U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES – APRIL 2023

Prices for U.S. imports increased 0.4 percent in April following a 0.8-percent decline in March, the U.S. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Higher fuel prices drove the advance in April. The price index for 

U.S. exports rose 0.2 percent in April, after declining 0.6 percent the previous month. 

Chart 1. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Import Price Index: April 2022 – April 2023

Imports 

U.S. import prices advanced 0.4 percent in April, the first monthly increase since December 2022. Despite 

the April rise, the price index for U.S. imports declined over the past year, falling 4.8 percent on a 12-month 

basis for the second consecutive month. Those were the largest over-the-year drops since the index 

decreased 6.3 percent in May 2020. (See table 1.)

Fuel Imports: Prices for import fuel rose 4.5 percent in April following a 3.9-percent drop in March and a 

5.6-percent decline in February. The April advance was the first monthly increase since June 2022. Despite 

the monthly rise, import fuel prices fell 25.9 percent over the past year. Higher petroleum prices drove the 

increase for the month, more than offsetting lower prices for natural gas. Prices for import petroleum 

advanced 5.7 percent in April, after decreasing 2.5 percent in March and edging down 0.1 percent in 

February. Import petroleum prices declined 25.7 percent from April 2022 to April 2023. The price index for 

import natural gas fell 17.4 percent in April following drops of 28.8 percent in March and 49.9 percent in 

February. Natural gas prices decreased 45.7 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month decline since 

April 2015. 

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Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until

8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, May 12, 2023 

Technical information: (202) 691-7101 • MXPinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/mxp

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

USDL-23-0945
2

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Nonfuel import prices were unchanged in April, after decreasing 0.5 percent

the previous month. Higher prices in April for consumer goods and foods, feeds, and beverages offset price 

decreases for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials and capital goods; automotive vehicles prices were 

unchanged for the month. The price index for nonfuel imports fell 1.9 percent over the past 12 months, the 

largest over-the-year drop since April 2016. 

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Foods, feeds, and beverages prices advanced 0.2 percent in April following a 

0.9-percent decline in March. Higher prices for fruit and meat in April more than offset lower prices for 

vegetables. 

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: The price index for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials 

decreased 0.2 percent in April, after declining 1.5 percent in March. Lower unfinished building materials

prices drove the decrease for the month. 

Finished Goods: Import prices for the major finished goods categories were mixed in April. The price index 

for consumer goods rose 0.2 percent, led by a 0.4-percent increase in prices for medicinal, dental, and 

pharmaceutical imports. Despite the monthly advance, consumer goods prices fell 0.2 percent from April 

2022 to April 2023. The price index for capital goods edged down 0.1 percent for the second consecutive 

month in April. Automotive vehicles prices were unchanged in April and rose 1.9 percent over the past year. 

Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories
3

Chart 2. One-month and 12-month percent changes in the Export Price Index: April 2022 – April 2023

Exports 

U.S. export prices increased 0.2 percent in April, after declining 0.6 percent the previous month. Higher 

prices for nonagricultural exports and agricultural exports in April each contributed to the overall advance. 

The price index for U.S. exports fell 5.9 percent from April 2022 to April 2023, the largest over-the-year 

drop since a 6.7-percent decline in May 2020. (See table 2.) 

Agricultural Exports: Agricultural export prices rose 0.4 percent in April following a 1.9-percent decrease 

in March. Higher prices for corn, nuts, meat, and vegetables in April more than offset lower fruit and 

soybeans prices. Despite the monthly rise, prices for agricultural exports fell 3.9 percent over the past year, 

the largest 12-month drop since the index fell 4.5 percent for the year ended June 2020. The over-the-year

decrease in April was primarily driven by lower prices for soybeans, corn, meat, and wheat. 

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports advanced 0.2 percent in April, after

a 0.5-percent decrease the previous month. Higher prices in April for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 

materials, capital goods, and consumer goods more than offset lower prices for automotive vehicles. 

Nonagricultural export prices declined 6.3 percent from April 2022 to April 2023, the largest 12-month 

decrease since the index fell 7.0 percent in May 2020. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 

increased 0.2 percent in April following a 1.4-percent drop in March. The April advance was driven by 

higher petroleum and nonmonetary gold prices. 

Finished Goods: Prices for the major finished goods export categories were mostly up in April. Consumer 

goods prices rose 0.3 percent following increases of 0.2 percent in March and 0.7 percent in February. The 

price index for capital goods advanced 0.2 percent in April, after rising 0.2 percent in March, 0.6 percent in 

February, and 0.7 percent in January. The increase in April was led by rising prices for nonelectrical 

machinery. Prices for automotive vehicles decreased 0.3 percent in April following a 0.1-percent increase in 

March and a 0.1-percent decline in February. 

More information for the major import and export price indexes can be found at 

www.bls.gov/web/ximpim/largest.htm. 

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4

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: The price index for imports from China decreased 0.3 percent in April, 

after declines of 0.5 percent in March, 0.1 percent in February, and 0.5 percent in January. The April drop

was led by lower prices for computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing. Import prices from China 

fell 1.9 percent over the past year. By contrast, prices for imports from Japan increased 0.4 percent in April, 

the largest monthly advance since the index rose 0.9 percent in October 2022. The price index for imports 

from Japan increased 0.8 percent from April 2022 to April 2023. Import prices from Canada advanced 0.2 

percent in April, after declining 4.9 percent over the previous 3 months. Despite the April increase, prices 

for imports from Canada fell 18.2 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month drop since May 2020. 

The price indexes for imports from Mexico and the European Union each rose in April, advancing 0.7 

percent and 0.5 percent, respectively. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Prices for exports to China increased 0.7 percent in April following a 

0.8-percent decline the previous month. The price index for exports to China fell 8.0 percent over the past 

year. Export prices to Japan advanced 0.9 percent in April, after decreasing 1.3 percent in March. Despite 

the April rise, prices for exports to Japan declined 7.8 percent over the past 12 months. Export prices to 

Canada increased 0.6 percent in April following a 0.9-percent drop the previous month. The price index for 

exports to Mexico declined 0.4 percent in April. In contrast, prices for exports to the European Union 

advanced 1.2 percent in April. (See table 8.)

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of trade indexes are based on country, region, or grouping and measure 

the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The index for U.S. terms of trade with 

China increased 1.0 percent in April, after falling 0.4 percent in March. Lower import prices from China and 

higher export prices to China each contributed to the rise in U.S. terms of trade with China in April. Despite 

the monthly rise, U.S. terms of trade with China fell 6.2 percent over the past year. The index for U.S. terms 

of trade with Japan increased 0.5 percent in April following a 1.0-percent decline the previous month. U.S. 

terms of trade with Japan decreased 8.5 percent from April 2022 to April 2023. U.S. terms of trade with 

Mexico fell 1.0 percent in April and decreased 8.5 percent over the past year. In contrast, the indexes for 

U.S. terms of trade with the European Union and Canada advanced in April, increasing 0.7 percent and 0.4 

percent, respectively. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: Import air passenger fares declined 5.4 percent in April following a 1.9-percent increase in March. 

Lower Latin American/Caribbean and European fares in April more than offset higher Asian fares. The 

index for import air passenger fares advanced 1.5 percent over the past 12 months. Import air freight prices 

rose 3.1 percent in April, after decreases of 2.7 percent in March and 4.7 percent in February. Higher Asian 

air freight prices drove the advance, more than offsetting lower prices for European air freight. Prices for 

import air freight decreased 31.5 percent over the past year. (See table 10.)

Exports: Export air passenger fares advanced 0.6 percent in April, after increasing 6.4 percent in March and 

decreasing 13.7 percent in February. Higher Latin American/Caribbean and Asian fares in April more than 

offset lower European fares. Export air passenger fares rose 9.1 percent from April 2022 to April 2023. 

Prices for export air freight fell 2.1 percent in April following a 4.4-percent drop in March. Those were the 

first monthly declines since the index decreased 2.9 percent in November 2022. Export air freight prices fell 

8.6 percent over the past 12 months, the largest over-the-year drop since the index declined 9.0 percent in 

December 2009. 

 

U.S. Import and Export Price Index data for May 2023 are scheduled for release on Thursday, June 

15, 2023, at 8:30 a.m. (ET). 
Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2022 to April

2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Mar.

20231

Index Percent change

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2022 to

Apr.

2023

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

All commodities................................... 100.000 139.8 140.4 -4.8 -0.4 -0.3 -0.8 0.4

All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 84.054 108.5 108.5 -2.0 0.1 0.3 -0.5 0.0

All imports excluding petroleum.............. 91.714 124.2 124.1 -2.1 0.3 -0.4 -0.6 -0.1

All imports excluding fuels (Dec.

2001=100)........................................ 91.208 127.9 127.9 -1.9 0.2 0.3 -0.5 0.0

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 7.154 212.7 213.2 0.2 1.3 1.3 -0.9 0.2

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 5.667 233.2 234.9 1.8 1.3 1.3 -1.3 0.7

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 1.487 165.0 162.2 -5.8 1.3 1.3 0.6 -1.7

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 24.706 244.2 247.8 -17.0 -2.1 -2.0 -2.4 1.5

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

petroleum.................................... 16.649 207.7 206.3 -12.2 0.4 -3.4 -2.4 -0.7

Industrial supplies & materials excluding

fuels (Dec. 2001=100)..................... 15.928 231.1 230.6 -11.1 -0.4 0.1 -1.5 -0.2

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.092 226.0 225.2 -12.2 -0.3 1.6 -1.4 -0.4

Industrial supplies & materials nondurable

excluding petroleum....................... 6.327 186.7 184.5 -10.9 1.3 -10.2 -3.9 -1.2

Fuels & lubricants............................. 10 8.792 272.8 285.1 -25.9 -4.8 -5.6 -3.9 4.5

Petroleum & petroleum products......... 100 8.286 289.1 305.5 -25.7 -6.7 -0.1 -2.5 5.7

Crude petroleum........................... 10000 5.070 287.3 308.6 -29.0 -3.0 -0.1 -0.7 7.4

Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas.................. 101 0.505 205.6 179.5 -37.3 9.3 -45.4 -23.1 -12.7

Natural gas.................................. 10110 0.389 184.0 152.0 -45.7 10.3 -49.9 -28.8 -17.4

Paper & paper base stocks.................. 11 0.541 143.9 138.9 6.6 -0.5 -1.7 -1.9 -3.5

Materials associated with nondurable

supplies & materials....................... 12 5.280 200.0 200.8 -9.7 -0.4 -2.5 -1.6 0.4

Selected building materials.................. 13 1.769 192.7 186.2 -19.6 -2.5 2.4 -0.2 -3.4

Unfinished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 14 4.152 341.2 342.2 -17.6 0.1 2.2 -3.0 0.3

Finished metals related to durable

goods........................................ 15 2.325 215.6 219.5 -3.5 0.4 0.1 -0.9 1.8

Nonmetals related to durable goods. . . . . .. 16 1.847 129.1 127.3 0.1 0.0 1.4 0.1 -1.4

Capital goods................................... 2 27.883 93.7 93.6 1.1 0.3 0.2 -0.1 -0.1

Electric generating equipment............... 20 3.751 129.6 130.2 1.5 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.5

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 22.747 84.7 84.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 -0.1 -0.4

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 1.384 150.7 152.3 7.9 0.7 0.7 0.5 1.1

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 12.799 117.5 117.5 1.9 0.4 0.0 -0.2 0.0

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 27.459 110.1 110.3 -0.2 0.1 0.4 -0.3 0.2

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 12.815 125.1 125.3 0.1 0.4 0.2 -0.1 0.2

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 13.650 95.5 95.5 -0.3 -0.1 0.3 -0.2 0.0

Nonmanufactured consumer goods. . . . . . .. 42 0.994 128.0 129.4 -4.3 -0.8 4.4 -4.4 1.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

5
Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2022 to April

2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description End Use

Relative

importance

Mar.

20231

Index Percent change

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2022 to

Apr.

2023

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

All commodities................................... 100.000 150.8 151.1 -5.9 0.2 0.4 -0.6 0.2

Agricultural commodities....................... 11.101 248.1 249.2 -3.9 -0.8 0.8 -1.9 0.4

All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec.

2010=100)........................................ 72.975 114.9 115.1 -1.2 0.5 0.7 0.0 0.2

All exports excluding fuels (June

2022=100)........................................ 83.179 100.0 100.2 – 0.8 0.7 -0.1 0.2

Nonagricultural commodities.................. 88.899 143.3 143.6 -6.3 0.3 0.3 -0.5 0.2

Foods, feeds, & beverages................... 0 10.204 251.0 252.2 -3.9 -0.7 0.9 -1.9 0.5

Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages,

excluding distilled beverages............. 00 9.778 252.7 254.2 -3.5 -0.8 0.9 -1.9 0.6

Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled

beverages).................................. 01 0.426 218.7 213.5 -13.3 -0.2 -0.9 -1.1 -2.4

Industrial supplies & materials.............. 1 38.750 206.3 206.6 -15.0 -0.3 0.1 -1.4 0.1

Industrial supplies & materials, durable. . .. 10.918 214.4 217.2 -7.7 0.3 1.0 -0.9 1.3

Industrial supplies & materials,

nondurable.................................. 27.832 200.4 199.8 -17.4 -0.5 -0.2 -1.5 -0.3

Agricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 10 1.291 227.2 225.0 -7.2 -1.4 0.0 -1.2 -1.0

Nonagricultural industrial supplies &

materials..................................... 37.459 205.7 206.1 -15.2 -0.3 0.1 -1.4 0.2

Fuels & lubricants............................. 11 16.821 251.5 251.7 -22.3 -0.3 -1.1 -2.5 0.1

Nonagricultural supplies & materials

excluding fuels & building materials. . . .. 12 19.820 198.8 199.4 -8.1 -0.2 1.3 -0.5 0.3

Selected building materials.................. 13 0.818 152.0 150.8 -12.3 -2.2 0.7 0.7 -0.8

Capital goods................................... 2 30.335 120.7 121.0 2.5 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.2

Electrical generating equipment............. 20 3.398 137.3 137.5 4.6 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.1

Nonelectrical machinery...................... 21 22.242 101.3 101.5 1.3 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2

Transportation equipment excluding motor

vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)................. 22 4.696 205.7 207.3 6.2 1.4 1.6 0.5 0.8

Automotive vehicles, parts & engines..... 3 8.100 124.0 123.6 3.0 1.5 -0.1 0.1 -0.3

Consumer goods, excluding

automotives.................................. 4 12.610 118.9 119.2 2.1 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.3

Nondurables, manufactured................. 40 6.653 110.1 110.7 0.0 0.7 0.6 -0.1 0.5

Durables, manufactured...................... 41 4.696 118.6 118.7 4.6 1.7 0.1 0.5 0.1

Nonmanufactured consumer goods (Dec.

2018=100)................................... 42 1.260 131.8 131.6 4.4 0.1 3.4 0.1 -0.2

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

6
Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: April 2022 to April 2023

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Mar.

20231

Index Percent change

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2022 to

Apr.

2023

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Nonmanufacturing................................ 8.020 142.3 149.2 -22.7 -0.2 -4.5 -3.6 4.8

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 2.179 216.2 217.3 -1.8 1.7 3.6 -4.4 0.5

Crop production............................... 111 1.735 223.8 223.7 -2.8 1.8 2.3 -5.4 0.0

Animal production (Dec. 2022=100)........ 112 0.266 113.0 117.0 – 2.7 13.7 -3.3 3.5

Mining............................................ 21 5.840 136.2 145.0 -27.9 -0.9 -7.2 -3.2 6.5

Oil and gas extraction........................ 211 5.536 133.6 140.9 -30.1 -1.2 -8.1 -3.4 5.5

Mining (except oil and gas) (Dec.

2022=100)................................... 212 0.305 122.1 152.7 – 6.5 14.8 -0.2 25.1

Manufacturing..................................... 91.602 122.5 122.6 -2.5 -0.4 0.2 -0.6 0.1

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 11.439 138.8 139.7 0.9 0.3 0.4 -0.2 0.6

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 4.257 188.5 191.4 1.2 0.7 1.1 -0.4 1.5

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 1.175 139.4 139.7 3.8 1.6 0.8 0.7 0.2

Apparel manufacturing....................... 315 3.219 119.1 119.4 2.7 -0.1 -0.1 -0.3 0.3

Leather and allied product

manufacturing............................... 316 1.362 125.9 125.9 -1.3 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 0.0

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 20.007 143.7 143.8 -7.9 -2.0 -0.5 -1.3 0.1

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 0.986 124.7 122.3 2.3 -0.4 -0.9 -1.2 -1.9

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 2.971 137.2 141.7 -14.6 -12.4 -0.3 -5.2 3.3

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 11.222 151.9 151.9 -6.3 0.6 -1.3 -0.8 0.0

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.639 133.4 133.2 0.7 -0.8 0.9 0.1 -0.1

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 1.056 143.1 142.8 1.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 -0.2

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 60.156 112.9 112.9 -1.2 0.1 0.3 -0.4 0.0

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.937 229.6 230.5 -13.8 0.1 1.6 -3.2 0.4

Fabricated metal product manufacturing... 332 3.333 149.2 149.7 -1.9 -0.5 -0.4 0.0 0.3

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 7.699 131.1 131.1 3.4 1.6 0.5 0.2 0.0

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 16.962 73.5 73.1 -1.2 -0.4 0.0 -0.4 -0.5

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 5.975 127.4 128.0 0.9 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.5

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 13.015 116.6 116.6 2.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0

Furniture and related product

manufacturing............................... 337 2.014 128.8 128.7 1.7 -0.5 0.2 -0.2 -0.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 6.221 127.2 127.7 0.4 0.2 0.5 -0.1 0.4

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

7
Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: April 2022 to April 2023

[December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description NAICS

Relative

importance

Mar.

20231

Index Percent change

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2022 to

Apr.

2023

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Nonmanufacturing................................ 15.253 184.5 184.7 -21.1 -3.6 -0.8 -3.1 0.1

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and

hunting........................................ 11 5.653 216.6 217.0 -9.9 -1.7 1.3 -3.0 0.2

Crop production............................... 111 5.331 230.0 230.7 -9.7 -1.9 1.3 -3.1 0.3

Mining............................................ 21 9.600 111.5 111.5 -26.7 -4.7 -1.9 -3.3 0.0

Oil and gas extraction (Dec. 2021=100). .. 211 8.079 96.8 96.1 -28.7 -5.8 -2.4 -4.3 -0.7

Mining (except oil and gas).................. 212 1.521 156.8 163.1 -15.1 2.2 1.3 2.3 4.0

Manufacturing..................................... 83.064 135.0 135.2 -2.4 0.7 0.5 -0.1 0.1

Manufacturing, part 1......................... 31 6.951 175.6 176.1 0.2 -0.3 0.3 -0.7 0.3

Food manufacturing.......................... 311 5.134 206.8 207.5 -0.1 -0.5 0.2 -1.0 0.3

Beverage and tobacco product

manufacturing............................... 312 0.546 149.4 150.4 5.0 -0.2 2.7 0.0 0.7

Manufacturing, part 2......................... 32 26.552 140.4 140.2 -9.0 1.1 0.5 -0.2 -0.1

Wood product manufacturing (Dec.

2017=100)................................... 321 0.416 119.9 120.3 -16.1 0.6 0.5 1.6 0.3

Paper manufacturing......................... 322 1.647 155.5 151.7 5.1 1.3 -0.2 -2.3 -2.4

Petroleum and coal products

manufacturing............................... 324 6.943 160.8 160.6 -18.1 5.2 0.1 -1.4 -0.1

Chemical manufacturing..................... 325 14.347 135.4 135.6 -6.4 -0.6 0.9 0.4 0.1

Plastics and rubber products

manufacturing............................... 326 2.258 133.7 133.1 2.5 0.8 -0.5 0.2 -0.4

Nonmetallic mineral product

manufacturing............................... 327 0.750 130.8 130.7 -2.8 -2.6 0.8 0.1 -0.1

Manufacturing, part 3......................... 33 49.562 128.4 128.8 1.3 0.6 0.5 0.0 0.3

Primary metal manufacturing................ 331 4.249 203.6 209.8 -11.7 -1.5 1.8 -3.0 3.0

Machinery manufacturing.................... 333 9.344 148.3 148.9 5.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 0.4

Computer and electronic product

manufacturing............................... 334 12.717 83.6 83.5 -1.6 -0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1

Electrical equipment, appliance, and

component manufacturing................. 335 3.520 135.3 135.5 4.8 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.1

Transportation equipment manufacturing... 336 11.875 142.5 142.6 4.2 1.6 0.6 0.1 0.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing............... 339 4.846 137.5 137.5 4.0 0.6 1.1 0.8 0.0

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

8
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2022 to April

2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Mar.

20231

Index Percent change

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2022 to

Apr.

2023

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Live animals; animal products................. I 1.577 237.3 240.9 -2.9 0.8 4.7 -0.3 1.5

Meat and edible meat offal..................... 02 0.379 300.8 316.2 -8.8 -2.1 0.5 1.1 5.1

Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other

aquatic invertebrates......................... 03 0.856 164.9 159.9 -7.3 1.9 2.4 1.0 -3.0

Vegetable products............................... II 2.193 251.5 254.7 0.3 1.3 1.8 -3.8 1.3

Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers.......... 07 0.522 467.4 451.5 2.6 3.3 -6.8 -1.8 -3.4

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.794 125.9 130.0 0.3 -0.6 4.7 -4.2 3.3

Coffee, tea, mate and spices.................. 09 0.396 305.8 303.9 -6.5 5.0 1.9 0.4 -0.6

Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec.

2009=100)........................................ III 0.381 146.4 148.2 -10.7 1.7 -2.5 -2.9 1.2

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.373 195.0 194.9 4.9 0.9 0.6 0.6 -0.1

Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec.

2021=100)..................................... 17 0.211 112.9 113.9 8.2 2.2 2.0 0.9 0.9

Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec.

2009=100)..................................... 18 0.234 115.7 121.8 19.1 1.2 0.0 2.1 5.3

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2022=100)..................................... 21 0.402 100.0 95.3 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 -4.7

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar................ 22 1.107 153.0 153.3 3.6 1.8 0.8 0.9 0.2

Mineral products.................................. V 8.926 280.5 295.8 -24.7 -4.9 -5.1 -3.9 5.5

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 8.550 272.3 285.1 -26.4 -5.2 -5.7 -4.1 4.7

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 10.672 173.4 172.9 -4.0 1.1 -0.3 -1.0 -0.3

Inorganic chemicals............................. 28 0.638 525.3 513.6 -5.7 1.1 -2.3 -2.8 -2.2

Organic chemicals............................... 29 2.418 146.4 146.0 -3.9 3.1 0.1 -1.3 -0.3

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 5.261 147.9 148.3 -0.9 0.4 0.7 0.0 0.3

Fertilizers (Dec. 2022=100).................... 31 0.391 73.1 68.2 – -1.7 -16.5 -11.0 -6.7

Tanning extracts; dye, pigments, varnish,

paints & putty (Dec. 2022=100)............. 32 0.206 102.1 100.7 – 0.7 2.5 -1.1 -1.4

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 0.841 121.8 122.4 4.0 1.3 0.7 -0.9 0.5

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 4.158 157.7 158.1 -2.1 -0.9 0.4 0.6 0.3

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 2.722 158.3 158.5 -4.3 -1.5 0.0 1.0 0.1

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 1.435 159.9 160.7 3.0 0.2 1.2 -0.1 0.5

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 0.987 131.6 127.3 0.6 -0.4 -0.9 -0.8 -3.3

Textile and textile articles....................... XI 4.441 120.8 121.1 0.9 -0.2 0.1 -0.1 0.2

Articles of apparel and clothing accessories,

not knitted or crocheted...................... 62 1.219 127.5 127.7 2.1 0.0 -0.2 0.1 0.2

Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers,

etc................................................. XII 1.195 125.7 125.6 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 -0.4 -0.1

Footwear and parts of such articles........... 64 0.945 122.3 122.3 -0.9 -0.5 -0.4 -0.4 0.0

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.926 136.2 136.9 1.8 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.5

Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

or mica (Dec. 2020=100).................... 68 0.344 102.6 102.7 1.5 -0.6 1.2 0.3 0.1

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2021=100)....... 70 0.316 103.8 105.8 4.2 2.4 0.5 0.6 1.9

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 3.242 227.6 234.2 -7.2 1.8 0.6 -4.6 2.9

See footnotes at end of table.

9
Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2022 to April

2023 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Mar.

20231

Index Percent change

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2022 to

Apr.

2023

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 6.401 238.7 236.2 -10.8 0.1 0.9 -0.4 -1.0

Articles of iron or steel.......................... 73 1.889 204.9 203.9 -3.6 0.8 -0.4 0.0 -0.5

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.565 394.3 389.3 -11.9 -0.7 4.7 -0.3 -1.3

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 1.087 193.3 192.2 -13.6 0.6 2.4 -2.7 -0.6

Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and

forks, of base metal; parts thereof.......... 82 0.450 132.2 132.1 2.2 1.2 0.3 0.4 -0.1

Miscellaneous articles of base metal. . . . . . . .. 83 0.561 150.6 148.3 -1.8 -0.1 -0.7 -0.1 -1.5

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 30.063 82.9 82.8 0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.1

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 15.337 90.0 89.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 -0.2 -0.6

Electrical machinery and equip, sound and

TV recorders & reproducers, parts......... 85 14.726 76.2 76.4 0.0 -0.3 0.1 -0.1 0.3

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 10.856 121.4 121.2 2.2 0.4 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 10.229 120.4 120.2 2.0 0.5 -0.1 -0.2 -0.2

Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec.

2020=100)..................................... 88 0.516 108.3 108.4 5.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 4.109 106.9 107.3 1.3 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.4

Optical, photographic, measuring and

medical instruments.......................... 90 3.821 102.6 103.0 1.2 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.4

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 4.847 120.2 120.4 2.0 -0.3 0.4 0.0 0.2

Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps &

lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs......... 94 2.758 127.6 127.7 1.1 -0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.1

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 1.789 106.5 106.8 2.6 -0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3

Miscellaneous manufactured articles. . . . . . . .. 96 0.300 146.7 147.3 8.1 0.7 5.2 0.2 0.4

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

10
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2022 to April

2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Mar.

20231

Index Percent change

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2022 to

Apr.

2023

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Live animals; animal products................. I 2.091 265.8 265.7 -8.0 -0.3 -1.2 -1.7 0.0

Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)... 02 1.237 211.8 215.6 -7.9 -0.4 -1.3 1.8 1.8

Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic

invertebrates (Dec. 2022=100).............. 03 0.271 95.9 92.6 – -0.6 -1.3 -2.2 -3.4

Vegetable products............................... II 5.403 287.4 289.6 -6.6 -1.3 2.1 -2.9 0.8

Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or

melons.......................................... 08 0.815 137.8 138.9 -3.3 -1.2 -0.3 0.6 0.8

Cereals............................................ 10 1.954 321.2 325.8 -12.0 1.3 1.2 -4.7 1.4

Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits,

plants, straw and fodder..................... 12 2.099 311.2 309.5 -6.5 2.3 1.2 -2.5 -0.5

Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and

tobacco........................................... IV 3.027 188.3 189.4 3.5 0.4 0.4 -0.4 0.6

Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec.

2017=100)..................................... 21 0.668 117.2 117.2 10.2 4.0 1.6 0.4 0.0

Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec.

2008=100)..................................... 22 0.468 109.3 109.3 -0.3 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.0

Residues and waste from the food

industries; prepared animal feed............ 23 0.799 317.2 322.2 -4.2 -4.1 0.9 -3.1 1.6

Mineral products.................................. V 16.569 300.9 301.0 -23.3 -0.9 -1.2 -2.6 0.0

Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)......... 26 0.533 143.2 146.9 -8.8 7.8 3.2 0.1 2.6

Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous

substances and mineral waxes............. 27 15.818 287.8 287.7 -24.0 -1.3 -1.3 -2.7 0.0

Products of the chemical or allied

industries........................................ VI 12.822 164.0 164.3 -0.8 -0.7 1.1 -0.1 0.2

Pharmaceutical products....................... 30 4.326 107.2 107.9 -0.3 1.1 0.5 0.0 0.7

Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery

cosmetic or toilet preparations.............. 33 0.844 147.2 149.3 6.7 3.3 1.1 -0.1 1.4

Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or

scouring products; candles, pastes......... 34 0.466 136.3 136.3 3.0 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0

Miscellaneous chemical products............. 38 2.241 190.8 192.6 1.9 2.7 0.5 0.4 0.9

Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and

articles thereof.................................. VII 4.592 160.5 160.1 -9.8 0.3 0.1 0.9 -0.2

Plastics and articles thereof.................... 39 3.804 158.3 157.9 -11.4 0.4 0.1 1.2 -0.3

Rubber and articles thereof.................... 40 0.788 169.1 168.6 1.6 -0.1 0.2 0.2 -0.3

Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets

and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)............ IX 0.495 114.4 113.0 -19.7 0.2 0.4 1.5 -1.2

Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper

products......................................... X 1.783 153.5 149.8 -0.9 2.3 1.3 -2.9 -2.4

Woodpulp and recovered paper (Dec.

2019=100)..................................... 47 0.588 177.9 160.1 -8.1 2.8 4.0 -1.1 -10.0

Paper and paperboard; articles of paper

pulp, paper or paperboard................... 48 0.958 146.0 148.4 3.6 2.6 -0.4 -4.6 1.6

Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics

thereof.......................................... 52 0.497 164.8 160.2 -20.3 -3.8 -1.6 -3.7 -2.8

Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos,

ceramics, glass etc............................ XIII 0.730 145.9 146.2 -0.3 -1.6 0.6 0.0 0.2

Glass and glassware (Dec. 2019=100)....... 70 0.445 110.2 110.9 1.1 -2.1 0.0 0.0 0.6

Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation

jewelry, and coins.............................. XIV 4.544 314.4 324.6 -7.3 1.0 1.2 -3.1 3.2

Base metals and articles of base metals. . .. XV 4.551 214.7 214.5 -7.4 -1.1 1.8 0.9 -0.1

Copper and articles thereof.................... 74 0.596 267.7 272.3 -8.1 -3.3 7.5 -4.9 1.7

Aluminum and articles thereof................. 76 0.690 150.2 148.2 -14.6 1.9 1.5 -0.3 -1.3

See footnotes at end of table.

11
Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: April 2022 to April

2023 — Continued

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Harmonized

system

Relative

importance

Mar.

20231

Index Percent change

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2022 to

Apr.

2023

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Miscellaneous articles of base metal (Dec.

2022=100)..................................... 83 0.314 101.4 101.4 – 0.2 -1.5 2.7 0.0

Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image

and sound recorders, parts, etc............. XVI 25.547 106.1 106.3 2.5 0.9 0.6 0.0 0.2

Machinery and mechanical appliances;

parts thereof................................... 84 14.725 128.7 129.4 4.1 1.5 0.8 0.2 0.5

Electrical machinery and equipment and

parts and accessories thereof............... 85 10.822 82.4 82.0 0.2 0.0 0.4 -0.2 -0.5

Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated

transport equipment........................... XVII 8.977 150.2 150.2 2.7 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.0

Motor vehicles and their parts................. 87 6.780 125.3 124.9 1.6 0.6 -0.2 0.1 -0.3

Optical, photo, measuring, medical &

musical instruments; & timepieces. . . . . . .. XVIII 5.497 116.2 116.7 2.5 0.6 0.2 1.0 0.4

Miscellaneous manufactured articles......... XX 1.198 136.2 136.7 6.7 1.5 0.2 -0.3 0.4

Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and

lighting fittings nesoi.......................... 94 0.570 148.7 149.9 -0.3 0.5 0.0 -0.5 0.8

Toys, games and sports equipment; parts

and accessories thereof...................... 95 0.483 117.8 117.9 18.7 3.1 0.3 -0.1 0.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

12
Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: April 2022 to April 2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Mar.

20231

Index Percent change

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2022 to

Apr.

2023

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 143.9 144.7 -7.2 0.1 -1.2 -0.8 0.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 10.505 234.7 243.0 -30.9 0.2 -9.7 -1.9 3.5

Manufacturing................................ 88.900 136.3 136.6 -2.6 0.1 -0.1 -0.7 0.2

Canada.......................................... 100.000 172.5 172.9 -18.2 0.1 -4.0 -1.0 0.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 29.479 230.1 238.7 -32.2 0.2 -10.6 -2.0 3.7

Manufacturing................................ 69.431 160.7 158.8 -9.2 -0.1 -0.9 -0.8 -1.2

European Union............................... 100.000 154.5 155.3 1.7 0.9 0.4 -0.4 0.5

Manufacturing................................ 99.163 150.3 151.0 2.2 1.0 0.4 -0.3 0.5

France (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 146.1 150.6 5.2 1.8 0.8 0.0 3.1

Germany (Dec. 2003=100)................... 100.000 124.8 124.4 1.1 -0.1 0.1 -1.0 -0.3

United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100).......... 100.000 134.7 137.4 0.4 1.7 -1.0 -0.8 2.0

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 169.1 170.2 -2.3 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 13.506 310.3 322.8 -15.3 -1.8 0.8 -2.6 4.0

Manufacturing................................ 86.217 137.7 137.8 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.1

Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)...................... 100.000 141.5 142.5 -0.6 0.5 0.1 -0.2 0.7

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100). . . . .. 7.938 148.5 155.5 -23.1 -0.1 0.7 -2.6 4.7

Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)........... 91.785 97.8 98.1 2.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.3

Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)4............... 100.000 103.5 103.2 -2.0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.4 -0.3

China (Dec. 2003=100)....................... 100.000 103.1 102.8 -1.9 -0.5 -0.1 -0.5 -0.3

Japan............................................ 100.000 100.6 101.0 0.8 0.1 -0.3 -0.3 0.4

Taiwan (Dec. 2018=100)...................... 100.000 111.1 110.6 -0.3 0.2 -0.3 0.0 -0.5

Asian NICs5

..................................... 100.000 96.7 95.8 -4.1 -0.3 0.1 -0.4 -0.9

ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)6

.................... 100.000 103.3 103.2 -1.4 0.3 0.0 -0.3 -0.1

Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)7

........... 100.000 217.4 221.9 -16.6 -1.8 -0.5 -1.3 2.1

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

5 Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan.

6 Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

7 Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

13
Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: April 2022 to April 2023

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Mar.

20231

Index Percent change

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2022 to

Apr.

2023

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Industrialized Countries2

.................... 100.000 120.0 120.7 -3.9 0.3 0.5 -0.6 0.6

Nonmanufacturing........................... 13.015 143.6 144.1 -20.8 -0.6 1.2 -1.4 0.3

Manufacturing................................ 85.218 117.5 118.2 0.0 0.3 0.5 -0.3 0.6

Canada.......................................... 100.000 127.7 128.5 -1.7 -0.5 0.2 -0.9 0.6

Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2020=100). . . . .. 7.603 133.0 136.0 -25.9 -16.3 -0.1 -2.7 2.3

Manufacturing (Dec. 2020=100)........... 90.766 119.7 120.2 1.4 1.1 0.2 -0.7 0.4

European Union............................... 100.000 117.1 118.5 -3.7 0.0 0.0 -0.1 1.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 15.452 136.8 144.6 -18.6 -0.7 1.1 -1.9 5.7

Manufacturing................................ 82.732 113.4 113.9 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.4

Germany........................................ 100.000 115.2 116.7 3.0 1.9 -0.3 -0.1 1.3

Latin America3

................................. 100.000 126.2 125.6 -10.2 0.4 -0.7 -0.4 -0.5

Nonmanufacturing........................... 9.672 150.5 144.4 -34.9 -9.7 -8.5 -2.1 -4.1

Manufacturing................................ 89.754 124.6 124.4 -6.5 1.9 0.2 -0.2 -0.2

Mexico........................................... 100.000 125.4 124.9 -9.1 0.5 -0.9 -0.1 -0.4

Nonmanufacturing........................... 8.532 131.4 122.9 -40.0 -12.4 -13.9 -0.2 -6.5

Manufacturing................................ 90.889 125.9 126.1 -4.8 2.1 0.5 0.0 0.2

Pacific Rim4.................................... 100.000 116.0 117.4 -5.1 0.0 1.3 -0.9 1.2

Nonmanufacturing........................... 21.970 128.3 133.6 -17.5 -0.1 3.4 -3.9 4.1

Manufacturing................................ 76.839 114.6 114.9 1.0 0.3 1.0 0.0 0.3

China............................................ 100.000 111.8 112.6 -8.0 0.6 1.6 -0.8 0.7

Nonmanufacturing........................... 28.623 117.3 121.6 -18.3 1.1 4.1 -2.7 3.7

Manufacturing................................ 70.244 112.1 111.5 -1.2 0.4 0.5 0.1 -0.5

Japan............................................ 100.000 117.2 118.3 -7.8 -0.4 1.2 -1.3 0.9

Nonmanufacturing........................... 26.793 140.8 147.6 -18.2 0.6 4.2 -2.8 4.8

Manufacturing................................ 71.946 110.6 110.0 -1.3 -0.8 0.5 -0.5 -0.5

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

14
Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: April 2022 to April 20231

[December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Index Percent change

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2022 to

Apr.

2023

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Industrialized Countries2

............................ 102.1 102.1 3.7 0.1 1.8 0.2 0.0

Canada.................................................. 97.3 97.7 20.2 -0.6 4.4 0.2 0.4

European Union...................................... 102.0 102.7 -5.3 -0.9 -0.4 0.3 0.7

Germany................................................ 106.2 108.0 1.9 2.0 -0.5 1.0 1.7

Latin America3

........................................ 111.1 109.9 -8.1 0.4 -1.1 -0.4 -1.1

Mexico.................................................. 114.3 113.1 -8.5 0.0 -1.0 0.1 -1.0

Pacific Rim4............................................ 110.3 111.9 -3.2 0.2 1.5 -0.5 1.5

China.................................................... 108.5 109.6 -6.2 1.1 1.7 -0.4 1.0

Japan.................................................... 111.3 111.9 -8.5 -0.5 1.4 -1.0 0.5

1 Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100.

2 Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.

3 Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.

4 China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized

Countries.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Regions are not mutually exclusive.

Dash = Not available

15
Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: April 2022

to April 2023

[2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description

Relative

importance

Mar.

20231

Index Percent change

Mar.

2023

Apr.

2023

Annual Monthly

Apr.

2022 to

Apr.

2023

Dec.

2022 to

Jan.

2023

Jan.

2023 to

Feb.

2023

Feb.

2023 to

Mar.

2023

Mar.

2023 to

Apr.

2023

Air Freight

Import Air Freight.................................... 100.000 232.8 240.1 -31.5 -11.8 -4.7 -2.7 3.1

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 33.829 257.4 219.5 -36.6 3.4 -0.6 -5.0 -14.7

Asia.................................................. 65.664 203.2 228.5 -30.0 -18.7 -6.4 -2.0 12.5

Export Air Freight................................... 100.000 194.3 190.2 -8.6 1.4 2.7 -4.4 -2.1

Europe (Dec. 2006=100).......................... 24.734 149.0 145.5 -16.3 0.3 -5.1 -2.3 -2.3

Asia (Dec. 2011=100).............................. 54.112 155.9 151.5 -7.2 1.4 5.9 -4.0 -2.8

Inbound Air Freight................................. 100.000 175.1 173.4 -34.2 -3.8 -4.5 -2.7 -1.0

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 31.806 178.9 161.0 -28.3 7.5 -1.9 -2.7 -10.0

Asia.................................................. 56.212 150.8 156.0 -39.4 -10.0 -5.2 -3.8 3.4

Outbound Air Freight............................... 100.000 202.3 188.4 -15.4 -4.8 9.7 -4.8 -6.9

Europe (Dec. 2003=100).......................... 27.936 189.0 175.7 -15.9 -0.4 1.8 -4.4 -7.0

Asia.................................................. 56.205 228.2 211.1 -15.6 -9.4 16.5 -5.5 -7.5

Air Passenger Fares

Import Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 180.5 170.7 1.5 -12.4 2.1 1.9 -5.4

Europe............................................... 43.405 193.8 189.3 2.2 1.0 -2.9 1.6 -2.3

Asia.................................................. 5.456 167.9 174.0 -5.0 -17.2 -0.2 -1.5 3.6

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 17.862 177.4 167.3 25.2 -21.6 10.3 5.7 -5.7

Export Air Passenger Fares....................... 100.000 190.6 191.8 9.1 12.4 -13.7 6.4 0.6

Europe............................................... 19.306 214.8 210.8 2.4 6.5 -5.3 2.1 -1.9

Asia.................................................. 10.327 179.7 194.2 4.3 13.3 -14.4 -8.7 8.1

Latin America/Caribbean.......................... 57.181 203.3 206.5 21.8 17.2 -18.3 12.4 1.6

1 Relative importance figures are based on 2021 trade values.

NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication.

Dash = Not available

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TECHNICAL NOTE

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 

formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 

weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 

additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101. 

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 

classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 

Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 

end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 

industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 

industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 

includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 

classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 

produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 

States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 

prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 

U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 

petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy. 

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 

of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 

factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 

industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture. 

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 

average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 

foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 

sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 

the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 

consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 

were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 

collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 

service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 

ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 

balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 

international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 

sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 

under "MXP Publications." 
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Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 

beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 

covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 

manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 

collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 

based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 

industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 

defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 

import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 

region, or grouping’s all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 

index on a scale of 100. 

 

Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index’s price-updated value share (expressed 

as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 

affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 

indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 

relative importance will increase as well. 

Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 

may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 

revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 

in the releases for February, March, and April. 

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 

percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 

decimal place. 

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 

sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 

Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 

services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 

appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 

email subscription service at https://subscriptions.bls.gov/accounts/USDOLBLS/subscriber/new. 

 

Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 

page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 

mxpinfo@bls.gov. 

If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access 

telecommunications relay services.