425.2 1,425.6 1,427.1 1,431.2 1,425.1 1,428.3 1,427.8 1,431.3 3.5

Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,072.9 1,079.8 1,081.8 1,084.9 1,076.7 1,080.5 1,084.4 1,088.1 3.7

Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . 1,051.4 1,034.8 1,032.6 1,034.0 1,051.9 1,037.0 1,036.4 1,034.7 -1.7

Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . 164.9 160.5 160.5 161.9 164.8 161.5 161.5 161.9 0.4

Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.8 84.5 84.6 84.7 85.9 84.7 84.8 84.7 -0.1

Semiconductors and electronic

components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370.1 359.9 357.9 357.1 370.4 360.5 358.9 357.5 -1.4

Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395.3 396.3 396.2 397.1 395.5 396.7 397.6 397.2 -0.4

Miscellaneous computer and electronic

products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.3 33.6 33.4 33.2 35.3 33.7 33.6 33.3 -0.3

Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . 381.2 385.7 385.3 385.2 382.1 386.3 386.3 386.0 -0.3

Transportation equipment1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,621.9 1,620.2 1,617.0 1,620.7 1,623.6 1,618.1 1,620.3 1,622.7 2.4

Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937.3 946.5 946.6 942.7 938.4 943.2 945.2 943.7 -1.5

Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387.0 391.1 391.6 392.2 387.2 392.3 392.9 392.6 -0.3

Miscellaneous durable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588.8 590.4 590.4 589.6 589.4 592.9 592.5 590.5 -2.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,603 4,619 4,627 4,643 4,623 4,660 4,665 4,662 -3

Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,523.8 1,560.3 1,569.1 1,573.4 1,545.3 1,585.5 1,594.1 1,594.7 0.6

Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.7 110.8 109.8 110.2 114.1 110.8 110.1 109.8 -0.3

Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.1 111.7 111.6 111.5 116.3 112.5 112.0 111.7 -0.3

Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.0 124.0 122.8 122.3 131.7 124.5 123.6 123.1 -0.5

Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371.9 368.7 369.8 370.2 372.2 370.3 370.8 370.3 -0.5

Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . 448.5 439.2 437.9 436.3 448.2 439.7 438.1 436.1 -2.0

Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.5 108.3 110.3 113.3 111.5 111.3 111.9 112.0 0.1

Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810.3 816.6 815.8 817.8 811.1 817.1 817.5 818.3 0.8

Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704.2 701.7 700.0 699.3 701.1 700.6 699.1 695.3 -3.8

Miscellaneous nondurable goods

manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269.6 278.0 279.7 288.4 271.6 287.2 287.3 290.6 3.3

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,260 102,662 103,435 104,093 101,983 103,561 103,715 103,846 131

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,112 27,029 27,115 27,245 27,187 27,352 27,352 27,346 -6

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,866.6 5,876.0 5,897.6 5,915.2 5,857.0 5,902.6 5,908.6 5,906.5 -2.1

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,928.3 2,931.7 2,941.6 2,949.4 2,926.4 2,941.3 2,947.4 2,947.0 -0.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,040.8 2,044.7 2,056.5 2,067.2 2,034.5 2,059.5 2,060.9 2,061.5 0.6

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

May

2017p

May

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

May

2017p

Change

from:

Apr.2017 -

May2017p

Wholesale trade - Continued

Electronic markets and agents and

brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897.5 899.6 899.5 898.6 896.1 901.8 900.3 898.0 -2.3

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,736.3 15,613.4 15,671.3 15,756.3 15,800.3 15,848.1 15,842.3 15,836.2 -6.1

Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,983.1 1,999.1 2,011.3 2,020.4 1,975.1 2,009.6 2,012.3 2,013.4 1.1

Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,277.6 1,297.4 1,300.0 1,304.8 1,277.0 1,301.7 1,302.9 1,304.7 1.8

Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.2 149.9 156.6 162.5 148.8 154.2 155.8 156.8 1.0

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . 551.3 551.8 554.7 553.1 549.3 553.7 553.6 552.0 -1.6

Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . 467.0 479.5 477.6 477.1 473.4 484.8 484.4 483.4 -1.0

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 513.2 508.6 502.5 497.7 528.3 514.2 513.0 511.2 -1.8

Building material and garden supply

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,343.5 1,285.5 1,329.3 1,356.7 1,269.2 1,286.7 1,281.9 1,283.5 1.6

Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,082.0 3,061.4 3,058.0 3,072.6 3,085.7 3,092.4 3,087.0 3,081.7 -5.3

Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,042.7 1,054.1 1,049.2 1,053.0 1,047.6 1,060.1 1,057.3 1,059.0 1.7

Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925.4 928.2 929.9 941.0 922.7 939.4 937.1 938.4 1.3

Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . 1,305.6 1,298.4 1,299.2 1,305.2 1,350.9 1,349.6 1,349.9 1,349.7 -0.2

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music

stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603.8 583.2 583.6 586.8 622.1 603.5 604.2 605.3 1.1

General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,113.7 3,058.3 3,063.1 3,057.2 3,160.0 3,116.4 3,120.6 3,114.4 -6.2

Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,266.0 1,240.5 1,239.1 1,232.9 1,303.0 1,277.9 1,276.8 1,273.1 -3.7

Other general merchandise stores. . . . . . . . 1,847.7 1,817.8 1,824.0 1,824.3 1,857.0 1,838.5 1,843.8 1,841.3 -2.5

Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835.3 809.8 819.4 837.2 831.4 834.2 834.8 833.5 -1.3

Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521.0 547.3 548.2 551.4 533.9 557.2 559.8 562.7 2.9

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,955.0 4,985.8 4,992.9 5,020.5 4,975.7 5,046.6 5,046.4 5,050.0 3.6

Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478.4 481.6 483.4 488.4 476.8 483.9 484.5 486.5 2.0

Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214.4 209.7 209.4 209.4 214.5 210.5 209.9 209.6 -0.3

Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.7 62.6 64.2 64.8 66.2 64.4 64.6 64.4 -0.2

Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,448.5 1,448.8 1,460.3 1,471.1 1,450.4 1,475.6 1,473.9 1,473.8 -0.1

Transit and ground passenger

transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501.7 484.5 479.8 490.4 483.7 470.4 466.9 471.4 4.5

Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.8 48.6 47.9 47.1 49.8 48.7 48.0 47.1 -0.9

Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . 36.8 27.5 31.4 38.8 34.3 35.5 35.9 36.0 0.1

Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . 655.3 659.2 664.3 659.6 657.3 662.1 663.6 661.1 -2.5

Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602.8 627.0 616.1 616.1 632.3 650.4 652.9 653.7 0.8

Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900.6 936.3 936.1 934.8 910.4 945.1 946.2 946.4 0.2

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553.8 553.5 552.9 552.8 553.5 555.0 554.5 553.2 -1.3

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,738 2,733 2,718 2,719 2,739 2,740 2,725 2,723 -2

Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . 725.4 725.2 721.4 721.8 729.7 727.8 725.0 726.0 1.0

Motion picture and sound recording

industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418.4 405.0 410.4 409.7 412.1 407.3 408.8 406.3 -2.5

Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269.4 266.5 262.4 259.1 270.3 265.8 262.1 260.1 -2.0

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 770.9 769.3 755.2 754.9 771.6 769.5 757.3 756.2 -1.1

Data processing, hosting and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298.4 299.0 300.5 302.7 297.9 300.7 301.1 302.1 1.0

Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255.9 267.5 268.3 270.8 257.5 268.9 270.5 272.3 1.8

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,248 8,356 8,377 8,414 8,263 8,403 8,417 8,428 11

Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,114.3 6,206.8 6,212.6 6,223.5 6,129.3 6,219.0 6,230.5 6,237.2 6.7

Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . 18.4 18.8 18.7 18.7 18.6 18.8 18.8 18.8 0.0

Credit intermediation and related

activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,601.3 2,644.0 2,644.7 2,651.2 2,605.7 2,648.5 2,650.6 2,655.3 4.7

Depository credit intermediation1

. . . . . . . . . . 1,696.9 1,714.2 1,712.1 1,719.3 1,697.5 1,715.2 1,715.4 1,719.1 3.7

Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,307.3 1,315.2 1,313.9 1,319.3 1,309.3 1,316.4 1,316.6 1,320.2 3.6

Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . 605.7 621.1 621.3 620.6 608.4 622.8 623.6 623.9 0.3

Activities related to credit intermediation.. . 298.7 308.7 311.3 311.3 299.8 310.6 311.7 312.3 0.6

Securities, commodity contracts,

investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . 923.9 932.1 934.1 934.6 928.9 936.8 938.5 938.7 0.2

Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . 2,570.7 2,611.9 2,615.1 2,619.0 2,576.1 2,614.9 2,622.6 2,624.4 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,134.0 2,149.2 2,164.6 2,190.2 2,133.2 2,184.3 2,186.0 2,190.4 4.4

Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,548.1 1,577.3 1,588.5 1,597.1 1,549.6 1,596.8 1,599.3 1,600.3 1.0

Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562.5 548.9 553.1 569.9 560.2 564.2 563.4 566.9 3.5

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.4 23.0 23.0 23.2 23.4 23.3 23.3 23.2 -0.1

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

May

2017p

May

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

May

2017p

Change

from:

Apr.2017 -

May2017p

Private service-providing - Continued

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,027 20,337 20,556 20,648 20,022 20,568 20,606 20,644 38

Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . 8,776.9 9,120.0 9,159.2 9,054.7 8,833.8 9,078.0 9,101.1 9,112.0 10.9

Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,116.9 1,118.7 1,121.6 1,124.8 1,120.1 1,123.3 1,125.7 1,127.7 2.0

Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . 932.9 1,105.3 1,096.3 952.8 980.9 996.9 1,002.4 1,002.0 -0.4

Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . 1,403.1 1,429.0 1,435.8 1,446.9 1,403.2 1,446.3 1,446.4 1,446.8 0.4

Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.4 141.3 142.4 142.0 138.9 142.9 142.7 141.8 -0.9

Computer systems design and related

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,978.7 2,027.6 2,040.2 2,043.4 1,980.9 2,044.7 2,045.9 2,045.7 -0.2

Management and technical consulting

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,358.8 1,410.9 1,424.7 1,435.8 1,361.6 1,424.6 1,432.5 1,438.9 6.4

Scientific research and development

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680.1 697.0 697.4 702.5 678.5 699.8 699.6 701.4 1.8

Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 489.5 487.0 489.8 488.5 490.5 490.0 492.2 489.3 -2.9

Other professional and technical services. . . 677.5 703.2 711.0 718.0 679.2 709.5 713.6 718.4 4.8

Management of companies and enterprises. . . 2,228.2 2,260.8 2,260.3 2,268.3 2,230.4 2,267.9 2,269.6 2,271.3 1.7

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,022.3 8,956.5 9,136.3 9,325.3 8,958.2 9,221.6 9,235.6 9,260.8 25.2

Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . 8,619.7 8,548.8 8,726.0 8,909.6 8,556.1 8,806.6 8,820.9 8,845.3 24.4

Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 490.6 515.7 518.1 522.9 490.5 517.3 518.9 522.1 3.2

Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.4 139.5 141.3 141.8 140.7 139.2 140.9 141.3 0.4

Employment services1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,518.9 3,547.7 3,586.2 3,672.3 3,525.5 3,661.6 3,666.2 3,680.4 14.2

Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,869.3 2,900.3 2,933.1 3,006.7 2,875.8 2,999.3 3,003.4 3,016.3 12.9

Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896.7 912.4 906.3 899.0 907.7 915.2 913.3 911.6 -1.7

Travel arrangement and reservation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218.3 215.2 214.9 215.8 216.6 216.2 214.6 214.3 -0.3

Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . 896.3 905.7 906.2 911.1 898.8 912.7 912.0 913.9 1.9

Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . 2,144.9 1,992.7 2,131.3 2,222.9 2,065.1 2,123.6 2,133.3 2,139.7 6.4

Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312.6 319.9 321.7 323.8 311.2 320.8 321.9 322.0 0.1

Waste management and remediation

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402.6 407.7 410.3 415.7 402.1 415.0 414.7 415.5 0.8

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,617 23,115 23,187 23,145 22,544 22,972 23,022 23,069 47

Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,604.8 3,788.2 3,800.2 3,697.3 3,557.1 3,624.9 3,630.1 3,644.8 14.7

Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,012.4 19,326.6 19,386.4 19,447.7 18,987.2 19,346.7 19,391.6 19,423.9 32.3

Health care3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,361.1 15,615.8 15,648.5 15,687.6 15,373.4 15,653.6 15,678.2 15,702.5 24.3

Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . 7,054.7 7,212.9 7,243.5 7,266.7 7,053.3 7,233.5 7,253.2 7,265.8 12.6

Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,513.9 2,562.4 2,570.3 2,574.6 2,517.3 2,567.1 2,575.3 2,578.5 3.2

Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 924.3 937.5 938.4 943.5 924.2 942.0 941.2 943.6 2.4

Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . 855.2 888.1 893.0 900.3 852.9 891.8 894.4 897.9 3.5

Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 849.8 897.0 897.7 898.3 849.7 896.9 897.2 897.9 0.7

Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . 262.6 257.9 258.1 257.3 262.8 258.4 258.0 258.1 0.1

Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,362.7 1,382.6 1,393.6 1,400.4 1,359.4 1,388.5 1,394.8 1,397.3 2.5

Other ambulatory health care

services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286.2 287.4 292.4 292.3 287.0 288.9 292.3 292.6 0.3

Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,998.2 5,090.3 5,085.2 5,092.0 5,008.9 5,093.3 5,097.0 5,104.4 7.4

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . 3,308.2 3,312.6 3,319.8 3,328.9 3,311.2 3,326.8 3,328.0 3,332.3 4.3

Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,640.9 1,633.8 1,635.7 1,635.8 1,643.9 1,642.4 1,640.6 1,639.7 -0.9

Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . 614.2 618.1 619.8 623.8 614.6 619.4 620.7 623.6 2.9

Community care facilities for the

elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 889.6 897.6 899.2 904.6 888.9 900.4 901.2 903.8 2.6

Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . 163.5 163.1 165.1 164.7 163.9 164.6 165.4 165.2 -0.2

Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,651.3 3,710.8 3,737.9 3,760.1 3,613.8 3,693.1 3,713.4 3,721.4 8.0

Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,223.5 2,278.9 2,297.8 2,310.1 2,210.7 2,276.7 2,293.2 2,298.0 4.8

Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . 160.5 169.0 168.7 169.5 160.7 168.7 167.9 169.6 1.7

Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . 338.8 331.8 336.3 335.0 338.3 334.9 337.2 334.6 -2.6

Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 928.5 931.1 935.1 945.5 904.0 912.7 915.1 919.1 4.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,824 15,398 15,750 16,150 15,561 15,803 15,861 15,892 31

Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,302.7 2,067.0 2,204.7 2,346.3 2,213.8 2,236.6 2,260.9 2,258.7 -2.2

Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . 472.6 424.3 468.2 483.5 446.9 444.1 454.8 456.2 1.4

Museums, historical sites, and similar

institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.9 153.2 160.9 172.5 160.0 162.6 164.5 165.9 1.4

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . 1,664.2 1,489.5 1,575.6 1,690.3 1,606.9 1,629.9 1,641.6 1,636.6 -5.0

Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,521.1 13,330.7 13,545.7 13,804.1 13,346.7 13,566.8 13,599.9 13,632.9 33.0

See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

— Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted

May

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

May

2017p

May

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

May

2017p

Change

from:

Apr.2017 -

May2017p

Accommodation and food services -

Continued

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,943.1 1,883.1 1,909.3 1,961.0 1,941.8 1,951.4 1,958.2 1,960.9 2.7

Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 11,578.0 11,447.6 11,636.4 11,843.1 11,404.9 11,615.4 11,641.7 11,672.0 30.3

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,694 5,694 5,732 5,772 5,667 5,723 5,732 5,744 12

Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,295.9 1,293.3 1,298.2 1,302.7 1,286.5 1,293.1 1,292.8 1,293.6 0.8

Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,452.3 1,458.7 1,480.2 1,494.5 1,439.3 1,469.6 1,476.8 1,480.8 4.0

Membership associations and organizations. . . 2,945.9 2,942.3 2,953.1 2,974.4 2,941.5 2,960.2 2,962.3 2,969.7 7.4

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,538 22,691 22,717 22,639 22,187 22,312 22,313 22,304 -9

Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,790.0 2,796.0 2,799.0 2,812.0 2,791.0 2,813.0 2,807.0 2,815.0 8.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,182.8 2,179.9 2,184.7 2,195.6 2,182.0 2,196.0 2,195.6 2,196.8 1.2

U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607.3 615.6 614.1 616.7 608.8 616.9 611.4 618.4 7.0

State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,096.0 5,250.0 5,262.0 5,100.0 5,079.0 5,094.0 5,093.0 5,085.0 -8.0

State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,414.6 2,578.2 2,588.8 2,429.9 2,403.8 2,417.9 2,420.2 2,418.8 -1.4

State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 2,681.4 2,671.9 2,672.8 2,670.1 2,674.9 2,676.1 2,672.8 2,665.7 -7.1

Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,652.0 14,645.0 14,656.0 14,727.0 14,317.0 14,405.0 14,413.0 14,404.0 -9.0

Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,248.9 8,300.7 8,277.1 8,280.7 7,913.9 7,956.8 7,960.1 7,954.3 -5.8

Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 6,403.5 6,344.1 6,378.7 6,446.4 6,403.4 6,447.8 6,453.0 6,449.7 -3.3

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2

Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.

3

Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry May

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

May

2017p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 34.4 34.3 34.4 34.4

Goods-producing.................................................................... 40.3 40.1 40.3 40.3

Mining and logging................................................................ 43.1 44.7 45.0 44.9

Construction....................................................................... 39.1 38.7 39.2 39.2

Manufacturing..................................................................... 40.7 40.6 40.7 40.7

Durable goods.................................................................. 41.2 41.1 41.1 41.2

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 39.9 39.7 40.0 39.9

Private service-providing............................................................ 33.2 33.2 33.3 33.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 34.3 34.3 34.5 34.4

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.8 38.9 39.0 39.0

Retail trade...................................................................... 31.0 30.9 31.2 31.0

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.8 38.5 38.7 38.7

Utilities........................................................................... 42.2 42.3 42.0 42.0

Information......................................................................... 36.0 36.3 36.3 36.3

Financial activities................................................................ 37.4 37.3 37.5 37.4

Professional and business services............................................ 36.1 36.0 36.0 36.0

Education and health services.................................................. 32.8 32.9 32.9 32.9

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 26.1 26.0 26.1 26.0

Other services..................................................................... 31.9 31.9 31.9 31.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3

Durable goods....................................................................... 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3

Nondurable goods................................................................... 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

May

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

May

2017p

May

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

May

2017p

Total private............................................... $25.59 $26.13 $26.18 $26.22 $880.30 $896.26 $900.59 $901.97

Goods-producing....................................... 26.90 27.35 27.48 27.46 1,084.07 1,096.74 1,107.44 1,106.64

Mining and logging.................................. 32.33 32.60 32.62 32.79 1,393.42 1,457.22 1,467.90 1,472.27

Construction.......................................... 28.06 28.56 28.55 28.68 1,097.15 1,105.27 1,119.16 1,124.26

Manufacturing........................................ 25.99 26.39 26.59 26.47 1,057.79 1,071.43 1,082.21 1,077.33

Durable goods.................................... 27.31 27.64 27.85 27.70 1,125.17 1,136.00 1,144.64 1,141.24

Nondurable goods................................ 23.71 24.24 24.45 24.35 946.03 962.33 978.00 971.57

Private service-providing.............................. 25.28 25.84 25.88 25.93 839.30 857.89 861.80 860.88

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 22.26 22.64 22.65 22.75 763.52 776.55 781.43 782.60

Wholesale trade.................................. 29.46 29.94 29.97 30.04 1,143.05 1,164.67 1,168.83 1,171.56

Retail trade........................................ 17.85 18.03 18.05 18.12 553.35 557.13 563.16 561.72

Transportation and warehousing............... 23.06 23.69 23.68 23.84 894.73 912.07 916.42 922.61

Utilities............................................. 38.24 38.88 39.30 38.98 1,613.73 1,644.62 1,650.60 1,637.16

Information........................................... 36.56 37.56 37.96 38.14 1,316.16 1,363.43 1,377.95 1,384.48

Financial activities................................... 32.15 32.74 32.87 32.96 1,202.41 1,221.20 1,232.63 1,232.70

Professional and business services.............. 30.75 31.57 31.54 31.49 1,110.08 1,136.52 1,135.44 1,133.64

Education and health services..................... 25.70 26.08 26.16 26.19 842.96 858.03 860.66 861.65

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 14.81 15.32 15.36 15.43 386.54 398.32 400.90 401.18

Other services....................................... 22.96 23.50 23.57 23.58 732.42 749.65 751.88 749.84

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by

industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

May

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

May

2017p

Percent

change

from:

Apr.

2017 -

May

2017p

May

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

May

2017p

Percent

change

from:

Apr.

2017 -

May

2017p

Total private..................................... 105.1 106.3 106.8 106.9 0.1 128.5 132.8 133.7 134.0 0.2

Goods-producing............................. 90.4 91.1 91.7 91.8 0.1 110.0 112.7 113.9 113.9 0.0

Mining and logging........................ 91.3 97.1 99.0 99.6 0.6 118.5 127.0 129.6 131.1 1.2

Construction................................ 90.2 91.7 92.8 93.0 0.2 109.9 113.7 115.2 115.9 0.6

Manufacturing.............................. 90.3 90.5 90.8 90.8 0.0 109.2 111.0 112.3 111.7 -0.5

Durable goods........................... 89.5 89.4 89.5 89.7 0.2 108.5 109.8 110.7 110.4 -0.3

Nondurable goods...................... 92.1 92.3 93.1 92.8 -0.3 110.7 113.6 115.5 114.7 -0.7

Private service-providing.................... 108.9 110.6 111.1 110.9 -0.2 133.8 138.9 139.7 139.8 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 101.4 102.0 102.6 102.3 -0.3 121.5 124.3 125.1 125.3 0.2

Wholesale trade......................... 99.2 100.2 100.5 100.5 0.0 121.9 125.2 125.7 126.0 0.2

Retail trade.............................. 99.5 99.5 100.4 99.7 -0.7 117.4 118.6 119.8 119.5 -0.3

Transportation and warehousing...... 110.5 111.2 111.8 111.9 0.1 129.3 133.7 134.3 135.3 0.7

Utilities.................................... 101.1 101.6 100.8 100.5 -0.3 127.7 130.5 130.8 129.5 -1.0

Information................................. 90.1 90.8 90.3 90.3 0.0 117.2 121.5 122.1 122.6 0.4

Financial activities......................... 101.2 102.7 103.4 103.2 -0.2 126.9 131.1 132.5 132.7 0.2

Professional and business services..... 113.7 116.5 116.7 116.9 0.2 141.6 149.0 149.1 149.1 0.0

Education and health services........... 120.7 123.4 123.7 123.9 0.2 149.3 154.8 155.6 156.1 0.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 115.9 117.2 118.1 117.9 -0.2 138.5 144.9 146.4 146.8 0.3

Other services............................. 104.2 105.3 105.4 105.3 -0.1 131.2 135.6 136.2 136.1 -0.1

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees

May

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

May

2017p

May

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

May

2017p

Total nonfarm............................................. 71,255 72,228 72,283 72,345 49.5 49.5 49.5 49.5

Total private............................................ 58,543 59,424 59,472 59,533 48.1 48.1 48.1 48.1

Goods-producing.................................... 4,310 4,364 4,375 4,380 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9

Mining and logging............................... 101 100 101 101 15.0 14.5 14.4 14.3

Construction....................................... 835 859 865 869 12.5 12.5 12.6 12.6

Manufacturing..................................... 3,374 3,405 3,409 3,410 27.4 27.5 27.5 27.5

Durable goods.................................. 1,803 1,807 1,807 1,805 23.4 23.4 23.4 23.3

Nondurable goods............................. 1,571 1,598 1,602 1,605 34.0 34.3 34.3 34.4

Private service-providing........................... 54,233 55,060 55,097 55,153 53.2 53.2 53.1 53.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............. 11,056 11,019 11,002 10,985 40.7 40.3 40.2 40.2

Wholesale trade................................ 1,733.7 1,741.3 1,740.9 1,741.3 29.6 29.5 29.5 29.5

Retail trade..................................... 7,978.4 7,925.9 7,912.1 7,898.2 50.5 50.0 49.9 49.9

Transportation and warehousing............. 1,213.0 1,224.0 1,221.3 1,218.0 24.4 24.3 24.2 24.1

Utilities........................................... 130.6 127.3 127.5 127.3 23.6 22.9 23.0 23.0

Information......................................... 1,093 1,092 1,090 1,087 39.9 39.9 40.0 39.9

Financial activities................................ 4,706 4,757 4,759 4,758 57.0 56.6 56.5 56.5

Professional and business services............ 8,966 9,247 9,249 9,273 44.8 45.0 44.9 44.9

Education and health services.................. 17,370 17,707 17,737 17,774 77.0 77.1 77.0 77.0

Leisure and hospitality........................... 8,069 8,219 8,235 8,246 51.9 52.0 51.9 51.9

Other services..................................... 2,973 3,019 3,025 3,030 52.5 52.8 52.8 52.8

Government............................................. 12,712 12,804 12,811 12,812 57.3 57.4 57.4 57.4

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

sector, seasonally adjusted1

[In thousands]

Industry May

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

May

2017p

Total private............................................................................... 100,140 101,826 101,921 101,987

Goods-producing....................................................................... 14,180 14,369 14,374 14,378

Mining and logging.................................................................. 474 488 497 503

Construction.......................................................................... 5,051 5,186 5,171 5,165

Manufacturing........................................................................ 8,655 8,695 8,706 8,710

Durable goods..................................................................... 5,302 5,314 5,314 5,318

Nondurable goods................................................................ 3,353 3,381 3,392 3,392

Private service-providing.............................................................. 85,960 87,457 87,547 87,609

Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. 22,843 23,017 23,019 23,010

Wholesale trade................................................................... 4,684.7 4,726.8 4,732.2 4,731.2

Retail trade........................................................................ 13,415.0 13,462.2 13,455.8 13,448.2

Transportation and warehousing................................................ 4,300.5 4,380.2 4,384.5 4,385.1

Utilities.............................................................................. 443.0 447.4 446.5 445.1

Information............................................................................ 2,204 2,207 2,199 2,194

Financial activities................................................................... 6,405 6,531 6,538 6,544

Professional and business services............................................... 16,370 16,845 16,856 16,870

Education and health services..................................................... 19,763 20,177 20,217 20,258

Leisure and hospitality.............................................................. 13,675 13,937 13,968 13,974

Other services........................................................................ 4,700 4,743 4,750 4,759

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry May

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

May

2017p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. 33.6 33.6 33.7 33.6

Goods-producing.................................................................... 41.2 41.0 41.3 41.2

Mining and logging................................................................ 45.0 45.8 46.0 45.7

Construction....................................................................... 39.6 39.3 39.9 39.9

Manufacturing..................................................................... 41.9 41.8 41.8 41.8

Durable goods.................................................................. 42.3 42.2 42.2 42.2

Nondurable goods.............................................................. 41.1 41.0 41.2 41.1

Private service-providing............................................................ 32.3 32.4 32.4 32.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities.............................................. 33.5 33.6 33.8 33.7

Wholesale trade................................................................ 38.5 38.8 38.8 38.8

Retail trade...................................................................... 29.7 30.1 30.3 30.2

Transportation and warehousing............................................. 38.9 38.0 38.3 38.3

Utilities........................................................................... 42.1 42.6 42.5 42.3

Information......................................................................... 35.6 35.8 35.9 35.9

Financial activities................................................................ 36.9 36.9 36.9 37.0

Professional and business services............................................ 35.4 35.3 35.4 35.3

Education and health services.................................................. 32.2 32.2 32.1 32.1

Leisure and hospitality........................................................... 24.9 24.8 24.8 24.7

Other services..................................................................... 30.8 30.7 30.8 30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing........................................................................... 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2

Durable goods....................................................................... 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.4

Nondurable goods................................................................... 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.0

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private

nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

Industry

Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings

May

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

May

2017p

May

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

May

2017p

Total private............................................... $21.48 $21.90 $21.97 $22.00 $721.73 $735.84 $740.39 $739.20

Goods-producing....................................... 22.52 22.94 22.98 23.03 927.82 940.54 949.07 948.84

Mining and logging.................................. 27.12 27.73 27.55 27.31 1,220.40 1,270.03 1,267.30 1,248.07

Construction.......................................... 25.86 26.40 26.37 26.50 1,024.06 1,037.52 1,052.16 1,057.35

Manufacturing........................................ 20.41 20.70 20.77 20.79 855.18 865.26 868.19 869.02

Durable goods.................................... 21.48 21.66 21.71 21.75 908.60 914.05 916.16 917.85

Nondurable goods................................ 18.68 19.14 19.27 19.25 767.75 784.74 793.92 791.18

Private service-providing.............................. 21.26 21.69 21.75 21.79 686.70 702.76 704.70 706.00

Trade, transportation, and utilities................. 18.95 19.22 19.26 19.30 634.83 645.79 650.99 650.41

Wholesale trade.................................. 24.19 24.55 24.67 24.69 931.32 952.54 957.20 957.97

Retail trade........................................ 15.03 15.20 15.23 15.24 446.39 457.52 461.47 460.25

Transportation and warehousing............... 20.84 21.17 21.23 21.34 810.68 804.46 813.11 817.32

Utilities............................................. 35.03 36.30 36.23 36.28 1,474.76 1,546.38 1,539.78 1,534.64

Information........................................... 29.91 30.47 30.54 30.64 1,064.80 1,090.83 1,096.39 1,099.98

Financial activities................................... 26.04 26.36 26.45 26.48 960.88 972.68 976.01 979.76

Professional and business services.............. 25.34 25.92 26.01 26.02 897.04 914.98 920.75 918.51

Education and health services..................... 22.45 22.88 22.96 22.98 722.89 736.74 737.02 737.66

Leisure and hospitality.............................. 12.80 13.24 13.30 13.35 318.72 328.35 329.84 329.75

Other services....................................... 19.31 19.73 19.80 19.79 594.75 605.71 609.84 607.55

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on

private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1

[2002=100]

Industry

Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

May

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

May

2017p

Percent

change

from:

Apr.

2017 -

May

2017p

May

2016

Mar.

2017

Apr.

2017p

May

2017p

Percent

change

from:

Apr.

2017 -

May

2017p

Total private..................................... 112.1 114.0 114.4 114.2 -0.2 160.9 166.8 168.0 167.9 -0.1

Goods-producing............................. 89.3 90.0 90.7 90.5 -0.2 123.1 126.5 127.7 127.7 0.0

Mining and logging........................ 113.3 118.8 121.5 122.2 0.6 178.8 191.5 194.7 194.0 -0.4

Construction................................ 100.1 102.0 103.3 103.2 -0.1 139.8 145.5 147.1 147.7 0.4

Manufacturing.............................. 83.2 83.4 83.5 83.6 0.1 111.1 112.9 113.5 113.6 0.1

Durable goods........................... 84.3 84.3 84.3 84.3 0.0 113.0 114.0 114.2 114.5 0.3

Nondurable goods...................... 81.2 81.7 82.3 82.1 -0.2 107.2 110.5 112.1 111.7 -0.4

Private service-providing.................... 118.2 120.7 120.8 120.9 0.1 172.4 179.5 180.2 180.6 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities....... 106.7 107.8 108.5 108.1 -0.4 144.2 147.8 149.0 148.8 -0.1

Wholesale trade......................... 106.2 108.0 108.1 108.1 0.0 151.4 156.2 157.1 157.2 0.1

Retail trade.............................. 100.9 102.6 103.2 102.8 -0.4 129.9 133.6 134.7 134.3 -0.3

Transportation and warehousing...... 125.9 125.3 126.4 126.4 0.0 166.5 168.3 170.2 171.1 0.5

Utilities.................................... 95.4 97.5 97.0 96.3 -0.7 139.5 147.7 146.8 145.8 -0.7

Information................................. 89.6 90.2 90.1 89.9 -0.2 132.6 136.0 136.2 136.4 0.1

Financial activities......................... 111.3 113.5 113.6 114.0 0.4 178.2 184.0 184.8 185.7 0.5

Professional and business services..... 129.9 133.3 133.7 133.5 -0.1 195.8 205.6 207.0 206.7 -0.1

Education and health services........... 135.7 138.5 138.4 138.6 0.1 201.1 209.2 209.7 210.3 0.3

Leisure and hospitality.................... 124.7 126.6 126.9 126.4 -0.4 181.3 190.4 191.6 191.7 0.1

Other services............................. 101.5 102.1 102.6 102.5 -0.1 142.8 146.8 148.0 147.7 -0.2

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory

employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm

payrolls.

2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002

annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.

3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the

corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly

earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.

p Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.