Technical information:
   Household data:  (202) 691-6378  USDL 03-203
           http://www.bls.gov/cps/

   Establishment data:    691-6555  Transmission of material in this release is
           http://www.bls.gov/ces/  embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT),
Media contact:            691-5902  Friday, May 2, 2003.
                                     
                                     
                   THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:  APRIL 2003


   The unemployment rate rose to 6.0 percent in April, and nonfarm payroll
employment edged down by 48,000, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S.
Department of Labor reported today.  In April, job losses continued in
manufacturing, some travel-related industries, and department stores.
   
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
   
   The number of unemployed persons increased to 8.8 million in April, and
the unemployment rate rose from 5.8 to 6.0 percent.  The unemployment rate
has ranged from 5.6 to 6.0 percent since November 2001.  The unemployment
rate for adult men increased by 0.3 percentage point to 5.6 percent in
April.  Jobless rates for adult women (5.1 percent), teenagers (18.0
percent), whites (5.2 percent), blacks or African Americans (10.9 percent),
and Hispanics or Latinos (7.5 percent) showed little or no change.  The
unemployment rate for Asians was 5.8 percent, not seasonally adjusted.
(See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
   
   Total employment, as measured by the household survey, edged up to
137.7 million in April; the employment-population ratio was essentially
unchanged at 62.4 percent.  The civilian labor force increased by 680,000
over the month to 146.5 million, after seasonal adjustment.  The labor
force participation rate rose by 0.2 percentage point to 66.4 percent, 
0.7 percentage point below the rate at the start of the recession.  
(See table A-1.)
   
   In April, 4.8 million persons were working part time even though they
would have preferred a full-time schedule.  The number of such workers
increased by about 600,000 over the year.  (See table A-5.)
   
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
   
   In April, 1.4 million persons were marginally attached to the labor
force, the same as a year earlier.  These individuals wanted and were
available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months.  
They were not counted as unemployed, however, because they did not actively 
search for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.  There were 437,000 
discouraged workers in April, up from 320,000 in April 2002.  Discouraged 
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking 
for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them.  
(See table A-13.)
   
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)

   Total nonfarm payroll employment edged down by 48,000 in April to 130.3
million, seasonally adjusted.  This followed 2 months of job losses totaling 
477,000 (as revised).  Over the month, employment declined sharply in manu-

                                  - 2 -

Table A.  Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
                      |    Quarterly    |                          |
                      |    averages     |       Monthly data       |
                      |_________________|__________________________| Mar.-
      Category        |  2002  |2003 1/ |          2003            | Apr.
                      |________|________|________ _________________|change
                      |   IV   |   I    |  Feb.  |  Mar.  |  Apr.  |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
    HOUSEHOLD DATA    |                 Labor force status
                      |____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 145,241| 145,829| 145,857| 145,793| 146,473|    680
  Employment..........| 136,657| 137,430| 137,408| 137,348| 137,687|    339
  Unemployment........|   8,584|   8,399|   8,450|   8,445|   8,786|    341
Not in labor force....|  73,302|  74,280|  74,257|  74,524|  74,067|   -457
                      |________|________|________|________|________|_______
                      |                 Unemployment rates
                      |____________________________________________________
All workers...........|     5.9|     5.8|     5.8|     5.8|     6.0|    0.2
  Adult men...........|     5.5|     5.4|     5.3|     5.3|     5.6|     .3
  Adult women.........|     5.2|     4.9|     5.0|     5.0|     5.1|     .1
  Teenagers...........|    16.1|    17.2|    17.1|    17.7|    18.0|     .3
  White 2/............|     5.1|     5.1|     5.0|     5.1|     5.2|     .1
  Black or African    |        |        |        |        |        |
    American 2/.......|    10.7|    10.3|    10.5|    10.2|    10.9|     .7
  Hispanic or Latino  |        |        |        |        |        |
    ethnicity.........|     7.8|     7.7|     7.7|     7.5|     7.5|     .0
                      |________|________|________|________|________|_______
 ESTABLISHMENT DATA   |                     Employment
                      |____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 130,795|p130,596| 130,520|p130,396|p130,348|   p-48
  Goods-producing 3/..|  23,623| p23,488|  23,463| p23,439| p23,366|   p-73
    Construction......|   6,544|  p6,540|   6,519|  p6,538|  p6,556|    p18
    Manufacturing.....|  16,528| p16,394|  16,389| p16,346| p16,251|   p-95
  Service-producing 3/| 107,172|p107,108| 107,057|p106,957|p106,982|    p25
    Retail trade......|  23,229| p23,179|  23,150| p23,117| p23,107|   p-10
    Services..........|  41,419| p41,433|  41,403| p41,374| p41,395|    p21
    Government........|  21,357| p21,366|  21,384| p21,348| p21,380|    p32
                      |________|________|________|________|________|_______
                      |                  Hours of work 4/
                      |____________________________________________________
Total private.........|    34.2|   p34.2|    34.1|   p34.3|   p34.0|  p-0.3
  Manufacturing.......|    40.7|   p40.8|    40.8|   p40.8|   p40.5|   p-.3
    Overtime..........|     4.1|    p4.1|     4.1|    p4.0|    p3.9|   p-.1
                      |________|________|________|________|________|_______
                      |    Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 4/
                      |____________________________________________________
Total private.........|   147.9|  p147.7|   147.0|  p147.7|  p146.6|  p-1.1
                      |________|________|________|________|________|_______
                      |                      Earnings 4/
                      |____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, |        |        |        |        |        |
  total private.......|  $14.94| p$15.05|  $15.08| p$15.09| p$15.11| p$0.02
Avg. weekly earnings, |        |        |        |        |        |
  total private.......|  510.45| p515.33|  514.23| p517.59| p513.74| p-3.85
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
   1  Beginning in January 2003, household data reflect revised population
controls used in the Current Population Survey.
   2  Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only were in-
cluded in this category.  Persons who selected more than one race group are
included only in the "all workers" total.  Prior to 2003, persons who re-
ported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the
main race.
   3  Includes other industries, not shown separately.
   4  Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
   p=preliminary.

                                  - 3 -

facturing, department stores, and three travel-related industries--amusements 
and recreation, hotels, and air transportation.  (See table B-1.)
   
   Manufacturing job losses totaled 95,000 in April, more than twice the
average monthly decline for the prior 12 months (-40,000).  Motor vehicles
and equipment (-23,000) accounted for about one-quarter of the April decline 
in factory employment.  This industry has lost 150,000 jobs since its most 
recent employment peak in June 2000.  In April, job declines in a number of 
other manufacturing industries also exceeded their prior 12-month averages.  
Among these industries were lumber, furniture, fabricated metals, textiles, 
apparel, and paper.  Employment continued to fall in electronic and electri-
cal equipment.
   
   Several travel-related industries continued to lose jobs in April.
Employment in amusement and recreation services and in hotels decreased 
by 41,000 and 20,000, respectively, on a seasonally adjusted basis.
Employment also continued to decline in air transportation, an industry
that has lost 177,000 jobs since its employment peak in January 2001.
Recent weakness has been concentrated in the passenger component of air
transportation.

   Overall employment in the services industry was little changed in April
following 2 months of declines.  The job losses in hotels and amusements
were offset by job gains in other services industries.  Employment increased 
over the month in legal services, engineering and management services, agri-
cultural services, and health services.  Employment growth in health services 
has slowed this year, with average monthly job gains thus far in 2003 about 
half the average for 2002.
   
   Construction employment edged up in April (18,000), with most of the
gains among general building contractors (13,000).  General building
contractors have added 39,000 jobs since employment reached a recent low
point in July 2002.  Residential building contractors have accounted for
all of that growth.
   
   Within finance, mortgage banking employment was essentially flat for
the second month in a row.  From January 2001 to February 2003, this
industry added 123,000 workers, accounting for all the net growth in the
finance industry.
   
   Employment in retail trade was little changed in April, following de-
clines in the prior 2 months.  Department stores lost 34,000 jobs over
the month.  These losses were partially offset by job gains in eating and
drinking places (28,000).
   
   In government, employment in local education rose by 28,000 in April,
more than offsetting a loss of 23,000 jobs (as revised) in the previous 
2 months.  Employment elsewhere in government was little changed over the
month.
   
                                  - 4 -
   
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
   
   The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private 
nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.3 hour in April to 34.0 hours, seasonally ad-
justed.  The manufacturing workweek also declined by 0.3 hour to 40.5 hours.  
Manufacturing overtime was down by 0.1 hour to 3.9 hours.  (See table B-2.)
   
   The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.7 percent in April to 146.6
(1982=100), seasonally adjusted.  The manufacturing index fell by 1.3 per-
cent to 88.8 in April and has declined by 4.4 percent in the past year.
(See table B-5.)

Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
   
   Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls increased by 2 cents in April to $15.11,
seasonally adjusted.  Reflecting the decline in weekly hours, average
weekly earnings decreased by 0.7 percent to $513.74.  Over the year,
average hourly earnings increased by 3.1 percent and average weekly
earnings grew by 2.5 percent.  (See table B-3.)
   
                      ______________________________
   
   The Employment Situation for May 2003 is scheduled to be released on
Friday, June 6, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).
   
    
    -------------------------------------------------------------------- 
   |                                                                    |
   |      Impact of the Call-Up of Military Reservists on the           |
   |                          Employment Data                           |
   |                                                                    |
   |    According to information released by the U.S. Department of     |
   | Defense, about 220,000 reservists had been called to active        |
   | duty as of early April.  BLS is unable to quantify the impact of   |
   | this call-up on its employment figures.                            |
   |                                                                    |
   |    With regard to the payroll survey:                              |
   |                                                                    |
   |     --  In concept, persons on active military duty for the        |
   |         entire survey reference period are not included on em-     |
   |         ployer payrolls.                                           |
   |                                                                    |
   |     --  Some reservists would have held jobs not covered by the    |
   |         payroll survey--such as the self-employed or those in      |
   |         agriculture--and others may not have held jobs at all.     |
   |                                                                    |
   |     --  If reservists are replaced by new workers on an em-        |
   |         ployer's payroll, there would be no net change in the      |
   |         number of jobs counted.  If reservists are not replaced,   |
   |         a net decline in the employer's job count would result.    |
   |                                                                    |
   |    With regard to the household survey:                            |
   |                                                                    |
   |    The Current Population Survey measures only the civilian nonin- |
   | stitutional population.  Also, the population levels to which the  |
   | labor force estimates are controlled are not adjusted to reflect   |
   | the call-up of reservists.  As a result, the survey will not reg-  |
   | ister the impact of these call-ups.                                |             
   |                                                                    |
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
     
                                  - 5 -
         
         Revisions to the Establishment Survey Data in June 2003
       
       With the release of May data on June 6, BLS will introduce sev-
    eral major changes to the establishment survey, which are de-
    scribed below.  In addition, the establishment-based series on non-
    farm payroll employment, hours, and earnings will reflect the an-
    nual benchmark adjustments for March 2002 and updated seasonal ad-
    justment factors.
     
       NAICS conversion.  All nonfarm payroll series, produced from the
    Current Employment Statistics (CES) program, will be converted from
    the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system to the
    2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) with the
    release of May 2003 estimates.  The NAICS conversion involves major 
    definitional changes to many of the currently published SIC-based 
    series.  After the conversion to NAICS, SIC-based series will no 
    longer be produced or published.  Historical time series will be 
    reconstructed as part of the NAICS conversion process.  All publish-
    ed series will have a NAICS-based history extending back to at least 
    January 1990.  For total nonfarm and other high-level aggregates, 
    NAICS history will begin in January 1939, the current starting date 
    for these series.  For more detailed series, the starting date will 
    vary depending on the scope of the definitional changes between SIC 
    and NAICS.  The NAICS-based reconstruction effort will cover all CES 
    published data types:  all employees, women workers, production 
    workers, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, and deriva-
    tive series (for example, indexes of aggregate weekly hours).
       
       Completion of the CES sample redesign.  June 6, 2003, also will
    mark the completion of the CES sample redesign phase-in.  The
    redesign converts the CES from a quota-based sample to a
    probability-based sample.  In June 2003, the services industries
    will be converted to the new sample design; all other private
    sector industries already have been converted.  The final stage of
    the sample redesign phase-in may result in level shifts for average
    weekly hours, average hourly earnings, production worker, and women
    worker series.  New levels for these series are being recomputed
    from the NAICS-based probability sample.
       
       Concurrent seasonal adjustment.  Also beginning in June 2003,
    the CES program will convert to concurrent seasonal adjustment,
    which uses all available monthly estimates, including those for the
    current month, in developing seasonal factors.  Currently, the CES
    program projects seasonal factors twice a year.  With the introduc-
    tion of concurrent seasonal adjustment, BLS will no longer publish 
    seasonal factors for CES national estimates.
       
       Change to federal government series.  Beginning in June 2003,
    the CES series for federal government employment will be revised
    slightly in scope and definition due to a change in source data and
    
                                  - 6 -
    
    estimation methods.  The current national series is an end-of-month
    federal employee count produced by the Office of Personnel
    Management, and it excludes some workers, mostly employees who work
    in Department of Defense-owned establishments such as military base
    commissaries.  The CES national series will include these workers
    starting in June.  Also, federal government employment will be
    estimated from a sample of federal establishments, will be
    benchmarked annually to counts from unemployment insurance tax
    records, and will reflect employee counts as of the pay period
    including the 12th of the month, consistent with other CES industry
    series.  The historical time series for federal government
    employment will be revised to reflect these changes.
       
       Further information on upcoming changes to CES data series is
    available through the BLS public database on the Internet, via the
    CES homepage at http://www.bls.gov/ces/, or by calling 202-691-6555.
         
   

 
 
                                  - 7 -

Explanatory Note


 This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey).  The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA.  It is a sample survey of about
60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
 
 The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA.  This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies.  In June 2002,
the sample included over 300,000 establishments employing about 37 million
people.
 
 For both surveys, the data for a given month  relate to a particular week
or pay period.  In the household survey,  the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month.  In the
establishment survey, the reference  period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
 
 Household survey.  The sample  is selected  to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population.  Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person  16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
 
 People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm.  People are also counted as employed if they
were  temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
 
 People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria:  They had no employment during the  reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week.  Persons laid off from  a job and expecting recall   need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed.  The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
 
 The civilian labor force  is the sum of  employed and  unemployed
persons.  Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force.  The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the  labor force.  The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
 
 Establishment survey.  The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities.  Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave.  Persons are counted in each job
they hold.  Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.

                                  - 8 -
 
 Differences in employment estimates.  The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys.  Among these are:
 
 --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.

 --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
 
 --The household survey is limited to  workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
 
 --The  household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
individuals  are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In
the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job  and thus
appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
 
Seasonal adjustment
 
 Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools.  The
effect of such seasonal  variation can  be  very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
 
 Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month.  These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot.  For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined.  However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change.  Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
 
 In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted.  However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series.  For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-
sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
 
 The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year.  For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December

                                  - 9 -

period.  For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period.  In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates
 
 Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error.  When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent.  The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate.  There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error.  BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
 
 For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
290,000.  Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next.  The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -190,000 to 390,000 (100,000 +/- 290,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval.  Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased.  If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero.  In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred.  At an unemployment rate of around 4 percent, the 90-percent con-
fidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 270,000, 
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 
percentage point.
 
 In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations.  The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages.  The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
 
 The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error.  Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
 
 For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables.  It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
 
 Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms.  To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change.  The size of the

                                  - 10 -

monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
 
 The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error.  The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries.  Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.

Additional statistics and other information
 
 More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS.  It is available for $27.00 per issue or
$53.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402.  All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
 
 Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release.  For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-D of its "Explanatory Notes."  Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-H of that
publication.
 
 Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request.  Voice phone:  202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone:  1-800-877-8339.
 
 
 
 

  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                              HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-1.  Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                     Not seasonally adjusted             Seasonally adjusted (1)            
                                                                                                                            
           Employment status, sex, and age                                                                                  
                                                                                                                            
                                                       Apr.    Mar.    Apr.    Apr.    Dec.    Jan.    Feb.    Mar.    Apr. 
                                                       2002    2003    2003    2002    2002    2003    2003    2003    2003 
                                                                                                                            
                        TOTAL                                                                                               
                                                                                                                            
  Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 217,006 220,317 220,540 217,006 218,741 219,897 220,114 220,317 220,540
    Civilian labor force............................ 144,158 145,801 145,925 144,763 145,150 145,838 145,857 145,793 146,473
          Participation rate........................    66.4    66.2    66.2    66.7    66.4    66.3    66.3    66.2    66.4
      Employed...................................... 135,903 136,783 137,424 136,196 136,439 137,536 137,408 137,348 137,687
          Employment-population ratio...............    62.6    62.1    62.3    62.8    62.4    62.5    62.4    62.3    62.4
      Unemployed....................................   8,255   9,018   8,501   8,567   8,711   8,302   8,450   8,445   8,786
          Unemployment rate.........................     5.7     6.2     5.8     5.9     6.0     5.7     5.8     5.8     6.0
    Not in labor force..............................  72,848  74,516  74,615  72,243  73,591  74,059  74,257  74,524  74,067
      Persons who currently want a job..............   4,554   4,763   4,373   4,581   4,546   4,676   4,462   5,020   4,417
                                                                                                                            
                Men, 16 years and over                                                                                      
                                                                                                                            
  Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 104,293 106,005 106,123 104,293 105,195 105,767 105,895 106,005 106,123
    Civilian labor force............................  77,026  77,533  77,796  77,387  77,492  77,693  77,927  77,738  78,122
          Participation rate........................    73.9    73.1    73.3    74.2    73.7    73.5    73.6    73.3    73.6
      Employed......................................  72,483  72,304  72,905  72,780  72,690  72,994  73,249  73,064  73,182
          Employment-population ratio...............    69.5    68.2    68.7    69.8    69.1    69.0    69.2    68.9    69.0
      Unemployed....................................   4,543   5,228   4,891   4,607   4,801   4,699   4,678   4,674   4,940
          Unemployment rate.........................     5.9     6.7     6.3     6.0     6.2     6.0     6.0     6.0     6.3
    Not in labor force..............................  27,267  28,473  28,327  26,906  27,703  28,074  27,968  28,268  28,001
                                                                                                                            
                Men, 20 years and over                                                                                      
                                                                                                                            
  Civilian noninstitutional population..............  96,116  97,869  97,979  96,116  97,139  97,635  97,762  97,869  97,979
    Civilian labor force............................  73,439  74,208  74,504  73,525  73,744  73,993  74,254  74,236  74,571
          Participation rate........................    76.4    75.8    76.0    76.5    75.9    75.8    76.0    75.9    76.1
      Employed......................................  69,522  69,679  70,259  69,627  69,600  69,967  70,293  70,293  70,364
          Employment-population ratio...............    72.3    71.2    71.7    72.4    71.6    71.7    71.9    71.8    71.8
      Unemployed....................................   3,917   4,528   4,245   3,898   4,145   4,026   3,962   3,944   4,207
          Unemployment rate.........................     5.3     6.1     5.7     5.3     5.6     5.4     5.3     5.3     5.6
    Not in labor force..............................  22,677  23,661  23,475  22,591  23,394  23,642  23,508  23,632  23,408
                                                                                                                            
               Women, 16 years and over                                                                                     
                                                                                                                            
  Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 112,713 114,312 114,417 112,713 113,546 114,130 114,219 114,312 114,417
    Civilian labor force............................  67,132  68,269  68,130  67,376  67,658  68,144  67,930  68,055  68,351
          Participation rate........................    59.6    59.7    59.5    59.8    59.6    59.7    59.5    59.5    59.7
      Employed......................................  63,420  64,479  64,519  63,416  63,749  64,542  64,159  64,284  64,505
          Employment-population ratio...............    56.3    56.4    56.4    56.3    56.1    56.6    56.2    56.2    56.4
      Unemployed....................................   3,712   3,790   3,610   3,960   3,909   3,603   3,772   3,771   3,846
          Unemployment rate.........................     5.5     5.6     5.3     5.9     5.8     5.3     5.6     5.5     5.6
    Not in labor force..............................  45,580  46,043  46,288  45,337  45,888  45,985  46,289  46,257  46,066
                                                                                                                            
               Women, 20 years and over                                                                                     
                                                                                                                            
  Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 104,871 106,411 106,510 104,871 105,678 106,235 106,322 106,411 106,510
    Civilian labor force............................  63,616  64,877  64,696  63,616  64,036  64,479  64,310  64,477  64,677
          Participation rate........................    60.7    61.0    60.7    60.7    60.6    60.7    60.5    60.6    60.7
      Employed......................................  60,422  61,592  61,595  60,237  60,676  61,443  61,073  61,227  61,401
          Employment-population ratio...............    57.6    57.9    57.8    57.4    57.4    57.8    57.4    57.5    57.6
      Unemployed....................................   3,194   3,285   3,101   3,379   3,360   3,035   3,237   3,250   3,276
          Unemployment rate.........................     5.0     5.1     4.8     5.3     5.2     4.7     5.0     5.0     5.1
    Not in labor force..............................  41,254  41,533  41,814  41,255  41,642  41,757  42,013  41,933  41,834
                                                                                                                            
              Both sexes, 16 to 19 years                                                                                    
                                                                                                                            
  Civilian noninstitutional population..............  16,019  16,038  16,051  16,019  15,925  16,027  16,030  16,038  16,051
    Civilian labor force............................   7,103   6,717   6,726   7,622   7,369   7,366   7,293   7,079   7,226
          Participation rate........................    44.3    41.9    41.9    47.6    46.3    46.0    45.5    44.1    45.0
      Employed......................................   5,959   5,512   5,570   6,331   6,164   6,125   6,042   5,829   5,923
          Employment-population ratio...............    37.2    34.4    34.7    39.5    38.7    38.2    37.7    36.3    36.9
      Unemployed....................................   1,144   1,205   1,155   1,290   1,206   1,241   1,251   1,251   1,303
          Unemployment rate.........................    16.1    17.9    17.2    16.9    16.4    16.8    17.1    17.7    18.0
    Not in labor force..............................   8,916   9,321   9,325   8,397   8,555   8,661   8,736   8,959   8,825

    1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
  and seasonally adjusted columns.
    NOTE:  Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

 
 



  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                              HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-2.  Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                     Not seasonally adjusted             Seasonally adjusted (1)            
                                                                                                                            
        Employment status, race, sex, and age                                                                               
                                                       Apr.    Mar.    Apr.    Apr.    Dec.    Jan.    Feb.    Mar.    Apr. 
                                                       2002    2003    2003    2002    2002    2003    2003    2003    2003 
                                                                                                                            
                      WHITE (2)                                                                                             
  Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 179,398 180,728 180,873 179,398 180,580 180,460 180,599 180,728 180,873
    Civilian labor force............................ 119,631 120,201 120,195 120,059 120,093 120,084 120,166 120,200 120,575
        Participation rate..........................    66.7    66.5    66.5    66.9    66.5    66.5    66.5    66.5    66.7
      Employed...................................... 113,583 113,630 114,057 113,834 113,910 113,995 114,135 114,089 114,286
        Employment-population ratio.................    63.3    62.9    63.1    63.5    63.1    63.2    63.2    63.1    63.2
      Unemployed....................................   6,048   6,572   6,138   6,225   6,184   6,089   6,031   6,111   6,289
        Unemployment rate...........................     5.1     5.5     5.1     5.2     5.1     5.1     5.0     5.1     5.2
    Not in labor force..............................  59,767  60,526  60,679  59,339  60,487  60,376  60,432  60,528  60,298
                                                                                                                            
                Men, 20 years and over                                                                                      
    Civilian labor force............................  61,885  62,214  62,432  61,957  62,112  62,003  62,235  62,269  62,500
        Participation rate..........................    76.7    76.3    76.5    76.8    76.3    76.2    76.4    76.3    76.5
      Employed......................................  58,906  58,802  59,263  58,985  59,053  58,994  59,342  59,344  59,353
        Employment-population ratio.................    73.0    72.1    72.6    73.1    72.6    72.5    72.8    72.7    72.7
      Unemployed....................................   2,979   3,412   3,168   2,972   3,059   3,009   2,893   2,925   3,147
        Unemployment rate...........................     4.8     5.5     5.1     4.8     4.9     4.9     4.6     4.7     5.0
                                                                                                                            
               Women, 20 years and over                                                                                     
    Civilian labor force............................  51,764  52,404  52,151  51,746  51,752  51,909  51,840  52,039  52,107
        Participation rate..........................    60.1    60.5    60.1    60.1    59.7    60.0    59.9    60.1    60.1
      Employed......................................  49,517  50,120  50,013  49,401  49,488  49,768  49,645  49,770  49,885
        Employment-population ratio.................    57.5    57.8    57.7    57.4    57.1    57.5    57.3    57.4    57.5
      Unemployed....................................   2,247   2,284   2,137   2,346   2,264   2,141   2,194   2,269   2,223
        Unemployment rate...........................     4.3     4.4     4.1     4.5     4.4     4.1     4.2     4.4     4.3
                                                                                                                            
              Both sexes, 16 to 19 years                                                                                    
    Civilian labor force............................   5,981   5,583   5,612   6,355   6,230   6,172   6,091   5,892   5,968
        Participation rate..........................    47.5    44.7    44.9    50.5    49.4    49.4    48.8    47.2    47.7
      Employed......................................   5,160   4,707   4,780   5,449   5,369   5,232   5,147   4,976   5,049
        Employment-population ratio.................    41.0    37.7    38.2    43.3    42.6    41.9    41.2    39.8    40.4
      Unemployed....................................     822     876     832     907     861     940     944     916     919
        Unemployment rate...........................    13.7    15.7    14.8    14.3    13.8    15.2    15.5    15.6    15.4
                                                                                                                            
            BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN (2)                                                                                   
  Civilian noninstitutional population..............  25,478  25,552  25,587  25,478  25,784  25,484  25,519  25,552  25,587
    Civilian labor force............................  16,512  16,288  16,417  16,638  16,706  16,374  16,395  16,296  16,521
        Participation rate..........................    64.8    63.7    64.2    65.3    64.8    64.3    64.2    63.8    64.6
      Employed......................................  14,840  14,558  14,726  14,843  14,827  14,684  14,669  14,641  14,723
        Employment-population ratio.................    58.2    57.0    57.6    58.3    57.5    57.6    57.5    57.3    57.5
      Unemployed....................................   1,672   1,730   1,691   1,795   1,879   1,690   1,726   1,655   1,797
        Unemployment rate...........................    10.1    10.6    10.3    10.8    11.2    10.3    10.5    10.2    10.9
    Not in labor force..............................   8,965   9,264   9,169   8,840   9,078   9,110   9,124   9,256   9,066
                                                                                                                            
                Men, 20 years and over                                                                                      
    Civilian labor force............................   7,332   7,209   7,279   7,349   7,311   7,233   7,296   7,195   7,295
        Participation rate..........................    72.3    70.5    71.1    72.4    71.0    71.0    71.5    70.4    71.3
      Employed......................................   6,681   6,465   6,538   6,679   6,543   6,489   6,560   6,526   6,537
        Employment-population ratio.................    65.8    63.3    63.9    65.8    63.6    63.7    64.3    63.8    63.9
      Unemployed....................................     651     744     740     670     768     744     736     669     758
        Unemployment rate...........................     8.9    10.3    10.2     9.1    10.5    10.3    10.1     9.3    10.4
                                                                                                                            
               Women, 20 years and over                                                                                     
    Civilian labor force............................   8,348   8,352   8,432   8,360   8,540   8,327   8,296   8,315   8,443
        Participation rate..........................    64.6    64.4    65.0    64.7    65.4    64.4    64.1    64.1    65.0
      Employed......................................   7,600   7,624   7,700   7,562   7,712   7,629   7,548   7,592   7,663
        Employment-population ratio.................    58.8    58.8    59.3    58.5    59.0    59.0    58.3    58.6    59.0
      Unemployed....................................     748     728     732     798     827     698     748     723     780
        Unemployment rate...........................     9.0     8.7     8.7     9.5     9.7     8.4     9.0     8.7     9.2
                                                                                                                            
              Both sexes, 16 to 19 years                                                                                    
    Civilian labor force............................     832     727     707     928     855     813     803     786     782
        Participation rate..........................    34.5    30.7    29.8    38.5    35.2    34.4    33.9    33.2    33.0
      Employed......................................     558     470     488     602     571     566     560     524     523
        Employment-population ratio.................    23.2    19.8    20.6    25.0    23.5    23.9    23.7    22.1    22.1
      Unemployed....................................     273     257     219     326     284     247     242     262     259
        Unemployment rate...........................    32.9    35.4    30.9    35.2    33.2    30.4    30.2    33.4    33.1
                                                                                                                            
                      ASIAN (2)                                                                                             
  Civilian noninstutional population................   9,730   9,081   9,086   (3)     (3)     (3)     (3)     (3)     (3)  
    Civilian labor force............................   6,499   6,063   6,029   (3)     (3)     (3)     (3)     (3)     (3)  
        Participation rate..........................    66.8    66.8    66.4   (3)     (3)     (3)     (3)     (3)     (3)  
      Employed......................................   6,115   5,672   5,681   (3)     (3)     (3)     (3)     (3)     (3)  
        Employment-population ratio.................    62.8    62.5    62.5   (3)     (3)     (3)     (3)     (3)     (3)  
      Unemployed....................................     384     391     348   (3)     (3)     (3)     (3)     (3)     (3)  
        Unemployment rate...........................     5.9     6.5     5.8   (3)     (3)     (3)     (3)     (3)     (3)  
    Not in labor force..............................   3,232   3,018   3,057   (3)     (3)     (3)     (3)     (3)     (3)  

    1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
  and seasonally adjusted columns.
    2 Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not
  included.  Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main
  race.
    3 Data not available.
    NOTE:  Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for
  all races.  Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

 
 
 
 

  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                              HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-3.  Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                     Not seasonally adjusted             Seasonally adjusted (1)            
                                                                                                                            
           Employment status, sex, and age                                                                                  
                                                       Apr.    Mar.    Apr.    Apr.    Dec.    Jan.    Feb.    Mar.    Apr. 
                                                       2002    2003    2003    2002    2002    2003    2003    2003    2003 
                                                                                                                            
             HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY                                                                                   
  Civilian noninstitutional population..............  25,739  27,191  27,291  25,739  26,436  26,994  27,095  27,191  27,291
    Civilian labor force............................  17,866  18,665  18,794  17,913  18,134  18,614  18,658  18,614  18,836
        Participation rate..........................    69.4    68.6    68.9    69.6    68.6    69.0    68.9    68.5    69.0
      Employed......................................  16,507  17,123  17,443  16,498  16,708  17,155  17,223  17,215  17,428
        Employment-population ratio.................    64.1    63.0    63.9    64.1    63.2    63.5    63.6    63.3    63.9
      Unemployed....................................   1,359   1,542   1,351   1,415   1,425   1,459   1,436   1,399   1,408
        Unemployment rate...........................     7.6     8.3     7.2     7.9     7.9     7.8     7.7     7.5     7.5
    Not in labor force..............................   7,874   8,527   8,497   7,827   8,303   8,380   8,436   8,577   8,455
                                                                                                                            
                Men, 20 years and over                                                                                      
    Civilian labor force............................   9,893  10,625  10,786   (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)  
        Participation rate..........................    83.7    84.2    85.1   (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)  
      Employed......................................   9,260   9,868  10,085   (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)  
        Employment-population ratio.................    78.4    78.2    79.6   (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)  
      Unemployed....................................     633     757     701   (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)  
        Unemployment rate...........................     6.4     7.1     6.5   (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)  
                                                                                                                            
               Women, 20 years and over                                                                                     
    Civilian labor force............................   6,878   7,120   7,092   (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)  
        Participation rate..........................    60.2    59.1    58.6   (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)  
      Employed......................................   6,370   6,501   6,591   (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)  
        Employment-population ratio.................    55.8    53.9    54.5   (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)  
      Unemployed....................................     508     619     500   (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)  
        Unemployment rate...........................     7.4     8.7     7.1   (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)  
                                                                                                                            
              Both sexes, 16 to 19 years                                                                                    
    Civilian labor force............................   1,094     920     917   (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)  
        Participation rate..........................    43.7    36.5    36.3   (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)  
      Employed......................................     877     754     767   (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)  
        Employment-population ratio.................    35.0    29.9    30.4   (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)  
      Unemployed....................................     217     166     150   (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)  
        Unemployment rate...........................    19.9    18.0    16.4   (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)  

    1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
  and seasonally adjusted columns.
    2 Data not available.
    NOTE:  Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.  Beginning in January 2003, data
  reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.


  


  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                               HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-4.  Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                             
                                               Not seasonally adjusted                   Seasonally adjusted                 
                                                                                                                             
            Educational attainment                                                                                           
                                                Apr.     Mar.     Apr.     Apr.     Dec.     Jan.     Feb.     Mar.     Apr.  
                                                2002     2003     2003     2002     2002     2003     2003     2003     2003  
                                                                                                                             
       Less than a high school diploma                                                                                       
  Civilian labor force......................   13,105   12,874   13,005   12,834   12,607   12,542   12,638   12,896   12,710
      Participation rate....................     45.1     45.0     45.5     44.2     44.6     43.7     44.9     45.1     44.4
    Employed................................   11,994   11,608   11,974   11,704   11,470   11,471   11,522   11,802   11,664
      Employment-population ratio...........     41.3     40.6     41.9     40.3     40.6     40.0     40.9     41.3     40.8
    Unemployed..............................    1,112    1,266    1,031    1,131    1,136    1,071    1,116    1,094    1,046
      Unemployment rate.....................      8.5      9.8      7.9      8.8      9.0      8.5      8.8      8.5      8.2
                                                                                                                             
    High school graduates, no college (1)                                                                                    
  Civilian labor force......................   37,468   37,911   37,913   37,492   37,797   37,856   37,816   37,632   37,950
      Participation rate....................     64.4     64.0     64.1     64.4     63.6     63.5     63.7     63.5     64.1
    Employed................................   35,422   35,625   35,763   35,417   35,775   35,923   35,779   35,569   35,774
      Employment-population ratio...........     60.9     60.1     60.4     60.9     60.2     60.2     60.2     60.0     60.4
    Unemployed..............................    2,046    2,287    2,150    2,075    2,021    1,933    2,037    2,063    2,176
      Unemployment rate.....................      5.5      6.0      5.7      5.5      5.3      5.1      5.4      5.5      5.7
                                                                                                                             
       Some college or associate degree                                                                                      
  Civilian labor force......................   32,978   34,103   33,910   33,408   33,831   34,186   34,335   34,008   34,375
      Participation rate....................     72.9     73.5     73.1     73.8     72.4     73.3     73.2     73.3     74.1
    Employed................................   31,460   32,399   32,304   31,878   32,154   32,556   32,730   32,382   32,760
      Employment-population ratio...........     69.5     69.8     69.6     70.4     68.8     69.8     69.8     69.8     70.6
    Unemployed..............................    1,518    1,703    1,606    1,530    1,677    1,630    1,605    1,626    1,615
      Unemployment rate.....................      4.6      5.0      4.7      4.6      5.0      4.8      4.7      4.8      4.7
                                                                                                                             
       Bachelor's degree and higher (2)                                                                                      
  Civilian labor force......................   38,984   39,603   39,652   38,809   38,652   38,778   39,046   39,507   39,465
      Participation rate....................     79.2     78.7     78.5     78.8     79.2     78.8     78.2     78.5     78.1
    Employed................................   37,919   38,443   38,511   37,660   37,530   37,626   37,892   38,292   38,233
      Employment-population ratio...........     77.0     76.4     76.2     76.5     76.9     76.4     75.9     76.1     75.6
    Unemployed..............................    1,064    1,160    1,142    1,149    1,121    1,152    1,154    1,215    1,232
      Unemployment rate.....................      2.7      2.9      2.9      3.0      2.9      3.0      3.0      3.1      3.1

    1 Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
    2 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees. 
    NOTE:  Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

 
 
 

HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                     HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-5.  Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

  (In thousands)
                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                   
                                            Not seasonally adjusted               Seasonally adjusted              
                                                                                                                   
                  Category                                                                                         
                                                                                                                   
                                              Apr.    Mar.    Apr.    Apr.    Dec.    Jan.    Feb.    Mar.    Apr. 
                                              2002    2003    2003    2002    2002    2003    2003    2003    2003 
                                                                                                                   
               CLASS OF WORKER                                                                                     
                                                                                                                   
  Agriculture and related industries.......   2,344   2,108   2,129   2,342   2,342   2,314   2,178   2,227   2,128
    Wage and salary workers................   1,301   1,149   1,182   1,312   1,260   1,195   1,174   1,271   1,192
    Self-employed workers..................   1,017     928     933     994   1,038   1,071     953     923     912
    Unpaid family workers..................      26      30      15   (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)  
                                                                                                                   
  Nonagricultural industries............... 133,558 134,676 135,295 133,948 134,080 135,142 135,317 135,104 135,682
    Wage and salary workers................ 124,684 125,588 126,031 125,085 124,735 125,768 126,006 125,886 126,425
      Government...........................  19,757  19,573  19,760  19,552  19,551  19,868  19,418  19,318  19,556
      Private industries................... 104,927 106,015 106,271 105,499 105,348 105,907 106,437 106,583 106,838
        Private households.................     731     676     715   (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)  
        Other industries................... 104,196 105,339 105,556 104,749 104,673 105,192 105,773 105,910 106,104
    Self-employed workers..................   8,773   8,985   9,161   8,743   9,250   9,444   9,258   9,181   9,139
    Unpaid family workers..................     102     102     103   (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)  
                                                                                                                   
        PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME (2)                                                                              
                                                                                                                   
  All industries:                                                                                                  
    Part time for economic reasons.........   4,018   4,784   4,609   4,210   4,273   4,643   4,807   4,696   4,840
      Slack work or business conditions....   2,668   3,263   3,119   2,752   2,893   3,027   3,152   3,123   3,221
      Could only find part-time work.......   1,110   1,203   1,233   1,140   1,110   1,297   1,275   1,192   1,266
    Part time for noneconomic reasons......  19,841  19,555  19,785  18,933  18,555  19,314  18,421  18,888  18,886
                                                                                                                   
  Nonagricultural industries:                                                                                      
    Part time for economic reasons.........   3,953   4,672   4,518   4,132   4,219   4,496   4,675   4,587   4,728
      Slack work or business conditions....   2,621   3,199   3,055   2,690   2,854   2,947   3,062   3,048   3,140
      Could only find part-time work.......   1,101   1,200   1,224   1,129   1,097   1,267   1,257   1,178   1,258
    Part time for noneconomic reasons......  19,474  19,158  19,431  18,560  18,197  18,984  18,134  18,529  18,503

    1 Data not available.
    2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week
  for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.  Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons
  who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays,
  illness, and bad weather.
    NOTE:  Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because
  of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.  Industries reflect the introduction of the 2002
  Census industry classification system derived from the 2002 North American Industry Classification System into
  the Current Population Survey.  Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the
  household survey.

 



  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                              HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-6.  Selected employment indicators

  (In thousands)
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                     Not seasonally adjusted               Seasonally adjusted              
                                                                                                                            
                    Characteristic                                                                                          
                                                                                                                            
                                                       Apr.    Mar.    Apr.    Apr.    Dec.    Jan.    Feb.    Mar.    Apr. 
                                                       2002    2003    2003    2002    2002    2003    2003    2003    2003 
                                                                                                                            
  Total, 16 years and over.......................... 135,903 136,783 137,424 136,196 136,439 137,536 137,408 137,348 137,687
    16 to 19 years..................................   5,959   5,512   5,570   6,331   6,164   6,125   6,042   5,829   5,923
      16 to 17 years................................   2,109   2,053   2,087   2,330   2,258   2,446   2,352   2,292   2,311
      18 to 19 years................................   3,850   3,459   3,484   3,996   3,921   3,694   3,722   3,550   3,616
    20 years and over............................... 129,943 131,272 131,854 129,864 130,275 131,410 131,365 131,519 131,765
      20 to 24 years................................  13,148  13,197  13,302  13,256  13,372  13,568  13,510  13,458  13,420
      25 years and over............................. 116,795 118,075 118,552 116,573 116,892 117,876 117,932 117,984 118,332
        25 to 54 years..............................  97,047  97,030  97,483  96,907  96,491  96,957  96,942  97,042  97,341
          25 to 34 years............................  30,343  30,314  30,530  30,363  30,139  30,369  30,563  30,420  30,554
          35 to 44 years............................  35,512  34,952  35,143  35,368  34,942  35,125  34,803  34,910  34,986
          45 to 54 years............................  31,193  31,764  31,810  31,176  31,411  31,463  31,577  31,712  31,800
        55 years and over...........................  19,748  21,044  21,068  19,666  20,400  20,918  20,990  20,942  20,992
                                                                                                                            
  Men, 16 years and over............................  72,483  72,304  72,905  72,780  72,690  72,994  73,249  73,064  73,182
    16 to 19 years..................................   2,961   2,625   2,646   3,152   3,091   3,027   2,956   2,772   2,818
      16 to 17 years................................   1,037     944     952   1,148   1,102   1,203   1,157   1,056   1,052
      18 to 19 years................................   1,924   1,681   1,694   2,009   1,986   1,838   1,820   1,718   1,770
    20 years and over...............................  69,522  69,679  70,259  69,627  69,600  69,967  70,293  70,293  70,364
      20 to 24 years................................   6,861   6,970   7,022   6,952   7,024   7,183   7,215   7,206   7,116
      25 years and over.............................  62,661  62,709  63,237  62,680  62,579  62,814  63,151  63,050  63,266
        25 to 54 years..............................  51,922  51,548  51,994  51,977  51,566  51,687  51,925  51,885  52,057
          25 to 34 years............................  16,574  16,474  16,722  16,597  16,445  16,528  16,730  16,669  16,750
          35 to 44 years............................  19,037  18,627  18,763  19,013  18,749  18,824  18,729  18,719  18,735
          45 to 54 years............................  16,312  16,447  16,510  16,367  16,371  16,334  16,466  16,498  16,572
        55 years and over...........................  10,739  11,161  11,242  10,702  11,013  11,127  11,227  11,165  11,209
                                                                                                                            
  Women, 16 years and over..........................  63,420  64,479  64,519  63,416  63,749  64,542  64,159  64,284  64,505
    16 to 19 years..................................   2,998   2,887   2,924   3,179   3,073   3,098   3,086   3,057   3,104
      16 to 17 years................................   1,071   1,109   1,135   1,182   1,156   1,243   1,195   1,236   1,259
      18 to 19 years................................   1,926   1,778   1,789   1,988   1,935   1,856   1,902   1,833   1,845
    20 years and over...............................  60,422  61,592  61,595  60,237  60,676  61,443  61,073  61,227  61,401
      20 to 24 years................................   6,288   6,226   6,280   6,303   6,348   6,385   6,295   6,252   6,304
      25 years and over.............................  54,134  55,366  55,315  53,894  54,313  55,062  54,781  54,934  55,066
        25 to 54 years..............................  45,125  45,482  45,489  44,930  44,926  45,270  45,018  45,157  45,283
          25 to 34 years............................  13,769  13,840  13,808  13,766  13,693  13,841  13,834  13,752  13,804
          35 to 44 years............................  16,474  16,325  16,381  16,354  16,193  16,301  16,073  16,191  16,251
          45 to 54 years............................  14,881  15,318  15,300  14,809  15,039  15,129  15,111  15,214  15,228
        55 years and over...........................   9,009   9,884   9,826   8,964   9,387   9,792   9,763   9,777   9,783
                                                                                                                            
  Married men, spouse present.......................  43,944  44,146  44,486  44,021  44,005  44,401  44,587  44,415  44,552
  Married women, spouse present.....................  34,180  34,891  34,817  34,052  34,189  34,525  34,620  34,569  34,685
  Women who maintain families.......................   8,370   8,511   8,590   (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)  
                                                                                                                            
  Full-time workers (2)............................. 111,497 111,936 112,470 112,336 112,856 112,823 113,442 113,157 113,241
  Part-time workers (3).............................  24,405  24,847  24,955  23,804  23,629  24,400  23,830  24,068  24,355

    1 Data not available.
    2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
    3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
    NOTE:  Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the
  independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.  Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population
  controls used in the household survey.

 
 
 



  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                              HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-7.  Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                            Number of                                                       
                                                        unemployed persons                Unemployment rates (1)            
                                                          (in thousands)                                                    
                    Characteristic                                                                                          
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                       Apr.    Mar.    Apr.    Apr.    Dec.    Jan.    Feb.    Mar.    Apr. 
                                                       2002    2003    2003    2002    2002    2003    2003    2003    2003 
                                                                                                                            
  Total, 16 years and over..........................   8,567   8,445   8,786    5.9     6.0     5.7     5.8     5.8     6.0 
    16 to 19 years..................................   1,290   1,251   1,303   16.9    16.4    16.8    17.1    17.7    18.0 
      16 to 17 years................................     563     460     530   19.5    17.6    18.3    17.9    16.7    18.7 
      18 to 19 years................................     733     761     785   15.5    15.5    15.9    15.9    17.7    17.8 
    20 years and over...............................   7,277   7,194   7,483    5.3     5.4     5.1     5.2     5.2     5.4 
      20 to 24 years................................   1,456   1,310   1,501    9.9     9.7     9.3     9.3     8.9    10.1 
      25 years and over.............................   5,898   5,876   6,057    4.8     4.8     4.6     4.7     4.7     4.9 
        25 to 54 years..............................   4,970   5,061   5,045    4.9     5.0     4.7     4.9     5.0     4.9 
          25 to 34 years............................   1,939   1,844   1,887    6.0     6.2     5.9     5.6     5.7     5.8 
          35 to 44 years............................   1,712   1,747   1,753    4.6     4.8     4.5     5.2     4.8     4.8 
          45 to 54 years............................   1,319   1,469   1,404    4.1     4.1     3.8     3.9     4.4     4.2 
        55 years and over...........................     819     821     919    4.0     4.2     4.1     3.8     3.8     4.2 
                                                                                                                            
  Men, 16 years and over............................   4,607   4,674   4,940    6.0     6.2     6.0     6.0     6.0     6.3 
    16 to 19 years..................................     709     730     733   18.4    17.5    18.2    19.5    20.8    20.6 
      16 to 17 years................................     291     232     286   20.2    18.5    19.3    19.1    18.0    21.4 
      18 to 19 years................................     417     471     446   17.2    16.7    17.6    19.3    21.5    20.1 
    20 years and over...............................   3,898   3,944   4,207    5.3     5.6     5.4     5.3     5.3     5.6 
      20 to 24 years................................     801     685     853   10.3    10.2     9.7     9.2     8.7    10.7 
      25 years and over.............................   3,110   3,250   3,370    4.7     5.0     4.9     4.9     4.9     5.1 
        25 to 54 years..............................   2,636   2,754   2,828    4.8     5.2     5.0     5.0     5.0     5.2 
          25 to 34 years............................   1,033     987   1,033    5.9     6.1     6.2     5.5     5.6     5.8 
          35 to 44 years............................     882     953   1,008    4.4     4.8     4.7     5.1     4.8     5.1 
          45 to 54 years............................     721     814     786    4.2     4.6     4.2     4.5     4.7     4.5 
        55 years and over...........................     474     496     542    4.2     4.4     4.4     4.2     4.3     4.6 
                                                                                                                            
  Women, 16 years and over..........................   3,960   3,771   3,846    5.9     5.8     5.3     5.6     5.5     5.6 
    16 to 19 years..................................     581     521     570   15.5    15.2    15.5    14.8    14.6    15.5 
      16 to 17 years................................     272     227     244   18.7    16.6    17.3    16.8    15.5    16.2 
      18 to 19 years................................     316     291     339   13.7    14.2    14.1    12.3    13.7    15.5 
    20 years and over...............................   3,379   3,250   3,276    5.3     5.2     4.7     5.0     5.0     5.1 
      20 to 24 years................................     655     625     648    9.4     9.3     8.8     9.5     9.1     9.3 
      25 years and over.............................   2,788   2,627   2,687    4.9     4.6     4.2     4.5     4.6     4.7 
        25 to 54 years..............................   2,335   2,307   2,217    4.9     4.8     4.4     4.8     4.9     4.7 
          25 to 34 years............................     906     857     854    6.2     6.3     5.7     5.7     5.9     5.8 
          35 to 44 years............................     831     794     745    4.8     4.8     4.3     5.3     4.7     4.4 
          45 to 54 years............................     598     655     619    3.9     3.6     3.4     3.3     4.1     3.9 
        55 years and over (2).......................     316     339     344    3.4     3.8     4.1     3.3     3.3     3.4 
                                                                                                                            
  Married men, spouse present.......................   1,774   1,734   1,730    3.9     3.7     3.5     3.6     3.8     3.7 
  Married women, spouse present.....................   1,362   1,320   1,304    3.8     3.8     3.3     3.6     3.7     3.6 
  Women who maintain families (2)...................     747     782     795    8.2     7.9     8.0     9.0     8.4     8.5 
                                                                                                                            
  Full-time workers (3).............................   7,298   7,068   7,419    6.1     6.1     5.8     5.9     5.9     6.1 
  Part-time workers (4).............................   1,288   1,392   1,378    5.1     5.3     5.4     5.5     5.5     5.4 

    1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
    2 Not seasonally adjusted.
    3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or
  are on layoff from full-time jobs.
    4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week)
  or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
    NOTE:  Detail shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of
  the various series.  Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

 
 
 
 



  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                              HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-8.  Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                     Not seasonally adjusted               Seasonally adjusted              
                                                                                                                            
                        Reason                                                                                              
                                                                                                                            
                                                       Apr.    Mar.    Apr.    Apr.    Dec.    Jan.    Feb.    Mar.    Apr. 
                                                       2002    2003    2003    2002    2002    2003    2003    2003    2003 
                                                                                                                            
                 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED                                                                                       
                                                                                                                            
  Job losers and persons who completed temporary                                                                            
    jobs............................................   4,550   5,150   4,716   4,599   4,863   4,583   4,756   4,613   4,765
    On temporary layoff.............................   1,097   1,402   1,076   1,121   1,110   1,080   1,142   1,157   1,101
    Not on temporary layoff.........................   3,453   3,749   3,640   3,478   3,753   3,503   3,614   3,456   3,664
      Permanent job losers..........................   2,715   2,837   2,786   (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)  
      Persons who completed temporary jobs..........     738     912     854   (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)  
  Job leavers.......................................     953     828     786   1,002     862     825     772     794     829
  Reentrants........................................   2,276   2,478   2,421   2,412   2,462   2,331   2,395   2,391   2,558
  New entrants......................................     477     561     578     530     534     616     579     626     642
                                                                                                                            
                 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION                                                                                       
                                                                                                                            
  Total unemployed..................................   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0
   Job losers and persons who completed temporary                                                                           
     jobs...........................................    55.1    57.1    55.5    53.8    55.8    54.9    55.9    54.8    54.2
     On temporary layoff............................    13.3    15.5    12.7    13.1    12.7    12.9    13.4    13.7    12.5
     Not on temporary layoff........................    41.8    41.6    42.8    40.7    43.0    41.9    42.5    41.0    41.7
   Job leavers......................................    11.5     9.2     9.2    11.7     9.9     9.9     9.1     9.4     9.4
   Reentrants.......................................    27.6    27.5    28.5    28.2    28.2    27.9    28.2    28.4    29.1
   New entrants.....................................     5.8     6.2     6.8     6.2     6.1     7.4     6.8     7.4     7.3
                                                                                                                            
            UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE                                                                                  
                   CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE                                                                                     
                                                                                                                            
   Job losers and persons who completed temporary                                                                           
     jobs...........................................     3.2     3.5     3.2     3.2     3.4     3.1     3.3     3.2     3.3
   Job leavers......................................      .7      .6      .5      .7      .6      .6      .5      .5      .6
   Reentrants.......................................     1.6     1.7     1.7     1.7     1.7     1.6     1.6     1.6     1.7
   New entrants.....................................      .3      .4      .4      .4      .4      .4      .4      .4      .4

    1 Data not available.
    NOTE:  Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.






  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                              HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-9.  Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                     Not seasonally adjusted               Seasonally adjusted              
                                                                                                                            
                       Duration                                                                                             
                                                                                                                            
                                                       Apr.    Mar.    Apr.    Apr.    Dec.    Jan.    Feb.    Mar.    Apr. 
                                                       2002    2003    2003    2002    2002    2003    2003    2003    2003 
                                                                                                                            
                 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED                                                                                       
                                                                                                                            
  Less than 5 weeks.................................   2,542   2,595   2,443   2,934   2,860   2,772   2,749   2,780   2,814
  5 to 14 weeks.....................................   2,608   2,825   2,408   2,851   2,547   2,577   2,565   2,473   2,630
  15 weeks and over.................................   3,105   3,598   3,650   2,810   3,296   3,140   3,155   3,104   3,294
     15 to 26 weeks.................................   1,595   1,703   1,644   1,364   1,392   1,457   1,281   1,316   1,392
     27 weeks and over..............................   1,510   1,896   2,005   1,446   1,904   1,683   1,874   1,788   1,903
                                                                                                                            
  Average (mean) duration, in weeks.................    17.2    18.9    20.6    16.3    18.4    18.4    18.6    18.0    19.6
  Median duration, in weeks.........................    10.4    11.2    12.0     8.8     9.6     9.8     9.4     9.6    10.2
                                                                                                                            
                 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION                                                                                       
                                                                                                                            
  Total unemployed..................................   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0
    Less than 5 weeks...............................    30.8    28.8    28.7    34.1    32.9    32.6    32.5    33.3    32.2
    5 to 14 weeks...................................    31.6    31.3    28.3    33.2    29.3    30.4    30.3    29.6    30.1
    15 weeks and over...............................    37.6    39.9    42.9    32.7    37.9    37.0    37.3    37.1    37.7
      15 to 26 weeks................................    19.3    18.9    19.3    15.9    16.0    17.2    15.1    15.7    15.9
      27 weeks and over.............................    18.3    21.0    23.6    16.8    21.9    19.8    22.1    21.4    21.8

   NOTE:  Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
 
 
 


  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                       HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-10.  Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                     Unemployment    
                                                                           Employed             Unemployed              rates        
                                                                                                                                     
                             Occupation                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                     
                                                                       Apr.       Apr.        Apr.       Apr.        Apr.       Apr.   
                                                                       2002       2003        2002       2003        2002       2003   
                                                                                                                                     
       Total, 16 years and over (1)................................   135,903    137,424      8,255      8,501        5.7        5.8 
  Management, professional, and related occupations................    47,515     48,050      1,302      1,438        2.7        2.9 
    Management, business, and financial operations occupations.....    20,053     20,022        585        558        2.8        2.7 
    Professional and related occupations...........................    27,461     28,027        717        879        2.5        3.0 
  Service occupations..............................................    21,603     22,073      1,462      1,687        6.3        7.1 
  Sales and office occupations.....................................    34,956     35,696      2,198      1,988        5.9        5.3 
    Sales and related occupations..................................    15,445     15,965      1,073        886        6.5        5.3 
    Office and administrative support occupations..................    19,511     19,731      1,125      1,103        5.5        5.3 
  Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations.....    13,156     13,552      1,186      1,230        8.3        8.3 
    Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.....................     1,105        922        152        133       12.1       12.6 
    Construction and extraction occupations........................     7,562      7,761        825        829        9.8        9.6 
    Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations..............     4,489      4,870        209        268        4.4        5.2 
  Production, transportation, and material moving occupations......    18,674     18,054      1,621      1,562        8.0        8.0 
    Production occupations.........................................    10,150      9,771        945        817        8.5        7.7 
    Transportation and material moving occupations.................     8,524      8,283        676        745        7.3        8.3 

    1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed
  total.
    NOTE:  Occupations reflect the introduction of the 2002 Census occupational classification system derived from the 2000 Standard
  Occupational Classification system into the Current Population Survey.  Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population
  controls used in the household survey.
  
 
 
 
 






  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                      HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-11.  Unemployed persons by industry, not seasonally adjusted
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                    Number of                                                       
                                                                    unemployed                             Unemployment             
                                                                     persons                                  rates                 
                       Industry                                   (in thousands)                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                    
                                                             Apr.                Apr.                 Apr.                Apr.       
                                                             2002                2003                 2002                2003       
                                                                                                                                    
         Total, 16 years and over (1)...............         8,255               8,501                 5.7                 5.8      
  Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers...         6,926               7,082                 6.2                 6.2      
    Mining..........................................            33                  41                 6.1                 7.7      
    Construction....................................           855                 772                10.1                 9.3      
    Manufacturing...................................         1,322               1,199                 7.2                 6.7      
      Durable goods.................................           861                 799                 7.5                 7.3      
      Nondurable goods..............................           461                 400                 6.8                 5.8      
    Wholesale and retail trade......................         1,222               1,201                 6.4                 6.0      
    Transportation and utilities....................           280                 274                 5.0                 5.0      
    Information.....................................           257                 268                 6.9                 7.3      
    Financial activities............................           292                 323                 3.3                 3.6      
    Professional and business services..............           951               1,076                 7.3                 8.3      
    Education and health services...................           493                 611                 2.9                 3.4      
    Leisure and hospitality.........................           953                 986                 8.4                 8.5      
    Other services..................................           268                 331                 4.6                 5.5      
  Agriculture and related private wage and salary                                                                                   
    workers.........................................           151                 154                10.8                12.0      
  Government workers................................           447                 440                 2.2                 2.2      
  Self employed and unpaid family workers...........           255                 248                 2.5                 2.4      

    1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total.
    NOTE:  Industries reflect the introduction of the 2002 Census industry classification system derived from the 2002 North
  American Industry Classification System into the Current Population Survey.  Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised
  population controls used in the household survey.
 
 
 
 

  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                        HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-12.  Alternative measures of labor underutilization

  (Percent)
                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                      
                                                               Not seasonally adjusted               Seasonally adjusted              
                                                                                                                                      
                            Measure                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                      
                                                                 Apr.    Mar.    Apr.    Apr.    Dec.    Jan.    Feb.    Mar.    Apr. 
                                                                 2002    2003    2003    2002    2002    2003    2003    2003    2003 
                                                                                                                                      
  U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of                                                                          
     the civilian labor force.................................    2.2     2.5     2.5     1.9     2.3     2.2     2.2     2.1     2.2 
                                                                                                                                      
  U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as                                                                         
     a percent of the civilian labor force....................    3.2     3.5     3.2     3.2     3.4     3.1     3.3     3.2     3.3 
                                                                                                                                      
  U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor                                                                            
     force (official unemployment rate).......................    5.7     6.2     5.8     5.9     6.0     5.7     5.8     5.8     6.0 
                                                                                                                                      
  U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent                                                                         
     of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.....    5.9     6.5     6.1    (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)  
                                                                                                                                      
  U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all                
     other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the                
     civilian labor force plus all marginally attached 
     workers..................................................    6.6     7.2     6.7    (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)  
                                                                                                                                      
  U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,             
     plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a                  
     percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally                      
     attached workers.........................................    9.4    10.4     9.8    (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)  

    1 Data not available.
    NOTE:  Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want
  and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past.  Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally
  attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.  Persons employed part time for economic
  reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule.  For further
  information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor
  Review.  Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
 
 



  HOUSEHOLD DATA                                                                                                  HOUSEHOLD DATA
  
  Table A-13.  Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

  (Numbers in thousands)
                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
                                                                            Total                Men                Women       
                                                                                                                                
                               Category                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
                                                                        Apr.      Apr.      Apr.      Apr.      Apr.      Apr.  
                                                                        2002      2003      2002      2003      2002      2003  
                                                                                                                                
                        NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
  Total not in the labor force......................................   72,848    74,615    27,267    28,327    45,580    46,288 
    Persons who currently want a job................................    4,554     4,373     2,041     1,953     2,513     2,421 
     Searched for work and available to work now (1)................    1,397     1,399       725       695       673       704 
          Reason not currently looking:                                                                                         
            Discouragement over job prospects (2)...................      320       437       207       254       112       183 
               Reasons other than discouragement (3)................    1,078       962       517       440       560       521 
                                                                                                                                
                         MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
  Total multiple jobholders (4).....................................    7,336     7,181     3,817     3,756     3,519     3,425 
      Percent of total employed.....................................      5.4       5.2       5.3       5.2       5.5       5.3 
                                                                                                                                
      Primary job full time, secondary job part time................    4,036     3,758     2,299     2,190     1,737     1,569 
      Primary and secondary jobs both part time.....................    1,543     1,652       515       572     1,029     1,080 
      Primary and secondary jobs both full time.....................      299       279       202       185        96        94 
      Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................    1,431     1,443       786       783       645       660 

    1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
  reference week.
    2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
  other types of discrimination.
    3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
  problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
    4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
    NOTE:  Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

 
 
 
 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                                    ESTABLISHMENT DATA


Table B-1.  Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry

(In thousands)
                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                        
                                             Not seasonally adjusted                   Seasonally adjusted              
                                                                                                                        
                Industry                                                                                                
                                           Apr.    Feb.   Mar.    Apr.     Apr.    Dec.    Jan.    Feb.   Mar.    Apr. 
                                           2002    2003   2003p   2003p    2002    2002    2003    2003   2003p   2003p 
                                                                                                                        
          Total......................... 130,608 129,080 129,564 130,278 130,680 130,670 130,873 130,520 130,396 130,348
                                                                                                                        
       Total private.................... 109,013 107,383 107,782 108,490 109,495 109,311 109,506 109,136 109,048 108,968
                                                                                                                        
Goods-producing.........................  23,701  22,889  22,972  23,145  23,905  23,551  23,563  23,463  23,439  23,366
                                                                                                                        
  Mining................................     557     541     544     554     564     553     552     555     555     559
    Metal mining........................    32.1    31.0    31.3    31.1      32      32      32      32      32      31
    Coal mining.........................    80.5    77.9    78.0    79.1      81      78      78      78      78      79
    Oil and gas extraction..............   333.9   333.8   335.0   338.0     339     335     335     339     341     342
    Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels..   110.6    98.0    99.7   106.1     112     108     107     106     104     107
                                                                                                                        
  Construction..........................   6,400   6,061   6,164   6,403   6,541   6,544   6,564   6,519   6,538   6,556
    General building contractors........ 1,416.4 1,393.7 1,407.5 1,445.8   1,452   1,476   1,471   1,464   1,471   1,484
    Heavy construction, except building.   875.0   762.7   777.7   844.4     901     880     897     880     871     870
    Special trade contractors........... 4,108.6 3,904.9 3,978.6 4,112.3   4,188   4,188   4,196   4,175   4,196   4,202
                                                                                                                        
  Manufacturing.........................  16,744  16,287  16,264  16,188  16,800  16,454  16,447  16,389  16,346  16,251
      Production workers................  11,220  10,905  10,884  10,819  11,250  11,030  11,045  10,990  10,948  10,865
                                                                                                                        
   Durable goods........................   9,962   9,584   9,570   9,522   9,976   9,699   9,689   9,638   9,609   9,538
      Production workers................   6,620   6,362   6,348   6,303   6,620   6,445   6,456   6,405   6,376   6,310
    Lumber and wood products............   756.6   744.5   740.2   738.4     767     758     760     759     756     749
    Furniture and fixtures..............   499.0   473.7   473.8   469.6     497     480     479     476     473     467
    Stone, clay, and glass products.....   548.7   535.9   538.1   545.5     551     553     556     553     549     549
    Primary metal industries............   596.7   574.1   573.2   571.7     598     579     581     576     576     573
      Blast furnaces and basic steel                                                                                    
         products.......................   187.0   182.6   182.2   182.3   (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)  
    Fabricated metal products........... 1,422.8 1,370.4 1,370.5 1,361.2   1,425   1,391   1,387   1,374   1,376   1,364
    Industrial machinery and equipment.. 1,844.4 1,757.9 1,753.8 1,749.1   1,842   1,781   1,770   1,758   1,750   1,746
      Computer and office equipment.....   310.7   283.2   281.9   280.8     313     291     287     284     282     283
    Electronic and other electrical                                                                                     
       equipment........................ 1,441.7 1,344.2 1,339.8 1,329.7   1,443   1,360   1,355   1,344   1,339   1,330
      Electronic components and                                                                                         
         accessories....................   566.5   523.6   521.5   518.3     566     532     528     523     521     518
    Transportation equipment............ 1,672.3 1,632.2 1,631.5 1,608.4   1,671   1,638   1,640   1,643   1,637   1,610
      Motor vehicles and equipment......   913.7   903.5   905.8   885.3     912     900     911     906     907     884
      Aircraft and parts................   414.2   384.0   381.7   380.4     416     392     389     386     384     383
    Instruments and related products....   809.2   786.3   783.7   782.0     811     790     792     788     786     783
    Miscellaneous manufacturing.........   370.2   364.6   365.0   366.1     371     369     369     367     367     367
                                                                                                                        
   Nondurable goods.....................   6,782   6,703   6,694   6,666   6,824   6,755   6,758   6,751   6,737   6,713
      Production workers................   4,600   4,543   4,536   4,516   4,630   4,585   4,589   4,585   4,572   4,555
    Food and kindred products........... 1,657.0 1,665.3 1,660.7 1,664.1   1,689   1,689   1,695   1,694   1,692   1,695
    Tobacco products....................    32.3    33.6    32.4    30.4      33      36      34      34      33      32
    Textile mill products...............   435.4   416.1   413.8   408.4     436     422     420     419     415     409
    Apparel and other textile products..   523.5   498.8   501.6   493.7     523     507     504     504     502     495
    Paper and allied products...........   612.2   601.9   600.8   593.4     615     607     606     604     602     597
    Printing and publishing............. 1,408.6 1,395.3 1,395.8 1,388.9   1,413   1,393   1,395   1,398   1,399   1,395
    Chemicals and allied products....... 1,006.7 1,003.3   999.1   999.0   1,008   1,007   1,006   1,005   1,000   1,001
    Petroleum and coal products.........   124.3   121.3   122.4   123.3     125     125     125     125     125     124
    Rubber and misc. plastics products..   927.0   915.7   915.5   913.5     927     916     919     917     917     914
    Leather and leather products........    55.2    51.3    51.7    51.0      55      53      54      51      52      51
                                                                                                                        
Service-producing....................... 106,907 106,191 106,592 107,133 106,775 107,119 107,310 107,057 106,957 106,982
                                                                                                                        
  Transportation and public utilities...   6,765   6,585   6,592   6,591   6,799   6,686   6,694   6,655   6,646   6,627
    Transportation......................   4,303   4,216   4,218   4,213   4,330   4,273   4,301   4,277   4,265   4,242
      Railroad transportation...........   230.5   222.6   223.2   225.3     230     225     224     224     224     225
      Local and interurban passenger                                                                                    
         transit........................   488.1   478.0   477.5   478.0     476     466     465     468     463     466
      Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,808.2 1,772.9 1,783.5 1,788.2   1,830   1,827   1,825   1,810   1,816   1,809
      Water transportation..............   185.4   177.7   176.4   183.4     190     191     191     190     187     188
      Transportation by air............. 1,150.9 1,134.7 1,128.0 1,110.4   1,162   1,127   1,158   1,151   1,144   1,126
      Pipelines, except natural gas.....    14.8    15.7    15.5    15.4      15      15      15      16      16      15
      Transportation services...........   425.3   414.1   414.0   412.2     427     422     423     418     415     413
    Communications and public utilities.   2,462   2,369   2,374   2,378   2,469   2,413   2,393   2,378   2,381   2,385
      Communications.................... 1,625.1 1,542.4 1,545.3 1,547.0   1,628   1,576   1,559   1,547   1,549   1,551
      Electric, gas, and sanitary                                                                                       
         services.......................   837.0   826.1   828.2   830.7     841     837     834     831     832     834
                                                                                                                        
  Wholesale trade.......................   6,662   6,583   6,598   6,611   6,678   6,637   6,639   6,636   6,636   6,630
    Durable goods.......................   3,901   3,847   3,853   3,857   3,908   3,880   3,876   3,871   3,872   3,868
    Nondurable goods....................   2,761   2,736   2,745   2,754   2,770   2,757   2,763   2,765   2,764   2,762
  Retail trade..........................  23,110  22,606  22,681  22,886  23,345  23,152  23,271  23,150  23,117  23,107
    Building materials and garden                                                                                       
       supplies......................... 1,074.2 1,015.4 1,039.0 1,090.5   1,061   1,077   1,083   1,078   1,075   1,076
    General merchandise stores.......... 2,823.0 2,761.6 2,763.9 2,751.1   2,915   2,821   2,831   2,858   2,854   2,825
      Department stores................. 2,494.2 2,426.0 2,428.6 2,411.3   2,575   2,488   2,498   2,523   2,508   2,474
    Food stores......................... 3,363.5 3,331.7 3,319.6 3,328.1   3,392   3,365   3,370   3,363   3,367   3,360
    Automotive dealers and service                                                                                      
       stations......................... 2,421.1 2,383.7 2,391.0 2,401.8   2,429   2,420   2,416   2,412   2,413   2,412
      New and used car dealers.......... 1,127.2 1,111.9 1,112.6 1,110.9   1,129   1,123   1,118   1,116   1,116   1,113
    Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,140.9 1,117.0 1,121.0 1,131.4   1,170   1,174   1,174   1,156   1,158   1,161
    Furniture and home furnishings                                                                                      
       stores........................... 1,127.7 1,150.7 1,143.1 1,137.8   1,141   1,175   1,166   1,153   1,151   1,151
    Eating and drinking places.......... 8,136.7 7,799.4 7,882.0 8,029.1   8,152   8,063   8,146   8,047   8,016   8,044
    Miscellaneous retail establishments. 3,022.6 3,046.2 3,020.9 3,016.0   3,085   3,057   3,085   3,083   3,083   3,078
                                                                                                                        
  Finance, insurance, and real estate...   7,714   7,786   7,800   7,818   7,743   7,816   7,817   7,829   7,836   7,843
    Finance.............................   3,804   3,870   3,875   3,881   3,813   3,861   3,869   3,876   3,882   3,890
      Depository institutions........... 2,068.5 2,079.5 2,085.6 2,085.5   2,075   2,079   2,083   2,084   2,089   2,092
        Commercial banks................ 1,442.1 1,448.9 1,451.9 1,454.0   1,446   1,449   1,453   1,453   1,455   1,458
        Savings institutions............   263.3   261.7   262.9   260.8     264     261     260     262     262     261
      Nondepository institutions........   754.8   825.9   824.7   828.4     756     809     816     823     824     829
        Mortgage bankers and brokers....   360.0   421.7   421.8   424.8     360     408     415     423     423     425
      Security and commodity brokers....   720.6   706.0   702.8   703.4     723     709     711     711     707     705
      Holding and other investment                                                                                      
         offices........................   259.7   258.6   261.8   263.4     259     264     259     258     262     264
    Insurance...........................   2,368   2,376   2,378   2,375   2,374   2,375   2,378   2,380   2,378   2,379
      Insurance carriers................ 1,585.9 1,581.7 1,584.8 1,580.9   1,589   1,578   1,582   1,585   1,585   1,582
      Insurance agents, brokers, and                                                                                    
         service........................   782.1   794.1   793.5   793.8     785     797     796     795     793     797
    Real estate.........................   1,542   1,540   1,547   1,562   1,556   1,580   1,570   1,573   1,576   1,574
                                                                                                                        
  Services2.............................  41,061  40,934  41,139  41,439  41,025  41,469  41,522  41,403  41,374  41,395
    Agricultural services...............   870.3   754.6   781.4   889.3     857     880     882     878     866     879
    Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,753.8 1,701.2 1,711.5 1,715.7   1,796   1,807   1,811   1,794   1,779   1,759
    Personal services................... 1,355.5 1,348.4 1,341.4 1,346.4   1,286   1,292   1,281   1,275   1,272   1,278
    Business services................... 9,201.9 9,070.8 9,105.0 9,149.3   9,312   9,311   9,292   9,267   9,240   9,244
      Services to buildings............. 1,025.6 1,025.3 1,031.8 1,042.9   1,027   1,044   1,044   1,038   1,041   1,045
      Personnel supply services......... 3,085.0 2,979.5 3,015.2 3,033.9   3,175   3,175   3,173   3,163   3,131   3,112
        Help supply services............ 2,770.5 2,681.1 2,713.1 2,732.2   2,857   2,866   2,871   2,875   2,821   2,807
      Computer and data processing                                                                                      
         services....................... 2,191.8 2,184.3 2,173.7 2,171.7   2,190   2,187   2,183   2,181   2,169   2,172
    Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,262.1 1,260.3 1,266.2 1,265.0   1,261   1,268   1,274   1,263   1,268   1,264
    Miscellaneous repair services.......   376.5   370.5   369.4   373.6     377     376     378     374     372     374
    Motion pictures.....................   573.0   578.5   578.4   581.4     574     583     581     582     580     584
    Amusement and recreation services... 1,585.2 1,439.4 1,476.7 1,555.9   1,611   1,653   1,659   1,637   1,627   1,586
    Health services..................... 10591.5 10775.8 10805.5 10811.1  10,611  10,787  10,805  10,801  10,820  10,833
      Offices and clinics of medical                                                                                    
         doctors........................ 2,040.3 2,085.1 2,089.3 2,089.0   2,044   2,092   2,089   2,091   2,094   2,094
      Nursing and personal care                                                                                         
         facilities..................... 1,878.0 1,896.8 1,901.3 1,903.9   1,883   1,904   1,905   1,902   1,903   1,908
      Hospitals......................... 4,190.4 4,277.1 4,286.7 4,280.1   4,199   4,269   4,278   4,283   4,291   4,291
      Home health care services.........   643.1   655.0   661.5   667.1     643     657     658     659     662     667
    Legal services...................... 1,050.6 1,083.7 1,086.2 1,090.0   1,059   1,081   1,087   1,091   1,093   1,099
    Educational services................ 2,649.8 2,722.0 2,743.4 2,760.3   2,501   2,582   2,611   2,580   2,588   2,604
    Social services..................... 3,186.2 3,220.4 3,237.9 3,254.1   3,167   3,209   3,222   3,217   3,224   3,234
      Child day care services...........   745.4   740.8   746.4   750.5     725     725     730     729     729     730
      Residential care..................   899.8   911.5   916.7   920.6     903     915     912     915     919     923
    Museums and botanical and zoological                                                                                
      gardens...........................   106.8    97.1    98.6   102.1     109     106     107     107     105     104
    Membership organizations............ 2,465.3 2,452.9 2,464.6 2,462.7   2,477   2,476   2,475   2,473   2,476   2,475
    Engineering and management services. 3,641.8 3,670.1 3,685.6 3,694.9   3,636   3,669   3,668   3,675   3,676   3,690
      Engineering and architectural                                                                                     
         services....................... 1,031.4 1,008.0 1,006.6 1,010.2   1,041   1,028   1,022   1,021   1,017   1,020
      Management and public relations... 1,199.0 1,225.9 1,231.3 1,238.8   1,202   1,232   1,235   1,234   1,237   1,242
    Services, nec.......................    46.4    44.1    43.6    43.8   (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)     (1)  
                                                                                                                        
  Government............................  21,595  21,697  21,782  21,788  21,185  21,359  21,367  21,384  21,348  21,380
    Federal.............................   2,603   2,648   2,645   2,649   2,610   2,664   2,665   2,661   2,654   2,654
      Federal, except Postal Service.... 1,781.1 1,847.3 1,847.5 1,852.8   1,784   1,856   1,855   1,858   1,853   1,855
    State...............................   5,080   5,064   5,091   5,092   4,942   4,953   4,930   4,959   4,955   4,952
      Education......................... 2,284.9 2,297.7 2,326.1 2,325.1   2,135   2,166   2,144   2,174   2,174   2,175
      Other State government............ 2,794.7 2,765.9 2,764.9 2,766.7   2,807   2,787   2,786   2,785   2,781   2,777
    Local...............................  13,912  13,985  14,046  14,047  13,633  13,742  13,772  13,764  13,739  13,774
      Education......................... 8,126.3 8,189.6 8,236.8 8,214.6   7,754   7,813   7,842   7,838   7,819   7,847
      Other local government............ 5,785.7 5,795.8 5,808.9 5,832.0   5,879   5,929   5,930   5,926   5,920   5,927

  1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
  2 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
  p = preliminary.
   
 
 
 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                                    ESTABLISHMENT DATA


Table B-2.  Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                        
                                             Not seasonally adjusted                   Seasonally adjusted              
                                                                                                                        
                Industry                                                                                                
                                           Apr.    Feb.    Mar.    Apr.    Apr.    Dec.    Jan.    Feb.    Mar.    Apr. 
                                           2002    2003    2003p   2003p   2002    2002    2003    2003    2003p   2003p 
                                                                                                                        
       Total private....................   33.9    34.0    34.2    33.8    34.2    34.1    34.3    34.1    34.3    34.0 
                                                                                                                        
Goods-producing.........................   40.2    39.4    40.0    39.6    40.4    40.2    40.5    39.9    40.3    39.8 
                                                                                                                        
  Mining................................   42.4    42.1    42.6    42.7    42.4    42.1    42.8    42.8    43.1    42.8 
                                                                                                                        
  Construction..........................   38.7    36.6    38.4    37.7    39.0    38.4    39.4    37.4    39.0    38.0 
                                                                                                                        
  Manufacturing.........................   40.8    40.4    40.7    40.4    40.9    40.9    40.9    40.8    40.8    40.5 
      Overtime hours....................    4.0     3.7     3.9     3.7     4.2     4.2     4.1     4.1     4.0     3.9 
                                                                                                                        
   Durable goods........................   41.3    40.9    41.0    40.8    41.4    41.3    41.4    41.3    41.1    40.9 
      Overtime hours....................    4.0     3.8     3.9     3.8     4.1     4.2     4.1     4.1     4.0     3.9 
                                                                                                                        
    Lumber and wood products............   40.9    40.2    40.6    40.8    40.8    41.2    41.1    40.9    40.9    40.8 
    Furniture and fixtures..............   40.4    39.6    39.7    38.9    40.8    40.7    40.3    39.9    39.7    39.1 
    Stone, clay, and glass products.....   43.5    42.0    43.0    42.9    43.8    43.1    43.5    43.2    43.9    43.1 
    Primary metal industries............   44.2    44.4    44.9    44.3    44.3    44.7    44.3    44.8    45.1    44.3 
      Blast furnaces and basic steel                                                                                    
         products.......................   45.3    44.7    45.4    45.5    45.1    46.5    44.8    45.1    45.6    45.5 
    Fabricated metal products...........   41.4    41.0    41.0    40.9    41.6    41.2    41.6    41.4    41.1    41.1 
    Industrial machinery and equipment..   40.5    41.2    41.2    40.9    40.6    40.6    41.0    41.3    41.0    40.9 
    Electronic and other electrical                                                                                     
       equipment........................   39.1    38.7    38.7    38.5    39.5    39.0    38.5    38.9    38.7    38.8 
    Transportation equipment............   42.9    41.8    41.6    41.6    42.6    42.5    43.1    42.2    41.5    41.4 
      Motor vehicles and equipment......   44.9    43.1    42.8    42.9    44.4    44.4    45.2    43.5    42.7    42.2 
    Instruments and related products....   40.2    40.5    40.8    40.4    40.4    40.9    40.7    40.5    40.6    40.6 
    Miscellaneous manufacturing.........   38.8    37.9    38.9    38.5    38.8    38.8    38.9    38.1    38.6    38.4 
                                                                                                                        
   Nondurable goods.....................   40.1    39.8    40.1    39.7    40.3    40.4    40.1    40.3    40.3    40.0 
      Overtime hours....................    3.9     3.7     3.8     3.6     4.3     4.2     4.0     4.1     4.0     3.9 
                                                                                                                        
    Food and kindred products...........   40.5    39.9    40.5    40.2    41.2    41.4    40.8    40.7    41.2    40.9 
    Tobacco products....................   40.9    40.0    40.0    41.1    41.3    39.5    40.6    41.2    40.6    41.3 
    Textile mill products...............   41.7    40.4    40.4    40.2    41.5    41.2    40.5    40.7    40.3    39.9 
    Apparel and other textile products..   37.2    36.4    36.5    36.4    37.1    36.7    36.6    36.5    36.4    36.2 
    Paper and allied products...........   41.4    41.6    41.5    41.3    41.6    41.8    41.8    42.2    41.8    41.5 
    Printing and publishing.............   37.1    37.9    38.1    37.7    37.2    37.7    38.0    38.3    38.0    37.9 
    Chemicals and allied products.......   41.8    42.2    42.2    41.4    41.8    42.1    41.8    42.4    42.3    41.5 
    Petroleum and coal products.........   40.2    42.6    43.1    42.0    (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)     (2)  
    Rubber and misc. plastics products..   41.3    40.2    40.5    40.1    41.6    40.8    40.6    40.4    40.5    40.1 
    Leather and leather products........   37.4    36.8    36.8    36.6    37.5    37.1    37.0    37.0    36.9    36.4 
                                                                                                                        
Service-producing.......................   32.5    32.8    32.9    32.5    32.7    32.8    32.9    32.8    32.9    32.7 
                                                                                                                        
  Transportation and public utilities...   37.9    38.1    38.3    38.0    38.2    38.3    38.3    38.2    38.6    38.3 
                                                                                                                        
  Wholesale trade.......................   38.2    38.5    38.5    38.1    38.3    38.5    38.4    38.4    38.4    38.2 
                                                                                                                        
  Retail trade..........................   28.7    28.9    29.1    28.9    29.0    29.2    29.3    29.1    29.3    29.2 
                                                                                                                        
  Finance, insurance, and real estate...   35.8    37.0    37.0    36.1    36.1    36.0    36.3    36.3    36.6    36.4 
                                                                                                                        
  Services..............................   32.4    32.8    32.8    32.3    32.6    32.6    32.7    32.6    32.7    32.5 

  1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services.  These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
  2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
  p = preliminary.
   
 
 
 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                                    ESTABLISHMENT DATA


Table B-3.  Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                        
                                                 Average hourly earnings                 Average weekly earnings        
                                                                                                                        
                Industry                                                                                                
                                            Apr.      Feb.     Mar.      Apr.       Apr.      Feb.     Mar.      Apr.  
                                            2002      2003     2003p     2003p      2002      2003     2003p     2003p  
                                                                                                                        
       Total private....................  $14.69    $15.16    $15.15    $15.13    $497.99   $515.44   $518.13   $511.39 
        Seasonally adjusted.............   14.66     15.08     15.09     15.11     501.37    514.23    517.59    513.74 
                                                                                                                        
Goods-producing.........................   16.27     16.55     16.62     16.68     654.05    652.07    664.80    660.53 
                                                                                                                        
  Mining................................   17.70     18.14     18.20     18.14     750.48    763.69    775.32    774.58 
                                                                                                                        
  Construction..........................   18.70     19.05     19.09     19.14     723.69    697.23    733.06    721.58 
                                                                                                                        
  Manufacturing.........................   15.20     15.54     15.56     15.58     620.16    627.82    633.29    629.43 
                                                                                                                        
   Durable goods........................   15.66     16.03     16.04     16.05     646.76    655.63    657.64    654.84 
    Lumber and wood products............   12.33     12.68     12.66     12.68     504.30    509.74    514.00    517.34 
    Furniture and fixtures..............   12.54     12.79     12.76     12.77     506.62    506.48    506.57    496.75 
    Stone, clay, and glass products.....   15.35     15.66     15.77     15.95     667.73    657.72    678.11    684.26 
    Primary metal industries............   17.25     17.63     17.57     17.66     762.45    782.77    788.89    782.34 
      Blast furnaces and basic steel                                                                                    
         products.......................   20.69     21.26     21.20     21.26     937.26    950.32    962.48    967.33 
    Fabricated metal products...........   14.66     14.97     15.02     15.01     606.92    613.77    615.82    613.91 
    Industrial machinery and equipment..   16.30     16.65     16.68     16.68     660.15    685.98    687.22    682.21 
    Electronic and other electrical                                                                                     
       equipment........................   14.87     15.22     15.23     15.24     581.42    589.01    589.40    586.74 
    Transportation equipment............   19.68     20.23     20.24     20.20     844.27    845.61    841.98    840.32 
      Motor vehicles and equipment......   20.22     20.87     20.90     20.88     907.88    899.50    894.52    895.75 
    Instruments and related products....   15.11     15.55     15.57     15.60     607.42    629.78    635.26    630.24 
    Miscellaneous manufacturing.........   12.36     12.49     12.56     12.47     479.57    473.37    488.58    480.10 
                                                                                                                        
   Nondurable goods.....................   14.53     14.84     14.87     14.91     582.65    590.63    596.29    591.93 
    Food and kindred products...........   13.18     13.25     13.31     13.39     533.79    528.68    539.06    538.28 
    Tobacco products....................   22.80     21.76     22.58     23.39     932.52    870.40    903.20    961.33 
    Textile mill products...............   11.65     11.85     11.83     11.84     485.81    478.74    477.93    475.97 
    Apparel and other textile products..    9.93      9.94     10.00      9.99     369.40    361.82    365.00    363.64 
    Paper and allied products...........   17.33     17.76     17.75     17.81     717.46    738.82    736.63    735.55 
    Printing and publishing.............   15.11     15.46     15.52     15.61     560.58    585.93    591.31    588.50 
    Chemicals and allied products.......   19.01     19.49     19.50     19.47     794.62    822.48    822.90    806.06 
    Petroleum and coal products.........   22.39     22.95     22.89     22.66     900.08    977.67    986.56    951.72 
    Rubber and misc. plastics products..   13.68     14.02     14.05     14.09     564.98    563.60    569.03    565.01 
    Leather and leather products........   10.39     10.37     10.27     10.36     388.59    381.62    377.94    379.18 
                                                                                                                        
Service-producing.......................   14.24     14.79     14.76     14.71     462.80    485.11    485.60    478.08 
                                                                                                                        
  Transportation and public utilities...   17.26     17.64     17.59     17.64     654.15    672.08    673.70    670.32 
                                                                                                                        
  Wholesale trade.......................   16.11     16.54     16.49     16.46     615.40    636.79    634.87    627.13 
                                                                                                                        
  Retail trade..........................   10.00     10.25     10.24     10.27     287.00    296.23    297.98    296.80 
                                                                                                                        
  Finance, insurance, and real estate...   16.23     16.98     17.01     16.95     581.03    628.26    629.37    611.90 
                                                                                                                        
  Services..............................   15.16     15.81     15.78     15.71     491.18    518.57    517.58    507.43 

  1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
  p = preliminary.
   
 
 
 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                              ESTABLISHMENT DATA


Table B-4.  Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted
                                                                                                  
                                                                                                  
                                                                                         Percent  
                                    Apr.     Dec.     Jan.     Feb.     Mar.     Apr.     change  
            Industry                2002     2002     2003     2003     2003p    2003p    from:   
                                                                                        Mar. 2003-
                                                                                        Apr. 2003 
                                                                                                  
Total private:                                                                                    
   Current dollars..............   $14.66   $14.98   $14.99   $15.08   $15.09   $15.11      0.1   
   Constant (1982) dollars2.....     8.10     8.18     8.16     8.15     8.11     N.A.     (3)    
                                                                                                  
  Goods-producing...............    16.32    16.61    16.64    16.66    16.71    16.71       .0   
    Mining......................    17.63    17.78    17.91    18.10    18.17    18.10      -.4   
    Construction................    18.83    19.14    19.04    19.17    19.16    19.22       .3   
    Manufacturing...............    15.19    15.48    15.53    15.56    15.59    15.57      -.1   
      Excluding overtime4.......    14.43    14.72    14.79    14.83    14.85    14.85       .0   
                                                                                                  
  Service-producing.............    14.19    14.53    14.53    14.65    14.65    14.67       .1   
    Transportation and public                                                                     
       utilities................    17.21    17.45    17.44    17.59    17.61    17.58      -.2   
    Wholesale trade.............    16.11    16.37    16.36    16.51    16.47    16.45      -.1   
    Retail trade................     9.97    10.18    10.15    10.21    10.21    10.25       .4   
    Finance, insurance, and real                                                                  
       estate...................    16.18    16.73    16.77    16.81    16.85    16.91       .4   
    Services....................    15.13    15.49    15.51    15.65    15.65    15.68       .2   

  1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
  2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series. 
  3 Change was -.5 percent from February 2003 to March 2003, the latest month available.
  4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
    N.A. = not available.
  p = preliminary.
   
 
 
 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                                    ESTABLISHMENT DATA


Table B-5.  Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry

(1982=100)
                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                        
                                             Not seasonally adjusted                   Seasonally adjusted              
                                                                                                                        
                Industry                                                                                                
                                          Apr.   Feb.    Mar.     Apr.    Apr.   Dec.    Jan.    Feb.    Mar.     Apr.  
                                          2002   2003    2003p    2003p   2002   2002    2003    2003    2003p    2003p 
                                                                                                                        
       Total private....................  146.3  144.1   145.5    144.9   148.0  147.7   148.5   147.0   147.7    146.6 
                                                                                                                        
Goods-producing.........................  103.8   97.5    99.6     99.7   105.4  103.3   104.1   101.9   102.7    101.2 
                                                                                                                        
  Mining................................   52.7   50.2    51.0     52.1    53.5   51.3    52.0    52.9    52.9     52.9 
                                                                                                                        
  Construction..........................  172.2  151.1   161.8    167.0   178.3  175.4   179.5   168.7   175.8    172.9 
                                                                                                                        
  Manufacturing.........................   92.3   88.9    89.2     88.1    92.9   91.0    91.1    90.5    90.0     88.8 
                                                                                                                        
   Durable goods........................   95.3   90.7    90.9     89.8    95.5   92.8    93.3    92.2    91.4     90.1 
    Lumber and wood products............  131.5  127.2   127.9    127.7   133.3  133.5   133.6   132.6   131.7    130.1 
    Furniture and fixtures..............  124.3  115.3   115.6    112.0   124.7  120.9   119.1   117.0   115.4    111.5 
    Stone, clay, and glass products.....  112.7  105.0   107.8    109.5   113.6  112.0   113.1   112.0   112.5    110.7 
    Primary metal industries............   76.5   74.2    75.0     73.8    76.7   75.4    74.9    75.1    75.7     73.9 
      Blast furnaces and basic steel                                                                                    
         products.......................   58.3   56.6    57.8     58.0    58.3   59.3    57.5    57.5    58.5     58.4 
    Fabricated metal products...........  108.4  103.5   103.4    102.2   109.1  105.7   106.3   104.8   104.1    103.0 
    Industrial machinery and equipment..   83.1   80.4    80.2     79.3    83.1   80.1    80.6    80.6    79.6     79.0 
    Electronic and other electrical                                                                                     
       equipment........................   82.2   75.1    74.8     73.5    82.9   76.5    75.5    75.5    74.6     74.1 
    Transportation equipment............  107.1  102.3   101.7     99.8   105.7  104.0   107.1   104.0   101.7     99.1 
      Motor vehicles and equipment......  146.9  139.1   138.0    135.0   144.2  142.5   147.5   140.7   137.7    132.0 
    Instruments and related products....   67.8   65.8    65.8     64.9    68.2   66.6    66.6    65.8    65.4     65.1 
    Miscellaneous manufacturing.........   90.0   86.0    88.5     87.4    90.2   89.8    90.1    87.1    88.3     87.5 
                                                                                                                        
   Nondurable goods.....................   88.1   86.5    86.9     85.7    89.3   88.5    88.0    88.2    88.0     87.0 
    Food and kindred products...........  111.0  110.3   111.5    110.9   115.4  116.3   115.1   114.6   116.1    115.5 
    Tobacco products....................   47.8   49.8    47.0     44.2    49.1   50.9    50.3    51.0    48.2     47.1 
    Textile mill products...............   62.5   57.7    57.6     56.5    62.1   59.9    59.1    58.8    57.6     56.2 
    Apparel and other textile products..   43.8   41.1    41.4     40.2    43.7   41.9    41.7    41.6    41.1     40.2 
    Paper and allied products...........   93.9   92.5    92.0     91.1    94.9   93.5    93.1    94.2    93.1     92.1 
    Printing and publishing.............  105.3  105.9   106.7    105.1   106.0  105.4   106.3   107.6   106.9    106.1 
    Chemicals and allied products.......   93.9   94.6    94.8     92.9    93.6   94.6    93.9    95.1    94.7     93.1 
    Petroleum and coal products.........   68.7   70.2    71.8     70.4    67.9   70.5    71.6    73.5    73.7     70.9 
    Rubber and misc. plastics products..  134.2  128.7   129.5    128.2   135.1  131.0   130.6   129.9   129.7    128.2 
    Leather and leather products........   23.4   21.7    21.8     21.2    23.6   23.4    22.7    21.6    21.5     21.2 
                                                                                                                        
Service-producing.......................  165.4  165.0   166.1    165.2   167.2  167.6   168.4   167.3   167.9    166.9 
                                                                                                                        
  Transportation and public utilities...  130.4  127.1   127.8    126.6   132.0  130.0   129.9   128.8   130.0    128.5 
                                                                                                                        
  Wholesale trade.......................  124.8  124.2   124.6    123.6   125.7  125.6   125.1   125.0   125.1    124.3 
                                                                                                                        
  Retail trade..........................  143.9  140.9   142.3    143.1   146.8  146.3   147.6   145.8   146.6    146.1 
                                                                                                                        
  Finance, insurance, and real estate...  139.1  145.3   145.3    142.2   140.9  141.9   143.2   143.5   144.7    143.9 
                                                                                                                        
  Services..............................  210.6  211.4   212.8    211.4   211.5  213.6   214.7   213.4   213.7    212.4 

  1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
  p = preliminary.
   
 
 
 

ESTABLISHMENT DATA                                                                                               ESTABLISHMENT DATA


Table B-6.  Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted

(Percent)
                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                   
       Time span          Jan.     Feb.     Mar.     Apr.      May      June     July     Aug.    Sept.    Oct.     Nov.     Dec.  
                                                                                                                                   
                        
                                                         Private nonfarm payrolls, 347 industries1
                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                   
Over 1-month span:                                                                                                                 
     1999..............    55.3     58.6     53.6     58.4     55.5     57.8     57.1     54.8     57.1     57.2     60.4     58.1 
     2000..............    55.9     57.5     57.9     51.2     50.1     55.8     57.8     51.4     52.4     52.4     53.2     52.7 
     2001..............    49.4     45.7     50.3     42.4     47.3     43.2     44.5     42.5     42.4     40.5     39.3     44.1 
     2002..............    47.3     41.4     49.7     47.8     50.9     49.4     48.6     48.8     49.3     48.3     45.8     44.4 
     2003..............    49.4     38.5    p48.6    p48.6                                                                         
                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                   
Over 3-month span:                                                                                                                 
     1999..............    59.2     57.6     59.5     55.2     60.2     57.2     59.4     59.2     59.7     58.9     61.2     60.7 
     2000..............    60.4     61.4     58.4     53.2     52.4     55.5     56.6     56.2     51.2     51.0     53.2     51.6 
     2001..............    45.5     46.1     40.8     43.4     37.8     43.2     39.3     38.0     35.3     33.7     36.3     38.9 
     2002..............    40.1     43.2     42.5     46.5     48.0     50.1     47.1     45.1     47.3     45.1     43.1     45.0 
     2003..............    39.6    p39.9    p39.8                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                   
Over 6-month span:                                                                                                                 
     1999..............    60.2     58.9     58.5     59.7     57.2     60.8     61.2     62.5     62.7     61.8     61.2     62.8 
     2000..............    61.1     59.4     58.1     57.9     54.2     52.4     52.9     54.2     52.4     48.7     45.7     46.5 
     2001..............    44.7     42.7     39.5     40.1     40.8     35.6     37.0     32.4     34.3     33.1     34.1     35.6 
     2002..............    37.0     41.6     43.4     44.4     46.5     46.0     46.5     43.1     40.8     43.1     37.6    p36.9 
     2003..............   p38.9                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                   
Over 12-month span:                                                                                                                
     1999..............    61.2     60.1     58.2     61.0     60.7     61.5     62.2     61.1     63.8     62.2     59.7     60.5 
     2000..............    61.4     59.9     58.8     56.2     55.3     53.6     53.0     51.0     47.7     45.2     44.5     42.9 
     2001..............    41.5     41.5     38.9     37.5     37.3     36.2     34.1     33.6     34.4     33.9     33.3     34.0 
     2002..............    35.2     36.0     37.3     38.3     40.5     39.9     40.1     37.2    p38.5    p38.3                   
     2003..............                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                   
                        
                                                          Manufacturing payrolls, 136 industries1
                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                   
Over 1-month span:                                                                                                                 
     1999..............    47.4     41.2     42.6     46.0     46.3     43.4     50.0     42.6     46.0     45.6     51.5     49.3 
     2000..............    44.9     52.2     49.3     46.0     49.3     50.7     57.4     36.8     39.0     42.3     47.1     40.8 
     2001..............    34.9     26.8     38.2     29.0     28.3     30.5     34.9     25.7     31.6     31.3     25.0     30.9 
     2002..............    35.3     37.9     40.4     47.4     47.1     40.4     48.9     41.9     40.1     40.4     40.1     37.1 
     2003..............    47.1     35.7    p41.2    p33.8                                                                         
                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                   
Over 3-month span:                                                                                                                 
     1999..............    39.3     39.3     39.7     40.1     41.2     43.8     44.1     46.3     42.3     44.1     47.8     45.2 
     2000..............    48.2     48.9     48.9     44.5     46.7     52.2     46.0     38.6     29.0     34.2     39.0     36.0 
     2001..............    21.3     21.3     18.4     23.5     19.9     23.2     17.3     19.1     16.2     18.0     18.4     18.0 
     2002..............    24.6     30.1     37.1     38.6     40.1     41.2     38.6     34.6     32.4     32.0     28.3     32.0 
     2003..............    27.9    p33.5    p25.4                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                   
Over 6-month span:                                                                                                                 
     1999..............    36.4     36.0     37.5     40.4     37.5     42.3     43.0     44.5     48.2     43.0     44.5     47.4 
     2000..............    47.8     45.2     44.5     50.0     41.9     37.9     36.0     35.3     32.4     26.1     21.3     21.7 
     2001..............    20.2     16.9     14.0     16.2     16.5     13.2     14.7     11.8     14.0     13.2     17.6     16.5 
     2002..............    19.9     26.8     29.8     38.2     36.4     34.2     31.6     26.8     24.6     26.8     23.5    p22.4 
     2003..............   p23.2                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                   
Over 12-month span:                                                                                                                
     1999..............    38.6     34.6     32.4     36.0     37.9     39.0     40.1     40.4     44.5     44.5     43.4     44.5 
     2000..............    49.3     44.1     39.3     36.8     35.3     34.2     33.8     28.7     22.1     19.1     17.6     14.0 
     2001..............    13.6     13.6     13.6     15.4     12.1     11.0     11.0     11.0     12.9     12.9     14.0     13.6 
     2002..............    18.0     18.0     20.2     20.2     24.6     22.1     25.0     22.1    p21.3    p16.9                   
     2003..............                                                                                                            

  1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span.  Data are centered
within the span. 
  p = preliminary.
  NOTE:  Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged
employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.