Technical information:    (202) 691-6378        USDL 04-1381
                 http://www.bls.gov/cps/
                                                For release:  10:00 A.M. EDT
Media contact:                  691-5902        Friday, July 30, 2004



                      WORKER DISPLACEMENT, 2001-03

                                     
   During the January 2001 through December 2003 period, 5.3 million
workers were displaced from jobs they had held for at least 3 years, the
Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today.
The number of displaced workers increased from 4.0 million in the previous
survey that covered the period from January 1999 through December 2001.
   
   Since 1984, the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S.
Department of Labor has sponsored surveys that collect information on
workers who were displaced from their jobs.  These surveys have been
conducted biennially as supplements to the Current Population Survey
(CPS), a monthly survey of households that is the primary source of
information on the nation's labor force.
   
   Displaced workers are defined as persons 20 years of age and older who
lost or left jobs because their plant or company closed or moved, there was
insufficient work for them to do, or their position or shift was abolished.
The period covered in this study was 2001-03, the 3 calendar years prior to
the January 2004 survey date.  The following analysis focuses primarily on
the 5.3 million persons who had worked for their employer for 3 or more
years at the time of displacement (referred to as long-tenured).  An
additional 6.1 million persons were displaced from jobs they had held for
less than 3 years (referred to as short-tenured).  Combining the short- and
long-tenured groups, the number of displaced workers totaled 11.4 million,
up from 10.1 million (as revised) in the prior survey.  (See Technical Note.)
Results from the January 2004 survey included the following highlights:
   
  -- About 65 percent of the long-tenured displaced were reemployed at the
     time of the survey. 
      
  -- Forty-three percent of long-tenured displaced workers cited plant or
     company closings or moves as the reason for their displacement.

  -- Forty-three percent of displaced workers who had worked for their
     employer for 3 or more years had received written advance notification
     that their jobs would be terminated.  Those who had received advance
     notice, however, were no more likely to be reemployed in January 2004
     than were those who had not been notified.
   
  -- Nearly one-third of long-tenured displaced workers lost jobs in
     manufacturing.  
  
   
  -- Fifty-seven percent of long-tenured workers who were displaced from
     full-time wage and salary jobs and who were reemployed in such jobs
     had earnings that were lower than those on the lost job.  About
     one-third experienced earnings losses of 20 percent or more.

                                  - 2 -
                                  
Characteristics of the Reemployed
     
   About 65 percent of the 5.3 million long-tenured displaced workers were
reemployed when surveyed in January 2004.  The proportion unemployed at the
time of the survey was 20 percent.  The remaining 15 percent of long-tenured
displaced workers were not in the labor force.  (See table 1.)
     
   In January 2004, reemployment rates for workers ages 20 to 24 and those
in the central-age group (ages 25 to 54) were 65 and 69 percent, respectively.
By comparison, reemployment rates were lower for older workers ages 55 to 64
(56 percent) and 65 years and older (24 percent).  Large proportions of older
displaced workers were not in the labor force when surveyed.
     
   In January 2004, 68 percent of men were reemployed, compared with 61 per-
cent of women.  Men and women had about an equal likelihood of being unem-
ployed, but the share of displaced women who had left the labor force, at
nearly 20 percent, was higher than that for men--nearly 12 percent.
     
   In January 2004, reemployment rates were similar across race and ethnic
groups--whites (66 percent), blacks (62 percent), Asians (63 percent), and
Hispanics or Latinos (65 percent).
     
Reason for Job Loss and Receipt of Advance Notice
     
   Of those long-tenured workers displaced during the January 2001 through
December 2003 period, 43 percent lost or left their jobs due to plant or
company closings or moves, 29 percent reported that their position or shift
was abolished, and 28 percent cited insufficient work as the reason for
being displaced.  (See table 2.)  The proportion reporting insufficient
work was up slightly from the prior survey, and the share citing plant or
company closings or moves was down.
     
   More than 4 in 10 displaced workers received written advance notice that
their jobs would be terminated, similar to the proportion in prior surveys.
In January 2004, long-tenured workers who lost jobs due to plant or company
closings or moves were most likely to have received written advance notice
of their impending job loss.  Among this group, 56 percent received such
notice; in comparison, 39 percent of workers displaced because of shift
abolishment and only 27 percent of those who lost jobs due to insufficient
work were notified in advance.  Regardless of the reason for displacement,
receipt of written advance notice appears to have had little impact on the
likelihood of being reemployed in January 2004.  Reemployment rates were
little different for those who did and those who did not receive advance
notice--66 and 64 percent, respectively.  (See table 3.)
     
Industry and Occupation
     
As in prior surveys, manufacturing accounted for a disproportionately large
share of displaced workers.  During the 2001-03 period, 1.7 million factory
workers were displaced from their jobs--nearly one-third of all long-tenured
displaced worker.  Manufacturing displacements were again concentrated within
the durable goods component (1.2 million), particularly in computers and elec-
tronic products and in primary metals and fabricated metal products.
(See table 4.)
   
   Displacements in wholesale and retail trade (765,000) accounted for 14 per-
cent of all long-tenured workers displaced during the 2001-03 period.  Long-
tenured displaced workers in professional and business services (595,000) made
up 11 percent of total displacement.
   
   The reemployment rate for displaced manufacturing workers was 60 percent,
lower than the overall reemployment rate for displaced workers (65 percent).
(These workers were not necessarily reemployed in the same industries from
which they were displaced.)  Reemployment rates for workers displaced from
the other major industry groups ranged from 60 percent for workers displaced
from jobs in financial activities to 74 percent for workers who lost jobs
in transportation and utilities and 76 percent for those who lost jobs in
the other services industry (which includes repair and maintenance and per-
sonal services).

                                  - 3 -       
   
   In the January 2004 survey, persons in managerial, professional, and
related jobs accounted for 32 percent of all long-tenured displaced workers.
Workers in production, transportation, and material moving jobs made up about
one-quarter of the long-tenured displaced; workers in these occupations trend
to be employed in the manufacturing industry.  (See table 5.)
   
   Among the major occupational groups, the reemployment rate was highest
for workers displaced from natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations (70 percent) and lowest for those displaced from service occupa-
tions (58 percent).
   
Geographic Divisions
   
   Compared with the prior survey, the number of long-tenured workers dis-
placed in each geographic division in the United States increased during the
2001-03 period.  The distribution of displacement among the divisions, however,
was about the same as in the prior survey.  In terms of employment status at
the time of the January 2004 survey, the New England and West North Central
divisions had the highest reemployment rates, at 73 percent each.
(See table 6.)
   
Earnings
   
   Of the 3.2 million reemployed displaced workers who lost full-time wage
and salary jobs during the 2001-03 period, 2.6 million were working in such
jobs in January 2004.  Of these reemployed full-time workers, 43 percent
were earning as much or more in their new jobs as they had earned on the
job they lost.  This was lower than the proportion recorded in the January
2002 survey (48 percent).  In January 2004, 34 percent reported earnings
losses of 20 percent or more.  (See table 7.)
   
Total Displaced Workers (With No Tenure Restriction)
   
   The total number of workers displaced during the 2001-03 period
(regardless of how long they had held their jobs) was 11.4 million; the
number of such workers during the 1999-2001 period was 10.1 million (as
revised).  Two-thirds of the total displaced had found new jobs when
surveyed in January 2004, while 20 percent were unemployed, and 13 percent
were not in the labor force. (See table 8.)

   Compared with long-tenured displaced workers, the short-tenured were
more likely to be young and to have lost jobs in construction, leisure and
hospitality, and in professional and business services.
   



Technical Note

   The data presented in this release were collected through a supplement to
the January 2004 Current Population Survey (CPS), the monthly survey of about
60,000 households that provides the basic data on employment and unemployment
for the nation.  The CPS is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau
of Labor Statistics (BLS).  The purpose of this supplement was to obtain
information on the number and characteristics of persons who had been displaced
(as defined below) from their jobs over the prior 3 calendar years.
   
   Data presented in this release are based on Census 2000 population
controls.  Previously published estimates of displaced workers from the
February 2000 and January 2002 surveys were based on population controls
from the 1990 census.  The estimates from these earlier surveys have been
recalculated using the new Census 2000-based population controls.  The
revised population controls raised the overall number of displaced workers
in each survey, but had little or no impact on rates.
   
   In the February 2000 survey, the total number of displaced workers (with
no tenure restriction) as originally published was 7,561,000, compared with
7,639,000 after revision.  The number of long-tenured displaced workers as
originally published was 3,275,000, compared with 3,314,000 after revision.
   
   In the January 2002 survey, the total number of displaced workers (with
no tenure restriction) as originally published was 9,933,000, compared with
10,101,000 after revision based on Census 2000 population controls.  The num-
ber of long-tenured displaced workers as originally published was 3,969,000,
compared with 4,024,000 after revision.

   Revised versions of the news release tables for the February 2000 and
January 2002 displaced worker surveys will be made available on the BLS
Web site.

   For a discussion of the revised population controls and the impact that
their introduction had on the basic CPS data, see "Revisions to the Current
Population Survey Effective in January 2003" in the February 2003 issue of
Employment and Earnings and available at http://www.bls.gov/cps/rvcps03.pdf
on the BLS Web site.  Also see "Adjustments to Household Survey Population
Estimates in January 2004" in the February 2004 issue of Employment and Earn-
ings and available at http://www.bls.gov/cps/cps04adj.pdf on the BLS Web
site.
   
   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request.  Voice phone:  202-691-5200; TDD message
referral phone number:  1-800-877-8339.

Reliability of the estimates
   
   Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error.  When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed,
there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent.  The exact difference, or sampling error,
varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is
measured by the standard error of the estimate.  There is about a 90-
percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample
will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population
value because of sampling error.  BLS analyses are generally conducted at
the 90-percent level of confidence.
   
   The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error.  Nonsampling error
can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of
the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the
sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct
information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data.
   
   For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and
information on estimating standard errors, see the "Explanatory Notes and
Estimates of Error" section of Employment and Earnings.
   
Concepts
   
   The first question asked of survey respondents to the CPS Supplement was, 
"During the last 3 calendar years, that is, January 2001 through December 2003, 
did (you/name) lose a job or leave one because: (your/his/her) plant or com-
pany closed or moved, (your/his/her) position or shift was abolished, there
was insufficient work, or another similar reason?"  If the answer to that
question was "yes," then the respondent was asked to identify which reason,
among the following, best described the reason for the job loss:
   
   Plant or company closed down or moved
   Plant or company operating but lost or left job because of:
      Insufficient work
      Position or shift abolished
      Seasonal job completed
   Self-operated business failed
   Some other reason

   Respondents who provided one of the first three reasons--plant or
company closed or moved, insufficient work, or position or shift abolished-
-were then asked questions about the lost job, including how many years it
had been held; the year the job was lost; its earnings, industry, and
occupation; and whether health insurance had been provided.  Other questions
were asked to determine what transpired before and after the job loss, such
as:  Was the respondent notified of the upcoming dismissal?  How long did
he/she go without work?  Did he/she receive unemployment benefits?  And, if
so, were the benefits used up?  Did the person move to another location after
the job loss to take or look for another job?  Information also was collected
about current health insurance coverage (other than Medicare and Medicaid)
and current earnings for those employed in January 2004.




     Table 1.  Displaced workers (1) by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and employment status in
     January 2004
                                                                                                              
                                                                                                              
                                                              Percent distribution by employment status       
        Age, sex, race, and Hispanic         Total                                                            
             or Latino ethnicity          (thousands)                                                         
                                                           Total        Employed     Unemployed    Not in the 
                                                                                                  labor force 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                    TOTAL                                                                                     
                                                                                                              
         Total, 20 years and over.......      5,329        100.0          64.8          20.2          15.0    
     20 to 24 years.....................        149        100.0          65.0          19.6          15.3    
     25 to 54 years.....................      4,087        100.0          68.9          19.5          11.6    
     55 to 64 years.....................        887        100.0          55.5          24.9          19.6    
     65 years and over..................        206        100.0          23.8          12.9          63.3    
                                                                                                              
                     Men                                                                                      
                                                                                                              
         Total, 20 years and over.......      3,010        100.0          67.7          20.8          11.5    
     20 to 24 years.....................         96        100.0          59.8          24.5          15.7    
     25 to 54 years.....................      2,372        100.0          71.0          20.8           8.1    
     55 to 64 years.....................        461        100.0          58.1          22.3          19.6    
     65 years and over..................         81        100.0          33.5           8.5          57.9    
                                                                                                              
                    Women                                                                                     
                                                                                                              
         Total, 20 years and over.......      2,319        100.0          61.1          19.3          19.6    
     20 to 24 years.....................         53        100.0          (2)           (2)           (2)     
     25 to 54 years.....................      1,715        100.0          65.9          17.7          16.4    
     55 to 64 years.....................        426        100.0          52.7          27.7          19.6    
     65 years and over..................        125        100.0          17.5          15.8          66.7    
                                                                                                              
                    White                                                                                     
                                                                                                              
         Total, 20 years and over.......      4,273        100.0          65.6          18.9          15.5    
     Men................................      2,463        100.0          68.4          19.8          11.8    
     Women..............................      1,810        100.0          61.9          17.5          20.6    
                                                                                                              
          Black or African American                                                                           
                                                                                                              
         Total, 20 years and over.......        695        100.0          61.6          27.1          11.2    
     Men................................        345        100.0          66.3          26.4           7.3    
     Women..............................        350        100.0          57.1          27.9          15.0    
                                                                                                              
                    Asian                                                                                     
                                                                                                              
         Total, 20 years and over.......        215        100.0          63.2          22.6          14.2    
     Men................................        115        100.0          64.5          27.5           8.0    
     Women..............................        100        100.0          61.6          16.9          21.5    
                                                                                                              
        Hispanic or Latino ethnicity                                                                          
                                                                                                              
         Total, 20 years and over.......        608        100.0          64.6          20.8          14.6    
     Men................................        372        100.0          70.5          19.4          10.1    
     Women..............................        236        100.0          55.3          23.0          21.7    

       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between
     January 2001 and December 2003 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the
     abolishment of their positions or shifts.
       2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
       NOTE:  Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum
     to totals because data are not presented for all races.  In addition, persons whose ethnicity is
     identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well
     as by race.






     Table 2.  Displaced workers (1) by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and reason for job loss,
     January 2004
        
                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                       
                                                                       Percent distribution by reason for job loss     
                                                                                                                       
             Age, sex, race, and Hispanic             Total                                                            
                 or Latino ethnicity               (thousands)                   Plant or                  Position or 
                                                                    Total        company     Insufficient     shift    
                                                                               closed down       work       abolished  
                                                                                 or moved                              
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
                        TOTAL                                                                                          
                                                                                                                       
         Total, 20 years and over................      5,329        100.0          43.1          28.3          28.6    
     20 to 24 years..............................        149        100.0          52.6          28.7          18.7    
     25 to 54 years..............................      4,087        100.0          42.2          29.3          28.5    
     55 to 64 years..............................        887        100.0          45.2          22.1          32.7    
     65 years and over...........................        206        100.0          45.2          34.9          19.9    
                                                                                                                       
                         Men                                                                                           
                                                                                                                       
         Total, 20 years and over................      3,010        100.0          40.7          31.9          27.5    
     20 to 24 years..............................         96        100.0          44.4          33.7          21.9    
     25 to 54 years..............................      2,372        100.0          39.8          33.3          27.0    
     55 to 64 years..............................        461        100.0          44.0          23.8          32.3    
     65 years and over...........................         81        100.0          44.0          34.4          21.6    
                                                                                                                       
                        Women                                                                                          
                                                                                                                       
         Total, 20 years and over................      2,319        100.0          46.3          23.7          30.1    
     20 to 24 years..............................         53        100.0          (2)           (2)           (2)     
     25 to 54 years..............................      1,715        100.0          45.6          23.8          30.7    
     55 to 64 years..............................        426        100.0          46.4          20.3          33.3    
     65 years and over...........................        125        100.0          46.0          35.3          18.8    
                                                                                                                       
                        White                                                                                          
                                                                                                                       
         Total, 20 years and over................      4,273        100.0          42.7          27.4          29.9    
     Men.........................................      2,463        100.0          41.6          30.1          28.3    
     Women.......................................      1,810        100.0          44.3          23.7          32.0    
                                                                                                                       
              Black or African American                                                                                
                                                                                                                       
         Total, 20 years and over................        695        100.0          47.1          28.9          24.1    
     Men.........................................        345        100.0          39.0          36.2          24.8    
     Women.......................................        350        100.0          55.1          21.6          23.3    
                                                                                                                       
                        Asian                                                                                          
                                                                                                                       
         Total, 20 years and over................        215        100.0          44.8          36.7          18.5    
     Men.........................................        115        100.0          40.3          42.2          17.5    
     Women.......................................        100        100.0          50.0          30.4          19.7    
                                                                                                                       
             Hispanic or Latino ethnicity                                                                              
                                                                                                                       
         Total, 20 years and over................        608        100.0          41.5          36.1          22.4    
     Men.........................................        372        100.0          38.4          41.6          20.0    
     Women.......................................        236        100.0          46.4          27.5          26.1    

       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2001
     and December 2003 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their
     positions or shifts.
       2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
       NOTE:  Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals
     because data are not presented for all races.  In addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or
     Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well as by race.






     Table 3.  Displaced workers (1) by whether they received written advance notice, reason for job loss, and employment
     status in January 2004
                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                          
                                                                              Percent distribution by employment status   
                                                                  Total                                                   
                          Characteristic                       (thousands)                                                
                                                                              Total      Employed   Unemployed  Not in the
                                                                                                               labor force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                               TOTAL                                                                                      
                                                                                                                          
         Total, 20 years and over (2).........................     5,329      100.0        64.8        20.2        15.0   
     Received written advance notice..........................     2,269      100.0        65.8        19.3        14.8   
     Did not receive written advance notice...................     2,964      100.0        64.0        20.9        15.1   
                                                                                                                          
               Plant or company closed down or moved                                                                      
                                                                                                                          
         Total, 20 years and over (2).........................     2,297      100.0        67.3        16.9        15.8   
     Received written advance notice..........................     1,276      100.0        68.4        15.9        15.7   
     Did not receive written advance notice...................       983      100.0        65.6        18.6        15.8   
                                                                                                                          
                         Insufficient work                                                                                
                                                                                                                          
         Total, 20 years and over (2).........................     1,508      100.0        62.1        23.8        14.1   
     Received written advance notice..........................       404      100.0        58.1        26.7        15.2   
     Did not receive written advance notice...................     1,070      100.0        64.2        22.2        13.6   
                                                                                                                          
                    Position or shift abolished                                                                           
                                                                                                                          
         Total, 20 years and over (2).........................     1,525      100.0        63.7        21.4        14.8   
     Received written advance notice..........................       588      100.0        65.7        21.6        12.7   
     Did not receive written advance notice...................       910      100.0        61.9        21.9        16.2   

       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2001 and
     December 2003 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
     or shifts.
       2 Includes a small number who did not report information on advance notice.






     Table 4.  Displaced workers (1) by industry and class of worker of lost job and employment status in January 2004
                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                          
                                                                              Percent distribution by employment status   
                                                                  Total                                                   
             Industry and class of worker of lost job          (thousands)                                                
                                                                              Total      Employed   Unemployed  Not in the
                                                                                                               labor force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
          Total, 20 years and over (2)........................     5,329      100.0        64.8        20.2        15.0   
     Agriculture and related industries wage and salary                                                                   
       workers................................................        36      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
     Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers.......     5,235      100.0        65.0        20.0        15.1   
                                                                                                                          
       Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers........     4,996      100.0        65.1        19.9        15.1   
             Mining...........................................        21      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Construction.....................................       315      100.0        66.7        19.9        13.4   
             Manufacturing....................................     1,697      100.0        59.8        22.6        17.5   
                  Durable goods manufacturing ................     1,173      100.0        58.2        24.8        17.0   
                      Primary metals and fabricated metal                                                                 
                        products..............................       225      100.0        57.6        19.9        22.6   
                      Machinery manufacturing.................       142      100.0        57.8        21.6        20.6   
                      Computers and electronic products.......       294      100.0        63.8        26.0        10.3   
                      Electrical equipment and appliances.....        78      100.0        41.5        32.0        26.5   
                      Transportation equipment................       165      100.0        56.7        35.6         7.7   
                      Miscellaneous manufacturing.............        98      100.0        48.5        25.8        25.6   
                      Other durable goods industries..........       169      100.0        64.3        17.5        18.2   
                  Nondurable goods manufacturing .............       525      100.0        63.5        17.8        18.6   
                      Food manufacturing......................        75      100.0        59.8        27.4        12.9   
                      Textiles, apparel, and leather..........       152      100.0        63.8        19.0        17.2   
                      Paper and printing......................       143      100.0        71.2        13.2        15.6   
                      Other nondurable goods industries.......       154      100.0        58.0        16.3        25.7   
             Wholesale and retail trade.......................       765      100.0        66.1        20.4        13.5   
                  Wholesale trade.............................       245      100.0        62.4        20.3        17.3   
                  Retail trade................................       521      100.0        67.9        20.5        11.7   
             Transportation and utilities (4).................       233      100.0        73.8        15.2        11.0   
                  Transportation and warehousing..............       215      100.0        72.6        15.5        11.9   
             Information (4)..................................       309      100.0        69.2        14.3        16.5   
                  Telecommunications..........................       182      100.0        64.0        17.7        18.3   
             Financial activities.............................       355      100.0        60.1        25.2        14.7   
                  Finance and insurance.......................       291      100.0        61.4        26.7        11.9   
                      Finance.................................       185      100.0        59.7        24.5        15.8   
                      Insurance...............................       106      100.0        64.6        30.4         5.1   
                  Real estate and rental and leasing..........        64      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
             Professional and business services...............       595      100.0        70.2        18.5        11.3   
                  Professional and technical services.........       410      100.0        74.6        15.9         9.5   
                  Management, administrative, and waste                                                                   
                    services..................................       185      100.0        60.4        24.4        15.2   
             Education and health services....................       346      100.0        68.6        15.7        15.7   
                  Educational services........................        55      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
                  Health care and social assistance (4).......       291      100.0        67.5        16.9        15.6   
                      Hospitals...............................        88      100.0        69.9        12.4        17.7   
                      Health services, except hospitals.......       164      100.0        69.1        14.6        16.3   
             Leisure and hospitality (4)......................       216      100.0        65.4        18.1        16.5   
                  Accommodation and food services (4).........       174      100.0        64.9        20.2        14.9   
                      Food services and drinking places.......       144      100.0        66.5        20.4        13.1   
             Other services...................................       139      100.0        76.1         8.6        15.3   
                                                                                                                          
       Government workers.....................................       239      100.0        63.1        21.4        15.6   

       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2001 and
     December 2003 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
     or shifts.
       2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report industry or class of
     worker.
       3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
       4 Includes other industries, not shown separately.






     Table 5.  Displaced workers (1) by occupation of lost job and employment status in January 2004
                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                   
                                                                       Percent distribution by employment status   
                                                           Total                                                   
                   Occupation of lost job               (thousands)                                                
                                                                       Total      Employed   Unemployed  Not in the
                                                                                                        labor force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
          Total, 20 years and over (2).................     5,329      100.0        64.8        20.2        15.0   
                                                                                                                   
      Management, professional, and related                                                                        
        occupations....................................     1,726      100.0        66.8        19.7        13.4   
        Management, business, and financial operations                                                             
          occupations..................................       913      100.0        65.4        20.8        13.7   
        Professional and related occupations...........       813      100.0        68.4        18.5        13.1   
                                                                                                                   
      Service occupations..............................       356      100.0        57.5        20.1        22.4   
                                                                                                                   
      Sales and office occupations.....................     1,330      100.0        65.5        19.4        15.1   
        Sales and related occupations..................       558      100.0        73.5        13.9        12.5   
        Office and administrative support                                                                          
          occupations..................................       772      100.0        59.7        23.3        17.0   
                                                                                                                   
      Natural resources, construction, and maintenance                                                             
        occupations....................................       581      100.0        69.5        18.3        12.2   
        Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.....        37      100.0        (3)         (3)         (3)    
        Construction and extraction occupations........       288      100.0        71.9        15.0        13.1   
        Installation, maintenance, and repair                                                                      
          occupations..................................       257      100.0        68.6        20.8        10.6   
                                                                                                                   
      Production, transportation, and material moving                                                              
        occupations....................................     1,290      100.0        61.5        22.0        16.5   
        Production occupations.........................       936      100.0        61.7        19.9        18.4   
        Transportation and material moving                                                                         
          occupations..................................       354      100.0        61.3        27.4        11.3   

       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January
     2001 and December 2003 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of
     their positions or shifts.
       2 Total includes a small number who did not report occupation.
       3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.






     Table 6.  Displaced workers (1) by selected characteristics and area of residence in January 2004
     
     (In thousands)
                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
                                                     New    Middle   East    West   South    East    West                   
                Characteristic              Total  England  Atlan-  North   North   Atlan-  South   South   Mountain Pacific
                                                             tic   Central Central   tic   Central Central                  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
            Workers who lost jobs                                                                                           
                                                                                                                            
         Total, 20 years and over........   5,329      307     715     929     335     890     272     553      361      968
     Men.................................   3,010      174     380     479     183     498     154     323      238      581
     Women...............................   2,319      133     335     450     152     392     118     230      122      387
                                                                                                                            
             Reason for job loss                                                                                            
                                                                                                                            
     Plant or company closed down or                                                                                        
       moved.............................   2,297      136     317     417     151     395     148     210      116      407
     Insufficient work...................   1,508       89     224     236      74     213      61     162      125      324
     Position or shift abolished.........   1,525       82     173     276     110     282      62     181      120      237
                                                                                                                            
     Industry and class of worker of lost                                                                                   
                   job (2)                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                            
     Agriculture and related industries                                                                                     
       wage and salary workers...........      36        1      -       -        2       6       2      -        -        25
     Nonagricultural industries wage and                                                                                    
       salary workers....................   5,235      304     709     922     328     876     269     536      357      932
                                                                                                                            
       Private nonagricultural wage and                                                                                     
          salary workers.................   4,996      296     693     880     315     843     259     494      339      877
             Mining......................      21       -        2      -        4       3       2       4        5       - 
             Construction................     315       13      39      42      10      48      14      34       58       57
             Manufacturing...............   1,697      112     236     353      89     255     128     129       62      332
                  Durable goods..........   1,173       72     122     290      64     146      81      94       54      249
                  Nondurable goods.......     525       40     114      63      25     109      47      35        8       83
             Wholesale and retail                                                                                           
               trade.....................     765       36      97     135      50     146      30     105       56      111
             Transportation and                                                                                             
               utilities.................     233       13      26      43      10      45      22      12       15       46
             Information.................     309       18      41      33      28      58       6      46       27       53
             Financial activities........     355       19      71      65      26      55      14      27       18       59
             Professional and business                                                                                      
               services..................     595       54      78     104      41     100      14      50       41      112
             Education and health                                                                                           
               services..................     346       19      77      60      23      50       4      40       33       41
             Leisure and hospitality.....     216        9      24      17      21      54      17      19       18       38
             Other services..............     139        1       3      27      13      28       8      25        6       28
                                                                                                                            
       Government workers................     239        8      16      42      14      33      10      42       18       56
                                                                                                                            
              Employment status                                                                                             
               in January 2004                                                                                              
                                                                                                                            
     Employed............................   3,454      223     442     576     245     631     157     380      230      570
     Unemployed..........................   1,075       59     134     215      50     144      58     102       66      246
     Not in the labor force..............     800       26     139     139      39     115      57      71       65      151

       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2001 and
     December 2003 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
     or shifts.
       2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report industry or class of worker.
       NOTE:  Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont compose the New England
     Division; New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania compose the Middle Atlantic Division; Illinois, Indiana, Michigan,
     Ohio, and Wisconsin compose the East North Central Division; Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota,
     and South Dakota compose the West North Central Division; Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland,
     North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia compose the South Atlantic Division; Alabama, Kentucky,
     Mississippi, and Tennessee compose the East South Central Division; Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas compose
     the West South Central Division; Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming compose the
     Mountain Division; Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington compose the Pacific Division.  Dash represents or
     rounds to zero.






     Table 7.  Displaced workers (1) who lost full-time wage and salary jobs and were reemployed in January 2004 by
     industry of lost job and characteristics of new job
     
     (In thousands)
                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                           
                                                                          Reemployed in January 2004                       
                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                           
                                                                          Wage and salary workers                          
                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                           
                                                                                     Full time                             
                                                                                                                    Self-  
       Industry and class of worker of lost job                                                                    employed
                                                   Total                   Earnings relative to those of lost job    and   
                                                            Part                                                    unpaid 
                                                            time                                                    family 
                                                                   Total      20      Below,   Equal or     20     workers 
                                                                    (2)    percent     but      above,   percent           
                                                                           or more  within 20    but     or more           
                                                                            below    percent  within 20   above            
                                                                                               percent                     
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
         Total who lost full-time wage and salary                                                                          
           jobs (3)..............................   3,173     321   2,559      749       498       579       365       292 
     Agriculture and related industries wage and                                                                           
       salary workers............................      12       3       5        1         2         1         1         3 
     Nonagricultural industries wage and salary                                                                            
       workers...................................   3,140     316   2,539      748       496       578       363       285 
                                                                                                                           
       Private nonagricultural wage and salary                                                                             
         workers.................................   3,035     294   2,460      733       484       544       347       281 
             Mining..............................      13       2      10        8         3        -         -          1 
             Construction........................     198      14     152       34        14        60        35        32 
             Manufacturing.......................     984      87     830      267       189       144       116        67 
                  Durable goods..................     659      39     577      197       115        91        88        43 
                  Nondurable goods...............     326      48     254       70        73        53        28        24 
             Wholesale and retail trade..........     457      45     373      106        72        56        49        40 
             Transportation and utilities........     162      11     141       57        22        30        16        10 
             Information.........................     203      18     148       63        29        15        17        37 
             Financial activities................     204      13     164       32        37        49        22        27 
             Professional and business                                                                                     
               services..........................     395      39     320       78        70        96        41        36 
             Education and health services.......     201      34     158       38        27        49        19         9 
             Leisure and hospitality.............     108      21      77       27        16        14        11        11 
             Other services......................     104      10      82       22         6        30        20        12 
                                                                                                                           
       Government workers........................     105      22      79       16        12        34        16         4 

       1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2001 and
     December 2003 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
     or shifts.
       2 Includes about 368,000 persons who did not report earnings on lost job.
       3 Includes a small number who did not report industry.
       NOTE:  Dash represents or rounds to zero.






     Table 8.  Total displaced workers (1) by selected characteristics and employment status in January 2004
     
                                                                                                              
                                                                                                              
                                                                     Percent distribution by employment status
                                                           Total                                              
                       Characteristic                   (thousands)                                           
                                                                      Total  Employed  Unemployed   Not in the
                                                                                                   labor force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                   Workers who lost jobs                                                                      
                                                                                                              
         Total, 20 years and over......................    11,421     100.0     66.4       20.3        13.3   
     20 to 24 years....................................     1,078     100.0     63.8       22.8        13.3   
     25 to 54 years....................................     8,688     100.0     69.4       19.9        10.7   
     55 to 64 years....................................     1,384     100.0     57.4       22.5        20.1   
     65 years and over.................................       271     100.0     24.6       14.3        61.1   
                                                                                                              
         Men...........................................     6,492     100.0     69.6       21.0         9.4   
     20 to 24 years....................................       644     100.0     65.4       24.9         9.7   
     25 to 54 years....................................     5,038     100.0     72.2       20.8         7.0   
     55 to 64 years....................................       709     100.0     60.6       19.8        19.6   
     65 years and over.................................       101     100.0     31.1       13.5        55.4   
                                                                                                              
         Women.........................................     4,928     100.0     62.1       19.5        18.4   
     20 to 24 years....................................       434     100.0     61.5       19.8        18.7   
     25 to 54 years....................................     3,650     100.0     65.6       18.6        15.8   
     55 to 64 years....................................       674     100.0     53.9       25.4        20.7   
     65 years and over.................................       169     100.0     20.7       14.9        64.4   
                                                                                                              
     White.............................................     9,116     100.0     68.2       18.7        13.1   
     Black or African American.........................     1,469     100.0     60.0       28.8        11.2   
     Asian.............................................       496     100.0     57.3       24.0        18.7   
     Hispanic or Latino ethnicity......................     1,498     100.0     68.1       20.0        11.9   
                                                                                                              
                    Reason for job loss                                                                       
                                                                                                              
     Plant or company closed down or moved.............     4,320     100.0     67.7       18.4        13.9   
     Insufficient work.................................     4,161     100.0     64.8       22.7        12.5   
     Position or shift abolished.......................     2,940     100.0     66.7       19.8        13.5   
                                                                                                              
                 Occupation of lost job (2)                                                                   
                                                                                                              
      Management, professional, and related                                                                   
        occupations....................................     3,265     100.0     70.5       18.6        10.9   
        Management, business, and financial operations                                                        
          occupations..................................     1,573     100.0     69.5       19.3        11.2   
        Professional and related occupations...........     1,693     100.0     71.5       17.9        10.6   
      Service occupations..............................     1,155     100.0     60.6       21.4        18.0   
      Sales and office occupations.....................     2,934     100.0     64.8       20.6        14.7   
        Sales and related occupations..................     1,270     100.0     67.4       20.0        12.6   
        Office and administrative support                                                                     
          occupations..................................     1,665     100.0     62.7       21.0        16.3   
      Natural resources, construction, and maintenance                                                        
        occupations....................................     1,445     100.0     73.2       16.8        10.0   
        Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations.....        72     100.0     (3)        (3)         (3)    
        Construction and extraction occupations........       913     100.0     75.0       14.8        10.2   
        Installation, maintenance, and repair                                                                 
          occupations..................................       461     100.0     72.5       19.8         7.8   
      Production, transportation, and material moving                                                         
        occupations....................................     2,377     100.0     62.1       23.6        14.3   
        Production occupations.........................     1,631     100.0     62.5       21.9        15.6   
        Transportation and material moving                                                                    
          occupations..................................       746     100.0     61.3       27.3        11.4   
                                                                                                              
        Industry and class of worker of lost job (2)                                                          
                                                                                                              
     Agriculture and related industries wage and salary                                                       
       workers.........................................        70     100.0     (3)        (3)         (3)    
     Nonagricultural industries wage and salary                                                               
       workers.........................................    11,035     100.0     66.5       20.2        13.2   
                                                                                                              
       Private nonagricultural wage and salary                                                                
         workers.......................................    10,582     100.0     66.6       20.4        13.0   
             Mining....................................        53     100.0     (3)        (3)         (3)    
             Construction..............................       991     100.0     71.0       18.4        10.6   
             Manufacturing.............................     2,892     100.0     63.1       21.9        15.0   
                  Durable goods........................     2,042     100.0     61.9       23.8        14.3   
                  Nondurable goods.....................       850     100.0     66.0       17.3        16.7   
             Wholesale and retail trade................     1,688     100.0     68.3       19.5        12.2   
             Transportation and utilities..............       481     100.0     70.0       19.8        10.2   
             Information...............................       622     100.0     72.0       16.6        11.5   
             Financial activities......................       608     100.0     64.5       23.8        11.8   
             Professional and business services........     1,500     100.0     68.3       20.8        10.9   
             Education and health services.............       741     100.0     61.1       21.0        17.8   
             Leisure and hospitality...................       724     100.0     64.3       20.1        15.6   
             Other services............................       266     100.0     71.6       17.1        11.3   
                                                                                                              
       Government workers..............................       452     100.0     65.2       17.3        17.5   

       1 Data refer to all persons (regardless of years of tenure on lost job) who had lost or left a job
     between January 2001 and December 2003 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work,
     or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
       2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report occupation,
     industry, or class of worker.
       3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
       NOTE:  Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum
     to totals because data are not presented for all races.  In addition, persons whose ethnicity is
     identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well
     as by race.