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		Tuesday, October 21, 1997

http://stats.bls.gov/ecthome.htm

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation - March 1997

In March 1997, employer costs for employee compensation for civilian 
workers (private industry and state and local government) in the United 
States averaged $19.22 per hour worked, the U.S. Department of Labor's 
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today.  Straight-time wages and 
salaries, which averaged $13.85, accounted for 72 percent of these 
costs, while benefits, which averaged $5.37, accounted for the 
remaining 28 percent.  (See table 1.)

Among the benefit categories, employer costs per hour worked were 
highest for legally required benefits, which averaged $1.62, or 8.4 
percent of total compensation.  Paid leave benefits averaged $1.27 (6.6 
percent), insurance benefits averaged $1.23 (6.4 percent), and 
retirement and savings benefits averaged 75 cents per hour worked (3.9 
percent).

Private industry

In March 1997, private industry employer compensation costs averaged 
$17.97 per hour worked.  Wages and salaries averaged $13.04 per hour 
worked (72.5 percent), while benefits averaged $4.94 (27.5 percent).  
(See table 5.)

Average employer compensation costs were $21.86 in goods-producing 
industries and $16.73  in service-producing industries.  Among the 
published industry series, compensation costs ranged from $9.92 in 
retail trade to $23.49 in durable goods manufacturing.  (See table 10.)

Average compensation costs were $21.60 for white-collar occupations, 
$17.19 for blue-collar occupations, and $9.04 for service occupations.  
Benefits accounted for a greater proportion of compensation costs for 
blue-collar occupations (31.4 percent) than for white-collar (26.2 
percent) and service occupations (23.3 percent).  (See table 6.)

In March 1997, average employer compensation costs were $23.48 for 
union workers and $17.21 for nonunion workers.  Benefits represented a 
greater proportion of compensation costs for union workers (35.5 
percent) than for nonunion workers (25.9 percent).  (See table 7.)  
These compensation cost differences reflect, in part, variation in the 
distribution of union and nonunion workers among occupations, 
industries, and establishment size.

Some historical data for 1994-96 are being corrected with this release.  
See page 3 for further information.



Among the four census regions,  private industry compensation costs 
ranged from an average of $15.79 per hour worked in the South to $20.27 
per hour worked in the Northeast.  The proportion of compensation 
represented by benefits ranged from 26.0 percent in the West to 28.9 
percent in the Midwest.  (See table 7.)

Compensation costs increased with establishment size.  Establishments 
with fewer than 100 employees averaged $15.37, establishments with 100-
499 employees averaged $16.97, and establishments with 500 or more 
employees averaged $24.75.  The proportion of compensation represented 
by benefits also increased with employment size.  For establishments 
with fewer than 100 employees, benefits represented 24.9 percent of 
total compensation; for establishments with 100-499 employees, benefits 
represented 27.6 percent; and, for establishments with 500 or more 
employees, benefits represented 30.8 percent of total compensation.  
(See table 8.)

Compensation costs for full-time workers averaged $20.37 per hour 
worked compared with $9.60 for part-time workers.  Benefit costs 
represented a greater proportion of compensation costs for full-time 
workers than for part-time workers (28.6 percent compared with 19.2 
percent).  (See table 9.)  Workers are classified as full time or part 
time according to the practices of the surveyed establishments.  Part-
time employees are typically scheduled to work fewer hours than full-
time employees in the same work activity.

State and local government

In March 1997, employer costs in state and local governments averaged 
$26.58 per hour worked.  Wages and salaries, which accounted for 70 
percent of the total, averaged $18.61, while benefits, which accounted 
for the remaining 30 percent, averaged $7.97.  (See table 3.)

Average compensation costs in state and local governments were higher 
for white-collar occupations ($29.54) than for blue-collar occupations 
($21.50) and service occupations ($19.50).  (See table 4.)  Service 
occupations include police and firefighters, as well as janitors, 
cooks, and nursing aides.  Benefits accounted for similar proportions 
of total compensation in service occupations (35.9 percent) and blue-
collar occupations (35.2 percent); for white-collar occupations, 
benefits represented 28.2 percent of total compensation.

Among industry groups, compensation costs were higher in services 
(e.g., health services and educational services) than in public 
administration ($27.88 compared with $24.07).  Benefits represented a 
greater proportion of total compensation in public administration (34.6 
percent) than in services (27.7 percent).

Health benefit costs in private industry

In March 1997, private industry health benefit costs averaged 99 cents 
per hour worked, or 5.5 percent of total compensation.  Among the 
benefits, only Social Security, at $1.08 (6.0 percent), had a higher 
cost.

In goods-producing industries, health benefit costs were $1.49 (6.8 
percent) compared with 83 cents (4.9 percent) for service-producing 
industries.  (See table 5.)

Employer costs for health benefits were highest, in average dollar 
amount and proportion of compensation, for blue-collar occupations 
($1.19 per hour worked and 6.9 percent of total compensation) and 
lowest for service occupations (40 cents per hour worked and 4.5 
percent of total compensation).  White-collar occupations averaged 
$1.07 (5.0 percent).  (See table 6.)

Employer costs for health benefits were higher for union workers, 
averaging $2.01 (8.5 percent), than for nonunion workers, averaging 85 
cents (4.9 percent).  (See table 7.)

Among the four census regions, costs for health benefits ranged from 86 
cents in the South to $1.17 in the Northeast.  (See table 7.)  Health 
benefit costs increased, both in average dollar amount and as a 
proportion of total compensation, with establishment size.  
Establishments with fewer than 100 employees averaged 72 cents (4.7 
percent), those with 100-499 employees averaged 98 cents (5.8 percent), 
and those with 500 or more employees averaged $1.57 (6.3 percent).  
(See table 8.)

Retirement and savings benefit costs in private industry

In March 1997, the average cost for retirement and savings was 55 cents 
per hour worked in private industry (3.0 percent of total 
compensation).  Included in this amount are employer costs for defined 
benefit plans, which averaged 26 cents (1.4 percent), and defined 
contribution plans, which averaged 29 cents (1.6 percent).  Defined 
benefit plans specify a formula for determining future benefits, while 
defined contribution plans specify employer and employee contributions 
but do not guarantee future benefits.

Retirement and savings costs were higher in goods-producing (85 cents 
per hour worked and 3.9 percent of total compensation)  than in 
service-producing industries (45 cents per hour worked and 2.7 percent 
of total compensation).  Defined benefit plan costs represented a 
greater proportion of employer costs (relative to defined contribution 
plans) in goods-producing than in service-producing industries.  (See 
table 5.)

The average cost per hour worked for retirement and savings was 65 
cents for white-collar occupations, 62 cents for blue-collar 
occupations, and 12 cents for service occupations.  Although white-
collar occupations had the highest average cost among the occupational 
categories, blue-collar occupations had a slightly higher proportion of 
retirement and savings costs as a percent of total compensation (3.6 
percent).  Retirement and savings costs represented 3.0 percent of 
total compensation for white-collar occupations and 1.3 percent for 
service occupations.  (See table 6.)

Retirement and savings costs were higher, both in average dollar 
amounts and as a proportion of total compensation, for union workers 
($1.33 and 5.7 percent of total compensation) than for nonunion workers 
(44 cents and 2.5 percent of total compensation).  Defined benefit plan 
costs represented a greater proportion of employer costs (relative to 
defined contribution plans) for union workers than for nonunion 
workers.  (See table 7.)

Retirement and savings costs ranged from 46 cents per hour worked in 
the South to 63 cents in the Northeast.  The proportion of total 
compensation represented by retirement and savings varied slightly 
among regions.  (See table 7.)

Retirement and savings costs increased, both in average dollar amount 
and as a proportion of total compensation, with establishment size.  
Establishments with fewer than 100 employees averaged 35 cents (2.3 
percent), establishments with 100-499 employees averaged 51 cents (3.0 
percent), and establishments with 500 or more employees averaged $1.01 
(4.1 percent).  Defined benefit plan costs accounted for a greater 
proportion of total retirement and savings costs as establishment size 
increased.  (See table 8.)

NOTE

In conjunction with this release, corrected data for civilian workers 
for 1994-1996 and for full-time workers in manufacturing (private 
industry) for 1996 are being issued.  Other private industry series 
were not affected.  Tables A1-A3 show original estimates, corrected 
estimates, and differences for total compensation, wages and salaries, 
and benefits for the affected series.  Corrections for individual 
benefits are available upon request or from 
http://stats.bls.gov/ecthome.htm.







Table of Contents:

Table 1.	Civilian workers by broad occupational categories	6

Table 2.	Civilian workers by occupational and industry group	7

Table 3.	State and local government by broad occupational and 
industry categories	8

Table 4.	State and local government by occupational and industry 
group	9

Table 5.	Private industry by broad industry categories	10

Table 6.	Private industry by broad occupational categories	11

Table 7.	Private industry by region and bargaining status	12

Table 8.	Private industry by establishment employment size	13

Table 9.	Private industry by full-time and part-time status	14

Table 10.	Private industry by occupational and industry categories
	15

Table 11.	Private goods-producing and service-producing industries
	16

Table 12.	Private manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries	17

Table 13.	Private industry union and nonunion workers	18

Table 14.	Private industry by establishment employment size	19

Table 15.	Private industry health services by occupational categories
	20

Table 16.	Special industries	21


Corrections for Employer Costs for Employee Compensation


Table A1.	Civilian workers by occupational and industry group, 
corrected data for March 1994	22

Table A2.	Civilian workers by occupational and industry group, 
corrected data for March 1995	23

Table A3.	Civilian workers by occupational and industry group and 
private industry, full-time workers in manufacturing, corrected data 
for March 1996	24



Explanatory notes	25



Appendix table.	Employer costs per hour worked for components of 
compensation, and relative standard errors (in percent), by major 
industry and occupational categories, March 1997	28


Table 1.  CIVILIAN WORKERS BY BROAD OCCUPATIONAL CATEGORIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee
compensation, and costs as a percent of total compensation, March 1997
                                                                                                          
                                                                                                          
                                    Civilian workers    White-collar      Blue-collar         Service     
           Compensation                                                                                   
            component                                                                                     
                                     Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent
                                                                                                          
                                                                                                          
                                                                                                          
Total compensation................  $19.22    100.0   $23.10    100.0   $17.46    100.0   $10.69    100.0 
                                                                                                          
  Wages and salaries..............   13.85     72.0    16.95     73.4    11.93     68.3     7.82     73.2 
                                                                                                          
  Total benefits..................    5.37     28.0     6.16     26.6     5.53     31.7     2.87     26.8 
                                                                                                          
    Paid leave....................    1.27      6.6     1.64      7.1     1.00      5.7      .60      5.6 
     Vacation pay.................     .58      3.0      .73      3.2      .52      3.0      .27      2.5 
     Holiday pay..................     .43      2.2      .56      2.4      .35      2.0      .19      1.8 
     Sick leave...................     .19      1.0      .27      1.2      .09       .5      .11      1.0 
     Other leave pay..............     .06       .3      .09       .4      .04       .2      .03       .3 
                                                                                                          
   Supplemental pay...............     .47      2.4      .48      2.1      .64      3.6      .19      1.8 
     Premium pay..................     .19      1.0      .10       .4      .42      2.4      .10       .9 
     Shift pay....................     .05       .2      .04       .2      .06       .4      .04       .4 
     Nonproduction bonuses........     .23      1.2      .34      1.5      .15       .8      .05       .5 
                                                                                                          
   Insurance......................    1.23      6.4     1.38      6.0     1.34      7.7      .64      6.0 
     Life insurance...............     .05       .2      .06       .2      .05       .3      .02       .1 
     Health insurance.............    1.13      5.9     1.26      5.5     1.23      7.1      .60      5.6 
     Sickness and accident                                                                                
      insurance...................     .03       .2      .03       .1      .04       .2      .02       .2 
     Long-term disability                                                                                 
      insurance...................     .02       .1      .03       .1     (1)      (1)      (1)      (1)  
                                                                                                          
   Retirement and savings.........     .75      3.9      .92      4.0      .68      3.9      .38      3.5 
     Defined benefit plans........     .49      2.5      .55      2.4      .47      2.7      .32      3.0 
     Defined contribution plans...     .27      1.4      .37      1.6      .21      1.2      .06       .5 
                                                                                                          
   Legally required benefits......    1.62      8.4     1.70      7.3     1.84     10.5     1.06      9.9 
     Social Security..............    1.11      5.8     1.32      5.7     1.01      5.8      .65      6.1 
       OASDI(2)...................     .88      4.6     1.05      4.5      .82      4.7      .53      4.9 
       Medicare...................     .22      1.2      .27      1.2      .19      1.1      .13      1.2 
     Federal unemployment                                                                                 
      insurance...................     .03       .1      .03       .1      .03       .2      .03       .3 
     State unemployment                                                                                   
      insurance...................     .11       .6      .11       .5      .12       .7      .09       .8 
     Workers' compensation........     .38      2.0      .25      1.1      .68      3.9      .29      2.7 
                                                                                                          
     Other benefits(3)............     .03       .1      .03       .1      .03       .2     (1)      (1)  

  1 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  2 OASDI is the abbreviation for Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance.  The total employer's cost
for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a medicare portion.
  3 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

Table 2.  CIVILIAN WORKERS BY OCCUPATIONAL AND INDUSTRY GROUP: Employer costs per hour worked for employee
compensation, and costs as a percent of total compensation, by occupational and industry group, March 1997
                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                   
                                                                              Benefit costs                        
                                     Total    Wages                                                                
              Series                compen-    and                                                                 
                                    sation  salaries                    Supple-           Retire-  Legally   Other 
                                                       Total    Paid    mental   Insur-  ment and required   bene- 
                                                                leave     pay     ance    savings benefits  fits(1)
                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                   
                                   
                                                                 Cost per hour worked
                                   
                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                   
Civilian workers..................  $19.22   $13.85    $5.37    $1.27    $0.47    $1.23    $0.75    $1.62    $0.03 
                                                                                                                   
    White-collar occupations......   23.10    16.95     6.16     1.64      .48     1.38      .92     1.70      .03 
      Professional specialty and                                                                                   
       technical..................   31.08    22.87     8.21     2.14      .62     1.75     1.48     2.18      .05 
        Professional..............   33.11    24.48     8.63     2.24      .64     1.85     1.61     2.24      .05 
          Nurses..................   28.41    20.54     7.87     2.32      .97     1.42      .85     2.31     (2)  
          Teachers................   35.37    26.79     8.58     1.78      .06     2.19     2.40     2.09      .06 
        Technical.................   23.80    17.09     6.71     1.78      .52     1.42     1.01     1.94      .05 
      Executive, administrative,                                                                                   
       and managerial.............   33.12    24.04     9.07     2.87      .77     1.72     1.33     2.32      .05 
      Administrative support,                                                                                      
       including clerical.........   15.44    10.99     4.45     1.13      .29     1.27      .55     1.19      .02 
    Blue-collar occupations.......   17.46    11.93     5.53     1.00      .64     1.34      .68     1.84      .03 
    Service occupations...........   10.69     7.82     2.87      .60      .19      .64      .38     1.06     (2)  
                                                                                                                   
    Services......................   20.27    15.03     5.24     1.33      .36     1.18      .80     1.55      .02 
      Health services.............   18.58    13.55     5.03     1.44      .43     1.08      .57     1.50     (2)  
        Hospitals.................   21.79    15.28     6.52     1.93      .67     1.55      .68     1.66     (2)  
      Educational services........   28.57    21.03     7.54     1.77      .09     2.04     1.90     1.70      .04 
        Elementary and secondary                                                                                   
         education................   28.26    20.84     7.43     1.58      .06     2.21     1.91     1.61      .06 
        Higher education..........   30.18    22.14     8.04     2.17      .15     1.80     2.01     1.91     (2)  
                                   
                                                            Percent of total compensation
                                   
                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                   
Civilian workers..................   100.0     72.0     28.0      6.6      2.4      6.4      3.9      8.4      0.1 
                                                                                                                   
    White-collar occupations......   100.0     73.4     26.6      7.1      2.1      6.0      4.0      7.3       .1 
      Professional specialty and                                                                                   
       technical..................   100.0     73.6     26.4      6.9      2.0      5.6      4.8      7.0       .2 
        Professional..............   100.0     73.9     26.1      6.8      1.9      5.6      4.9      6.8       .2 
          Nurses..................   100.0     72.3     27.7      8.2      3.4      5.0      3.0      8.1     (2)  
          Teachers................   100.0     75.8     24.2      5.0       .2      6.2      6.8      5.9       .2 
        Technical.................   100.0     71.8     28.2      7.5      2.2      6.0      4.3      8.1       .2 
      Executive, administrative,                                                                                   
       and managerial.............   100.0     72.6     27.4      8.7      2.3      5.2      4.0      7.0       .2 
      Administrative support,                                                                                      
       including clerical.........   100.0     71.2     28.8      7.3      1.9      8.2      3.6      7.7       .1 
    Blue-collar occupations.......   100.0     68.3     31.7      5.7      3.6      7.7      3.9     10.5       .2 
    Service occupations...........   100.0     73.2     26.8      5.6      1.8      6.0      3.5      9.9     (2)  
                                                                                                                   
    Services......................   100.0     74.2     25.8      6.6      1.8      5.8      4.0      7.6       .1 
      Health services.............   100.0     72.9     27.1      7.8      2.3      5.8      3.1      8.1     (2)  
        Hospitals.................   100.0     70.1     29.9      8.9      3.1      7.1      3.1      7.6     (2)  
      Educational services........   100.0     73.6     26.4      6.2       .3      7.1      6.6      6.0       .1 
        Elementary and secondary                                                                                   
         education................   100.0     73.7     26.3      5.6       .2      7.8      6.7      5.7       .2 
        Higher education..........   100.0     73.4     26.6      7.2       .5      6.0      6.7      6.3     (2)  

  1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
  2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

Table 3.  STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT BY BROAD OCCUPATIONAL AND INDUSTRY CATEGORIES: Employer costs per
hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent of total compensation, March 1997
                                                                                                          
                                                                                                          
                                     All workers in     White-collar        Service           Service     
                                    State and local     occupations       occupations        industries   
           Compensation               governments                                                         
            component                                                                                     
                                                                                                          
                                     Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent
                                                                                                          
                                                                                                          
                                                                                                          
Total compensation................  $26.58    100.0   $29.54    100.0   $19.50    100.0   $27.88    100.0 
                                                                                                          
  Wages and salaries..............   18.61     70.0    21.21     71.8    12.51     64.1    20.15     72.3 
                                                                                                          
  Total benefits..................    7.97     30.0     8.33     28.2     6.99     35.9     7.73     27.7 
                                                                                                          
    Paid leave....................    2.06      7.7     2.14      7.3     1.78      9.1     1.87      6.7 
     Vacation pay.................     .70      2.6      .66      2.2      .75      3.9      .52      1.9 
     Holiday pay..................     .67      2.5      .71      2.4      .57      2.9      .63      2.3 
     Sick leave...................     .52      2.0      .59      2.0      .34      1.8      .55      2.0 
     Other leave pay..............     .16       .6      .18       .6      .12       .6      .17       .6 
                                                                                                          
   Supplemental pay...............     .23       .9      .14       .5      .44      2.3      .15       .5 
     Premium pay..................     .11       .4      .04       .1      .23      1.2      .05       .2 
     Shift pay....................     .05       .2      .04       .1      .11       .6      .05       .2 
     Nonproduction bonuses........     .06       .2      .06       .2      .10       .5      .05       .2 
                                                                                                          
   Insurance......................    2.09      7.9     2.20      7.5     1.74      8.9     2.11      7.6 
     Life insurance...............     .05       .2      .05       .2      .04       .2      .05       .2 
     Health insurance.............    1.99      7.5     2.10      7.1     1.65      8.5     2.01      7.2 
     Sickness and accident                                                                                
      insurance...................     .02       .1      .02       .1      .02       .1      .02       .1 
     Long-term disability                                                                                 
      insurance...................     .03       .1      .03       .1      .02       .1      .03       .1 
                                                                                                          
   Retirement and savings.........    1.95      7.4     2.08      7.0     1.76      9.0     1.93      6.9 
     Defined benefit plans........    1.82      6.8     1.91      6.5     1.70      8.7     1.77      6.3 
     Defined contribution plans...     .14       .5      .17       .6      .05       .3      .16       .6 
                                                                                                          
   Legally required benefits......    1.61      6.1     1.73      5.9     1.24      6.4     1.63      5.8 
     Social Security..............    1.25      4.7     1.42      4.8      .80      4.1     1.35      4.8 
       OASDI(1)...................     .98      3.7     1.11      3.8      .62      3.2     1.05      3.8 
       Medicare...................     .27      1.0      .31      1.1      .18       .9      .29      1.1 
     Federal unemployment                                                                                 
      insurance...................    (2)      (2)      (2)      (2)      (2)      (2)      (2)      (2)  
     State unemployment                                                                                   
      insurance...................     .05       .2      .05       .2      .05       .3      .05       .2 
     Workers' compensation........     .30      1.1      .25       .9      .39      2.0      .23       .8 
                                                                                                          
     Other benefits(3)............     .04       .1      .04       .1      .03       .2      .04       .2 

  1 OASDI is the abbreviation for Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance.  The total employer's cost
for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a medicare portion.
  2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  3 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

Table 4.  STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT BY OCCUPATIONAL AND INDUSTRY GROUP: Employer costs per hour worked for
employee compensation, and costs as a percent of total compensation, by occupational and industry group, March 1997
                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                   
                                                                              Benefit costs                        
                                     Total    Wages                                                                
              Series                compen-    and                                                                 
                                    sation  salaries                    Supple-           Retire-  Legally   Other 
                                                       Total    Paid    mental   Insur-  ment and required   bene- 
                                                                leave     pay     ance    savings benefits  fits(1)
                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                   
                                   
                                                                 Cost per hour worked
                                   
                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                   
State and local                                                                                                    
 government workers...............  $26.58   $18.61    $7.97    $2.06    $0.23    $2.09    $1.95    $1.61    $0.04 
                                                                                                                   
   White-collar occupations.......   29.54    21.21     8.33     2.14      .14     2.20     2.08     1.73      .04 
      Professional specialty and                                                                                   
       technical..................   34.92    25.78     9.14     2.12      .15     2.33     2.49     1.99      .06 
       Professional...............   36.25    26.89     9.36     2.13      .13     2.40     2.59     2.05      .06 
         Teachers.................   38.86    29.20     9.66     1.97      .06     2.54     2.89     2.13      .07 
      Executive, administrative,                                                                                   
       and managerial.............   33.78    23.43    10.35     3.40      .18     2.24     2.48     2.03     (2)  
      Administrative support,                                                                                      
       including clerical.........   17.04    11.28     5.76     1.55      .09     1.93     1.09     1.08      .02 
   Blue-collar occupations........   21.50    13.93     7.57     2.03      .38     2.03     1.58     1.53      .03 
   Service occupations............   19.50    12.51     6.99     1.78      .44     1.74     1.76     1.24      .03 
                                                                                                                   
   Services.......................   27.88    20.15     7.73     1.87      .15     2.11     1.93     1.63      .04 
     Health services..............   21.99    14.67     7.32     2.28      .58     1.71     1.14     1.59      .03 
       Hospitals..................   22.53    15.10     7.43     2.35      .56     1.68     1.19     1.62      .03 
     Educational services.........   29.21    21.37     7.84     1.79      .09     2.17     2.09     1.66      .05 
       Elementary and secondary                                                                                    
         education................   28.94    21.29     7.66     1.63      .06     2.28     2.02     1.61      .06 
       Higher education...........   30.53    22.10     8.43     2.23      .17     1.90     2.31     1.81     (2)  
   Public administration..........   24.07    15.73     8.33     2.40      .33     1.99     2.10     1.49      .03 
                                   
                                                            Percent of total compensation
                                   
                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                   
State and local                                                                                                    
 government workers...............   100.0     70.0     30.0      7.7      0.9      7.9      7.4      6.1      0.1 
                                                                                                                   
   White-collar occupations.......   100.0     71.8     28.2      7.3       .5      7.5      7.0      5.9       .1 
      Professional specialty and                                                                                   
       technical..................   100.0     73.8     26.2      6.1       .4      6.7      7.1      5.7       .2 
       Professional...............   100.0     74.2     25.8      5.9       .4      6.6      7.1      5.7       .2 
         Teachers.................   100.0     75.1     24.9      5.1       .1      6.5      7.4      5.5       .2 
      Executive, administrative,                                                                                   
       and managerial.............   100.0     69.4     30.6     10.1       .5      6.6      7.3      6.0     (2)  
      Administrative support,                                                                                      
       including clerical.........   100.0     66.2     33.8      9.1       .5     11.3      6.4      6.3       .1 
   Blue-collar occupations........   100.0     64.8     35.2      9.4      1.7      9.4      7.3      7.1       .1 
   Service occupations............   100.0     64.1     35.9      9.1      2.3      8.9      9.0      6.4       .2 
                                                                                                                   
   Services.......................   100.0     72.3     27.7      6.7       .5      7.6      6.9      5.8       .2 
     Health services..............   100.0     66.7     33.3     10.4      2.6      7.8      5.2      7.2       .1 
       Hospitals..................   100.0     67.0     33.0     10.4      2.5      7.5      5.3      7.2       .1 
     Educational services.........   100.0     73.2     26.8      6.1       .3      7.4      7.1      5.7       .2 
       Elementary and secondary                                                                                    
         education................   100.0     73.5     26.5      5.6       .2      7.9      7.0      5.6       .2 
       Higher education...........   100.0     72.4     27.6      7.3       .6      6.2      7.6      5.9     (2)  
   Public administration..........   100.0     65.4     34.6     10.0      1.4      8.3      8.7      6.2       .1 

  1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
  2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

Table 5. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY BROAD INDUSTRY CATEGORIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a
percent of total compensation, March 1997
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
                                             All workers in  Goodsproducing(1)      Service-       Manufacturing    Nonmanufacturing
               Compensation                 private industry                      producing(2)                                      
                component                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                    
                                             Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
Total compensation........................  $17.97    100.0   $21.86    100.0   $16.73    100.0   $21.84    100.0   $17.10    100.0 
                                                                                                                                    
  Wages and salaries......................   13.04     72.5    14.92     68.2    12.44     74.3    14.79     67.7    12.64     73.9 
                                                                                                                                    
  Total benefits..........................    4.94     27.5     6.94     31.8     4.29     25.7     7.05     32.3     4.46     26.1 
                                                                                                                                    
    Paid leave............................    1.14      6.3     1.45      6.6     1.04      6.2     1.66      7.6     1.02      6.0 
     Vacation pay.........................     .57      3.2      .76      3.5      .50      3.0      .85      3.9      .50      2.9 
     Holiday pay..........................     .39      2.2      .53      2.4      .35      2.1      .61      2.8      .34      2.0 
     Sick leave...........................     .13       .7      .11       .5      .14       .8      .12       .6      .13       .8 
     Other leave pay......................     .05       .3      .05       .2      .05       .3      .07       .3      .04       .3 
                                                                                                                                    
   Supplemental pay.......................     .51      2.9      .82      3.8      .42      2.5      .88      4.0      .43      2.5 
     Premium pay..........................     .21      1.1      .45      2.1      .13       .8      .45      2.1      .15       .9 
     Shift pay............................     .05       .3      .07       .3      .04       .2      .09       .4      .04       .2 
     Nonproduction bonuses................     .26      1.4      .30      1.4      .25      1.5      .33      1.5      .24      1.4 
                                                                                                                                    
   Insurance..............................    1.09      6.1     1.64      7.5      .92      5.5     1.70      7.8      .95      5.6 
     Life insurance.......................     .05       .3      .07       .3      .04       .2      .07       .3      .04       .2 
     Health insurance.....................     .99      5.5     1.49      6.8      .83      4.9     1.55      7.1      .86      5.0 
     Sickness and accident                                                                                                          
      insurance...........................     .03       .2      .06       .3      .03       .2      .07       .3      .03       .2 
     Long-term disability                                                                                                           
      insurance...........................     .02       .1      .02       .1      .02       .1      .02       .1      .02       .1 
                                                                                                                                    
   Retirement and savings.................     .55      3.0      .85      3.9      .45      2.7      .79      3.6      .49      2.9 
     Defined benefit plans................     .26      1.4      .49      2.2      .19      1.1      .44      2.0      .22      1.3 
     Defined contribution plans...........     .29      1.6      .36      1.7      .26      1.6      .35      1.6      .27      1.6 
                                                                                                                                    
   Legally required benefits..............    1.62      9.0     2.11      9.7     1.46      8.7     1.94      8.9     1.55      9.1 
     Social Security......................    1.08      6.0     1.27      5.8     1.03      6.1     1.27      5.8     1.04      6.1 
       OASDI(3)...........................     .87      4.8     1.02      4.7      .82      4.9     1.03      4.7      .83      4.9 
       Medicare...........................     .21      1.2      .25      1.1      .20      1.2      .25      1.1      .21      1.2 
     Federal unemployment                                                                                                           
      insurance...........................     .03       .2      .03       .1      .03       .2      .03       .1      .03       .2 
     State unemployment                                                                                                             
      insurance...........................     .12       .6      .14       .7      .11       .6      .13       .6      .11       .7 
     Workers' compensation................     .39      2.2      .68      3.1      .30      1.8      .51      2.4      .36      2.1 
                                                                                                                                    
     Other benefits(4)....................     .03       .1      .07       .3     (5)      (5)       .08       .4     (5)      (5)  

  1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
  2 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and service industries.
  3 OASDI is the abbreviation for Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance.  The total employer's cost for Social Security is
comprised of an OASDI portion and a medicare portion.

  4 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
  5 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

Table 6. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY BROAD OCCUPATIONAL CATEGORIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee
compensation, and costs as a percent of total compensation, March 1997
                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                  
                                             All workers in     White-collar      Blue-collar         Service     
               Compensation                 private industry                                                      
                component                                                                                         
                                                                                                                  
                                             Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent
                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                  
Total compensation........................  $17.97    100.0   $21.60    100.0   $17.19    100.0    $9.04    100.0 
                                                                                                                  
  Wages and salaries......................   13.04     72.5    15.94     73.8    11.80     68.6     6.94     76.7 
                                                                                                                  
  Total benefits..........................    4.94     27.5     5.66     26.2     5.39     31.4     2.10     23.3 
                                                                                                                  
    Paid leave............................    1.14      6.3     1.53      7.1      .93      5.4      .37      4.1 
     Vacation pay.........................     .57      3.2      .75      3.5      .50      2.9      .18      2.0 
     Holiday pay..........................     .39      2.2      .52      2.4      .34      1.9      .12      1.3 
     Sick leave...........................     .13       .7      .19       .9      .07       .4      .06       .7 
     Other leave pay......................     .05       .3      .07       .3      .03       .2      .02       .2 
                                                                                                                  
   Supplemental pay.......................     .51      2.9      .56      2.6      .65      3.8      .14      1.6 
     Premium pay..........................     .21      1.1      .12       .5      .43      2.5      .07       .8 
     Shift pay............................     .05       .3      .04       .2      .06       .4      .03       .3 
     Nonproduction bonuses................     .26      1.4      .40      1.9      .15       .9      .04       .5 
                                                                                                                  
   Insurance..............................    1.09      6.1     1.20      5.6     1.29      7.5      .44      4.8 
     Life insurance.......................     .05       .3      .06       .3      .05       .3     (1)      (1)  
     Health insurance.....................     .99      5.5     1.07      5.0     1.19      6.9      .40      4.5 
     Sickness and accident                                                                                        
      insurance...........................     .03       .2      .04       .2      .04       .2      .02       .2 
     Long-term disability                                                                                         
      insurance...........................     .02       .1      .03       .1     (1)      (1)      (1)      (1)  
                                                                                                                  
   Retirement and savings.................     .55      3.0      .65      3.0      .62      3.6      .12      1.3 
     Defined benefit plans................     .26      1.4      .24      1.1      .40      2.4      .06       .6 
     Defined contribution plans...........     .29      1.6      .41      1.9      .22      1.3      .06       .6 
                                                                                                                  
   Legally required benefits..............    1.62      9.0     1.69      7.8     1.86     10.8     1.03     11.4 
     Social Security......................    1.08      6.0     1.29      6.0     1.01      5.9      .63      6.9 
       OASDI(2)...........................     .87      4.8     1.03      4.8      .82      4.8      .51      5.6 
       Medicare...........................     .21      1.2      .26      1.2      .19      1.1      .12      1.3 
     Federal unemployment                                                                                         
      insurance...........................     .03       .2      .03       .1      .03       .2      .03       .4 
     State unemployment                                                                                           
      insurance...........................     .12       .6      .12       .5      .12       .7      .09      1.0 
     Workers' compensation................     .39      2.2      .25      1.1      .70      4.1      .27      3.0 
                                                                                                                  
     Other benefits(3)....................     .03       .1      .03       .1      .04       .2     (1)      (1)  

  1 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  2 OASDI is the abbreviation for Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance.  The total employer's cost for
Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a medicare portion.
  3 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

Table 7. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY REGION AND BARGAINING STATUS: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent of
total compensation, March 1997
                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                              
                                                                  Region(1)                                         Bargaining status         
                                                                                                                                              
           Compensation                                                                                                                       
            component                  Northeast           South            Midwest             West             Union            Nonunion    
                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                              
                                     Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent   Cost    Percent
                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                              
Total compensation................  $20.27    100.0   $15.79    100.0   $17.33    100.0   $19.68    100.0   $23.48    100.0   $17.21    100.0 
                                                                                                                                              
  Wages and salaries..............   14.52     71.6    11.61     73.5    12.33     71.1    14.57     74.0    15.13     64.5    12.75     74.1 
                                                                                                                                              
  Total benefits..................    5.75     28.4     4.18     26.5     5.00     28.9     5.11     26.0     8.34     35.5     4.46     25.9 
                                                                                                                                              
    Paid leave....................    1.43      7.1      .92      5.8     1.08      6.2     1.23      6.2     1.56      6.6     1.08      6.3 
     Vacation pay.................     .68      3.4      .47      2.9      .56      3.2      .61      3.1      .86      3.7      .53      3.1 
     Holiday pay..................     .49      2.4      .31      2.0      .37      2.2      .42      2.1      .49      2.1      .38      2.2 
     Sick leave...................     .19       .9      .11       .7      .10       .6      .15       .8      .14       .6      .13       .8 
     Other leave pay..............     .06       .3      .04       .2      .04       .3      .05       .3      .06       .3      .05       .3 
                                                                                                                                              
   Supplemental pay...............     .53      2.6      .38      2.4      .67      3.9      .49      2.5      .91      3.9      .46      2.7 
     Premium pay..................     .20      1.0      .19      1.2      .26      1.5      .18       .9      .59      2.5      .15       .9 
     Shift pay....................     .05       .3      .04       .2      .06       .3      .05       .2      .13       .6      .04       .2 
     Nonproduction bonuses........     .28      1.4      .16      1.0      .36      2.1      .26      1.3      .19       .8      .27      1.6 
                                                                                                                                              
   Insurance......................    1.30      6.4      .95      6.0     1.12      6.5     1.03      5.2     2.19      9.3      .94      5.4 
     Life insurance...............     .05       .3      .04       .3      .05       .3      .04       .2      .08       .4      .04       .2 
     Health insurance.............    1.17      5.8      .86      5.4     1.02      5.9      .95      4.8     2.01      8.5      .85      4.9 
     Sickness and accident                                                                                                                    
      insurance...................     .05       .3      .03       .2      .04       .2      .02       .1      .08       .3      .03       .2 
     Long-term disability                                                                                                                     
      insurance...................     .02       .1      .02       .1      .02       .1      .02       .1      .02       .1      .02       .1 
                                                                                                                                              
   Retirement and savings.........     .63      3.1      .46      2.9      .58      3.4      .54      2.8     1.33      5.7      .44      2.5 
     Defined benefit plans........     .29      1.4      .22      1.4      .29      1.7      .24      1.2     1.06      4.5      .15       .9 
     Defined contribution plans...     .34      1.7      .24      1.5      .29      1.7      .31      1.6      .26      1.1      .29      1.7 
                                                                                                                                              
   Legally required benefits......    1.84      9.1     1.46      9.2     1.51      8.7     1.80      9.1     2.27      9.7     1.53      8.9 
     Social Security..............    1.20      5.9      .97      6.2     1.04      6.0     1.19      6.0     1.30      5.6     1.05      6.1 
       OASDI(2)...................     .96      4.7      .78      5.0      .84      4.8      .95      4.8     1.06      4.5      .84      4.9 
       Medicare...................     .24      1.2      .19      1.2      .20      1.2      .24      1.2      .25      1.1      .21      1.2 
     Federal unemployment                                                                                                                     
      insurance...................     .03       .2      .03       .2      .03       .2      .03       .2      .03       .1      .03       .2 
     State unemployment                                                                                                                       
      insurance...................     .18       .9      .07       .4      .10       .6      .14       .7      .15       .6      .11       .6 
     Workers' compensation........     .42      2.1      .38      2.4      .34      2.0      .43      2.2      .79      3.4      .34      2.0 
                                                                                                                                              
     Other benefits(3)............     .03       .1      .02       .1      .04       .2      .02       .1      .08       .3      .02       .1 


  1 The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast:Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode
Island, and Vermont; South:Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi,
North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan,
Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; and West:Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho,
Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
  2 OASDI is the abbreviation for Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance.  The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of
an OASDI portion and a medicare portion.
  3 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

Table 8.  PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY ESTABLISHMENT EMPLOYMENT SIZE: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a
percent of total compensation, March 1997
                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                      
                                      All workers in           1-99                            100 workers or more                    
                                     private industry        workers                                                                  
                                                                                                                                      
           Compensation                                                                                                               
            component                                                             Total              100-499       500 workers or more
                                                                                                     workers                          
                                      Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent                                                             
                                                                                                                                      
                                                                              Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent     Cost    Percent 
                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                      
Total compensation................   $17.97    100.0     $15.37    100.0     $20.61    100.0     $16.97    100.0     $24.75    100.0  
                                                                                                                                      
 Wages and salaries...............    13.04     72.5      11.54     75.1      14.55     70.6      12.29     72.4      17.12     69.2  
                                                                                                                                      
 Total benefits...................     4.94     27.5       3.82     24.9       6.06     29.4       4.68     27.6       7.63     30.8  
                                                                                                                                      
  Paid leave......................     1.14      6.3       0.78      5.1       1.50      7.3       1.06      6.2       2.00      8.1  
   Vacation pay...................     0.57      3.2       0.38      2.5       0.75      3.7       0.52      3.1       1.02      4.1  
   Holiday pay....................     0.39      2.2       0.28      1.8       0.50      2.4       0.36      2.1       0.66      2.7  
   Sick leave.....................     0.13      0.7       0.09      0.6       0.18      0.9       0.13      0.7       0.24      1.0  
   Other leave pay................     0.05      0.3       0.03      0.2       0.07      0.3       0.05      0.3       0.09      0.4  
                                                                                                                                      
  Supplemental pay................     0.51      2.9       0.39      2.6       0.64      3.1       0.46      2.7       0.83      3.4  
   Premium pay....................     0.21      1.1       0.14      0.9       0.27      1.3       0.23      1.3       0.32      1.3  
   Shift pay......................     0.05      0.3      (1)       (1)        0.09      0.4       0.04      0.3       0.14      0.6  
   Nonproduction bonuses..........     0.26      1.4       0.24      1.6       0.28      1.3       0.19      1.1       0.38      1.5  
                                                                                                                                      
  Insurance.......................     1.09      6.1       0.79      5.2       1.39      6.7       1.08      6.4       1.74      7.0  
   Life insurance.................     0.05      0.3       0.04      0.2       0.06      0.3       0.04      0.3       0.07      0.3  
   Health insurance...............     0.99      5.5       0.72      4.7       1.26      6.1       0.98      5.8       1.57      6.3  
     Sickness and accident                                                                                                            
      insurance...................     0.03      0.2       0.02      0.1       0.05      0.2       0.04      0.2       0.06      0.3  
     Long-term disability                                                                                                             
      insurance...................     0.02      0.1      (1)       (1)        0.03      0.1       0.02      0.1       0.04      0.2  
                                                                                                                                      
  Retirement and savings..........     0.55      3.0       0.35      2.3       0.74      3.6       0.51      3.0       1.01      4.1  
   Defined benefit plans..........     0.26      1.4       0.14      0.9       0.38      1.9       0.22      1.3       0.58      2.3  
   Defined contribution plans.....     0.29      1.6       0.22      1.4       0.36      1.7       0.29      1.7       0.43      1.7  
                                                                                                                                      
  Legally required benefits.......     1.62      9.0       1.50      9.7       1.75      8.5       1.56      9.2       1.97      7.9  
   Social Security................     1.08      6.0       0.96      6.2       1.21      5.9       1.02      6.0       1.43      5.8  
    OASDI(2)......................     0.87      4.8       0.77      5.0       0.97      4.7       0.82      4.8       1.15      4.6  
    Medicare......................     0.21      1.2       0.19      1.2       0.24      1.2       0.20      1.2       0.29      1.2  
     Federal unemployment                                                                                                             
      insurance...................     0.03      0.2       0.03      0.2       0.03      0.1       0.03      0.2       0.03      0.1  
     State unemployment                                                                                                               
      insurance...................     0.12      0.6       0.11      0.7       0.12      0.6       0.12      0.7       0.11      0.5  
   Workers' compensation..........     0.39      2.2       0.39      2.6       0.39      1.9       0.38      2.3       0.39      1.6  
                                                                                                                                      
  Other benefits(3)...............     0.03      0.1      (1)       (1)        0.05      0.2       0.02      0.1       0.08      0.3  

  1 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

  2 OASDI is the abbreviation for Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance.  The total employer's cost for Social Security is
comprised of an OASDI portion and a medicare portion.
  3 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.

Table 9. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY FULL-TIME AND PART-TIME STATUS: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs
as a percent of total compensation, March 1997
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                            Benefit costs                        
                                                   Total    Wages                                                                
                     Series                       compen-    and                                                                 
                                                  sation  salaries                    Supple-           Retire-  Legally   Other 
                                                                     Total    Paid    mental   Insur-  ment and required   bene- 
                                                                              leave     pay     ance    savings benefits  fits(1)
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
                                                 
                                                                               Cost per hour worked
                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
All full-time workers in private industry.......  $20.37   $14.55    $5.82    $1.38    $0.62    $1.33    $0.66    $1.79    $0.03 
  White-collar occupations......................   24.04    17.53     6.51     1.81      .66     1.42      .77     1.82      .04 
     Sales occupations..........................   19.52    15.07     4.44      .98      .48      .96      .46     1.55      .02 
     Administrative support, including clerical.   15.99    11.37     4.62     1.18      .36     1.32      .50     1.25      .02 
  Blue-collar occupations.......................   18.02    12.29     5.73     1.01      .70     1.39      .66     1.93      .04 
  Service occupations...........................   11.10     8.12     2.98      .62      .22      .75      .20     1.18     (2)  
                                                                                                                                 
  Goods-producing industries(3).................   22.12    15.07     7.05     1.48      .84     1.67      .87     2.12      .07 
     Construction...............................   21.78    15.31     6.47      .71      .59     1.39     1.07     2.72     (2)  
     Manufacturing..............................   22.10    14.94     7.16     1.69      .89     1.74      .80     1.94      .08 
  Service-producing industries(4)...............   19.61    14.32     5.28     1.34      .53     1.18      .57     1.64      .02 
     Wholesale trade............................   20.77    15.09     5.68     1.31      .58     1.37      .61     1.79      .02 
     Retail trade...............................   12.87     9.95     2.92      .60      .27      .62      .18     1.25     (2)  
     Finance, insurance, and real estate........   24.15    17.21     6.95     1.83      .86     1.61      .93     1.67      .05 
     Service industries.........................   19.80    14.59     5.21     1.42      .52     1.10      .53     1.63      .02 
                                                                                                                                 
All part-time workers in private industry.......    9.60     7.75     1.85      .27      .14      .25      .13     1.04     (2)  
  White-collar occupations......................   11.89     9.64     2.25      .42      .19      .32      .17     1.15     (2)  
     Sales occupations..........................    7.68     6.25     1.42      .18      .12      .22      .10      .80     (2)  
     Administrative support, including clerical.   10.98     8.82     2.16      .43      .16      .34      .17     1.05     (2)  
  Blue-collar occupations.......................    9.66     7.32     2.35      .22      .23      .42      .31     1.17     (2)  
  Service occupations...........................    6.94     5.73     1.21      .13      .06      .11      .03      .88     (2)  
                                                                                                                                 
  Goods-producing industries(3).................   12.07     9.28     2.79      .29      .30      .28      .13     1.79     (2)  
  Service-producing industries(4)...............    9.53     7.71     1.82      .27      .14      .25      .13     1.02     (2)  
     Retail trade...............................    6.99     5.68     1.31      .13      .08      .19      .07      .82     (2)  
     Service industries.........................   12.13     9.88     2.26      .41      .19      .28      .15     1.22     (2)  
                                                 
                                                                          Percent of total compensation
                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
All full-time workers in private industry.......   100.0     71.4     28.6      6.8      3.0      6.5      3.3      8.8      0.2 
  White-collar occupations......................   100.0     72.9     27.1      7.5      2.7      5.9      3.2      7.6       .2 
     Sales occupations..........................   100.0     77.2     22.8      5.0      2.4      4.9      2.3      7.9       .1 
     Administrative support, including clerical.   100.0     71.1     28.9      7.4      2.3      8.2      3.1      7.8       .1 
  Blue-collar occupations.......................   100.0     68.2     31.8      5.6      3.9      7.7      3.6     10.7       .2 
  Service occupations...........................   100.0     73.2     26.8      5.6      2.0      6.8      1.8     10.6     (2)  
                                                                                                                                 
  Goods-producing industries(3).................   100.0     68.1     31.9      6.7      3.8      7.6      3.9      9.6       .3 
     Construction...............................   100.0     70.3     29.7      3.2      2.7      6.4      4.9     12.5     (2)  
     Manufacturing..............................   100.0     67.6     32.4      7.6      4.0      7.9      3.6      8.8       .4 
  Service-producing industries(4)...............   100.0     73.1     26.9      6.8      2.7      6.0      2.9      8.4       .1 
     Wholesale trade............................   100.0     72.6     27.4      6.3      2.8      6.6      2.9      8.6       .1 
     Retail trade...............................   100.0     77.3     22.7      4.6      2.1      4.8      1.4      9.7     (2)  
     Finance, insurance, and real estate........   100.0     71.2     28.8      7.6      3.6      6.7      3.9      6.9       .2 
     Service industries.........................   100.0     73.7     26.3      7.2      2.6      5.5      2.7      8.2       .1 
                                                                                                                                 
All part-time workers in private industry.......   100.0     80.8     19.2      2.8      1.5      2.6      1.4     10.9     (2)  
  White-collar occupations......................   100.0     81.1     18.9      3.5      1.6      2.7      1.4      9.7     (2)  
     Sales occupations..........................   100.0     81.4     18.6      2.3      1.5      2.9      1.3     10.5     (2)  
     Administrative support, including clerical.   100.0     80.3     19.7      3.9      1.4      3.1      1.6      9.6     (2)  
  Blue-collar occupations.......................   100.0     75.7     24.3      2.2      2.4      4.4      3.2     12.1     (2)  
  Service occupations...........................   100.0     82.6     17.4      1.8       .9      1.6       .5     12.6     (2)  
                                                                                                                                 
  Goods-producing industries(3).................   100.0     76.8     23.2      2.4      2.5      2.4      1.0     14.8     (2)  
  Service-producing industries(4)...............   100.0     80.9     19.1      2.9      1.4      2.7      1.4     10.7     (2)  
     Retail trade...............................   100.0     81.3     18.7      1.9      1.2      2.7      1.1     11.8     (2)  
     Service industries.........................   100.0     81.4     18.6      3.4      1.5      2.3      1.2     10.1     (2)  

  1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
  2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
  4 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and service industries.

NOTE: Estimates for transportation and public utilities, which have been published in previous years, are not available for 1997
due to industrial coding changes.  See Explanatory Notes for further information.

Table 10. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY OCCUPATIONAL AND INDUSTRY CATEGORIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and
costs as a percent of total compensation, March 1997
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                            Benefit costs                        
                                                   Total    Wages                                                                
                     Series                       compen-    and                                                                 
                                                  sation  salaries                    Supple-           Retire-  Legally   Other 
                                                                     Total    Paid    mental   Insur-  ment and required   bene- 
                                                                              leave     pay     ance    savings benefits  fits(1)
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
                                                 
                                                                               Cost per hour worked
                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
All workers in private industry.................  $17.97   $13.04    $4.94    $1.14    $0.51    $1.09    $0.55    $1.62    $0.03 
                                                                                                                                 
 Occupational group                                                                                                              
  White-collar occupations......................   21.60    15.94     5.66     1.53      .56     1.20      .65     1.69      .03 
    Professional specialty and technical........   29.10    21.33     7.77     2.15      .87     1.47      .95     2.27      .05 
      Professional..............................   31.01    22.84     8.17     2.31      .99     1.50      .96     2.36      .04 
      Technical.................................   24.15    17.43     6.72     1.76      .55     1.40      .93     2.02      .05 
    Executive, administrative, managerial.......   32.98    24.17     8.81     2.77      .89     1.62     1.09     2.38      .06 
    Sales occupations...........................   14.79    11.55     3.24      .66      .33      .67      .32     1.25     (2)  
    Administrative support, including clerical..   15.14    10.94     4.21     1.05      .33     1.15      .44     1.21      .02 
  Blue-collar occupations.......................   17.19    11.80     5.39      .93      .65     1.29      .62     1.86      .04 
    Precision production, craft, and repair.....   22.33    15.41     6.92     1.27      .75     1.57      .88     2.39      .05 
    Machine operators, assemblers,                                                                                               
     and inspectors.............................   16.00    10.61     5.39     1.00      .82     1.41      .51     1.60      .06 
    Transportation and material moving..........   16.88    11.71     5.17      .83      .56     1.25      .60     1.92     (2)  
    Handlers, equipment cleaners,                                                                                                
      helpers, and laborers.....................   12.42     8.72     3.70      .53      .42      .86      .43     1.44     (2)  
  Service occupations...........................    9.04     6.94     2.10      .37      .14      .44      .12     1.03     (2)  
                                                                                                                                 
 Industry group                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                 
  Goods-producing industries(3).................   21.86    14.92     6.94     1.45      .82     1.64      .85     2.11      .07 
    Construction................................   21.47    15.13     6.34      .69      .58     1.35     1.04     2.69     (2)  
    Manufacturing industries ...................   21.84    14.79     7.05     1.66      .88     1.70      .79     1.94      .08 
  Service-producing industries(4)...............   16.73    12.44     4.29     1.04      .42      .92      .45     1.46     (2)  
    Wholesale trade.............................   19.98    14.58     5.40     1.23      .55     1.29      .57     1.73      .02 
    Retail trade................................    9.92     7.81     2.11      .37      .18      .40      .13     1.03     (2)  
    Finance, insurance, and real estate.........   23.01    16.50     6.51     1.69      .80     1.49      .86     1.62      .04 
    Services....................................   17.84    13.39     4.46     1.16      .43      .89      .44     1.52     (2)  
                                                 
                                                                          Percent of total compensation
                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
All workers in private industry.................   100.0     72.5     27.5      6.3      2.9      6.1      3.0      9.0      0.1 
                                                                                                                                 
 Occupational group                                                                                                              
  White-collar occupations......................   100.0     73.8     26.2      7.1      2.6      5.6      3.0      7.8       .1 
    Professional specialty and technical........   100.0     73.3     26.7      7.4      3.0      5.1      3.3      7.8       .2 
      Professional..............................   100.0     73.6     26.4      7.4      3.2      4.8      3.1      7.6       .1 
      Technical.................................   100.0     72.2     27.8      7.3      2.3      5.8      3.9      8.4       .2 
    Executive, administrative, managerial.......   100.0     73.3     26.7      8.4      2.7      4.9      3.3      7.2       .2 
    Sales occupations...........................   100.0     78.1     21.9      4.5      2.3      4.5      2.1      8.5     (2)  
    Administrative support, including clerical..   100.0     72.2     27.8      7.0      2.2      7.6      2.9      8.0       .1 
  Blue-collar occupations.......................   100.0     68.6     31.4      5.4      3.8      7.5      3.6     10.8       .2 
    Precision production, craft, and repair.....   100.0     69.0     31.0      5.7      3.4      7.1      3.9     10.7       .2 
    Machine operators, assemblers,                                                                                               
     and inspectors.............................   100.0     66.3     33.7      6.2      5.1      8.8      3.2     10.0       .4 
    Transportation and material moving..........   100.0     69.4     30.6      4.9      3.3      7.4      3.6     11.4     (2)  
    Handlers, equipment cleaners,                                                                                                
      helpers, and laborers.....................   100.0     70.2     29.8      4.3      3.4      6.9      3.5     11.6     (2)  
  Service occupations...........................   100.0     76.7     23.3      4.1      1.6      4.8      1.3     11.4     (2)  
                                                                                                                                 
 Industry group                                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                 
  Goods-producing industries(3).................   100.0     68.2     31.8      6.6      3.8      7.5      3.9      9.7       .3 
    Construction................................   100.0     70.5     29.5      3.2      2.7      6.3      4.8     12.5     (2)  
    Manufacturing industries ...................   100.0     67.7     32.3      7.6      4.0      7.8      3.6      8.9       .4 
  Service-producing industries(4)...............   100.0     74.3     25.7      6.2      2.5      5.5      2.7      8.7     (2)  
    Wholesale trade.............................   100.0     73.0     27.0      6.2      2.7      6.5      2.9      8.7       .1 
    Retail trade................................   100.0     78.7     21.3      3.7      1.8      4.1      1.3     10.4     (2)  
    Finance, insurance, and real estate.........   100.0     71.7     28.3      7.4      3.5      6.5      3.7      7.1       .2 
    Services....................................   100.0     75.0     25.0      6.5      2.4      5.0      2.4      8.5     (2)  

  1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
  2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
  4 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and service industries.

NOTE: Estimates for transportation and public utilities, which have been published in previous years, are not available for 1997
due to industrial coding changes.  See Explanatory Notes for further information.

Table 11. PRIVATE GOODS-PRODUCING AND SERVICE-PRODUCING INDUSTRIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and
costs as a percent of total compensation, March 1997
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                            Benefit costs                        
                                                   Total    Wages                                                                
                     Series                       compen-    and                                                                 
                                                  sation  salaries                    Supple-           Retire-  Legally   Other 
                                                                     Total    Paid    mental   Insur-  ment and required   bene- 
                                                                              leave     pay     ance    savings benefits  fits(1)
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
                                                 
                                                                               Cost per hour worked
                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
All workers, goods-producing industries(2)......  $21.86   $14.92    $6.94    $1.45    $0.82    $1.64    $0.85    $2.11    $0.07 
  White-collar occupations......................   29.26    20.78     8.47     2.46      .77     1.83     1.06     2.25      .09 
    Professional specialty and technical........   35.21    24.98    10.23     3.23      .84     2.14     1.23     2.64      .15 
    Executive, administrative, managerial.......   39.62    28.19    11.43     3.40     1.10     2.13     1.73     2.97      .11 
    Administrative support, including clerical..   16.52    11.60     4.91     1.15      .51     1.38      .47     1.39      .03 
  Blue-collar occupations.......................   19.09    12.71     6.38     1.06      .84     1.56      .78     2.07      .06 
    Precision production, craft, and repair.....   23.68    15.93     7.75     1.27      .89     1.77     1.08     2.66      .07 
    Machine operators, assemblers,                                                                                               
     and inspectors.............................   17.04    11.09     5.95     1.09      .93     1.59      .59     1.69      .07 
    Transportation and material moving..........   18.13    12.07     6.05      .92      .85     1.48      .71     2.09     (3)  
    Handlers, equipment cleaners,                                                                                                
     helpers, and laborers......................   14.21     9.73     4.47      .59      .53     1.09      .57     1.68     (3)  
  Service occupations...........................   16.03    10.59     5.44     1.05      .80     1.42      .45     1.63      .08 
                                                                                                                                 
All workers, service-producing industries(4)....   16.73    12.44     4.29     1.04      .42      .92      .45     1.46     (3)  
  White-collar occupations......................   20.44    15.21     5.23     1.39      .53     1.10      .59     1.60      .02 
    Professional specialty and technical........   27.77    20.54     7.24     1.92      .88     1.33      .89     2.19      .02 
    Executive, administrative, managerial.......   31.30    23.15     8.15     2.61      .84     1.49      .93     2.23      .05 
    Sales workers...............................   14.51    11.36     3.16      .64      .33      .65      .31     1.23     (3)  
    Administrative support, including clerical..   14.93    10.83     4.10     1.04      .30     1.12      .44     1.19      .02 
  Blue-collar occupations.......................   14.85    10.67     4.18      .78      .42      .95      .43     1.59     (3)  
    Precision production, craft, and repair.....   20.01    14.52     5.49     1.26      .51     1.23      .53     1.94     (3)  
    Transportation and material moving..........   16.38    11.56     4.82      .80      .44     1.16      .56     1.86     (3)  
    Handlers, equipment cleaners,                                                                                                
     helpers, and laborers......................   11.50     8.20     3.30      .50      .37      .74      .36     1.32     (3)  
  Service occupations...........................    8.87     6.85     2.02      .36      .13      .41      .11     1.01     (3)  
                                                 
                                                                          Percent of total compensation
                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
All workers, goods-producing industries(2)......   100.0     68.2     31.8      6.6      3.8      7.5      3.9      9.7      0.3 
  White-collar occupations......................   100.0     71.0     29.0      8.4      2.6      6.3      3.6      7.7       .3 
    Professional specialty and technical........   100.0     71.0     29.0      9.2      2.4      6.1      3.5      7.5       .4 
    Executive, administrative, managerial.......   100.0     71.2     28.8      8.6      2.8      5.4      4.4      7.5       .3 
    Administrative support, including clerical..   100.0     70.3     29.7      6.9      3.1      8.3      2.8      8.4       .2 
  Blue-collar occupations.......................   100.0     66.6     33.4      5.6      4.4      8.2      4.1     10.9       .3 
    Precision production, craft, and repair.....   100.0     67.3     32.7      5.4      3.8      7.5      4.6     11.2       .3 
    Machine operators, assemblers,                                                                                               
     and inspectors.............................   100.0     65.1     34.9      6.4      5.4      9.3      3.5      9.9       .4 
    Transportation and material moving..........   100.0     66.6     33.4      5.1      4.7      8.1      3.9     11.5     (3)  
    Handlers, equipment cleaners,                                                                                                
     helpers, and laborers......................   100.0     68.5     31.5      4.1      3.7      7.7      4.0     11.8     (3)  
  Service occupations...........................   100.0     66.1     33.9      6.5      5.0      8.9      2.8     10.2       .5 
                                                                                                                                 
All workers, service-producing industries(4)....   100.0     74.3     25.7      6.2      2.5      5.5      2.7      8.7     (3)  
  White-collar occupations......................   100.0     74.4     25.6      6.8      2.6      5.4      2.9      7.8       .1 
    Professional specialty and technical........   100.0     73.9     26.1      6.9      3.2      4.8      3.2      7.9       .1 
    Executive, administrative, managerial.......   100.0     74.0     26.0      8.3      2.7      4.8      3.0      7.1       .2 
    Sales workers...............................   100.0     78.3     21.7      4.4      2.3      4.5      2.1      8.5     (3)  
    Administrative support, including clerical..   100.0     72.6     27.4      7.0      2.0      7.5      2.9      8.0       .1 
  Blue-collar occupations.......................   100.0     71.8     28.2      5.2      2.8      6.4      2.9     10.7     (3)  
    Precision production, craft, and repair.....   100.0     72.6     27.4      6.3      2.6      6.2      2.7      9.7     (3)  
    Transportation and material moving..........   100.0     70.6     29.4      4.9      2.7      7.1      3.4     11.3     (3)  
    Handlers, equipment cleaners,                                                                                                
     helpers, and laborers......................   100.0     71.3     28.7      4.3      3.2      6.5      3.2     11.5     (3)  
  Service occupations...........................   100.0     77.2     22.8      4.0      1.4      4.7      1.2     11.4     (3)  

  1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
  2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
  3 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  4 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and service industries.

Table 12. PRIVATE MANUFACTURING AND NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and
costs as a percent of total compensation, March 1997
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                            Benefit costs                        
                                                   Total    Wages                                                                
                     Series                       compen-    and                                                                 
                                                  sation  salaries                    Supple-           Retire-  Legally   Other 
                                                                     Total    Paid    mental   Insur-  ment and required   bene- 
                                                                              leave     pay     ance    savings benefits  fits(1)
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
                                                 
                                                                               Cost per hour worked
                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
All workers, manufacturing industries ..........  $21.84   $14.79    $7.05    $1.66    $0.88    $1.70    $0.79    $1.94    $0.08 
  White-collar occupations......................   29.79    21.10     8.68     2.60      .78     1.88     1.09     2.24      .10 
    Professional specialty and technical........   35.25    25.00    10.25     3.27      .83     2.17     1.21     2.63      .15 
    Executive, administrative, managerial.......   40.76    28.95    11.80     3.68     1.12     2.17     1.86     2.85      .13 
    Administrative support, including clerical..   16.85    11.75     5.09     1.24      .51     1.41      .50     1.41      .03 
  Blue-collar occupations.......................   18.28    11.96     6.32     1.23      .92     1.63      .65     1.81      .07 
    Precision production, craft, and repair.....   23.75    15.46     8.29     1.83     1.15     2.00      .92     2.27      .13 
    Machine operators, assemblers,                                                                                               
     and inspectors.............................   16.94    11.02     5.92     1.10      .91     1.58      .58     1.68      .07 
    Transportation and material moving..........   17.45    11.78     5.67     1.01      .77     1.41      .54     1.92     (2)  
    Handlers, equipment cleaners,                                                                                                
     helpers, and laborers......................   13.96     9.36     4.60      .77      .62     1.25      .50     1.44      .02 
  Service occupations...........................   16.95    11.05     5.90     1.16      .89     1.56      .50     1.72      .09 
                                                                                                                                 
All workers, nonmanufacturing industries .......   17.10    12.64     4.46     1.02      .43      .95      .49     1.55     (2)  
  White-collar occupations......................   20.56    15.29     5.27     1.39      .53     1.11      .60     1.62      .02 
    Professional specialty and technical........   27.86    20.59     7.27     1.93      .88     1.33      .90     2.20      .03 
    Executive, administrative, managerial.......   31.53    23.27     8.25     2.60      .85     1.52      .95     2.29      .05 
    Sales workers...............................   14.58    11.41     3.17      .64      .33      .65      .31     1.23     (2)  
    Administrative support, including clerical..   14.93    10.83     4.09     1.03      .30     1.12      .44     1.19      .02 
  Blue-collar occupations.......................   16.47    11.69     4.78      .74      .47     1.07      .60     1.89     (2)  
    Precision production, craft, and repair.....   21.69    15.39     6.30     1.01      .57     1.38      .87     2.45     (2)  
    Transportation and material moving..........   16.73    11.69     5.04      .79      .50     1.21      .61     1.92     (2)  
    Handlers, equipment cleaners,                                                                                                
     helpers, and laborers......................   12.02     8.55     3.47      .47      .37      .76      .42     1.45     (2)  
  Service occupations...........................    8.87     6.85     2.02      .36      .13      .41      .11     1.01     (2)  
                                                 
                                                                          Percent of total compensation
                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
All workers, manufacturing industries ..........   100.0     67.7     32.3      7.6      4.0      7.8      3.6      8.9      0.4 
  White-collar occupations......................   100.0     70.8     29.2      8.7      2.6      6.3      3.7      7.5       .3 
    Professional specialty and technical........   100.0     70.9     29.1      9.3      2.4      6.1      3.4      7.5       .4 
    Executive, administrative, managerial.......   100.0     71.0     29.0      9.0      2.7      5.3      4.6      7.0       .3 
    Administrative support, including clerical..   100.0     69.8     30.2      7.3      3.0      8.4      2.9      8.4       .2 
  Blue-collar occupations.......................   100.0     65.4     34.6      6.7      5.0      8.9      3.6      9.9       .4 
    Precision production, craft, and repair.....   100.0     65.1     34.9      7.7      4.8      8.4      3.9      9.5       .5 
    Machine operators, assemblers,                                                                                               
     and inspectors.............................   100.0     65.1     34.9      6.5      5.4      9.3      3.4      9.9       .4 
    Transportation and material moving..........   100.0     67.5     32.5      5.8      4.4      8.1      3.1     11.0     (2)  
    Handlers, equipment cleaners,                                                                                                
     helpers, and laborers......................   100.0     67.1     32.9      5.5      4.4      9.0      3.6     10.3       .2 
  Service occupations...........................   100.0     65.2     34.8      6.8      5.2      9.2      2.9     10.1       .5 
                                                                                                                                 
All workers, nonmanufacturing industries .......   100.0     73.9     26.1      6.0      2.5      5.6      2.9      9.1     (2)  
  White-collar occupations......................   100.0     74.3     25.7      6.8      2.6      5.4      2.9      7.9       .1 
    Professional specialty and technical........   100.0     73.9     26.1      6.9      3.2      4.8      3.2      7.9       .1 
    Executive, administrative, managerial.......   100.0     73.8     26.2      8.2      2.7      4.8      3.0      7.3       .2 
    Sales workers...............................   100.0     78.2     21.8      4.4      2.2      4.5      2.1      8.5     (2)  
    Administrative support, including clerical..   100.0     72.6     27.4      6.9      2.0      7.5      2.9      8.0       .1 
  Blue-collar occupations.......................   100.0     71.0     29.0      4.5      2.9      6.5      3.7     11.5     (2)  
    Precision production, craft, and repair.....   100.0     71.0     29.0      4.7      2.6      6.4      4.0     11.3     (2)  
    Transportation and material moving..........   100.0     69.9     30.1      4.7      3.0      7.2      3.7     11.5     (2)  
    Handlers, equipment cleaners,                                                                                                
     helpers, and laborers......................   100.0     71.1     28.9      3.9      3.1      6.3      3.5     12.0     (2)  
  Service occupations...........................   100.0     77.2     22.8      4.0      1.4      4.7      1.2     11.4     (2)  

  1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
  2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

Table 13. PRIVATE INDUSTRY UNION AND NONUNION WORKERS: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a
percent of total compensation, March 1997
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                            Benefit costs                        
                                                   Total    Wages                                                                
                     Series                       compen-    and                                                                 
                                                  sation  salaries                    Supple-           Retire-  Legally   Other 
                                                                     Total    Paid    mental   Insur-  ment and required   bene- 
                                                                              leave     pay     ance    savings benefits  fits(1)
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
                                                 
                                                                               Cost per hour worked
                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
All union workers, private industry.............  $23.48   $15.13    $8.34    $1.56    $0.91    $2.19    $1.33    $2.27    $0.08 
     Blue-collar occupations....................   24.07    15.16     8.91     1.51     1.06     2.35     1.48     2.42      .10 
                                                                                                                                 
  Goods-producing industries....................   24.65    15.44     9.21     1.50     1.15     2.46     1.48     2.49      .13 
  Service-producing industries..................   22.28    14.83     7.45     1.61      .67     1.92     1.17     2.06      .03 
                                                                                                                                 
  Manufacturing.................................   21.87    13.54     8.33     1.64     1.26     2.20     1.00     2.08      .16 
    Blue-collar occupations.....................   21.63    13.31     8.33     1.59     1.29     2.20     1.01     2.07      .16 
  Nonmanufacturing..............................   24.48    16.13     8.35     1.51      .69     2.19     1.53     2.40      .03 
                                                                                                                                 
All nonunion workers, private industry..........   17.21    12.75     4.46     1.08      .46      .94      .44     1.53      .02 
     Blue-collar occupations....................   14.75    10.60     4.14      .73      .51      .91      .32     1.66     (2)  
                                                                                                                                 
  Goods-producing industries....................   20.91    14.74     6.17     1.43      .71     1.36      .64     1.99      .04 
  Service-producing industries..................   16.25    12.23     4.02      .99      .39      .83      .39     1.41     (2)  
                                                                                                                                 
  Manufacturing.................................   21.82    15.22     6.61     1.66      .75     1.54      .71     1.89      .05 
    Blue-collar occupations.....................   16.55    11.27     5.28     1.05      .74     1.33      .46     1.67      .03 
  Nonmanufacturing..............................   16.35    12.29     4.07      .97      .41      .83      .39     1.46     (2)  
                                                 
                                                                          Percent of total compensation
                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
All union workers, private industry.............   100.0     64.5     35.5      6.6      3.9      9.3      5.7      9.7      0.3 
     Blue-collar occupations....................   100.0     63.0     37.0      6.3      4.4      9.8      6.2     10.0       .4 
                                                                                                                                 
  Goods-producing industries....................   100.0     62.6     37.4      6.1      4.7     10.0      6.0     10.1       .5 
  Service-producing industries..................   100.0     66.5     33.5      7.2      3.0      8.6      5.3      9.2       .1 
                                                                                                                                 
  Manufacturing.................................   100.0     61.9     38.1      7.5      5.8     10.0      4.6      9.5       .7 
    Blue-collar occupations.....................   100.0     61.5     38.5      7.4      5.9     10.2      4.7      9.6       .8 
  Nonmanufacturing..............................   100.0     65.9     34.1      6.2      2.8      8.9      6.3      9.8       .1 
                                                                                                                                 
All nonunion workers, private industry..........   100.0     74.1     25.9      6.3      2.7      5.4      2.5      8.9       .1 
     Blue-collar occupations....................   100.0     71.9     28.1      5.0      3.5      6.2      2.1     11.3     (2)  
                                                                                                                                 
  Goods-producing industries....................   100.0     70.5     29.5      6.9      3.4      6.5      3.0      9.5       .2 
  Service-producing industries..................   100.0     75.3     24.7      6.1      2.4      5.1      2.4      8.7     (2)  
                                                                                                                                 
  Manufacturing.................................   100.0     69.7     30.3      7.6      3.4      7.0      3.3      8.7       .2 
    Blue-collar occupations.....................   100.0     68.1     31.9      6.3      4.4      8.1      2.8     10.1       .2 
  Nonmanufacturing..............................   100.0     75.1     24.9      5.9      2.5      5.1      2.4      8.9     (2)  

  1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
  2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

Table 14.  PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY ESTABLISHMENT EMPLOYMENT SIZE: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and
costs as a percent of total compensation, March 1997
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                   Benefit costs                            
                                                                                                                            
 Industry and occupational group,    Total   Wages and                                                                      
       and employment size          compen-   salaries                      Supple-             Retire-   Legally    Other  
                                     sation              Total      Paid     mental  Insurance  ment and  required   bene-  
                                                                   leave      pay               savings   benefits  fits(1) 
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                   
                                                                     Cost per hour worked
                                   
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
All workers in private industry...   $17.97    $13.04     $4.94     $1.14     $0.51     $1.09     $0.55     $1.62     $0.03 
 1-99 workers.....................    15.37     11.54      3.82      0.78      0.39      0.79      0.35      1.50     (2)   
 100 workers or more..............    20.61     14.55      6.06      1.50      0.64      1.39      0.74      1.75      0.05 
   100-499 workers................    16.97     12.29      4.68      1.06      0.46      1.08      0.51      1.56      0.02 
   500 workers or more............    24.75     17.12      7.63      2.00      0.83      1.74      1.01      1.97      0.08 
                                                                                                                            
  Goods-producing industries (3)..    21.86     14.92      6.94      1.45      0.82      1.64      0.85      2.11      0.07 
   1-99 workers...................    18.48     13.16      5.32      0.81      0.50      1.16      0.64      2.18     (2)   
   100 workers or more............    23.91     15.98      7.93      1.84      1.02      1.92      0.98      2.07      0.10 
                                                                                                                            
    100-499 workers...............    19.91     13.56      6.36      1.28      0.79      1.59      0.76      1.92      0.02 
                                                                                                                            
    500 workers or more...........    27.81     18.34      9.47      2.38      1.25      2.25      1.19      2.23      0.18 
                                                                                                                            
  Service-producing industries (4)    16.73     12.44      4.29      1.04      0.42      0.92      0.45      1.46     (2)   
   1-99 workers...................    14.68     11.18      3.49      0.78      0.37      0.71      0.29      1.34     (2)   
   100 workers or more............    19.18     13.93      5.25      1.35      0.47      1.16      0.64      1.61      0.02 
                                                                                                                            
    100-499 workers...............    15.83     11.80      4.03      0.97      0.34      0.88      0.41      1.42      0.02 
                                                                                                                            
    500 workers or more...........    23.25     16.52      6.73      1.81      0.63      1.50      0.91      1.84      0.03 
                                                                                                                            
  White-collar occupations........    21.60     15.94      5.66      1.53      0.56      1.20      0.65      1.69      0.03 
   1-99 workers...................    18.29     13.88      4.41      1.10      0.49      0.92      0.42      1.48     (2)   
   100 workers or more............    24.89     18.00      6.89      1.96      0.63      1.48      0.88      1.89      0.05 
                                                                                                                            
    100-499 workers...............    20.62     15.26      5.36      1.41      0.48      1.17      0.63      1.65      0.03 
                                                                                                                            
    500 workers or more...........    28.70     20.44      8.26      2.44      0.77      1.76      1.11      2.11      0.07 
                                                                                                                            
  Blue-collar occupations.........    17.19     11.80      5.39      0.93      0.65      1.29      0.62      1.86      0.04 
   1-99 workers...................    15.81     11.36      4.45      0.65      0.45      0.99      0.45      1.91     (2)   
   100 workers or more............    18.47     12.19      6.27      1.20      0.84      1.57      0.78      1.81      0.06 
                                                                                                                            
    100-499 workers...............    16.27     11.14      5.12      0.94      0.61      1.29      0.58      1.70     (2)   
                                                                                                                            
    500 workers or more...........    21.46     13.63      7.84      1.56      1.16      1.96      1.06      1.96      0.13 
                                   
                                                                 Percent of total compensation
                                   
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
All workers in private industry...    100.0      72.5      27.5       6.3       2.9       6.1       3.0       9.0       0.1 
 1-99 workers.....................    100.0      75.1      24.9       5.1       2.6       5.2       2.3       9.7     (2)   
 100 workers or more..............    100.0      70.6      29.4       7.3       3.1       6.7       3.6       8.5       0.2 
   100-499 workers................    100.0      72.4      27.6       6.2       2.7       6.4       3.0       9.2       0.1 
   500 workers or more............    100.0      69.2      30.8       8.1       3.4       7.0       4.1       7.9       0.3 
                                                                                                                            
  Goods-producing industries (3)..    100.0      68.2      31.8       6.6       3.8       7.5       3.9       9.7       0.3 
   1-99 workers...................    100.0      71.2      28.8       4.4       2.7       6.3       3.5      11.8     (2)   
   100 workers or more............    100.0      66.8      33.2       7.7       4.3       8.0       4.1       8.7       0.4 
                                                                                                                            
    100-499 workers...............    100.0      68.1      31.9       6.5       3.9       8.0       3.8       9.6       0.1 
                                                                                                                            
    500 workers or more...........    100.0      66.0      34.0       8.6       4.5       8.1       4.3       8.0       0.6 
                                                                                                                            
  Service-producing industries (4)    100.0      74.3      25.7       6.2       2.5       5.5       2.7       8.7     (2)   
   1-99 workers...................    100.0      76.2      23.8       5.3       2.5       4.8       2.0       9.2     (2)   
   100 workers or more............    100.0      72.6      27.4       7.0       2.5       6.0       3.3       8.4       0.1 
                                                                                                                            
    100-499 workers...............    100.0      74.5      25.5       6.1       2.1       5.6       2.6       8.9       0.1 
                                                                                                                            
    500 workers or more...........    100.0      71.1      28.9       7.8       2.7       6.4       3.9       7.9       0.1 
                                                                                                                            
  White-collar occupations........    100.0      73.8      26.2       7.1       2.6       5.6       3.0       7.8       0.1 
   1-99 workers...................    100.0      75.9      24.1       6.0       2.7       5.0       2.3       8.1     (2)   
   100 workers or more............    100.0      72.3      27.7       7.9       2.5       5.9       3.5       7.6       0.2 
                                                                                                                            
    100-499 workers...............    100.0      74.0      26.0       6.8       2.3       5.7       3.0       8.0       0.1 
                                                                                                                            
    500 workers or more...........    100.0      71.2      28.8       8.5       2.7       6.1       3.9       7.3       0.2 
                                                                                                                            
  Blue-collar occupations.........    100.0      68.6      31.4       5.4       3.8       7.5       3.6      10.8       0.2 
   1-99 workers...................    100.0      71.9      28.1       4.1       2.8       6.2       2.8      12.1     (2)   
   100 workers or more............    100.0      66.0      34.0       6.5       4.6       8.5       4.2       9.8       0.3 
                                                                                                                            
    100-499 workers...............    100.0      68.5      31.5       5.8       3.7       7.9       3.6      10.4     (2)   
                                                                                                                            
    500 workers or more...........    100.0      63.5      36.5       7.3       5.4       9.1       4.9       9.1       0.6 

  1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
  2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.
  3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
  4 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and service industries.

Table 15.  PRIVATE INDUSTRY HEALTH SERVICES BY OCCUPATIONAL CATEGORIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee
compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation, March 1997
                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                           
                                                                                      Benefit costs                        
                                             Total    Wages                                                                
                  Series                    compen-    and                                                                 
                                            sation  salaries                    Supple-           Retire-  Legally   Other 
                                                               Total    Paid    mental   Insur-  ment and required   bene- 
                                                                        leave     pay     ance    savings benefits  fits(1)
                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                           
                                           
                                                                         Cost per hour worked
                                           
                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                           
Health services...........................  $18.32   $13.55    $4.77    $1.35    $0.41    $1.00    $0.52    $1.49     (2)  
  Professional specialty                                                                                                   
   and technical occupations..............   25.67    19.07     6.60     1.92      .68     1.26      .72     2.02     (2)  
    Professional occupations..............   29.26    21.65     7.61     2.34      .83     1.36      .85     2.23     (2)  
      Nurses..............................   28.07    20.36     7.71     2.27     1.05     1.38      .73     2.27     (2)  
    Technical occupations.................   19.84    14.87     4.96     1.25      .45     1.10      .50     1.67     (2)  
  Administrative support,                                                                                                  
   including clerical occupations.........   14.79    10.54     4.25     1.18      .25     1.07      .60     1.13     (2)  
  Service occupations.....................   10.81     8.13     2.68      .62      .21      .63      .19     1.02     (2)  
                                                                                                                           
  Hospitals...............................   21.60    15.33     6.27     1.82      .71     1.51      .55     1.67     (2)  
    Professional specialty                                                                                                 
     and technical occupations............   26.77    19.16     7.61     2.23     1.04     1.60      .65     2.08     (2)  
      Professional occupations............   29.36    21.15     8.21     2.42     1.20     1.59      .71     2.28     (2)  
        Nurses............................   29.51    21.04     8.47     2.45     1.42     1.57      .70     2.32     (2)  
      Technical occupations...............   20.24    14.14     6.10     1.75      .64     1.63      .51     1.56     (2)  
    Administrative support,                                                                                                
     including clerical occupations.......   15.36    10.65     4.70     1.32      .30     1.48      .44     1.15     (2)  
    Service occupations...................   12.96     8.82     4.14     1.00      .42     1.37      .31     1.04     (2)  
                                                                                                                           
  Nursing Homes...........................   12.26     9.21     3.06      .77      .24      .62      .13     1.29     (2)  
    Professional specialty                                                                                                 
      and technical occupations...........   18.14    13.78     4.36     1.12      .42      .67      .21     1.94     (2)  
      Professional occupations............   20.36    15.63     4.73     1.25      .38      .72      .25     2.13     (2)  
      Technical occupations...............   16.16    12.13     4.03     1.00      .45      .62      .17     1.78     (2)  
    Service occupations...................    9.82     7.29     2.53      .59      .20      .57      .11     1.07     (2)  
                                           
                                                                    Percent of total compensation
                                           
                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                           
Health services...........................   100.0     73.9     26.1      7.4      2.2      5.5      2.8      8.1     (2)  
  Professional specialty                                                                                                   
   and technical occupations..............   100.0     74.3     25.7      7.5      2.7      4.9      2.8      7.9     (2)  
    Professional occupations..............   100.0     74.0     26.0      8.0      2.8      4.7      2.9      7.6     (2)  
      Nurses..............................   100.0     72.5     27.5      8.1      3.7      4.9      2.6      8.1     (2)  
    Technical occupations.................   100.0     75.0     25.0      6.3      2.2      5.5      2.5      8.4     (2)  
  Administrative support,                                                                                                  
   including clerical occupations.........   100.0     71.3     28.7      8.0      1.7      7.2      4.1      7.7     (2)  
  Service occupations.....................   100.0     75.2     24.8      5.8      2.0      5.9      1.7      9.4     (2)  
                                                                                                                           
  Hospitals...............................   100.0     71.0     29.0      8.4      3.3      7.0      2.5      7.7     (2)  
    Professional specialty                                                                                                 
     and technical occupations............   100.0     71.6     28.4      8.3      3.9      6.0      2.4      7.8     (2)  
      Professional occupations............   100.0     72.0     28.0      8.2      4.1      5.4      2.4      7.8     (2)  
        Nurses............................   100.0     71.3     28.7      8.3      4.8      5.3      2.4      7.8     (2)  
      Technical occupations...............   100.0     69.9     30.1      8.6      3.2      8.0      2.5      7.7     (2)  
    Administrative support,                                                                                                
     including clerical occupations.......   100.0     69.4     30.6      8.6      2.0      9.7      2.9      7.5     (2)  
    Service occupations...................   100.0     68.1     31.9      7.7      3.3     10.6      2.4      8.0     (2)  
                                                                                                                           
  Nursing Homes...........................   100.0     75.1     24.9      6.3      2.0      5.0      1.1     10.5     (2)  
    Professional specialty                                                                                                 
      and technical occupations...........   100.0     76.0     24.0      6.2      2.3      3.7      1.1     10.7     (2)  
      Professional occupations............   100.0     76.8     23.2      6.2      1.9      3.5      1.2     10.4     (2)  
      Technical occupations...............   100.0     75.1     24.9      6.2      2.8      3.8      1.1     11.0     (2)  
    Service occupations...................   100.0     74.2     25.8      6.0      2.0      5.8      1.1     10.9     (2)  

  1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
  2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

Table 16.  SPECIAL INDUSTRIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total
compensation, March 1997
                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                        
                                                                                   Benefit costs                        
                                          Total    Wages                                                                
                Series                   compen-    and                                                                 
                                         sation  salaries                    Supple-           Retire-  Legally   Other 
                                                            Total    Paid    mental   Insur-  ment and required   bene- 
                                                                     leave     pay     ance    savings benefits  fits(1)
                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                        
                                        
                                                                      Cost per hour worked
                                        
                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                        
Transportation equipment                                                                                                
 manufacturing (SIC 37)................   $31.06   $19.00   $12.06    $2.67    $1.75    $2.92    $1.56    $2.79    $0.37
  White-collar occupations.............    36.48    24.74    11.74     3.57      .91     2.66     1.58     2.79      .23
    Professional specialty and                                                                                          
     technical.........................    41.59    28.67    12.92     4.08      .82     2.84     1.79     3.16      .24
    Executive, administrative,                                                                                          
     managerial........................    40.15    27.42    12.73     4.25     1.05     2.61     1.71     2.91      .20
  Blue-collar occupations..............    28.22    16.10    12.13     2.20     2.15     3.05     1.54     2.77      .42
  Service occupations..................    32.33    17.06    15.26     2.77     2.93     3.25     2.04     3.27     1.00
                                                                                                                        
   Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721)...    33.98    22.63    11.35     3.07     1.05     2.75     1.58     2.81      .09
     White-collar occupations..........    36.32    24.83    11.50     3.43      .72     2.66     1.71     2.90      .08
     Blue-collar occupations...........    30.14    19.04    11.10     2.48     1.64     2.91     1.37     2.66      .05
                                                                                                                        
 Public utilities (SIC's 48, 49).......    26.73    18.62     8.10     2.31      .73     2.07      .92     1.99      .07
  White-collar occupations.............    26.54    18.74     7.80     2.27      .60     2.00      .89     1.96      .08
  Blue-collar occupations..............    27.58    18.67     8.91     2.47     1.02     2.27     1.00     2.10      .05
                                                                                                                        
    Communications (SIC 48)............    24.22    17.20     7.02     1.93      .64     1.87      .69     1.83      .06
     White-collar occupations..........    23.81    17.07     6.74     1.89      .56     1.77      .64     1.81      .07
     Blue-collar occupations...........    26.10    17.97     8.13     2.17      .91     2.25      .85     1.91      .04
                                                                                                                        
    Electric, gas, and sanitary                                                                                         
     services (SIC 49).................    30.64    20.84     9.80     2.91      .88     2.39     1.28     2.25      .09
     White-collar occupations..........    32.44    22.35    10.08     3.09      .70     2.49     1.42     2.27      .12
     Blue-collar occupations...........    28.82    19.26     9.56     2.72     1.10     2.29     1.13     2.25      .06
                                        
                                                                 Percent of total compensation
                                        
                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                        
Transportation equipment                                                                                                
 manufacturing (SIC 37)................   100.0     61.2     38.8      8.6      5.6      9.4      5.0      9.0      1.2 
  White-collar occupations.............   100.0     67.8     32.2      9.8      2.5      7.3      4.3      7.6       .6 
    Professional specialty and                                                                                          
     technical.........................   100.0     68.9     31.1      9.8      2.0      6.8      4.3      7.6       .6 
    Executive, administrative,                                                                                          
     managerial........................   100.0     68.3     31.7     10.6      2.6      6.5      4.2      7.2       .5 
  Blue-collar occupations..............   100.0     57.0     43.0      7.8      7.6     10.8      5.5      9.8      1.5 
  Service occupations..................   100.0     52.8     47.2      8.6      9.1     10.1      6.3     10.1      3.1 
                                                                                                                        
   Aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721)...   100.0     66.6     33.4      9.0      3.1      8.1      4.6      8.3       .3 
     White-collar occupations..........   100.0     68.4     31.6      9.4      2.0      7.3      4.7      8.0       .2 
     Blue-collar occupations...........   100.0     63.2     36.8      8.2      5.4      9.7      4.5      8.8       .2 
                                                                                                                        
 Public utilities (SIC's 48, 49).......   100.0     69.7     30.3      8.7      2.7      7.7      3.4      7.5       .3 
  White-collar occupations.............   100.0     70.6     29.4      8.5      2.3      7.5      3.3      7.4       .3 
  Blue-collar occupations..............   100.0     67.7     32.3      9.0      3.7      8.2      3.6      7.6       .2 
                                                                                                                        
    Communications (SIC 48)............   100.0     71.0     29.0      8.0      2.6      7.7      2.8      7.5       .2 
     White-collar occupations..........   100.0     71.7     28.3      7.9      2.4      7.4      2.7      7.6       .3 
     Blue-collar occupations...........   100.0     68.8     31.2      8.3      3.5      8.6      3.2      7.3       .1 
                                                                                                                        
    Electric, gas, and sanitary                                                                                         
     services (SIC 49).................   100.0     68.0     32.0      9.5      2.9      7.8      4.2      7.4       .3 
     White-collar occupations..........   100.0     68.9     31.1      9.5      2.1      7.7      4.4      7.0       .4 
     Blue-collar occupations...........   100.0     66.8     33.2      9.4      3.8      8.0      3.9      7.8       .2 

  1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
NOTE:  SIC refers to the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification System code as defined by the U.S. Office of Management
and Budget.

Table A1.  Employer Costs for Employee Compensation: Civilian workers by occupational and industry										
group, corrected data for March 1994										
										
					As originally published		Corrected		Difference			
					Total	Wages		Total	Wages		Total	Wages		
		Series			compen-	and	Total	compen-	and	Total	compen-	and	Total	
					sation	salary	benefitssation	salary	benefitssation	salary	benefits	
										
Civilian workers			$18.43	$13.06	$5.37	$18.30	$12.95	$5.35	-$0.13	-$0.11	-$0.02	
										
  Occupational group										
    White-collar occupations		21.86	15.85	6.01	21.87	15.82	6.05	0.01	-0.03	0.04	
      Professional specialty and tech	29.15	21.37	7.77	30.02	21.91	8.11	0.87	0.54	0.34	
        Professional			30.23	22.30	7.93	31.91	23.40	8.51	1.68	1.10	0.58	
          Nurses			27.46	19.80	7.66	27.17	19.65	7.52	-0.29	-0.15	-0.14	
          Teachers			30.71	23.31	7.40	34.76	26.16	8.61	4.05	2.85	1.21	
        Technical			24.13	17.07	7.06	23.42	16.71	6.71	-0.71	-0.36	-0.35	
      Executive, administrative,										
         and managerial			31.28	22.44	8.84	31.24	22.41	8.83	-0.04	-0.03	-0.01	
      Adminstrative support,										
         including clerical		14.90	10.41	4.49	14.87	10.38	4.49	-0.03	-0.03	0.00	
										
    Blue-collar occupations		17.09	11.38	5.70	17.08	11.38	5.70	-0.01	0.00	0.00	
										
    Service occupations			10.00	7.18	2.82	9.96	7.17	2.79	-0.04	-0.01	-0.03	
										
  Industry group										
    Services				19.68	14.39	5.29	19.36	14.11	5.24	-0.32	-0.28	-0.05	
      Health services			19.29	13.64	5.66	17.99	12.95	5.04	-1.30	-0.69	-0.62	
        Hospitals			20.57	14.37	6.20	20.57	14.37	6.20	0.00	0.00	0.00	
      Educational services		25.62	18.87	6.75	27.73	20.19	7.54	2.11	1.32	0.79	
        Elementary and secondary										
            education			25.52	18.80	6.72	28.10	20.40	7.70	2.58	1.60	0.98	
        Higher education		28.14	20.60	7.54	28.14	20.60	7.54	0.00	0.00	0.00	
										



Table A2.  Employer Costs for Employee Compensation: Civilian workers by occupational and industry										
group, corrected data for March 1995										
										
					As originally published		Corrected		Difference			
					Total	Wages		Total	Wages		Total	Wages		
		Series			compen-	and	Total	compen-	and	Total	compen-	and	Total	
					sation	salary	benefitssation	salary	benefitssation	salary	benefits	
										
Civilian workers			$18.38	$13.12	$5.26	$18.21	$12.98	$5.24	-$0.17	-$0.14	-$0.02	
										
  Occupational group										
    White-collar occupations		21.87	15.94	5.93	21.83	15.87	5.97	-0.04	-0.07	0.04	
      Professional specialty and tech	29.07	21.42	7.65	29.77	21.83	7.93	0.70	0.41	0.28	
        Professional			30.17	22.36	7.81	31.59	23.28	8.31	1.42	0.92	0.50	
          Nurses			28.00	20.34	7.67	27.58	20.12	7.46	-0.42	-0.22	-0.21	
          Teachers			30.26	23.06	7.20	34.07	25.72	8.35	3.81	2.66	1.15	
        Technical			23.87	16.97	6.90	23.29	16.71	6.58	-0.58	-0.26	-0.32	
      Executive, administrative,										
         and managerial			32.34	23.14	9.20	32.32	23.12	9.21	-0.02	-0.02	0.01	
      Adminstrative support,										
         including clerical		14.86	10.51	4.36	14.84	10.48	4.36	-0.02	-0.03	0.00	
										
    Blue-collar occupations		16.92	11.39	5.53	16.91	11.39	5.53	-0.01	0.00	0.00	
										
    Service occupations			9.98	7.21	2.77	9.98	7.22	2.76	0.00	0.01	-0.01	
										
  Industry group										
    Services				19.53	14.38	5.15	19.10	14.01	5.09	-0.43	-0.37	-0.06	
      Health services			19.59	13.90	5.69	18.01	13.00	5.00	-1.58	-0.90	-0.69	
        Hospitals			21.14	14.83	6.31	21.14	14.83	6.31	0.00	0.00	0.00	
      Educational services		24.99	18.51	6.48	26.64	19.50	7.14	1.65	0.99	0.66	
        Elementary and secondary										
            education			24.57	18.27	6.30	26.37	19.36	7.01	1.80	1.09	0.71	
        Higher education		28.11	20.43	7.68	28.11	20.43	7.68	0.00	0.00	0.00	
										




Table A3.  Employer Costs for Employee Compensation: Civilian workers by occupational and industry										
group and private industry, full-time workers in manufacturing, corrected data for March 1996										
										
					As originally published		Corrected		Difference			
					Total	Wages		Total	Wages		Total	Wages		
		Series			compen-	and	Total	compen-	and	Total	compen-	and	Total	
					sation	salary	benefitssation	salary	benefitssation	salary	benefits	
										
Civilian workers			$18.82	$13.48	$5.34	$18.68	$13.36	$5.32	-$0.14	-$0.12	-$0.02	
										
  Occupational group										
    White-collar occupations		22.52	16.43	6.09	22.52	16.40	6.12	0.00	-0.03	0.03	
      Professional specialty and tech	30.09	22.10	7.99	30.82	22.55	8.27	0.73	0.45	0.28	
        Professional			31.14	23.00	8.14	32.60	23.95	8.65	1.46	0.95	0.51	
          Nurses			29.16	21.10	8.07	28.69	20.87	7.82	-0.47	-0.23	-0.25	
          Teachers			31.46	23.94	7.52	35.50	26.82	8.68	4.04	2.88	1.16	
        Technical			24.94	17.69	7.25	24.24	17.36	6.88	-0.70	-0.33	-0.37	
      Executive, administrative,										
         and managerial			32.90	23.71	9.20	33.05	23.81	9.24	0.15	0.10	0.04	
      Adminstrative support,										
         including clerical		15.17	10.72	4.45	15.17	10.73	4.44	0.00	0.01	-0.01	
										
    Blue-collar occupations		17.28	11.72	5.56	17.28	11.73	5.56	0.00	0.01	0.00	
										
    Service occupations			10.17	7.37	2.80	10.17	7.38	2.79	0.00	0.01	-0.01	
										
  Industry group										
    Services				19.90	14.67	5.23	19.54	14.37	5.16	-0.36	-0.30	-0.07	
      Health services			20.04	14.14	5.91	18.34	13.21	5.12	-1.70	-0.93	-0.79	
        Hospitals			21.71	15.10	6.61	21.71	15.10	6.61	0.00	0.00	0.00	
      Educational services		25.57	18.95	6.62	27.70	20.34	7.37	2.13	1.39	0.75	
        Elementary and secondary										
            education			24.80	18.45	6.35	27.33	20.12	7.21	2.53	1.67	0.86	
        Higher education		29.29	21.38	7.91	29.29	21.38	7.91	0.00	0.00	0.00	
										
Private industry										
     Full-time workers										
          Manufacturing			20.00	13.46	6.54	21.25	14.28	6.97	1.25	0.82	0.43	
										

 
Appendix. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and relative standard errors,(1) by major industry and
occcupation categories, March 1997
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                         Benefit costs                        
                                                                                                                              
           Industry or occupation               Total    Wages                                                                
                  category                     compen-    and                      Supple-           Retire-  Legally   Other 
                                               sation  salaries   Total    Paid    mental   Insur-  ment and required   bene- 
                                                                           Leave     pay     ance    savings benefits  fits(2)
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              
Civilian workers                                                                                                              
      Cost per hour worked...................   $19.22   $13.85    $5.37    $1.27    $0.47    $1.23    $0.75    $1.62    $0.03
      Relative error.........................      .8%      .8%     1.2%     1.5%     6.5%     1.3%     2.3%      .8%    10.7%
                                                                                                                              
  State and local                                                                                                             
   government workers                                                                                                         
      Cost per hour worked...................   $26.58   $18.61    $7.97    $2.06     $.23    $2.09    $1.95    $1.61     $.04
      Relative error.........................     1.4%     1.4%     1.8%     1.7%     6.9%     2.1%     2.8%     2.0%    22.0%
                                                                                                                              
  Private industry workers                                                                                                    
      Cost per hour worked...................   $17.97   $13.04    $4.94    $1.14     $.51    $1.09     $.55    $1.62     $.03
      Relative error.........................     1.0%     1.0%     1.4%     1.9%     7.0%     1.7%     3.4%      .8%    11.7%
                                                                                                                              
    Goods-producing                                                                                                           
     industries                                                                                                               
      Cost per hour worked...................   $21.86   $14.92    $6.94    $1.45     $.82    $1.64     $.85    $2.11     $.07
      Relative error.........................     1.7%     1.6%     2.3%     2.4%     4.9%     3.0%     5.5%     1.9%    17.2%
                                                                                                                              
    Service-producing                                                                                                         
     industries                                                                                                               
      Cost per hour worked...................   $16.73   $12.44    $4.29    $1.04     $.42     $.92     $.45    $1.46    (3)  
      Relative error.........................     1.3%     1.2%     1.8%     2.4%    11.1%     1.9%     4.3%      .9%    (3)  
                                                                                                                              
    Manufacturing                                                                                                             
      Cost per hour worked...................   $21.84   $14.79    $7.05    $1.66     $.88    $1.70     $.79    $1.94     $.08
      Relative error.........................     2.1%     2.1%     2.6%     2.8%     5.9%     3.0%     6.6%     2.1%    14.7%
                                                                                                                              
    Nonmanufacturing                                                                                                          
      Cost per hour worked...................   $17.10   $12.64    $4.46    $1.02     $.43     $.95     $.49    $1.55    (3)  
      Relative error.........................     1.2%     1.1%     1.8%     2.4%    10.0%     2.0%     4.0%      .9%    (3)  
                                                                                                                              
    White-collar occupations                                                                                                  
      Cost per hour worked...................   $21.60   $15.94    $5.66    $1.53     $.56    $1.20     $.65    $1.69     $.03
      Relative error.........................     1.3%     1.3%     1.8%     2.3%    12.4%     1.8%     3.8%      .9%    13.1%
                                                                                                                              
    Blue-collar occupations                                                                                                   
      Cost per hour worked...................   $17.19   $11.80    $5.39     $.93     $.65    $1.29     $.62    $1.86     $.04
      Relative error.........................     1.4%     1.2%     2.2%     2.6%     3.3%     2.9%     5.8%     1.6%    12.8%
                                                                                                                              
    Service occupations                                                                                                       
      Cost per hour worked...................    $9.04    $6.94    $2.10     $.37     $.14     $.44     $.12    $1.03    (3)  
      Relative error.........................     1.5%     1.3%     2.7%     4.9%     5.8%     5.2%     6.0%     1.9%    (3)  

  1 The relative error is the standard error expressed as a percent of the cost.  One can be 95-percent confident that the
interval around the cost estimate bounded by two times plus and two times minus the standard error contains the "true" cost.

  2 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
  3 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less.

EXPLANATORY NOTES

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation is a measure of the average 
cost per employee hour worked to employers for wages and salaries and 
benefits.

Wages and salaries are defined as the hourly straight-time wage rate 
or, for workers not paid on an hourly basis, straight-time earnings 
divided by the corresponding hours.  Straight-time wage and salary 
rates are total earnings before payroll deductions, excluding premium 
pay for overtime and for work on weekends and holidays, shift 
differentials, nonproduction bonuses, and lump-sum payments provided in 
lieu of wage increases.  Production bonuses, incentive earnings, 
commission payments, and cost-of-living adjustments are included in 
straight-time wage and salary rates.

Benefits covered are:  paid leave--paid vacations, holidays, sick 
leave, and other leave; supplemental pay-premium pay for overtime and 
work on weekends and holidays, shift differentials, nonproduction 
bonuses, and lump-sum payments provided in lieu of wage increases; 
insurance benefits--life, health, sickness and accident insurance and 
long-term disability insurance; retirement and savings benefits--
defined benefit and defined contribution plans; legally required 
benefits--Social Security (OASDI and Medicare), federal and state 
unemployment insurance, workers' compensation, and other benefits 
required by law, such as state temporary disability insurance; and 
other benefits--severance pay and supplemental unemployment plans.

The Survey

Employer Costs for Employee Compensation covers all occupations in 
private industry and state and local governments, but excludes farms 
and households.  These cost levels are published once a year with the 
payroll period including March 12th as the reference period.

The cost levels published in this release are based on a sample of 
about 18,300 occupations within 4,200 sample establishments in private 
industry and about 4,500 occupations within 850 establishments in state 
and local governments.  The sample establishments are classified in 
industry categories based on the 1987 Standard Industrial 
Classification (SIC) manual, as defined by the U.S. Office of 
Management and Budget.  Within an establishment, specific job 
categories are selected to represent broader major occupational groups 
such as professional specialty and technical occupations.

The cost levels are calculated with current employment weights each 
year.  The March 1997 compensation cost levels were calculated using 
the March 1997 employment counts from the Bureau of Labor Statistics 
Current Employment Statistics (CES) program benchmarked to the 1996 
universe of all private nonfarm establishments.  For private industry, 
in most cases, the employment counts used were total employment 
estimates for 2-digit major industry groups (such as primary metal 
manufacturing or food stores) as defined by the SIC manual.  For the 
aerospace industries, employment estimates for 4-digit industries such 
as aircraft manufacturing were used.  In transportation and public 
utilities, Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) coding changes that 
were introduced with the 1996 CES benchmark were not incorporated into 
these estimates.  Rather, the employment estimates used reflect the 
employment counts as they would have been if the SIC coding changes had 
not been made.  This was done so that the employment counts would be 
consistent with the weighted costs (which could not be converted to the 
new coding structure this year) used in the calculation of these costs 
levels.  Because of the potential impact on the 1997 estimate for the 
transportation and public utilities series, that series was not 
published this year.  However, these data were used in the calculation 
of higher level series-service-producing industries, nonmanufacturing, 
and all workers.  In the future, these estimates will conform to the 
CES SIC coding scheme.  For more information on the SIC coding changes, 
see "BLS Establishment Estimates Revised to Incorporate March 1996 
Benchmarks" in the June 1997 issue of Employment and Earnings.  For 
state and local governments, the employment counts used ranged from 
those for 3-digit industries, such as hospitals, to those for major 
industry divisions, such as public administration.

The employment data from these 2-digit, 3-digit, or 4-digit industries 
were distributed to major occupational groups (such as executives, 
administrators, and managers or machine operators, assemblers, and 
inspectors) using the relative importance of the groups as estimated by 
the Employment Cost Index (ECI) sample.  Because the ECI establishment 
sample is completely replaced over a period of several years, the major 
occupational group employment counts from the ECI are affected by the 
age of the sample.  However,  differences of a few years in the age of 
the occupational employment data within industries are likely to have 
only a small impact on the estimates.

In contrast, the ECI, which measures the change in employer costs for 
employee compensation, is calculated with fixed 1990 employment counts 
to prevent employment shifts among occupations and industries from 
influencing the changes.  Therefore, year-to-year changes in the cost 
levels will differ from those in the ECI.

More information on the cost levels, including how the costs are 
calculated, appears in the article "Analyzing employers' costs for 
wages, salaries, and benefits" in the October 1987 issue of the Monthly 
Labor Review.  The published cost levels for March 1987 also appear in 
that article.

An annual bulletin is issued from the ECI program.  The most recent 
bulletin, Employment Cost Indexes and Levels--1975-95 (Bulletin 2466) 
with an Errata dated October 1995, provides historical data on ECI 
indexes as well as employer costs for employee compensation data for 
March 1993, March 1994, and March 1995.  Measures of the precision of 
both the Employment Cost Index and the employer costs for employee 
compensation, an explanation of survey methods, and a discussion of the 
published information also are included.  Please note that Tables 14, 
15, 30, and 31 in the bulletin contain the incorrect data that is 
corrected in tables A1 and A2 of this news release.

Copies of articles, bulletins, and other information can be obtained by 
calling (202) 606-6199, e-mailing olctinfo@bls.gov, or visiting 
http://stats.bls.gov/ecthome.htm.

The Relative Standard Errors

Because the data are based on a sample survey, the compensation cost 
estimates probably differ from the figures that would be obtained from 
all units covered by the survey.  To determine the precision of each 
cost level estimate, a standard error was calculated.

The standard error defines a range (confidence interval) around the 
cost estimate.  The approximate 95-percent confidence interval is the 
estimate plus or minus twice the standard error.  The standard error 
also can be expressed as a percent of the cost estimate, or the 
relative standard error.  For example, the 95-percent confidence 
interval for a cost estimate of $10 with a relative standard error of 
1.0 percent would be $10.00 plus or minus 2.0 percent (2 times 1.0 
percent) or $9.80 to $10.20.  One can be 95 percent confident that the 
"true" cost falls within the confidence interval.  The relative 
standard error is shown with the cost estimates for some series in the 
appendix.  Relative standard errors for all published estimates are 
available upon request.  For a fuller explanation of the relative 
standard errors, see "Analyzing employers' costs for wages, salaries, 
and benefits," in the October 1987 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.

Standard errors relate to differences that occur from sampling errors, 
but not from nonsampling errors.  Sampling errors are differences that 
occur between the results computed from a sample of observations and 
those computed from all observations in the population.  Nonsampling 
errors are not measured.  They include such things as survey 
nonresponse, data collection errors, and processing errors.  Survey 
nonresponse is due to sample members that are unable or unwilling to 
participate in the survey; data collection errors include incorrect 
data provided by the respondent or definitional difficulties; and 
processing errors include errors in recording, coding, and entering 
data.  Although nonsampling error is not measured, many procedures for 
reducing such errors are in place, through several quality assurance 
programs.  These include data collection reinterviews, observed 
interviews, computer edits of the data, and systematic professional 
review of the reports on which the data are recorded.  Extensive 
training of field economists also is conducted to maintain high 
standards in data collection.

Comparing Private and Public Sector Data

Aggregate compensation cost levels in state and local governments 
should not be compared directly with those in private industry.  
Differences between the two sectors stem from a number of factors, 
particularly the variation in work activities and occupational 
structures.  Manufacturing and sales, for example, make up a large part 
of private industry work activities, but are rarely found in state and 
local governments.  White-collar occupations account for two-thirds of 
the state and local government workforce (largely professional 
occupations including teachers), compared with one-half in private 
industry.

An article examining in more detail differences in compensation levels 
between private industry and state and local governments, "Cost of 
employee compensation in public and private sectors," was in the May 
1993 issue of the BLS publication, Monthly Labor Review.