TEXT
Table 1.  CIVILIAN WORKERS: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent of total             
Table 2. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent of total    
Table 3. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY BROAD INDUSTRY CATEGORIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs    
Table 4. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY BROAD OCCUPATIONAL CATEGORIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs   
Table 5. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY REGION AND UNION STATUS: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a    
Table 6. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY ESTABLISHMENT EMPLOYMENT SIZE: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and      
Table 7. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY INDUSTRY CATEGORIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs           
Table 8. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY OCCUPATIONAL CATEGORIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as    
Table 9. PRIVATE GOODS-PRODUCING INDUSTRIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a           
Table 10. PRIVATE SERVICE-PRODUCING INDUSTRIES: Employer costs per hour worked for meployee compensation, and costs as a        
Table 11. PRIVATE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent    
Table 12. PRIVATE NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as           
Table 13.  PRIVATE INDUSTRY UNION WORKERS: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent     
Table 14.  PRIVATE INDUSTRY NONUNION WORKERS: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a          
Table 15. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY ESTABLISHMENT EMPLOYMENT SIZE: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs   
Table 16.  AEROSPACE INDUSTRY: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent of total        

                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
Technical contact:                  USDL:  93-220                                                                                   
Brenda Rogers  (202) 606-6199                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                    
Media contact:                      FOR RELEASE: Immediate                                                                          
Kathryn Hoyle   (202) 606-5902      Friday, June 18, 1993                                                                           
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
         EMPLOYER COSTS FOR EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION - MARCH 1993                                                                      
                                                                                                                                    
     Employer costs for employee compensation in the U.S. economy                                                                   
(private industry and state and local governments) averaged $17.88 per                                                              
hour worked in March 1993, the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of                                                                 
Labor Statistics reported today.  Straight-time wages and salaries (70.9                                                            
percent of the costs) averaged $12.68 an hour, while benefit costs (the                                                             
remaining 29.1 percent) averaged $5.20.                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                    
     Legally required benefits (e.g., social security, workers'                                                                     
compensation, unemployment insurance) averaged $1.53 per hour worked--                                                              
the largest cost to employers among the benefit categories.  Legally                                                                
required benefits accounted for 8.6 percent of total compensation costs                                                             
and nearly one-third of all benefit costs.  (See table 1.)                                                                          
                                                                                                                                    
     Other important benefit categories and their average costs per hour                                                            
worked were: Insurance ($1.32), paid leave ($1.22), retirement and                                                                  
savings (70 cents), and supplemental pay (39 cents), which includes                                                                 
premium pay for overtime, shift pay, nonproduction bonuses, and lump-sum                                                            
payments provided in lieu of wage increases.                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                    
Private industry                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
     In private industry, March 1993 employer compensation costs                                                                    
averaged $16.70 per hour worked, straight-time wages and salaries $11.90                                                            
per hour, and benefit costs $4.80 per hour.  (See table 3.)                                                                         
Compensation costs varied widely by industry and occupational group,                                                                
union status, establishment employment size, and geographic region.                                                                 
Highlights for private industry follow:                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                    
     Compensation costs averaged more for workers in goods-producing                                                                
industries ($20.22 per hour worked) than for those in service-producing                                                             
industries ($15.51).  (See table 7.)  In goods-producing industries,                                                                
compensation cost levels ranged from $17.75 in nondurable goods                                                                     
manufacturing to $21.88 in durable goods manufacturing.  Among service-                                                             
producing industries, compensation costs ranged from $9.28 in retail                                                                
trade to $24.07 in transportation and public utilities.                                                                             
                                                                                                                                    
     Among occupational categories, average compensation costs were                                                                 
higher for white-collar occupations ($19.67) than for blue-collar                                                                   
occupations ($16.43) and service occupations ($8.54). (See table 8.)                                                                
The level of compensation varied considerably,  however, by occupational                                                            
group within the blue-collar and white-collar categories.                                                                           
                                                                                                                                    
     Benefits in private industry made up a larger proportion of                                                                    
compensation costs for blue-collar occupations (33.0 percent) than for                                                              
white-collar occupations (27.2 percent) and service occupations (24.1                                                               
percent).  (See table 4.)  In goods-producing industries, benefits made                                                             
up 34.9 percent of compensation costs for blue-collar occupations,                                                                  
compared with 29.9 percent for white-collar occupations.  The                                                                       
corresponding proportions in service-producing industries were 30.2                                                                 
percent and 26.6 percent.  (See tables 9 and 10.)                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                    
     March 1993 compensation costs averaged more for union workers                                                                  
($21.86) in private industry than for nonunion workers ($15.76).  (See                                                              
tables 13 and 14.)  In addition, benefits made up a larger proportion of                                                            
compensation costs for union workers (36.0 percent) than for nonunion                                                               
workers (26.9 percent).  Union and nonunion cost levels reflect a                                                                   
variety of influences, including coverage by a collective bargaining                                                                
agreement and variation in distribution of union and nonunion workers                                                               
among occupations, industries, and establishment size groups.                                                                       
                                                                                                                                    
     Compensation costs in private industry increased with establishment                                                            
employment size.  (See table 6.)  They averaged $14.56 per hour worked                                                              
in establishments of under 100 employees, $15.21 in establishments of                                                               
100 to 499 employees, and $21.92 in establishments of 500 or more                                                                   
employees.                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                    
     Compensation costs by region ranged from $14.81 in the South to                                                                
$19.44 in the Northeast.  The proportion of compensation costs made up                                                              
of benefits ranged from 27.5 percent in the South to 30.4 percent in the                                                            
Midwest.  (See table 5.)                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                    
State and local governments                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                    
     In state and local governments, March 1993 employer costs averaged                                                             
$24.44 per hour worked, straight-time wages and salaries $17.00, and                                                                
benefit costs $7.44.  (See table 2.)  Compensation costs varied widely                                                              
by type of work activity and occupational group.  Highlights for state                                                              
and local governments follow:                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                    
     Among work activities, average compensation costs were higher per                                                              
hour worked in services (e.g., health and educational services) compared                                                            
with public administration ($26.02 and $21.35, respectively).  Those two                                                            
categories account for most state and local government employment.                                                                  
                                                                                                                                    
     Compensation costs in state and local governments averaged more for                                                            
white-collar occupations ($27.67) than for blue-collar ($18.78) and                                                                 
service occupations ($17.04) .  Service occupations include police and                                                              
firefighters, as well as janitors, cooks, and nursing aides.                                                                        
                                                                                                                                    
     The relative importance of March 1993 employer costs for employee                                                              
benefits also varied among occupational categories.  Benefits accounted                                                             
for 28.7 percent of compensation costs for white-collar occupations,                                                                
compared with 35.4 percent for blue-collar and 36.5 percent for service                                                             
occupations.                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                    
Note                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                    
     Aggregate compensation cost levels in state and local governments                                                              
should not be compared directly with those in private industry.                                                                     
Differences between the two sectors stem from a number of factors,                                                                  
particularly the variation in work activities and occupational                                                                      
structures.  Manufacturing and sales, for example, make up a large part                                                             
of private industry work activities but are rarely found in state and                                                               
local governments.  White-collar occupations account for two-thirds of                                                              
the state and local government workforce (largely professional                                                                      
                                                                                                                                    
occupations including teachers), compared with one-half in private                                                                  
industry.                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                    
     Differences in compensation cost levels for private industry and                                                               
state and local governments are reduced as comparisons move from broad                                                              
worker categories (such as white-collar workers) to more specific                                                                   
occupational groups (such as administrative support including clerical).                                                            
Occupational categories in some cases contain a substantially different                                                             
mix of occupations in private industry than in state and local                                                                      
governments.  Service occupations in state and local governments                                                                    
(including police and firefighters) had compensation costs that averaged                                                            
nearly twice as much as those in private industry (where occupations                                                                
such as waiters and waitresses, cooks, bartenders, and janitors were                                                                
prevalent)--$17.04 an hour compared with $8.54.                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                    
     An article examining in more detail differences in compensation                                                                
levels between private industry and state and local governments, "Cost                                                              
of Employee Compensation in Public and Private Sectors," is in the May                                                              
1993 issue of the Bureau publication, Monthly Labor Review.                                                                         
                                                                                                                                    
     The March 1993 levels of employer costs for employee compensation                                                              
shown in this release were calculated using March 1993 employment                                                                   
patterns.  Therefore, changes in cost levels over time reflect both                                                                 
changing rates of compensation and changes in relative employment among                                                             
occupations and industries with different rates of compensation.                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
     A measure of the change in rates of compensation that is not                                                                   
influenced by employment shifts among occupations and industries is                                                                 
provided by the Employment Cost Index (ECI), which is published                                                                     
quarterly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.                                                                                        
  Table 1.  CIVILIAN WORKERS: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent of total             
  compensation, by occupational and industry group, March 1993                                                                      
                                                                                                                                    
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   |        |        |                        Benefit costs                         
                                                                      --------------------------------------------------------------
                       Series                      | Total  | Wages  |        |        |Supple- |        |Retire- |Legally | Other  
                                                   |compen- |  and   |        |  Paid  | mental | Insur- |ment and|required| bene-  
                                                   | sation |salaries| Total  | leave  |  pay   |  ance  |savings |benefits|fits1/  
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   |                              Cost per hour worked                              
                                                    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
  Civilian workers.................................| $17.88 | $12.68 |  $5.20 |  $1.22 |  $0.39 |  $1.32 |  $0.70 |  $1.53 |  $0.04 
                                                   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
   Occupational group:                             |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
     White-collar occupations......................|  21.23 |  15.38 |   5.86 |   1.55 |    .38 |   1.48 |    .87 |   1.54 |    .04 
       Professional specialty and technical........|  29.33 |  21.41 |   7.92 |   2.05 |    .42 |   1.94 |   1.51 |   1.96 |    .04 
       Executive, administrative, and managerial...|  30.48 |  21.98 |   8.50 |   2.65 |    .67 |   1.76 |   1.19 |   2.13 |    .10 
       Administrative support including clerical...|  14.36 |  10.05 |   4.31 |   1.08 |    .25 |   1.35 |    .50 |   1.12 |    .02 
                                                   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
     Blue-collar occupations.......................|  16.58 |  11.08 |   5.50 |   1.02 |    .55 |   1.42 |    .61 |   1.84 |    .06 
                                                   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
     Service occupations...........................|  10.04 |   7.25 |   2.79 |    .58 |    .17 |    .69 |    .35 |   1.00 |    *   
                                                   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
   Industry group:                                 |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
    Services.......................................|  18.91 |  13.80 |   5.11 |   1.26 |    .27 |   1.29 |    .83 |   1.43 |    .02 
       Health services.............................|  17.55 |  12.66 |   4.88 |   1.36 |    .44 |   1.16 |    .49 |   1.42 |    *   
         Hospitals.................................|  19.74 |  13.83 |   5.91 |   1.69 |    .60 |   1.54 |    .56 |   1.51 |    *   
       Educational services........................|  26.87 |  19.56 |   7.32 |   1.63 |    .08 |   2.09 |   1.95 |   1.53 |    .03 
         Elementary and secondary education........|  27.24 |  19.78 |   7.46 |   1.54 |    .08 |   2.25 |   2.09 |   1.47 |    .04 
         Higher education..........................|  27.39 |  20.02 |   7.37 |   1.86 |    .10 |   1.91 |   1.81 |   1.68 |    *   
                                                   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
                                                    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   |                         Percent of total compensation                          
                                                    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
  Civilian workers.................................|  100.0 |   70.9 |   29.1 |    6.8 |    2.2 |    7.4 |    3.9 |    8.6 |    0.2 
                                                   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
   Occupational group:                             |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
     White-collar occupations......................|  100.0 |   72.4 |   27.6 |    7.3 |    1.8 |    7.0 |    4.1 |    7.3 |     .2 
       Professional specialty and technical........|  100.0 |   73.0 |   27.0 |    7.0 |    1.4 |    6.6 |    5.1 |    6.7 |     .1 
       Executive, administrative, and managerial...|  100.0 |   72.1 |   27.9 |    8.7 |    2.2 |    5.8 |    3.9 |    7.0 |     .3 
       Administrative support including clerical...|  100.0 |   70.0 |   30.0 |    7.5 |    1.7 |    9.4 |    3.4 |    7.8 |     .1 
                                                   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
     Blue-collar occupations.......................|  100.0 |   66.8 |   33.2 |    6.1 |    3.3 |    8.6 |    3.7 |   11.1 |     .4 
                                                   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
     Service occupations...........................|  100.0 |   72.2 |   27.8 |    5.8 |    1.7 |    6.8 |    3.5 |   10.0 |    *   
                                                   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
   Industry group:                                 |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
    Services.......................................|  100.0 |   73.0 |   27.0 |    6.7 |    1.4 |    6.8 |    4.4 |    7.6 |     .1 
       Health services.............................|  100.0 |   72.2 |   27.8 |    7.8 |    2.5 |    6.6 |    2.8 |    8.1 |    *   
         Hospitals.................................|  100.0 |   70.0 |   30.0 |    8.6 |    3.0 |    7.8 |    2.8 |    7.7 |    *   
       Educational services........................|  100.0 |   72.8 |   27.2 |    6.1 |     .3 |    7.8 |    7.3 |    5.7 |     .1 
         Elementary and secondary education........|  100.0 |   72.6 |   27.4 |    5.7 |     .3 |    8.3 |    7.7 |    5.4 |     .1 
         Higher education..........................|  100.0 |   73.1 |   26.9 |    6.8 |     .4 |    7.0 |    6.6 |    6.2 |    *   
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     1/  Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment        *  Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.                      
  benefits.                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                    
  Table 2. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent of total    
  compensation, by occupational and industry group, March 1993                                                                      
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   |        |        |                        Benefit costs                         
                                                                      --------------------------------------------------------------
                       Series                      | Total  |  Wages |        |        |Supple- |        |Retire- |Legally | Other  
                                                   |compen- |   and  |        |  Paid  | mental | Insur- |ment and|required| bene-  
                                                   | sation |salaries| Total  | leave  |  pay   |  ance  |savings |benefits|fits1/  
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   |                              Cost per hour worked                              
                                                    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
  State and local government workers...............| $24.44 | $17.00 |  $7.44 |  $1.86 |  $0.21 |  $2.02 |  $1.87 |  $1.44 |  $0.03 
                                                   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
   Occupational group:                             |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
     White-collar occupations......................|  27.67 |  19.72 |   7.95 |   1.98 |    .14 |   2.17 |   2.08 |   1.55 |    .03 
       Professional specialty and technical........|  32.91 |  24.07 |   8.83 |   1.95 |    .16 |   2.37 |   2.54 |   1.77 |    .04 
         Teachers..................................|  36.02 |  26.87 |   9.15 |   1.72 |    .09 |   2.55 |   2.91 |   1.84 |    .04 
       Executive, administrative, and managerial...|  30.66 |  21.26 |   9.39 |   3.07 |    .15 |   2.02 |   2.35 |   1.80 |    .02 
       Administrative support including clerical...|  15.59 |  10.18 |   5.41 |   1.44 |    .09 |   1.85 |   1.01 |    .99 |    .02 
                                                   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
     Blue-collar occupations.......................|  18.78 |  12.13 |   6.65 |   1.71 |    .35 |   1.84 |   1.32 |   1.42 |    *   
                                                   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
     Service occupations...........................|  17.04 |  10.83 |   6.21 |   1.58 |    .37 |   1.65 |   1.50 |   1.09 |    .02 
                                                   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
   Industry group:                                 |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
    Services.......................................|  26.02 |  18.58 |   7.44 |   1.74 |    .16 |   2.12 |   1.95 |   1.45 |    .03 
       Health services.............................|  19.31 |  12.91 |   6.41 |   1.97 |    .50 |   1.56 |   1.02 |   1.33 |    .02 
         Hospitals.................................|  19.60 |  13.20 |   6.40 |   2.01 |    .49 |   1.53 |   1.02 |   1.34 |    .02 
       Educational services........................|  27.68 |  20.00 |   7.68 |   1.69 |    .09 |   2.24 |   2.15 |   1.49 |    .03 
         Elementary and secondary education........|  27.88 |  20.18 |   7.70 |   1.59 |    .08 |   2.32 |   2.21 |   1.46 |    .04 
         Higher education..........................|  28.13 |  20.29 |   7.84 |   1.97 |    .12 |   2.07 |   2.06 |   1.61 |    *   
     Public administration.........................|  21.35 |  14.02 |   7.33 |   2.10 |    .28 |   1.79 |   1.80 |   1.32 |    .03 
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   |                         Percent of total compensation                          
                                                    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  State and local government workers...............|  100.0%|   69.6%|   30.4%|    7.6%|    0.9%|    8.3%|    7.6%|    5.9%|    0.1%
                                                   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
   Occupational group:                             |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
     White-collar occupations......................|  100.0 |   71.3 |   28.7 |    7.1 |     .5 |    7.8 |    7.5 |    5.6 |     .1 
       Professional specialty and technical........|  100.0 |   73.2 |   26.8 |    5.9 |     .5 |    7.2 |    7.7 |    5.4 |     .1 
         Teachers..................................|  100.0 |   74.6 |   25.4 |    4.8 |     .2 |    7.1 |    8.1 |    5.1 |     .1 
       Executive, administrative, and managerial...|  100.0 |   69.4 |   30.6 |   10.0 |     .5 |    6.6 |    7.7 |    5.9 |     .1 
       Administrative support including clerical...|  100.0 |   65.3 |   34.7 |    9.3 |     .6 |   11.9 |    6.5 |    6.3 |     .1 
                                                   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
     Blue-collar occupations.......................|  100.0 |   64.6 |   35.4 |    9.1 |    1.9 |    9.8 |    7.0 |    7.6 |    *   
                                                   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
     Service occupations...........................|  100.0 |   63.5 |   36.5 |    9.3 |    2.2 |    9.7 |    8.8 |    6.4 |     .1 
                                                   |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
   Industry group:                                 |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        
    Services.......................................|  100.0 |   71.4 |   28.6 |    6.7 |     .6 |    8.1 |    7.5 |    5.6 |     .1 
       Health services.............................|  100.0 |   66.8 |   33.2 |   10.2 |    2.6 |    8.1 |    5.3 |    6.9 |     .1 
         Hospitals.................................|  100.0 |   67.3 |   32.7 |   10.2 |    2.5 |    7.8 |    5.2 |    6.8 |     .1 
       Educational services........................|  100.0 |   72.2 |   27.8 |    6.1 |     .3 |    8.1 |    7.8 |    5.4 |     .1 
         Elementary and secondary education........|  100.0 |   72.4 |   27.6 |    5.7 |     .3 |    8.3 |    7.9 |    5.3 |     .1 
         Higher education..........................|  100.0 |   72.1 |   27.9 |    7.0 |     .4 |    7.4 |    7.3 |    5.7 |    *   
     Public administration.........................|  100.0 |   65.7 |   34.3 |    9.8 |    1.3 |    8.4 |    8.4 |    6.2 |     .1 
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     1/  Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment        *  Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.                      
  benefits.                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                    
     Table 3. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY BROAD INDUSTRY CATEGORIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs    
     as a percent of total compensation, March 1993                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                    
     ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                       | All workers in  | Goods-producing |Service-producing|  Manufacturing  |Nonmanufacturing    
                Compensation           |private industry | industries 1/   | industries 2/   |   industries    |   industries       
                 component              ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------   
                                       |  Cost  |Percent |  Cost  |Percent |  Cost  |Percent |  Cost  |Percent |  Cost  |Percent    
     ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                       |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |           
     Total compensation................| $16.70 |  100.0%| $20.22 |  100.0%| $15.51 |  100.0%| $20.09 |  100.0%| $15.85 |  100.0%   
                                       |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |           
      Wages and salaries...............|  11.90 |   71.3 |  13.54 |   67.0 |  11.34 |   73.1 |  13.35 |   66.4 |  11.54 |   72.8    
                                       |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |           
      Total benefits...................|   4.80 |   28.7 |   6.67 |   33.0 |   4.17 |   26.9 |   6.74 |   33.6 |   4.31 |   27.2    
                                       |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |           
       Paid Leave......................|   1.11 |    6.6 |   1.38 |    6.8 |   1.01 |    6.5 |   1.52 |    7.6 |   1.00 |    6.3    
        Vacations......................|    .54 |    3.2 |    .72 |    3.5 |    .48 |    3.1 |    .78 |    3.9 |    .48 |    3.0    
        Holidays.......................|    .38 |    2.3 |    .50 |    2.5 |    .34 |    2.2 |    .56 |    2.8 |    .33 |    2.1    
        Sick leave.....................|    .14 |     .8 |    .11 |     .6 |    .15 |    1.0 |    .13 |     .6 |    .14 |     .9    
        Other leave....................|    .05 |     .3 |    .05 |     .3 |    .05 |     .3 |    .06 |     .3 |    .05 |     .3    
                                       |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |           
       Supplemental pay................|    .42 |    2.5 |    .67 |    3.3 |    .34 |    2.2 |    .71 |    3.5 |    .35 |    2.2    
        Premium pay....................|    .19 |    1.1 |    .39 |    1.9 |    .12 |     .8 |    .39 |    1.9 |    .14 |     .9    
        Shift pay......................|    .05 |     .3 |    .08 |     .4 |    .04 |     .3 |    .10 |     .5 |    .04 |     .3    
        Nonproduction bonuses..........|    .19 |    1.1 |    .21 |    1.0 |    .18 |    1.2 |    .23 |    1.1 |    .18 |    1.1    
                                       |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |           
       Insurance.......................|   1.19 |    7.2 |   1.74 |    8.6 |   1.01 |    6.5 |   1.86 |    9.3 |   1.03 |    6.5    
        Life...........................|    .05 |     .3 |    .07 |     .3 |    .04 |     .3 |    .08 |     .4 |    .04 |     .3    
        Health.........................|   1.10 |    6.6 |   1.59 |    7.9 |    .93 |    6.0 |   1.69 |    8.4 |    .95 |    6.0    
        Sickness and accident..........|    .05 |     .3 |    .08 |     .4 |    .04 |     .3 |    .09 |     .4 |    .04 |     .3    
                                       |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |           
       Retirement and savings..........|    .48 |    2.9 |    .77 |    3.8 |    .39 |    2.5 |    .72 |    3.6 |    .43 |    2.7    
        Pensions.......................|    .38 |    2.3 |    .60 |    3.0 |    .31 |    2.0 |    .55 |    2.7 |    .34 |    2.1    
        Savings and thrift.............|    .10 |     .6 |    .17 |     .8 |    .08 |     .5 |    .17 |     .9 |    .09 |     .5    
                                       |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |           
       Legally required................|   1.55 |    9.3 |   1.99 |    9.8 |   1.40 |    9.0 |   1.79 |    8.9 |   1.49 |    9.4    
        Social security................|    .99 |    5.9 |   1.17 |    5.8 |    .93 |    6.0 |   1.16 |    5.8 |    .95 |    6.0    
        Federal unemployment...........|    .03 |     .2 |    .03 |     .2 |    .03 |     .2 |    .03 |     .2 |    .03 |     .2    
        State unemployment.............|    .11 |     .7 |    .15 |     .8 |    .10 |     .7 |    .14 |     .7 |    .11 |     .7    
        Workers' compensation..........|    .39 |    2.3 |    .63 |    3.1 |    .31 |    2.0 |    .44 |    2.2 |    .38 |    2.4    
                                       |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |           
       Other benefits..................|    .04 |     .2 |    .12 |     .6 |    *   |    *   |    .14 |     .7 |    .02 |     .1    
                                       |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |           
     ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                                                                                    
        1/  Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing            *  Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.                   
        2/  Includes transportation, communication, and public          NOTE:  See the explanatory note for a definition of the     
     utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,      compensation components.                                       
     and real estate; and service industries.                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                    
  Table 4. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY BROAD OCCUPATIONAL CATEGORIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs   
  as a percent of total compensation, March 1993                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |    All workers in     |     White-collar      |      Blue-collar      |        Service        
             Compensation           |   private industry    |        workers        |        workers        |        workers        
              component              ----------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------
                                    |   Cost    |  Percent  |   Cost    |  Percent  |   Cost    |  Percent  |   Cost    |  Percent  
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |           |           |           |           |           |           |           |           
  Total compensation................|  $16.70   |   100.0%  |  $19.67   |   100.0%  |  $16.43   |   100.0%  |   $8.54   |   100.0%  
                                    |           |           |           |           |           |           |           |           
   Wages and salaries...............|   11.90   |    71.3   |   14.32   |    72.8   |   11.01   |    67.0   |    6.48   |    75.9   
                                    |           |           |           |           |           |           |           |           
   Total benefits...................|    4.80   |    28.7   |    5.35   |    27.2   |    5.42   |    33.0   |    2.06   |    24.1   
                                    |           |           |           |           |           |           |           |           
    Paid Leave......................|    1.11   |     6.6   |    1.44   |     7.3   |     .97   |     5.9   |     .36   |     4.3   
     Vacations......................|     .54   |     3.2   |     .69   |     3.5   |     .50   |     3.1   |     .18   |     2.1   
     Holidays.......................|     .38   |     2.3   |     .49   |     2.5   |     .35   |     2.1   |     .12   |     1.3   
     Sick leave.....................|     .14   |      .8   |     .21   |     1.1   |     .08   |      .5   |     .06   |      .7   
     Other leave....................|     .05   |      .3   |     .06   |      .3   |     .04   |      .3   |     *     |     *     
                                    |           |           |           |           |           |           |           |           
    Supplemental pay................|     .42   |     2.5   |     .44   |     2.2   |     .56   |     3.4   |     .12   |     1.4   
     Premium pay....................|     .19   |     1.1   |     .10   |      .5   |     .38   |     2.3   |     .07   |      .8   
     Shift pay......................|     .05   |      .3   |     .05   |      .2   |     .07   |      .4   |     .03   |      .4   
     Nonproduction bonuses..........|     .19   |     1.1   |     .29   |     1.5   |     .11   |      .7   |     .02   |      .3   
                                    |           |           |           |           |           |           |           |           
    Insurance.......................|    1.19   |     7.2   |    1.32   |     6.7   |    1.39   |     8.5   |     .48   |     5.6   
     Life...........................|     .05   |      .3   |     .06   |      .3   |     .05   |      .3   |     *     |     *     
     Health.........................|    1.10   |     6.6   |    1.20   |     6.1   |    1.28   |     7.8   |     .45   |     5.3   
     Sickness and accident..........|     .05   |      .3   |     .06   |      .3   |     .06   |      .4   |     *     |     *     
                                    |           |           |           |           |           |           |           |           
    Retirement and savings..........|     .48   |     2.9   |     .57   |     2.9   |     .56   |     3.4   |     .11   |     1.2   
     Pensions.......................|     .38   |     2.3   |     .42   |     2.2   |     .47   |     2.9   |     .09   |     1.1   
     Savings and thrift.............|     .10   |      .6   |     .15   |      .7   |     .09   |      .5   |     *     |     *     
                                    |           |           |           |           |           |           |           |           
    Legally required................|    1.55   |     9.3   |    1.54   |     7.8   |    1.87   |    11.4   |     .98   |    11.5   
     Social security................|     .99   |     5.9   |    1.16   |     5.9   |     .96   |     5.8   |     .56   |     6.5   
     Federal unemployment...........|     .03   |      .2   |     .03   |      .2   |     .03   |      .2   |     .03   |      .4   
     State unemployment.............|     .11   |      .7   |     .11   |      .5   |     .14   |      .9   |     .09   |     1.1   
     Workers' compensation..........|     .39   |     2.3   |     .23   |     1.2   |     .70   |     4.3   |     .29   |     3.4   
                                    |           |           |           |           |           |           |           |           
    Other benefits..................|     .04   |      .2   |     .04   |      .2   |     .07   |      .4   |     *     |     *     
                                    |           |           |           |           |           |           |           |           
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                                    
     *  Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.                                                                                      
     NOTE:  See footnotes at end of table 3.                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                    
  Table 5. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY REGION AND UNION STATUS: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a    
  percent of total compensation, March 1993                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                    
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |                            Region                             |         Union status          
                                     --------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------
             Compensation           |   Northeast   |     South     |    Midwest    |     West      |     Union     |   Nonunion    
              component              --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
                                    | Cost  |Percent| Cost  |Percent| Cost  |Percent| Cost  |Percent| Cost  |Percent| Cost  |Percent
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       
  Total compensation................|$19.44 | 100.0%|$14.81 | 100.0%|$15.93 | 100.0%|$17.43 | 100.0%|$21.86 | 100.0%|$15.76 | 100.0%
                                    |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       
   Wages and salaries...............| 13.78 |  70.9 | 10.74 |  72.5 | 11.09 |  69.6 | 12.55 |  72.0 | 13.98 |  64.0 | 11.52 |  73.1 
                                    |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       
   Total benefits...................|  5.66 |  29.1 |  4.07 |  27.5 |  4.84 |  30.4 |  4.87 |  28.0 |  7.88 |  36.0 |  4.24 |  26.9 
                                    |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       
    Paid Leave......................|  1.40 |   7.2 |   .94 |   6.4 |  1.04 |   6.6 |  1.09 |   6.3 |  1.58 |   7.2 |  1.02 |   6.5 
     Vacations......................|   .66 |   3.4 |   .47 |   3.2 |   .52 |   3.3 |   .53 |   3.1 |   .84 |   3.9 |   .48 |   3.1 
     Holidays.......................|   .48 |   2.5 |   .32 |   2.1 |   .36 |   2.3 |   .37 |   2.1 |   .51 |   2.3 |   .35 |   2.2 
     Sick leave.....................|   .20 |   1.0 |   .11 |    .8 |   .12 |    .7 |   .15 |    .8 |   .16 |    .7 |   .14 |    .9 
     Other leave....................|   .07 |    .4 |   .04 |    .3 |   .04 |    .3 |   .04 |    .2 |   .07 |    .3 |   .04 |    .3 
                                    |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       
    Supplemental pay................|   .50 |   2.6 |   .33 |   2.2 |   .48 |   3.0 |   .42 |   2.4 |   .73 |   3.3 |   .37 |   2.3 
     Premium pay....................|   .18 |    .9 |   .17 |   1.1 |   .21 |   1.3 |   .19 |   1.1 |   .48 |   2.2 |   .13 |    .8 
     Shift pay......................|   .06 |    .3 |   .04 |    .3 |   .06 |    .4 |   .05 |    .3 |   .13 |    .6 |   .04 |    .2 
     Nonproduction bonuses..........|   .26 |   1.3 |   .12 |    .8 |   .21 |   1.3 |   .18 |   1.0 |   .13 |    .6 |   .20 |   1.3 
                                    |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       
    Insurance.......................|  1.42 |   7.3 |   .99 |   6.7 |  1.26 |   7.9 |  1.17 |   6.7 |  2.25 |  10.3 |  1.00 |   6.4 
     Life...........................|   .06 |    .3 |   .04 |    .3 |   .05 |    .3 |   .05 |    .3 |   .08 |    .4 |   .04 |    .3 
     Health.........................|  1.31 |   6.7 |   .91 |   6.1 |  1.15 |   7.2 |  1.08 |   6.2 |  2.07 |   9.5 |   .92 |   5.8 
     Sickness and accident..........|   .05 |    .3 |   .04 |    .3 |   .06 |    .4 |   .04 |    .2 |   .10 |    .5 |   .04 |    .3 
                                    |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       
    Retirement and savings..........|   .58 |   3.0 |   .41 |   2.7 |   .49 |   3.1 |   .49 |   2.8 |  1.03 |   4.7 |   .38 |   2.4 
     Pensions.......................|   .48 |   2.4 |   .31 |   2.1 |   .40 |   2.5 |   .36 |   2.1 |   .93 |   4.3 |   .28 |   1.8 
     Savings and thrift.............|   .11 |    .6 |   .10 |    .7 |   .09 |    .6 |   .13 |    .7 |   .11 |    .5 |   .10 |    .7 
                                    |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       
    Legally required................|  1.73 |   8.9 |  1.38 |   9.3 |  1.50 |   9.4 |  1.66 |   9.5 |  2.14 |   9.8 |  1.44 |   9.1 
     Social security................|  1.12 |   5.8 |   .89 |   6.0 |   .95 |   6.0 |  1.04 |   6.0 |  1.22 |   5.6 |   .95 |   6.0 
     Federal unemployment...........|   .03 |    .2 |   .03 |    .2 |   .03 |    .2 |   .03 |    .2 |   .03 |    .1 |   .03 |    .2 
     State unemployment.............|   .16 |    .8 |   .08 |    .6 |   .12 |    .7 |   .12 |    .7 |   .16 |    .7 |   .11 |    .7 
     Workers' compensation..........|   .39 |   2.0 |   .36 |   2.5 |   .37 |   2.3 |   .47 |   2.7 |   .67 |   3.1 |   .34 |   2.2 
                                    |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       
    Other benefits..................|   .03 |    .1 |   .02 |    .1 |   .08 |    .5 |   .05 |    .3 |   .14 |    .7 |   .02 |    .1 
                                    |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       |       
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                                    
     NOTE:  See footnotes at end of table 3.                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                    
     Table 6. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY ESTABLISHMENT EMPLOYMENT SIZE: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and      
     costs as a percent of total compensation, March 1993                                                                           
                                                                                                                                    
     ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                       |                 |                 |                 100 workers or more                    
                                                                            -----------------------------------------------------   
                Compensation           |      Total      |      1-99       |                 |     100-499     | 500 workers or     
                 component             |     Private     |     workers     |      Total      |     workers     |      more          
                                        ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------   
                                       |  Cost  |Percent |  Cost  |Percent |  Cost  |Percent |  Cost  |Percent |  Cost  |Percent    
     ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                       |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |           
     Total compensation................| $16.70 |  100.0%| $14.56 |  100.0%| $18.52 |  100.0%| $15.21 |  100.0%| $21.92 |  100.0%   
                                       |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |           
      Wages and salaries...............|  11.90 |   71.3 |  10.75 |   73.8 |  12.88 |   69.5 |  10.92 |   71.8 |  14.89 |   68.0    
                                       |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |           
      Total benefits...................|   4.80 |   28.7 |   3.81 |   26.2 |   5.64 |   30.5 |   4.29 |   28.2 |   7.02 |   32.0    
                                       |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |           
       Paid leave......................|   1.11 |    6.6 |    .81 |    5.5 |   1.36 |    7.3 |    .96 |    6.3 |   1.78 |    8.1    
        Vacations......................|    .54 |    3.2 |    .38 |    2.6 |    .67 |    3.6 |    .46 |    3.0 |    .89 |    4.1    
        Holidays.......................|    .38 |    2.3 |    .28 |    2.0 |    .46 |    2.5 |    .33 |    2.2 |    .58 |    2.7    
        Sick leave.....................|    .14 |     .8 |    .10 |     .7 |    .17 |     .9 |    .12 |     .8 |    .22 |    1.0    
        Other leave....................|    .05 |     .3 |    .03 |     .2 |    .06 |     .3 |    .04 |     .3 |    .08 |     .4    
                                       |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |           
       Supplemental pay................|    .42 |    2.5 |    .33 |    2.2 |    .51 |    2.7 |    .36 |    2.4 |    .66 |    3.0    
        Premium pay....................|    .19 |    1.1 |    .13 |     .9 |    .24 |    1.3 |    .20 |    1.3 |    .27 |    1.2    
        Shift pay......................|    .05 |     .3 |    *   |    *   |    .09 |     .5 |    .05 |     .3 |    .14 |     .6    
        Nonproduction bonuses..........|    .19 |    1.1 |    .19 |    1.3 |    .18 |    1.0 |    .11 |     .7 |    .25 |    1.1    
                                       |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |           
       Insurance.......................|   1.19 |    7.2 |    .89 |    6.1 |   1.46 |    7.9 |   1.07 |    7.0 |   1.86 |    8.5    
        Life...........................|    .05 |     .3 |    .04 |     .2 |    .06 |     .3 |    .04 |     .3 |    .07 |     .3    
        Health.........................|   1.10 |    6.6 |    .82 |    5.6 |   1.33 |    7.2 |    .98 |    6.4 |   1.69 |    7.7    
        Sickness and accident..........|    .05 |     .3 |    .03 |     .2 |    .07 |     .4 |    .04 |     .3 |    .09 |     .4    
                                       |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |           
       Retirement and savings..........|    .48 |    2.9 |    .32 |    2.2 |    .63 |    3.4 |    .42 |    2.8 |    .83 |    3.8    
        Pensions.......................|    .38 |    2.3 |    .27 |    1.8 |    .48 |    2.6 |    .33 |    2.2 |    .63 |    2.9    
        Savings and thrift.............|    .10 |     .6 |    .05 |     .4 |    .15 |     .8 |    .10 |     .6 |    .20 |     .9    
                                       |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |           
       Legally required................|   1.55 |    9.3 |   1.47 |   10.1 |   1.62 |    8.7 |   1.44 |    9.5 |   1.80 |    8.2    
        Social Security................|    .99 |    5.9 |    .89 |    6.1 |   1.08 |    5.8 |    .91 |    6.0 |   1.25 |    5.7    
        Federal unemployment...........|    .03 |     .2 |    .03 |     .2 |    .03 |     .2 |    .03 |     .2 |    .03 |     .1    
        State unemployment.............|    .11 |     .7 |    .12 |     .8 |    .11 |     .6 |    .12 |     .8 |    .11 |     .5    
        Workers' compensation..........|    .39 |    2.3 |    .42 |    2.9 |    .37 |    2.0 |    .38 |    2.5 |    .35 |    1.6    
                                       |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |           
       Other benefits..................|    .04 |     .2 |    *   |    *   |    .07 |     .4 |    .04 |     .3 |    .10 |     .5    
                                       |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |        |           
     ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                                                                                    
        *  Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.                                                                                   
        NOTE:  See the explanatory note for a definition of the                                                                     
     compensation components and relative error.                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
    Table 7. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY INDUSTRY CATEGORIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs           
    as a percent of total compensation, March 1993                                                                                  
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |        |        |                         Benefit costs                             
                                                                 ----------------------------------------------------------------   
                     Industry                 | Total  |  Wages |        |        |Supple- |        |Retirement|        |           
                      group                   |compen- |   and  |        |  Paid  | mental | Insur- |   and    |Legally | Other     
                                              | sation |salaries| Total  | Leave  |  pay   |  ance  | savings  |required|benefits   
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |                               Cost per hour worked                                  
                                               ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
    All workers in private industry...........| $16.70 | $11.90 |  $4.80 |  $1.11 |  $0.42 |  $1.19 |   $0.48  |  $1.55 |  $0.04    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Goods-producing industries 1/...........|  20.22 |  13.54 |   6.67 |   1.38 |    .67 |   1.74 |     .77  |   1.99 |    .12    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Construction..........................|  19.71 |  13.64 |   6.07 |    .63 |    .53 |   1.22 |     .89  |   2.78 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Manufacturing industries .............|  20.09 |  13.35 |   6.74 |   1.52 |    .71 |   1.86 |     .72  |   1.79 |    .14    
          Durables............................|  21.88 |  14.21 |   7.67 |   1.72 |    .82 |   2.18 |     .81  |   1.91 |    .24    
          Nondurables.........................|  17.75 |  12.23 |   5.53 |   1.27 |    .56 |   1.44 |     .60  |   1.63 |    .02    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Service-producing industries 2/.........|  15.51 |  11.34 |   4.17 |   1.01 |    .34 |   1.01 |     .39  |   1.40 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Transportation and public utilities...|  24.07 |  16.39 |   7.68 |   1.96 |    .53 |   2.04 |     .84  |   2.28 |    .03    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Wholesale trade.......................|  18.12 |  12.92 |   5.20 |   1.19 |    .45 |   1.41 |     .44  |   1.67 |    .03    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Retail trade..........................|   9.28 |   7.18 |   2.10 |    .38 |    .16 |    .45 |     .11  |   1.00 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Finance, insurance, and real estate...|  20.27 |  14.52 |   5.75 |   1.51 |    .71 |   1.44 |     .64  |   1.43 |    .03    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Services..............................|  16.34 |  12.07 |   4.27 |   1.10 |    .32 |   1.00 |     .42  |   1.43 |    *      
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |                          Percent of total compensation                              
                                               ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
    All workers in private industry...........|  100.0%|   71.3%|   28.7%|    6.6%|    2.5%|    7.2%|     2.9% |    9.3%|    0.2%   
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Goods-producing industries 1/...........|  100.0 |   67.0 |   33.0 |    6.8 |    3.3 |    8.6 |     3.8  |    9.8 |     .6    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Construction..........................|  100.0 |   70.1 |   29.9 |    4.0 |    4.3 |    5.8 |     3.5  |   12.2 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Manufacturing industries .............|  100.0 |   66.4 |   33.6 |    7.6 |    3.5 |    9.3 |     3.6  |    8.9 |     .7    
          Durables............................|  100.0 |   66.6 |   33.4 |    7.8 |    3.3 |    9.3 |     3.6  |    8.4 |    1.0    
          Nondurables.........................|  100.0 |   69.8 |   30.2 |    7.5 |    2.8 |    7.7 |     3.5  |    8.6 |     .1    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Service-producing industries 2/.........|  100.0 |   73.1 |   26.9 |    6.5 |    2.2 |    6.5 |     2.5  |    9.0 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Transportation and public utilities...|  100.0 |   69.3 |   30.7 |    8.1 |    2.0 |    8.3 |     3.4  |    8.7 |     .1    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Wholesale trade.......................|  100.0 |   69.7 |   30.3 |    6.9 |    2.6 |    8.4 |     2.6  |    9.5 |     .4    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Retail trade..........................|  100.0 |   76.3 |   23.7 |    5.0 |    2.1 |    5.4 |     1.2  |   10.1 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Finance, insurance, and real estate...|  100.0 |   71.5 |   28.5 |    7.1 |    3.2 |    7.2 |     2.9  |    8.0 |     .1    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Services..............................|  100.0 |   74.0 |   26.0 |    6.3 |    2.0 |    5.9 |     2.3  |    9.5 |     .1    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
       *  Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.                                                                                    
       NOTE:  See footnotes at end of table 3.                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                    
    Table 8. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY OCCUPATIONAL CATEGORIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as    
    a percent of total compensation, March 1993                                                                                     
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |        |        |                         Benefit costs                             
                                                                 ----------------------------------------------------------------   
                   Occupational               | Total  |  Wages |        |        |Supple- |        |Retirement|        |           
                      group                   |compen- |   and  |        |  Paid  | mental | Insur- |   and    |Legally | Other     
                                              | sation |salaries| Total  | Leave  |  pay   |  ance  | savings  |required|benefits   
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |                               Cost per hour worked                                  
                                               ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
    All workers in private industry...........| $16.70 | $11.90 |  $4.80 |  $1.11 |  $0.42 |  $1.19 |   $0.48  |  $1.55 |  $0.04    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
     White-collar workers.....................|  19.67 |  14.32 |   5.35 |   1.44 |    .44 |   1.32 |     .57  |   1.54 |    .04    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Professional specialty and technical....|  27.13 |  19.76 |   7.37 |   2.11 |    .59 |   1.69 |     .88  |   2.07 |    .03    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Executive, administrative, managerial...|  30.45 |  22.14 |   8.31 |   2.55 |    .78 |   1.71 |     .94  |   2.20 |    .12    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Sales workers...........................|  13.32 |  10.15 |   3.17 |    .66 |    .31 |    .74 |     .26  |   1.18 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Admin. support, including clerical......|  14.14 |  10.02 |   4.12 |   1.02 |    .28 |   1.26 |     .40  |   1.14 |    .02    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
     Blue-collar workers......................|  16.43 |  11.01 |   5.42 |    .97 |    .56 |   1.39 |     .56  |   1.87 |    .07    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Precision production, craft, repair.....|  21.05 |  14.21 |   6.84 |   1.29 |    .67 |   1.69 |     .77  |   2.36 |    .07    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Machine operators, assemb., inspect.....|  15.50 |  10.03 |   5.47 |   1.02 |    .69 |   1.54 |     .50  |   1.59 |    .13    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Transportation and material moving......|  16.40 |  10.96 |   5.43 |    .92 |    .49 |   1.28 |     .61  |   2.10 |    .03    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Handlers, cleaners, helpers, laborers...|  11.78 |   8.14 |   3.64 |    .56 |    .35 |    .94 |     .34  |   1.44 |    .02    
     Service workers..........................|   8.54 |   6.48 |   2.06 |    .36 |    .12 |    .48 |     .11  |    .98 |    *      
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |                          Percent of total compensation                              
                                               ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
    All workers in private industry...........|  100.0%|   71.3%|   28.7%|    6.6%|    2.5%|    7.2%|     2.9% |    9.3%|    0.2%   
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
     White-collar workers.....................|  100.0 |   72.8 |   27.2 |    7.3 |    2.2 |    6.7 |     2.9  |    7.8 |     .2    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Professional specialty and technical....|  100.0 |   72.8 |   27.2 |    7.8 |    2.2 |    6.2 |     3.2  |    7.6 |     .1    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Executive, administrative, managerial...|  100.0 |   72.7 |   27.3 |    8.4 |    2.6 |    5.6 |     3.1  |    7.2 |     .4    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Sales workers...........................|  100.0 |   76.2 |   23.8 |    5.0 |    2.4 |    5.6 |     2.0  |    8.9 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Admin. support, including clerical......|  100.0 |   70.9 |   29.1 |    7.2 |    2.0 |    8.9 |     2.8  |    8.1 |     .1    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
     Blue-collar workers......................|  100.0 |   67.0 |   33.0 |    5.9 |    3.4 |    8.5 |     3.4  |   11.4 |     .4    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Precision production, craft, repair.....|  100.0 |   67.5 |   32.5 |    6.1 |    3.2 |    8.0 |     3.6  |   11.2 |     .3    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Machine operators, assemb., inspect.....|  100.0 |   64.7 |   35.3 |    6.6 |    4.4 |    9.9 |     3.2  |   10.3 |     .9    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Transportation and material moving......|  100.0 |   66.9 |   33.1 |    5.6 |    3.0 |    7.8 |     3.7  |   12.8 |     .2    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Handlers, cleaners, helpers, laborers...|  100.0 |   69.1 |   30.9 |    4.7 |    3.0 |    8.0 |     2.8  |   12.2 |     .2    
     Service workers..........................|  100.0 |   75.9 |   24.1 |    4.3 |    1.4 |    5.6 |     1.2  |   11.5 |    *      
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
       *  Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.                        NOTE:  See footnotes at end of table 3.                     
                                                                                                                                    
    Table 9. PRIVATE GOODS-PRODUCING INDUSTRIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a           
    percent of total compensation, by occupational categories, March 1993                                                           
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |        |        |                         Benefit costs                             
                                                                 ----------------------------------------------------------------   
                   Occupational               | Total  |  Wages |        |        |Supple- |        |Retirement|        |           
                      group                   |compen- |   and  |        |  Paid  | mental | Insur- |   and    |Legally | Other     
                                              | sation |salaries| Total  | Leave  |  pay   |  ance  | savings  |required|benefits   
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |                               Cost per hour worked                                  
                                               ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
    Goods-producing industries 1/.............| $20.22 | $13.54 |  $6.67 |  $1.38 |  $0.67 |  $1.74 |   $0.77  |  $1.99 |  $0.12    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      White-collar workers....................|  25.65 |  17.99 |   7.67 |   2.16 |    .56 |   1.98 |     .91  |   1.93 |    .13    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Professional specialty and technical..|  29.35 |  20.29 |   9.06 |   2.63 |    .57 |   2.39 |    1.26  |   2.15 |    .06    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Executive, administrative, managerial.|  37.37 |  26.81 |  10.57 |   3.34 |    .80 |   2.12 |    1.24  |   2.67 |    .39    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Admin. support, including clerical....|  15.75 |  10.74 |   5.01 |   1.13 |    .41 |   1.65 |     .47  |   1.31 |    .02    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Blue-collar workers.....................|  18.03 |  11.74 |   6.29 |   1.06 |    .73 |   1.65 |     .72  |   2.02 |    .11    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Precision production, craft, repair...|  22.61 |  14.88 |   7.73 |   1.28 |    .81 |   1.91 |     .99  |   2.64 |    .10    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Machine operators, assemb., inspect...|  16.20 |  10.37 |   5.84 |   1.08 |    .75 |   1.66 |     .56  |   1.64 |    .16    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Transportation and material moving....|  18.29 |  11.77 |   6.51 |    .97 |    .77 |   1.63 |     .88  |   2.20 |    .07    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Handlers, cleaners, helpers, laborers.|  13.30 |   8.86 |   4.44 |    .59 |    .47 |   1.15 |     .50  |   1.68 |    .05    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Service workers.........................|  15.27 |  10.18 |   5.09 |    .97 |    .45 |   1.43 |     .61  |   1.49 |    .14    
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |                          Percent of total compensation                              
                                               ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
    Goods-producing industries 1/.............|  100.0%|   67.0%|   33.0%|    6.8%|    3.3%|    8.6%|     3.8% |    9.8%|    0.6%   
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      White-collar workers....................|  100.0 |   70.1 |   29.9 |    8.4 |    2.2 |    7.7 |     3.5  |    7.5 |     .5    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Professional specialty and technical..|  100.0 |   69.1 |   30.9 |    9.0 |    1.9 |    8.1 |     4.3  |    7.3 |     .2    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Executive, administrative, managerial.|  100.0 |   71.7 |   28.3 |    8.9 |    2.1 |    5.7 |     3.3  |    7.2 |    1.1    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Admin. support, including clerical....|  100.0 |   68.2 |   31.8 |    7.2 |    2.6 |   10.5 |     3.0  |    8.3 |     .2    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Blue-collar workers.....................|  100.0 |   65.1 |   34.9 |    5.9 |    4.0 |    9.2 |     4.0  |   11.2 |     .6    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Precision production, craft, repair...|  100.0 |   65.8 |   34.2 |    5.6 |    3.6 |    8.4 |     4.4  |   11.7 |     .4    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Machine operators, assemb., inspect...|  100.0 |   64.0 |   36.0 |    6.7 |    4.7 |   10.2 |     3.4  |   10.1 |    1.0    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Transportation and material moving....|  100.0 |   64.4 |   35.6 |    5.3 |    4.2 |    8.9 |     4.8  |   12.0 |     .4    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Handlers, cleaners, helpers, laborers.|  100.0 |   66.6 |   33.4 |    4.5 |    3.6 |    8.6 |     3.8  |   12.6 |     .4    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Service workers.........................|  100.0 |   66.7 |   33.3 |    6.3 |    3.0 |    9.4 |     4.0  |    9.8 |     .9    
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
       NOTE:  See footnotes at end of table 3.                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                    
    Table 10. PRIVATE SERVICE-PRODUCING INDUSTRIES: Employer costs per hour worked for meployee compensation, and costs as a        
    percent of total compensation, by occupational categories, March 1993                                                           
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |        |        |                         Benefit costs                             
                                                                 ----------------------------------------------------------------   
                   Occupational               | Total  |  Wages |        |        |Supple- |        |Retirement|        |           
                      group                   |compen- |   and  |        |  Paid  | mental | Insur- |   and    |Legally | Other     
                                              | sation |salaries| Total  | Leave  |  pay   |  ance  | savings  |required|benefits   
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |                               Cost per hour worked                                  
                                               ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
    Service-producing industries 1/...........| $15.51 | $11.34 |  $4.17 |  $1.01 |  $0.34 |  $1.01 |   $0.39  |  $1.40 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      White-collar workers....................|  18.65 |  13.69 |   4.96 |   1.32 |    .42 |   1.20 |     .51  |   1.48 |  $0.02    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Professional specialty and technical..|  26.65 |  19.65 |   7.00 |   2.00 |    .59 |   1.53 |     .79  |   2.06 |    .03    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Executive, administrative, managerial.|  28.36 |  20.73 |   7.63 |   2.32 |    .78 |   1.59 |     .85  |   2.05 |    .04    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Sales workers.........................|  12.99 |   9.92 |   3.07 |    .63 |    .31 |    .71 |     .25  |   1.16 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Admin. support, including clerical....|  13.85 |   9.89 |   3.96 |   1.00 |    .25 |   1.19 |     .39  |   1.11 |    .02    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Blue-collar workers.....................|  14.48 |  10.12 |   4.37 |    .87 |    .37 |   1.07 |     .36  |   1.68 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Precision production, craft, repair...|  18.92 |  13.29 |   5.62 |   1.32 |    .47 |   1.39 |     .46  |   1.97 |    .02    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Transportation and material moving....|  15.65 |  10.65 |   5.01 |    .90 |    .38 |   1.14 |     .50  |   2.06 |    .02    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Handlers, cleaners, helpers, laborers.|  10.95 |   7.74 |   3.21 |    .54 |    .28 |    .83 |     .24  |   1.30 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Service workers.........................|   8.37 |   6.39 |   1.98 |    .35 |    .11 |    .46 |     .09  |    .97 |    *      
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |                          Percent of total compensation                              
                                               ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
    Service-producing industries 1/...........|  100.0%|   73.1%|   26.9%|    6.5%|    2.2%|    6.5%|     2.5% |    9.0%|    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      White-collar workers....................|  100.0 |   73.4 |   26.6 |    7.1 |    2.3 |    6.5 |     2.7  |    7.9 |    0.1%   
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Professional specialty and technical..|  100.0 |   73.7 |   26.3 |    7.5 |    2.2 |    5.8 |     3.0  |    7.7 |     .1    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Executive, administrative, managerial.|  100.0 |   73.1 |   26.9 |    8.2 |    2.7 |    5.6 |     3.0  |    7.2 |     .2    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Sales workers.........................|  100.0 |   76.4 |   23.6 |    4.8 |    2.4 |    5.5 |     1.9  |    9.0 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Admin. support, including clerical....|  100.0 |   71.4 |   28.6 |    7.2 |    1.8 |    8.6 |     2.8  |    8.0 |     .1    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Blue-collar workers.....................|  100.0 |   69.8 |   30.2 |    6.0 |    2.5 |    7.4 |     2.5  |   11.6 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Precision production, craft, repair...|  100.0 |   70.3 |   29.7 |    7.0 |    2.5 |    7.4 |     2.4  |   10.4 |     .1    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Transportation and material moving....|  100.0 |   68.0 |   32.0 |    5.8 |    2.4 |    7.3 |     3.2  |   13.2 |     .1    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Handlers, cleaners, helpers, laborers.|  100.0 |   70.7 |   29.3 |    4.9 |    2.6 |    7.6 |     2.2  |   11.9 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Service workers.........................|  100.0 |   76.3 |   23.7 |    4.2 |    1.4 |    5.4 |     1.1  |   11.6 |    *      
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
       *  Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.                                                                                    
       NOTE:  See footnotes at end of table 3.                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                    
    Table 11. PRIVATE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent    
    of total compensation, by occupational categories, March 1993                                                                   
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |        |        |                         Benefit costs                             
                                                                 ----------------------------------------------------------------   
                   Occupational               | Total  |  Wages |        |        |Supple- |        |Retirement|        |           
                      group                   |compen- |   and  |        |  Paid  | mental | Insur- |   and    |Legally | Other     
                                              | sation |salaries| Total  | Leave  |  pay   |  ance  | savings  |required|benefits   
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |                               Cost per hour worked                                  
                                               ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
    Manufacturing industries .................| $20.09 | $13.35 |  $6.74 |  $1.52 |  $0.71 |  $1.86 |   $0.72  |  $1.79 |  $0.14    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      White-collar workers....................|  25.82 |  18.00 |   7.82 |   2.24 |    .56 |   2.08 |     .90  |   1.89 |    .15    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Professional specialty and technical..|  28.97 |  20.03 |   8.94 |   2.62 |    .49 |   2.42 |    1.22  |   2.13 |    .05    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Executive, administrative, managerial.|  38.66 |  27.52 |  11.14 |   3.63 |    .90 |   2.35 |    1.22  |   2.53 |    .50    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Admin. support, including clerical....|  16.02 |  10.85 |   5.18 |   1.20 |    .43 |   1.72 |     .48  |   1.32 |    .03    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Blue-collar workers.....................|  17.52 |  11.24 |   6.28 |   1.20 |    .79 |   1.76 |     .64  |   1.75 |    .14    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Precision production, craft, repair...|  23.02 |  14.73 |   8.29 |   1.76 |   1.02 |   2.27 |     .91  |   2.16 |    .17    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Machine operators, assemb., inspect...|  16.19 |  10.34 |   5.84 |   1.08 |    .75 |   1.66 |     .56  |   1.63 |    .16    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Transportation and material moving....|  17.86 |  11.61 |   6.24 |   1.11 |    .73 |   1.68 |     .74  |   1.89 |    .09    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Handlers, cleaners, helpers, laborers.|  13.10 |   8.56 |   4.54 |    .74 |    .55 |   1.33 |     .42  |   1.43 |    .07    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Service workers.........................|  15.97 |  10.53 |   5.44 |   1.05 |    .50 |   1.56 |     .67  |   1.52 |    .16    
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |                          Percent of total compensation                              
                                               ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
    Manufacturing industries .................|  100.0%|   66.4%|   33.6%|    7.6%|    3.5%|    9.3%|     3.6% |    8.9%|    0.7%   
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      White-collar workers....................|  100.0 |   69.7 |   30.3 |    8.7 |    2.2 |    8.1 |     3.5  |    7.3 |     .6    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Professional specialty and technical..|  100.0 |   69.1 |   30.9 |    9.1 |    1.7 |    8.3 |     4.2  |    7.4 |     .2    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Executive, administrative, managerial.|  100.0 |   71.2 |   28.8 |    9.4 |    2.3 |    6.1 |     3.2  |    6.5 |    1.3    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Admin. support, including clerical....|  100.0 |   67.7 |   32.3 |    7.5 |    2.7 |   10.8 |     3.0  |    8.2 |     .2    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Blue-collar workers.....................|  100.0 |   64.2 |   35.8 |    6.8 |    4.5 |   10.1 |     3.6  |   10.0 |     .8    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Precision production, craft, repair...|  100.0 |   64.0 |   36.0 |    7.7 |    4.4 |    9.8 |     3.9  |    9.4 |     .7    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Machine operators, assemb., inspect...|  100.0 |   63.9 |   36.1 |    6.7 |    4.7 |   10.3 |     3.4  |   10.0 |    1.0    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Transportation and material moving....|  100.0 |   65.0 |   35.0 |    6.2 |    4.1 |    9.4 |     4.2  |   10.6 |     .5    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Handlers, cleaners, helpers, laborers.|  100.0 |   65.3 |   34.7 |    5.6 |    4.2 |   10.2 |     3.2  |   10.9 |     .5    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Service workers.........................|  100.0 |   65.9 |   34.1 |    6.6 |    3.1 |    9.8 |     4.2  |    9.5 |    1.0    
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
       NOTE:  See footnotes at end of table 3.                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                    
    Table 12. PRIVATE NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as           
    a percent of total compensation, by occupational categories, March 1993                                                         
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |        |        |                         Benefit costs                             
                                                                 ----------------------------------------------------------------   
                   Occupational               | Total  |  Wages |        |        |Supple- |        |Retirement|        |           
                      group                   |compen- |   and  |        |  Paid  | mental | Insur- |   and    |Legally | Other     
                                              | sation |salaries| Total  | Leave  |  pay   |  ance  | savings  |required|benefits   
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |                               Cost per hour worked                                  
                                               ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
    Nonmanufacturing industries ..............| $15.85 | $11.54 |  $4.31 |  $1.00 |  $0.35 |  $1.03 |   $0.43  |  $1.49 |  $0.02    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      White-collar workers....................|  18.80 |  13.80 |   5.00 |   1.33 |    .42 |   1.21 |     .52  |   1.49 |    .02    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Professional specialty and technical..|  26.76 |  19.71 |   7.06 |   2.01 |    .61 |   1.54 |     .81  |   2.06 |    .03    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Executive, administrative, managerial.|  28.70 |  21.00 |   7.71 |   2.32 |    .76 |   1.57 |     .88  |   2.13 |    .04    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Sales workers.........................|  13.00 |   9.93 |   3.07 |    .63 |    .31 |    .71 |     .25  |   1.16 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Admin. support, including clerical....|  13.86 |   9.90 |   3.96 |    .99 |    .25 |   1.19 |     .39  |   1.12 |    .02    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Blue-collar workers.....................|  15.65 |  10.84 |   4.81 |    .81 |    .40 |   1.12 |     .50  |   1.96 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Precision production, craft, repair...|  20.13 |  13.96 |   6.16 |   1.07 |    .50 |   1.42 |     .70  |   2.45 |    .02    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Transportation and material moving....|  16.02 |  10.80 |   5.22 |    .87 |    .43 |   1.17 |     .57  |   2.16 |    .02    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Handlers, cleaners, helpers, laborers.|  11.38 |   8.01 |   3.37 |    .50 |    .29 |    .82 |     .31  |   1.44 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Service workers.........................|   8.37 |   6.39 |   1.98 |    .35 |    .11 |    .46 |     .09  |    .97 |    *      
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |                          Percent of total compensation                              
                                               ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
    Nonmanufacturing industries ..............|  100.0%|   72.8%|   27.2%|    6.3%|    2.2%|    6.5%|     2.7% |    9.4%|    0.1%   
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      White-collar workers....................|  100.0 |   73.4 |   26.6 |    7.1 |    2.3 |    6.4 |     2.8  |    7.9 |     .1    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Professional specialty and technical..|  100.0 |   73.6 |   26.4 |    7.5 |    2.3 |    5.8 |     3.0  |    7.7 |     .1    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Executive, administrative, managerial.|  100.0 |   73.1 |   26.9 |    8.1 |    2.6 |    5.5 |     3.1  |    7.4 |     .2    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Sales workers.........................|  100.0 |   76.4 |   23.6 |    4.8 |    2.4 |    5.5 |     1.9  |    9.0 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Administrative support, including     |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
           clerical...........................|  100.0 |   71.4 |   28.6 |    7.1 |    1.8 |    8.6 |     2.8  |    8.1 |     .1    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Blue-collar workers.....................|  100.0 |   69.3 |   30.7 |    5.2 |    2.6 |    7.2 |     3.2  |   12.5 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Precision production, craft, repair...|  100.0 |   69.4 |   30.6 |    5.3 |    2.5 |    7.1 |     3.5  |   12.2 |     .1    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Transportation and material moving....|  100.0 |   67.4 |   32.6 |    5.5 |    2.7 |    7.3 |     3.6  |   13.5 |     .1    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Handlers, cleaners, helpers, laborers.|  100.0 |   70.4 |   29.6 |    4.4 |    2.5 |    7.2 |     2.7  |   12.6 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Service workers.........................|  100.0 |   76.3 |   23.7 |    4.2 |    1.4 |    5.4 |     1.1  |   11.6 |    *      
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
       *  Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.                                                                                    
       NOTE:  See footnotes at end of table 3.                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                    
    Table 13.  PRIVATE INDUSTRY UNION WORKERS: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent     
    of total compensation, by occupational and industry group, March 1993                                                           
                                                                                                                                    
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |        |        |                         Benefit costs                             
                                                                 ----------------------------------------------------------------   
    Union status, by industry and occupational| Total  |  Wages |        |        |Supple- |        |Retirement|        |           
                      group                   |compen- |   and  |        |  Paid  | mental | Insur- |   and    |Legally | Other     
                                              | sation |salaries| Total  | Leave  |  pay   |  ance  | savings  |required|benefits   
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |                               Cost per hour worked                                  
                                               ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
    All union workers, private industry.......| $21.86 | $13.98 |  $7.88 |  $1.58 |  $0.73 |  $2.25 |   $1.03  |  $2.14 |  $0.14    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
         Blue-collar workers..................|  23.16 |  14.31 |   8.85 |   1.61 |    .92 |   2.47 |    1.22  |   2.44 |    .20    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Goods-producing industries..............|  24.21 |  14.70 |   9.51 |   1.62 |   1.06 |   2.70 |    1.37  |   2.47 |    .28    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Service-producing industries............|  20.02 |  13.42 |   6.60 |   1.54 |    .47 |   1.89 |     .77  |   1.89 |    .03    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Manufacturing...........................|  22.84 |  13.66 |   9.18 |   1.77 |   1.14 |   2.70 |    1.08  |   2.13 |    .35    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Blue-collar workers...................|  22.94 |  13.64 |   9.30 |   1.77 |   1.18 |   2.74 |    1.08  |   2.16 |    .37    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Nonmanufacturing........................|  21.32 |  14.15 |   7.17 |   1.47 |    .51 |   2.00 |    1.01  |   2.15 |    .03    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |                          Percent of total compensation                              
                                               ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
    All union workers, private industry.......|  100.0%|   64.0%|   36.0%|    7.2%|    3.3%|   10.3%|     4.7% |    9.8%|    0.7%   
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
         Blue-collar workers..................|  100.0 |   61.8 |   38.2 |    6.9 |    4.0 |   10.7 |     5.3  |   10.5 |     .9    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Goods-producing industries..............|  100.0 |   60.7 |   39.3 |    6.7 |    4.4 |   11.2 |     5.7  |   10.2 |    1.2    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Service-producing industries............|  100.0 |   67.0 |   33.0 |    7.7 |    2.4 |    9.4 |     3.8  |    9.4 |     .2    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Manufacturing...........................|  100.0 |   59.8 |   40.2 |    7.8 |    5.0 |   11.8 |     4.7  |    9.3 |    1.5    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Blue-collar workers...................|  100.0 |   59.5 |   40.5 |    7.7 |    5.1 |   11.9 |     4.7  |    9.4 |    1.6    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Nonmanufacturing........................|  100.0 |   66.4 |   33.6 |    6.9 |    2.4 |    9.4 |     4.7  |   10.1 |     .2    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
       NOTE:  See footnotes at end of table 3.                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                    
    Table 14.  PRIVATE INDUSTRY NONUNION WORKERS: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a          
    percent of total compensation, by occupational and industry group, March 1993                                                   
                                                                                                                                    
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |        |        |                         Benefit costs                             
                                                                 ----------------------------------------------------------------   
    Union status, by industry and occupational| Total  |  Wages |        |        |Supple- |        |Retirement|        |           
                      group                   |compen- |   and  |        |  Paid  | mental | Insur- |   and    |Legally | Other     
                                              | sation |salaries| Total  | Leave  |  pay   |  ance  | savings  |required|benefits   
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |                               Cost per hour worked                                  
                                               ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
    All nonunion workers, private industry....| $15.76 | $11.52 |  $4.24 |  $1.02 |  $0.37 |  $1.00 |   $0.38  |  $1.44 |  $0.02    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
         Blue-collar workers..................|  13.35 |   9.49 |   3.85 |    .68 |    .40 |    .90 |     .26  |   1.61 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Goods-producing industries..............|  18.75 |  13.12 |   5.63 |   1.29 |    .53 |   1.39 |     .55  |   1.81 |    .06    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Service-producing industries............|  14.92 |  11.07 |   3.85 |    .94 |    .32 |    .89 |     .34  |   1.34 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Manufacturing...........................|  19.07 |  13.23 |   5.84 |   1.43 |    .55 |   1.55 |     .58  |   1.66 |    .07    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Blue-collar workers...................|  14.36 |   9.84 |   4.51 |    .87 |    .56 |   1.20 |     .37  |   1.50 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Nonmanufacturing........................|  15.07 |  11.17 |   3.90 |    .93 |    .33 |    .89 |     .34  |   1.39 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |                          Percent of total compensation                              
                                               ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
    All nonunion workers, private industry....|  100.0%|   73.1%|   26.9%|    6.5%|    2.3%|    6.4%|     2.4% |    9.1%|    0.1%   
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
         Blue-collar workers..................|  100.0 |   71.1 |   28.9 |    5.1 |    3.0 |    6.7 |     1.9  |   12.0 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Goods-producing industries..............|  100.0 |   70.0 |   30.0 |    6.9 |    2.8 |    7.4 |     2.9  |    9.6 |     .3    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Service-producing industries............|  100.0 |   74.2 |   25.8 |    6.3 |    2.2 |    6.0 |     2.3  |    9.0 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Manufacturing...........................|  100.0 |   69.4 |   30.6 |    7.5 |    2.9 |    8.1 |     3.1  |    8.7 |     .4    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
        Blue-collar workers...................|  100.0 |   68.6 |   31.4 |    6.0 |    3.9 |    8.3 |     2.6  |   10.5 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
      Nonmanufacturing........................|  100.0 |   74.1 |   25.9 |    6.2 |    2.2 |    5.9 |     2.3  |    9.2 |    *      
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                                                                                    
       *  Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.                                                                                    
       NOTE:  See footnotes at end of table 3.                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                    
 Table 15. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY ESTABLISHMENT EMPLOYMENT SIZE: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs   
 as a percent of total compensation, by industry and occupational categories, March 1993                                            
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                           |         |         |                            Benefit costs                           
                                                                --------------------------------------------------------------------
    Industry and occupational category,    |  Total  |  Wages  |         |         | Supple- |         | Retire- |         |        
            and employment size            | compen- |   and   |         |  Paid   | mental  | Insur-  |ment and | Legally |  Other 
                                           | sation  |salaries |  Total  |  leave  |   pay   |  ance   | savings |required |benefits
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                           |                                  Cost per hour worked                                  
                                            ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Goods-producing industries 1/.............| $20.22  | $13.54  |  $6.67  |  $1.38  |  $0.67  |  $1.74  |  $0.77  |  $1.99  |  $0.12 
  1-99 workers.............................|  17.18  |  12.12  |   5.07  |    .79  |    .47  |   1.17  |    .51  |   2.12  |    *   
  100 workers or more......................|  21.71  |  14.25  |   7.46  |   1.67  |    .78  |   2.03  |    .90  |   1.92  |    .17 
     100-499 workers.......................|  17.66  |  12.06  |   5.60  |   1.11  |    .56  |   1.48  |    .60  |   1.76  |    .09 
     500 workers or more...................|  25.46  |  16.27  |   9.18  |   2.18  |    .98  |   2.53  |   1.18  |   2.07  |    .25 
 Service-producing industries 2/...........|  15.51  |  11.34  |   4.17  |   1.01  |    .34  |   1.01  |    .39  |   1.40  |    *   
  1-99 workers.............................|  13.98  |  10.45  |   3.53  |    .81  |    .30  |    .82  |    .27  |   1.32  |    *   
  100 workers or more......................|  17.07  |  12.26  |   4.81  |   1.22  |    .39  |   1.20  |    .50  |   1.48  |    .02 
     100-499 workers.......................|  14.17  |  10.43  |   3.74  |    .89  |    .28  |    .89  |    .35  |   1.31  |    .02 
     500 workers or more...................|  20.18  |  14.22  |   5.96  |   1.58  |    .50  |   1.53  |    .66  |   1.66  |    .03 
                                           |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |        
 White-collar workers......................|  19.67  |  14.32  |   5.35  |   1.44  |    .44  |   1.32  |    .57  |   1.54  |    .04 
  1-99 workers.............................|  17.46  |  13.03  |   4.43  |   1.13  |    .40  |   1.07  |    .39  |   1.43  |    *   
  100 workers or more......................|  21.46  |  15.36  |   6.10  |   1.70  |    .48  |   1.52  |    .71  |   1.63  |    .06 
     100-499 workers.......................|  17.81  |  13.11  |   4.70  |   1.23  |    .33  |   1.16  |    .48  |   1.43  |    .08 
     500 workers or more...................|  24.64  |  17.33  |   7.31  |   2.11  |    .61  |   1.83  |    .92  |   1.81  |    .04 
 Blue-collar workers.......................|  16.43  |  11.01  |   5.42  |    .97  |    .56  |   1.39  |    .56  |   1.87  |    .07 
  1-99 workers.............................|  14.17  |  10.02  |   4.16  |    .63  |    .36  |    .97  |    .36  |   1.83  |    *   
  100 workers or more......................|  18.41  |  11.87  |   6.53  |   1.27  |    .74  |   1.76  |    .73  |   1.91  |    .12 
     100-499 workers.......................|  15.38  |  10.42  |   4.96  |    .89  |    .53  |   1.27  |    .53  |   1.73  |    *   
     500 workers or more...................|  21.98  |  13.59  |   8.39  |   1.71  |    .99  |   2.34  |    .98  |   2.12  |    .26 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                           |                              Percent of total compensation                             
                                            ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Goods-producing industries 1/.............|  100.0% |   67.0% |   33.0% |    6.8% |    3.3% |    8.6% |    3.8% |    9.8% |    0.6%
  1-99 workers.............................|  100.0  |   70.5  |   29.5  |    4.6  |    2.7  |    6.8  |    3.0  |   12.3  |    *   
  100 workers or more......................|  100.0  |   65.6  |   34.4  |    7.7  |    3.6  |    9.3  |    4.1  |    8.8  |     .8 
     100-499 workers.......................|  100.0  |   68.3  |   31.7  |    6.3  |    3.2  |    8.4  |    3.4  |   10.0  |     .5 
     500 workers or more...................|  100.0  |   63.9  |   36.1  |    8.6  |    3.8  |    9.9  |    4.6  |    8.1  |    1.0 
 Service-producing industries 2/...........|  100.0  |   73.1  |   26.9  |    6.5  |    2.2  |    6.5  |    2.5  |    9.0  |    *   
  1-99 workers.............................|  100.0  |   74.7  |   25.3  |    5.8  |    2.1  |    5.9  |    2.0  |    9.5  |    *   
  100 workers or more......................|  100.0  |   71.8  |   28.2  |    7.2  |    2.3  |    7.0  |    2.9  |    8.7  |     .1 
     100-499 workers.......................|  100.0  |   73.6  |   26.4  |    6.3  |    2.0  |    6.3  |    2.5  |    9.2  |     .1 
     500 workers or more...................|  100.0  |   70.5  |   29.5  |    7.8  |    2.5  |    7.6  |    3.3  |    8.2  |     .2 
                                           |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |        
 White-collar workers......................|  100.0  |   72.8  |   27.2  |    7.3  |    2.2  |    6.7  |    2.9  |    7.8  |     .2 
  1-99 workers.............................|  100.0  |   74.6  |   25.4  |    6.5  |    2.3  |    6.1  |    2.3  |    8.2  |    *   
  100 workers or more......................|  100.0  |   71.6  |   28.4  |    7.9  |    2.2  |    7.1  |    3.3  |    7.6  |     .3 
     100-499 workers.......................|  100.0  |   73.6  |   26.4  |    6.9  |    1.8  |    6.5  |    2.7  |    8.0  |     .4 
     500 workers or more...................|  100.0  |   70.3  |   29.7  |    8.5  |    2.5  |    7.4  |    3.7  |    7.4  |     .2 
 Blue-collar workers.......................|  100.0  |   67.0  |   33.0  |    5.9  |    3.4  |    8.5  |    3.4  |   11.4  |     .4 
  1-99 workers.............................|  100.0  |   70.7  |   29.3  |    4.5  |    2.5  |    6.9  |    2.5  |   12.9  |    *   
  100 workers or more......................|  100.0  |   64.5  |   35.5  |    6.9  |    4.0  |    9.6  |    4.0  |   10.4  |     .7 
     100-499 workers.......................|  100.0  |   67.7  |   32.3  |    5.8  |    3.5  |    8.3  |    3.4  |   11.2  |    *   
     500 workers or more...................|  100.0  |   61.8  |   38.2  |    7.8  |    4.5  |   10.7  |    4.4  |    9.6  |    1.2 
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    1/  Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.        utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and     
    2/  Includes transportation, communication, and public       real estate; and service industries.                               
                                                                                                                                    
    Table 16.  AEROSPACE INDUSTRY: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent of total        
    compensation, by aerospace industry1/ industry group, March 93                                                                  
                                                                                                                                    
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |        |        |                         Benefit costs                             
                                                                 ----------------------------------------------------------------   
               Industry and                   | Total  |  Wages |        |        |Supple- |        |Retirement|        |           
             occupational group               |compen- |   and  |        |  Paid  | mental | Insur- |   and    |Legally | Other     
                                              | sation |salaries| Total  | Leave  |  pay   |  ance  | savings  |required|benefits   
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |                               Cost per hour worked                                  
                                               ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
    Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721).........| $28.62 | $18.68 |  $9.94 |  $2.45 |  $1.43 |  $2.64 |   $1.23  |  $2.15 |  $0.04    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
         White-collar workers.................|  29.62 |  19.81 |   9.81 |   2.70 |    .93 |   2.62 |    1.38  |   2.13 |    .06    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
         Blue-collar workers..................|  27.32 |  17.09 |  10.23 |   2.08 |   2.23 |   2.66 |    1.02  |   2.21 |    .02    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |                          Percent of total compensation                              
                                               ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
    Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721).........|  100.0%|   65.3%|   34.7%|    8.6%|    5.0%|    9.2%|     4.3% |    7.5%|    0.1%   
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
         White-collar workers.................|  100.0 |   66.9 |   33.1 |    9.1 |    3.1 |    8.8 |     4.7  |    7.2 |     .2    
                                              |        |        |        |        |        |        |          |        |           
         Blue-collar workers..................|  100.0 |   62.6 |   37.4 |    7.6 |    8.2 |    9.7 |     3.7  |    8.1 |     .1    
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                                                                                    
  1/  Funds for the development and maintenance of these               NOTE:  See the explanatory note for a definition             
      series are provided by the Aerospace Industries Association             of compensation components.                           
      (AIA).  The series are published in this release for the                                                                      
      convenience of all users.                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                 23                                                                 
                                                                                                                                    
    Appendix.  Employer costs per hour worked for components of compensation, and relative standard errors, 1/ by major industry    
    and occupation categories, March 1993                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                       |         |         |                            Benefit costs                               
                                                            ---------------------------------------------------------------------   
          Industry or Occupation       |  Total  |  Wages  |         |         | Supple- |         | Retire- | Legally |  Other     
                 Category              | Compen- |   and   |         |  Paid   | mental  |Insurance|ment and |required |  bene-     
                                       | sation  |salaries |  Total  |  Leave  |   pay   |         | savings |benefits | fits2/     
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                       |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |            
    Civilian workers                   |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |            
            Cost per hour worked.......|  $17.88 |  $12.68 |   $5.20 |   $1.22 |   $0.39 |   $1.32 |   $0.70 |   $1.53 |   $0.04    
            Relative Error.............|      .7%|      .7%|      .8%|     1.2%|     2.9%|     1.0%|     1.7%|      .7%|    15.3%   
                                       |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |            
    State and local government workers |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |            
            Cost per hour worked.......|  $24.44 |  $17.00 |   $7.44 |   $1.86 |    $.21 |   $2.02 |   $1.87 |   $1.44 |    $.03    
            Relative Error.............|      .9%|      .9%|     1.1%|     1.6%|     4.4%|     1.4%|     1.5%|     1.6%|    14.8%   
                                       |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |            
    Private industry workers           |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |            
            Cost per hour worked.......|  $16.70 |  $11.90 |   $4.80 |   $1.11 |    $.42 |   $1.19 |    $.48 |   $1.55 |    $.04    
            Relative Error.............|      .8%|      .8%|      .9%|     1.4%|     3.1%|     1.2%|     2.7%|      .7%|    17.1%   
                                       |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |            
      Goods-producing industries       |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |            
            Cost per hour worked.......|  $20.22 |  $13.54 |   $6.67 |   $1.38 |    $.67 |   $1.74 |    $.77 |   $1.99 |    $.12    
            Relative Error.............|     1.4%|     1.3%|     1.8%|     2.2%|     4.1%|     2.6%|     3.7%|     1.3%|    23.5%   
                                       |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |            
      Service-producing industries     |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |            
            Cost per hour worked.......|  $15.51 |  $11.34 |   $4.17 |   $1.01 |    $.34 |   $1.01 |    $.39 |   $1.40 |    *       
            Relative Error.............|     1.1%|     1.1%|     1.1%|     1.8%|     4.2%|     1.3%|     4.1%|     1.0%|    *       
                                       |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |            
      Manufacturing                    |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |            
            Cost per hour worked.......|  $20.09 |  $13.35 |   $6.74 |   $1.52 |    $.71 |   $1.86 |    $.72 |   $1.79 |    $.14    
            Relative Error.............|     1.5%|     1.5%|     1.9%|     2.2%|     4.1%|     2.9%|     4.0%|     1.3%|    24.4%   
                                       |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |            
      Nonmanufacturing                 |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |            
            Cost per hour worked.......|  $15.85 |  $11.54 |   $4.31 |   $1.00 |    $.35 |   $1.03 |    $.43 |   $1.49 |    $.02    
            Relative Error.............|     1.0%|     1.0%|     1.1%|     1.8%|     4.1%|     1.3%|     3.5%|      .9%|    16.9%   
                                       |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |            
      White-collar workers             |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |            
            Cost per hour worked.......|  $19.67 |  $14.32 |   $5.35 |   $1.44 |    $.44 |   $1.32 |    $.57 |   $1.54 |    $.04    
            Relative Error.............|     1.3%|     1.3%|     1.4%|     2.0%|     5.3%|     1.5%|     4.0%|     1.2%|    37.2%   
                                       |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |            
      Blue-collar workers              |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |            
            Cost per hour worked.......|  $16.43 |  $11.01 |   $5.42 |    $.97 |    $.56 |   $1.39 |    $.56 |   $1.87 |    $.07    
            Relative Error.............|     1.0%|      .9%|     1.5%|     1.9%|     2.4%|     2.4%|     3.5%|     1.1%|    10.4%   
                                       |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |            
      Service workers                  |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |            
            Cost per hour worked.......|   $8.54 |   $6.48 |   $2.06 |    $.36 |    $.12 |    $.48 |    $.11 |    $.98 |    *       
            Relative Error.............|     1.6%|     1.5%|     2.4%|     3.8%|     6.6%|     5.2%|     5.9%|     1.9%|    *       
                                       |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |            
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                                                                                    
       1/  The relative error is the standard error expressed             2/  Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment  
    as a percent of the cost.  We can be 95-percent confident          benefits.                                                    
    that the interval around the cost estimate bounded by two             *  Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.                 
    times plus and two times minus the standard error contains                                                                      
    the 'true' cost.                                                                                                                
                           EXPLANATORY NOTES                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                    
     Employer costs for employee compensation is a measure of the                                                                   
average cost per employee hour worked to employers for wages and                                                                    
salaries and benefits.                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                    
     Wages and salaries are defined as the hourly straight-time wage                                                                
rate, or for workers not paid on an hourly basis, straight-time earnings                                                            
divided by the corresponding hours.  Straight-time wage and salary rates                                                            
are total earnings before payroll deductions, excluding premium pay for                                                             
overtime and for work on weekends and holidays, shift differentials,                                                                
nonproduction bonuses, and lump-sum payments provided in lieu of wage                                                               
increases.  Production bonuses, incentive earnings, commission payments,                                                            
and cost-of-living adjustments are included in straight-time wage and                                                               
salary rates.                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                    
     Benefits covered are:  Paid leave--paid vacations, holidays, sick                                                              
leave, and other leave; supplemental pay--premium pay for overtime and                                                              
work on weekends and holidays, shift differentials, nonproduction                                                                   
bonuses, and lump-sum payments provided in lieu of wage increases;                                                                  
insurance benefits--life, health, and sickness and accident insurance;                                                              
retirement and savings benefits--pension and other retirement plans and                                                             
savings and thrift plans; legally required benefits--social security,                                                               
railroad retirement and supplemental retirement, railroad unemployment                                                              
insurance, Federal and state unemployment insurance, workers'                                                                       
compensation, and other benefits required by law, such as state                                                                     
temporary disability insurance; and other benefits--severance pay and                                                               
supplemental unemployment plans.                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
The Survey                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                    
     Employer costs for employee compensation cover all occupations in                                                              
private industry, excluding farms and households, and state and local                                                               
governments.  These cost levels are published once a year with the                                                                  
payroll period including March 12th as the reference period.                                                                        
                                                                                                                                    
    The cost levels are based on compensation cost data collected for                                                               
the Bureau of Labor Statistics Employment Cost Index (ECI), released                                                                
quarterly.  Cost data were collected from the ECI's March 1993 sample                                                               
which consisted of about 23,000 occupations within 4,500 sample                                                                     
establishments in private industry and 7,000 occupations within 1,000                                                               
establishments in state and local governments.  The sample                                                                          
establishments are classified in industry categories based on the 1987                                                              
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, as defined by the U.S.                                                             
Office of Management and Budget.  Within an establishment, specific job                                                             
categories are selected to represent broader major occupational groups                                                              
such as professional specialty and technical occupations.                                                                           
                                                                                                                                    
     The cost levels are calculated with current employment weights each                                                            
year.  In contrast, the ECI, which measures the change in employer costs                                                            
for employee compensation, is calculated with fixed employment counts                                                               
from the 1980 Census to prevent employment shifts among occupations and                                                             
industries from influencing the changes.  Therefore, year-to-year                                                                   
changes in the cost levels will differ from those in the ECI.                                                                       
                                                                                                                                    
    The March 1993 compensation cost levels were calculated with the                                                                
March 1993 employment counts from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Current                                                            
Employment Statistics program benchmarked to the 1992 universe of all                                                               
private nonfarm establishments.  For private industry, in most cases,                                                               
the employment counts used were total employment estimates for 2-digit                                                              
major industry groups (such as primary metal manufacturing or food                                                                  
stores) as defined by the SIC system.  (For the aerospace industries,                                                               
employment estimates for 4-digit industries such as aircraft                                                                        
manufacturing were used.) For state and local governments, the                                                                      
employment counts used ranged from those for 3-digit industries such                                                                
as hospitals to those for major industry divisions, such as public                                                                  
administration.                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                    
     The employment data from these 2-digit, 3-digit, or 4-digit                                                                    
industries were distributed to major occupational groups (such as                                                                   
executives, administrators, and managers or machine operators,                                                                      
assemblers, and inspectors), using the relative importance of the groups                                                            
as estimated by the ECI sample.  Because the ECI establishment sample is                                                            
completely replaced, industry by industry, on a 4-year cycle, the major                                                             
occupational group employment counts from the ECI are, on average, 2 to                                                             
3 years old.  However, comparisons of cost level estimates showed that                                                              
differences of a few years in the age of the occupation data within                                                                 
industries have a negligible impact on the estimates.                                                                               
                                                                                                                                    
     More information on the cost levels, including how the costs are                                                               
calculated, appears in the article "Analyzing employers' costs for                                                                  
wages, salaries, and benefits" in the October 1987 issue of the Monthly                                                             
Labor Review.  The published cost levels for March 1987 also appear in                                                              
that article.                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                    
     An annual bulletin is issued from the ECI program.  The most recent                                                            
bulletin, Employment Cost Indexes and Levels--1975-92 (Bulletin 2413),                                                              
provides complete historical data on ECI indexes and levels, and                                                                    
measures of the precision of the two series through June 1992.  It also                                                             
includes an explanation of survey methods and discussion of the                                                                     
published information.  The next annual bulletin, to be issued later                                                                
this year, will include this material as well as complete historical ECI                                                            
data and measures of precision through June 1993.                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                    
The Relative Standard Errors                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                    
     Because the data are based on a sample survey, the compensation                                                                
cost estimates probably differ from the figures that would be obtained                                                              
from all units covered by the survey.  To determine the precision of                                                                
each cost level estimate, a standard error was calculated.                                                                          
                                                                                                                                    
     The standard error defines a range (confidence interval) around the                                                            
cost estimate.  The approximate 95-percent confidence interval is the                                                               
estimate plus or minus twice the standard error.  The standard error can                                                            
also be expressed as a percent of the cost estimate, or the relative                                                                
standard error.  For example, the 95-percent confidence interval for a                                                              
cost estimate of $10 with a relative standard error of 1.0 percent would                                                            
be $10.00 plus or minus 2.0 percent (2 times 1.0 percent) or $9.80 to                                                               
$10.20.  We can be 95 percent confident that the "true" cost falls                                                                  
within the confidence interval.                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                    
     The relative standard error is shown with the cost estimates for                                                               
some series in the appendix.  Relative standard errors for all published                                                            
estimates are available upon request.  They also will appear in the 1993                                                            
ECI annual bulletin to be published later this year.  A fuller                                                                      
explanation of the relative standard errors is provided in the article                                                              
"Analyzing employers' costs for wages, salaries, and benefits" in the                                                               
October 1987 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.